{"generatedAt":"2026-10-28T05:30:04.089Z","seed":20754,"count":7067,"pick":{"type":"lesson","id":"the-swiss-family-robinson:lesson:2","title":"Providence and diligence together","text":"The family prays before and after every venture and also works from dawn to dark. The book never treats faith as a reason to wait idly or skill as a reason to forget God.","work":"The Swiss Family Robinson","author":"Johann David Wyss","url":"/works/the-swiss-family-robinson/#lessons"},"items":[{"type":"quote","id":"a-bear-called-paddington-q1","title":"A Bear Called Paddington","text":"PLEASE LOOK AFTER THIS BEAR. THANK YOU.","work":"A Bear Called Paddington","author":"Michael Bond","url":"/works/a-bear-called-paddington/#a-bear-called-paddington-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-childs-garden-of-verses-q1","title":"A Child's Garden of Verses","text":"In winter I get up at night And dress by yellow candle-light. In summer quite the other way, I have to go to bed by day.","work":"A Child's Garden of Verses","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/a-childs-garden-of-verses/#a-childs-garden-of-verses-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-childs-garden-of-verses-q2","title":"A Child's Garden of Verses","text":"The world is so full of a number of things, I'm sure we should all be as happy as kings.","work":"A Child's Garden of Verses","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/a-childs-garden-of-verses/#a-childs-garden-of-verses-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-childs-garden-of-verses-q3","title":"A Child's Garden of Verses","text":"The rain is falling all around, It falls on field and tree, It rains on the umbrellas here, And on the ships at sea.","work":"A Child's Garden of Verses","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/a-childs-garden-of-verses/#a-childs-garden-of-verses-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-christmas-carol-q1","title":"A Christmas Carol","text":"MARLEY was dead: to begin with","work":"A Christmas Carol","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-christmas-carol/#a-christmas-carol-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-christmas-carol-q2","title":"A Christmas Carol","text":"Oh! But he was a tight-fisted hand at the grind-stone, Scrooge! a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous, old sinner","work":"A Christmas Carol","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-christmas-carol/#a-christmas-carol-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-christmas-carol-q3","title":"A Christmas Carol","text":"If they would rather die, they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population.","work":"A Christmas Carol","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-christmas-carol/#a-christmas-carol-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-christmas-carol-q4","title":"A Christmas Carol","text":"You may be an undigested bit of beef, a blot of mustard, a crumb of cheese, a fragment of an underdone potato. There's more of gravy than of grave about you, whatever you are","work":"A Christmas Carol","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-christmas-carol/#a-christmas-carol-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-christmas-carol-q5","title":"A Christmas Carol","text":"I wear the chain I forged in life","work":"A Christmas Carol","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-christmas-carol/#a-christmas-carol-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-christmas-carol-q6","title":"A Christmas Carol","text":"Mankind was my business. The common welfare was my business; charity, mercy, forbearance, and benevolence, were, all, my business","work":"A Christmas Carol","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-christmas-carol/#a-christmas-carol-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-christmas-carol-q7","title":"A Christmas Carol","text":"This boy is Ignorance. This girl is Want. Beware them both, and all of their degree, but most of all beware this boy","work":"A Christmas Carol","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-christmas-carol/#a-christmas-carol-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-christmas-carol-q8","title":"A Christmas Carol","text":"I will honour Christmas in my heart, and try to keep it all the year","work":"A Christmas Carol","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-christmas-carol/#a-christmas-carol-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-christmas-carol-q9","title":"A Christmas Carol","text":"God bless us every one","work":"A Christmas Carol","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-christmas-carol/#a-christmas-carol-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-defence-of-the-constitutions-q1","title":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","text":"Corruption in elections is the great enemy of freedom.","work":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","author":"John Adams","url":"/works/a-defence-of-the-constitutions/#a-defence-of-the-constitutions-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-defence-of-the-constitutions-q2","title":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","text":"The perfection of the portrait consists in its likeness.","work":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","author":"John Adams","url":"/works/a-defence-of-the-constitutions/#a-defence-of-the-constitutions-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-defence-of-the-constitutions-q3","title":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","text":"The rich, the well-born, and the able, acquire an influence among the people that will soon be too much for simple honesty and plain sense, in a house of representatives.","work":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","author":"John Adams","url":"/works/a-defence-of-the-constitutions/#a-defence-of-the-constitutions-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-defence-of-the-constitutions-q4","title":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","text":"Thirteen governments thus founded on the natural authority of the people alone, without a pretence of miracle or mystery, and which are destined to spread over the northern part of that whole quarter of the globe, are a great point gained in favor of the rights of mankind.","work":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","author":"John Adams","url":"/works/a-defence-of-the-constitutions/#a-defence-of-the-constitutions-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-defence-of-the-constitutions-q5","title":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","text":"As the treble, the tenor, and the bass exist in nature, they will be heard in the concert.","work":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","author":"John Adams","url":"/works/a-defence-of-the-constitutions/#a-defence-of-the-constitutions-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-defence-of-the-constitutions-q6","title":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","text":"What is the ingredient which in England has preserved the democratical authority? The balance, and that only.","work":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","author":"John Adams","url":"/works/a-defence-of-the-constitutions/#a-defence-of-the-constitutions-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-defence-of-the-constitutions-q7","title":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","text":"The institutions now made in America will not wholly wear out for thousands of years. It is of the last importance, then, that they should begin right.","work":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","author":"John Adams","url":"/works/a-defence-of-the-constitutions/#a-defence-of-the-constitutions-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-defence-of-the-constitutions-q8","title":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","text":"The president of Pennsylvania might, upon such an occasion, have recollected one of Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion","work":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","author":"John Adams","url":"/works/a-defence-of-the-constitutions/#a-defence-of-the-constitutions-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"calhoun-disquisition-on-government-q1","title":"A Disquisition on Government","text":"It follows, then, that man is so constituted, that government is necessary to the existence of society, and society to his existence, and the perfection of his faculties.","work":"A Disquisition on Government","author":"John C. Calhoun","url":"/works/calhoun-disquisition-on-government/#calhoun-disquisition-on-government-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"calhoun-disquisition-on-government-q2","title":"A Disquisition on Government","text":"takes the sense of each, through its majority or appropriate organ, and the united sense of all, as the sense of the entire community.","work":"A Disquisition on Government","author":"John C. Calhoun","url":"/works/calhoun-disquisition-on-government/#calhoun-disquisition-on-government-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"calhoun-disquisition-on-government-q3","title":"A Disquisition on Government","text":"constitution implies limitation or restriction","work":"A Disquisition on Government","author":"John C. Calhoun","url":"/works/calhoun-disquisition-on-government/#calhoun-disquisition-on-government-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"calhoun-disquisition-on-government-q4","title":"A Disquisition on Government","text":"This principle, in constitutional governments, is compromise","work":"A Disquisition on Government","author":"John C. Calhoun","url":"/works/calhoun-disquisition-on-government/#calhoun-disquisition-on-government-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"calhoun-disquisition-on-government-q5","title":"A Disquisition on Government","text":"it is found, in practice, not only to succeed, but to be the safest, the wisest and the best that human ingenuity has ever devised.","work":"A Disquisition on Government","author":"John C. Calhoun","url":"/works/calhoun-disquisition-on-government/#calhoun-disquisition-on-government-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"calhoun-disquisition-on-government-q6","title":"A Disquisition on Government","text":"A reward more appropriate than liberty could not be conferred on the deserving","work":"A Disquisition on Government","author":"John C. Calhoun","url":"/works/calhoun-disquisition-on-government/#calhoun-disquisition-on-government-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"calhoun-disquisition-on-government-q7","title":"A Disquisition on Government","text":"But to go further, and make equality of condition essential to liberty, would be to destroy both liberty and progress.","work":"A Disquisition on Government","author":"John C. Calhoun","url":"/works/calhoun-disquisition-on-government/#calhoun-disquisition-on-government-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-dolls-house-and-other-plays-q1","title":"A Doll's House and Other Plays","text":"I have been your doll-wife, just as at home I was papa's doll-child","work":"A Doll's House and Other Plays","author":"Henrik Ibsen","url":"/works/a-dolls-house-and-other-plays/#a-dolls-house-and-other-plays-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-dolls-house-and-other-plays-q2","title":"A Doll's House and Other Plays","text":"I believe that before all else I am a reasonable human being, just as you are","work":"A Doll's House and Other Plays","author":"Henrik Ibsen","url":"/works/a-dolls-house-and-other-plays/#a-dolls-house-and-other-plays-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-dolls-house-and-other-plays-q3","title":"A Doll's House and Other Plays","text":"Mother, give me the sun","work":"A Doll's House and Other Plays","author":"Henrik Ibsen","url":"/works/a-dolls-house-and-other-plays/#a-dolls-house-and-other-plays-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-farewell-to-arms-q1","title":"A Farewell to Arms","text":"At the start of the winter came the permanent rain and with the rain came the cholera. But it was checked and in the end only seven thousand died of it in the army.","work":"A Farewell to Arms","author":"Ernest Hemingway","url":"/works/a-farewell-to-arms/#a-farewell-to-arms-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-farewell-to-arms-q2","title":"A Farewell to Arms","text":"He had always known what I did not know and what, when I learned it, I was always able to forget.","work":"A Farewell to Arms","author":"Ernest Hemingway","url":"/works/a-farewell-to-arms/#a-farewell-to-arms-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-farewell-to-arms-q3","title":"A Farewell to Arms","text":"I was always embarrassed by the words sacred, glorious, and sacrifice and the expression in vain.","work":"A Farewell to Arms","author":"Ernest Hemingway","url":"/works/a-farewell-to-arms/#a-farewell-to-arms-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-farewell-to-arms-q4","title":"A Farewell to Arms","text":"Abstract words such as glory, honor, courage, or hallow were obscene beside the concrete names of villages, the numbers of roads, the names of rivers, the numbers of regiments and the dates.","work":"A Farewell to Arms","author":"Ernest Hemingway","url":"/works/a-farewell-to-arms/#a-farewell-to-arms-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-farewell-to-arms-q5","title":"A Farewell to Arms","text":"Anger was washed away in the river along with any obligation.","work":"A Farewell to Arms","author":"Ernest Hemingway","url":"/works/a-farewell-to-arms/#a-farewell-to-arms-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-farewell-to-arms-q6","title":"A Farewell to Arms","text":"The world breaks every one and afterward many are strong at the broken places.","work":"A Farewell to Arms","author":"Ernest Hemingway","url":"/works/a-farewell-to-arms/#a-farewell-to-arms-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-farewell-to-arms-q7","title":"A Farewell to Arms","text":"It was like saying good-by to a statue. After a while I went out and left the hospital and walked back to the hotel in the rain.","work":"A Farewell to Arms","author":"Ernest Hemingway","url":"/works/a-farewell-to-arms/#a-farewell-to-arms-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-letter-concerning-toleration-q1","title":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","text":"I esteem it above all things necessary to distinguish exactly the Business of Civil Government from that of Religion, and to settle the just Bounds that lie between the one and the other.","work":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/a-letter-concerning-toleration/#a-letter-concerning-toleration-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-letter-concerning-toleration-q2","title":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","text":"The Commonwealth seems to me to be a Society of Men constituted only for the procuring, preserving, and advancing of their own Civil Interests.","work":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/a-letter-concerning-toleration/#a-letter-concerning-toleration-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-letter-concerning-toleration-q3","title":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","text":"Civil Interests I call Life, Liberty, Health, and Indolency of Body; and the Possession of outward things, such as Money, Lands, Houses, Furniture, and the like.","work":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/a-letter-concerning-toleration/#a-letter-concerning-toleration-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-letter-concerning-toleration-q4","title":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","text":"All the Life and Power of true Religion consists in the inward and full perswasion of the mind; and Faith is not Faith without believing.","work":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/a-letter-concerning-toleration/#a-letter-concerning-toleration-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-letter-concerning-toleration-q5","title":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","text":"A Church then I take to be a voluntary Society of Men, joining themselves together of their own accord, in order to the publick worshipping of God, in such a manner as they judge acceptable to him, and effectual to the Salvation of their Souls.","work":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/a-letter-concerning-toleration/#a-letter-concerning-toleration-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-letter-concerning-toleration-q6","title":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","text":"No man can be forced to be Rich or Healthful, whether he will or no. Nay, God himself will not save men against their wills.","work":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/a-letter-concerning-toleration/#a-letter-concerning-toleration-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-letter-concerning-toleration-q7","title":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","text":"Lastly, Those are not at all to be tolerated who deny the Being of a God. Promises, Covenants, and Oaths, which are the Bonds of Humane Society, can have no hold upon an Atheist.","work":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/a-letter-concerning-toleration/#a-letter-concerning-toleration-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-letter-concerning-toleration-q8","title":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","text":"neither Pagan, nor Mahumetan, nor Iew, ought to be excluded from the Civil Rights of the Commonwealth, because of his Religion.","work":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/a-letter-concerning-toleration/#a-letter-concerning-toleration-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-little-princess-q1","title":"A Little Princess","text":"\"Soldiers don't complain,\" she would say between her small, shut teeth, \"I am not going to do it; I will pretend this is part of a war.\"","work":"A Little Princess","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/a-little-princess/#a-little-princess-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-little-princess-q2","title":"A Little Princess","text":"EVERYTHING'S a story. You are a story--I am a story. Miss Minchin is a story.","work":"A Little Princess","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/a-little-princess/#a-little-princess-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-little-princess-q3","title":"A Little Princess","text":"If I am a princess in rags and tatters, I can be a princess inside. It would be easy to be a princess if I were dressed in cloth of gold, but it is a great deal more of a triumph to be one all the time when no one knows it.","work":"A Little Princess","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/a-little-princess/#a-little-princess-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-little-princess-q4","title":"A Little Princess","text":"\"She is hungrier than I am,\" she said to herself. \"She's starving.\"","work":"A Little Princess","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/a-little-princess/#a-little-princess-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-little-princess-q5","title":"A Little Princess","text":"to be able to learn things quickly isn't everything. To be kind is worth a great deal to other people.","work":"A Little Princess","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/a-little-princess/#a-little-princess-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-little-princess-q6","title":"A Little Princess","text":"I--TRIED not to be anything else,\" she answered in a low voice--\"even when I was coldest and hungriest--I tried not to be.","work":"A Little Princess","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/a-little-princess/#a-little-princess-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"hardy-a-mathematicians-apology-q1","title":"A Mathematician's Apology","text":"No mathematician should ever allow himself to forget that mathematics, more than any other art or science, is a young man's game.","work":"A Mathematician's Apology","author":"G. H. Hardy","url":"/works/hardy-a-mathematicians-apology/#hardy-a-mathematicians-apology-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"hardy-a-mathematicians-apology-q2","title":"A Mathematician's Apology","text":"A mathematician, like a painter or a poet, is a maker of patterns.","work":"A Mathematician's Apology","author":"G. H. Hardy","url":"/works/hardy-a-mathematicians-apology/#hardy-a-mathematicians-apology-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-midsummer-nights-dream-q1","title":"A Midsummer Night's Dream","text":"The course of true love never did run smooth","work":"A Midsummer Night's Dream","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/a-midsummer-nights-dream/#a-midsummer-nights-dream-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-model-of-christian-charity-q1","title":"A Model of Christian Charity","text":"GOD ALMIGHTY in his most holy and wise providence, hath soe disposed of the condition of mankind, as in all times some must be rich, some poore, some high and eminent in power and dignitie; others mean and in submission.","work":"A Model of Christian Charity","author":"John Winthrop","url":"/works/a-model-of-christian-charity/#a-model-of-christian-charity-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-model-of-christian-charity-q2","title":"A Model of Christian Charity","text":"Love is the bond of perfection.","work":"A Model of Christian Charity","author":"John Winthrop","url":"/works/a-model-of-christian-charity/#a-model-of-christian-charity-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-model-of-christian-charity-q3","title":"A Model of Christian Charity","text":"for to love and live beloved is the soule's paradise both here and in heaven.","work":"A Model of Christian Charity","author":"John Winthrop","url":"/works/a-model-of-christian-charity/#a-model-of-christian-charity-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-model-of-christian-charity-q4","title":"A Model of Christian Charity","text":"For it is a true rule that particular Estates cannot subsist in the ruin of the publique.","work":"A Model of Christian Charity","author":"John Winthrop","url":"/works/a-model-of-christian-charity/#a-model-of-christian-charity-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-model-of-christian-charity-q5","title":"A Model of Christian Charity","text":"Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke, and to provide for our posterity, is to followe the counsell of Micah, to doe justly, to love mercy, to walk humbly with our God.","work":"A Model of Christian Charity","author":"John Winthrop","url":"/works/a-model-of-christian-charity/#a-model-of-christian-charity-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-model-of-christian-charity-q6","title":"A Model of Christian Charity","text":"Wee must delight in eache other; make other's conditions our oune; rejoice together, mourne together, labour and suffer together, allwayes haueving before our eyes our commission and community in the worke, as members of the same body.","work":"A Model of Christian Charity","author":"John Winthrop","url":"/works/a-model-of-christian-charity/#a-model-of-christian-charity-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-model-of-christian-charity-q7","title":"A Model of Christian Charity","text":"For wee must consider that wee shall be as a citty upon a hill. The eies of all people are uppon us.","work":"A Model of Christian Charity","author":"John Winthrop","url":"/works/a-model-of-christian-charity/#a-model-of-christian-charity-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-model-of-christian-charity-q8","title":"A Model of Christian Charity","text":"Therefore lett us choose life that wee, and our seede may liue, by obeyeing His voyce and cleaveing to Him, for Hee is our life and our prosperity.","work":"A Model of Christian Charity","author":"John Winthrop","url":"/works/a-model-of-christian-charity/#a-model-of-christian-charity-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-modest-proposal-q1","title":"A Modest Proposal","text":"I shall now therefore humbly propose my own thoughts, which I hope will not be liable to the least objection","work":"A Modest Proposal","author":"Jonathan Swift","url":"/works/a-modest-proposal/#a-modest-proposal-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"joyce-portrait-of-the-artist-q1","title":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","text":"Once upon a time and a very good time it was there was a moocow coming down along the road","work":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","author":"James Joyce","url":"/works/joyce-portrait-of-the-artist/#joyce-portrait-of-the-artist-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"joyce-portrait-of-the-artist-q2","title":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","text":"Lucifer, we are told, was a son of the morning, a radiant and mighty angel; yet he fell","work":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","author":"James Joyce","url":"/works/joyce-portrait-of-the-artist/#joyce-portrait-of-the-artist-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"joyce-portrait-of-the-artist-q3","title":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","text":"A girl stood before him in midstream, alone and still, gazing out to sea.","work":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","author":"James Joyce","url":"/works/joyce-portrait-of-the-artist/#joyce-portrait-of-the-artist-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"joyce-portrait-of-the-artist-q4","title":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","text":"When the soul of a man is born in this country there are nets flung at it to hold it back from flight. You talk to me of nationality, language, religion. I shall try to fly by those nets.","work":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","author":"James Joyce","url":"/works/joyce-portrait-of-the-artist/#joyce-portrait-of-the-artist-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"joyce-portrait-of-the-artist-q5","title":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","text":"The artist, like the God of creation, remains within or behind or beyond or above his handiwork, invisible, refined out of existence, indifferent, paring his fingernails.","work":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","author":"James Joyce","url":"/works/joyce-portrait-of-the-artist/#joyce-portrait-of-the-artist-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"joyce-portrait-of-the-artist-q6","title":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","text":"I will not serve that in which I no longer believe, whether it call itself my home, my fatherland, or my church: and I will try to express myself in some mode of life or art as freely as I can and as wholly as I can, using for my defence the only arms I allow myself to use—silence, exile and cunning.","work":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","author":"James Joyce","url":"/works/joyce-portrait-of-the-artist/#joyce-portrait-of-the-artist-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"joyce-portrait-of-the-artist-q7","title":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","text":"Welcome, O life! I go to encounter for the millionth time the reality of experience and to forge in the smithy of my soul the uncreated conscience of my race.","work":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","author":"James Joyce","url":"/works/joyce-portrait-of-the-artist/#joyce-portrait-of-the-artist-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"joyce-portrait-of-the-artist-q8","title":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","text":"Old father, old artificer, stand me now and ever in good stead.","work":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","author":"James Joyce","url":"/works/joyce-portrait-of-the-artist/#joyce-portrait-of-the-artist-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"mill-system-of-logic-book-iii-q1","title":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","text":"It is not from the past to the future, as past and future, that we infer, but from the known to the unknown; from facts observed to facts unobserved","work":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-system-of-logic-book-iii/#mill-system-of-logic-book-iii-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"mill-system-of-logic-book-iii-q2","title":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","text":"the proposition that the course of nature is uniform, is the fundamental principle, or general axiom of Induction.","work":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-system-of-logic-book-iii/#mill-system-of-logic-book-iii-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"mill-system-of-logic-book-iii-q3","title":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","text":"Why is a single instance, in some cases, sufficient for a complete induction, while in others, myriads of concurring instances, without a single exception known or presumed, go such a very little way toward establishing a universal proposition?","work":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-system-of-logic-book-iii/#mill-system-of-logic-book-iii-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"mill-system-of-logic-book-iii-q4","title":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","text":"The ellipse was in the facts before Kepler recognized it; just as the island was an island before it had been sailed round.","work":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-system-of-logic-book-iii/#mill-system-of-logic-book-iii-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"mill-system-of-logic-book-iii-q5","title":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","text":"The cause, then, philosophically speaking, is the sum total of the conditions, positive and negative taken together","work":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-system-of-logic-book-iii/#mill-system-of-logic-book-iii-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"mill-system-of-logic-book-iii-q6","title":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","text":"If an instance in which the phenomenon under investigation occurs, and an instance in which it does not occur, have every circumstance in common save one, that one occurring only in the former; the circumstance in which alone the two instances differ, is the effect, or the cause, or an indispensable part of the cause, of the phenomenon.","work":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-system-of-logic-book-iii/#mill-system-of-logic-book-iii-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"mill-system-of-logic-book-iii-q7","title":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","text":"there are some truths in medicine which are sufficiently proved by direct experiment.","work":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-system-of-logic-book-iii/#mill-system-of-logic-book-iii-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"mill-system-of-logic-book-iii-q8","title":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","text":"is no contradiction to the law of cause and effect; it is a new effect, supposed to be produced by the introduction of a new cause.","work":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-system-of-logic-book-iii/#mill-system-of-logic-book-iii-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-tale-of-two-cities-q1","title":"A Tale of Two Cities","text":"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times","work":"A Tale of Two Cities","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-tale-of-two-cities/#a-tale-of-two-cities-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-tale-of-two-cities-q2","title":"A Tale of Two Cities","text":"A wonderful fact to reflect upon, that every human creature is constituted to be that profound secret and mystery to every other.","work":"A Tale of Two Cities","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-tale-of-two-cities/#a-tale-of-two-cities-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-tale-of-two-cities-q3","title":"A Tale of Two Cities","text":"a man who would give his life, to keep a life you love beside you","work":"A Tale of Two Cities","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-tale-of-two-cities/#a-tale-of-two-cities-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-tale-of-two-cities-q4","title":"A Tale of Two Cities","text":"there had been a strong and extraordinary revival of the train of thought and remembrance that was the first cause of the malady","work":"A Tale of Two Cities","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-tale-of-two-cities/#a-tale-of-two-cities-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-tale-of-two-cities-q5","title":"A Tale of Two Cities","text":"Crush humanity out of shape once more, under similar hammers, and it will twist itself into the same tortured forms.","work":"A Tale of Two Cities","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-tale-of-two-cities/#a-tale-of-two-cities-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-tale-of-two-cities-q6","title":"A Tale of Two Cities","text":"I am the Resurrection and the Life, saith the Lord: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live","work":"A Tale of Two Cities","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-tale-of-two-cities/#a-tale-of-two-cities-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-tale-of-two-cities-q7","title":"A Tale of Two Cities","text":"It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known.","work":"A Tale of Two Cities","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-tale-of-two-cities/#a-tale-of-two-cities-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"spinoza-theologico-political-treatise-q1","title":"A Theologico-Political Treatise","text":"allowing every man to think what he likes, and say what he thinks.","work":"A Theologico-Political Treatise","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/spinoza-theologico-political-treatise/#spinoza-theologico-political-treatise-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"spinoza-theologico-political-treatise-q2","title":"A Theologico-Political Treatise","text":"That nature cannot be contravened, but that she preserves a fixed and immutable order","work":"A Theologico-Political Treatise","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/spinoza-theologico-political-treatise/#spinoza-theologico-political-treatise-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"spinoza-theologico-political-treatise-q3","title":"A Theologico-Political Treatise","text":"the method of interpreting Scripture does not widely differ from the method of interpreting nature - in fact, it is almost the same.","work":"A Theologico-Political Treatise","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/spinoza-theologico-political-treatise/#spinoza-theologico-political-treatise-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"spinoza-theologico-political-treatise-q4","title":"A Theologico-Political Treatise","text":"whosoever loves justice and charity we know, by that very fact, to be faithful: whosoever persecutes the faithful, is an enemy to Christ.","work":"A Theologico-Political Treatise","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/spinoza-theologico-political-treatise/#spinoza-theologico-political-treatise-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"spinoza-theologico-political-treatise-q5","title":"A Theologico-Political Treatise","text":"We have shown that Scripture does not teach philosophy, but merely obedience, and that all it contains has been adapted to the understanding and established opinions of the multitude.","work":"A Theologico-Political Treatise","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/spinoza-theologico-political-treatise/#spinoza-theologico-political-treatise-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"spinoza-theologico-political-treatise-q6","title":"A Theologico-Political Treatise","text":"The most tyrannical governments are those which make crimes of opinions, for everyone has an inalienable right over his thoughts","work":"A Theologico-Political Treatise","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/spinoza-theologico-political-treatise/#spinoza-theologico-political-treatise-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"spinoza-theologico-political-treatise-q7","title":"A Theologico-Political Treatise","text":"In fact, the true aim of government is liberty.","work":"A Theologico-Political Treatise","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/spinoza-theologico-political-treatise/#spinoza-theologico-political-treatise-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"rawls-a-theory-of-justice-q1","title":"A Theory of Justice","text":"Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought.","work":"A Theory of Justice","author":"John Rawls","url":"/works/rawls-a-theory-of-justice/#rawls-a-theory-of-justice-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"rawls-a-theory-of-justice-q2","title":"A Theory of Justice","text":"Each person possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override.","work":"A Theory of Justice","author":"John Rawls","url":"/works/rawls-a-theory-of-justice/#rawls-a-theory-of-justice-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge-q1","title":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","text":"we have first raised a dust and then complain we cannot see.","work":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","author":"George Berkeley","url":"/works/berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge/#berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge-q2","title":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","text":"we need only draw the curtain of words, to hold the fairest tree of knowledge, whose fruit is excellent, and within the reach of our hand.","work":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","author":"George Berkeley","url":"/works/berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge/#berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge-q3","title":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","text":"This perceiving, active being is what I call MIND, SPIRIT, SOUL, or MYSELF.","work":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","author":"George Berkeley","url":"/works/berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge/#berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge-q4","title":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","text":"Their ESSE is PERCIPI, nor is it possible they should have any existence out of the minds or thinking things which perceive them.","work":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","author":"George Berkeley","url":"/works/berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge/#berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge-q5","title":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","text":"all the choir of heaven and furniture of the earth, in a word all those bodies which compose the mighty frame of the world, have not any subsistence without a mind","work":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","author":"George Berkeley","url":"/works/berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge/#berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge-q6","title":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","text":"Now THE SET RULES OR ESTABLISHED METHODS WHEREIN THE MIND WE DEPEND ON EXCITES IN US THE IDEAS OF SENSE, ARE CALLED THE LAWS OF NATURE","work":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","author":"George Berkeley","url":"/works/berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge/#berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge-q7","title":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","text":"in such things we ought to THINK WITH THE LEARNED, AND SPEAK WITH THE VULGAR.","work":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","author":"George Berkeley","url":"/works/berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge/#berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge-q8","title":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","text":"what deserves the first place in our studies is the consideration of GOD and our DUTY","work":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","author":"George Berkeley","url":"/works/berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge/#berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-treatise-of-human-nature-q1","title":"A Treatise of Human Nature","text":"As liars, by the frequent repetition of their lies, come at last to remember them","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/a-treatise-of-human-nature/#a-treatise-of-human-nature-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-treatise-of-human-nature-q2","title":"A Treatise of Human Nature","text":"When the imagination, from any extraordinary ferment of the blood and spirits, acquires such a vivacity as disorders all its powers and faculties, there is no means of distinguishing betwixt truth and falshood","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/a-treatise-of-human-nature/#a-treatise-of-human-nature-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-treatise-of-human-nature-q3","title":"A Treatise of Human Nature","text":"reason is nothing but a wonderful and unintelligible instinct in our souls, which carries us along a certain train of ideas","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/a-treatise-of-human-nature/#a-treatise-of-human-nature-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-treatise-of-human-nature-q4","title":"A Treatise of Human Nature","text":"I never can catch myself at any time without a perception, and never can observe any thing but the perception","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/a-treatise-of-human-nature/#a-treatise-of-human-nature-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-treatise-of-human-nature-q5","title":"A Treatise of Human Nature","text":"they are nothing but a bundle or collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity, and are in a perpetual flux and movement","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/a-treatise-of-human-nature/#a-treatise-of-human-nature-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-treatise-of-human-nature-q6","title":"A Treatise of Human Nature","text":"The mind is a kind of theatre, where several perceptions successively make their appearance; pass, re-pass, glide away, and mingle in an infinite variety of postures and situations","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/a-treatise-of-human-nature/#a-treatise-of-human-nature-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-treatise-of-human-nature-q7","title":"A Treatise of Human Nature","text":"I am first affrighted and confounded with that forelorn solitude, in which I am placed in my philosophy, and fancy myself some strange uncouth monster","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/a-treatise-of-human-nature/#a-treatise-of-human-nature-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-treatise-of-human-nature-q8","title":"A Treatise of Human Nature","text":"Most fortunately it happens, that since reason is incapable of dispelling these clouds, nature herself suffices to that purpose, and cures me of this philosophical melancholy and delirium","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/a-treatise-of-human-nature/#a-treatise-of-human-nature-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-treatise-of-human-nature-q9","title":"A Treatise of Human Nature","text":"I dine, I play a game of backgammon, I converse, and am merry with my friends","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/a-treatise-of-human-nature/#a-treatise-of-human-nature-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-treatise-of-human-nature-q10","title":"A Treatise of Human Nature","text":"Where reason is lively, and mixes itself with some propensity, it ought to be assented to","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/a-treatise-of-human-nature/#a-treatise-of-human-nature-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-treatise-of-human-nature-q11","title":"A Treatise of Human Nature","text":"the minds of men are mirrors to one another, not only because they reflect each others emotions, but also because those rays of passions, sentiments and opinions may be often reverberated","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/a-treatise-of-human-nature/#a-treatise-of-human-nature-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-treatise-of-human-nature-q12","title":"A Treatise of Human Nature","text":"Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions, and can never pretend to any other office than to serve and obey them","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/a-treatise-of-human-nature/#a-treatise-of-human-nature-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-treatise-of-human-nature-q13","title":"A Treatise of Human Nature","text":"It is not contrary to reason to prefer the destruction of the whole world to the scratching of my finger","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/a-treatise-of-human-nature/#a-treatise-of-human-nature-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-treatise-of-human-nature-q14","title":"A Treatise of Human Nature","text":"Morality, therefore, is more properly felt than judged of","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/a-treatise-of-human-nature/#a-treatise-of-human-nature-q14"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-treatise-on-insanity-q1","title":"A Treatise on Insanity","text":"I was not a little surprized to find many maniacs who at no period gave evidence of any lesion of the understanding, but who were under the dominion of instinctive and ab- stract fury","work":"A Treatise on Insanity","author":"Philippe Pinel","url":"/works/a-treatise-on-insanity/#a-treatise-on-insanity-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles-q1","title":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","text":"As for my own part, I have most carefully inquired of those who use both the Syriac and Greek languages, and have asked them about this matter; but there was not one of them who could add anything to what I have mentioned","work":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","author":"Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes)","url":"/works/al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles/#al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles-q2","title":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","text":"Now the Small-Pox arises when the blood putrefies and ferments, so that the superfluous vapours are thrown out of it","work":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","author":"Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes)","url":"/works/al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles/#al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles-q3","title":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","text":"by a continued fever, pain in the back, itching in the nose, and terrors in sleep.","work":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","author":"Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes)","url":"/works/al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles/#al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles-q4","title":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","text":"the inquietude, nausea, and anxiety are more frequent in the Measles than in the Small-Pox ; while, on the other hand, the pain in the back is more peculiar to the Small-Pox than to the Measles","work":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","author":"Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes)","url":"/works/al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles/#al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles-q5","title":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","text":"As soon as the symptoms of the Small-Pox appear, drop rose-water into the eyes from time to time ; and wash the face with cold water several times in the day, and sprinkle the eyes with the same.","work":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","author":"Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes)","url":"/works/al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles/#al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles-q6","title":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","text":"When the pustules of the Small-Pox are white, large, distinct, few in number, and easy in coming out","work":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","author":"Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes)","url":"/works/al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles/#al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles-q7","title":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","text":"The safest kind of Measles is that where the redness is not very deep","work":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","author":"Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes)","url":"/works/al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles/#al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles-q8","title":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","text":"and to HIM Who hath given us understanding to accomplish the work be praise and glory without end, even as HE is most worthy and deserving thereof.","work":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","author":"Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes)","url":"/works/al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles/#al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman-q1","title":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","text":"In fact, how can they, if virtue has only one eternal standard?","work":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","author":"Mary Wollstonecraft","url":"/works/vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman/#vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman-q2","title":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","text":"Strengthen the female mind by enlarging it, and there will be an end to blind obedience","work":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","author":"Mary Wollstonecraft","url":"/works/vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman/#vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman-q3","title":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","text":"Taught from their infancy, that beauty is woman's sceptre, the mind shapes itself to the body, and, roaming round its gilt cage, only seeks to adorn its prison.","work":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","author":"Mary Wollstonecraft","url":"/works/vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman/#vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman-q4","title":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","text":"It is time to effect a revolution in female manners, time to restore to them their lost dignity","work":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","author":"Mary Wollstonecraft","url":"/works/vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman/#vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman-q5","title":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","text":"I do not wish them to have power over men; but over themselves.","work":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","author":"Mary Wollstonecraft","url":"/works/vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman/#vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman-q6","title":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","text":"Women might certainly study the art of healing, and be physicians as well as nurses.","work":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","author":"Mary Wollstonecraft","url":"/works/vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman/#vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman-q7","title":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","text":"day schools for particular ages should be established by government, in which boys and girls might be educated together.","work":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","author":"Mary Wollstonecraft","url":"/works/vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman/#vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman-q8","title":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","text":"Make them free, and they will quickly become wise and virtuous, as men become more so","work":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","author":"Mary Wollstonecraft","url":"/works/vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman/#vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-wonder-book-q1","title":"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys","text":"Children possess an unestimated sensibility to whatever is deep or high, in imagination or feeling, so long as it is simple likewise.","work":"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/a-wonder-book/#a-wonder-book-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-wonder-book-q2","title":"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys","text":"the commonest things, such as lie within everybody's grasp, are more valuable than the riches which so many mortals sigh and struggle after.","work":"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/a-wonder-book/#a-wonder-book-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-wonder-book-q3","title":"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys","text":"glad as my nature is, I am partly made of tears as well as smiles.","work":"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/a-wonder-book/#a-wonder-book-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-wonder-book-q4","title":"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys","text":"Hope spiritualizes the earth; Hope makes it always new; and, even in the earth's best and brightest aspect, Hope shows it to be only the shadow of an infinite bliss hereafter.","work":"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/a-wonder-book/#a-wonder-book-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-wonder-book-q5","title":"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys","text":"By the time you have stood there as long as I did, you will begin to learn patience!","work":"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/a-wonder-book/#a-wonder-book-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-wonder-book-q6","title":"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys","text":"Providence put me here, I hope, among other reasons, in order that I may make you what amends I can for the inhospitality of my neighbors.","work":"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/a-wonder-book/#a-wonder-book-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-wonder-book-q7","title":"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys","text":"But if thy faith had not helped me, I should never have waited for Pegasus, and never have gone up above the clouds, and never have conquered the terrible Chimæra.","work":"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/a-wonder-book/#a-wonder-book-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"a-wrinkle-in-time-q1","title":"A Wrinkle in Time","text":"It was a dark and stormy night.","work":"A Wrinkle in Time","author":"Madeleine L'Engle","url":"/works/a-wrinkle-in-time/#a-wrinkle-in-time-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"schechter-poultry-v-united-states-q1","title":"A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States","text":"Extraordinary conditions do not create or enlarge constitutional power.","work":"A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schechter-poultry-v-united-states/#schechter-poultry-v-united-states-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"schechter-poultry-v-united-states-q2","title":"A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States","text":"The Congress is not permitted to abdicate or to transfer to others the essential legislative functions with which it is thus vested.","work":"A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schechter-poultry-v-united-states/#schechter-poultry-v-united-states-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"schechter-poultry-v-united-states-q3","title":"A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States","text":"So far as the poultry here in question is concerned, the flow in interstate commerce had ceased.","work":"A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schechter-poultry-v-united-states/#schechter-poultry-v-united-states-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"schechter-poultry-v-united-states-q4","title":"A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States","text":"Otherwise, as we have said, there would be virtually no limit to the federal power, and for all practical purposes we should have a completely centralized government.","work":"A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schechter-poultry-v-united-states/#schechter-poultry-v-united-states-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"schechter-poultry-v-united-states-q5","title":"A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States","text":"This is delegation running riot.","work":"A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schechter-poultry-v-united-states/#schechter-poultry-v-united-states-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"schechter-poultry-v-united-states-q6","title":"A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States","text":"Activities local in their immediacy do not become interstate and national because of distant repercussions.","work":"A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schechter-poultry-v-united-states/#schechter-poultry-v-united-states-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"aaron-v-sec-q1","title":"Aaron v. SEC","text":"The language of § 17(a) strongly suggests that Congress contemplated a scienter requirement under § 17(a)(1), but not under § 17(a)(2) or § 17(a)(3).","work":"Aaron v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/aaron-v-sec/#aaron-v-sec-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"aaron-v-sec-q2","title":"Aaron v. SEC","text":"By contrast, the language of § 17(a)(2), which prohibits any person from obtaining money or property \"by means of any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission to state a material fact,\" is devoid of any suggestion whatsoever of a scienter requirement.","work":"Aaron v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/aaron-v-sec/#aaron-v-sec-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"aaron-v-sec-q3","title":"Aaron v. SEC","text":"But it is not this Court that \"drives a wedge\"; Congress has done that.","work":"Aaron v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/aaron-v-sec/#aaron-v-sec-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"aaron-v-sec-q4","title":"Aaron v. SEC","text":"An injunction is a drastic remedy, not a mild prophylactic, and should not be obtained against one acting in good faith.","work":"Aaron v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/aaron-v-sec/#aaron-v-sec-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"aaron-v-sec-q5","title":"Aaron v. SEC","text":"If the Commission is denied the ability effectively to nip in the bud the misrepresentations and deceptions that its investigations have revealed, honest investors will be the ones who suffer.","work":"Aaron v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/aaron-v-sec/#aaron-v-sec-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"aaron-v-sec-q6","title":"Aaron v. SEC","text":"I can agree with the Court that the language of the statutes is the starting point of analysis, but at least in present circumstances I strongly disagree with the conclusion that it is the ending point as well.","work":"Aaron v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/aaron-v-sec/#aaron-v-sec-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"abington-school-district-v-schempp-q1","title":"Abington School District v. Schempp","text":"The test may be stated as follows: what are the purpose and the primary effect of the enactment? If either is the advancement or inhibition of religion then the enactment exceeds the scope of legislative power as circumscribed by the Constitution.","work":"Abington School District v. Schempp","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/abington-school-district-v-schempp/#abington-school-district-v-schempp-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"abington-school-district-v-schempp-q2","title":"Abington School District v. Schempp","text":"It certainly may be said that the Bible is worthy of study for its literary and historic qualities. Nothing we have said here indicates that such study of the Bible or of religion, when presented objectively as part of a secular program of education, may not be effected consistently with the First Amendment.","work":"Abington School District v. Schempp","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/abington-school-district-v-schempp/#abington-school-district-v-schempp-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"abington-school-district-v-schempp-q3","title":"Abington School District v. Schempp","text":"The place of religion in our society is an exalted one, achieved through a long tradition of reliance on the home, the church and the inviolable citadel of the individual heart and mind.","work":"Abington School District v. Schempp","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/abington-school-district-v-schempp/#abington-school-district-v-schempp-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"abington-school-district-v-schempp-q4","title":"Abington School District v. Schempp","text":"But untutored devotion to the concept of neutrality can lead to invocation or approval of results which partake not simply of that noninterference and noninvolvement with the religious which the Constitution commands, but of a brooding and pervasive devotion to the secular and a passive, or even active, hostility to the religious.","work":"Abington School District v. Schempp","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/abington-school-district-v-schempp/#abington-school-district-v-schempp-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"abington-school-district-v-schempp-q5","title":"Abington School District v. Schempp","text":"It is, I think, a fallacious oversimplification to regard these two provisions as establishing a single constitutional standard of 'separation of church and state,' which can be mechanically applied in every case to delineate the required boundaries between government and religion.","work":"Abington School District v. Schempp","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/abington-school-district-v-schempp/#abington-school-district-v-schempp-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"abington-school-district-v-schempp-q6","title":"Abington School District v. Schempp","text":"What our Constitution indispensably protects is the freedom of each of us, be he Jew or Agnostic, Christian or Atheist, Buddhist or Freethinker, to believe or disbelieve, to worship or not worship, to pray or keep silent, according to his own conscience, uncoerced and unrestrained by government.","work":"Abington School District v. Schempp","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/abington-school-district-v-schempp/#abington-school-district-v-schempp-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"adam-of-the-road-q1","title":"Adam of the Road","text":"A road's a kind of holy thing,","work":"Adam of the Road","author":"Elizabeth Janet Gray","url":"/works/adam-of-the-road/#adam-of-the-road-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"addington-v-texas-q1","title":"Addington v. Texas","text":"The question in this case is what standard of proof is required by the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution in a civil proceeding brought under state law to commit an individual involuntarily for an indefinite period to a state mental hospital.","work":"Addington v. Texas","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/addington-v-texas/#addington-v-texas-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"addington-v-texas-q2","title":"Addington v. Texas","text":"This Court repeatedly has recognized that civil commitment for any purpose constitutes a significant deprivation of liberty that requires due process protection.","work":"Addington v. Texas","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/addington-v-texas/#addington-v-texas-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"addington-v-texas-q3","title":"Addington v. Texas","text":"At one time or another every person exhibits some abnormal behavior which might be perceived by some as symptomatic of a mental or emotional disorder, but which is in fact within a range of conduct that is generally acceptable.","work":"Addington v. Texas","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/addington-v-texas/#addington-v-texas-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"addington-v-texas-q4","title":"Addington v. Texas","text":"The individual should not be asked to share equally with society the risk of error when the possible injury to the individual is significantly greater than any possible harm to the state.","work":"Addington v. Texas","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/addington-v-texas/#addington-v-texas-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"addington-v-texas-q5","title":"Addington v. Texas","text":"The subtleties and nuances of psychiatric diagnosis render certainties virtually beyond reach in most situations.","work":"Addington v. Texas","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/addington-v-texas/#addington-v-texas-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"addington-v-texas-q6","title":"Addington v. Texas","text":"The essence of federalism is that states must be free to develop a variety of solutions to problems and not be forced into a common, uniform mold.","work":"Addington v. Texas","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/addington-v-texas/#addington-v-texas-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"challenger-disaster-address-q1","title":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","text":"Today is a day for mourning and remembering.","work":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/challenger-disaster-address/#challenger-disaster-address-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"challenger-disaster-address-q2","title":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","text":"But they, the Challenger Seven, were aware of the dangers, but overcame them and did their jobs brilliantly.","work":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/challenger-disaster-address/#challenger-disaster-address-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"challenger-disaster-address-q3","title":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","text":"We've grown used to wonders in this century. It's hard to dazzle us.","work":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/challenger-disaster-address/#challenger-disaster-address-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"challenger-disaster-address-q4","title":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","text":"I know it is hard to understand, but sometimes painful things like this happen. It's all part of the process of exploration and discovery.","work":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/challenger-disaster-address/#challenger-disaster-address-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"challenger-disaster-address-q5","title":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","text":"The future doesn't belong to the fainthearted; it belongs to the brave.","work":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/challenger-disaster-address/#challenger-disaster-address-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"challenger-disaster-address-q6","title":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","text":"Nothing ends here; our hopes and our journeys continue.","work":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/challenger-disaster-address/#challenger-disaster-address-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"challenger-disaster-address-q7","title":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","text":"Well, today we can say of the Challenger crew: Their dedication was, like Drake's, complete.","work":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/challenger-disaster-address/#challenger-disaster-address-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"challenger-disaster-address-q8","title":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","text":"We will never forget them, nor the last time we saw them, this morning, as they prepared for their journey and waved goodbye and \"slipped the surly bonds of earth\" to \"touch the face of God.\"","work":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/challenger-disaster-address/#challenger-disaster-address-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"adventures-of-huckleberry-finn-q1","title":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","text":"Persons attempting to find a motive in this narrative will be prosecuted; persons attempting to find a moral in it will be banished; persons attempting to find a plot in it will be shot.","work":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/adventures-of-huckleberry-finn/#adventures-of-huckleberry-finn-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"adventures-of-huckleberry-finn-q2","title":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","text":"You don’t know about me without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer; but that ain’t no matter.","work":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/adventures-of-huckleberry-finn/#adventures-of-huckleberry-finn-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"adventures-of-huckleberry-finn-q3","title":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","text":"Dat truck dah is _trash;_ en trash is what people is dat puts dirt on de head er dey fren’s en makes ’em ashamed.","work":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/adventures-of-huckleberry-finn/#adventures-of-huckleberry-finn-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"adventures-of-huckleberry-finn-q4","title":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","text":"We said there warn’t no home like a raft, after all. Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft don’t. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft.","work":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/adventures-of-huckleberry-finn/#adventures-of-huckleberry-finn-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"adventures-of-huckleberry-finn-q5","title":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","text":"You can’t pray a lie—I found that out.","work":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/adventures-of-huckleberry-finn/#adventures-of-huckleberry-finn-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"adventures-of-huckleberry-finn-q6","title":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","text":"All right, then, I’ll _go_ to hell","work":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/adventures-of-huckleberry-finn/#adventures-of-huckleberry-finn-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"adventures-of-huckleberry-finn-q7","title":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","text":"Human beings _can_ be awful cruel to one another.","work":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/adventures-of-huckleberry-finn/#adventures-of-huckleberry-finn-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"adventures-of-huckleberry-finn-q8","title":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","text":"But I reckon I got to light out for the Territory ahead of the rest, because Aunt Sally she’s going to adopt me and sivilize me, and I can’t stand it. I been there before.","work":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/adventures-of-huckleberry-finn/#adventures-of-huckleberry-finn-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"aesops-fables-q1","title":"Aesop's Fables","text":"WOLF, meeting with a Lamb astray from the fold, resolved not to lay\nviolent hands on him, but to find some plea to justify to the Lamb the\nWolf’s right to eat him.","work":"Aesop's Fables","author":"Aesop","url":"/works/aesops-fables/#aesops-fables-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"aesops-fables-q2","title":"Aesop's Fables","text":"A LION was awakened from sleep by a Mouse running over his face.","work":"Aesop's Fables","author":"Aesop","url":"/works/aesops-fables/#aesops-fables-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"aesops-fables-q3","title":"Aesop's Fables","text":"A FATHER had a family of sons who were perpetually quarreling among\nthemselves.","work":"Aesop's Fables","author":"Aesop","url":"/works/aesops-fables/#aesops-fables-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"alices-adventures-in-wonderland-q1","title":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","text":"Curiouser and curiouser!","work":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/alices-adventures-in-wonderland/#alices-adventures-in-wonderland-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"alices-adventures-in-wonderland-q2","title":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","text":"But if I’m not the same, the next question is, Who in the world am I?","work":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/alices-adventures-in-wonderland/#alices-adventures-in-wonderland-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"alices-adventures-in-wonderland-q3","title":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","text":"we’re all mad here. I’m mad. You’re mad.","work":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/alices-adventures-in-wonderland/#alices-adventures-in-wonderland-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"alices-adventures-in-wonderland-q4","title":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","text":"Then you should say what you mean,","work":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/alices-adventures-in-wonderland/#alices-adventures-in-wonderland-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"alices-adventures-in-wonderland-q5","title":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","text":"Everything’s got a moral, if only you can find it.","work":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/alices-adventures-in-wonderland/#alices-adventures-in-wonderland-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"alices-adventures-in-wonderland-q6","title":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","text":"it’s no use going back to yesterday, because I was a different person then.","work":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/alices-adventures-in-wonderland/#alices-adventures-in-wonderland-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"alices-adventures-in-wonderland-q7","title":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","text":"Begin at the beginning,” the King said gravely, “and go on till you come to the end: then stop.","work":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/alices-adventures-in-wonderland/#alices-adventures-in-wonderland-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"alices-adventures-in-wonderland-q8","title":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","text":"Sentence first—verdict afterwards.","work":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/alices-adventures-in-wonderland/#alices-adventures-in-wonderland-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"alices-adventures-in-wonderland-q9","title":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","text":"You’re nothing but a pack of cards!","work":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/alices-adventures-in-wonderland/#alices-adventures-in-wonderland-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"all-quiet-on-the-western-front-q1","title":"All Quiet on the Western Front","text":"This book is to be neither an accusation nor a confession, and least of all an adventure, for death is not an adventure to those who stand face to face with it.","work":"All Quiet on the Western Front","author":"Erich Maria Remarque","url":"/works/all-quiet-on-the-western-front/#all-quiet-on-the-western-front-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"all-quiet-on-the-western-front-q2","title":"All Quiet on the Western Front","text":"The first bombardment showed us our mistake, and under it the world as they had taught it to us broke in pieces.","work":"All Quiet on the Western Front","author":"Erich Maria Remarque","url":"/works/all-quiet-on-the-western-front/#all-quiet-on-the-western-front-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"all-quiet-on-the-western-front-q3","title":"All Quiet on the Western Front","text":"We are none of us more than twenty years old. But young? Youth? That is long ago. We are old folk.","work":"All Quiet on the Western Front","author":"Erich Maria Remarque","url":"/works/all-quiet-on-the-western-front/#all-quiet-on-the-western-front-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"all-quiet-on-the-western-front-q4","title":"All Quiet on the Western Front","text":"To no man does the earth mean so much as to the soldier.","work":"All Quiet on the Western Front","author":"Erich Maria Remarque","url":"/works/all-quiet-on-the-western-front/#all-quiet-on-the-western-front-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"all-quiet-on-the-western-front-q5","title":"All Quiet on the Western Front","text":"We were eighteen and had begun to love life and the world; and we had to shoot it to pieces.","work":"All Quiet on the Western Front","author":"Erich Maria Remarque","url":"/works/all-quiet-on-the-western-front/#all-quiet-on-the-western-front-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"all-quiet-on-the-western-front-q6","title":"All Quiet on the Western Front","text":"Comrade, I did not want to kill you.","work":"All Quiet on the Western Front","author":"Erich Maria Remarque","url":"/works/all-quiet-on-the-western-front/#all-quiet-on-the-western-front-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"all-quiet-on-the-western-front-q7","title":"All Quiet on the Western Front","text":"A hospital alone shows what war is.","work":"All Quiet on the Western Front","author":"Erich Maria Remarque","url":"/works/all-quiet-on-the-western-front/#all-quiet-on-the-western-front-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"all-quiet-on-the-western-front-q8","title":"All Quiet on the Western Front","text":"He fell in October 1918, on a day that was so quiet and still on the whole front, that the army report confined itself to the single sentence: All quiet on the Western Front.","work":"All Quiet on the Western Front","author":"Erich Maria Remarque","url":"/works/all-quiet-on-the-western-front/#all-quiet-on-the-western-front-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"amos-fortune-free-man-q1","title":"Amos Fortune, Free Man","text":"Night came down swiftly over the equatorial forest.","work":"Amos Fortune, Free Man","author":"Elizabeth Yates","url":"/works/amos-fortune-free-man/#amos-fortune-free-man-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q1","title":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","text":"Be a philosopher; but, amidst all your philosophy, be still a man","work":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding/#an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q2","title":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","text":"The most lively thought is still inferior to the dullest sensation","work":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding/#an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q3","title":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","text":"All the objects of human reason or enquiry may naturally be divided into two kinds, to wit, _Relations of Ideas_, and _Matters of Fact","work":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding/#an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q4","title":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","text":"Custom, then, is the great guide of human life","work":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding/#an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q5","title":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","text":"nor has rhubarb always proved a purge, or opium a soporific to every one, who has taken these medicines","work":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding/#an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q6","title":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","text":"A man in health possesses more of it than one languishing with sickness. We are more master of our thoughts in the morning than in the evening: Fasting, than after a full meal","work":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding/#an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q7","title":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","text":"Mankind are so much the same, in all times and places, that history informs us of nothing new or strange in this particular","work":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding/#an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q8","title":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","text":"A wise man, therefore, proportions his belief to the evidence","work":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding/#an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q9","title":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","text":"If the falsehood of his testimony would be more miraculous, than the event which he relates; then, and not till then, can he pretend to command my belief or opinion","work":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding/#an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q10","title":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","text":"Nature is always too strong for principle","work":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding/#an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q11","title":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","text":"Commit it then to the flames: for it can contain nothing but sophistry and illusion","work":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding/#an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q1","title":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","text":"it is ambition enough to be employed as an under-labourer in clearing the ground a little, and removing some of the rubbish that lies in the way to knowledge","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding/#an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q2","title":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","text":"The Candle that is set up in us shines bright enough for all our purposes","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding/#an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q3","title":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","text":"Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white paper, void of all characters, without any ideas:—How comes it to be furnished","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding/#an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q4","title":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","text":"For they do not appear to me to have lost the faculty of reasoning, but having joined together some ideas very wrongly, they mistake them for truths; and they err as men do that argue right from wrong principles","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding/#an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q5","title":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","text":"a man who is very sober, and of a right understanding in all other things, may in one particular be as frantic as any in Bedlam","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding/#an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q6","title":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","text":"For the colour and taste of opium are, as well as its soporific or anodyne virtues, mere powers, depending on its primary qualities","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding/#an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q7","title":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","text":"it is but a supposed I know not what, to support those ideas we call accidents","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding/#an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q8","title":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","text":"every one sees he would be the same PERSON with the prince, accountable only for the prince’s actions: but who would say it was the same MAN","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding/#an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q9","title":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","text":"But is not a man drunk and sober the same person? why else is he punished for the fact he commits when drunk, though he be never afterwards conscious of it","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding/#an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q10","title":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","text":"use the consolations of reason in this case, and you were as good preach ease to one on the rack, and hope to allay, by rational discourses, the pain of his joints tearing asunder","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding/#an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q11","title":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","text":"A friend of mine knew one perfectly cured of madness by a very harsh and offensive operation","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding/#an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q12","title":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","text":"though in that chamber he could dance excellently well, yet it was only whilst that trunk was there","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding/#an-essay-concerning-human-understanding-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine-q1","title":"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine","text":"If a comparison were required to express my idea of the science of life, I should say that it is a superb and dazzlingly lighted hall which may be reached only by passing through a long and ghastly kitchen.","work":"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine","author":"Claude Bernard","url":"/works/bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine/#bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine-q2","title":"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine","text":"The great experimental principle, then, is doubt, that philosophic doubt which leaves to the mind its freedom and initiative, and from which the virtues most valuable to investigators in physiology and medicine are derived.","work":"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine","author":"Claude Bernard","url":"/works/bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine/#bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine-q3","title":"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine","text":"all such theories are false. They are only partial and provisional truths which are necessary to us, as steps on which we rest, so as to go on with investigation","work":"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine","author":"Claude Bernard","url":"/works/bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine/#bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine-q4","title":"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine","text":"The truly scientific spirit, then, should make us modest and kindly.","work":"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine","author":"Claude Bernard","url":"/works/bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine/#bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine-q5","title":"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine","text":"The principle of medical and surgical morality, therefore, consists in never performing on man an experiment which might be harmful to him to any extent, even though the result might be highly advantageous to science, i.e., to the health of others.","work":"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine","author":"Claude Bernard","url":"/works/bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine/#bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine-q6","title":"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine","text":"Have we the right to make experiments on animals and vivisect them? As for me, I think we have this right, wholly and absolutely.","work":"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine","author":"Claude Bernard","url":"/works/bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine/#bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine-q7","title":"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine","text":"I consider hospitals only as the entrance to scientific medicine; they are the first field of observation which a physician enters; but the true sanctuary of medical science is a laboratory","work":"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine","author":"Claude Bernard","url":"/works/bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine/#bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"animal-farm-q1","title":"Animal Farm","text":"Four legs good, two legs bad.","work":"Animal Farm","author":"George Orwell","url":"/works/animal-farm/#animal-farm-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"animal-farm-q2","title":"Animal Farm","text":"All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.","work":"Animal Farm","author":"George Orwell","url":"/works/animal-farm/#animal-farm-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"anne-of-green-gables-q1","title":"Anne of Green Gables","text":"there is so little scope for the imagination in an asylum--only just in the other orphans","work":"Anne of Green Gables","author":"L. M. Montgomery","url":"/works/anne-of-green-gables/#anne-of-green-gables-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"anne-of-green-gables-q2","title":"Anne of Green Gables","text":"Isn’t it splendid to think of all the things there are to find out about? It just makes me feel glad to be alive--it’s such an interesting world","work":"Anne of Green Gables","author":"L. M. Montgomery","url":"/works/anne-of-green-gables/#anne-of-green-gables-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"anne-of-green-gables-q3","title":"Anne of Green Gables","text":"I’m so glad I live in a world where there are Octobers","work":"Anne of Green Gables","author":"L. M. Montgomery","url":"/works/anne-of-green-gables/#anne-of-green-gables-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"anne-of-green-gables-q4","title":"Anne of Green Gables","text":"Marilla, isn’t it nice to think that tomorrow is a new day with no mistakes in it yet","work":"Anne of Green Gables","author":"L. M. Montgomery","url":"/works/anne-of-green-gables/#anne-of-green-gables-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"anne-of-green-gables-q5","title":"Anne of Green Gables","text":"Well now, I’d rather have you than a dozen boys, Anne","work":"Anne of Green Gables","author":"L. M. Montgomery","url":"/works/anne-of-green-gables/#anne-of-green-gables-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"anne-of-green-gables-q6","title":"Anne of Green Gables","text":"Dear old world,” she murmured, “you are very lovely, and I am glad to be alive in you","work":"Anne of Green Gables","author":"L. M. Montgomery","url":"/works/anne-of-green-gables/#anne-of-green-gables-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"anne-of-green-gables-q7","title":"Anne of Green Gables","text":"The joy of sincere work and worthy aspiration and congenial friendship were to be hers; nothing could rob her of her birthright of fancy or her ideal world of dreams. And there was always the bend in the road","work":"Anne of Green Gables","author":"L. M. Montgomery","url":"/works/anne-of-green-gables/#anne-of-green-gables-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"apologia-pro-vita-sua-q1","title":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","text":"I fell under the influences of a definite creed, and received into my intellect impressions of dogma, which, through God's mercy, have never been effaced or obscured.","work":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","author":"John Henry Newman","url":"/works/apologia-pro-vita-sua/#apologia-pro-vita-sua-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"apologia-pro-vita-sua-q2","title":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","text":"two and two only supreme and luminously self-evident beings, myself and my Creator","work":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","author":"John Henry Newman","url":"/works/apologia-pro-vita-sua/#apologia-pro-vita-sua-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"apologia-pro-vita-sua-q3","title":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","text":"I have a work to do in England.","work":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","author":"John Henry Newman","url":"/works/apologia-pro-vita-sua/#apologia-pro-vita-sua-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"apologia-pro-vita-sua-q4","title":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","text":"By those great words of the ancient Father, the theory of the _Via Media_ was absolutely pulverised.","work":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","author":"John Henry Newman","url":"/works/apologia-pro-vita-sua/#apologia-pro-vita-sua-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"apologia-pro-vita-sua-q5","title":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","text":"He who has seen a ghost, cannot be as if he had never seen it. The heavens had opened and closed again.","work":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","author":"John Henry Newman","url":"/works/apologia-pro-vita-sua/#apologia-pro-vita-sua-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"apologia-pro-vita-sua-q6","title":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","text":"I have never seen Oxford since, excepting its spires, as they are seen from the railway.","work":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","author":"John Henry Newman","url":"/works/apologia-pro-vita-sua/#apologia-pro-vita-sua-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"apologia-pro-vita-sua-q7","title":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","text":"it was like coming into port after a rough sea","work":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","author":"John Henry Newman","url":"/works/apologia-pro-vita-sua/#apologia-pro-vita-sua-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"apologia-pro-vita-sua-q8","title":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","text":"Ten thousand difficulties do not make one doubt, as I understand the subject; difficulty and doubt are incommensurate.","work":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","author":"John Henry Newman","url":"/works/apologia-pro-vita-sua/#apologia-pro-vita-sua-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"areopagitica-q1","title":"Areopagitica","text":"Who kills a man kills a reasonable creature, God's image; but he who destroys a good book, kills reason itself, kills the image of God, as it were in the eye.","work":"Areopagitica","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/areopagitica/#areopagitica-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"areopagitica-q2","title":"Areopagitica","text":"a good book is the precious life-blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life.","work":"Areopagitica","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/areopagitica/#areopagitica-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"areopagitica-q3","title":"Areopagitica","text":"I cannot praise a fugitive and cloistered virtue, unexercised and unbreathed, that never sallies out and sees her adversary but slinks out of the race, where that immortal garland is to be run for, not without dust and heat.","work":"Areopagitica","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/areopagitica/#areopagitica-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"areopagitica-q4","title":"Areopagitica","text":"that which purifies us is trial, and trial is by what is contrary.","work":"Areopagitica","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/areopagitica/#areopagitica-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"areopagitica-q5","title":"Areopagitica","text":"Truth indeed came once into the world with her divine Master, and was a perfect shape most glorious to look on","work":"Areopagitica","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/areopagitica/#areopagitica-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"areopagitica-q6","title":"Areopagitica","text":"Methinks I see in my mind a noble and puissant nation rousing herself like a strong man after sleep, and shaking her invincible locks","work":"Areopagitica","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/areopagitica/#areopagitica-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"areopagitica-q7","title":"Areopagitica","text":"Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties.","work":"Areopagitica","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/areopagitica/#areopagitica-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"areopagitica-q8","title":"Areopagitica","text":"Let her and Falsehood grapple; who ever knew Truth put to the worse, in a free and open encounter?","work":"Areopagitica","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/areopagitica/#areopagitica-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"around-the-world-in-eighty-days-q1","title":"Around the World in Eighty Days","text":"Phileas Fogg lived, in 1872, at No. 7, Saville Row, Burlington Gardens, the house in which Sheridan died in 1814.","work":"Around the World in Eighty Days","author":"Jules Verne","url":"/works/around-the-world-in-eighty-days/#around-the-world-in-eighty-days-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"around-the-world-in-eighty-days-q2","title":"Around the World in Eighty Days","text":"Passepartout, a surname which has clung to me because I have a natural aptness for going out of one business into another.","work":"Around the World in Eighty Days","author":"Jules Verne","url":"/works/around-the-world-in-eighty-days/#around-the-world-in-eighty-days-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"as-you-like-it-q1","title":"As You Like It","text":"Sweet are the uses of adversity, Which, like the toad, ugly and venomous, Wears yet a precious jewel in his head","work":"As You Like It","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/as-you-like-it/#as-you-like-it-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"as-you-like-it-q2","title":"As You Like It","text":"Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, Sermons in stones, and good in everything.","work":"As You Like It","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/as-you-like-it/#as-you-like-it-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"as-you-like-it-q3","title":"As You Like It","text":"He that doth the ravens feed, Yea, providently caters for the sparrow, Be comfort to my age.","work":"As You Like It","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/as-you-like-it/#as-you-like-it-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"as-you-like-it-q4","title":"As You Like It","text":"All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts","work":"As You Like It","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/as-you-like-it/#as-you-like-it-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"as-you-like-it-q5","title":"As You Like It","text":"Last scene of all, That ends this strange eventful history, Is second childishness and mere oblivion, Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.","work":"As You Like It","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/as-you-like-it/#as-you-like-it-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"as-you-like-it-q6","title":"As You Like It","text":"Love is merely a madness, and, I tell you, deserves as well a dark house and a whip as madmen do","work":"As You Like It","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/as-you-like-it/#as-you-like-it-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"as-you-like-it-q7","title":"As You Like It","text":"it is a melancholy of mine own, compounded of many simples, extracted from many objects","work":"As You Like It","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/as-you-like-it/#as-you-like-it-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"as-you-like-it-q8","title":"As You Like It","text":"Men have died from time to time and worms have eaten them, but not for love.","work":"As You Like It","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/as-you-like-it/#as-you-like-it-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics-q1","title":"Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.","text":"For the reasons that follow, we hold that a naturally occurring DNA segment is a product of nature and not patent eligible merely because it has been isolated, but that cDNA is patent eligible because it is not naturally occurring.","work":"Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics/#association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics-q2","title":"Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.","text":"To be sure, it found an important and useful gene, but separating that gene from its surrounding genetic material is not an act of invention.","work":"Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics/#association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics-q3","title":"Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.","text":"Groundbreaking, innovative, or even brilliant discovery does not by itself satisfy the §101 inquiry.","work":"Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics/#association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics-q4","title":"Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.","text":"That may be so, but the lab technician unquestionably creates something new when cDNA is made.","work":"Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics/#association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics-q5","title":"Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.","text":"We merely hold that genes and the information they encode are not patent eligible under §101 simply because they have been isolated from the surrounding genetic material.","work":"Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics/#association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics-q6","title":"Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.","text":"It suffices for me to affirm, having studied the opinions below and the expert briefs presented here, that the portion of DNA isolated from its natural state sought to be patented is identical to that portion of the DNA in its natural state; and that complementary DNA (cDNA) is a synthetic creation not normally present in nature.","work":"Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics/#association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"atlanta-exposition-address-q1","title":"Atlanta Exposition Address","text":"The answer from the friendly vessel at once came back, “Cast down your bucket where you are.”","work":"Atlanta Exposition Address","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/atlanta-exposition-address/#atlanta-exposition-address-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"atlanta-exposition-address-q2","title":"Atlanta Exposition Address","text":"No race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem. It is at the bottom of life we must begin, and not at the top.","work":"Atlanta Exposition Address","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/atlanta-exposition-address/#atlanta-exposition-address-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"atlanta-exposition-address-q3","title":"Atlanta Exposition Address","text":"Nor should we permit our grievances to overshadow our opportunities.","work":"Atlanta Exposition Address","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/atlanta-exposition-address/#atlanta-exposition-address-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"atlanta-exposition-address-q4","title":"Atlanta Exposition Address","text":"In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress.","work":"Atlanta Exposition Address","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/atlanta-exposition-address/#atlanta-exposition-address-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"atlanta-exposition-address-q5","title":"Atlanta Exposition Address","text":"There is no defence or security for any of us except in the highest intelligence and development of all.","work":"Atlanta Exposition Address","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/atlanta-exposition-address/#atlanta-exposition-address-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"atlanta-exposition-address-q6","title":"Atlanta Exposition Address","text":"It is important and right that all privileges of the law be ours, but it is vastly more important that we be prepared for the exercises of these privileges.","work":"Atlanta Exposition Address","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/atlanta-exposition-address/#atlanta-exposition-address-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"atlanta-exposition-address-q7","title":"Atlanta Exposition Address","text":"The opportunity to earn a dollar in a factory just now is worth infinitely more than the opportunity to spend a dollar in an opera-house.","work":"Atlanta Exposition Address","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/atlanta-exposition-address/#atlanta-exposition-address-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"franklin-autobiography-and-poor-richard-q1","title":"Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack","text":"early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise","work":"Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack","author":"Benjamin Franklin","url":"/works/franklin-autobiography-and-poor-richard/#franklin-autobiography-and-poor-richard-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie-q1","title":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","text":"I have made millions since, but none of those millions gave me such happiness as my first week's earnings.","work":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","author":"Andrew Carnegie","url":"/works/autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie/#autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie-q2","title":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","text":"the cloud had a silver lining, as it gave me the feeling that I was doing something for my world--our family.","work":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","author":"Andrew Carnegie","url":"/works/autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie/#autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie-q3","title":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","text":"I was lifted into paradise, yes, heaven, as it seemed to me, with newspapers, pens, pencils, and sunshine about me.","work":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","author":"Andrew Carnegie","url":"/works/autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie/#autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie-q4","title":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","text":"Colonel James Anderson--I bless his name as I write--announced that he would open his library of four hundred volumes to boys","work":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","author":"Andrew Carnegie","url":"/works/autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie/#autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie-q5","title":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","text":"to put all good eggs in one basket and then watch that basket.","work":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","author":"Andrew Carnegie","url":"/works/autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie/#autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie-q6","title":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","text":"Nothing I have ever had to meet in all my life, before or since, wounded me so deeply.","work":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","author":"Andrew Carnegie","url":"/works/autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie/#autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie-q7","title":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","text":"I resolved to stop accumulating and begin the infinitely more serious and difficult task of wise distribution.","work":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","author":"Andrew Carnegie","url":"/works/autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie/#autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"baker-v-carr-q1","title":"Baker v. Carr","text":"We hold that this challenge to an apportionment presents no nonjusticiable \"political question.\"","work":"Baker v. Carr","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/baker-v-carr/#baker-v-carr-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"baker-v-carr-q2","title":"Baker v. Carr","text":"The nonjusticiability of a political question is primarily a function of the separation of powers.","work":"Baker v. Carr","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/baker-v-carr/#baker-v-carr-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"baker-v-carr-q3","title":"Baker v. Carr","text":"Deciding whether a matter has in any measure been committed by the Constitution to another branch of government, or whether the action of that branch exceeds whatever authority has been committed, is itself a delicate exercise in constitutional interpretation, and is a responsibility of this Court as ultimate interpreter of the Constitution.","work":"Baker v. Carr","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/baker-v-carr/#baker-v-carr-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"baker-v-carr-q4","title":"Baker v. Carr","text":"The doctrine of which we treat is one of \"political questions,\" not one of \"political cases.\"","work":"Baker v. Carr","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/baker-v-carr/#baker-v-carr-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"baker-v-carr-q5","title":"Baker v. Carr","text":"The Court's authority — possessed of neither the purse nor the sword — ultimately rests on sustained public confidence in its moral sanction.","work":"Baker v. Carr","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/baker-v-carr/#baker-v-carr-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"baker-v-carr-q6","title":"Baker v. Carr","text":"In a democratic society like ours, relief must come through an aroused popular conscience that sears the conscience of the people's representatives.","work":"Baker v. Carr","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/baker-v-carr/#baker-v-carr-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"barron-v-baltimore-q1","title":"Barron v. Baltimore","text":"The question thus presented is, we think, of great importance, but not of much difficulty.","work":"Barron v. Baltimore","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/barron-v-baltimore/#barron-v-baltimore-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"barron-v-baltimore-q2","title":"Barron v. Baltimore","text":"The Constitution was ordained and established by the people of the United States for themselves, for their own government, and not for the government of the individual States.","work":"Barron v. Baltimore","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/barron-v-baltimore/#barron-v-baltimore-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"barron-v-baltimore-q3","title":"Barron v. Baltimore","text":"If these propositions be correct, the fifth amendment must be understood as restraining the power of the General Government, not as applicable to the States.","work":"Barron v. Baltimore","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/barron-v-baltimore/#barron-v-baltimore-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"barron-v-baltimore-q4","title":"Barron v. Baltimore","text":"These amendments demanded security against the apprehended encroachments of the General Government — not against those of the local governments.","work":"Barron v. Baltimore","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/barron-v-baltimore/#barron-v-baltimore-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"barron-v-baltimore-q5","title":"Barron v. Baltimore","text":"These amendments contain no expression indicating an intention to apply them to the State governments. This court cannot so apply them.","work":"Barron v. Baltimore","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/barron-v-baltimore/#barron-v-baltimore-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"basic-inc-v-levinson-q1","title":"Basic Inc. v. Levinson","text":"It is not enough that a statement is false or incomplete, if the misrepresented fact is otherwise insignificant.","work":"Basic Inc. v. Levinson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/basic-inc-v-levinson/#basic-inc-v-levinson-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"basic-inc-v-levinson-q2","title":"Basic Inc. v. Levinson","text":"Under such circumstances, materiality \"will depend at any given time upon a balancing of both the indicated probability that the event will occur and the anticipated magnitude of the event in light of the totality of the company activity.","work":"Basic Inc. v. Levinson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/basic-inc-v-levinson/#basic-inc-v-levinson-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"basic-inc-v-levinson-q3","title":"Basic Inc. v. Levinson","text":"The modern securities markets, literally involving millions of shares changing hands daily, differ from the face-to-face transactions contemplated by early fraud cases, and our understanding of Rule 10b-5's reliance requirement must encompass these differences.","work":"Basic Inc. v. Levinson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/basic-inc-v-levinson/#basic-inc-v-levinson-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"basic-inc-v-levinson-q4","title":"Basic Inc. v. Levinson","text":"Any showing that severs the link between the alleged misrepresentation and either the price received (or paid) by the plaintiff, or his decision to trade at a fair market price, will be sufficient to rebut the presumption of reliance.","work":"Basic Inc. v. Levinson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/basic-inc-v-levinson/#basic-inc-v-levinson-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"basic-inc-v-levinson-q5","title":"Basic Inc. v. Levinson","text":"Yet today, the Court embraces this theory with the sweeping confidence usually reserved for more mature legal doctrines.","work":"Basic Inc. v. Levinson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/basic-inc-v-levinson/#basic-inc-v-levinson-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"basic-inc-v-levinson-q6","title":"Basic Inc. v. Levinson","text":"But with no staff economists, no experts schooled in the \"efficient-capital-market hypothesis,\" no ability to test the validity of empirical market studies, we are not well equipped to embrace novel constructions of a statute based on contemporary microeconomic theory.","work":"Basic Inc. v. Levinson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/basic-inc-v-levinson/#basic-inc-v-levinson-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"because-i-could-not-stop-for-death-q1","title":"Because I could not stop for Death","text":"Because I could not stop for Death, He kindly stopped for me; The carriage held but just ourselves And Immortality.","work":"Because I could not stop for Death","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/because-i-could-not-stop-for-death/#because-i-could-not-stop-for-death-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"because-i-could-not-stop-for-death-q2","title":"Because I could not stop for Death","text":"We slowly drove, he knew no haste, And I had put away My labor, and my leisure too, For his civility.","work":"Because I could not stop for Death","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/because-i-could-not-stop-for-death/#because-i-could-not-stop-for-death-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"because-i-could-not-stop-for-death-q3","title":"Because I could not stop for Death","text":"We passed the school where children played, Their lessons scarcely done; We passed the fields of gazing grain, We passed the setting sun.","work":"Because I could not stop for Death","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/because-i-could-not-stop-for-death/#because-i-could-not-stop-for-death-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"because-i-could-not-stop-for-death-q4","title":"Because I could not stop for Death","text":"We paused before a house that seemed A swelling of the ground;","work":"Because I could not stop for Death","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/because-i-could-not-stop-for-death/#because-i-could-not-stop-for-death-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"because-i-could-not-stop-for-death-q5","title":"Because I could not stop for Death","text":"Since then 't is centuries; but each Feels shorter than the day I first surmised the horses' heads Were toward eternity.","work":"Because I could not stop for Death","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/because-i-could-not-stop-for-death/#because-i-could-not-stop-for-death-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"bedtime-for-frances-q1","title":"Bedtime for Frances","text":"The big hand of the clock is at 12. The little hand is at 7. It is seven o'clock. It is bedtime for Frances.","work":"Bedtime for Frances","author":"Russell Hoban","url":"/works/bedtime-for-frances/#bedtime-for-frances-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"beowulf-q1","title":"Beowulf","text":"Lo! the Spear-Danes' glory through splendid achievements The folk-kings' former fame we have heard of, How princes displayed then their prowess-in-battle","work":"Beowulf","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/beowulf/#beowulf-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"beyond-good-and-evil-q1","title":"Beyond Good and Evil","text":"SUPPOSING that Truth is a woman--what then","work":"Beyond Good and Evil","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/#beyond-good-and-evil-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"beyond-good-and-evil-q2","title":"Beyond Good and Evil","text":"every great philosophy up till now has consisted of--namely, the confession of its originator, and a species of involuntary and unconscious auto-biography","work":"Beyond Good and Evil","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/#beyond-good-and-evil-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"beyond-good-and-evil-q3","title":"Beyond Good and Evil","text":"A living thing seeks above all to DISCHARGE its strength--life itself is WILL TO POWER; self-preservation is only one of the indirect and most frequent RESULTS thereof","work":"Beyond Good and Evil","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/#beyond-good-and-evil-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"beyond-good-and-evil-q4","title":"Beyond Good and Evil","text":"a thought comes when \"it\" wishes, and not when \"I\" wish","work":"Beyond Good and Evil","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/#beyond-good-and-evil-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"beyond-good-and-evil-q5","title":"Beyond Good and Evil","text":"Wherever the religious neurosis has appeared on the earth so far, we find it connected with three dangerous prescriptions as to regimen: solitude, fasting, and sexual abstinence","work":"Beyond Good and Evil","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/#beyond-good-and-evil-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"beyond-good-and-evil-q6","title":"Beyond Good and Evil","text":"I did that,\" says my memory. \"I could not have done that,\" says my pride, and remains inexorable. Eventually--the memory yields","work":"Beyond Good and Evil","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/#beyond-good-and-evil-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"beyond-good-and-evil-q7","title":"Beyond Good and Evil","text":"There is no such thing as moral phenomena, but only a moral interpretation of phenomena","work":"Beyond Good and Evil","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/#beyond-good-and-evil-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"beyond-good-and-evil-q8","title":"Beyond Good and Evil","text":"He who fights with monsters should be careful lest he thereby become a monster. And if thou gaze long into an abyss, the abyss will also gaze into thee","work":"Beyond Good and Evil","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/#beyond-good-and-evil-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"beyond-good-and-evil-q9","title":"Beyond Good and Evil","text":"Objection, evasion, joyous distrust, and love of irony are signs of health; everything absolute belongs to pathology","work":"Beyond Good and Evil","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/#beyond-good-and-evil-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"beyond-good-and-evil-q10","title":"Beyond Good and Evil","text":"Insanity in individuals is something rare--but in groups, parties, nations, and epochs it is the rule","work":"Beyond Good and Evil","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/#beyond-good-and-evil-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"beyond-good-and-evil-q11","title":"Beyond Good and Evil","text":"The thought of suicide is a great consolation: by means of it one gets successfully through many a bad night","work":"Beyond Good and Evil","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/#beyond-good-and-evil-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"beyond-good-and-evil-q12","title":"Beyond Good and Evil","text":"skepticism is the most spiritual expression of a certain many-sided physiological temperament, which in ordinary language is called nervous debility and sickliness","work":"Beyond Good and Evil","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/#beyond-good-and-evil-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"beyond-good-and-evil-q13","title":"Beyond Good and Evil","text":"The discipline of suffering, of GREAT suffering--know ye not that it is only THIS discipline that has produced all the elevations of humanity hitherto","work":"Beyond Good and Evil","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/#beyond-good-and-evil-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"beyond-good-and-evil-q14","title":"Beyond Good and Evil","text":"There is MASTER-MORALITY and SLAVE-MORALITY","work":"Beyond Good and Evil","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/#beyond-good-and-evil-q14"},{"type":"quote","id":"billy-budd-and-other-stories-q1","title":"Billy Budd and Other Stories","text":"I would prefer not to","work":"Billy Budd and Other Stories","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/billy-budd-and-other-stories/#billy-budd-and-other-stories-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"billy-budd-and-other-stories-q2","title":"Billy Budd and Other Stories","text":"Dead letters! does it not sound like dead men","work":"Billy Budd and Other Stories","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/billy-budd-and-other-stories/#billy-budd-and-other-stories-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"billy-budd-and-other-stories-q3","title":"Billy Budd and Other Stories","text":"Ah, Bartleby! Ah, humanity","work":"Billy Budd and Other Stories","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/billy-budd-and-other-stories/#billy-budd-and-other-stories-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"billy-budd-and-other-stories-q4","title":"Billy Budd and Other Stories","text":"the negro","work":"Billy Budd and Other Stories","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/billy-budd-and-other-stories/#billy-budd-and-other-stories-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"billy-budd-and-other-stories-q5","title":"Billy Budd and Other Stories","text":"Struck dead by an angel of God. Yet the angel must hang","work":"Billy Budd and Other Stories","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/billy-budd-and-other-stories/#billy-budd-and-other-stories-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"billy-budd-and-other-stories-q6","title":"Billy Budd and Other Stories","text":"God bless Captain Vere","work":"Billy Budd and Other Stories","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/billy-budd-and-other-stories/#billy-budd-and-other-stories-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"black-beauty-q1","title":"Black Beauty","text":"The first place that I can well remember was a large pleasant meadow with a pond of clear water in it","work":"Black Beauty","author":"Anna Sewell","url":"/works/black-beauty/#black-beauty-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"black-beauty-q2","title":"Black Beauty","text":"I hope you will grow up gentle and good, and never learn bad ways; do your work with a good will, lift up your feet when you trot, and never bite or kick even in play.","work":"Black Beauty","author":"Anna Sewell","url":"/works/black-beauty/#black-beauty-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"black-ships-before-troy-q1","title":"Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad","text":"All she did—it seemed a small thing—was to toss down on the table a golden apple.","work":"Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad","author":"Rosemary Sutcliff","url":"/works/black-ships-before-troy/#black-ships-before-troy-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"bleak-house-q1","title":"Bleak House","text":"Fog everywhere. Fog up the river, where it flows among green aits and meadows; fog down the river, where it rolls defiled among the tiers of shipping and the waterside pollutions of a great (and dirty) city.","work":"Bleak House","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/bleak-house/#bleak-house-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"bleak-house-q2","title":"Bleak House","text":"Suffer any wrong that can be done you rather than come here!","work":"Bleak House","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/bleak-house/#bleak-house-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"bleak-house-q3","title":"Bleak House","text":"I have a great deal of difficulty in beginning to write my portion of these pages, for I know I am not clever.","work":"Bleak House","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/bleak-house/#bleak-house-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"bleak-house-q4","title":"Bleak House","text":"He wos wery good to me, he wos!","work":"Bleak House","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/bleak-house/#bleak-house-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"bleak-house-q5","title":"Bleak House","text":"The one great principle of the English law is to make business for itself.","work":"Bleak House","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/bleak-house/#bleak-house-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"bleak-house-q6","title":"Bleak House","text":"Dead, your Majesty. Dead, my lords and gentlemen. Dead, right reverends and wrong reverends of every order. Dead, men and women, born with heavenly compassion in your hearts. And dying thus around us every day.","work":"Bleak House","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/bleak-house/#bleak-house-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"bleak-house-q7","title":"Bleak House","text":"In Bleak House I have purposely dwelt upon the romantic side of familiar things.","work":"Bleak House","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/bleak-house/#bleak-house-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"bliss-and-other-stories-q1","title":"Bliss and Other Stories","text":"There was not an inch of room for Lottie and Kezia in the buggy.","work":"Bliss and Other Stories","author":"Katherine Mansfield","url":"/works/bliss-and-other-stories/#bliss-and-other-stories-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"bliss-and-other-stories-q2","title":"Bliss and Other Stories","text":"The curving leaves seemed to be hiding something; the blind stem cut into the air as if no wind could ever shake it.","work":"Bliss and Other Stories","author":"Katherine Mansfield","url":"/works/bliss-and-other-stories/#bliss-and-other-stories-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"bliss-and-other-stories-q3","title":"Bliss and Other Stories","text":"My name is Raoul Duquette. I am twenty-six years old and a Parisian, a true Parisian.","work":"Bliss and Other Stories","author":"Katherine Mansfield","url":"/works/bliss-and-other-stories/#bliss-and-other-stories-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"bliss-and-other-stories-q4","title":"Bliss and Other Stories","text":"Although Bertha Young was thirty she still had moments like this when she wanted to run instead of walk, to take dancing steps on and off the pavement, to bowl a hoop, to throw something up in the air and catch it again, or to stand still and laugh at—nothing—at nothing, simply.","work":"Bliss and Other Stories","author":"Katherine Mansfield","url":"/works/bliss-and-other-stories/#bliss-and-other-stories-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"bliss-and-other-stories-q5","title":"Bliss and Other Stories","text":"But the pear tree was as lovely as ever and as full of flower and as still.","work":"Bliss and Other Stories","author":"Katherine Mansfield","url":"/works/bliss-and-other-stories/#bliss-and-other-stories-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"bliss-and-other-stories-q6","title":"Bliss and Other Stories","text":"It is only the wind shaking the house, rattling the windows, banging a piece of iron on the roof and making her bed tremble.","work":"Bliss and Other Stories","author":"Katherine Mansfield","url":"/works/bliss-and-other-stories/#bliss-and-other-stories-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"bliss-and-other-stories-q7","title":"Bliss and Other Stories","text":"And then, after six years, she saw him again.","work":"Bliss and Other Stories","author":"Katherine Mansfield","url":"/works/bliss-and-other-stories/#bliss-and-other-stories-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"bliss-and-other-stories-q8","title":"Bliss and Other Stories","text":"Deep, deep, he sank into the silence, staring at the tree and waiting for the voice that came floating, falling, until he felt himself enfolded.","work":"Bliss and Other Stories","author":"Katherine Mansfield","url":"/works/bliss-and-other-stories/#bliss-and-other-stories-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"botchan-q1","title":"Botchan","text":"Because of an hereditary recklessness, I have been playing always a losing game since my childhood.","work":"Botchan","author":"Natsume Sōseki","url":"/works/botchan/#botchan-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"botchan-q2","title":"Botchan","text":"Kiyo has been praising me as unselfish and straight, but she is a person of sterling qualities far more than I whom she praises.","work":"Botchan","author":"Natsume Sōseki","url":"/works/botchan/#botchan-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"botchan-q3","title":"Botchan","text":"Just think,—if the honest does not win, what else is there in this world that will win?","work":"Botchan","author":"Natsume Sōseki","url":"/works/botchan/#botchan-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"botchan-q4","title":"Botchan","text":"They seem to believe that one must do wrong in order to succeed.","work":"Botchan","author":"Natsume Sōseki","url":"/works/botchan/#botchan-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"botchan-q5","title":"Botchan","text":"Master Darling is simple and straight like a split bamboo by disposition,” it says, “only too explosive.","work":"Botchan","author":"Natsume Sōseki","url":"/works/botchan/#botchan-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"botchan-q6","title":"Botchan","text":"A man deserves no confidence unless he is as straight as the bamboo.","work":"Botchan","author":"Natsume Sōseki","url":"/works/botchan/#botchan-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"botchan-q7","title":"Botchan","text":"So Kiyo’s grave is in the Yogen temple at Kobinata.","work":"Botchan","author":"Natsume Sōseki","url":"/works/botchan/#botchan-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"brown-v-board-of-education-q1","title":"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka","text":"In approaching this problem, we cannot turn the clock back to 1868, when the Amendment was adopted, or even to 1896, when Plessy v. Ferguson was written.","work":"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/brown-v-board-of-education/#brown-v-board-of-education-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"brown-v-board-of-education-q2","title":"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka","text":"Today, education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments.","work":"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/brown-v-board-of-education/#brown-v-board-of-education-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"brown-v-board-of-education-q3","title":"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka","text":"Such an opportunity, where the state has undertaken to provide it, is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms.","work":"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/brown-v-board-of-education/#brown-v-board-of-education-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"brown-v-board-of-education-q4","title":"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka","text":"Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other \"tangible\" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does.","work":"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/brown-v-board-of-education/#brown-v-board-of-education-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"brown-v-board-of-education-q5","title":"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka","text":"To separate them from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone.","work":"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/brown-v-board-of-education/#brown-v-board-of-education-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"brown-v-board-of-education-q6","title":"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka","text":"We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of \"separate but equal\" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.","work":"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/brown-v-board-of-education/#brown-v-board-of-education-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"buck-v-bell-q1","title":"Buck v. Bell","text":"There can be no doubt that so far as procedure is concerned the rights of the patient are most carefully considered","work":"Buck v. Bell","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/buck-v-bell/#buck-v-bell-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"buck-v-bell-q2","title":"Buck v. Bell","text":"We have seen more than once that the public welfare may call upon the best citizens for their lives.","work":"Buck v. Bell","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/buck-v-bell/#buck-v-bell-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"buck-v-bell-q3","title":"Buck v. Bell","text":"The principle that sustains compulsory vaccination is broad enough to cover cutting the Fallopian tubes.","work":"Buck v. Bell","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/buck-v-bell/#buck-v-bell-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"buck-v-bell-q4","title":"Buck v. Bell","text":"Three generations of imbeciles are enough.","work":"Buck v. Bell","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/buck-v-bell/#buck-v-bell-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"buck-v-bell-q5","title":"Buck v. Bell","text":"It is the usual last resort of constitutional arguments to point out shortcomings of this sort.","work":"Buck v. Bell","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/buck-v-bell/#buck-v-bell-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"buck-v-bell-q6","title":"Buck v. Bell","text":"Mr. Justice BUTLER dissents.","work":"Buck v. Bell","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/buck-v-bell/#buck-v-bell-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"caedmons-hymn-q1","title":"Cædmon's Hymn","text":"Now shall we praise the Prince of heaven, The might of the Maker and his manifold thought","work":"Cædmon's Hymn","author":"Cædmon","url":"/works/caedmons-hymn/#caedmons-hymn-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"caedmons-hymn-q2","title":"Cædmon's Hymn","text":"He first raised up for the race of men The heaven as a roof, the holy Ruler.","work":"Cædmon's Hymn","author":"Cædmon","url":"/works/caedmons-hymn/#caedmons-hymn-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"caedmons-hymn-q3","title":"Cædmon's Hymn","text":"Then the world below, the Ward of mankind, The Lord everlasting, at last established As a home for man, the Almighty Lord.","work":"Cædmon's Hymn","author":"Cædmon","url":"/works/caedmons-hymn/#caedmons-hymn-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"caedmons-hymn-q4","title":"Cædmon's Hymn","text":"Cædmon, sing me something.","work":"Cædmon's Hymn","author":"Cædmon","url":"/works/caedmons-hymn/#caedmons-hymn-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"caedmons-hymn-q5","title":"Cædmon's Hymn","text":"Sing to me of the beginning of things.","work":"Cædmon's Hymn","author":"Cædmon","url":"/works/caedmons-hymn/#caedmons-hymn-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"caedmons-hymn-q6","title":"Cædmon's Hymn","text":"his instruction in poetry was not at all from men, nor through the aid of any man, but it was through divine inspiration and as a gift from God that he received the power of song","work":"Cædmon's Hymn","author":"Cædmon","url":"/works/caedmons-hymn/#caedmons-hymn-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"caedmons-hymn-q7","title":"Cædmon's Hymn","text":"just as a clean beast chews on a cud, transformed it into the sweetest of poetry","work":"Cædmon's Hymn","author":"Cædmon","url":"/works/caedmons-hymn/#caedmons-hymn-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"cannery-row-q1","title":"Cannery Row","text":"Cannery Row in Monterey in California is a poem, a stink, a grating noise, a quality of light, a tone, a habit, a nostalgia, a dream.","work":"Cannery Row","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/cannery-row/#cannery-row-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"caps-for-sale-q1","title":"Caps for Sale","text":"But nobody wanted any caps that morning. Nobody wanted even a red cap.","work":"Caps for Sale","author":"Esphyr Slobodkina","url":"/works/caps-for-sale/#caps-for-sale-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"caps-for-sale-q2","title":"Caps for Sale","text":"slowly, slowly, so as not to upset his caps.","work":"Caps for Sale","author":"Esphyr Slobodkina","url":"/works/caps-for-sale/#caps-for-sale-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"captains-courageous-q1","title":"Captains Courageous","text":"Never you be led astray by hasty jedgments, Dan","work":"Captains Courageous","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/captains-courageous/#captains-courageous-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"captains-courageous-q2","title":"Captains Courageous","text":"So I'm here to say I'm sorry","work":"Captains Courageous","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/captains-courageous/#captains-courageous-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"captains-courageous-q3","title":"Captains Courageous","text":"The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away; blessed be the name of the Lord! I was--I am a minister of the Gospel. Leave him to me","work":"Captains Courageous","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/captains-courageous/#captains-courageous-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"captains-courageous-q4","title":"Captains Courageous","text":"The boys they make believe all the time till they've cheated 'emselves into bein' men, an' so till they die--pretendin' an' pretendin","work":"Captains Courageous","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/captains-courageous/#captains-courageous-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"captains-courageous-q5","title":"Captains Courageous","text":"I can handle men, of course, and I'm no fool along my own lines, but--but--I can't compete with the man who has been taught","work":"Captains Courageous","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/captains-courageous/#captains-courageous-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"captains-courageous-q6","title":"Captains Courageous","text":"Master--man. Man--master,\" said he. \"You remember, Dan Troop, what I said? On the _We're Here","work":"Captains Courageous","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/captains-courageous/#captains-courageous-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"carmilla-q1","title":"Carmilla","text":"In Styria, we, though by no means magnificent people, inhabit a castle, or schloss.","work":"Carmilla","author":"J. Sheridan Le Fanu","url":"/works/carmilla/#carmilla-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"carmilla-q2","title":"Carmilla","text":"Lord hear all good prayers for us, for Jesus’ sake.","work":"Carmilla","author":"J. Sheridan Le Fanu","url":"/works/carmilla/#carmilla-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"carmilla-q3","title":"Carmilla","text":"I live in your warm life, and you shall die—die, sweetly die—into mine.","work":"Carmilla","author":"J. Sheridan Le Fanu","url":"/works/carmilla/#carmilla-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"carmilla-q4","title":"Carmilla","text":"There! That comes of strangling people with hymns!","work":"Carmilla","author":"J. Sheridan Le Fanu","url":"/works/carmilla/#carmilla-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"carmilla-q5","title":"Carmilla","text":"Love will have its sacrifices. No sacrifice without blood.","work":"Carmilla","author":"J. Sheridan Le Fanu","url":"/works/carmilla/#carmilla-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"carmilla-q6","title":"Carmilla","text":"A strange melancholy was stealing over me","work":"Carmilla","author":"J. Sheridan Le Fanu","url":"/works/carmilla/#carmilla-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"carmilla-q7","title":"Carmilla","text":"The vampire is prone to be fascinated with an engrossing vehemence, resembling the passion of love, by particular persons.","work":"Carmilla","author":"J. Sheridan Le Fanu","url":"/works/carmilla/#carmilla-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"carmilla-q8","title":"Carmilla","text":"fancying I heard the light step of Carmilla at the drawing room door.","work":"Carmilla","author":"J. Sheridan Le Fanu","url":"/works/carmilla/#carmilla-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"carry-on-mr-bowditch-q1","title":"Carry On, Mr. Bowditch","text":"A strong man sails by ash breeze!","work":"Carry On, Mr. Bowditch","author":"Jean Lee Latham","url":"/works/carry-on-mr-bowditch/#carry-on-mr-bowditch-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha-q1","title":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","text":"For the glory of wealth and beauty is fleeting and perishable; that of intellectual power is illustrious and immortal.","work":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","author":"Sallust (Gaius Sallustius Crispus)","url":"/works/sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha/#sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha-q2","title":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","text":"At first the love of money, and then that of power, began to prevail, and these became, as it were, the sources of every evil.","work":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","author":"Sallust (Gaius Sallustius Crispus)","url":"/works/sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha/#sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha-q3","title":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","text":"For his guilty mind, at peace with neither gods nor men, found no comfort either waking or sleeping; so effectually did conscience desolate his tortured spirit.","work":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","author":"Sallust (Gaius Sallustius Crispus)","url":"/works/sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha/#sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha-q4","title":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","text":"When the mind is freely exerted, its reasoning is sound; but passion, if it gain possession of it, becomes its tyrant, and reason is powerless.","work":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","author":"Sallust (Gaius Sallustius Crispus)","url":"/works/sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha/#sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha-q5","title":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","text":"for to lavish the property of others is called generosity, and audacity in wickedness is called heroism; and hence the state is reduced to the brink of ruin.","work":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","author":"Sallust (Gaius Sallustius Crispus)","url":"/works/sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha/#sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha-q6","title":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","text":"he was more desirous to be, than to appear, virtuous; and thus, the less he courted popularity, the more it pursued him.","work":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","author":"Sallust (Gaius Sallustius Crispus)","url":"/works/sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha/#sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha-q7","title":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","text":"for by concord even small states are increased, but by discord, even the greatest fall to nothing.","work":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","author":"Sallust (Gaius Sallustius Crispus)","url":"/works/sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha/#sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha-q8","title":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","text":"That it was a venal city, and would soon perish, if it could but find a purchaser!","work":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","author":"Sallust (Gaius Sallustius Crispus)","url":"/works/sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha/#sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge-q1","title":"Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge","text":"But the object and end of all government is to promote the happiness and prosperity of the community by which it is established; and it can never be assumed, that the government intended to diminish its power of accomplishing the end for which it was created.","work":"Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge/#charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge-q2","title":"Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge","text":"While the rights of private property are sacredly guarded, we must not forget, that the community also have rights, and that the happiness and well-being of every citizen depends on their faithful preservation.","work":"Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge/#charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge-q3","title":"Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge","text":"The millions of property which have been invested in railroads and canals, upon lines of travel which had been before occupied by turnpike corporations, will be put in jeopardy.","work":"Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge/#charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge-q4","title":"Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge","text":"We shall be thrown back to the improvements of the last century, and obliged to stand still, until the claims of the old turnpike corporations shall be satisfied; and they shall consent to permit these states to avail themselves of the lights of modern science, and to partake of the benefit of those improvements which are now adding to the wealth and prosperity, and the convenience and comfort, of every other part of the civilized world.","work":"Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge/#charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge-q5","title":"Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge","text":"It is a principle of common sense, as well as of law, that when a thing is granted, whatever is necessary to its enjoyment, is granted also.","work":"Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge/#charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge-q6","title":"Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge","text":"This is an admonition, in my humble judgment, very fit to be remembered and acted upon by all judges, who are called upon to interpose between the government and the citizen, in cases of public grants.","work":"Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge/#charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"charlottes-web-q1","title":"Charlotte's Web","text":"Where's Papa going with that ax?","work":"Charlotte's Web","author":"E. B. White","url":"/works/charlottes-web/#charlottes-web-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"charlottes-web-q2","title":"Charlotte's Web","text":"It is not often that someone comes along who is a true friend and a good writer. Charlotte was both.","work":"Charlotte's Web","author":"E. B. White","url":"/works/charlottes-web/#charlottes-web-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"chiarella-v-united-states-q1","title":"Chiarella v. United States","text":"This case concerns the legal effect of the petitioner's silence.","work":"Chiarella v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/chiarella-v-united-states/#chiarella-v-united-states-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"chiarella-v-united-states-q2","title":"Chiarella v. United States","text":"He was, in fact, a complete stranger who dealt with the sellers only through impersonal market transactions.","work":"Chiarella v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/chiarella-v-united-states/#chiarella-v-united-states-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"chiarella-v-united-states-q3","title":"Chiarella v. United States","text":"We cannot affirm petitioner's conviction without recognizing a general duty between all participants in market transactions to forgo actions based on material, nonpublic information.","work":"Chiarella v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/chiarella-v-united-states/#chiarella-v-united-states-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"chiarella-v-united-states-q4","title":"Chiarella v. United States","text":"I would read § 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 to encompass and build on this principle: to mean that a person who has misappropriated nonpublic information has an absolute duty to disclose that information or to refrain from trading.","work":"Chiarella v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/chiarella-v-united-states/#chiarella-v-united-states-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"chiarella-v-united-states-q5","title":"Chiarella v. United States","text":"In sum, the evidence shows beyond all doubt that Chiarella, working literally in the shadows of the warning signs in the printshop misappropriated—stole to put it bluntly—valuable nonpublic information entrusted to him in the utmost confidence.","work":"Chiarella v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/chiarella-v-united-states/#chiarella-v-united-states-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"chiarella-v-united-states-q6","title":"Chiarella v. United States","text":"The Court continues to pursue a course, charted in certain recent decisions, designed to transform § 10(b) from an intentionally elastic \"catchall\" provision to one that catches relatively little of the misbehavior that all too often makes investment in securities a needlessly risky business for the uninitiated investor.","work":"Chiarella v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/chiarella-v-united-states/#chiarella-v-united-states-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"christ-legends-q1","title":"Christ Legends","text":"When I was five years old I had such a great sorrow! I hardly know if I have had a greater since.","work":"Christ Legends","author":"Selma Lagerlöf","url":"/works/christ-legends/#christ-legends-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"christ-legends-q2","title":"Christ Legends","text":"What kind of a night is this, when the dogs do not bite, the sheep are not scared, the staff does not kill, or the fire scorch?","work":"Christ Legends","author":"Selma Lagerlöf","url":"/works/christ-legends/#christ-legends-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"christ-legends-q3","title":"Christ Legends","text":"It is not revealed by the light of lamps or candles, and it does not depend upon sun and moon; but that which is needful is, that we have such eyes as can see God’s glory.","work":"Christ Legends","author":"Selma Lagerlöf","url":"/works/christ-legends/#christ-legends-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"christ-legends-q4","title":"Christ Legends","text":"In place of it he built a sanctuary to the new-born God-Child, and called it Heaven’s Altar","work":"Christ Legends","author":"Selma Lagerlöf","url":"/works/christ-legends/#christ-legends-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"christ-legends-q5","title":"Christ Legends","text":"There are things which are drier than the desert sands, but there is nothing more barren than the human heart.","work":"Christ Legends","author":"Selma Lagerlöf","url":"/works/christ-legends/#christ-legends-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"christ-legends-q6","title":"Christ Legends","text":"What would happen to any one of us who undertook to compete with one who paints with sunbeams and blows the breath of life into dead clay?","work":"Christ Legends","author":"Selma Lagerlöf","url":"/works/christ-legends/#christ-legends-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"christ-legends-q7","title":"Christ Legends","text":"Even if I am little and weak, I can still do something for this poor tortured one,","work":"Christ Legends","author":"Selma Lagerlöf","url":"/works/christ-legends/#christ-legends-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"christ-legends-q8","title":"Christ Legends","text":"The bees and the lilies have requited his good deeds,","work":"Christ Legends","author":"Selma Lagerlöf","url":"/works/christ-legends/#christ-legends-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople-q1","title":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","text":"cried with one voice, and lifted up their hands, saying: “We consent, we consent!”","work":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","author":"Geoffrey de Villehardouin","url":"/works/villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople/#villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople-q2","title":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","text":"he was an old man, and albeit his eyes were unclouded, yet he saw naught, having lost his sight through a wound in the head. He was of a great heart.","work":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","author":"Geoffrey de Villehardouin","url":"/works/villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople/#villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople-q3","title":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","text":"Lords, I forbid you, on the part of the Pope of Rome, to attack this city; for those within it are Christians, and you are pilgrims.","work":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","author":"Geoffrey de Villehardouin","url":"/works/villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople/#villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople-q4","title":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","text":"for they never thought there could be in all the world so rich a city","work":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","author":"Geoffrey de Villehardouin","url":"/works/villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople/#villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople-q5","title":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","text":"no man there was of such hardihood but his flesh trembled: and it was no wonder, for never was so great an enterprise undertaken by any people since the creation of the world.","work":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","author":"Geoffrey de Villehardouin","url":"/works/villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople/#villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople-q6","title":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","text":"never, since the world was created, had so much booty been won in any city.","work":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","author":"Geoffrey de Villehardouin","url":"/works/villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople/#villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople-q7","title":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","text":"because covetousness, which is the root of all evil, let and hindered them.","work":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","author":"Geoffrey de Villehardouin","url":"/works/villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople/#villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople-q8","title":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","text":"But full oft do the good suffer for the sins of the wicked.","work":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","author":"Geoffrey de Villehardouin","url":"/works/villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople/#villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"citizenship-in-a-republic-q1","title":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","text":"The average citizen must be a good citizen if our republics are to succeed.","work":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/citizenship-in-a-republic/#citizenship-in-a-republic-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"citizenship-in-a-republic-q2","title":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","text":"The poorest way to face life is to face it with a sneer.","work":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/citizenship-in-a-republic/#citizenship-in-a-republic-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"citizenship-in-a-republic-q3","title":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","text":"It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them better.","work":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/citizenship-in-a-republic/#citizenship-in-a-republic-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"citizenship-in-a-republic-q4","title":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","text":"The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; who errs, and comes short again and again, because there is no effort without error and shortcoming; but who does actually strive to do the deeds; who knows the great enthusiasms, the great devotions; who spends himself in a worthy cause; who at the best knows in the end the triumph of high achievement, and who at the worst, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who know neither victory nor defeat.","work":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/citizenship-in-a-republic/#citizenship-in-a-republic-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"citizenship-in-a-republic-q5","title":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","text":"But above mind and above body stands character--the sum of those qualities which we mean when we speak of a man's force and courage, of his good faith and sense of honor.","work":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/citizenship-in-a-republic/#citizenship-in-a-republic-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"citizenship-in-a-republic-q6","title":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","text":"In a republic, to be successful we must learn to combine intensity of conviction with a broad tolerance of difference of conviction.","work":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/citizenship-in-a-republic/#citizenship-in-a-republic-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"citizenship-in-a-republic-q7","title":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","text":"Yes, my friend, and if you will steal for me you will steal from me.","work":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/citizenship-in-a-republic/#citizenship-in-a-republic-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"citizenship-in-a-republic-q8","title":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","text":"I believe that a man must be a good patriot before he can be, and as the only possible way of being, a good citizen of the world.","work":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/citizenship-in-a-republic/#citizenship-in-a-republic-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"city-of-god-q1","title":"City of God","text":"Accordingly, two cities have been formed by two loves: the earthly by the love of self, even to the contempt of God; the heavenly by the love of God, even to the contempt of self","work":"City of God","author":"Augustine of Hippo","url":"/works/city-of-god/#city-of-god-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"civilization-and-its-discontents-q1","title":"Civilization and Its Discontents","text":"Life, as we find it, is too hard for us; it brings us too many pains, disappointments and impossible tasks.","work":"Civilization and Its Discontents","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/civilization-and-its-discontents/#civilization-and-its-discontents-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"civilization-and-its-discontents-q2","title":"Civilization and Its Discontents","text":"Man has, as it were, become a kind of prosthetic God.","work":"Civilization and Its Discontents","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/civilization-and-its-discontents/#civilization-and-its-discontents-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"cold-comfort-farm-q1","title":"Cold Comfort Farm","text":"I saw something nasty in the woodshed!","work":"Cold Comfort Farm","author":"Stella Gibbons","url":"/works/cold-comfort-farm/#cold-comfort-farm-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england-q1","title":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","text":"law of nature, being co-eval with mankind and dictated by God himself, is of course superior in obligation to any other.","work":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","author":"William Blackstone","url":"/works/commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england/#commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england-q2","title":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","text":"the principal aim of society is to protect individuals in the enjoyment of those absolute rights, which were vested in them by the immutable laws of nature","work":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","author":"William Blackstone","url":"/works/commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england/#commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england-q3","title":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","text":"THE right of personal security consists in a person's legal and uninterrupted enjoyment of his life, his limbs, his body, his health, and his reputation.","work":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","author":"William Blackstone","url":"/works/commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england/#commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england-q4","title":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","text":"LIFE is the immediate gift of God, a right inherent by nature in every individual","work":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","author":"William Blackstone","url":"/works/commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england/#commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england-q5","title":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","text":"this spirit of liberty is so deeply implanted in our constitution, and rooted even in our very soil","work":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","author":"William Blackstone","url":"/works/commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england/#commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england-q6","title":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","text":"THE third absolute right, inherent in every Englishman, is that of property; which consists in the free use, enjoyment, and disposal of all his acquisitions, without any control or diminution, save only by the laws of the land.","work":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","author":"William Blackstone","url":"/works/commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england/#commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england-q7","title":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","text":"the king himself can do no wrong; since it would be a great weakness and absurdity in any system of positive law, to define any possible wrong, without any possible redress.","work":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","author":"William Blackstone","url":"/works/commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england/#commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england-q8","title":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","text":"A lunatic is indeed properly one that hath lucid intervals; sometimes enjoying his senses, and sometimes not, and that frequently depending upon the change of the moon.","work":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","author":"William Blackstone","url":"/works/commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england/#commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"dorothy-parker-complete-poems-q1","title":"Complete Poems","text":"You might as well live.","work":"Complete Poems","author":"Dorothy Parker","url":"/works/dorothy-parker-complete-poems/#dorothy-parker-complete-poems-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"dorothy-parker-complete-poems-q2","title":"Complete Poems","text":"Why is it no one ever sent me yet / One perfect limousine, do you suppose?","work":"Complete Poems","author":"Dorothy Parker","url":"/works/dorothy-parker-complete-poems/#dorothy-parker-complete-poems-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"confessions-q1","title":"Confessions","text":"Thou awakest us to delight in Thy praise; for Thou madest us for Thyself, and our heart is restless, until it repose in Thee","work":"Confessions","author":"Augustine of Hippo","url":"/works/confessions/#confessions-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"confessions-q2","title":"Confessions","text":"To Carthage I came, where there sang all around me in my ears a cauldron of unholy loves","work":"Confessions","author":"Augustine of Hippo","url":"/works/confessions/#confessions-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"confessions-q3","title":"Confessions","text":"At this grief my heart was utterly darkened; and whatever I beheld was death","work":"Confessions","author":"Augustine of Hippo","url":"/works/confessions/#confessions-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"confessions-q4","title":"Confessions","text":"Give me chastity and continency, only not yet","work":"Confessions","author":"Augustine of Hippo","url":"/works/confessions/#confessions-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"confessions-q5","title":"Confessions","text":"Take up and read; Take up and read","work":"Confessions","author":"Augustine of Hippo","url":"/works/confessions/#confessions-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"confessions-q6","title":"Confessions","text":"Too late loved I Thee, O Thou Beauty of ancient days, yet ever new! too late I loved Thee","work":"Confessions","author":"Augustine of Hippo","url":"/works/confessions/#confessions-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"confessions-q7","title":"Confessions","text":"What then is time? If no one asks me, I know: if I wish to explain it to one that asketh, I know not","work":"Confessions","author":"Augustine of Hippo","url":"/works/confessions/#confessions-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseaus-confessions-q1","title":"Confessions","text":"I have entered upon a performance which is without example, whose accomplishment will have no imitator. I mean to present my fellow-mortals with a man in all the integrity of nature; and this man shall be myself","work":"Confessions","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseaus-confessions/#rousseaus-confessions-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseaus-confessions-q2","title":"Confessions","text":"let each in his turn expose with equal sincerity the failings, the wanderings of his heart, and, if he dare, aver, I was better than that man","work":"Confessions","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseaus-confessions/#rousseaus-confessions-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseaus-confessions-q3","title":"Confessions","text":"my birth cost my mother her life, and was the first of my misfortunes","work":"Confessions","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseaus-confessions/#rousseaus-confessions-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseaus-confessions-q4","title":"Confessions","text":"I did not fear punishment, but I dreaded shame: I dreaded it more than death, more than the crime, more than all the world","work":"Confessions","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseaus-confessions/#rousseaus-confessions-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseaus-confessions-q5","title":"Confessions","text":"My arteries began beating so violently that I not only felt their motion, but even heard it, particularly that of the carotids, attended by a loud noise in my ears","work":"Confessions","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseaus-confessions/#rousseaus-confessions-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseaus-confessions-q6","title":"Confessions","text":"Till now, I had been a great sleeper, but a total privation of repose, with other alarming symptoms which have accompanied it, even to this time, persuaded me I had but a short time to live","work":"Confessions","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseaus-confessions/#rousseaus-confessions-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseaus-confessions-q7","title":"Confessions","text":"It is certain my disorder was in a great measure hypochondriacal","work":"Confessions","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseaus-confessions/#rousseaus-confessions-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseaus-confessions-q8","title":"Confessions","text":"I could not read the description of any malady without thinking it mine, and, had I not been already indisposed, I am certain I should have become so from this study","work":"Confessions","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseaus-confessions/#rousseaus-confessions-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseaus-confessions-q9","title":"Confessions","text":"These gentlemen understood nothing of my illness, therefore concluded I could not be ill","work":"Confessions","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseaus-confessions/#rousseaus-confessions-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseaus-confessions-q10","title":"Confessions","text":"I was in an agitation which approached a delirium","work":"Confessions","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseaus-confessions/#rousseaus-confessions-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseaus-confessions-q11","title":"Confessions","text":"A defect in the bladder caused me, during my early years, to suffer an almost continual retention of urine","work":"Confessions","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseaus-confessions/#rousseaus-confessions-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseaus-confessions-q12","title":"Confessions","text":"I followed this indication, and determined to cure myself or die without the aid of physicians and medicine","work":"Confessions","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseaus-confessions/#rousseaus-confessions-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseaus-confessions-q13","title":"Confessions","text":"At length, notwithstanding all I could say and do, the physician triumphed, and the child died of hunger","work":"Confessions","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseaus-confessions/#rousseaus-confessions-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"mill-considerations-on-representative-government-q1","title":"Considerations on Representative Government","text":"the most important point of excellence which any form of government can possess is to promote the virtue and intelligence of the people themselves.","work":"Considerations on Representative Government","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-considerations-on-representative-government/#mill-considerations-on-representative-government-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"mill-considerations-on-representative-government-q2","title":"Considerations on Representative Government","text":"the ideally best form of government is that in which the sovereignty, or supreme controlling power in the last resort, is vested in the entire aggregate of the community","work":"Considerations on Representative Government","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-considerations-on-representative-government/#mill-considerations-on-representative-government-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"mill-considerations-on-representative-government-q3","title":"Considerations on Representative Government","text":"Instead of the function of governing, for which it is radically unfit, the proper office of a representative assembly is to watch and control the government","work":"Considerations on Representative Government","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-considerations-on-representative-government/#mill-considerations-on-representative-government-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"mill-considerations-on-representative-government-q4","title":"Considerations on Representative Government","text":"to be at once the nation's Committee of Grievances and its Congress of Opinions","work":"Considerations on Representative Government","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-considerations-on-representative-government/#mill-considerations-on-representative-government-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"mill-considerations-on-representative-government-q5","title":"Considerations on Representative Government","text":"In a really equal democracy, every or any section would be represented, not disproportionately, but proportionately.","work":"Considerations on Representative Government","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-considerations-on-representative-government/#mill-considerations-on-representative-government-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"mill-considerations-on-representative-government-q6","title":"Considerations on Representative Government","text":"I regard it as wholly inadmissible that any person should participate in the suffrage without being able to read, write, and, I will add, perform the common operations of arithmetic.","work":"Considerations on Representative Government","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-considerations-on-representative-government/#mill-considerations-on-representative-government-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"mill-considerations-on-representative-government-q7","title":"Considerations on Representative Government","text":"I consider it to be as entirely irrelevant to political rights as difference in height or in the color of the hair.","work":"Considerations on Representative Government","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-considerations-on-representative-government/#mill-considerations-on-representative-government-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"mill-considerations-on-representative-government-q8","title":"Considerations on Representative Government","text":"Free institutions are next to impossible in a country made up of different nationalities.","work":"Considerations on Representative Government","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-considerations-on-representative-government/#mill-considerations-on-representative-government-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"cranford-q1","title":"Cranford","text":"IN the first place, Cranford is in possession of the Amazons; all the holders of houses above a certain rent are women.","work":"Cranford","author":"Elizabeth Gaskell","url":"/works/cranford/#cranford-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"cranford-q2","title":"Cranford","text":"How naturally one falls back into the phraseology of Cranford! There, economy was always “elegant,” and money-spending always “vulgar and ostentatious”; a sort of sour-grapeism which made us very peaceful and satisfied.","work":"Cranford","author":"Elizabeth Gaskell","url":"/works/cranford/#cranford-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"cranford-q3","title":"Cranford","text":"Get her a flannel waistcoat and flannel drawers, ma’am, if you wish to keep her alive.","work":"Cranford","author":"Elizabeth Gaskell","url":"/works/cranford/#cranford-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"cranford-q4","title":"Cranford","text":"God pardon me, if ever I have spoken contemptuously to the Captain!","work":"Cranford","author":"Elizabeth Gaskell","url":"/works/cranford/#cranford-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"cranford-q5","title":"Cranford","text":"he was always in scrapes; he was too easy.","work":"Cranford","author":"Elizabeth Gaskell","url":"/works/cranford/#cranford-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"cranford-q6","title":"Cranford","text":"only I would rather exchange my gold for the note, if you please","work":"Cranford","author":"Elizabeth Gaskell","url":"/works/cranford/#cranford-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"cranford-q7","title":"Cranford","text":"We all love Miss Matty, and I somehow think we are all of us better when she is near us.","work":"Cranford","author":"Elizabeth Gaskell","url":"/works/cranford/#cranford-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"crime-and-punishment-q1","title":"Crime and Punishment","text":"Pain and suffering are always inevitable for a large intelligence and a deep heart","work":"Crime and Punishment","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/crime-and-punishment/#crime-and-punishment-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"kant-critique-of-practical-reason-q1","title":"Critique of Practical Reason","text":"Inasmuch as the reality of the concept of freedom is proved by an apodeictic law of practical reason, it is the keystone of the whole system of pure reason, even the speculative","work":"Critique of Practical Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-critique-of-practical-reason/#kant-critique-of-practical-reason-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"kant-critique-of-practical-reason-q2","title":"Critique of Practical Reason","text":"Act so that the maxim of thy will can always at the same time hold good as a principle of universal legislation.","work":"Critique of Practical Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-critique-of-practical-reason/#kant-critique-of-practical-reason-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"kant-critique-of-practical-reason-q3","title":"Critique of Practical Reason","text":"He judges, therefore, that he can do a certain thing because he is conscious that he ought, and he recognizes that he is free","work":"Critique of Practical Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-critique-of-practical-reason/#kant-critique-of-practical-reason-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"kant-critique-of-practical-reason-q4","title":"Critique of Practical Reason","text":"Duty! Thou sublime and mighty name that dost embrace nothing charming or insinuating, but requirest submission","work":"Critique of Practical Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-critique-of-practical-reason/#kant-critique-of-practical-reason-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"kant-critique-of-practical-reason-q5","title":"Critique of Practical Reason","text":"the perfect accordance of the will with the moral law is holiness, a perfection of which no rational being of the sensible world is capable at any moment of his existence.","work":"Critique of Practical Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-critique-of-practical-reason/#kant-critique-of-practical-reason-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"kant-critique-of-practical-reason-q6","title":"Critique of Practical Reason","text":"Hence also morality is not properly the doctrine how we should make ourselves happy, but how we should become worthy of happiness.","work":"Critique of Practical Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-critique-of-practical-reason/#kant-critique-of-practical-reason-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"kant-critique-of-practical-reason-q7","title":"Critique of Practical Reason","text":"Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe, the oftener and the more steadily we reflect on them: the starry heavens above and the moral law within.","work":"Critique of Practical Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-critique-of-practical-reason/#kant-critique-of-practical-reason-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"critique-of-pure-reason-q1","title":"Critique of Pure Reason","text":"Human reason, in one sphere of its cognition, is called upon to consider questions, which it cannot decline, as they are presented by its own nature, but which it cannot answer, as they transcend every faculty of the mind","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/critique-of-pure-reason/#critique-of-pure-reason-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"critique-of-pure-reason-q2","title":"Critique of Pure Reason","text":"Our age is the age of criticism, to which everything must be subjected","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/critique-of-pure-reason/#critique-of-pure-reason-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"critique-of-pure-reason-q3","title":"Critique of Pure Reason","text":"We here propose to do just what COPERNICUS did in attempting to explain the celestial movements","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/critique-of-pure-reason/#critique-of-pure-reason-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"critique-of-pure-reason-q4","title":"Critique of Pure Reason","text":"I must, therefore, abolish _knowledge_, to make room for _belief","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/critique-of-pure-reason/#critique-of-pure-reason-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"critique-of-pure-reason-q5","title":"Critique of Pure Reason","text":"But, though all our knowledge begins with experience, it by no means follows that all arises out of experience","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/critique-of-pure-reason/#critique-of-pure-reason-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"critique-of-pure-reason-q6","title":"Critique of Pure Reason","text":"The light dove cleaving in free flight the thin air, whose resistance it feels, might imagine that her movements would be far more free and rapid in airless space","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/critique-of-pure-reason/#critique-of-pure-reason-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"critique-of-pure-reason-q7","title":"Critique of Pure Reason","text":"Thoughts without content are void; intuitions without conceptions, blind","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/critique-of-pure-reason/#critique-of-pure-reason-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"critique-of-pure-reason-q8","title":"Critique of Pure Reason","text":"The “I think” must accompany all my representations, for otherwise something would be represented in me which could not be thought","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/critique-of-pure-reason/#critique-of-pure-reason-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"critique-of-pure-reason-q9","title":"Critique of Pure Reason","text":"their representations may very well be the mere products of the imagination (in dreams as well as in madness","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/critique-of-pure-reason/#critique-of-pure-reason-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"critique-of-pure-reason-q10","title":"Critique of Pure Reason","text":"But this land is an island, and enclosed by nature herself within unchangeable limits. It is the land of truth (an attractive word), surrounded by a wide and stormy ocean, the region of illusion","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/critique-of-pure-reason/#critique-of-pure-reason-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"critique-of-pure-reason-q11","title":"Critique of Pure Reason","text":"A hundred real dollars contain no more than a hundred possible dollars","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/critique-of-pure-reason/#critique-of-pure-reason-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"critique-of-pure-reason-q12","title":"Critique of Pure Reason","text":"scepticism is merely a means of awakening reason from its dogmatic dreams and exciting it to a more careful investigation into its own powers and pretensions","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/critique-of-pure-reason/#critique-of-pure-reason-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"critique-of-pure-reason-q13","title":"Critique of Pure Reason","text":"1. WHAT CAN I KNOW? 2. WHAT OUGHT I TO DO? 3. WHAT MAY I HOPE","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/critique-of-pure-reason/#critique-of-pure-reason-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health-q1","title":"Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health","text":"The choice between life and death is a deeply personal decision of obvious and overwhelming finality.","work":"Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health/#cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health-q2","title":"Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health","text":"But we do not think the Due Process Clause requires the State to repose judgment on these matters with anyone but the patient herself.","work":"Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health/#cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health-q3","title":"Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health","text":"Because our notions of liberty are inextricably entwined with our idea of physical freedom and self-determination, the Court has often deemed state incursions into the body repugnant to the interests protected by the Due Process Clause.","work":"Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health/#cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health-q4","title":"Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health","text":"But the State has no legitimate general interest in someone's life, completely abstracted from the interest of the person living that life, that could outweigh the person's choice to avoid medical treatment.","work":"Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health/#cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health-q5","title":"Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health","text":"In my view, the Constitution requires the State to care for Nancy Cruzan's life in a way that gives appropriate respect to her own best interests.","work":"Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health/#cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health-q6","title":"Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health","text":"Because death is so profoundly personal, public reflection upon it is unusual.","work":"Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health/#cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"cuchulain-of-muirthemne-q1","title":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","text":"When I began to gather these stories together, it is of you I was thinking, that you would like to have them and to be reading them.","work":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","author":"Lady Gregory","url":"/works/cuchulain-of-muirthemne/#cuchulain-of-muirthemne-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"cuchulain-of-muirthemne-q2","title":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","text":"the stories which it tells are a chief part of Ireland's gift to the imagination of the world — and it tells them perfectly for the first time.","work":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","author":"Lady Gregory","url":"/works/cuchulain-of-muirthemne/#cuchulain-of-muirthemne-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"cuchulain-of-muirthemne-q3","title":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","text":"if there is a whelp of the same breed to be had in Ireland, I will rear him and train him until he is as good a hound as the one killed; and until that time, Culain,\" he said, \"I myself will be your watch-dog, to guard your goods and your cattle and your house.","work":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","author":"Lady Gregory","url":"/works/cuchulain-of-muirthemne/#cuchulain-of-muirthemne-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"cuchulain-of-muirthemne-q4","title":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","text":"It is little I would care,\" said Cuchulain, \"if my life were to last one day and one night only, so long as my name and the story of what I had done would live after me.","work":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","author":"Lady Gregory","url":"/works/cuchulain-of-muirthemne/#cuchulain-of-muirthemne-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"cuchulain-of-muirthemne-q5","title":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","text":"My love to you, O land to the east, and it goes ill with me to leave you; for it is pleasant are your bays and your harbours and your wide flowery plains and your green-sided hills; and little need was there for us to leave you.","work":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","author":"Lady Gregory","url":"/works/cuchulain-of-muirthemne/#cuchulain-of-muirthemne-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"cuchulain-of-muirthemne-q6","title":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","text":"Dear to me was your beautiful ruddiness; dear to me your comely form; dear to me your clear grey eye; dear to me your wisdom and your talk.","work":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","author":"Lady Gregory","url":"/works/cuchulain-of-muirthemne/#cuchulain-of-muirthemne-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"cuchulain-of-muirthemne-q7","title":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","text":"it was said of him that he could tell what a person's sickness was by looking at the smoke of the house he was in; and he knew by looking at a wound what sort the person was that gave it.","work":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","author":"Lady Gregory","url":"/works/cuchulain-of-muirthemne/#cuchulain-of-muirthemne-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"cuchulain-of-muirthemne-q8","title":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","text":"he tied himself to it with his breast-belt, the way he would not meet his death lying down, but would meet it standing up.","work":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","author":"Lady Gregory","url":"/works/cuchulain-of-muirthemne/#cuchulain-of-muirthemne-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"cyrano-de-bergerac-q1","title":"Cyrano de Bergerac","text":"True; all my elegances are within.","work":"Cyrano de Bergerac","author":"Edmond Rostand","url":"/works/cyrano-de-bergerac/#cyrano-de-bergerac-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"cyrano-de-bergerac-q2","title":"Cyrano de Bergerac","text":"Truth, Independence, are my fluttering plumes.","work":"Cyrano de Bergerac","author":"Edmond Rostand","url":"/works/cyrano-de-bergerac/#cyrano-de-bergerac-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"cyrano-de-bergerac-q3","title":"Cyrano de Bergerac","text":"Nothing more solemn than a tear--sublimer;","work":"Cyrano de Bergerac","author":"Edmond Rostand","url":"/works/cyrano-de-bergerac/#cyrano-de-bergerac-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"cyrano-de-bergerac-q4","title":"Cyrano de Bergerac","text":"Not to mount high, perchance, but mount alone!","work":"Cyrano de Bergerac","author":"Edmond Rostand","url":"/works/cyrano-de-bergerac/#cyrano-de-bergerac-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"cyrano-de-bergerac-q5","title":"Cyrano de Bergerac","text":"A rose-dot on the 'i' of 'adoration,'","work":"Cyrano de Bergerac","author":"Edmond Rostand","url":"/works/cyrano-de-bergerac/#cyrano-de-bergerac-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"cyrano-de-bergerac-q6","title":"Cyrano de Bergerac","text":"A nobler pain than hunger,--'tis of the soul, not of the body!","work":"Cyrano de Bergerac","author":"Edmond Rostand","url":"/works/cyrano-de-bergerac/#cyrano-de-bergerac-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"cyrano-de-bergerac-q7","title":"Cyrano de Bergerac","text":"I loved but once, yet twice I lose my love!","work":"Cyrano de Bergerac","author":"Edmond Rostand","url":"/works/cyrano-de-bergerac/#cyrano-de-bergerac-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"cyrano-de-bergerac-q8","title":"Cyrano de Bergerac","text":"But who fights ever hoping for success? I fought for lost cause, and for fruitless quest!","work":"Cyrano de Bergerac","author":"Edmond Rostand","url":"/works/cyrano-de-bergerac/#cyrano-de-bergerac-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"daisy-miller-q1","title":"Daisy Miller","text":"I was booked to make a mistake. I have lived too long in foreign parts","work":"Daisy Miller","author":"Henry James","url":"/works/daisy-miller/#daisy-miller-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"david-copperfield-q1","title":"David Copperfield","text":"Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show","work":"David Copperfield","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/david-copperfield/#david-copperfield-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"david-copperfield-q2","title":"David Copperfield","text":"Barkis is willin","work":"David Copperfield","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/david-copperfield/#david-copperfield-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"david-copperfield-q3","title":"David Copperfield","text":"Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure nineteen nineteen and six, result happiness. Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure twenty pounds ought and six, result misery","work":"David Copperfield","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/david-copperfield/#david-copperfield-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"david-copperfield-q4","title":"David Copperfield","text":"Janet! Donkeys","work":"David Copperfield","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/david-copperfield/#david-copperfield-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"david-copperfield-q5","title":"David Copperfield","text":"I am well aware that I am the umblest person going","work":"David Copperfield","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/david-copperfield/#david-copperfield-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"david-copperfield-q6","title":"David Copperfield","text":"O Agnes, O my soul, so may thy face be by me when I close my life indeed","work":"David Copperfield","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/david-copperfield/#david-copperfield-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"dante-de-monarchia-q1","title":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","text":"Whence it is manifest that of all things that are ordered to secure blessings to men, peace is the best.","work":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","author":"Dante Alighieri; R. W. Church","url":"/works/dante-de-monarchia/#dante-de-monarchia-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"dante-de-monarchia-q2","title":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","text":"the first principle of our freedom is freedom of will, which many have in their mouth, but few indeed understand.","work":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","author":"Dante Alighieri; R. W. Church","url":"/works/dante-de-monarchia/#dante-de-monarchia-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"dante-de-monarchia-q3","title":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","text":"this liberty, or this principle of all our liberty, is the greatest gift bestowed by God on mankind","work":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","author":"Dante Alighieri; R. W. Church","url":"/works/dante-de-monarchia/#dante-de-monarchia-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"dante-de-monarchia-q4","title":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","text":"Oh, race of mankind! what storms must toss thee, what losses must thou endure, what shipwrecks must buffet thee, as long as thou, a beast of many heads, strivest after contrary things.","work":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","author":"Dante Alighieri; R. W. Church","url":"/works/dante-de-monarchia/#dante-de-monarchia-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"dante-de-monarchia-q5","title":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","text":"For the dignity of the Empire was what Constantine could not alienate, nor the Church receive.","work":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","author":"Dante Alighieri; R. W. Church","url":"/works/dante-de-monarchia/#dante-de-monarchia-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"dante-de-monarchia-q6","title":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","text":"Two ends, therefore, have been laid down by the ineffable providence of God for man to aim at","work":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","author":"Dante Alighieri; R. W. Church","url":"/works/dante-de-monarchia/#dante-de-monarchia-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"dante-de-monarchia-q7","title":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","text":"Let, therefore, Cæsar be reverent to Peter, as the first-born son should be reverent to his father","work":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","author":"Dante Alighieri; R. W. Church","url":"/works/dante-de-monarchia/#dante-de-monarchia-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"dante-de-monarchia-q8","title":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","text":"It is to stamp a deep impression on the mind, of the issues of good and ill doing here--of the real worlds of pain and joy.","work":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","author":"Dante Alighieri; R. W. Church","url":"/works/dante-de-monarchia/#dante-de-monarchia-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"de-regno-q1","title":"De Regno","text":"Naturale autem est homini ut sit animal sociale et politicum, in multitudine vivens, magis etiam quam omnia alia animalia","work":"De Regno","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/de-regno/#de-regno-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"death-comes-for-the-archbishop-q1","title":"Death Comes for the Archbishop","text":"Some subterranean stream found an outlet here, was released from darkness. The result was grass and trees and flowers and human life","work":"Death Comes for the Archbishop","author":"Willa Cather","url":"/works/death-comes-for-the-archbishop/#death-comes-for-the-archbishop-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"death-comes-for-the-archbishop-q2","title":"Death Comes for the Archbishop","text":"Where there is great love there are always miracles","work":"Death Comes for the Archbishop","author":"Willa Cather","url":"/works/death-comes-for-the-archbishop/#death-comes-for-the-archbishop-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"mann-death-in-venice-q1","title":"Death in Venice","text":"nearly everything great which comes into being does so in spite of something--in spite of sorrow or suffering, poverty, destitution, physical weakness, depravity, passion, or a thousand other handicaps.","work":"Death in Venice","author":"Thomas Mann","url":"/works/mann-death-in-venice/#mann-death-in-venice-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"mann-death-in-venice-q2","title":"Death in Venice","text":"a delicate self-mastery by which any inner deterioration, any biological decay was kept concealed from the eyes of the world","work":"Death in Venice","author":"Thomas Mann","url":"/works/mann-death-in-venice/#mann-death-in-venice-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"mann-death-in-venice-q3","title":"Death in Venice","text":"For beauty, my Phaedrus, beauty alone is both lovely and visible at once; it is, mark me, the only form of the spiritual which we can receive through the senses.","work":"Death in Venice","author":"Thomas Mann","url":"/works/mann-death-in-venice/#mann-death-in-venice-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"mann-death-in-venice-q4","title":"Death in Venice","text":"Denied and glossed over, death was eating its way along the narrow streets","work":"Death in Venice","author":"Thomas Mann","url":"/works/mann-death-in-venice/#mann-death-in-venice-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"mann-death-in-venice-q5","title":"Death in Venice","text":"In the light of the sweet youthfulness which had done this to him, he detested his aging body.","work":"Death in Venice","author":"Thomas Mann","url":"/works/mann-death-in-venice/#mann-death-in-venice-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"mann-death-in-venice-q6","title":"Death in Venice","text":"It feels sympathy with the precipice, it is the precipice.","work":"Death in Venice","author":"Thomas Mann","url":"/works/mann-death-in-venice/#mann-death-in-venice-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"mann-death-in-venice-q7","title":"Death in Venice","text":"And on the same day a respectfully shocked world received the news of his death.","work":"Death in Venice","author":"Thomas Mann","url":"/works/mann-death-in-venice/#mann-death-in-venice-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"death-of-a-salesman-q1","title":"Death of a Salesman","text":"Attention, attention must be finally paid to such a person.","work":"Death of a Salesman","author":"Arthur Miller","url":"/works/death-of-a-salesman/#death-of-a-salesman-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"death-of-a-salesman-q2","title":"Death of a Salesman","text":"A salesman is got to dream, boy. It comes with the territory.","work":"Death of a Salesman","author":"Arthur Miller","url":"/works/death-of-a-salesman/#death-of-a-salesman-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"ghazali-deliverance-from-error-q1","title":"Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)","text":"Having once surrendered blind belief, it is impossible to return to it, for the essence of such belief is to be unconscious of itself.","work":"Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)","author":"Abu Hamid al-Ghazali","url":"/works/ghazali-deliverance-from-error/#ghazali-deliverance-from-error-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"ghazali-deliverance-from-error-q2","title":"Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)","text":"I owed my deliverance, not to a concatenation of proofs and arguments, but to the light which God caused to penetrate into my heart—the light which illuminates the threshold of all knowledge.","work":"Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)","author":"Abu Hamid al-Ghazali","url":"/works/ghazali-deliverance-from-error/#ghazali-deliverance-from-error-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"ghazali-deliverance-from-error-q3","title":"Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)","text":"they judge the truth according to its professors instead of judging its professors by the standard of the truth.","work":"Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)","author":"Abu Hamid al-Ghazali","url":"/works/ghazali-deliverance-from-error/#ghazali-deliverance-from-error-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"ghazali-deliverance-from-error-q4","title":"Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)","text":"Honey does not become impure because it may happen to have been placed in the glass which the surgeon uses for cupping purposes.","work":"Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)","author":"Abu Hamid al-Ghazali","url":"/works/ghazali-deliverance-from-error/#ghazali-deliverance-from-error-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"ghazali-deliverance-from-error-q5","title":"Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)","text":"To define drunkenness, to know that it is caused by vapours which rise from the stomach and cloud the seat of intelligence, is quite a different thing to being drunk.","work":"Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)","author":"Abu Hamid al-Ghazali","url":"/works/ghazali-deliverance-from-error/#ghazali-deliverance-from-error-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"ghazali-deliverance-from-error-q6","title":"Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)","text":"I saw that Sufism consists in experiences rather than in definitions","work":"Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)","author":"Abu Hamid al-Ghazali","url":"/works/ghazali-deliverance-from-error/#ghazali-deliverance-from-error-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"ghazali-deliverance-from-error-q7","title":"Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)","text":"The mischief is in the heart, and has communicated itself to the whole organism; there is no hope unless the cause of his grievous sadness be arrested.","work":"Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)","author":"Abu Hamid al-Ghazali","url":"/works/ghazali-deliverance-from-error/#ghazali-deliverance-from-error-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q1","title":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","text":"External objects press in upon him; passions solicit him; his philosophical melancholy dissipates","work":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/dialogues-concerning-natural-religion/#dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q2","title":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","text":"You will find it to be nothing but one great machine, subdivided into an infinite number of lesser machines","work":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/dialogues-concerning-natural-religion/#dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q3","title":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","text":"Many worlds might have been botched and bungled, throughout an eternity, ere this system was struck out","work":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/dialogues-concerning-natural-religion/#dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q4","title":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","text":"The world plainly resembles more an animal or a vegetable, than it does a watch or a knitting-loom","work":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/dialogues-concerning-natural-religion/#dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q5","title":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","text":"they are nothing in comparison of those which arise within ourselves, from the distempered condition of our mind and body","work":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/dialogues-concerning-natural-religion/#dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q6","title":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","text":"Remorse, shame, anguish, rage, disappointment, anxiety, fear, dejection, despair; who has ever passed through life without cruel inroads from these tormentors","work":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/dialogues-concerning-natural-religion/#dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q7","title":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","text":"Were a stranger to drop on a sudden into this world, I would show him, as a specimen of its ills, a hospital full of diseases, a prison crowded with malefactors and debtors, a field of battle strewed with carcasses","work":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/dialogues-concerning-natural-religion/#dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q8","title":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","text":"We are terrified, not bribed to the continuance of our existence","work":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/dialogues-concerning-natural-religion/#dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q9","title":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","text":"Is he willing to prevent evil, but not able? then is he impotent. Is he able, but not willing? then is he malevolent. Is he both able and willing? whence then is evil","work":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/dialogues-concerning-natural-religion/#dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q10","title":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","text":"But what racking pains, on the other hand, arise from gouts, gravels, megrims, toothaches, rheumatisms, where the injury to the animal machinery is either small or incurable","work":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/dialogues-concerning-natural-religion/#dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q11","title":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","text":"The whole presents nothing but the idea of a blind Nature, impregnated by a great vivifying principle, and pouring forth from her lap, without discernment or parental care, her maimed and abortive children","work":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/dialogues-concerning-natural-religion/#dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q12","title":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","text":"To be a philosophical Sceptic is, in a man of letters, the first and most essential step towards being a sound, believing Christian","work":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/dialogues-concerning-natural-religion/#dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q13","title":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","text":"I cannot but think, that PHILO's principles are more probable than DEMEA's; but that those of CLEANTHES approach still nearer to the truth","work":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/dialogues-concerning-natural-religion/#dialogues-concerning-natural-religion-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"diamond-v-chakrabarty-q1","title":"Diamond v. Chakrabarty","text":"Congress intended statutory subject matter to \"include anything under the sun that is made by man.\"","work":"Diamond v. Chakrabarty","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/diamond-v-chakrabarty/#diamond-v-chakrabarty-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"diamond-v-chakrabarty-q2","title":"Diamond v. Chakrabarty","text":"His discovery is not nature's handiwork, but his own; accordingly it is patentable subject matter under § 101.","work":"Diamond v. Chakrabarty","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/diamond-v-chakrabarty/#diamond-v-chakrabarty-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"diamond-v-chakrabarty-q3","title":"Diamond v. Chakrabarty","text":"Congress thus recognized that the relevant distinction was not between living and inanimate things, but between products of nature, whether living or not, and human-made inventions.","work":"Diamond v. Chakrabarty","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/diamond-v-chakrabarty/#diamond-v-chakrabarty-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"diamond-v-chakrabarty-q4","title":"Diamond v. Chakrabarty","text":"What is more important is that we are without competence to entertain these arguments—either to brush them aside as fantasies generated by fear of the unknown, or to act on them.","work":"Diamond v. Chakrabarty","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/diamond-v-chakrabarty/#diamond-v-chakrabarty-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"diamond-v-chakrabarty-q5","title":"Diamond v. Chakrabarty","text":"The patent laws attempt to reconcile this Nation's deep seated antipathy to monopolies with the need to encourage progress.","work":"Diamond v. Chakrabarty","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/diamond-v-chakrabarty/#diamond-v-chakrabarty-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"diamond-v-chakrabarty-q6","title":"Diamond v. Chakrabarty","text":"It is the role of Congress, not this Court, to broaden or narrow the reach of the patent laws. This is especially true where, as here, the composition sought to be patented uniquely implicates matters of public concern.","work":"Diamond v. Chakrabarty","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/diamond-v-chakrabarty/#diamond-v-chakrabarty-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"dirks-v-sec-q1","title":"Dirks v. SEC","text":"Thus, the test is whether the insider personally will benefit, directly or indirectly, from his disclosure. Absent some personal gain, there has been no breach of duty to stockholders. And absent a breach by the insider, there is no derivative breach.","work":"Dirks v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dirks-v-sec/#dirks-v-sec-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"dirks-v-sec-q2","title":"Dirks v. SEC","text":"The elements of fiduciary duty and exploitation of nonpublic information also exist when an insider makes a gift of confidential information to a trading relative or friend.","work":"Dirks v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dirks-v-sec/#dirks-v-sec-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"dirks-v-sec-q3","title":"Dirks v. SEC","text":"Imposing a duty to disclose or abstain solely because a person knowingly receives material nonpublic information from an insider and trades on it could have an inhibiting influence on the role of market analysts, which the SEC itself recognizes is necessary to the preservation of a healthy market.","work":"Dirks v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dirks-v-sec/#dirks-v-sec-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"dirks-v-sec-q4","title":"Dirks v. SEC","text":"As the facts of this case clearly indicate, the tippers were motivated by a desire to expose the fraud.","work":"Dirks v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dirks-v-sec/#dirks-v-sec-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"dirks-v-sec-q5","title":"Dirks v. SEC","text":"This innovation excuses a knowing and intentional violation of an insider's duty to shareholders if the insider does not act from a motive of personal gain.","work":"Dirks v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dirks-v-sec/#dirks-v-sec-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"dirks-v-sec-q6","title":"Dirks v. SEC","text":"Although Secrist's general motive to expose the Equity Funding fraud was laudable, the means he chose were not.","work":"Dirks v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dirks-v-sec/#dirks-v-sec-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-method-q1","title":"Discourse on Method","text":"Good sense is, of all things among men, the most equally distributed; for every one thinks himself so abundantly provided with it, that those even who are the most difficult to satisfy in everything else, do not usually desire a larger measure of this quality than they already possess","work":"Discourse on Method","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/discourse-on-method/#discourse-on-method-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-method-q2","title":"Discourse on Method","text":"The greatest minds, as they are capable of the highest excellences, are open likewise to the greatest aberrations","work":"Discourse on Method","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/discourse-on-method/#discourse-on-method-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-method-q3","title":"Discourse on Method","text":"resolved no longer to seek any other science than the knowledge of myself, or of the great book of the world","work":"Discourse on Method","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/discourse-on-method/#discourse-on-method-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-method-q4","title":"Discourse on Method","text":"The first was never to accept anything for true which I did not clearly know to be such","work":"Discourse on Method","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/discourse-on-method/#discourse-on-method-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-method-q5","title":"Discourse on Method","text":"imitating in this the example of travelers who, when they have lost their way in a forest, ought not to wander from side to side, far less remain in one place, but proceed constantly towards the same side in as straight a line as possible","work":"Discourse on Method","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/discourse-on-method/#discourse-on-method-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-method-q6","title":"Discourse on Method","text":"My _third_ maxim was to endeavor always to conquer myself rather than fortune, and change my desires rather than the order of the world","work":"Discourse on Method","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/discourse-on-method/#discourse-on-method-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-method-q7","title":"Discourse on Method","text":"I think, therefore I am (COGITO ERGO SUM","work":"Discourse on Method","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/discourse-on-method/#discourse-on-method-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-method-q8","title":"Discourse on Method","text":"the mind by which I am what I am, is wholly distinct from the body, and is even more easily known than the latter","work":"Discourse on Method","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/discourse-on-method/#discourse-on-method-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-method-q9","title":"Discourse on Method","text":"I need only mention in reply what has been written by a physician of England, who has the honor of having broken the ice on this subject","work":"Discourse on Method","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/discourse-on-method/#discourse-on-method-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-method-q10","title":"Discourse on Method","text":"Such persons will look upon this body as a machine made by the hands of God, which is incomparably better arranged, and adequate to movements more admirable than is any machine of human invention","work":"Discourse on Method","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/discourse-on-method/#discourse-on-method-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-method-q11","title":"Discourse on Method","text":"they could never use words or other signs arranged in such a manner as is competent to us in order to declare our thoughts to others","work":"Discourse on Method","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/discourse-on-method/#discourse-on-method-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-method-q12","title":"Discourse on Method","text":"and thus render ourselves the lords and possessors of nature","work":"Discourse on Method","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/discourse-on-method/#discourse-on-method-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-method-q13","title":"Discourse on Method","text":"for the mind is so intimately dependent upon the condition and relation of the organs of the body, that if any means can ever be found to render men wiser and more ingenious than hitherto, I believe that it is in medicine they must be sought for","work":"Discourse on Method","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/discourse-on-method/#discourse-on-method-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-method-q14","title":"Discourse on Method","text":"we could free ourselves from an infinity of maladies of body as well as of mind, and perhaps also even from the debility of age","work":"Discourse on Method","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/discourse-on-method/#discourse-on-method-q14"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseau-discourse-on-inequality-q1","title":"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality","text":"Let us begin therefore, by laying aside facts, for they do not affect the question.","work":"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseau-discourse-on-inequality/#rousseau-discourse-on-inequality-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseau-discourse-on-inequality-q2","title":"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality","text":"I dare almost affirm that a state of reflection is a state against nature, and that the man who meditates is a depraved animal.","work":"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseau-discourse-on-inequality/#rousseau-discourse-on-inequality-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseau-discourse-on-inequality-q3","title":"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality","text":"this is the faculty of improvement; a faculty which, as circumstances offer, successively unfolds all the other faculties, and resides among us not only in the species, but in the individuals that compose it","work":"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseau-discourse-on-inequality/#rousseau-discourse-on-inequality-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseau-discourse-on-inequality-q4","title":"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality","text":"It is therefore certain that pity is a natural sentiment, which, by moderating in every individual the activity of self-love, contributes to the mutual preservation of the whole species.","work":"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseau-discourse-on-inequality/#rousseau-discourse-on-inequality-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseau-discourse-on-inequality-q5","title":"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality","text":"The first man, who, after enclosing a piece of ground, took it into his head to say, \"This is mine,\" and found people simple enough to believe him, was the true founder of civil society.","work":"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseau-discourse-on-inequality/#rousseau-discourse-on-inequality-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseau-discourse-on-inequality-q6","title":"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality","text":"With the poet, it is gold and silver, but with the philosopher it is iron and corn, which have civilized men, and ruined mankind.","work":"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseau-discourse-on-inequality/#rousseau-discourse-on-inequality-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"rousseau-discourse-on-inequality-q7","title":"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality","text":"the savage lives within himself, whereas the citizen, constantly beside himself, knows only how to live in the opinion of others","work":"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseau-discourse-on-inequality/#rousseau-discourse-on-inequality-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-voluntary-servitude-q1","title":"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude","text":"Resolve not to obey, and you are free.","work":"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude","author":"Étienne de La Boétie","url":"/works/discourse-on-voluntary-servitude/#discourse-on-voluntary-servitude-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-voluntary-servitude-q2","title":"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude","text":"I do not advise you to shake or overturn him, forbear only to support him, and you will see him, like a great Colossus from which the Base is taken away, fall with his own Weight, and be broken in pieces.","work":"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude","author":"Étienne de La Boétie","url":"/works/discourse-on-voluntary-servitude/#discourse-on-voluntary-servitude-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-voluntary-servitude-q3","title":"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude","text":"From whence has he so many Eyes to watch you, if you do not give them?","work":"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude","author":"Étienne de La Boétie","url":"/works/discourse-on-voluntary-servitude/#discourse-on-voluntary-servitude-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-voluntary-servitude-q4","title":"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude","text":"So the first Reason of this voluntary Servitude is Custom, like the generous Steeds who at first bite the Bitt, but afterwards play with it","work":"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude","author":"Étienne de La Boétie","url":"/works/discourse-on-voluntary-servitude/#discourse-on-voluntary-servitude-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-voluntary-servitude-q5","title":"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude","text":"Publick Theatres, Plays, Farces, Shews, Gladiators, Foreign Wild Beasts, Medals, Pictures, and suck like Amusements, were to the Ancients the Decoys of Servitude, the Price of their Liberty, and the Instruments of Tyranny.","work":"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude","author":"Étienne de La Boétie","url":"/works/discourse-on-voluntary-servitude/#discourse-on-voluntary-servitude-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-voluntary-servitude-q6","title":"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude","text":"as we say, to cleave Wood, Wedges are made of the Wood itself","work":"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude","author":"Étienne de La Boétie","url":"/works/discourse-on-voluntary-servitude/#discourse-on-voluntary-servitude-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"discourse-on-voluntary-servitude-q7","title":"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude","text":"Friendship is a sacred Word, a holy Thing; it never subsists but between good Men, nor commences but by mutual Esteem","work":"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude","author":"Étienne de La Boétie","url":"/works/discourse-on-voluntary-servitude/#discourse-on-voluntary-servitude-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion-q1","title":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","text":"Of things some are in our power, and others are not.","work":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","author":"Epictetus","url":"/works/epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion/#epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion-q2","title":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","text":"Men are disturbed not by the things which happen, but by the opinions about the things","work":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","author":"Epictetus","url":"/works/epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion/#epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion-q3","title":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","text":"Seek not that the things which happen should happen as you wish; but wish the things which happen to be as they are, and you will have a tranquil flow of life.","work":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","author":"Epictetus","url":"/works/epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion/#epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion-q4","title":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","text":"Never say about anything, I have lost it, but say I have restored it.","work":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","author":"Epictetus","url":"/works/epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion/#epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion-q5","title":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","text":"Remember that thou art an actor in a play, of such a kind as the teacher (author) may choose","work":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","author":"Epictetus","url":"/works/epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion/#epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion-q6","title":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","text":"You may fetter my leg, but my will not even Zeus himself can overpower.","work":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","author":"Epictetus","url":"/works/epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion/#epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion-q7","title":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","text":"The beginning of philosophy, to him at least who enters on it in the right way and by the door is a consciousness of his own weakness and inability about necessary things","work":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","author":"Epictetus","url":"/works/epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion/#epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion-q8","title":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","text":"Now is the time for the fever. Let it be borne well.","work":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","author":"Epictetus","url":"/works/epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion/#epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"machiavelli-discourses-on-livy-q1","title":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","text":"all men are bad, and will always, when they have free field, give loose to their evil inclinations","work":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","author":"Niccolò Machiavelli","url":"/works/machiavelli-discourses-on-livy/#machiavelli-discourses-on-livy-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"machiavelli-discourses-on-livy-q2","title":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","text":"it is in this conflict that all laws favourable to freedom have their origin","work":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","author":"Niccolò Machiavelli","url":"/works/machiavelli-discourses-on-livy/#machiavelli-discourses-on-livy-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"machiavelli-discourses-on-livy-q3","title":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","text":"For although the act condemn the doer, the end may justify him; and when, as in the case of Romulus, the end is good, it will always excuse the means;","work":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","author":"Niccolò Machiavelli","url":"/works/machiavelli-discourses-on-livy/#machiavelli-discourses-on-livy-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"machiavelli-discourses-on-livy-q4","title":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","text":"since we can have no surer sign of the decay of a province than to see Divine worship held therein in contempt.","work":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","author":"Niccolò Machiavelli","url":"/works/machiavelli-discourses-on-livy/#machiavelli-discourses-on-livy-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"machiavelli-discourses-on-livy-q5","title":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","text":"Nor is it without reason that the voice of the people has been likened to the voice of God;","work":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","author":"Niccolò Machiavelli","url":"/works/machiavelli-discourses-on-livy/#machiavelli-discourses-on-livy-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"machiavelli-discourses-on-livy-q6","title":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","text":"this assuredly results from the baseness of those who have interpreted our religion to accord with indolence and ease rather than with valour.","work":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","author":"Niccolò Machiavelli","url":"/works/machiavelli-discourses-on-livy/#machiavelli-discourses-on-livy-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"machiavelli-discourses-on-livy-q7","title":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","text":"Now the way to renew them is, as I have said, to bring them back to their beginnings","work":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","author":"Niccolò Machiavelli","url":"/works/machiavelli-discourses-on-livy/#machiavelli-discourses-on-livy-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"machiavelli-discourses-on-livy-q8","title":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","text":"for when the entire safety of our country is at stake, no consideration of what is just or unjust, merciful or cruel, praiseworthy or shameful, must intervene.","work":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","author":"Niccolò Machiavelli","url":"/works/machiavelli-discourses-on-livy/#machiavelli-discourses-on-livy-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"district-of-columbia-v-heller-q1","title":"District of Columbia v. Heller","text":"The Second Amendment is naturally divided into two parts: its prefatory clause and its operative clause.","work":"District of Columbia v. Heller","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/district-of-columbia-v-heller/#district-of-columbia-v-heller-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"district-of-columbia-v-heller-q2","title":"District of Columbia v. Heller","text":"There seems to us no doubt, on the basis of both text and history, that the Second Amendment conferred an individual right to keep and bear arms.","work":"District of Columbia v. Heller","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/district-of-columbia-v-heller/#district-of-columbia-v-heller-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"district-of-columbia-v-heller-q3","title":"District of Columbia v. Heller","text":"But a conclusion that the Second Amendment protects an individual right does not tell us anything about the scope of that right.","work":"District of Columbia v. Heller","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/district-of-columbia-v-heller/#district-of-columbia-v-heller-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"district-of-columbia-v-heller-q4","title":"District of Columbia v. Heller","text":"The Second Amendment was adopted to protect the right of the people of each of the several States to maintain a well-regulated militia.","work":"District of Columbia v. Heller","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/district-of-columbia-v-heller/#district-of-columbia-v-heller-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"district-of-columbia-v-heller-q5","title":"District of Columbia v. Heller","text":"The second independent reason is that the protection the Amendment provides is not absolute.","work":"District of Columbia v. Heller","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/district-of-columbia-v-heller/#district-of-columbia-v-heller-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"district-of-columbia-v-heller-q6","title":"District of Columbia v. Heller","text":"I would simply adopt such an interest-balancing inquiry explicitly.","work":"District of Columbia v. Heller","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/district-of-columbia-v-heller/#district-of-columbia-v-heller-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization-q1","title":"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization","text":"The Constitution makes no reference to abortion, and no such right is implicitly protected by any constitutional provision, including the one on which the defenders of Roe and Casey now chiefly rely—the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.","work":"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization/#dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization-q2","title":"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization","text":"It is time to heed the Constitution and return the issue of abortion to the people’s elected representatives.","work":"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization/#dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization-q3","title":"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization","text":"On the question of abortion, the Constitution is therefore neither pro-life nor pro-choice.","work":"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization/#dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization-q4","title":"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization","text":"If it is not necessary to decide more to dispose of a case, then it is necessary not to decide more.","work":"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization/#dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization-q5","title":"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization","text":"Stare decisis is the Latin phrase for a foundation stone of the rule of law: that things decided should stay decided unless there is a very good reason for change.","work":"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization/#dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization-q6","title":"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization","text":"Instead, the Framers defined rights in general terms, to permit future evolution in their scope and meaning.","work":"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization/#dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"don-quixote-q1","title":"Don Quixote","text":"In a village of La Mancha, the name of which I have no desire to call to mind, there lived not long since one of those gentlemen that keep a lance in the lance-rack, an old buckler, a lean hack, and a greyhound for coursing","work":"Don Quixote","author":"Miguel de Cervantes","url":"/works/don-quixote/#don-quixote-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"don-quixote-q2","title":"Don Quixote","text":"In short, he became so absorbed in his books that he spent his nights from sunset to sunrise, and his days from dawn to dark, poring over them; and what with little sleep and much reading his brains got so dry that he lost his wits","work":"Don Quixote","author":"Miguel de Cervantes","url":"/works/don-quixote/#don-quixote-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"don-quixote-q3","title":"Don Quixote","text":"Fortune is arranging matters for us better than we could have shaped our desires ourselves, for look there, friend Sancho Panza, where thirty or more monstrous giants present themselves","work":"Don Quixote","author":"Miguel de Cervantes","url":"/works/don-quixote/#don-quixote-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"dracula-q1","title":"Dracula","text":"Welcome to my house! Enter freely and of your own will","work":"Dracula","author":"Bram Stoker","url":"/works/dracula/#dracula-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"dracula-q2","title":"Dracula","text":"Listen to them--the children of the night. What music they make","work":"Dracula","author":"Bram Stoker","url":"/works/dracula/#dracula-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"dracula-q3","title":"Dracula","text":"I am all in a sea of wonders. I doubt; I fear; I think strange things, which I dare not confess to my own soul","work":"Dracula","author":"Bram Stoker","url":"/works/dracula/#dracula-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"dracula-q4","title":"Dracula","text":"My homicidal maniac is of a peculiar kind. I shall have to invent a new classification for him, and call him a zoöphagous (life-eating) maniac","work":"Dracula","author":"Bram Stoker","url":"/works/dracula/#dracula-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"dracula-q5","title":"Dracula","text":"The blood is the life! The blood is the life","work":"Dracula","author":"Bram Stoker","url":"/works/dracula/#dracula-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"dracula-q6","title":"Dracula","text":"We want no proofs; we ask none to believe us","work":"Dracula","author":"Bram Stoker","url":"/works/dracula/#dracula-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"dred-scott-v-sandford-q1","title":"Dred Scott v. Sandford","text":"The question is simply this: Can a negro, whose ancestors were imported into this country, and sold as slaves, become a member of the political community formed and brought into existence by the Constitution of the United States, and as such become entitled to all the rights, and privileges, and immunities, guarantied by that instrument to the citizen?","work":"Dred Scott v. Sandford","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dred-scott-v-sandford/#dred-scott-v-sandford-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"dred-scott-v-sandford-q2","title":"Dred Scott v. Sandford","text":"We think they are not, and that they are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word 'citizens' in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States.","work":"Dred Scott v. Sandford","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dred-scott-v-sandford/#dred-scott-v-sandford-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"dred-scott-v-sandford-q3","title":"Dred Scott v. Sandford","text":"And an act of Congress which deprives a citizen of the United States of his liberty or property, merely because he came himself or brought his property into a particular Territory of the United States, and who had committed no offence against the laws, could hardly be dignified with the name of due process of law.","work":"Dred Scott v. Sandford","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dred-scott-v-sandford/#dred-scott-v-sandford-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"dred-scott-v-sandford-q4","title":"Dred Scott v. Sandford","text":"Upon these considerations, it is the opinion of the court that the act of Congress which prohibited a citizen from holding and owning property of this kind in the territory of the United States north of the line therein mentioned, is not warranted by the Constitution, and is therefore void; and that neither Dred Scott himself, nor any of his family, were made free by being carried into this territory; even if they had been carried there by the owner, with the intention of becoming a permanent resident.","work":"Dred Scott v. Sandford","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dred-scott-v-sandford/#dred-scott-v-sandford-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"dred-scott-v-sandford-q5","title":"Dred Scott v. Sandford","text":"These colored persons were not only included in the body of 'the people of the United States,' by whom the Constitution was ordained and established, but in at least five of the States they had the power to act, and doubtless did act, by their suffrages, upon the question of its adoption.","work":"Dred Scott v. Sandford","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dred-scott-v-sandford/#dred-scott-v-sandford-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"dred-scott-v-sandford-q6","title":"Dred Scott v. Sandford","text":"And my opinion is, that, under the Constitution of the United States, every free person born on the soil of a State, who is a citizen of that State by force of its Constitution or laws, is also a citizen of the United States.","work":"Dred Scott v. Sandford","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dred-scott-v-sandford/#dred-scott-v-sandford-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"early-franciscan-sources-q1","title":"Early Franciscan Sources","text":"Praised be my Lord for our sister water, who is very serviceable unto us and humble and precious and clean","work":"Early Franciscan Sources","author":"Francis of Assisi; Thomas of Celano; Bonaventure; Brother Ugolino; others","url":"/works/early-franciscan-sources/#early-franciscan-sources-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"early-franciscan-sources-q2","title":"Early Franciscan Sources","text":"Praised be my Lord for our sister, the death of the body, from which no man escapeth","work":"Early Franciscan Sources","author":"Francis of Assisi; Thomas of Celano; Bonaventure; Brother Ugolino; others","url":"/works/early-franciscan-sources/#early-franciscan-sources-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"early-franciscan-sources-q3","title":"Early Franciscan Sources","text":"The doctors, having exhausted the therapeutic arsenal of the time, decided to resort to cauterization; it was decided to draw a rod of white-hot iron across his forehead","work":"Early Franciscan Sources","author":"Francis of Assisi; Thomas of Celano; Bonaventure; Brother Ugolino; others","url":"/works/early-franciscan-sources/#early-franciscan-sources-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"early-franciscan-sources-q4","title":"Early Franciscan Sources","text":"Brother fire,\" he said, \"you are beautiful above all creatures; be favorable to me in this hour; you know how much I have always loved you; be then courteous to-day","work":"Early Franciscan Sources","author":"Francis of Assisi; Thomas of Celano; Bonaventure; Brother Ugolino; others","url":"/works/early-franciscan-sources/#early-franciscan-sources-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"frost-early-poems-q1","title":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","text":"The fact is the sweetest dream that labor knows.","work":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/frost-early-poems/#frost-early-poems-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"frost-early-poems-q2","title":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","text":"'Men work together,' I told him from the heart, 'Whether they work together or apart.'","work":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/frost-early-poems/#frost-early-poems-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"frost-early-poems-q3","title":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","text":"He will not go behind his father's saying, And he likes having thought of it so well He says again, \"Good fences make good neighbours.\"","work":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/frost-early-poems/#frost-early-poems-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"frost-early-poems-q4","title":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","text":"\"Home is the place where, when you have to go there, They have to take you in.\" \"I should have called it Something you somehow haven't to deserve.\"","work":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/frost-early-poems/#frost-early-poems-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"frost-early-poems-q5","title":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","text":"He says the best way out is always through.","work":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/frost-early-poems/#frost-early-poems-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"frost-early-poems-q6","title":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","text":"Two roads diverged in a wood, and I-- I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.","work":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/frost-early-poems/#frost-early-poems-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"frost-early-poems-q7","title":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","text":"Earth's the right place for love: I don't know where it's likely to go better.","work":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/frost-early-poems/#frost-early-poems-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"frost-early-poems-q8","title":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","text":"The doctor put him in the dark of ether.","work":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/frost-early-poems/#frost-early-poems-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"east-of-eden-q1","title":"East of Eden","text":"But the Hebrew word, the word timshel—'Thou mayest'—that gives a choice.","work":"East of Eden","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/east-of-eden/#east-of-eden-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"ecce-homo-q1","title":"Ecce Homo","text":"I am not a man, I am dynamite","work":"Ecce Homo","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/ecce-homo/#ecce-homo-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"bede-ecclesiastical-history-q1","title":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","text":"For if history relates good things of good men, the attentive hearer is excited to imitate that which is good","work":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","author":"Bede","url":"/works/bede-ecclesiastical-history/#bede-ecclesiastical-history-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"bede-ecclesiastical-history-q2","title":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","text":"“Right,” said he, “for they have an angelic face, and it is meet that such should be co-heirs with the Angels in heaven.","work":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","author":"Bede","url":"/works/bede-ecclesiastical-history/#bede-ecclesiastical-history-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"bede-ecclesiastical-history-q3","title":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","text":"The sparrow, flying in at one door and immediately out at another, whilst he is within, is safe from the wintry tempest; but after a short space of fair weather, he immediately vanishes out of your sight, passing from winter into winter again.","work":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","author":"Bede","url":"/works/bede-ecclesiastical-history/#bede-ecclesiastical-history-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"bede-ecclesiastical-history-q4","title":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","text":"it was the highest commendation of his doctrine with all men, that he taught nothing that he did not practise in his life among his brethren","work":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","author":"Bede","url":"/works/bede-ecclesiastical-history/#bede-ecclesiastical-history-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"bede-ecclesiastical-history-q5","title":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","text":"And I also say unto you, that he is the door-keeper, and I will not gainsay him","work":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","author":"Bede","url":"/works/bede-ecclesiastical-history/#bede-ecclesiastical-history-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"bede-ecclesiastical-history-q6","title":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","text":"“Cædmon, sing me something.” But he answered, “I cannot sing, and for this cause I left the banquet and retired hither, because I could not sing.”","work":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","author":"Bede","url":"/works/bede-ecclesiastical-history/#bede-ecclesiastical-history-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"bede-ecclesiastical-history-q7","title":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","text":"I wholly applied myself to the study of Scripture; and amidst the observance of monastic rule, and the daily charge of singing in the church, I always took delight in learning, or teaching, or writing.","work":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","author":"Bede","url":"/works/bede-ecclesiastical-history/#bede-ecclesiastical-history-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"bede-ecclesiastical-history-q8","title":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","text":"And I beseech Thee, good Jesus, that to whom Thou hast graciously granted sweetly to drink in the words of Thy knowledge, Thou wilt also vouchsafe in Thy loving-kindness that he may one day come to Thee, the Fountain of all wisdom, and appear for ever before Thy face.","work":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","author":"Bede","url":"/works/bede-ecclesiastical-history/#bede-ecclesiastical-history-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard-q1","title":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","text":"The Curfeu tolls the Knell of parting Day, The lowing Herd winds slowly o'er the Lea, The Plow-man homeward plods his weary Way, And leaves the World to Darkness, and to me.","work":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","author":"Thomas Gray","url":"/works/elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard/#elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard-q2","title":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","text":"The short and simple Annals of the Poor.","work":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","author":"Thomas Gray","url":"/works/elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard/#elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard-q3","title":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","text":"The Boast of Heraldry, the Pomp of Pow'r, And all that Beauty, all that Wealth e'er gave, Awaits alike th' inevitable Hour. The Paths of Glory lead but to the Grave.","work":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","author":"Thomas Gray","url":"/works/elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard/#elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard-q4","title":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","text":"Full many a Gem of purest Ray serene, The dark unfathom'd Caves of Ocean bear: Full many a Flower is born to blush unseen, And waste its Sweetness on the desart Air.","work":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","author":"Thomas Gray","url":"/works/elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard/#elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard-q5","title":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","text":"Some mute inglorious Milton here may rest, Some Cromwell guiltless of his Country's Blood.","work":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","author":"Thomas Gray","url":"/works/elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard/#elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard-q6","title":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","text":"Far from the madding Crowd's ignoble Strife, Their sober Wishes never learn'd to stray; Along the cool sequester'd Vale of Life They kept the noiseless Tenor of their Way.","work":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","author":"Thomas Gray","url":"/works/elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard/#elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard-q7","title":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","text":"Fair Science frown'd not on his humble Birth, And Melancholy mark'd him for her own.","work":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","author":"Thomas Gray","url":"/works/elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard/#elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard-q8","title":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","text":"(There they alike in trembling Hope repose) The Bosom of his Father and his God.","work":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","author":"Thomas Gray","url":"/works/elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard/#elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry-q1","title":"Elements of Chemistry","text":"Like three impressions of the same seal, the word ought to produce the idea, and the idea to be a picture of the fact.","work":"Elements of Chemistry","author":"Antoine Lavoisier","url":"/works/lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry/#lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry-q2","title":"Elements of Chemistry","text":"we cannot improve the language of any science without at the same time improving the science itself; neither can we, on the other hand, improve a science, without improving the language or nomenclature which belongs to it.","work":"Elements of Chemistry","author":"Antoine Lavoisier","url":"/works/lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry/#lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry-q3","title":"Elements of Chemistry","text":"I have imposed upon myself, as a law, never to advance but from what is known to what is unknown; never to form any conclusion which is not an immediate consequence necessarily flowing from observation and experiment","work":"Elements of Chemistry","author":"Antoine Lavoisier","url":"/works/lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry/#lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry-q4","title":"Elements of Chemistry","text":"they act with regard to us as simple substances, and we ought never to suppose them compounded until experiment and observation has proved them to be so.","work":"Elements of Chemistry","author":"Antoine Lavoisier","url":"/works/lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry/#lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry-q5","title":"Elements of Chemistry","text":"We cannot deny that this name appears somewhat extraordinary; but this must be the case with all new terms, which cannot be expected to become familiar until they have been some time in use.","work":"Elements of Chemistry","author":"Antoine Lavoisier","url":"/works/lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry/#lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry-q6","title":"Elements of Chemistry","text":"We may lay it down as an incontestible axiom, that, in all the operations of art and nature, nothing is created; an equal quantity of matter exists both before and after the experiment","work":"Elements of Chemistry","author":"Antoine Lavoisier","url":"/works/lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry/#lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry-q7","title":"Elements of Chemistry","text":"By means of light, the benevolence of the Deity hath filled the surface of the earth with organization, sensation, and intelligence.","work":"Elements of Chemistry","author":"Antoine Lavoisier","url":"/works/lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry/#lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"euclid-elements-book-i-q1","title":"Elements, Book I","text":"A point is that which has position but not dimensions.","work":"Elements, Book I","author":"Euclid","url":"/works/euclid-elements-book-i/#euclid-elements-book-i-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"euclid-elements-book-i-q2","title":"Elements, Book I","text":"A line is length without breadth.","work":"Elements, Book I","author":"Euclid","url":"/works/euclid-elements-book-i/#euclid-elements-book-i-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"euclid-elements-book-i-q3","title":"Elements, Book I","text":"Things which are equal to the same, or to equals, are equal to each other.","work":"Elements, Book I","author":"Euclid","url":"/works/euclid-elements-book-i/#euclid-elements-book-i-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"euclid-elements-book-i-q4","title":"Elements, Book I","text":"The whole is greater than its part.","work":"Elements, Book I","author":"Euclid","url":"/works/euclid-elements-book-i/#euclid-elements-book-i-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"euclid-elements-book-i-q5","title":"Elements, Book I","text":"Euclid’s object was to teach Theoretical and not Practical Geometry, and the only things he postulates are the drawing of right lines and the describing of circles.","work":"Elements, Book I","author":"Euclid","url":"/works/euclid-elements-book-i/#euclid-elements-book-i-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"euclid-elements-book-i-q6","title":"Elements, Book I","text":"the sum of the three internal angles is equal to two right angles.","work":"Elements, Book I","author":"Euclid","url":"/works/euclid-elements-book-i/#euclid-elements-book-i-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"euclid-elements-book-i-q7","title":"Elements, Book I","text":"In a right-angled triangle (ABC) the square on the hypotenuse (AB) is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides (AC, BC).","work":"Elements, Book I","author":"Euclid","url":"/works/euclid-elements-book-i/#euclid-elements-book-i-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"emma-q1","title":"Emma","text":"Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her.","work":"Emma","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/emma/#emma-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"emma-q2","title":"Emma","text":"One half of the world cannot understand the pleasures of the other.","work":"Emma","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/emma/#emma-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"emma-q3","title":"Emma","text":"Were I to fall in love, indeed, it would be a different thing! but I never have been in love; it is not my way, or my nature; and I do not think I ever shall.","work":"Emma","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/emma/#emma-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"emma-q4","title":"Emma","text":"Ah! ma’am, but there may be a difficulty. Pardon me—but you will be limited as to number—only three at once.","work":"Emma","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/emma/#emma-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"emma-q5","title":"Emma","text":"She is poor; she has sunk from the comforts she was born to; and, if she live to old age, must probably sink more. Her situation should secure your compassion. It was badly done, indeed!","work":"Emma","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/emma/#emma-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"emma-q6","title":"Emma","text":"It darted through her, with the speed of an arrow, that Mr. Knightley must marry no one but herself!","work":"Emma","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/emma/#emma-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"emma-q7","title":"Emma","text":"If I loved you less, I might be able to talk about it more.","work":"Emma","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/emma/#emma-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"emma-q8","title":"Emma","text":"Seldom, very seldom, does complete truth belong to any human disclosure; seldom can it happen that something is not a little disguised, or a little mistaken","work":"Emma","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/emma/#emma-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"engel-v-vitale-q1","title":"Engel v. Vitale","text":"it is no part of the business of government to compose official prayers for any group of the American people to recite as a part of a religious program carried on by government.","work":"Engel v. Vitale","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/engel-v-vitale/#engel-v-vitale-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"engel-v-vitale-q2","title":"Engel v. Vitale","text":"When the power, prestige and financial support of government is placed behind a particular religious belief, the indirect coercive pressure upon religious minorities to conform to the prevailing officially approved religion is plain.","work":"Engel v. Vitale","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/engel-v-vitale/#engel-v-vitale-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"engel-v-vitale-q3","title":"Engel v. Vitale","text":"Its first and most immediate purpose rested on the belief that a union of government and religion tends to destroy government and to degrade religion.","work":"Engel v. Vitale","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/engel-v-vitale/#engel-v-vitale-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"engel-v-vitale-q4","title":"Engel v. Vitale","text":"The history of man is inseparable from the history of religion.","work":"Engel v. Vitale","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/engel-v-vitale/#engel-v-vitale-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"engel-v-vitale-q5","title":"Engel v. Vitale","text":"I cannot see how an \"official religion\" is established by letting those who want to say a prayer say it.","work":"Engel v. Vitale","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/engel-v-vitale/#engel-v-vitale-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"engel-v-vitale-q6","title":"Engel v. Vitale","text":"On the contrary, I think that to deny the wish of these school children to join in reciting this prayer is to deny them the opportunity of sharing in the spiritual heritage of our Nation.","work":"Engel v. Vitale","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/engel-v-vitale/#engel-v-vitale-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"enneads-q1","title":"Enneads","text":"he must learn to recognise the beauty in the arts, sciences, virtues; then these severed and particular forms must be brought under the one principle","work":"Enneads","author":"Plotinus","url":"/works/enneads/#enneads-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder-q1","title":"Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder","text":"The words \"manipulative or deceptive\" used in conjunction with \"device or contrivance\" strongly suggest that § 10(b) was intended to proscribe knowing or intentional misconduct.","work":"Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder/#ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder-q2","title":"Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder","text":"Thus, despite the broad view of the Rule advanced by the Commission in this case, its scope cannot exceed the power granted the Commission by Congress under § 10(b).","work":"Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder/#ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder-q3","title":"Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder","text":"When a statute speaks so specifically in terms of manipulation and deception, and of implementing devices and contrivances the commonly understood terminology of intentional wrongdoing and when its history reflects no more expansive intent, we are quite unwilling to extend the scope of the statute to negligent conduct.","work":"Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder/#ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder-q4","title":"Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder","text":"Perhaps the Court is right, but I doubt it.","work":"Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder/#ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder-q5","title":"Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder","text":"It seems to me, however, that an investor can be victimized just as much by negligent conduct as by positive deception, and that it is not logical to drive a wedge between the two, saying that Congress clearly intended the one but certainly not the other.","work":"Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder/#ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder-q6","title":"Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder","text":"The critical importance of the auditing accountant's role in insuring full disclosure cannot be overestimated.","work":"Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder/#ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-bacon-q1","title":"Essays","text":"WHAT is truth? said jesting Pilate, and would not stay for an answer","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#essays-bacon-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-bacon-q2","title":"Essays","text":"Doth any man doubt, that if there were taken out of men's minds, vain opinions, flattering hopes, false valuations, imaginations as one would, and the like, but it would leave the minds, of a number of men, poor shrunken things, full of melancholy and indisposition, and unpleasing to themselves","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#essays-bacon-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-bacon-q3","title":"Essays","text":"MEN fear death, as children fear to go in the dark; and as that natural fear in children, is increased with tales, so is the other","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#essays-bacon-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-bacon-q4","title":"Essays","text":"Groans, and convulsions, and a discolored face, and friends weeping, and blacks, and obsequies, and the like, show death terrible","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#essays-bacon-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-bacon-q5","title":"Essays","text":"It is as natural to die, as to be born; and to a little infant, perhaps, the one is as painful, as the other","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#essays-bacon-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-bacon-q6","title":"Essays","text":"REVENGE is a kind of wild justice; which the more man's nature runs to, the more ought law to weed it out","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#essays-bacon-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-bacon-q7","title":"Essays","text":"Certainly virtue is like precious odors, most fragrant when they are incensed, or crushed","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#essays-bacon-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-bacon-q8","title":"Essays","text":"HE THAT hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#essays-bacon-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-bacon-q9","title":"Essays","text":"you may take sarza to open the liver, steel to open the spleen, flowers of sulphur for the lungs, castoreum for the brain; but no receipt openeth the heart, but a true friend","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#essays-bacon-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-bacon-q10","title":"Essays","text":"for it redoubleth joys, and cutteth griefs in halves","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#essays-bacon-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-bacon-q11","title":"Essays","text":"a man's own observation, what he finds good of, and what he finds hurt of, is the best physic to preserve health","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#essays-bacon-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-bacon-q12","title":"Essays","text":"As for the passions, and studies of the mind; avoid envy, anxious fears; anger fretting inwards; subtle and knotty inquisitions; joys and exhilarations in excess; sadness not communicated","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#essays-bacon-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-bacon-q13","title":"Essays","text":"Physicians are, some of them, so pleasing and conformable to the humor of the patient, as they press not the true cure of the disease; and some other are so regular, in proceeding according to art for the disease, as they respect not sufficiently the condition of the patient","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#essays-bacon-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-bacon-q14","title":"Essays","text":"Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#essays-bacon-q14"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-bacon-q15","title":"Essays","text":"Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#essays-bacon-q15"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-montaigne-q1","title":"Essays","text":"Thus, reader, myself am the matter of my book: there’s no reason thou shouldst employ thy leisure about so frivolous and vain a subject","work":"Essays","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/essays-montaigne/#essays-montaigne-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-montaigne-q2","title":"Essays","text":"The premeditation of death is the premeditation of liberty; he who has learned to die has unlearned to serve","work":"Essays","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/essays-montaigne/#essays-montaigne-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-montaigne-q3","title":"Essays","text":"the very sight of another’s pain materially pains me, and I often usurp the sensations of another person","work":"Essays","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/essays-montaigne/#essays-montaigne-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-montaigne-q4","title":"Essays","text":"he found the same operation and effect that those do who have taken one indeed","work":"Essays","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/essays-montaigne/#essays-montaigne-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-montaigne-q5","title":"Essays","text":"If a man should importune me to give a reason why I loved him, I find it could no otherwise be expressed, than by making answer: because it was he, because it was I","work":"Essays","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/essays-montaigne/#essays-montaigne-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-montaigne-q6","title":"Essays","text":"every one gives the title of barbarism to everything that is not in use in his own country","work":"Essays","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/essays-montaigne/#essays-montaigne-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-montaigne-q7","title":"Essays","text":"When I play with my cat who knows whether I do not make her more sport than she makes me","work":"Essays","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/essays-montaigne/#essays-montaigne-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-montaigne-q8","title":"Essays","text":"This fancy will be more certainly understood by interrogation: “What do I know?” as I bear it with the emblem of a balance","work":"Essays","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/essays-montaigne/#essays-montaigne-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-montaigne-q9","title":"Essays","text":"I am in conflict with the worst, the most sudden, the most painful, the most mortal, and the most irremediable of all diseases","work":"Essays","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/essays-montaigne/#essays-montaigne-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-montaigne-q10","title":"Essays","text":"every man carries the entire form of human condition","work":"Essays","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/essays-montaigne/#essays-montaigne-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-montaigne-q11","title":"Essays","text":"I study myself more than any other subject; ‘tis my metaphysic, my physic","work":"Essays","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/essays-montaigne/#essays-montaigne-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-montaigne-q12","title":"Essays","text":"When I dance, I dance; when I sleep, I sleep","work":"Essays","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/essays-montaigne/#essays-montaigne-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-montaigne-q13","title":"Essays","text":"when seated upon the most elevated throne in the world, we are but seated upon our breech","work":"Essays","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/essays-montaigne/#essays-montaigne-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-and-aphorisms-q1","title":"Essays and Aphorisms","text":"in his unrelenting cruelty man is in no way inferior to the tiger and the hyaena","work":"Essays and Aphorisms","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/essays-and-aphorisms/#essays-and-aphorisms-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-and-aphorisms-q2","title":"Essays and Aphorisms","text":"In every man there dwells, first and foremost, a colossal egoism, which breaks the bounds of right and justice with the greatest freedom","work":"Essays and Aphorisms","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/essays-and-aphorisms/#essays-and-aphorisms-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-and-aphorisms-q3","title":"Essays and Aphorisms","text":"in hatred too, which stands to anger like a chronic to an acute disease, a man may indulge with the greatest delight","work":"Essays and Aphorisms","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/essays-and-aphorisms/#essays-and-aphorisms-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-and-aphorisms-q4","title":"Essays and Aphorisms","text":"man is the only animal which causes pain to others without any further purpose than just to cause it","work":"Essays and Aphorisms","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/essays-and-aphorisms/#essays-and-aphorisms-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-and-aphorisms-q5","title":"Essays and Aphorisms","text":"it is the will to live, which, more and more embittered by the constant sufferings of existence, seeks to alleviate its own torment by causing torment in others","work":"Essays and Aphorisms","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/essays-and-aphorisms/#essays-and-aphorisms-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-and-aphorisms-q6","title":"Essays and Aphorisms","text":"But it is _Schadenfreude_, a mischievous delight in the misfortunes of others, which remains the worst trait in human nature","work":"Essays and Aphorisms","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/essays-and-aphorisms/#essays-and-aphorisms-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-and-aphorisms-q7","title":"Essays and Aphorisms","text":"they are only masks, and, as a rule, behind the masks you will find moneymakers","work":"Essays and Aphorisms","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/essays-and-aphorisms/#essays-and-aphorisms-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-and-aphorisms-q8","title":"Essays and Aphorisms","text":"A man's character, as my readers are aware, assuredly comes to him from his father","work":"Essays and Aphorisms","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/essays-and-aphorisms/#essays-and-aphorisms-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-and-aphorisms-q9","title":"Essays and Aphorisms","text":"while our several actions are in no wise free, every man's individual character is to be regarded as a free act","work":"Essays and Aphorisms","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/essays-and-aphorisms/#essays-and-aphorisms-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-and-aphorisms-q10","title":"Essays and Aphorisms","text":"The chief cause of intellectual diversity is to be found in the brain and nervous system","work":"Essays and Aphorisms","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/essays-and-aphorisms/#essays-and-aphorisms-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-and-aphorisms-q11","title":"Essays and Aphorisms","text":"Compared with the Moral Law the State is a crutch instead of a limb, an automaton instead of a man","work":"Essays and Aphorisms","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/essays-and-aphorisms/#essays-and-aphorisms-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"essays-and-aphorisms-q12","title":"Essays and Aphorisms","text":"It is in their person that we become aware of human misery; we are filled with sympathy; and the result of this mood is general benevolence, philanthropy","work":"Essays and Aphorisms","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/essays-and-aphorisms/#essays-and-aphorisms-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic-q1","title":"Essays on Education in a Republic","text":"Freedom can exist only in the society of knowledge.","work":"Essays on Education in a Republic","author":"Benjamin Rush","url":"/works/rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic/#rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic-q2","title":"Essays on Education in a Republic","text":"the only foundation for a useful education in a republic is to be laid in Religion. Without this there can be no virtue, and without virtue there can be no liberty, and liberty is the object and life of all republican governments.","work":"Essays on Education in a Republic","author":"Benjamin Rush","url":"/works/rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic/#rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic-q3","title":"Essays on Education in a Republic","text":"I consider it is possible to convert men into republican machines.","work":"Essays on Education in a Republic","author":"Benjamin Rush","url":"/works/rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic/#rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic-q4","title":"Essays on Education in a Republic","text":"The knowledge of things always preceeds the knowledge of words.","work":"Essays on Education in a Republic","author":"Benjamin Rush","url":"/works/rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic/#rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic-q5","title":"Essays on Education in a Republic","text":"The rod is yet the principal instrument of governing them, and a school-master remains the only despot now known in free countries.","work":"Essays on Education in a Republic","author":"Benjamin Rush","url":"/works/rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic/#rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic-q6","title":"Essays on Education in a Republic","text":"A kind rebuke, like fresh air in a fainting fit, is calculated to act upon a young mind with more effect, than stimulants of the greatest power","work":"Essays on Education in a Republic","author":"Benjamin Rush","url":"/works/rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic/#rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic-q7","title":"Essays on Education in a Republic","text":"The equal share that every citizen has in the liberty, and the possible share he may have in the government of our country, make it necessary that our ladies should be qualified to a certain degree by a peculiar and suitable education, to concur in instructing their sons in the principles of liberty and government.","work":"Essays on Education in a Republic","author":"Benjamin Rush","url":"/works/rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic/#rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic-q8","title":"Essays on Education in a Republic","text":"We profess to be republicans, and yet we neglect the only means of establishing and perpetuating our republican forms of government, that is, the universal education of our youth in the principles of christianity, by means of the bible","work":"Essays on Education in a Republic","author":"Benjamin Rush","url":"/works/rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic/#rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"hume-political-essays-q1","title":"Essays, Moral and Political (selection)","text":"as Force is always on the side of the governed, the governors have nothing to support them but opinion. It is, therefore, on opinion only that government is founded","work":"Essays, Moral and Political (selection)","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/hume-political-essays/#hume-political-essays-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"hume-political-essays-q2","title":"Essays, Moral and Political (selection)","text":"So great is the force of laws, and of particular forms of government, and so little dependence have they on the humours and tempers of men, that consequences almost as general and certain may sometimes be deduced from them, as any which the mathematical sciences afford us.","work":"Essays, Moral and Political (selection)","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/hume-political-essays/#hume-political-essays-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"hume-political-essays-q3","title":"Essays, Moral and Political (selection)","text":"It is seldom that liberty of any kind is lost all at once.","work":"Essays, Moral and Political (selection)","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/hume-political-essays/#hume-political-essays-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"hume-political-essays-q4","title":"Essays, Moral and Political (selection)","text":"We are, therefore, to look upon all the vast apparatus of our government, as having ultimately no other object or purpose but the distribution of justice, or, in other words, the support of the twelve judges.","work":"Essays, Moral and Political (selection)","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/hume-political-essays/#hume-political-essays-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"hume-political-essays-q5","title":"Essays, Moral and Political (selection)","text":"Factions subvert government, render laws impotent, and beget the fiercest animosities among men of the same nation, who ought to give mutual assistance and protection to each other.","work":"Essays, Moral and Political (selection)","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/hume-political-essays/#hume-political-essays-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"hume-political-essays-q6","title":"Essays, Moral and Political (selection)","text":"Weakness, fear, melancholy, together with ignorance, are, therefore, the true sources of Superstition.","work":"Essays, Moral and Political (selection)","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/hume-political-essays/#hume-political-essays-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"emerson-essays-q1","title":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","text":"there is properly no history, only biography.","work":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","author":"Ralph Waldo Emerson","url":"/works/emerson-essays/#emerson-essays-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"emerson-essays-q2","title":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","text":"Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string.","work":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","author":"Ralph Waldo Emerson","url":"/works/emerson-essays/#emerson-essays-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"emerson-essays-q3","title":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","text":"Whoso would be a man, must be a nonconformist.","work":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","author":"Ralph Waldo Emerson","url":"/works/emerson-essays/#emerson-essays-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"emerson-essays-q4","title":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","text":"A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines.","work":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","author":"Ralph Waldo Emerson","url":"/works/emerson-essays/#emerson-essays-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"emerson-essays-q5","title":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","text":"Travelling is a fool’s paradise.","work":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","author":"Ralph Waldo Emerson","url":"/works/emerson-essays/#emerson-essays-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"emerson-essays-q6","title":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","text":"Nothing can bring you peace but yourself. Nothing can bring you peace but the triumph of principles.","work":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","author":"Ralph Waldo Emerson","url":"/works/emerson-essays/#emerson-essays-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"emerson-essays-q7","title":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","text":"A friend is a person with whom I may be sincere. Before him I may think aloud.","work":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","author":"Ralph Waldo Emerson","url":"/works/emerson-essays/#emerson-essays-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"emerson-essays-q8","title":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","text":"Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.","work":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","author":"Ralph Waldo Emerson","url":"/works/emerson-essays/#emerson-essays-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"ethics-q1","title":"Ethics","text":"So they will pursue their questions from cause to cause, till at last you take refuge in the will of God--in other words, the sanctuary of ignorance","work":"Ethics","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/ethics/#ethics-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"ethics-q2","title":"Ethics","text":"PROP. XIII. The object of the idea constituting the human mind is the body, in other words a certain mode of extension which actually exists, and nothing else","work":"Ethics","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/ethics/#ethics-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"ethics-q3","title":"Ethics","text":"I shall consider human actions and desires in exactly the same manner, as though I were concerned with lines, planes, and solids","work":"Ethics","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/ethics/#ethics-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"ethics-q4","title":"Ethics","text":"PROP. VI. Everything, in so far as it is in itself, endeavours to persist in its own being","work":"Ethics","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/ethics/#ethics-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"ethics-q5","title":"Ethics","text":"II. Pleasure is the transition of a man from a less to a greater perfection","work":"Ethics","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/ethics/#ethics-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"ethics-q6","title":"Ethics","text":"Human infirmity in moderating and checking the emotions I name bondage","work":"Ethics","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/ethics/#ethics-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"ethics-q7","title":"Ethics","text":"As I have heard tell of a certain Spanish poet, who had been seized with sickness, and though he recovered therefrom yet remained so oblivious of his past life, that he would not believe the plays and tragedies he had written to be his own","work":"Ethics","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/ethics/#ethics-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"ethics-q8","title":"Ethics","text":"PROP. XLII. Mirth cannot be excessive, but is always good; contrariwise, Melancholy is always bad","work":"Ethics","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/ethics/#ethics-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"ethics-q9","title":"Ethics","text":"But, in reality, Avarice, Ambition, Lust, &c., are species of madness, though they may not be reckoned among diseases","work":"Ethics","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/ethics/#ethics-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"ethics-q10","title":"Ethics","text":"PROP. LIV. Repentance is not a virtue, or does not arise from reason; but he who repents of an action is doubly wretched or infirm","work":"Ethics","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/ethics/#ethics-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"ethics-q11","title":"Ethics","text":"PROP. LXVII. A free man thinks of death least of all things; and his wisdom is a meditation not of death but of life","work":"Ethics","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/ethics/#ethics-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"ethics-q12","title":"Ethics","text":"PROP. III. An emotion, which is a passion, ceases to be a passion, as soon as we form a clear and distinct idea thereof","work":"Ethics","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/ethics/#ethics-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"ethics-q13","title":"Ethics","text":"But all things excellent are as difficult as they are rare","work":"Ethics","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/ethics/#ethics-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"everson-v-board-of-education-q1","title":"Everson v. Board of Education","text":"The \"establishment of religion\" clause of the First Amendment means at least this: neither a state nor the Federal Government can set up a church.","work":"Everson v. Board of Education","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/everson-v-board-of-education/#everson-v-board-of-education-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"everson-v-board-of-education-q2","title":"Everson v. Board of Education","text":"No tax in any amount, large or small, can be levied to support any religious activities or institutions, whatever they may be called, or whatever form they may adopt to teach or practice religion.","work":"Everson v. Board of Education","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/everson-v-board-of-education/#everson-v-board-of-education-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"everson-v-board-of-education-q3","title":"Everson v. Board of Education","text":"That Amendment requires the state to be a neutral in its relations with groups of religious believers and nonbelievers; it does not require the state to be their adversary.","work":"Everson v. Board of Education","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/everson-v-board-of-education/#everson-v-board-of-education-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"everson-v-board-of-education-q4","title":"Everson v. Board of Education","text":"The First Amendment has erected a wall between church and state. That wall must be kept high and impregnable. We could not approve the slightest breach. New Jersey has not breached it here.","work":"Everson v. Board of Education","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/everson-v-board-of-education/#everson-v-board-of-education-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"everson-v-board-of-education-q5","title":"Everson v. Board of Education","text":"In fact, the undertones of the opinion, advocating complete and uncompromising separation of Church from State, seem utterly discordant with its conclusion, yielding support to their commingling in educational matters.","work":"Everson v. Board of Education","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/everson-v-board-of-education/#everson-v-board-of-education-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"everson-v-board-of-education-q6","title":"Everson v. Board of Education","text":"Not simply an established church, but any law respecting an establishment of religion, is forbidden.","work":"Everson v. Board of Education","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/everson-v-board-of-education/#everson-v-board-of-education-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"ex-parte-milligan-q1","title":"Ex parte Milligan","text":"The Constitution of the United States is a law for rulers and people, equally in war and in peace, and covers with the shield of its protection all classes of men, at all times, and under all circumstances.","work":"Ex parte Milligan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ex-parte-milligan/#ex-parte-milligan-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"ex-parte-milligan-q2","title":"Ex parte Milligan","text":"No doctrine, involving more pernicious consequences, was ever invented by the wit of man than that any of its provisions can be suspended during any of the great exigencies of government.","work":"Ex parte Milligan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ex-parte-milligan/#ex-parte-milligan-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"ex-parte-milligan-q3","title":"Ex parte Milligan","text":"The necessity must be actual and present; the invasion real, such as effectually closes the courts and deposes the civil administration.","work":"Ex parte Milligan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ex-parte-milligan/#ex-parte-milligan-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"ex-parte-milligan-q4","title":"Ex parte Milligan","text":"Martial rule can never exist where the courts are open, and in the proper and unobstructed exercise of their jurisdiction.","work":"Ex parte Milligan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ex-parte-milligan/#ex-parte-milligan-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"ex-parte-milligan-q5","title":"Ex parte Milligan","text":"We assent, fully, to all that is said, in the opinion, of the inestimable value of the trial by jury, and of the other constitutional safeguards of civil liberty.","work":"Ex parte Milligan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ex-parte-milligan/#ex-parte-milligan-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"ex-parte-milligan-q6","title":"Ex parte Milligan","text":"We think that Congress had power, though not exercised, to authorize the military commission which was held in Indiana.","work":"Ex parte Milligan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ex-parte-milligan/#ex-parte-milligan-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"dewey-experience-and-education-q1","title":"Experience and Education","text":"The belief that all genuine education comes about through experience does not mean that all experiences are genuinely or equally educative.","work":"Experience and Education","author":"John Dewey","url":"/works/dewey-experience-and-education/#dewey-experience-and-education-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"dewey-experience-and-education-q2","title":"Experience and Education","text":"It is not enough to insist upon the necessity of experience, nor even of activity in experience.","work":"Experience and Education","author":"John Dewey","url":"/works/dewey-experience-and-education/#dewey-experience-and-education-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity-q1","title":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","text":"I may be allowed to express my great satisfaction at finding, that the different parts, written at intervals during seven years, harmonize so well as they do.","work":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity/#faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity-q2","title":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","text":"the hope of obtaining electricity from ordinary magnetism, have stimulated me at various times to investigate experimentally the inductive effect of electric currents","work":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity/#faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity-q3","title":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","text":"When the contact was made, there was a sudden and very slight effect at the galvanometer, and there was also a similar slight effect when the contact with the battery was broken.","work":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity/#faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity-q4","title":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","text":"Here therefore was demonstrated the production of a permanent current of electricity by ordinary magnets","work":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity/#faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity-q5","title":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","text":"The sensation upon the tongue, and the flash before the eyes, which I at first obtained only in a feeble degree (56.), have been since exalted by more powerful apparatus, so as to become even disagreeable.","work":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity/#faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity-q6","title":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","text":"The phenomena in the five kinds or species quoted, differ, not in their character but only in degree","work":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity/#faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity-q7","title":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","text":"Thus, 8 is the electro-chemical equivalent of oxygen, whether separating from hydrogen, or tin, or lead","work":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity/#faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity-q8","title":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","text":"for though it is very easy to talk of atoms, it is very difficult to form a clear idea of their nature, especially when compound bodies are under consideration.","work":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity/#faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation-q1","title":"Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)","text":"an unknown man, Gregor Johann Mendel, had, alone, and unheeded, broken off from the rest--in the moment that Darwin was at work--and cut a way through.","work":"Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)","author":"Gregor Mendel; William Bateson","url":"/works/mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation/#mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation-q2","title":"Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)","text":"It requires indeed some courage to undertake a labour of such far-reaching extent","work":"Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)","author":"Gregor Mendel; William Bateson","url":"/works/mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation/#mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation-q3","title":"Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)","text":"The value and utility of any experiment are determined by the fitness of the material to the purpose for which it is used","work":"Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)","author":"Gregor Mendel; William Bateson","url":"/works/mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation/#mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation-q4","title":"Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)","text":"The expression “recessive” has been chosen because the characters thereby designated withdraw or entirely disappear in the hybrids, but nevertheless reappear unchanged in their progeny","work":"Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)","author":"Gregor Mendel; William Bateson","url":"/works/mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation/#mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation-q5","title":"Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)","text":"there is found, as between the number of forms with the dominant and recessive characters, an average ratio of 2·98 to 1, or 3 to 1.","work":"Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)","author":"Gregor Mendel; William Bateson","url":"/works/mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation/#mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation-q6","title":"Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)","text":"Had Mendel’s work come into the hands of Darwin, it is not too much to say that the history of the development of evolutionary philosophy would have been very different from that which we have witnessed.","work":"Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)","author":"Gregor Mendel; William Bateson","url":"/works/mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation/#mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation-q7","title":"Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)","text":"Each conception of life in which heredity bears a part--and which of them is exempt?--must change before the coming rush of facts.","work":"Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)","author":"Gregor Mendel; William Bateson","url":"/works/mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation/#mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"fahrenheit-451-q1","title":"Fahrenheit 451","text":"It was a pleasure to burn.","work":"Fahrenheit 451","author":"Ray Bradbury","url":"/works/fahrenheit-451/#fahrenheit-451-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"fahrenheit-451-q2","title":"Fahrenheit 451","text":"“Stuff your eyes with wonder,” he said, “live as if you'd drop dead in ten seconds.”","work":"Fahrenheit 451","author":"Ray Bradbury","url":"/works/fahrenheit-451/#fahrenheit-451-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry-q1","title":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","text":"for every one is a visionary, if you scratch him deep enough. But the Celt is a visionary without scratching.","work":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","author":"W. B. Yeats (editor)","url":"/works/fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry/#fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry-q2","title":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","text":"Fallen angels who were not good enough to be saved, nor bad enough to be lost,","work":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","author":"W. B. Yeats (editor)","url":"/works/fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry/#fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry-q3","title":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","text":"Up the airy mountain, Down the rushy glen, We daren't go a-hunting For fear of little men;","work":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","author":"W. B. Yeats (editor)","url":"/works/fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry/#fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry-q4","title":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","text":"Come away, O, human child! To the woods and waters wild, With a fairy hand in hand, For the world's more full of weeping than you can understand.","work":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","author":"W. B. Yeats (editor)","url":"/works/fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry/#fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry-q5","title":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","text":"There was once a poor man who lived in the fertile glen of Aherlow, at the foot of the gloomy Galtee mountains, and he had a great hump on his back:","work":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","author":"W. B. Yeats (editor)","url":"/works/fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry/#fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry-q6","title":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","text":"is an attendant fairy that follows the old families, and none but them, and wails before a death.","work":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","author":"W. B. Yeats (editor)","url":"/works/fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry/#fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry-q7","title":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","text":"Witches and fairy doctors receive their power from opposite dynasties;","work":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","author":"W. B. Yeats (editor)","url":"/works/fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry/#fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry-q8","title":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","text":"She was the idol of the people and the providence of the indigent.","work":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","author":"W. B. Yeats (editor)","url":"/works/fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry/#fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"andersen-fairy-tales-q1","title":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","text":"he stood as firmly upon his one leg as the others on their two","work":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/andersen-fairy-tales/#andersen-fairy-tales-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"andersen-fairy-tales-q2","title":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","text":"We can live to be three hundred years old, but when we cease to exist here, we are turned into foam on the surface of the water","work":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/andersen-fairy-tales/#andersen-fairy-tales-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"andersen-fairy-tales-q3","title":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","text":"No clothes of the emperor's had ever had such a success as these.","work":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/andersen-fairy-tales/#andersen-fairy-tales-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"andersen-fairy-tales-q4","title":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","text":"I have seen tears in the Emperor's eyes — that is the real treasure to me.","work":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/andersen-fairy-tales/#andersen-fairy-tales-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"andersen-fairy-tales-q5","title":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","text":"he was so happy, and yet not at all proud.","work":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/andersen-fairy-tales/#andersen-fairy-tales-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"andersen-fairy-tales-q6","title":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","text":"Roses bloom and roses decay, But we the Christ-child shall see one day.","work":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/andersen-fairy-tales/#andersen-fairy-tales-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"andersen-fairy-tales-q7","title":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","text":"There they both sat, grown up, and yet children — children in heart","work":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/andersen-fairy-tales/#andersen-fairy-tales-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"andersen-fairy-tales-q8","title":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","text":"when a star fell down a soul mounted up to God.","work":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/andersen-fairy-tales/#andersen-fairy-tales-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"far-from-the-madding-crowd-q1","title":"Far from the Madding Crowd","text":"When Farmer Oak smiled, the corners of his mouth spread till they were within an unimportant distance of his ears","work":"Far from the Madding Crowd","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/far-from-the-madding-crowd/#far-from-the-madding-crowd-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"far-from-the-madding-crowd-q2","title":"Far from the Madding Crowd","text":"And at home by the fire, whenever you look up, there I shall be—and whenever I look up, there will be you.","work":"Far from the Madding Crowd","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/far-from-the-madding-crowd/#far-from-the-madding-crowd-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"far-from-the-madding-crowd-q3","title":"Far from the Madding Crowd","text":"I want somebody to tame me; I am too independent","work":"Far from the Madding Crowd","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/far-from-the-madding-crowd/#far-from-the-madding-crowd-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"far-from-the-madding-crowd-q4","title":"Far from the Madding Crowd","text":"Love is a possible strength in an actual weakness.","work":"Far from the Madding Crowd","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/far-from-the-madding-crowd/#far-from-the-madding-crowd-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"far-from-the-madding-crowd-q5","title":"Far from the Madding Crowd","text":"It was a small tube or trochar, with a lance passing down the inside; and Gabriel began to use it with a dexterity that would have graced a hospital-surgeon.","work":"Far from the Madding Crowd","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/far-from-the-madding-crowd/#far-from-the-madding-crowd-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"far-from-the-madding-crowd-q6","title":"Far from the Madding Crowd","text":"Theirs was that substantial affection which arises (if any arises at all) when the two who are thrown together begin first by knowing the rougher sides of each other’s character, and not the best till further on, the romance growing up in the interstices of a mass of hard prosaic reality.","work":"Far from the Madding Crowd","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/far-from-the-madding-crowd/#far-from-the-madding-crowd-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"far-from-the-madding-crowd-q7","title":"Far from the Madding Crowd","text":"It is difficult for a woman to define her feelings in language which is chiefly made by men to express theirs.","work":"Far from the Madding Crowd","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/far-from-the-madding-crowd/#far-from-the-madding-crowd-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"far-from-the-madding-crowd-q8","title":"Far from the Madding Crowd","text":"These somewhat pathetic evidences of a mind crazed with care and love","work":"Far from the Madding Crowd","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/far-from-the-madding-crowd/#far-from-the-madding-crowd-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"luckiest-man-speech-q1","title":"Farewell to Baseball (\"The Luckiest Man on the Face of the Earth\")","text":"Today I consider myself the luckiest man on the face of the earth.","work":"Farewell to Baseball (\"The Luckiest Man on the Face of the Earth\")","author":"Lou Gehrig","url":"/works/luckiest-man-speech/#luckiest-man-speech-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"luckiest-man-speech-q2","title":"Farewell to Baseball (\"The Luckiest Man on the Face of the Earth\")","text":"I might have been given a bad break, but I've got an awful lot to live for.","work":"Farewell to Baseball (\"The Luckiest Man on the Face of the Earth\")","author":"Lou Gehrig","url":"/works/luckiest-man-speech/#luckiest-man-speech-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"farmer-boy-q1","title":"Farmer Boy","text":"A farmer depends on himself, and the land and the weather.","work":"Farmer Boy","author":"Laura Ingalls Wilder","url":"/works/farmer-boy/#farmer-boy-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"farmer-boy-q2","title":"Farmer Boy","text":"You'll be free and independent, son, on a farm.","work":"Farmer Boy","author":"Laura Ingalls Wilder","url":"/works/farmer-boy/#farmer-boy-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"balzac-father-goriot-q1","title":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","text":"once for all, this drama is neither a fiction nor a romance!","work":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","author":"Honoré de Balzac","url":"/works/balzac-father-goriot/#balzac-father-goriot-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"balzac-father-goriot-q2","title":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","text":"Men and women for you must be nothing more than post-horses; take a fresh relay, and leave the last to drop by the roadside","work":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","author":"Honoré de Balzac","url":"/works/balzac-father-goriot/#balzac-father-goriot-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"balzac-father-goriot-q3","title":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","text":"There are no such things as principles; there are only events, and there are no laws but those of expediency","work":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","author":"Honoré de Balzac","url":"/works/balzac-father-goriot/#balzac-father-goriot-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"balzac-father-goriot-q4","title":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","text":"The secret of a great success for which you are at a loss to account is a crime that has never been found out, because it was properly executed.","work":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","author":"Honoré de Balzac","url":"/works/balzac-father-goriot/#balzac-father-goriot-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"balzac-father-goriot-q5","title":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","text":"Not until you are dying do you know your children","work":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","author":"Honoré de Balzac","url":"/works/balzac-father-goriot/#balzac-father-goriot-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"balzac-father-goriot-q6","title":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","text":"You give them life; they give you your deathblow. You bring them into the world, and they send you out of it.","work":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","author":"Honoré de Balzac","url":"/works/balzac-father-goriot/#balzac-father-goriot-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"balzac-father-goriot-q7","title":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","text":"he was a good and worthy man, who never said one word louder than another; he never did any one any harm, and gave nobody any trouble.","work":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","author":"Honoré de Balzac","url":"/works/balzac-father-goriot/#balzac-father-goriot-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"balzac-father-goriot-q8","title":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","text":"Henceforth there is war between us.","work":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","author":"Honoré de Balzac","url":"/works/balzac-father-goriot/#balzac-father-goriot-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"fathers-and-sons-q1","title":"Fathers and Sons","text":"A nihilist is a man who does not bow down before any authority, who does not take any principle on faith, whatever reverence that principle may be enshrined in.","work":"Fathers and Sons","author":"Ivan Turgenev","url":"/works/fathers-and-sons/#fathers-and-sons-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"fathers-and-sons-q2","title":"Fathers and Sons","text":"A decent chemist is twenty times as useful as any poet.","work":"Fathers and Sons","author":"Ivan Turgenev","url":"/works/fathers-and-sons/#fathers-and-sons-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"fathers-and-sons-q3","title":"Fathers and Sons","text":"Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man's the workman in it.","work":"Fathers and Sons","author":"Ivan Turgenev","url":"/works/fathers-and-sons/#fathers-and-sons-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"fathers-and-sons-q4","title":"Fathers and Sons","text":"they tell us not of eternal peace alone, of that great peace of 'indifferent' nature; they tell us, too, of eternal reconciliation and of life without end.","work":"Fathers and Sons","author":"Ivan Turgenev","url":"/works/fathers-and-sons/#fathers-and-sons-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"goethe-faust-part-one-q1","title":"Faust, Part One","text":"While Man’s desires and aspirations stir, He cannot choose but err.","work":"Faust, Part One","author":"Johann Wolfgang von Goethe","url":"/works/goethe-faust-part-one/#goethe-faust-part-one-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"goethe-faust-part-one-q2","title":"Faust, Part One","text":"A good man, through obscurest aspiration, Has still an instinct of the one true way.","work":"Faust, Part One","author":"Johann Wolfgang von Goethe","url":"/works/goethe-faust-part-one/#goethe-faust-part-one-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"goethe-faust-part-one-q3","title":"Faust, Part One","text":"I’ve studied now Philosophy And Jurisprudence, Medicine,— And even, alas! Theology,— From end to end, with labor keen; And here, poor fool! with all my lore I stand, no wiser than before","work":"Faust, Part One","author":"Johann Wolfgang von Goethe","url":"/works/goethe-faust-part-one/#goethe-faust-part-one-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"goethe-faust-part-one-q4","title":"Faust, Part One","text":"Two souls, alas! reside within my breast, And each withdraws from, and repels, its brother.","work":"Faust, Part One","author":"Johann Wolfgang von Goethe","url":"/works/goethe-faust-part-one/#goethe-faust-part-one-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"goethe-faust-part-one-q5","title":"Faust, Part One","text":"Part of that Power, not understood, Which always wills the Bad, and always works the Good.","work":"Faust, Part One","author":"Johann Wolfgang von Goethe","url":"/works/goethe-faust-part-one/#goethe-faust-part-one-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"goethe-faust-part-one-q6","title":"Faust, Part One","text":"When thus I hail the Moment flying: “Ah, still delay—thou art so fair!” Then bind me in thy bonds undying, My final ruin then declare!","work":"Faust, Part One","author":"Johann Wolfgang von Goethe","url":"/works/goethe-faust-part-one/#goethe-faust-part-one-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"goethe-faust-part-one-q7","title":"Faust, Part One","text":"My worthy friend, gray are all theories, And green alone Life’s golden tree.","work":"Faust, Part One","author":"Johann Wolfgang von Goethe","url":"/works/goethe-faust-part-one/#goethe-faust-part-one-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"goethe-faust-part-one-q8","title":"Faust, Part One","text":"My peace is gone, My heart is sore: I never shall find it, Ah, nevermore!","work":"Faust, Part One","author":"Johann Wolfgang von Goethe","url":"/works/goethe-faust-part-one/#goethe-faust-part-one-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"fdr-first-inaugural-address-q1","title":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","text":"This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly.","work":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/fdr-first-inaugural-address/#fdr-first-inaugural-address-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"fdr-first-inaugural-address-q2","title":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","text":"So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself--nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.","work":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/fdr-first-inaugural-address/#fdr-first-inaugural-address-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"fdr-first-inaugural-address-q3","title":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","text":"They have no vision, and when there is no vision the people perish.","work":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/fdr-first-inaugural-address/#fdr-first-inaugural-address-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"fdr-first-inaugural-address-q4","title":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","text":"The money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization. We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths.","work":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/fdr-first-inaugural-address/#fdr-first-inaugural-address-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"fdr-first-inaugural-address-q5","title":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","text":"Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort.","work":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/fdr-first-inaugural-address/#fdr-first-inaugural-address-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"fdr-first-inaugural-address-q6","title":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","text":"This Nation asks for action, and action now.","work":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/fdr-first-inaugural-address/#fdr-first-inaugural-address-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"fdr-first-inaugural-address-q7","title":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","text":"I shall ask the Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis--broad Executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.","work":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/fdr-first-inaugural-address/#fdr-first-inaugural-address-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"fdr-first-inaugural-address-q8","title":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","text":"In this dedication of a Nation we humbly ask the blessing of God. May He protect each and every one of us. May He guide me in the days to come.","work":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/fdr-first-inaugural-address/#fdr-first-inaugural-address-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"jefferson-first-inaugural-address-q1","title":"First Inaugural Address (Jefferson)","text":"though the will of the majority is in all cases to prevail, that will to be rightful must be reasonable; that the minority possess their equal rights, which equal law must protect, and to violate would be oppression.","work":"First Inaugural Address (Jefferson)","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/jefferson-first-inaugural-address/#jefferson-first-inaugural-address-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"jefferson-first-inaugural-address-q2","title":"First Inaugural Address (Jefferson)","text":"But every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.","work":"First Inaugural Address (Jefferson)","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/jefferson-first-inaugural-address/#jefferson-first-inaugural-address-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"jefferson-first-inaugural-address-q3","title":"First Inaugural Address (Jefferson)","text":"Sometimes it is said that man can not be trusted with the government of himself. Can he, then, be trusted with the government of others? Or have we found angels in the forms of kings to govern him? Let history answer this question.","work":"First Inaugural Address (Jefferson)","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/jefferson-first-inaugural-address/#jefferson-first-inaugural-address-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"jefferson-first-inaugural-address-q4","title":"First Inaugural Address (Jefferson)","text":"a wise and frugal Government, which shall restrain men from injuring one another, shall leave them otherwise free to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement, and shall not take from the mouth of labor the bread it has earned.","work":"First Inaugural Address (Jefferson)","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/jefferson-first-inaugural-address/#jefferson-first-inaugural-address-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"jefferson-first-inaugural-address-q5","title":"First Inaugural Address (Jefferson)","text":"peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none","work":"First Inaugural Address (Jefferson)","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/jefferson-first-inaugural-address/#jefferson-first-inaugural-address-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-first-catilinarian-q1","title":"First Oration Against Catiline","text":"When, O Catiline, do you mean to cease abusing our patience? How long is that madness of yours still to mock us?","work":"First Oration Against Catiline","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-first-catilinarian/#cicero-first-catilinarian-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-first-catilinarian-q2","title":"First Oration Against Catiline","text":"Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives.","work":"First Oration Against Catiline","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-first-catilinarian/#cicero-first-catilinarian-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-first-catilinarian-q3","title":"First Oration Against Catiline","text":"O ye immortal gods, where on earth are we? in what city are we living? what constitution is ours?","work":"First Oration Against Catiline","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-first-catilinarian/#cicero-first-catilinarian-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-first-catilinarian-q4","title":"First Oration Against Catiline","text":"purge the city of your presence; you will deliver me from a great fear, when there is a wall between me and you.","work":"First Oration Against Catiline","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-first-catilinarian/#cicero-first-catilinarian-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-first-catilinarian-q5","title":"First Oration Against Catiline","text":"Now, your country, which is the common parent of all of us, hates and fears you","work":"First Oration Against Catiline","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-first-catilinarian/#cicero-first-catilinarian-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-first-catilinarian-q6","title":"First Oration Against Catiline","text":"while they are quiet they approve, while they permit me to speak they vote, while they are silent they are loud and eloquent.","work":"First Oration Against Catiline","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-first-catilinarian/#cicero-first-catilinarian-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-first-catilinarian-q7","title":"First Oration Against Catiline","text":"for you are not, O Catiline, one whom either shame can recall from infamy, or fear from danger, or reason from madness.","work":"First Oration Against Catiline","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-first-catilinarian/#cicero-first-catilinarian-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-first-catilinarian-q8","title":"First Oration Against Catiline","text":"so this disease which is in the republic, if relieved by the punishment of this man, will only get worse and worse, as the rest will be still alive.","work":"First Oration Against Catiline","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-first-catilinarian/#cicero-first-catilinarian-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"five-children-and-it-q1","title":"Five Children and It","text":"For London is like prison for children, especially if their relations are not rich.","work":"Five Children and It","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/five-children-and-it/#five-children-and-it-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"five-children-and-it-q2","title":"Five Children and It","text":"Grown-up people find it very difficult to believe really wonderful things, unless they have what they call proof.","work":"Five Children and It","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/five-children-and-it/#five-children-and-it-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"five-children-and-it-q3","title":"Five Children and It","text":"It is wonderful how quickly you get used to things, even the most astonishing.","work":"Five Children and It","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/five-children-and-it/#five-children-and-it-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"five-children-and-it-q4","title":"Five Children and It","text":"I wish we were all as beautiful as the day","work":"Five Children and It","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/five-children-and-it/#five-children-and-it-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"five-children-and-it-q5","title":"Five Children and It","text":"Robert was not proud of himself for having been so cross, and the others were not proud of him either.","work":"Five Children and It","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/five-children-and-it/#five-children-and-it-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"five-children-and-it-q6","title":"Five Children and It","text":"there is only one safe way of taking things out of little children's eyes, and that is with your own soft wet tongue.","work":"Five Children and It","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/five-children-and-it/#five-children-and-it-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"five-children-and-it-q7","title":"Five Children and It","text":"Father says we need never be afraid if we don't do anything wrong and always speak the truth.","work":"Five Children and It","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/five-children-and-it/#five-children-and-it-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"five-children-and-it-q8","title":"Five Children and It","text":"They'd get hold of me, and they wouldn't wish silly things like you do, but real earnest things","work":"Five Children and It","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/five-children-and-it/#five-children-and-it-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"fletcher-v-peck-q1","title":"Fletcher v. Peck","text":"It is, then, the unanimous opinion of the court, that, in this case, the estate having passed into the hands of a purchaser for a valuable consideration, without notice, the state of Georgia was restrained, either by general principles which are common to our free institutions, or by the particular provisions of the constitution of the United States, from passing a law whereby the estate of the plaintiff in the premises so purchased could be constitutionally and legally impaired and rendered null and void.","work":"Fletcher v. Peck","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/fletcher-v-peck/#fletcher-v-peck-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"fletcher-v-peck-q2","title":"Fletcher v. Peck","text":"When, then, a law is in its nature a contract, when absolute rights have vested under that contract, a repeal of the law cannot devest those rights","work":"Fletcher v. Peck","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/fletcher-v-peck/#fletcher-v-peck-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"fletcher-v-peck-q3","title":"Fletcher v. Peck","text":"The principle asserted is, that one legislature is competent to repeal any act which a former legislature was competent to pass; and that one legislature cannot abridge the powers of a succeeding legislature.","work":"Fletcher v. Peck","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/fletcher-v-peck/#fletcher-v-peck-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"fletcher-v-peck-q4","title":"Fletcher v. Peck","text":"It would be indecent, in the extreme, upon a private contract, between two individuals, to enter into an inquiry respecting the corruption of the sovereign power of a state.","work":"Fletcher v. Peck","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/fletcher-v-peck/#fletcher-v-peck-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"fletcher-v-peck-q5","title":"Fletcher v. Peck","text":"I do not hesitate to declare that a state does not possess the power of revoking its own grants. But I do it on a general principle, on the reason and nature of things: a principle which will impose laws even on the deity.","work":"Fletcher v. Peck","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/fletcher-v-peck/#fletcher-v-peck-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"fletcher-v-peck-q6","title":"Fletcher v. Peck","text":"The security of a people against the misconduct of their rulers, must lie in the frequent recurrence to first principles, and the imposition of adequate constitutional restrictions.","work":"Fletcher v. Peck","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/fletcher-v-peck/#fletcher-v-peck-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"fragments-q1","title":"Fragments","text":"This world, which is the same for all, no one of gods or men has made; but it was ever, is now, and ever shall be an ever-living Fire, with measures of it kindling, and measures going out.","work":"Fragments","author":"Heraclitus","url":"/works/fragments/#fragments-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"fragments-q2","title":"Fragments","text":"War is the father of all and the king of all; and some he has made gods and some men, some bond and some free.","work":"Fragments","author":"Heraclitus","url":"/works/fragments/#fragments-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"fragments-q3","title":"Fragments","text":"The way up and the way down is one and the same.","work":"Fragments","author":"Heraclitus","url":"/works/fragments/#fragments-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"fragments-q4","title":"Fragments","text":"You cannot step twice into the same rivers; for fresh waters are ever flowing in upon you.","work":"Fragments","author":"Heraclitus","url":"/works/fragments/#fragments-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"fragments-q5","title":"Fragments","text":"A man, when he gets drunk, is led by a beardless lad, tripping, knowing not where he steps, having his soul moist.","work":"Fragments","author":"Heraclitus","url":"/works/fragments/#fragments-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"fragments-q6","title":"Fragments","text":"The dry soul is the wisest and best","work":"Fragments","author":"Heraclitus","url":"/works/fragments/#fragments-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"fragments-q7","title":"Fragments","text":"Nature loves to hide.","work":"Fragments","author":"Heraclitus","url":"/works/fragments/#fragments-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"frankenstein-q1","title":"Frankenstein","text":"Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay / To mould me man? Did I solicit thee / From darkness to promote me?","work":"Frankenstein","author":"Mary Shelley","url":"/works/frankenstein/#frankenstein-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"frankenstein-q2","title":"Frankenstein","text":"You seek for knowledge and wisdom, as I once did; and I ardently hope that the gratification of your wishes may not be a serpent to sting you, as mine has been","work":"Frankenstein","author":"Mary Shelley","url":"/works/frankenstein/#frankenstein-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"frankenstein-q3","title":"Frankenstein","text":"To examine the causes of life, we must first have recourse to death","work":"Frankenstein","author":"Mary Shelley","url":"/works/frankenstein/#frankenstein-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"frankenstein-q4","title":"Frankenstein","text":"Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds, which I should first break through, and pour a torrent of light into our dark world","work":"Frankenstein","author":"Mary Shelley","url":"/works/frankenstein/#frankenstein-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"frankenstein-q5","title":"Frankenstein","text":"The dissecting room and the slaughter-house furnished many of my materials","work":"Frankenstein","author":"Mary Shelley","url":"/works/frankenstein/#frankenstein-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"frankenstein-q6","title":"Frankenstein","text":"Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow","work":"Frankenstein","author":"Mary Shelley","url":"/works/frankenstein/#frankenstein-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"frankenstein-q7","title":"Frankenstein","text":"It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils","work":"Frankenstein","author":"Mary Shelley","url":"/works/frankenstein/#frankenstein-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"frankenstein-q8","title":"Frankenstein","text":"I beheld the wretch—the miserable monster whom I had created","work":"Frankenstein","author":"Mary Shelley","url":"/works/frankenstein/#frankenstein-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"frankenstein-q9","title":"Frankenstein","text":"This was the commencement of a nervous fever which confined me for several months","work":"Frankenstein","author":"Mary Shelley","url":"/works/frankenstein/#frankenstein-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"frankenstein-q10","title":"Frankenstein","text":"I ought to be thy Adam, but I am rather the fallen angel, whom thou drivest from joy for no misdeed","work":"Frankenstein","author":"Mary Shelley","url":"/works/frankenstein/#frankenstein-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"frankenstein-q11","title":"Frankenstein","text":"I was benevolent and good; misery made me a fiend. Make me happy, and I shall again be virtuous","work":"Frankenstein","author":"Mary Shelley","url":"/works/frankenstein/#frankenstein-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"frankenstein-q12","title":"Frankenstein","text":"I am malicious because I am miserable","work":"Frankenstein","author":"Mary Shelley","url":"/works/frankenstein/#frankenstein-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"frankenstein-q13","title":"Frankenstein","text":"Beware, for I am fearless and therefore powerful","work":"Frankenstein","author":"Mary Shelley","url":"/works/frankenstein/#frankenstein-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"frankenstein-q14","title":"Frankenstein","text":"I saw the pale student of unhallowed arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together.","work":"Frankenstein","author":"Mary Shelley","url":"/works/frankenstein/#frankenstein-q14"},{"type":"quote","id":"freedom-and-the-law-q1","title":"Freedom and the Law","text":"private Roman law was something to be described or to be discovered, not something to be enacted","work":"Freedom and the Law","author":"Bruno Leoni","url":"/works/freedom-and-the-law/#freedom-and-the-law-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"freedom-and-the-law-q2","title":"Freedom and the Law","text":"Law, as a whole, was no less free from constraint than the market itself.","work":"Freedom and the Law","author":"Bruno Leoni","url":"/works/freedom-and-the-law/#freedom-and-the-law-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"frog-and-toad-are-friends-q1","title":"Frog and Toad Are Friends","text":"Come back again and wake me up at about half past May.","work":"Frog and Toad Are Friends","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/frog-and-toad-are-friends/#frog-and-toad-are-friends-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"frog-and-toad-are-friends-q2","title":"Frog and Toad Are Friends","text":"I am glad that you are my best friend. Your best friend, Frog.","work":"Frog and Toad Are Friends","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/frog-and-toad-are-friends/#frog-and-toad-are-friends-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"galileo-selected-writings-q1","title":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","text":"the Moon certainly does not possess a smooth and polished surface, but one rough and uneven, and, just like the face of the Earth itself, is everywhere full of vast protuberances, deep chasms, and sinuosities.","work":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","author":"Galileo Galilei","url":"/works/galileo-selected-writings/#galileo-selected-writings-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"galileo-selected-writings-q2","title":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","text":"the Galaxy is nothing else but a mass of innumerable stars planted together in clusters.","work":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","author":"Galileo Galilei","url":"/works/galileo-selected-writings/#galileo-selected-writings-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"galileo-selected-writings-q3","title":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","text":"That it is both piously spoken, and prudently affirmed, That the Sacred Scripture can never lye, when ever its true meaning is understood","work":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","author":"Galileo Galilei","url":"/works/galileo-selected-writings/#galileo-selected-writings-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"galileo-selected-writings-q4","title":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","text":"That the intention of the Holy Ghost, is to teach us how we shall go to Heaven, and not how Heaven goeth.","work":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","author":"Galileo Galilei","url":"/works/galileo-selected-writings/#galileo-selected-writings-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"galileo-selected-writings-q5","title":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","text":"But that that self same God who hath indued us with Senses, Discourse, and Understanding hath intended, laying aside the use of these, to give the knowledg of those things by other means, which we may attain by these","work":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","author":"Galileo Galilei","url":"/works/galileo-selected-writings/#galileo-selected-writings-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"galileo-selected-writings-q6","title":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","text":"for two truths can never contradict each other.","work":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","author":"Galileo Galilei","url":"/works/galileo-selected-writings/#galileo-selected-writings-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"galileo-selected-writings-q7","title":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","text":"Aristotle says that \"an iron ball of one hundred pounds falling from a height of one hundred cubits reaches the ground before a one-pound ball has fallen a single cubit.\" I say that they arrive at the same time.","work":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","author":"Galileo Galilei","url":"/works/galileo-selected-writings/#galileo-selected-writings-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"galileo-selected-writings-q8","title":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","text":"Having observed this I came to the conclusion that in a medium totally devoid of resistance all bodies would fall with the same speed.","work":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","author":"Galileo Galilei","url":"/works/galileo-selected-writings/#galileo-selected-writings-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel-q1","title":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","text":"Because to laugh is proper to the man.","work":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","author":"François Rabelais","url":"/works/rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel/#rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel-q2","title":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","text":"you must, by a sedulous lecture, and frequent meditation, break the bone, and suck out the marrow","work":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","author":"François Rabelais","url":"/works/rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel/#rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel-q3","title":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","text":"This imitation of the ancient Herculeses, Alexanders, Hannibals, Scipios, Caesars, and other such heroes, is quite contrary to the profession of the gospel of Christ","work":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","author":"François Rabelais","url":"/works/rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel/#rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel-q4","title":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","text":"because men that are free, well-born, well-bred, and conversant in honest companies, have naturally an instinct and spur that prompteth them unto virtuous actions, and withdraws them from vice, which is called honour.","work":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","author":"François Rabelais","url":"/works/rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel/#rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel-q5","title":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","text":"In brief, let me see thee an abyss and bottomless pit of knowledge","work":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","author":"François Rabelais","url":"/works/rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel/#rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel-q6","title":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","text":"But because, as the wise man Solomon saith, Wisdom entereth not into a malicious mind, and that knowledge without conscience is but the ruin of the soul","work":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","author":"François Rabelais","url":"/works/rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel/#rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel-q7","title":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","text":"for Trinc is a panomphean word, that is, a word understood, used and celebrated by all nations, and signifies drink.","work":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","author":"François Rabelais","url":"/works/rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel/#rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers-q1","title":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","text":"it occurred to me that decomposition in the injured part might be avoided without excluding the air, by applying as a dressing some material capable of destroying the life of the floating particles.","work":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","author":"Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister","url":"/works/pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers/#pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers-q2","title":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","text":"As there appears to be no doubt regarding the cause of this change, the importance of the fact can hardly be exaggerated.","work":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","author":"Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister","url":"/works/pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers/#pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers-q3","title":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","text":"It is characteristic of science to reduce incessantly the number of unexplained phenomena.","work":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","author":"Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister","url":"/works/pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers/#pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers-q4","title":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","text":"we may say that fermentation is a result of life without air.","work":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","author":"Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister","url":"/works/pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers/#pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers-q5","title":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","text":"The Sciences gain by mutual support.","work":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","author":"Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister","url":"/works/pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers/#pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers-q6","title":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","text":"that the theory of spontaneous generation is chimerical","work":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","author":"Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister","url":"/works/pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers/#pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers-q7","title":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","text":"The antiseptic method I believe likely to be sovereign in the vast majority of cases.","work":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","author":"Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister","url":"/works/pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers/#pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers-q8","title":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","text":"I welcome with open arms the militant attack which has a method in doubting and whose rule of conduct has the motto \"More light.\"","work":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","author":"Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister","url":"/works/pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers/#pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"gibbons-v-ogden-q1","title":"Gibbons v. Ogden","text":"Commerce, undoubtedly, is traffic, but it is something more: it is intercourse.","work":"Gibbons v. Ogden","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gibbons-v-ogden/#gibbons-v-ogden-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"gibbons-v-ogden-q2","title":"Gibbons v. Ogden","text":"This power, like all others vested in Congress, is complete in itself, may be exercised to its utmost extent, and acknowledges no limitations other than are prescribed in the Constitution.","work":"Gibbons v. Ogden","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gibbons-v-ogden/#gibbons-v-ogden-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"gibbons-v-ogden-q3","title":"Gibbons v. Ogden","text":"Commerce among the States cannot stop at the external boundary line of each State, but may be introduced into the interior.","work":"Gibbons v. Ogden","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gibbons-v-ogden/#gibbons-v-ogden-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"gibbons-v-ogden-q4","title":"Gibbons v. Ogden","text":"The completely internal commerce of a State, then, may be considered as reserved for the State itself.","work":"Gibbons v. Ogden","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gibbons-v-ogden/#gibbons-v-ogden-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"gibbons-v-ogden-q5","title":"Gibbons v. Ogden","text":"In every such case, the act of Congress or the treaty is supreme, and the law of the State, though enacted in the exercise of powers not controverted, must yield to it.","work":"Gibbons v. Ogden","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gibbons-v-ogden/#gibbons-v-ogden-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"gibbons-v-ogden-q6","title":"Gibbons v. Ogden","text":"The State of New York maintains the Constitutionality of these laws, and their Legislature, their Council of Revision, and their Judges, have repeatedly concurred in this opinion.","work":"Gibbons v. Ogden","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gibbons-v-ogden/#gibbons-v-ogden-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"gideon-v-wainwright-q1","title":"Gideon v. Wainwright","text":"The United States Supreme Court says I am entitled to be represented by Counsel.","work":"Gideon v. Wainwright","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gideon-v-wainwright/#gideon-v-wainwright-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"gideon-v-wainwright-q2","title":"Gideon v. Wainwright","text":"Upon full reconsideration, we conclude that Betts v. Brady should be overruled.","work":"Gideon v. Wainwright","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gideon-v-wainwright/#gideon-v-wainwright-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"gideon-v-wainwright-q3","title":"Gideon v. Wainwright","text":"any person haled into court, who is too poor to hire a lawyer, cannot be assured a fair trial unless counsel is provided for him.","work":"Gideon v. Wainwright","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gideon-v-wainwright/#gideon-v-wainwright-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"gideon-v-wainwright-q4","title":"Gideon v. Wainwright","text":"That government hires lawyers to prosecute and defendants who have the money hire lawyers to defend are the strongest indications of the widespread belief that lawyers in criminal courts are necessities, not luxuries.","work":"Gideon v. Wainwright","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gideon-v-wainwright/#gideon-v-wainwright-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"gideon-v-wainwright-q5","title":"Gideon v. Wainwright","text":"This noble ideal cannot be realized if the poor man charged with crime has to face his accusers without a lawyer to assist him.","work":"Gideon v. Wainwright","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gideon-v-wainwright/#gideon-v-wainwright-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"gideon-v-wainwright-q6","title":"Gideon v. Wainwright","text":"He requires the guiding hand of counsel at every step in the proceedings against him.","work":"Gideon v. Wainwright","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gideon-v-wainwright/#gideon-v-wainwright-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"gitlow-v-new-york-q1","title":"Gitlow v. New York","text":"For present purposes we may and do assume that freedom of speech and of the press — which are protected by the First Amendment from abridgment by Congress — are among the fundamental personal rights and \"liberties\" protected by the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment from impairment by the States.","work":"Gitlow v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gitlow-v-new-york/#gitlow-v-new-york-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"gitlow-v-new-york-q2","title":"Gitlow v. New York","text":"It is a fundamental principle, long established, that the freedom of speech and of the press which is secured by the Constitution, does not confer an absolute right to speak or publish, without responsibility, whatever one may choose, or an unrestricted and unbridled license that gives immunity for every possible use of language and prevents the punishment of those who abuse this freedom.","work":"Gitlow v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gitlow-v-new-york/#gitlow-v-new-york-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"gitlow-v-new-york-q3","title":"Gitlow v. New York","text":"A single revolutionary spark may kindle a fire that, smouldering for a time, may burst into a sweeping and destructive conflagration.","work":"Gitlow v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gitlow-v-new-york/#gitlow-v-new-york-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"gitlow-v-new-york-q4","title":"Gitlow v. New York","text":"Every idea is an incitement. It offers itself for belief and if believed it is acted on unless some other belief outweighs it or some failure of energy stifles the movement at its birth.","work":"Gitlow v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gitlow-v-new-york/#gitlow-v-new-york-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"gitlow-v-new-york-q5","title":"Gitlow v. New York","text":"The only difference between the expression of an opinion and an incitement in the narrower sense is the speaker's enthusiasm for the result. Eloquence may set fire to reason.","work":"Gitlow v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gitlow-v-new-york/#gitlow-v-new-york-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"gitlow-v-new-york-q6","title":"Gitlow v. New York","text":"If in the long run the beliefs expressed in proletarian dictatorship are destined to be accepted by the dominant forces of the community, the only meaning of free speech is that they should be given their chance and have their way.","work":"Gitlow v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gitlow-v-new-york/#gitlow-v-new-york-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death-q1","title":"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death","text":"I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery;","work":"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death","author":"Patrick Henry","url":"/works/give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death/#give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death-q2","title":"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death","text":"I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that is the lamp of experience. I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past.","work":"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death","author":"Patrick Henry","url":"/works/give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death/#give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death-q3","title":"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death","text":"Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss.","work":"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death","author":"Patrick Henry","url":"/works/give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death/#give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death-q4","title":"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death","text":"I repeat it, sir, we must fight! An appeal to arms and to the God of hosts is all that is left us!","work":"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death","author":"Patrick Henry","url":"/works/give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death/#give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death-q5","title":"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death","text":"The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave.","work":"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death","author":"Patrick Henry","url":"/works/give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death/#give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death-q6","title":"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death","text":"Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace-- but there is no peace. The war is actually begun!","work":"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death","author":"Patrick Henry","url":"/works/give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death/#give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death-q7","title":"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death","text":"Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!","work":"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death","author":"Patrick Henry","url":"/works/give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death/#give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"gods-grandeur-q1","title":"God's Grandeur","text":"THE world is charged with the grandeur of God.","work":"God's Grandeur","author":"Gerard Manley Hopkins","url":"/works/gods-grandeur/#gods-grandeur-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"gods-grandeur-q2","title":"God's Grandeur","text":"It will flame out, like shining from shook foil;","work":"God's Grandeur","author":"Gerard Manley Hopkins","url":"/works/gods-grandeur/#gods-grandeur-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"gods-grandeur-q3","title":"God's Grandeur","text":"Generations have trod, have trod, have trod; And all is seared with trade; bleared, smeared with toil; And wears man's smudge and shares man's smell: the soil Is bare now, nor can foot feel, being shod.","work":"God's Grandeur","author":"Gerard Manley Hopkins","url":"/works/gods-grandeur/#gods-grandeur-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"gods-grandeur-q4","title":"God's Grandeur","text":"And for all this, nature is never spent; There lives the dearest freshness deep down things;","work":"God's Grandeur","author":"Gerard Manley Hopkins","url":"/works/gods-grandeur/#gods-grandeur-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"gods-grandeur-q5","title":"God's Grandeur","text":"Because the Holy Ghost over the bent World broods with warm breast and with ah! bright wings.","work":"God's Grandeur","author":"Gerard Manley Hopkins","url":"/works/gods-grandeur/#gods-grandeur-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"gonzales-v-raich-q1","title":"Gonzales v. Raich","text":"The case is made difficult by respondents’ strong arguments that they will suffer irreparable harm because, despite a congressional finding to the contrary, marijuana does have valid therapeutic purposes.","work":"Gonzales v. Raich","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gonzales-v-raich/#gonzales-v-raich-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"gonzales-v-raich-q2","title":"Gonzales v. Raich","text":"Our case law firmly establishes Congress’ power to regulate purely local activities that are part of an economic “class of activities” that have a substantial effect on interstate commerce.","work":"Gonzales v. Raich","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gonzales-v-raich/#gonzales-v-raich-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"gonzales-v-raich-q3","title":"Gonzales v. Raich","text":"Congress may regulate even noneconomic local activity if that regulation is a necessary part of a more general regulation of interstate commerce.","work":"Gonzales v. Raich","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gonzales-v-raich/#gonzales-v-raich-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"gonzales-v-raich-q4","title":"Gonzales v. Raich","text":"This case exemplifies the role of States as laboratories.","work":"Gonzales v. Raich","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gonzales-v-raich/#gonzales-v-raich-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"gonzales-v-raich-q5","title":"Gonzales v. Raich","text":"If Congress can regulate this under the Commerce Clause, then it can regulate virtually anything–and the Federal Government is no longer one of limited and enumerated powers.","work":"Gonzales v. Raich","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gonzales-v-raich/#gonzales-v-raich-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"grace-abounding-q1","title":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","text":"God did not play in tempting of me; neither did I play, when I sunk as into the bottomless pit","work":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","author":"John Bunyan","url":"/works/grace-abounding/#grace-abounding-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"grace-abounding-q2","title":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","text":"_Wilt thou leave thy sins and go to heaven_, _or have thy sins and go to hell_?","work":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","author":"John Bunyan","url":"/works/grace-abounding/#grace-abounding-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"grace-abounding-q3","title":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","text":"three or four poor women sitting at a door, in the sun, talking about the things of God","work":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","author":"John Bunyan","url":"/works/grace-abounding/#grace-abounding-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"grace-abounding-q4","title":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","text":"as if his book had been written out of my heart","work":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","author":"John Bunyan","url":"/works/grace-abounding/#grace-abounding-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"grace-abounding-q5","title":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","text":"my righteousness was Jesus Christ Himself, _The same yesterday_, _to-day_, _and for ever_.","work":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","author":"John Bunyan","url":"/works/grace-abounding/#grace-abounding-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"grace-abounding-q6","title":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","text":"Now did my chains fall off my legs indeed","work":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","author":"John Bunyan","url":"/works/grace-abounding/#grace-abounding-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"grace-abounding-q7","title":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","text":"the parting with my wife and poor children, hath often been to me in this place, as the pulling the flesh from the bones","work":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","author":"John Bunyan","url":"/works/grace-abounding/#grace-abounding-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"grace-abounding-q8","title":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","text":"if I were out of prison to-day, I would preach the Gospel again to-morrow, by the help of God.","work":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","author":"John Bunyan","url":"/works/grace-abounding/#grace-abounding-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"great-expectations-q1","title":"Great Expectations","text":"My father’s family name being Pirrip, and my Christian name Philip, my infant tongue could make of both names nothing longer or more explicit than Pip. So, I called myself Pip, and came to be called Pip.","work":"Great Expectations","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/great-expectations/#great-expectations-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"great-expectations-q2","title":"Great Expectations","text":"In a word, I was too cowardly to do what I knew to be right, as I had been too cowardly to avoid doing what I knew to be wrong.","work":"Great Expectations","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/great-expectations/#great-expectations-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"great-expectations-q3","title":"Great Expectations","text":"In the little world in which children have their existence whosoever brings them up, there is nothing so finely perceived and so finely felt as injustice.","work":"Great Expectations","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/great-expectations/#great-expectations-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"great-expectations-q4","title":"Great Expectations","text":"Pause you who read this, and think for a moment of the long chain of iron or gold, of thorns or flowers, that would never have bound you, but for the formation of the first link on one memorable day.","work":"Great Expectations","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/great-expectations/#great-expectations-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"great-expectations-q5","title":"Great Expectations","text":"Heaven knows we need never be ashamed of our tears, for they are rain upon the blinding dust of earth, overlying our hard hearts.","work":"Great Expectations","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/great-expectations/#great-expectations-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"great-expectations-q6","title":"Great Expectations","text":"Pip, dear old chap, life is made of ever so many partings welded together, as I may say, and one man’s a blacksmith, and one’s a whitesmith, and one’s a goldsmith, and one’s a coppersmith.","work":"Great Expectations","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/great-expectations/#great-expectations-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"great-expectations-q7","title":"Great Expectations","text":"I lived rough, that you should live smooth; I worked hard, that you should be above work.","work":"Great Expectations","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/great-expectations/#great-expectations-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"great-expectations-q8","title":"Great Expectations","text":"Take nothing on its looks; take everything on evidence. There’s no better rule.","work":"Great Expectations","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/great-expectations/#great-expectations-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"great-expectations-q9","title":"Great Expectations","text":"You are part of my existence, part of myself.","work":"Great Expectations","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/great-expectations/#great-expectations-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"great-expectations-q10","title":"Great Expectations","text":"Take the pencil and write under my name, ‘I forgive her.’","work":"Great Expectations","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/great-expectations/#great-expectations-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"great-expectations-q11","title":"Great Expectations","text":"O Lord, be merciful to him a sinner!","work":"Great Expectations","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/great-expectations/#great-expectations-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"great-expectations-q12","title":"Great Expectations","text":"I have been bent and broken, but—I hope—into a better shape.","work":"Great Expectations","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/great-expectations/#great-expectations-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"great-expectations-q13","title":"Great Expectations","text":"I saw no shadow of another parting from her.","work":"Great Expectations","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/great-expectations/#great-expectations-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"griswold-v-connecticut-q1","title":"Griswold v. Connecticut","text":"The foregoing cases suggest that specific guarantees in the Bill of Rights have penumbras, formed by emanations from those guarantees that help give them life and substance.","work":"Griswold v. Connecticut","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/griswold-v-connecticut/#griswold-v-connecticut-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"griswold-v-connecticut-q2","title":"Griswold v. Connecticut","text":"We deal with a right of privacy older than the Bill of Rights — older than our political parties, older than our school system.","work":"Griswold v. Connecticut","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/griswold-v-connecticut/#griswold-v-connecticut-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"griswold-v-connecticut-q3","title":"Griswold v. Connecticut","text":"The language and history of the Ninth Amendment reveal that the Framers of the Constitution believed that there are additional fundamental rights, protected from governmental infringement, which exist alongside those fundamental rights specifically mentioned in the first eight constitutional amendments.","work":"Griswold v. Connecticut","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/griswold-v-connecticut/#griswold-v-connecticut-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"griswold-v-connecticut-q4","title":"Griswold v. Connecticut","text":"Their continued recognition will, however, go farther toward keeping most judges from roaming at large in the constitutional field than will the interpolation into the Constitution of an artificial and largely illusory restriction on the content of the Due Process Clause.","work":"Griswold v. Connecticut","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/griswold-v-connecticut/#griswold-v-connecticut-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"griswold-v-connecticut-q5","title":"Griswold v. Connecticut","text":"I like my privacy as well as the next one, but I am nevertheless compelled to admit that government has a right to. invade it unless prohibited by some specific constitutional provision.","work":"Griswold v. Connecticut","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/griswold-v-connecticut/#griswold-v-connecticut-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"griswold-v-connecticut-q6","title":"Griswold v. Connecticut","text":"With all deference, I can find no such general right of privacy in the Bill of Rights, in any other part of the Constitution, or in any case ever before decided by this Court.","work":"Griswold v. Connecticut","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/griswold-v-connecticut/#griswold-v-connecticut-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q1","title":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","text":"Nothing can possibly be conceived in the world, or even out of it, which can be called good, without qualification, except a good will","work":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals/#groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q2","title":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","text":"like a jewel, it would still shine by its own light, as a thing which has its whole value in itself","work":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals/#groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q3","title":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","text":"if adversity and hopeless sorrow have completely taken away the relish for life; if the unfortunate one, strong in mind, indignant at his fate rather than desponding or dejected, wishes for death, and yet preserves his life without loving it- not from inclination or fear, but from duty- then his maxim has a moral worth","work":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals/#groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q4","title":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","text":"Put the case that the mind of that philanthropist were clouded by sorrow of his own, extinguishing all sympathy with the lot of others","work":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals/#groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q5","title":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","text":"a gouty patient, for instance, can choose to enjoy what he likes, and to suffer what he may","work":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals/#groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q6","title":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","text":"The precepts for the physician to make his patient thoroughly healthy, and for a poisoner to ensure certain death, are of equal value in this respect, that each serves to effect its purpose perfectly","work":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals/#groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q7","title":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","text":"Would he have long life? who guarantees to him that it would not be a long misery? would he at least have health","work":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals/#groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q8","title":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","text":"happiness is not an ideal of reason but of imagination","work":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals/#groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q9","title":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","text":"Act only on that maxim whereby thou canst at the same time will that it should become a universal law","work":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals/#groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q10","title":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","text":"A man reduced to despair by a series of misfortunes feels wearied of life, but is still so far in possession of his reason that he can ask himself whether it would not be contrary to his duty to himself to take his own life","work":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals/#groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q11","title":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","text":"So act as to treat humanity, whether in thine own person or in that of any other, in every case as an end withal, never as means only","work":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals/#groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q12","title":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","text":"In the kingdom of ends everything has either value or dignity","work":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals/#groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q13","title":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","text":"we yet comprehend its incomprehensibility, and this is all that can be fairly demanded of a philosophy which strives to carry its principles up to the very limit of human reason","work":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals/#groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"gullivers-travels-q1","title":"Gulliver's Travels","text":"I cannot but conclude the bulk of your natives to be the most pernicious race of little odious vermin that nature ever suffered to crawl upon the surface of the earth","work":"Gulliver's Travels","author":"Jonathan Swift","url":"/works/gullivers-travels/#gullivers-travels-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"gullivers-travels-q2","title":"Gulliver's Travels","text":"whoever could make two ears of corn, or two blades of grass, to grow upon a spot of ground where only one grew before, would deserve better of mankind, and do more essential service to his country, than the whole race of politicians put together","work":"Gulliver's Travels","author":"Jonathan Swift","url":"/works/gullivers-travels/#gullivers-travels-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"gullivers-travels-q3","title":"Gulliver's Travels","text":"He had been eight years upon a project for extracting sunbeams out of cucumbers, which were to be put in phials hermetically sealed, and let out to warm the air in raw inclement summers","work":"Gulliver's Travels","author":"Jonathan Swift","url":"/works/gullivers-travels/#gullivers-travels-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"gullivers-travels-q4","title":"Gulliver's Travels","text":"when I behold a lump of deformity and diseases, both in body and mind, smitten with pride, it immediately breaks all the measures of my patience","work":"Gulliver's Travels","author":"Jonathan Swift","url":"/works/gullivers-travels/#gullivers-travels-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank-q1","title":"Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank","text":"This reflection derives additional strength from the nature of the debt of the United States. It was the price of liberty.","work":"Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank","author":"Alexander Hamilton","url":"/works/hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank/#hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank-q2","title":"Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank","text":"It is inconsistent with justice, because, in the first place, it is a breach of contract—a violation of the rights of a fair purchaser.","work":"Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank","author":"Alexander Hamilton","url":"/works/hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank/#hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank-q3","title":"Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank","text":"the creation of debt should always be accompanied with the means of extinguishment. This he regards as the true secret for rendering public credit immortal.","work":"Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank","author":"Alexander Hamilton","url":"/works/hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank/#hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank-q4","title":"Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank","text":"every power vested in a government is in its nature sovereign, and includes, by force of the term, a right to employ all the means requisite and fairly applicable to the attainment of the ends of such power, and which are not precluded by restrictions and exceptions specified in the Constitution, or not immoral, or not contrary to the essential ends of political society.","work":"Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank","author":"Alexander Hamilton","url":"/works/hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank/#hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank-q5","title":"Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank","text":"According to both, necessary often means no more than needful, requisite, incidental, useful, or conducive to.","work":"Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank","author":"Alexander Hamilton","url":"/works/hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank/#hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank-q6","title":"Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank","text":"It has justly been observed, that there is scarcely any thing of greater moment in the economy of a nation than the proper division of labor.","work":"Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank","author":"Alexander Hamilton","url":"/works/hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank/#hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank-q7","title":"Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank","text":"To cherish and stimulate the activity of the human mind, by multiplying the objects of enterprise, is not among the least considerable of the expedients by which the wealth of a nation may be promoted.","work":"Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank","author":"Alexander Hamilton","url":"/works/hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank/#hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamlet-q1","title":"Hamlet","text":"O that this too too solid flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew","work":"Hamlet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/hamlet/#hamlet-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamlet-q2","title":"Hamlet","text":"This above all: to thine own self be true; And it must follow, as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man","work":"Hamlet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/hamlet/#hamlet-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamlet-q3","title":"Hamlet","text":"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark","work":"Hamlet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/hamlet/#hamlet-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamlet-q4","title":"Hamlet","text":"The time is out of joint. O cursed spite, That ever I was born to set it right","work":"Hamlet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/hamlet/#hamlet-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamlet-q5","title":"Hamlet","text":"I have of late, but wherefore I know not, lost all my mirth, forgone all custom of exercises; and indeed, it goes so heavily with my disposition that this goodly frame the earth, seems to me a sterile promontory","work":"Hamlet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/hamlet/#hamlet-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamlet-q6","title":"Hamlet","text":"The play’s the thing Wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the King","work":"Hamlet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/hamlet/#hamlet-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamlet-q7","title":"Hamlet","text":"To be, or not to be, that is the question","work":"Hamlet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/hamlet/#hamlet-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamlet-q8","title":"Hamlet","text":"Thus conscience does make cowards of us all","work":"Hamlet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/hamlet/#hamlet-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamlet-q9","title":"Hamlet","text":"My words fly up, my thoughts remain below. Words without thoughts never to heaven go","work":"Hamlet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/hamlet/#hamlet-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamlet-q10","title":"Hamlet","text":"There’s rosemary, that’s for remembrance","work":"Hamlet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/hamlet/#hamlet-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamlet-q11","title":"Hamlet","text":"There’s a divinity that shapes our ends, Rough-hew them how we will","work":"Hamlet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/hamlet/#hamlet-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamlet-q12","title":"Hamlet","text":"There’s a special providence in the fall of a sparrow. If it be now, ’tis not to come; if it be not to come, it will be now; if it be not now, yet it will come. The readiness is all","work":"Hamlet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/hamlet/#hamlet-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"hamlet-q13","title":"Hamlet","text":"Now cracks a noble heart. Good night, sweet prince, And flights of angels sing thee to thy rest","work":"Hamlet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/hamlet/#hamlet-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"hans-brinker-q1","title":"Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates","text":"we must be nearer starvation than this before we turn faithless to the father!","work":"Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates","author":"Mary Mapes Dodge","url":"/works/hans-brinker/#hans-brinker-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"hans-brinker-q2","title":"Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates","text":"I am no beggar, mynheer","work":"Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates","author":"Mary Mapes Dodge","url":"/works/hans-brinker/#hans-brinker-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"hans-brinker-q3","title":"Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates","text":"Not a leak can show itself anywhere either in its politics, honor, or public safety, that a million fingers are not ready to stop it, at any cost.","work":"Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates","author":"Mary Mapes Dodge","url":"/works/hans-brinker/#hans-brinker-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"hans-brinker-q4","title":"Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates","text":"Say what God tells thee, Mother","work":"Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates","author":"Mary Mapes Dodge","url":"/works/hans-brinker/#hans-brinker-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"hans-brinker-q5","title":"Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates","text":"you have called me your friend. Take this strap--quick!","work":"Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates","author":"Mary Mapes Dodge","url":"/works/hans-brinker/#hans-brinker-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"hans-brinker-q6","title":"Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates","text":"It is an ugly business, boy, this surgery","work":"Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates","author":"Mary Mapes Dodge","url":"/works/hans-brinker/#hans-brinker-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"hans-brinker-q7","title":"Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates","text":"It calls for wisdom, too, and a reverence for God’s work.","work":"Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates","author":"Mary Mapes Dodge","url":"/works/hans-brinker/#hans-brinker-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"hard-times-q1","title":"Hard Times","text":"NOW, what I want is, Facts. Teach these boys and girls nothing but Facts. Facts alone are wanted in life.","work":"Hard Times","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/hard-times/#hard-times-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"hard-times-q2","title":"Hard Times","text":"It was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it","work":"Hard Times","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/hard-times/#hard-times-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"hard-times-q3","title":"Hard Times","text":"Louisa, never wonder!","work":"Hard Times","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/hard-times/#hard-times-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"hard-times-q4","title":"Hard Times","text":"’Tis a muddle, and that’s aw.","work":"Hard Times","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/hard-times/#hard-times-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"hard-times-q5","title":"Hard Times","text":"How could you give me life, and take from me all the inappreciable things that raise it from the state of conscious death?","work":"Hard Times","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/hard-times/#hard-times-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"hard-times-q6","title":"Hard Times","text":"I think there’s a pain somewhere in the room","work":"Hard Times","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/hard-times/#hard-times-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"hard-times-q7","title":"Hard Times","text":"People mutht be amuthed. They can’t be alwayth a learning, nor yet they can’t be alwayth a working, they an’t made for it.","work":"Hard Times","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/hard-times/#hard-times-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"hard-times-q8","title":"Hard Times","text":"Dear reader! It rests with you and me, whether, in our two fields of action, similar things shall be or not.","work":"Hard Times","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/hard-times/#hard-times-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution-q1","title":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","text":"I threw out the idea that the public lands ought not to be reserved forever, as “a great fund for revenue;” that they ought not to be “treated as a great treasure;” but that the course of our policy should rather be directed towards the creation of new states, and building up great and flourishing communities.","work":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","author":"Robert Y. Hayne","url":"/works/hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution/#hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution-q2","title":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","text":"A moneyed interest in the government is essentially a base interest; and just so far as it operates to bind the feelings of those who are subjected to it to the government,—just so far as it operates in creating sympathies and interests that would not otherwise exist,—is it opposed to all the principles of free government, and at war with virtue and patriotism.","work":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","author":"Robert Y. Hayne","url":"/works/hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution/#hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution-q3","title":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","text":"Sir, I would lay the foundation of this government in the affections of the people—I would teach them to cling to it by dispensing equal justice, and above all, by securing the “blessings of liberty” to “themselves and to their posterity.”","work":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","author":"Robert Y. Hayne","url":"/works/hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution/#hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution-q4","title":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","text":"In the course of my former remarks, Mr. President, I took occasion to deprecate, as one of the greatest evils, the consolidation of this government.","work":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","author":"Robert Y. Hayne","url":"/works/hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution/#hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution-q5","title":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","text":"Do gentlemen estimate the value of the Union at so low a price, that they will not even make one effort to bind the states together with the cords of affection?","work":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","author":"Robert Y. Hayne","url":"/works/hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution/#hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution-q6","title":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","text":"Never was there exhibited in the history of the world higher examples of noble daring, dreadful suffering, and heroic endurance, than by the whigs of Carolina during the revolution.","work":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","author":"Robert Y. Hayne","url":"/works/hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution/#hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution-q7","title":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","text":"Who, then, Mr. President, are the true friends of the Union? Those who would confine the federal government strictly within the limits prescribed by the constitution; who would preserve to the states and the people all powers not expressly delegated; who would make this a federal and not a national Union, and who, administering the government in a spirit of equal justice, would make it a blessing, and not a curse.","work":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","author":"Robert Y. Hayne","url":"/works/hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution/#hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution-q8","title":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","text":"The South Carolina doctrine, that is to say, the doctrine contained in an exposition reported by a committee of the legislature in December, 1828, and published by their authority, is the good old republican doctrine of ’98—the doctrine of the celebrated “Virginia Resolutions” of that year, and of “Madison’s Report” of ’99.","work":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","author":"Robert Y. Hayne","url":"/works/hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution/#hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"heart-of-darkness-q1","title":"Heart of Darkness","text":"And this also has been one of the dark places of the earth.","work":"Heart of Darkness","author":"Joseph Conrad","url":"/works/heart-of-darkness/#heart-of-darkness-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"heart-of-darkness-q2","title":"Heart of Darkness","text":"The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much","work":"Heart of Darkness","author":"Joseph Conrad","url":"/works/heart-of-darkness/#heart-of-darkness-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"heart-of-darkness-q3","title":"Heart of Darkness","text":"the changes take place inside, you know","work":"Heart of Darkness","author":"Joseph Conrad","url":"/works/heart-of-darkness/#heart-of-darkness-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"heart-of-darkness-q4","title":"Heart of Darkness","text":"We live, as we dream—alone","work":"Heart of Darkness","author":"Joseph Conrad","url":"/works/heart-of-darkness/#heart-of-darkness-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"heart-of-darkness-q5","title":"Heart of Darkness","text":"The mind of man is capable of anything—because everything is in it, all the past as well as all the future","work":"Heart of Darkness","author":"Joseph Conrad","url":"/works/heart-of-darkness/#heart-of-darkness-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"heart-of-darkness-q6","title":"Heart of Darkness","text":"Exterminate all the brutes","work":"Heart of Darkness","author":"Joseph Conrad","url":"/works/heart-of-darkness/#heart-of-darkness-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"heart-of-darkness-q7","title":"Heart of Darkness","text":"The horror! The horror","work":"Heart of Darkness","author":"Joseph Conrad","url":"/works/heart-of-darkness/#heart-of-darkness-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"heart-of-darkness-q8","title":"Heart of Darkness","text":"Mistah Kurtz—he dead","work":"Heart of Darkness","author":"Joseph Conrad","url":"/works/heart-of-darkness/#heart-of-darkness-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"heidi-q1","title":"Heidi","text":"The little old town of Mayenfeld is charmingly situated.","work":"Heidi","author":"Johanna Spyri","url":"/works/heidi/#heidi-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"heidi-q2","title":"Heidi","text":"I am taking her up to the Alm-Uncle and there I want her to remain.","work":"Heidi","author":"Johanna Spyri","url":"/works/heidi/#heidi-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"heidi-q3","title":"Heidi","text":"That is not the way, Heidi. You see, God in heaven is a good Father to all of us, who knows what we need better than we do.","work":"Heidi","author":"Johanna Spyri","url":"/works/heidi/#heidi-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"helvering-v-davis-q1","title":"Helvering v. Davis","text":"The conception of the spending power advocated by Hamilton and strongly reinforced by Story has prevailed over that of Madison, which has not been lacking in adherents.","work":"Helvering v. Davis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/helvering-v-davis/#helvering-v-davis-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"helvering-v-davis-q2","title":"Helvering v. Davis","text":"The discretion belongs to Congress, unless the choice is clearly wrong, a display of arbitrary power, not an exercise of judgment.","work":"Helvering v. Davis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/helvering-v-davis/#helvering-v-davis-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"helvering-v-davis-q3","title":"Helvering v. Davis","text":"Nor is the concept of the general welfare static. Needs that were narrow or parochial a century ago may be interwoven in our day with the well-being of the nation.","work":"Helvering v. Davis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/helvering-v-davis/#helvering-v-davis-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"helvering-v-davis-q4","title":"Helvering v. Davis","text":"The hope behind this statute is to save men and women from the rigors of the poor house as well as from the haunting fear that such a lot awaits them when journey's end is near.","work":"Helvering v. Davis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/helvering-v-davis/#helvering-v-davis-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"helvering-v-davis-q5","title":"Helvering v. Davis","text":"Only a power that is national can serve the interests of all.","work":"Helvering v. Davis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/helvering-v-davis/#helvering-v-davis-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"helvering-v-davis-q6","title":"Helvering v. Davis","text":"Whether wisdom or unwisdom resides in the scheme of benefits set forth in Title II, it is not for us to say.","work":"Helvering v. Davis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/helvering-v-davis/#helvering-v-davis-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-iv-part-1-q1","title":"Henry IV, Part 1","text":"I know you all, and will awhile uphold The unyok’d humour of your idleness.","work":"Henry IV, Part 1","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-iv-part-1/#henry-iv-part-1-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-iv-part-1-q2","title":"Henry IV, Part 1","text":"By Heaven, methinks it were an easy leap To pluck bright honour from the pale-faced moon","work":"Henry IV, Part 1","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-iv-part-1/#henry-iv-part-1-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-iv-part-1-q3","title":"Henry IV, Part 1","text":"In thy faint slumbers I by thee have watch’d, And heard thee murmur tales of iron wars","work":"Henry IV, Part 1","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-iv-part-1/#henry-iv-part-1-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-iv-part-1-q4","title":"Henry IV, Part 1","text":"Banish plump Jack, and banish all the world.","work":"Henry IV, Part 1","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-iv-part-1/#henry-iv-part-1-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-iv-part-1-q5","title":"Henry IV, Part 1","text":"tell truth, and shame the devil","work":"Henry IV, Part 1","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-iv-part-1/#henry-iv-part-1-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-iv-part-1-q6","title":"Henry IV, Part 1","text":"Honour hath no skill in surgery then? No. What is honour? A word.","work":"Henry IV, Part 1","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-iv-part-1/#henry-iv-part-1-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-iv-part-1-q7","title":"Henry IV, Part 1","text":"Ill-weaved ambition, how much art thou shrunk!","work":"Henry IV, Part 1","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-iv-part-1/#henry-iv-part-1-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-iv-part-1-q8","title":"Henry IV, Part 1","text":"The better part of valour is discretion","work":"Henry IV, Part 1","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-iv-part-1/#henry-iv-part-1-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-v-q1","title":"Henry V","text":"O for a Muse of fire, that would ascend The brightest heaven of invention","work":"Henry V","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-v/#henry-v-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-v-q2","title":"Henry V","text":"Can this cockpit hold The vasty fields of France","work":"Henry V","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-v/#henry-v-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-v-q3","title":"Henry V","text":"Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more","work":"Henry V","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-v/#henry-v-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-v-q4","title":"Henry V","text":"In peace there’s nothing so becomes a man As modest stillness and humility","work":"Henry V","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-v/#henry-v-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-v-q5","title":"Henry V","text":"his nose was as sharp as a pen, and ’a babbled of green fields","work":"Henry V","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-v/#henry-v-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-v-q6","title":"Henry V","text":"if the cause be not good, the King himself hath a heavy reckoning to make","work":"Henry V","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-v/#henry-v-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-v-q7","title":"Henry V","text":"Every subject’s duty is the King’s; but every subject’s soul is his own","work":"Henry V","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-v/#henry-v-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-v-q8","title":"Henry V","text":"Not today, O Lord, O, not today, think not upon the fault My father made in compassing the crown","work":"Henry V","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-v/#henry-v-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-v-q9","title":"Henry V","text":"We few, we happy few, we band of brothers","work":"Henry V","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-v/#henry-v-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-v-q10","title":"Henry V","text":"For he today that sheds his blood with me Shall be my brother","work":"Henry V","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-v/#henry-v-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-v-q11","title":"Henry V","text":"Praised be God, and not our strength, for it","work":"Henry V","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-v/#henry-v-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"henry-v-q12","title":"Henry V","text":"Small time, but in that small most greatly lived This star of England","work":"Henry V","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-v/#henry-v-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"hepburn-v-griswold-q1","title":"Hepburn v. Griswold","text":"We are obliged to conclude that an act making mere promises to pay dollars a legal tender in payment of debts previously contracted, is not a means appropriate, plainly adapted, really calculated to carry into effect any express power vested in Congress; that such an act is inconsistent with the spirit of the Constitution; and that it is prohibited by the Constitution.","work":"Hepburn v. Griswold","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/hepburn-v-griswold/#hepburn-v-griswold-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"hepburn-v-griswold-q2","title":"Hepburn v. Griswold","text":"There is a well-known law of currency, that notes or promises to pay, unless made conveniently and promptly convertible into coin at the will of the holder, can never, except under unusual and abnormal conditions, be at par in circulation with coin.","work":"Hepburn v. Griswold","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/hepburn-v-griswold/#hepburn-v-griswold-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"hepburn-v-griswold-q3","title":"Hepburn v. Griswold","text":"It is difficult to conceive what act would take private property without process of law if such an act would not.","work":"Hepburn v. Griswold","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/hepburn-v-griswold/#hepburn-v-griswold-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"hepburn-v-griswold-q4","title":"Hepburn v. Griswold","text":"The time was not favorable to considerate reflection upon the constitutional limits of legislative or executive authority.","work":"Hepburn v. Griswold","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/hepburn-v-griswold/#hepburn-v-griswold-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"hepburn-v-griswold-q5","title":"Hepburn v. Griswold","text":"That the legal tender act prevented these disastrous results, and that the tender clause was necessary to prevent them, I entertain no doubt.","work":"Hepburn v. Griswold","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/hepburn-v-griswold/#hepburn-v-griswold-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"hepburn-v-griswold-q6","title":"Hepburn v. Griswold","text":"But what was needed was something more than the credit of the government.","work":"Hepburn v. Griswold","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/hepburn-v-griswold/#hepburn-v-griswold-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"ovid-heroides-q1","title":"Heroides","text":"This missive your Penelope sends to you, O Ulysses, slow of return that you are – yet write nothing back to me; yourself come!","work":"Heroides","author":"Ovid","url":"/works/ovid-heroides/#ovid-heroides-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"ovid-heroides-q2","title":"Heroides","text":"Love is a thing ever filled with anxious fear.","work":"Heroides","author":"Ovid","url":"/works/ovid-heroides/#ovid-heroides-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"ovid-heroides-q3","title":"Heroides","text":"Alas, wretched me, that love may not be healed by herbs!","work":"Heroides","author":"Ovid","url":"/works/ovid-heroides/#ovid-heroides-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"ovid-heroides-q4","title":"Heroides","text":"Aeneas my eyes cling to through all my waking hours; Aeneas is my heart through the night and through the day.","work":"Heroides","author":"Ovid","url":"/works/ovid-heroides/#ovid-heroides-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"ovid-heroides-q5","title":"Heroides","text":"Kept close in the palace am I, bound with heavy chains; and the cause of my punishment is that I was faithful.","work":"Heroides","author":"Ovid","url":"/works/ovid-heroides/#ovid-heroides-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"ovid-heroides-q6","title":"Heroides","text":"She is not faithful who regrets her faith.","work":"Heroides","author":"Ovid","url":"/works/ovid-heroides/#ovid-heroides-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"ovid-heroides-q7","title":"Heroides","text":"Believe me, it is true: going hence, I seem a swimmer, but, when I return, a shipwrecked man.","work":"Heroides","author":"Ovid","url":"/works/ovid-heroides/#ovid-heroides-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"ovid-heroides-q8","title":"Heroides","text":"For the languor clings to me, for causes that do not appear; worn out, I find no help in the physician’s art.","work":"Heroides","author":"Ovid","url":"/works/ovid-heroides/#ovid-heroides-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war-q1","title":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","text":"It was his conviction that while cleverness is appropriate to rhetoric, and inventiveness to poetry, truth alone is appropriate to history.","work":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","author":"Procopius of Caesarea","url":"/works/procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war/#procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war-q2","title":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","text":"so that I, for my part, am unable to call this anything except a disease of the soul.","work":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","author":"Procopius of Caesarea","url":"/works/procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war/#procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war-q3","title":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","text":"For while it is impossible for a man who has seen the light not also to die, for one who has been an emperor it is unendurable to be a fugitive.","work":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","author":"Procopius of Caesarea","url":"/works/procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war/#procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war-q4","title":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","text":"For as for myself, I approve a certain ancient saying that royalty is a good burial-shroud.","work":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","author":"Procopius of Caesarea","url":"/works/procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war/#procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war-q5","title":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","text":"Not far from the truth, I think, is the ancient saying that God does not give blessings unmixed, but He mingles them with troubles and then bestows them upon men.","work":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","author":"Procopius of Caesarea","url":"/works/procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war/#procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war-q6","title":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","text":"Indeed the whole matter may be stated thus, that no device was discovered by man to save himself","work":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","author":"Procopius of Caesarea","url":"/works/procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war/#procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war-q7","title":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","text":"those of the population who had formerly been members of the factions laid aside their mutual enmity and in common they attended to the burial rites of the dead","work":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","author":"Procopius of Caesarea","url":"/works/procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war/#procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war-q8","title":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","text":"all who had the good fortune to be in health were sitting in their houses, either attending the sick or mourning the dead.","work":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","author":"Procopius of Caesarea","url":"/works/procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war/#procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"death-be-not-proud-q1","title":"Holy Sonnet X: \"Death, be not proud\"","text":"Death be not proud, though some have called thee Mighty and dreadfull, for, thou art not soe","work":"Holy Sonnet X: \"Death, be not proud\"","author":"John Donne","url":"/works/death-be-not-proud/#death-be-not-proud-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"death-be-not-proud-q2","title":"Holy Sonnet X: \"Death, be not proud\"","text":"From rest and sleepe, which but thy pictures bee, Much pleasure, then from thee, much more must flow","work":"Holy Sonnet X: \"Death, be not proud\"","author":"John Donne","url":"/works/death-be-not-proud/#death-be-not-proud-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"death-be-not-proud-q3","title":"Holy Sonnet X: \"Death, be not proud\"","text":"Thou art slave to Fate, Chance, kings, and desperate men, And dost with poyson, warre, and sicknesse dwell","work":"Holy Sonnet X: \"Death, be not proud\"","author":"John Donne","url":"/works/death-be-not-proud/#death-be-not-proud-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"death-be-not-proud-q4","title":"Holy Sonnet X: \"Death, be not proud\"","text":"And poppie, or charmes can make us sleepe as well, And better then thy stroake; why swell'st thou then?","work":"Holy Sonnet X: \"Death, be not proud\"","author":"John Donne","url":"/works/death-be-not-proud/#death-be-not-proud-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"death-be-not-proud-q5","title":"Holy Sonnet X: \"Death, be not proud\"","text":"One short sleepe past, wee wake eternally, And death shall be no more; death, thou shalt die.","work":"Holy Sonnet X: \"Death, be not proud\"","author":"John Donne","url":"/works/death-be-not-proud/#death-be-not-proud-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"house-divided-speech-q1","title":"House Divided Speech","text":"\"A house divided against itself cannot stand.\" I believe this government cannot endure permanently, half slave and half free.","work":"House Divided Speech","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/house-divided-speech/#house-divided-speech-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"house-divided-speech-q2","title":"House Divided Speech","text":"I do not expect the Union to be dissolved,--I do not expect the house to fall; but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other.","work":"House Divided Speech","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/house-divided-speech/#house-divided-speech-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"house-divided-speech-q3","title":"House Divided Speech","text":"If we could first know where we are, and whither we are tending, we could better judge what to do, and how to do it.","work":"House Divided Speech","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/house-divided-speech/#house-divided-speech-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"house-divided-speech-q4","title":"House Divided Speech","text":"in such a case, we find it impossible not to believe that Stephen and Franklin and Roger and James all understood one another from the beginning, and all worked upon a common plan or draft, drawn up before the first blow was struck.","work":"House Divided Speech","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/house-divided-speech/#house-divided-speech-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"house-divided-speech-q5","title":"House Divided Speech","text":"We shall lie down, pleasantly dreaming that the people of Missouri are on the verge of making their State free, and we shall awake to the reality instead, that the Supreme Court has made Illinois a slave State.","work":"House Divided Speech","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/house-divided-speech/#house-divided-speech-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"house-divided-speech-q6","title":"House Divided Speech","text":"Judge Douglas, if not a dead lion, for this work is at least a caged and toothless one.","work":"House Divided Speech","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/house-divided-speech/#house-divided-speech-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"house-divided-speech-q7","title":"House Divided Speech","text":"The result is not doubtful. We shall not fail. If we stand firm, we shall not fail. Wise counsels may accelerate or mistakes delay it; but sooner or later the victory is sure to come.","work":"House Divided Speech","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/house-divided-speech/#house-divided-speech-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"grimms-fairy-tales-q1","title":"Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)","text":"Be easy, dear little sister, and go to sleep quietly; God will not forsake us","work":"Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)","author":"Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm","url":"/works/grimms-fairy-tales/#grimms-fairy-tales-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"grimms-fairy-tales-q2","title":"Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)","text":"Nibble, nibble, like a mouse, Who is nibbling at my house?","work":"Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)","author":"Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm","url":"/works/grimms-fairy-tales/#grimms-fairy-tales-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"grimms-fairy-tales-q3","title":"Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)","text":"Dear child, be pious and good, and God will always take care of you, and I will look down upon you from heaven, and will be with you.","work":"Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)","author":"Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm","url":"/works/grimms-fairy-tales/#grimms-fairy-tales-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"grimms-fairy-tales-q4","title":"Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)","text":"Looking-glass upon the wall, Who is fairest of us all?","work":"Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)","author":"Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm","url":"/works/grimms-fairy-tales/#grimms-fairy-tales-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"grimms-fairy-tales-q5","title":"Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)","text":"I am the luckiest man under the sun.","work":"Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)","author":"Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm","url":"/works/grimms-fairy-tales/#grimms-fairy-tales-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"grimms-fairy-tales-q6","title":"Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)","text":"That is the reward for your service,","work":"Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)","author":"Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm","url":"/works/grimms-fairy-tales/#grimms-fairy-tales-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"grimms-fairy-tales-q7","title":"Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)","text":"I have eaten for you, and I have drunk for you, I will also give you the ship; and all because you were kind to me at the first.","work":"Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)","author":"Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm","url":"/works/grimms-fairy-tales/#grimms-fairy-tales-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"i-have-a-dream-q1","title":"I Have a Dream","text":"they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character","work":"I Have a Dream","author":"Martin Luther King Jr.","url":"/works/i-have-a-dream/#i-have-a-dream-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"i-have-a-dream-q2","title":"I Have a Dream","text":"Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!","work":"I Have a Dream","author":"Martin Luther King Jr.","url":"/works/i-have-a-dream/#i-have-a-dream-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"i-will-fight-no-more-forever-q1","title":"I Will Fight No More Forever","text":"Tell General Howard I know his heart.","work":"I Will Fight No More Forever","author":"Chief Joseph","url":"/works/i-will-fight-no-more-forever/#i-will-fight-no-more-forever-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"i-will-fight-no-more-forever-q2","title":"I Will Fight No More Forever","text":"I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed; Looking-Glass is dead, Ta-hool-hool-shute is dead. The old men are all dead.","work":"I Will Fight No More Forever","author":"Chief Joseph","url":"/works/i-will-fight-no-more-forever/#i-will-fight-no-more-forever-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"i-will-fight-no-more-forever-q3","title":"I Will Fight No More Forever","text":"It is cold, and we have no blankets; the little children are freezing to death.","work":"I Will Fight No More Forever","author":"Chief Joseph","url":"/works/i-will-fight-no-more-forever/#i-will-fight-no-more-forever-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"i-will-fight-no-more-forever-q4","title":"I Will Fight No More Forever","text":"I want to have time to look for my children, and see how many of them I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead.","work":"I Will Fight No More Forever","author":"Chief Joseph","url":"/works/i-will-fight-no-more-forever/#i-will-fight-no-more-forever-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"i-will-fight-no-more-forever-q5","title":"I Will Fight No More Forever","text":"Hear me, my chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.","work":"I Will Fight No More Forever","author":"Chief Joseph","url":"/works/i-will-fight-no-more-forever/#i-will-fight-no-more-forever-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"if-kipling-q1","title":"If—","text":"If you can keep your head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;","work":"If—","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/if-kipling/#if-kipling-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"if-kipling-q2","title":"If—","text":"If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster And treat those two impostors just the same;","work":"If—","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/if-kipling/#if-kipling-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"if-kipling-q3","title":"If—","text":"Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken, And stoop and build ‘em up with worn-out tools;","work":"If—","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/if-kipling/#if-kipling-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"if-kipling-q4","title":"If—","text":"And so hold on when there is nothing in you Except the Will which says to them: ‘Hold on!’","work":"If—","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/if-kipling/#if-kipling-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"if-kipling-q5","title":"If—","text":"If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, Or walk with Kings--nor lose the common touch,","work":"If—","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/if-kipling/#if-kipling-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"if-kipling-q6","title":"If—","text":"If you can fill the unforgiving minute With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run, Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it, And--which is more--you’ll be a Man, my son!","work":"If—","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/if-kipling/#if-kipling-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science-q1","title":"Illustrations of the Logic of Science","text":"Few persons care to study logic, because everybody conceives himself to be proficient enough in the art of reasoning already.","work":"Illustrations of the Logic of Science","author":"Charles Sanders Peirce","url":"/works/peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science/#peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science-q2","title":"Illustrations of the Logic of Science","text":"The irritation of doubt causes a struggle to attain a state of belief.","work":"Illustrations of the Logic of Science","author":"Charles Sanders Peirce","url":"/works/peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science/#peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science-q3","title":"Illustrations of the Logic of Science","text":"To satisfy our doubts, therefore, it is necessary that a method should be found by which our beliefs may be caused by nothing human, but by some external permanency—by something upon which our thinking has no effect.","work":"Illustrations of the Logic of Science","author":"Charles Sanders Peirce","url":"/works/peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science/#peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science-q4","title":"Illustrations of the Logic of Science","text":"The genius of a man’s logical method should be loved and reverenced as his bride, whom he has chosen from all the world.","work":"Illustrations of the Logic of Science","author":"Charles Sanders Peirce","url":"/works/peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science/#peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science-q5","title":"Illustrations of the Logic of Science","text":"Consider what effects, which might conceivably have practical bearings, we conceive the object of our conception to have. Then, our conception of these effects is the whole of our conception of the object.","work":"Illustrations of the Logic of Science","author":"Charles Sanders Peirce","url":"/works/peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science/#peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science-q6","title":"Illustrations of the Logic of Science","text":"He who would not sacrifice his own soul to save the whole world, is, as it seems to me, illogical in all his inferences, collectively. Logic is rooted in the social principle.","work":"Illustrations of the Logic of Science","author":"Charles Sanders Peirce","url":"/works/peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science/#peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science-q7","title":"Illustrations of the Logic of Science","text":"Hypothesis is where we find some very curious circumstance, which would be explained by the supposition that it was a case of a certain general rule, and thereupon adopt that supposition.","work":"Illustrations of the Logic of Science","author":"Charles Sanders Peirce","url":"/works/peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science/#peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"in-flanders-fields-q1","title":"In Flanders Fields","text":"In Flanders fields the poppies grow Between the crosses, row on row","work":"In Flanders Fields","author":"John McCrae","url":"/works/in-flanders-fields/#in-flanders-fields-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"in-flanders-fields-q2","title":"In Flanders Fields","text":"We are the Dead.  Short days ago We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved, and were loved, and now we lie In Flanders fields.","work":"In Flanders Fields","author":"John McCrae","url":"/works/in-flanders-fields/#in-flanders-fields-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"in-flanders-fields-q3","title":"In Flanders Fields","text":"Take up our quarrel with the foe: To you from failing hands we throw The Torch:  be yours to hold it high!","work":"In Flanders Fields","author":"John McCrae","url":"/works/in-flanders-fields/#in-flanders-fields-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"in-flanders-fields-q4","title":"In Flanders Fields","text":"If ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders fields.","work":"In Flanders Fields","author":"John McCrae","url":"/works/in-flanders-fields/#in-flanders-fields-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"kennedy-inaugural-address-q1","title":"Inaugural Address","text":"the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God.","work":"Inaugural Address","author":"John F. Kennedy","url":"/works/kennedy-inaugural-address/#kennedy-inaugural-address-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"kennedy-inaugural-address-q2","title":"Inaugural Address","text":"Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans","work":"Inaugural Address","author":"John F. Kennedy","url":"/works/kennedy-inaugural-address/#kennedy-inaugural-address-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"kennedy-inaugural-address-q3","title":"Inaugural Address","text":"Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.","work":"Inaugural Address","author":"John F. Kennedy","url":"/works/kennedy-inaugural-address/#kennedy-inaugural-address-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"kennedy-inaugural-address-q4","title":"Inaugural Address","text":"If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.","work":"Inaugural Address","author":"John F. Kennedy","url":"/works/kennedy-inaugural-address/#kennedy-inaugural-address-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"kennedy-inaugural-address-q5","title":"Inaugural Address","text":"Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate.","work":"Inaugural Address","author":"John F. Kennedy","url":"/works/kennedy-inaugural-address/#kennedy-inaugural-address-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"kennedy-inaugural-address-q6","title":"Inaugural Address","text":"And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country.","work":"Inaugural Address","author":"John F. Kennedy","url":"/works/kennedy-inaugural-address/#kennedy-inaugural-address-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"kennedy-inaugural-address-q7","title":"Inaugural Address","text":"With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.","work":"Inaugural Address","author":"John F. Kennedy","url":"/works/kennedy-inaugural-address/#kennedy-inaugural-address-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl-q1","title":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","text":"Reader, be assured this narrative is no fiction.","work":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","author":"Harriet A. Jacobs","url":"/works/incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl/#incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl-q2","title":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","text":"I was born a slave; but I never knew it till six years of happy childhood had passed away.","work":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","author":"Harriet A. Jacobs","url":"/works/incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl/#incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl-q3","title":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","text":"There is a great difference between Christianity and religion at the south.","work":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","author":"Harriet A. Jacobs","url":"/works/incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl/#incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl-q4","title":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","text":"Slavery is terrible for men; but it is far more terrible for women.","work":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","author":"Harriet A. Jacobs","url":"/works/incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl/#incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl-q5","title":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","text":"Yet I would have chosen this, rather than my lot as a slave","work":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","author":"Harriet A. Jacobs","url":"/works/incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl/#incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl-q6","title":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","text":"when I speak of Mrs. Bruce as my friend, the word is sacred.","work":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","author":"Harriet A. Jacobs","url":"/works/incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl/#incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl-q7","title":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","text":"Reader, my story ends with freedom; not in the usual way, with marriage.","work":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","author":"Harriet A. Jacobs","url":"/works/incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl/#incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl-q8","title":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","text":"The dream of my life is not yet realized. I do not sit with my children in a home of my own.","work":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","author":"Harriet A. Jacobs","url":"/works/incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl/#incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"calvin-institutes-q1","title":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","text":"Our wisdom, in so far as it ought to be deemed true and solid Wisdom, consists almost entirely of two parts: the knowledge of God and of ourselves.","work":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","author":"John Calvin","url":"/works/calvin-institutes/#calvin-institutes-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"calvin-institutes-q2","title":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","text":"But I answer, that the testimony of the Spirit is superior to reason. For as God alone can properly bear witness to his own words, so these words will not obtain full credit in the hearts of men, until they are sealed by the inward testimony of the Spirit.","work":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","author":"John Calvin","url":"/works/calvin-institutes/#calvin-institutes-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"calvin-institutes-q3","title":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","text":"Hence we may infer, that the human mind is, so to speak, a perpetual forge of idols.","work":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","author":"John Calvin","url":"/works/calvin-institutes/#calvin-institutes-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"calvin-institutes-q4","title":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","text":"We are not our own; therefore, neither is our own reason or will to rule our acts and counsels. We are not our own; therefore, let us not make it our end to seek what may be agreeable to our carnal nature. We are not our own; therefore, as far as possible, let us forget ourselves and the things that are ours. On the other hand, we are God's; let us, therefore, live and die to him (Rom. 14:8).","work":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","author":"John Calvin","url":"/works/calvin-institutes/#calvin-institutes-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"calvin-institutes-q5","title":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","text":"Thus we simply interpret justification, as the acceptance with which God receives us into his favor as if we were righteous; and we say that this justification consists in the forgiveness of sins and the imputation of the righteousness of Christ","work":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","author":"John Calvin","url":"/works/calvin-institutes/#calvin-institutes-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"calvin-institutes-q6","title":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","text":"By predestination we mean the eternal decree of God, by which he determined with himself whatever he wished to happen with regard to every man. All are not created on equal terms, but some are preordained to eternal life, others to eternal damnation","work":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","author":"John Calvin","url":"/works/calvin-institutes/#calvin-institutes-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"calvin-institutes-q7","title":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","text":"I will not be ashamed to confess that it is too high a mystery either for my mind to comprehend or my words to express; and to speak more plainly, I rather feel than understand it.","work":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","author":"John Calvin","url":"/works/calvin-institutes/#calvin-institutes-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"calvin-institutes-q8","title":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","text":"we were redeemed by Christ at the great price which our redemption cost him, in order that we might not yield a slavish obedience to the depraved wishes of men, far less do homage to their impiety.","work":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","author":"John Calvin","url":"/works/calvin-institutes/#calvin-institutes-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays-q1","title":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","text":"I give my body to Hellas; sacrifice it and make an utter end of Troy.","work":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays/#euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays-q2","title":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","text":"This is my enduring monument; marriage, motherhood, and fame—all these is it to me.","work":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays/#euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays-q3","title":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","text":"But when the laws are written down, rich and poor alike have equal justice, and it is open to the weaker to use the same language to the prosperous when he is reviled by him, and the weaker prevails over the stronger if he have justice on his side.","work":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays/#euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays-q4","title":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","text":"he was no longer himself; his eyes were rolling; he was quite distraught; his eyeballs were bloodshot","work":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays/#euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays-q5","title":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","text":"I did not go to Troy; that was a phantom.","work":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays/#euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays-q6","title":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","text":"It is better, my son, to honor Equality, who always joins friend to friend, city to city, allies to allies;","work":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays/#euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays-q7","title":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","text":"Sweet charm of sleep, savior in sickness, how sweetly you came to me, how needed!","work":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays/#euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays-q8","title":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","text":"My conscience; I know that I am guilty of a dreadful crime.","work":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays/#euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"island-of-the-blue-dolphins-q1","title":"Island of the Blue Dolphins","text":"I remember the day the Aleut ship came to our island.","work":"Island of the Blue Dolphins","author":"Scott O'Dell","url":"/works/island-of-the-blue-dolphins/#island-of-the-blue-dolphins-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"island-of-the-blue-dolphins-q2","title":"Island of the Blue Dolphins","text":"Dolphins are animals of good omen.","work":"Island of the Blue Dolphins","author":"Scott O'Dell","url":"/works/island-of-the-blue-dolphins/#island-of-the-blue-dolphins-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"ivanhoe-q1","title":"Ivanhoe","text":"when the brute lives, and is in the charge of a Saxon slave, she goes by her Saxon name; but becomes a Norman, and is called pork, when she is carried to the Castle-hall to feast among the nobles","work":"Ivanhoe","author":"Walter Scott","url":"/works/ivanhoe/#ivanhoe-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"ivanhoe-q2","title":"Ivanhoe","text":"Remain where thou art, proud Templar, or at thy choice advance!","work":"Ivanhoe","author":"Walter Scott","url":"/works/ivanhoe/#ivanhoe-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"ivanhoe-q3","title":"Ivanhoe","text":"Chivalry!—why, maiden, she is the nurse of pure and high affection—the stay of the oppressed, the redresser of grievances, the curb of the power of the tyrant","work":"Ivanhoe","author":"Walter Scott","url":"/works/ivanhoe/#ivanhoe-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"ivanhoe-q4","title":"Ivanhoe","text":"I will not cast away the gift of God, while he affords me the means of defending it.","work":"Ivanhoe","author":"Walter Scott","url":"/works/ivanhoe/#ivanhoe-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"ivanhoe-q5","title":"Ivanhoe","text":"When Israel, of the Lord beloved, Out of the land of bondage came, Her father’s God before her moved, An awful guide, in smoke and flame.","work":"Ivanhoe","author":"Walter Scott","url":"/works/ivanhoe/#ivanhoe-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"ivanhoe-q6","title":"Ivanhoe","text":"Unscathed by the lance of his enemy, he had died a victim to the violence of his own contending passions.","work":"Ivanhoe","author":"Walter Scott","url":"/works/ivanhoe/#ivanhoe-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"ivanhoe-q7","title":"Ivanhoe","text":"tending the sick, feeding the hungry, and relieving the distressed","work":"Ivanhoe","author":"Walter Scott","url":"/works/ivanhoe/#ivanhoe-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"ivanhoe-q8","title":"Ivanhoe","text":"May He, who made both Jew and Christian, shower down on you his choicest blessings!","work":"Ivanhoe","author":"Walter Scott","url":"/works/ivanhoe/#ivanhoe-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"jacobson-v-massachusetts-q1","title":"Jacobson v. Massachusetts","text":"But the liberty secured by the Constitution of the United States to every person within its jurisdiction does not import an absolute right in each person to be, at all times and in all circumstances, wholly freed from restraint.","work":"Jacobson v. Massachusetts","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/jacobson-v-massachusetts/#jacobson-v-massachusetts-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"jacobson-v-massachusetts-q2","title":"Jacobson v. Massachusetts","text":"Real liberty for all could not exist under the operation of a principle which recognizes the right of each individual person to use his own, whether in respect of his person or his property, regardless of the injury that may be done to others.","work":"Jacobson v. Massachusetts","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/jacobson-v-massachusetts/#jacobson-v-massachusetts-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"jacobson-v-massachusetts-q3","title":"Jacobson v. Massachusetts","text":"Upon the principle of self-defense, of paramount necessity, a community has the right to protect itself against an epidemic of disease which threatens the safety of its members.","work":"Jacobson v. Massachusetts","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/jacobson-v-massachusetts/#jacobson-v-massachusetts-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"jacobson-v-massachusetts-q4","title":"Jacobson v. Massachusetts","text":"But it is equally true that in every well-ordered society charged with the duty of conserving the safety of its members the rights of the individual in respect of his liberty may at times, under the pressure of great dangers, be subjected to such restraint, to be enforced by reasonable regulations, as the safety of the general public may demand.","work":"Jacobson v. Massachusetts","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/jacobson-v-massachusetts/#jacobson-v-massachusetts-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"jacobson-v-massachusetts-q5","title":"Jacobson v. Massachusetts","text":"We are not prepared to hold that a minority, residing or remaining in any city or town where smallpox is prevalent, and enjoying the general protection afforded by an organized local government, may thus defy the will of its constituted authorities, acting in good faith for all, under the legislative sanction of the state.","work":"Jacobson v. Massachusetts","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/jacobson-v-massachusetts/#jacobson-v-massachusetts-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"jacobson-v-massachusetts-q6","title":"Jacobson v. Massachusetts","text":"Before closing this opinion we deem it appropriate, in order to prevent misapprehension as to our views, to observe-perhaps to repeat a thought already sufficiently expressed, namely-that the police power of a state, whether exercised directly by the legislature, or by a local body acting under its authority, may be exerted in such circumstances, or by regulations so arbitrary and oppressive in particular cases, as to justify the interference of the courts to prevent wrong and oppression.","work":"Jacobson v. Massachusetts","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/jacobson-v-massachusetts/#jacobson-v-massachusetts-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"jane-eyre-q1","title":"Jane Eyre","text":"There was no possibility of taking a walk that day.","work":"Jane Eyre","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/jane-eyre/#jane-eyre-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"jane-eyre-q2","title":"Jane Eyre","text":"It is far better to endure patiently a smart which nobody feels but yourself, than to commit a hasty action whose evil consequences will extend to all connected with you","work":"Jane Eyre","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/jane-eyre/#jane-eyre-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"jane-eyre-q3","title":"Jane Eyre","text":"breathed typhus through its crowded schoolroom and dormitory, and, ere May arrived, transformed the seminary into an hospital.","work":"Jane Eyre","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/jane-eyre/#jane-eyre-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"jane-eyre-q4","title":"Jane Eyre","text":"Women are supposed to be very calm generally: but women feel just as men feel","work":"Jane Eyre","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/jane-eyre/#jane-eyre-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"jane-eyre-q5","title":"Jane Eyre","text":"Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!","work":"Jane Eyre","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/jane-eyre/#jane-eyre-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"jane-eyre-q6","title":"Jane Eyre","text":"I am no bird; and no net ensnares me; I am a free human being with an independent will, which I now exert to leave you.","work":"Jane Eyre","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/jane-eyre/#jane-eyre-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"jane-eyre-q7","title":"Jane Eyre","text":"Laws and principles are not for the times when there is no temptation: they are for such moments as this, when body and soul rise in mutiny against their rigour","work":"Jane Eyre","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/jane-eyre/#jane-eyre-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"jane-eyre-q8","title":"Jane Eyre","text":"Reader, I married him.","work":"Jane Eyre","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/jane-eyre/#jane-eyre-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"jewish-antiquities-q1","title":"Jewish Antiquities","text":"Now there was about this time Jesus, a wise man, if it be lawful to call him a man","work":"Jewish Antiquities","author":"Flavius Josephus","url":"/works/jewish-antiquities/#jewish-antiquities-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"jewish-antiquities-q2","title":"Jewish Antiquities","text":"the brother of Jesus, who was called Christ, whose name was James","work":"Jewish Antiquities","author":"Flavius Josephus","url":"/works/jewish-antiquities/#jewish-antiquities-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"johnny-tremain-q1","title":"Johnny Tremain","text":"we fight, we die, for a simple thing. Only that a man can stand up.","work":"Johnny Tremain","author":"Esther Forbes","url":"/works/johnny-tremain/#johnny-tremain-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"journey-of-the-magi-q1","title":"Journey of the Magi","text":"‘A cold coming we had of it, Just the worst time of the year For a journey, and such a long journey: The ways deep and the weather sharp, The very dead of winter.’","work":"Journey of the Magi","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/journey-of-the-magi/#journey-of-the-magi-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"journey-of-the-magi-q2","title":"Journey of the Magi","text":"At the end we preferred to travel all night, Sleeping in snatches, With the voices singing in our ears, saying That this was all folly.","work":"Journey of the Magi","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/journey-of-the-magi/#journey-of-the-magi-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"journey-of-the-magi-q3","title":"Journey of the Magi","text":"And three trees on the low sky, And an old white horse galloped away in the meadow. Then we came to a tavern with vine-leaves over the lintel, Six hands at an open door dicing for pieces of silver, And feet kicking the empty wine-skins,","work":"Journey of the Magi","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/journey-of-the-magi/#journey-of-the-magi-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"journey-of-the-magi-q4","title":"Journey of the Magi","text":"were we led all that way for Birth or Death? There was a Birth, certainly, We had evidence and no doubt. I had seen birth and death, But had thought they were different; this Birth was Hard and bitter agony for us, like Death, our death.","work":"Journey of the Magi","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/journey-of-the-magi/#journey-of-the-magi-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"journey-of-the-magi-q5","title":"Journey of the Magi","text":"We returned to our places, these Kingdoms, But no longer at ease here, in the old dispensation, With an alien people clutching their gods. I should be glad of another death.","work":"Journey of the Magi","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/journey-of-the-magi/#journey-of-the-magi-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven-q1","title":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","text":"Although I am happy now, I am not without fear of future shadow.","work":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","author":"Wu Cheng'en","url":"/works/journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven/#journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven-q2","title":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","text":"He found all men were in search of fame or riches, and none sought for everlasting life.","work":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","author":"Wu Cheng'en","url":"/works/journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven/#journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven-q3","title":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","text":"The above is a summary of the Author's version of the seven days of creation.","work":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","author":"Wu Cheng'en","url":"/works/journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven/#journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven-q4","title":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","text":"The five pillars became a mountain joined together, and were called the Five Elements mountain, and Buddha gently covered him up under the mountain.","work":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","author":"Wu Cheng'en","url":"/works/journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven/#journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven-q5","title":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","text":"Buddhism is purity and kindness. Though its God is unseen, the fruit of the religion is good.","work":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","author":"Wu Cheng'en","url":"/works/journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven/#journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven-q6","title":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","text":"From the heart come all sorts of evil spirits. By the heart you can overcome them.","work":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","author":"Wu Cheng'en","url":"/works/journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven/#journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven-q7","title":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","text":"To pacify a nation, first attend to the King's illness.","work":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","author":"Wu Cheng'en","url":"/works/journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven/#journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven-q8","title":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","text":"They had travelled 10,000 li, and crossed a thousand rivers, in the daily hope of seeing Buddha at last.","work":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","author":"Wu Cheng'en","url":"/works/journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven/#journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"jude-the-obscure-q1","title":"Jude the Obscure","text":"As you got older, and felt yourself to be at the centre of your time, and not at a point in its circumference, as you had felt when you were little, you were seized with a sort of shuddering, he perceived.","work":"Jude the Obscure","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/jude-the-obscure/#jude-the-obscure-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"jude-the-obscure-q2","title":"Jude the Obscure","text":"It is a city of light","work":"Jude the Obscure","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/jude-the-obscure/#jude-the-obscure-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"jude-the-obscure-q3","title":"Jude the Obscure","text":"the social moulds civilization fits us into have no more relation to our actual shapes than the conventional shapes of the constellations have to the real star-patterns.","work":"Jude the Obscure","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/jude-the-obscure/#jude-the-obscure-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"jude-the-obscure-q4","title":"Jude the Obscure","text":"I am in a chaos of principles—groping in the dark—acting by instinct and not after example.","work":"Jude the Obscure","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/jude-the-obscure/#jude-the-obscure-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"jude-the-obscure-q5","title":"Jude the Obscure","text":"They seem to see all its terrors before they are old enough to have staying power to resist them.","work":"Jude the Obscure","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/jude-the-obscure/#jude-the-obscure-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"jude-the-obscure-q6","title":"Jude the Obscure","text":"We are acting by the letter; and ‘the letter killeth’!","work":"Jude the Obscure","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/jude-the-obscure/#jude-the-obscure-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"jude-the-obscure-q7","title":"Jude the Obscure","text":"Let the day perish wherein I was born, and the night in which it was said, There is a man-child conceived.","work":"Jude the Obscure","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/jude-the-obscure/#jude-the-obscure-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"jude-the-obscure-q8","title":"Jude the Obscure","text":"to point, without a mincing of words, the tragedy of unfulfilled aims","work":"Jude the Obscure","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/jude-the-obscure/#jude-the-obscure-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"julius-caesar-q1","title":"Julius Caesar","text":"Beware the Ides of March","work":"Julius Caesar","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/julius-caesar/#julius-caesar-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"julius-caesar-q2","title":"Julius Caesar","text":"The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, But in ourselves, that we are underlings","work":"Julius Caesar","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/julius-caesar/#julius-caesar-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"julius-caesar-q3","title":"Julius Caesar","text":"Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look; He thinks too much: such men are dangerous","work":"Julius Caesar","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/julius-caesar/#julius-caesar-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"julius-caesar-q4","title":"Julius Caesar","text":"It must be by his death: and for my part, I know no personal cause to spurn at him, But for the general","work":"Julius Caesar","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/julius-caesar/#julius-caesar-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"julius-caesar-q5","title":"Julius Caesar","text":"Between the acting of a dreadful thing And the first motion, all the interim is Like a phantasma, or a hideous dream","work":"Julius Caesar","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/julius-caesar/#julius-caesar-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"julius-caesar-q6","title":"Julius Caesar","text":"Cowards die many times before their deaths; The valiant never taste of death but once","work":"Julius Caesar","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/julius-caesar/#julius-caesar-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"julius-caesar-q7","title":"Julius Caesar","text":"But I am constant as the northern star","work":"Julius Caesar","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/julius-caesar/#julius-caesar-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"julius-caesar-q8","title":"Julius Caesar","text":"Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more","work":"Julius Caesar","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/julius-caesar/#julius-caesar-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"julius-caesar-q9","title":"Julius Caesar","text":"Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears; I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him","work":"Julius Caesar","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/julius-caesar/#julius-caesar-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"julius-caesar-q10","title":"Julius Caesar","text":"The evil that men do lives after them, The good is oft interred with their bones","work":"Julius Caesar","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/julius-caesar/#julius-caesar-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"julius-caesar-q11","title":"Julius Caesar","text":"There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune","work":"Julius Caesar","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/julius-caesar/#julius-caesar-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"julius-caesar-q12","title":"Julius Caesar","text":"This was the noblest Roman of them all","work":"Julius Caesar","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/julius-caesar/#julius-caesar-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"julius-caesar-q13","title":"Julius Caesar","text":"His life was gentle, and the elements So mix’d in him that Nature might stand up And say to all the world, “This was a man","work":"Julius Caesar","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/julius-caesar/#julius-caesar-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"just-so-stories-q1","title":"Just So Stories","text":"who was full of ‘satiable curtiosity, and that means he asked ever so many questions","work":"Just So Stories","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/just-so-stories/#just-so-stories-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"just-so-stories-q2","title":"Just So Stories","text":"the great grey-green, greasy Limpopo River, all set about with fever-trees","work":"Just So Stories","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/just-so-stories/#just-so-stories-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"just-so-stories-q3","title":"Just So Stories","text":"Their names are What and Where and When And How and Why and Who.","work":"Just So Stories","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/just-so-stories/#just-so-stories-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"just-so-stories-q4","title":"Just So Stories","text":"That’s your very own humph that you’ve brought upon your very own self by not working.","work":"Just So Stories","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/just-so-stories/#just-so-stories-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"just-so-stories-q5","title":"Just So Stories","text":"But uglier yet is the hump we get From having too little to do.","work":"Just So Stories","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/just-so-stories/#just-so-stories-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"just-so-stories-q6","title":"Just So Stories","text":"Them that takes cakes Which the Parsee-man bakes Makes dreadful mistakes.","work":"Just So Stories","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/just-so-stories/#just-so-stories-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"just-so-stories-q7","title":"Just So Stories","text":"How wise are little children who see and are silent!","work":"Just So Stories","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/just-so-stories/#just-so-stories-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"just-so-stories-q8","title":"Just So Stories","text":"I am the Cat who walks by himself, and all places are alike to me.","work":"Just So Stories","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/just-so-stories/#just-so-stories-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"kalevala-q1","title":"Kalevala","text":"Mastered by desire impulsive, By a mighty inward urging, I am ready now for singing, Ready to begin the chanting Of our nation’s ancient folk-song Handed down from by-gone ages.","work":"Kalevala","author":"Elias Lönnrot (compiler)","url":"/works/kalevala/#kalevala-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"kalevala-q2","title":"Kalevala","text":"Listen, all ye mothers, listen, Learn from me a tale of wisdom: Never urge unwilling daughters From the dwellings of their fathers, To the bridegrooms that they love not,","work":"Kalevala","author":"Elias Lönnrot (compiler)","url":"/works/kalevala/#kalevala-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"kalevala-q3","title":"Kalevala","text":"Forges skilfully the Sampo; On one side the flour is grinding, On another salt is making, On a third is money forging, And the lid is many-colored.","work":"Kalevala","author":"Elias Lönnrot (compiler)","url":"/works/kalevala/#kalevala-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"kalevala-q4","title":"Kalevala","text":"Lemminkainen’s faithful mother Takes the rake of magic metals, Rakes the Tuoni river bottoms, Rakes the cataract and whirlpool,","work":"Kalevala","author":"Elias Lönnrot (compiler)","url":"/works/kalevala/#kalevala-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"kalevala-q5","title":"Kalevala","text":"If the child is not well nurtured, Is not rocked and led uprightly, Though he grow to years of manhood, Bear a strong and shapely body, He will never know discretion, Never eat the bread of honor, Never drink the cup of wisdom.","work":"Kalevala","author":"Elias Lönnrot (compiler)","url":"/works/kalevala/#kalevala-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"kalevala-q6","title":"Kalevala","text":"Wept the young, and wept the aged, Wept the mothers, wept the daughters Wept the warriors and heroes At the music of his playing,","work":"Kalevala","author":"Elias Lönnrot (compiler)","url":"/works/kalevala/#kalevala-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"kalevala-q7","title":"Kalevala","text":"Come, O Ukko, to my rescue, God of mercy, lend thy presence, Give these vapor-baths new virtues, Grant to them the powers of healing, And restore my dying people;","work":"Kalevala","author":"Elias Lönnrot (compiler)","url":"/works/kalevala/#kalevala-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"kalevala-q8","title":"Kalevala","text":"But he left his harp of magic, Left his songs and wisdom-sayings, To the lasting joy of Suomi.","work":"Kalevala","author":"Elias Lönnrot (compiler)","url":"/works/kalevala/#kalevala-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"kidnapped-q1","title":"Kidnapped","text":"I will begin the story of my adventures with a certain morning early in the month of June, the year of grace 1751, when I took the key for the last time out of the door of my father’s house","work":"Kidnapped","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/kidnapped/#kidnapped-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"kidnapped-q2","title":"Kidnapped","text":"Davie, Davie,” I thought, “was ever seen such black ingratitude? Can you forget old favours and old friends at the mere whistle of a name? Fie, fie; think shame","work":"Kidnapped","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/kidnapped/#kidnapped-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"kidnapped-q3","title":"Kidnapped","text":"The stair had been carried no higher; to set a stranger mounting it in the darkness was to send him straight to his death","work":"Kidnapped","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/kidnapped/#kidnapped-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"kidnapped-q4","title":"Kidnapped","text":"David,” said he, “I love you like a brother. And O, man,” he cried in a kind of ecstasy, “am I no a bonny fighter","work":"Kidnapped","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/kidnapped/#kidnapped-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"kidnapped-q5","title":"Kidnapped","text":"We’re neither one of us to mend the other--that’s the truth! We must just bear and forbear, man Alan","work":"Kidnapped","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/kidnapped/#kidnapped-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"kidnapped-q6","title":"Kidnapped","text":"For just precisely what I thought I liked about ye, was that ye never quarrelled:--and now I like ye better","work":"Kidnapped","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/kidnapped/#kidnapped-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"kidnapped-q7","title":"Kidnapped","text":"The hand of Providence brought me in my drifting to the very doors of the British Linen Company’s bank","work":"Kidnapped","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/kidnapped/#kidnapped-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"king-lear-q1","title":"King Lear","text":"As flies to wanton boys are we to the gods, They kill us for their sport","work":"King Lear","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/king-lear/#king-lear-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"korematsu-v-united-states-q1","title":"Korematsu v. United States","text":"It should be noted, to begin with, that all legal restrictions which curtail the civil rights of a single racial group are immediately suspect. That is not to say that all such restrictions are unconstitutional. It is to say that courts must subject them to the most rigid scrutiny. Pressing public necessity may sometimes justify the existence of such restrictions; racial antagonism never can.","work":"Korematsu v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/korematsu-v-united-states/#korematsu-v-united-states-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"korematsu-v-united-states-q2","title":"Korematsu v. United States","text":"Korematsu was not excluded from the Military Area because of hostility to him or his race.","work":"Korematsu v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/korematsu-v-united-states/#korematsu-v-united-states-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"korematsu-v-united-states-q3","title":"Korematsu v. United States","text":"To find that the Constitution does not forbid the military measures now complained of does not carry with it approval of that which Congress and the Executive did. That is their business, not ours.","work":"Korematsu v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/korematsu-v-united-states/#korematsu-v-united-states-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"korematsu-v-united-states-q4","title":"Korematsu v. United States","text":"On the contrary, it is the case of convicting a citizen as a punishment for not submitting to imprisonment in a concentration camp, based on his ancestry, and solely because of his ancestry, without evidence or inquiry concerning his loyalty and good disposition towards the United States.","work":"Korematsu v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/korematsu-v-united-states/#korematsu-v-united-states-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"korematsu-v-united-states-q5","title":"Korematsu v. United States","text":"Such exclusion goes over \"the very brink of constitutional power,\" and falls into the ugly abyss of racism.","work":"Korematsu v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/korematsu-v-united-states/#korematsu-v-united-states-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"korematsu-v-united-states-q6","title":"Korematsu v. United States","text":"The principle then lies about like a loaded weapon, ready for the hand of any authority that can bring forward a plausible claim of an urgent need.","work":"Korematsu v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/korematsu-v-united-states/#korematsu-v-united-states-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"lassie-come-home-q1","title":"Lassie Come-Home","text":"Everyone in Greenall Bridge knew Sam Carraclough's Lassie.","work":"Lassie Come-Home","author":"Eric Knight","url":"/works/lassie-come-home/#lassie-come-home-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"lassie-come-home-q2","title":"Lassie Come-Home","text":"Ye're a come-homer. Ye're my Lassie Come-Home.","work":"Lassie Come-Home","author":"Eric Knight","url":"/works/lassie-come-home/#lassie-come-home-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-laws-q1","title":"Laws","text":"Tell me, Strangers, is a God or some man supposed to be the author of your laws?","work":"Laws","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-laws/#plato-laws-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-laws-q2","title":"Laws","text":"the first and best of victories, the lowest and worst of defeats--which each man gains or sustains at the hands, not of another, but of himself","work":"Laws","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-laws/#plato-laws-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-laws-q3","title":"Laws","text":"this is the sacred and golden cord of reason, called by us the common law of the State","work":"Laws","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-laws/#plato-laws-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-laws-q4","title":"Laws","text":"Now God ought to be to us the measure of all things, and not man","work":"Laws","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-laws/#plato-laws-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-laws-q5","title":"Laws","text":"For that state in which the law is subject and has no authority, I perceive to be on the highway to ruin; but I see that the state in which the law is above the rulers, and the rulers are the inferiors of the law, has salvation","work":"Laws","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-laws/#plato-laws-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-laws-q6","title":"Laws","text":"he will not prescribe for him until he has first convinced him","work":"Laws","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-laws/#plato-laws-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-laws-q7","title":"Laws","text":"Man, as we say, is a tame or civilized animal; nevertheless, he requires proper instruction and a fortunate nature","work":"Laws","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-laws/#plato-laws-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-laws-q8","title":"Laws","text":"the soul is the first origin and moving power of all that is, or has become, or will be","work":"Laws","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-laws/#plato-laws-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"le-morte-darthur-q1","title":"Le Morte d'Arthur","text":"Do after the good and leave the evil, and it shall bring you to good fame and renown.","work":"Le Morte d'Arthur","author":"Thomas Malory","url":"/works/le-morte-darthur/#le-morte-darthur-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"le-morte-darthur-q2","title":"Le Morte d'Arthur","text":"Whoso pulleth out this sword of this stone and anvil, is rightwise king born of all England.","work":"Le Morte d'Arthur","author":"Thomas Malory","url":"/works/le-morte-darthur/#le-morte-darthur-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"le-morte-darthur-q3","title":"Le Morte d'Arthur","text":"never to do outrageousity nor murder, and always to flee treason; also, by no means to be cruel, but to give mercy unto him that asketh mercy","work":"Le Morte d'Arthur","author":"Thomas Malory","url":"/works/le-morte-darthur/#le-morte-darthur-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"le-morte-darthur-q4","title":"Le Morte d'Arthur","text":"Then there entered into the hall the Holy Grail covered with white samite, but there was none might see it, nor who bare it.","work":"Le Morte d'Arthur","author":"Thomas Malory","url":"/works/le-morte-darthur/#le-morte-darthur-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"le-morte-darthur-q5","title":"Le Morte d'Arthur","text":"Now, blessed Lord, would I not longer live, if it might please thee, Lord.","work":"Le Morte d'Arthur","author":"Thomas Malory","url":"/works/le-morte-darthur/#le-morte-darthur-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"le-morte-darthur-q6","title":"Le Morte d'Arthur","text":"for queens I might have enow, but such a fellowship of good knights shall never be together in no company.","work":"Le Morte d'Arthur","author":"Thomas Malory","url":"/works/le-morte-darthur/#le-morte-darthur-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"le-morte-darthur-q7","title":"Le Morte d'Arthur","text":"Hic jacet Arthurus, Rex quondam, Rexque futurus.","work":"Le Morte d'Arthur","author":"Thomas Malory","url":"/works/le-morte-darthur/#le-morte-darthur-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"le-morte-darthur-q8","title":"Le Morte d'Arthur","text":"thou were the courteoust knight that ever bare shield. And thou were the truest friend to thy lover that ever bestrad horse.","work":"Le Morte d'Arthur","author":"Thomas Malory","url":"/works/le-morte-darthur/#le-morte-darthur-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism-q1","title":"Lectures on Calvinism","text":"For our relation to God: an immediate fellowship of man with the Eternal, independently of priest or church.","work":"Lectures on Calvinism","author":"Abraham Kuyper","url":"/works/kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism/#kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism-q2","title":"Lectures on Calvinism","text":"First stands the confession of the absolute sovereignty of the Triune God; for of Him, through Him, and unto Him are all things.","work":"Lectures on Calvinism","author":"Abraham Kuyper","url":"/works/kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism/#kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism-q3","title":"Lectures on Calvinism","text":"In itself there is nothing sinful in fiction;— the power of the imagination is a precious gift of God Himself.","work":"Lectures on Calvinism","author":"Abraham Kuyper","url":"/works/kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism/#kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism-q4","title":"Lectures on Calvinism","text":"the family, the business, science, art and so forth are all social spheres, which do not owe their existence to the State, and which do not derive the law of their life from the superiority of the state, but obey a high authority within their own bosom, which rules, by the grace of God, just as the sovereignty of the State does.","work":"Lectures on Calvinism","author":"Abraham Kuyper","url":"/works/kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism/#kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism-q5","title":"Lectures on Calvinism","text":"not only the church, but also the world belongs to God and in both has to be investigated the masterpiece of the supreme Architect and Artificer.","work":"Lectures on Calvinism","author":"Abraham Kuyper","url":"/works/kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism/#kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism-q6","title":"Lectures on Calvinism","text":"the beautiful is not the product of our own fantasy, nor of our subjective perception, but has an objective existence, being itself the expression of a Divine perfection.","work":"Lectures on Calvinism","author":"Abraham Kuyper","url":"/works/kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism/#kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism-q7","title":"Lectures on Calvinism","text":"the quickening of life comes not from men, it is the prerogative of God","work":"Lectures on Calvinism","author":"Abraham Kuyper","url":"/works/kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism/#kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"lectures-on-clinical-psychiatry-q1","title":"Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry","text":"This infirmity is the incurable outcome of a very common history of disease, to which we will provisionally give the name of Dementia Prcecox","work":"Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry","author":"Emil Kraepelin","url":"/works/lectures-on-clinical-psychiatry/#lectures-on-clinical-psychiatry-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"legal-tender-cases-q1","title":"Legal Tender Cases","text":"It certainly was intended to confer upon the government the power of self-preservation.","work":"Legal Tender Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/legal-tender-cases/#legal-tender-cases-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"legal-tender-cases-q2","title":"Legal Tender Cases","text":"The Constitution was intended to frame a government as distinguished from a league or compact, a government supreme in some particulars over States and people.","work":"Legal Tender Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/legal-tender-cases/#legal-tender-cases-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"legal-tender-cases-q3","title":"Legal Tender Cases","text":"And it is no unprecedented thing in courts of last resort, both in this country and in England, to overrule decisions previously made.","work":"Legal Tender Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/legal-tender-cases/#legal-tender-cases-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"legal-tender-cases-q4","title":"Legal Tender Cases","text":"The United States is not only a government, but it is a National government, and the only government in this country that has the character of nationality.","work":"Legal Tender Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/legal-tender-cases/#legal-tender-cases-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"legal-tender-cases-q5","title":"Legal Tender Cases","text":"And this reversal, unprecedented in the history of the court, has been produced by no change in the opinions of those who concurred in the former judgment.","work":"Legal Tender Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/legal-tender-cases/#legal-tender-cases-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"legal-tender-cases-q6","title":"Legal Tender Cases","text":"It was hoped that it had settled forever that under a Constitution ordained, among other things, 'to establish justice,' legislation giving to one person the right to discharge his obligations to another by nominal instead of actual fulfilment, could never be justified.","work":"Legal Tender Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/legal-tender-cases/#legal-tender-cases-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne-q1","title":"Legends of Charlemagne","text":"The tales, though not to be trusted for their facts, are worthy of all credit as pictures of manners","work":"Legends of Charlemagne","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne/#bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne-q2","title":"Legends of Charlemagne","text":"The Siren of Ulysses is the prototype of the Siren of Orlando, and the character of Circe reappears in Alcina.","work":"Legends of Charlemagne","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne/#bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne-q3","title":"Legends of Charlemagne","text":"But he also saw among so many lost things a great abundance of one thing which men are apt to think they all possess, and do not think it necessary to pray for,--good sense.","work":"Legends of Charlemagne","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne/#bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne-q4","title":"Legends of Charlemagne","text":"Ah, how easy it is to lose one's reason! Some lose theirs by yielding to the sway of the passions;","work":"Legends of Charlemagne","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne/#bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne-q5","title":"Legends of Charlemagne","text":"He felt like one who had awakened from a painful dream, in which he had believed that monsters were about to tear him to pieces.","work":"Legends of Charlemagne","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne/#bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne-q6","title":"Legends of Charlemagne","text":"Orlando fixed his eyes on the hilt of his sword as on a crucifix, and embraced it, and he raised his eyes and appeared like a creature seraphical and transfigured, and bowing his head, he breathed out his pure soul.","work":"Legends of Charlemagne","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne/#bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne-q7","title":"Legends of Charlemagne","text":"I bless thee, Orlando; I bless thy whole life, and all that thou wast, and all that thou ever didst, and the father that begat thee;","work":"Legends of Charlemagne","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne/#bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne-q8","title":"Legends of Charlemagne","text":"Brother, let Bayard live a little longer; who knows what God may do for us?","work":"Legends of Charlemagne","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne/#bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"lemon-v-kurtzman-q1","title":"Lemon v. Kurtzman","text":"Three such tests may be gleaned from our cases. First, the statute must have a secular legislative purpose; second, its principal or primary effect must be one that neither advances nor inhibits religion, Board of Education v. Allen, 392 U.S. 236, 243 (1968); finally, the statute must not foster \"an excessive government entanglement with religion.\"","work":"Lemon v. Kurtzman","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lemon-v-kurtzman/#lemon-v-kurtzman-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"lemon-v-kurtzman-q2","title":"Lemon v. Kurtzman","text":"Judicial caveats against entanglement must recognize that the line of separation, far from being a \"wall,\" is a blurred, indistinct, and variable barrier depending on all the circumstances of a particular relationship.","work":"Lemon v. Kurtzman","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lemon-v-kurtzman/#lemon-v-kurtzman-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"lemon-v-kurtzman-q3","title":"Lemon v. Kurtzman","text":"Unlike a book, a teacher cannot be inspected once so as to determine the extent and intent of his or her personal beliefs and subjective acceptance of the limitations imposed by the First Amendment.","work":"Lemon v. Kurtzman","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lemon-v-kurtzman/#lemon-v-kurtzman-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"lemon-v-kurtzman-q4","title":"Lemon v. Kurtzman","text":"Ordinarily, political debate and division, however vigorous or even partisan, are normal and healthy manifestations of our democratic system of government, but political division along religious lines was one of the principal evils against which the First Amendment was intended to protect.","work":"Lemon v. Kurtzman","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lemon-v-kurtzman/#lemon-v-kurtzman-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"lemon-v-kurtzman-q5","title":"Lemon v. Kurtzman","text":"The surveillance or supervision of the States needed to police grants involved in these three cases, if performed, puts a public investigator into every classroom and entails a pervasive monitoring of these church agencies by the secular authorities.","work":"Lemon v. Kurtzman","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lemon-v-kurtzman/#lemon-v-kurtzman-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"lemon-v-kurtzman-q6","title":"Lemon v. Kurtzman","text":"It is enough for me that the States and the Federal Government are financing a separable secular function of overriding importance in order to sustain the legislation here challenged. That religion and private interests other than education may substantially benefit does not convert these laws into impermissible establishments of religion.","work":"Lemon v. Kurtzman","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lemon-v-kurtzman/#lemon-v-kurtzman-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"lepanto-q1","title":"Lepanto","text":"The last knight of Europe takes weapons from the wall, The last and lingering troubadour to whom the bird has sung, That once went singing southward when all the world was young. In that enormous silence, tiny and unafraid, Comes up along a winding road the noise of the Crusade.","work":"Lepanto","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/lepanto/#lepanto-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"lepanto-q2","title":"Lepanto","text":"Strong gongs groaning as the guns boom far, Don John of Austria is going to the war, Stiff flags straining in the night-blasts cold In the gloom black-purple, in the glint old-gold, Torchlight crimson on the copper kettle-drums, Then the tuckets, then the trumpets, then the cannon, and he comes.","work":"Lepanto","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/lepanto/#lepanto-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"lepanto-q3","title":"Lepanto","text":"It is he that saith not 'Kismet'; it is he that knows not Fate; It is Richard, it is Raymond, it is Godfrey in the gate!","work":"Lepanto","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/lepanto/#lepanto-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"lepanto-q4","title":"Lepanto","text":"The hidden room in man's house where God sits all the year, The secret window whence the world looks small and very dear.","work":"Lepanto","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/lepanto/#lepanto-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"lepanto-q5","title":"Lepanto","text":"Vivat Hispania! Domino Gloria! Don John of Austria Has set his people free!","work":"Lepanto","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/lepanto/#lepanto-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"lepanto-q6","title":"Lepanto","text":"Cervantes on his galley sets the sword back in the sheath (Don John of Austria rides homeward with a wreath.) And he sees across a weary land a straggling road in Spain, Up which a lean and foolish knight for ever rides in vain","work":"Lepanto","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/lepanto/#lepanto-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"les-miserables-q1","title":"Les Misérables","text":"Jean Valjean, my brother, you no longer belong to evil, but to good. It is your soul that I buy from you; I withdraw it from black thoughts and the spirit of perdition, and I give it to God.","work":"Les Misérables","author":"Victor Hugo","url":"/works/les-miserables/#les-miserables-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"les-miserables-q2","title":"Les Misérables","text":"The guilty one is not the person who has committed the sin, but the person who has created the shadow.","work":"Les Misérables","author":"Victor Hugo","url":"/works/les-miserables/#les-miserables-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"les-miserables-q3","title":"Les Misérables","text":"There is a spectacle more grand than the sea; it is heaven: there is a spectacle more grand than heaven; it is the inmost recesses of the soul.","work":"Les Misérables","author":"Victor Hugo","url":"/works/les-miserables/#les-miserables-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"les-miserables-q4","title":"Les Misérables","text":"The supreme happiness of life consists in the conviction that one is loved; loved for one’s own sake—let us say rather, loved in spite of one’s self","work":"Les Misérables","author":"Victor Hugo","url":"/works/les-miserables/#les-miserables-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"les-miserables-q5","title":"Les Misérables","text":"Javert’s ideal, was not to be human, to be grand, to be sublime; it was to be irreproachable.","work":"Les Misérables","author":"Victor Hugo","url":"/works/les-miserables/#les-miserables-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"les-miserables-q6","title":"Les Misérables","text":"To love, or to have loved,—this suffices. Demand nothing more.","work":"Les Misérables","author":"Victor Hugo","url":"/works/les-miserables/#les-miserables-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"les-miserables-q7","title":"Les Misérables","text":"He is a man who, to all appearances, has lost some person who is dear to him. People die of that.","work":"Les Misérables","author":"Victor Hugo","url":"/works/les-miserables/#les-miserables-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"les-miserables-q8","title":"Les Misérables","text":"So long as there shall exist, by virtue of law and custom, decrees of damnation pronounced by society, artificially creating hells amid the civilization of earth","work":"Les Misérables","author":"Victor Hugo","url":"/works/les-miserables/#les-miserables-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania-q1","title":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","text":"He certainly is not a wise man, who folds his arms and reposeth himself at home, seeing with unconcern the flames that have invaded his neighbour's house, without any endeavours to extinguish them.","work":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","author":"John Dickinson","url":"/works/letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania/#letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania-q2","title":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","text":"The cause of liberty is a cause of too much dignity, to be sullied by turbulence and tumult.","work":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","author":"John Dickinson","url":"/works/letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania/#letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania-q3","title":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","text":"Let us behave like dutiful children, who have received unmerited blows from a beloved parent.","work":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","author":"John Dickinson","url":"/works/letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania/#letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania-q4","title":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","text":"Those who are taxed without their own consent, given by themselves, or their representatives, are slaves.","work":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","author":"John Dickinson","url":"/works/letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania/#letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania-q5","title":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","text":"For who are a free people? not those over whom government is reasonably and equitably exercised","work":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","author":"John Dickinson","url":"/works/letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania/#letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania-q6","title":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","text":"A perpetual jealousy respecting liberty, is absolutely requisite in all free states.","work":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","author":"John Dickinson","url":"/works/letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania/#letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania-q7","title":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","text":"Some states have lost their liberty by particular accidents; but this calamity is generally owing to the decay of virtue.","work":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","author":"John Dickinson","url":"/works/letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania/#letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania-q8","title":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","text":"Let these truths be indelibly impressed on our minds--that we cannot be happy without being free--that we cannot be free without being secure in our property--that we cannot be secure in our property, if, without our consent, others may, as by right, take it away","work":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","author":"John Dickinson","url":"/works/letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania/#letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"letters-from-a-stoic-q1","title":"Letters from a Stoic","text":"Nothing, Lucilius, is ours, except time","work":"Letters from a Stoic","author":"Seneca","url":"/works/letters-from-a-stoic/#letters-from-a-stoic-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"leviathan-q1","title":"Leviathan","text":"For seeing life is but a motion of Limbs, the begining whereof is in some principall part within; why may we not say, that all Automata (Engines that move themselves by springs and wheeles as doth a watch) have an artificiall life","work":"Leviathan","author":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"/works/leviathan/#leviathan-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"leviathan-q2","title":"Leviathan","text":"For what is the Heart, but a Spring; and the Nerves, but so many Strings; and the Joynts, but so many Wheeles, giving motion to the whole Body","work":"Leviathan","author":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"/works/leviathan/#leviathan-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"leviathan-q3","title":"Leviathan","text":"Imagination therefore is nothing but Decaying Sense","work":"Leviathan","author":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"/works/leviathan/#leviathan-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"leviathan-q4","title":"Leviathan","text":"Dejection, subjects a man to causelesse fears; which is a Madnesse commonly called MELANCHOLY, apparent also in divers manners; as in haunting of solitudes, and graves; in superstitious behaviour; and in fearing some one, some another particular thing","work":"Leviathan","author":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"/works/leviathan/#leviathan-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"leviathan-q5","title":"Leviathan","text":"If some man in Bedlam should entertaine you with sober discourse; and you desire in taking leave, to know what he were, that you might another time requite his civility; and he should tell you, he were God the Father; I think you need expect no extravagant action for argument of his Madnesse","work":"Leviathan","author":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"/works/leviathan/#leviathan-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"leviathan-q6","title":"Leviathan","text":"For the effect of the wine, does but remove Dissimulation; and take from them the sight of the deformity of their Passions","work":"Leviathan","author":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"/works/leviathan/#leviathan-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"leviathan-q7","title":"Leviathan","text":"So that in the first place, I put for a generall inclination of all mankind, a perpetuall and restlesse desire of Power after power, that ceaseth onely in Death","work":"Leviathan","author":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"/works/leviathan/#leviathan-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"leviathan-q8","title":"Leviathan","text":"And this Feare of things invisible, is the naturall Seed of that, which every one in himself calleth Religion; and in them that worship, or feare that Power otherwise than they do, Superstition","work":"Leviathan","author":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"/works/leviathan/#leviathan-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"leviathan-q9","title":"Leviathan","text":"and which is worst of all, continuall feare, and danger of violent death; And the life of man, solitary, poore, nasty, brutish, and short","work":"Leviathan","author":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"/works/leviathan/#leviathan-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"leviathan-q10","title":"Leviathan","text":"Which Venime I will not doubt to compare to the biting of a mad Dogge, which is a disease the Physicians call Hydrophobia, or Fear Of Water","work":"Leviathan","author":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"/works/leviathan/#leviathan-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"leviathan-q11","title":"Leviathan","text":"And this is a Disease which not unfitly may be compared to the Epilepsie, or Falling-sicknesse (which the Jewes took to be one kind of possession by Spirits) in the Body Naturall","work":"Leviathan","author":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"/works/leviathan/#leviathan-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"leviathan-q12","title":"Leviathan","text":"the Blood in a Pleurisie, getting into the Membrane of the breast, breedeth there an Inflammation, accompanied with a Fever, and painfull stitches","work":"Leviathan","author":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"/works/leviathan/#leviathan-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"lex-rex-q1","title":"Lex, Rex","text":"Truth to Christ, cannot be treason to Caesar, and for his choise he judgeth truth to have a nearer relation to Christ Jesus, then the transcendent and boundlesse power of a mortall Prince.","work":"Lex, Rex","author":"Samuel Rutherford","url":"/works/lex-rex/#lex-rex-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"lex-rex-q2","title":"Lex, Rex","text":"All civill power is immediately from God in its root.","work":"Lex, Rex","author":"Samuel Rutherford","url":"/works/lex-rex/#lex-rex-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"lex-rex-q3","title":"Lex, Rex","text":"And if all Men be born equally free (as I hope to prove) there is no reason in Nature, why one Man should be King and Lord over another","work":"Lex, Rex","author":"Samuel Rutherford","url":"/works/lex-rex/#lex-rex-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"lex-rex-q4","title":"Lex, Rex","text":"The King hath no proper, masterly, or herile dominion over his subjects: his dominion is rather fiduciary and ministeriall, than masterly.","work":"Lex, Rex","author":"Samuel Rutherford","url":"/works/lex-rex/#lex-rex-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"lex-rex-q5","title":"Lex, Rex","text":"The King, as King, is a living, breathing, and speaking Law.","work":"Lex, Rex","author":"Samuel Rutherford","url":"/works/lex-rex/#lex-rex-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"lex-rex-q6","title":"Lex, Rex","text":"The Law hath a supremacy of constitution above the King","work":"Lex, Rex","author":"Samuel Rutherford","url":"/works/lex-rex/#lex-rex-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"lex-rex-q7","title":"Lex, Rex","text":"Resistance is in the Children of God an innocent act of self-preservation, as is patient suffering, and therefore they may well subsist in one.","work":"Lex, Rex","author":"Samuel Rutherford","url":"/works/lex-rex/#lex-rex-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"lex-rex-q8","title":"Lex, Rex","text":"Monarchy, de jure, that is, lawfull and limited Monarchy is best; even now in a Kingdome, under the fall of sin, if other circumstances be considered.","work":"Lex, Rex","author":"Samuel Rutherford","url":"/works/lex-rex/#lex-rex-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-of-st-martin-q1","title":"Life of St. Martin","text":"Taking, therefore, his sword with which he was girt, he divided his cloak into two equal parts, and gave one part to the poor man, while he again clothed himself with the remainder","work":"Life of St. Martin","author":"Sulpitius Severus; Alexander Roberts","url":"/works/life-of-st-martin/#life-of-st-martin-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-of-st-martin-q2","title":"Life of St. Martin","text":"Here he subsisted for some time on the roots of plants; and, while doing so, he took for food hellebore, which is, as people say, a poisonous kind of grass","work":"Life of St. Martin","author":"Sulpitius Severus; Alexander Roberts","url":"/works/life-of-st-martin/#life-of-st-martin-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-of-st-martin-q3","title":"Life of St. Martin","text":"But, after the lapse only of a few days, the catechumen, seized with a languor, began to suffer from a violent fever","work":"Life of St. Martin","author":"Sulpitius Severus; Alexander Roberts","url":"/works/life-of-st-martin/#life-of-st-martin-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-of-st-martin-q4","title":"Life of St. Martin","text":"O Lord, if I am still necessary to your people, I do not shrink from toil: your will be done","work":"Life of St. Martin","author":"Sulpitius Severus; Alexander Roberts","url":"/works/life-of-st-martin/#life-of-st-martin-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-on-the-mississippi-q1","title":"Life on the Mississippi","text":"These ambitions faded out, each in its turn; but the ambition to be a steamboatman always remained.","work":"Life on the Mississippi","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/life-on-the-mississippi/#life-on-the-mississippi-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-on-the-mississippi-q2","title":"Life on the Mississippi","text":"the great Mississippi, the majestic, the magnificent Mississippi, rolling its mile-wide tide along, shining in the sun","work":"Life on the Mississippi","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/life-on-the-mississippi/#life-on-the-mississippi-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-on-the-mississippi-q3","title":"Life on the Mississippi","text":"The face of the water, in time, became a wonderful book--a book that was a dead language to the uneducated passenger, but which told its mind to me without reserve","work":"Life on the Mississippi","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/life-on-the-mississippi/#life-on-the-mississippi-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-on-the-mississippi-q4","title":"Life on the Mississippi","text":"All the grace, the beauty, the poetry had gone out of the majestic river!","work":"Life on the Mississippi","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/life-on-the-mississippi/#life-on-the-mississippi-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-on-the-mississippi-q5","title":"Life on the Mississippi","text":"Does he ever see her beauty at all, or doesn't he simply view her professionally, and comment upon her unwholesome condition all to himself?","work":"Life on the Mississippi","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/life-on-the-mississippi/#life-on-the-mississippi-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-on-the-mississippi-q6","title":"Life on the Mississippi","text":"There is something fascinating about science. One gets such wholesale returns of conjecture out of such a trifling investment of fact.","work":"Life on the Mississippi","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/life-on-the-mississippi/#life-on-the-mississippi-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-on-the-mississippi-q7","title":"Life on the Mississippi","text":"His hour had struck; we bore him to the death-room, poor boy.","work":"Life on the Mississippi","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/life-on-the-mississippi/#life-on-the-mississippi-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-on-the-mississippi-q8","title":"Life on the Mississippi","text":"It was Sir Walter that made every gentleman in the South a Major or a Colonel, or a General or a Judge, before the war;","work":"Life on the Mississippi","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/life-on-the-mississippi/#life-on-the-mississippi-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"linder-v-united-states-q1","title":"Linder v. United States","text":"Obviously, direct control of medical practice in the states is beyond the power of the federal government.","work":"Linder v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/linder-v-united-states/#linder-v-united-states-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"linder-v-united-states-q2","title":"Linder v. United States","text":"They are diseased and proper subjects for such treatment, and we cannot possibly conclude that a physician acted improperly or unwisely or for other than medical purposes solely because he has dispensed to one of them in the ordinary course and in good faith, four small tablets of morphine or cocaine for relief of conditions incident to addiction.","work":"Linder v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/linder-v-united-states/#linder-v-united-states-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"linder-v-united-states-q3","title":"Linder v. United States","text":"What constitutes bona fide medical practice must be determined upon consideration of evidence and attending circumstances.","work":"Linder v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/linder-v-united-states/#linder-v-united-states-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"linder-v-united-states-q4","title":"Linder v. United States","text":"Mere pretense of such practice, of course, cannot legalize forbidden sales","work":"Linder v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/linder-v-united-states/#linder-v-united-states-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"linder-v-united-states-q5","title":"Linder v. United States","text":"The opinion cannot be accepted as authority for holding that a physician, who acts bona fide and according to fair medical standards, may never give an addict moderate amounts of drugs for self-administration in order to relieve conditions incident to addiction.","work":"Linder v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/linder-v-united-states/#linder-v-united-states-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"linder-v-united-states-q6","title":"Linder v. United States","text":"Federal power is delegated, and its prescribed limits must not be transcended even though the end seems desirable.","work":"Linder v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/linder-v-united-states/#linder-v-united-states-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"tintern-abbey-q1","title":"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey","text":"Five years have passed; five summers, with the length Of five long winters! and again I hear These waters, rolling from their mountain-springs With a sweet inland murmur.","work":"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey","author":"William Wordsworth","url":"/works/tintern-abbey/#tintern-abbey-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"tintern-abbey-q2","title":"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey","text":"that best portion of a good man’s life; His little, nameless, unremembered acts Of kindness and of love.","work":"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey","author":"William Wordsworth","url":"/works/tintern-abbey/#tintern-abbey-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"tintern-abbey-q3","title":"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey","text":"While with an eye made quiet by the power Of harmony, and the deep power of joy, We see into the life of things.","work":"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey","author":"William Wordsworth","url":"/works/tintern-abbey/#tintern-abbey-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"tintern-abbey-q4","title":"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey","text":"when the fretful stir Unprofitable, and the fever of the world, Have hung upon the beatings of my heart","work":"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey","author":"William Wordsworth","url":"/works/tintern-abbey/#tintern-abbey-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"tintern-abbey-q5","title":"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey","text":"The still, sad music of humanity, Not harsh nor grating, though of ample power To chasten and subdue.","work":"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey","author":"William Wordsworth","url":"/works/tintern-abbey/#tintern-abbey-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"tintern-abbey-q6","title":"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey","text":"And I have felt A presence that disturbs me with the joy Of elevated thoughts; a sense sublime Of something far more deeply interfused, Whose dwelling is the light of setting suns, And the round ocean, and the living air, And the blue sky, and in the mind of man, A motion and a spirit, that impels All thinking things, all objects of all thought, And rolls through all things.","work":"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey","author":"William Wordsworth","url":"/works/tintern-abbey/#tintern-abbey-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"tintern-abbey-q7","title":"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey","text":"Knowing that Nature never did betray The heart that loved her;","work":"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey","author":"William Wordsworth","url":"/works/tintern-abbey/#tintern-abbey-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"little-bear-q1","title":"Little Bear","text":"\"See,\" said Mother Bear, \"there is the fur coat.\"","work":"Little Bear","author":"Else Holmelund Minarik","url":"/works/little-bear/#little-bear-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"little-bear-q2","title":"Little Bear","text":"\"I wish that I could sit on a cloud and fly all around,\" said Little Bear.","work":"Little Bear","author":"Else Holmelund Minarik","url":"/works/little-bear/#little-bear-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"little-britches-q1","title":"Little Britches","text":"A man's character is like his house.","work":"Little Britches","author":"Ralph Moody","url":"/works/little-britches/#little-britches-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"little-house-in-the-big-woods-q1","title":"Little House in the Big Woods","text":"They could not be forgotten, she thought, because now is now. It can never be a long time ago.","work":"Little House in the Big Woods","author":"Laura Ingalls Wilder","url":"/works/little-house-in-the-big-woods/#little-house-in-the-big-woods-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"little-house-on-the-prairie-q1","title":"Little House on the Prairie","text":"They drove away and left it lonely and empty in the clearing among the big trees, and they never saw that little house again.","work":"Little House on the Prairie","author":"Laura Ingalls Wilder","url":"/works/little-house-on-the-prairie/#little-house-on-the-prairie-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"little-lord-fauntleroy-q1","title":"Little Lord Fauntleroy","text":"I'll have no grasping tyrants sittin' 'round on my cracker-barrels!","work":"Little Lord Fauntleroy","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/little-lord-fauntleroy/#little-lord-fauntleroy-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"little-lord-fauntleroy-q2","title":"Little Lord Fauntleroy","text":"But if I have to be an earl, there's one thing I can do: I can try to be a good one.","work":"Little Lord Fauntleroy","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/little-lord-fauntleroy/#little-lord-fauntleroy-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"little-lord-fauntleroy-q3","title":"Little Lord Fauntleroy","text":"But only be good, dear, only be brave, only be kind and true always, and then you will never hurt any one, so long as you live, and you may help many, and the big world may be better because my little child was born.","work":"Little Lord Fauntleroy","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/little-lord-fauntleroy/#little-lord-fauntleroy-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"little-lord-fauntleroy-q4","title":"Little Lord Fauntleroy","text":"when you are an earl, see to it that you are a better earl than I have been!","work":"Little Lord Fauntleroy","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/little-lord-fauntleroy/#little-lord-fauntleroy-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"little-lord-fauntleroy-q5","title":"Little Lord Fauntleroy","text":"He would have filled my place better than I have filled it. I know that. He would have been an honor to the name.","work":"Little Lord Fauntleroy","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/little-lord-fauntleroy/#little-lord-fauntleroy-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"little-lord-fauntleroy-q6","title":"Little Lord Fauntleroy","text":"It was really a very simple thing, after all,--it was only that he had lived near a kind and gentle heart, and had been taught to think kind thoughts always and to care for others.","work":"Little Lord Fauntleroy","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/little-lord-fauntleroy/#little-lord-fauntleroy-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"little-lord-fauntleroy-q7","title":"Little Lord Fauntleroy","text":"when I am an earl, I am going to try to be as good as my grandfather.","work":"Little Lord Fauntleroy","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/little-lord-fauntleroy/#little-lord-fauntleroy-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"little-women-q1","title":"Little Women","text":"Christmas won’t be Christmas without any presents","work":"Little Women","author":"Louisa May Alcott","url":"/works/little-women/#little-women-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"little-women-q2","title":"Little Women","text":"I’d rather see you poor men’s wives, if you were happy, beloved, contented, than queens on thrones, without self-respect and peace","work":"Little Women","author":"Louisa May Alcott","url":"/works/little-women/#little-women-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"little-women-q3","title":"Little Women","text":"I’m not afraid of storms, for I’m learning how to sail my ship","work":"Little Women","author":"Louisa May Alcott","url":"/works/little-women/#little-women-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"vasari-lives-of-the-artists-q1","title":"Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)","text":"the ravening maw of time has not only diminished by a great amount their own works and the honourable testimonies of others","work":"Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)","author":"Giorgio Vasari","url":"/works/vasari-lives-of-the-artists/#vasari-lives-of-the-artists-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"vasari-lives-of-the-artists-q2","title":"Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)","text":"they will now be able to recognize more easily the progress of her second birth and of that very perfection whereto she has risen again in our times.","work":"Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)","author":"Giorgio Vasari","url":"/works/vasari-lives-of-the-artists/#vasari-lives-of-the-artists-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"vasari-lives-of-the-artists-q3","title":"Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)","text":"he passed to the other life in the year 1300, having little less than resurrected painting.","work":"Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)","author":"Giorgio Vasari","url":"/works/vasari-lives-of-the-artists/#vasari-lives-of-the-artists-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"vasari-lives-of-the-artists-q4","title":"Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)","text":"by the gift of God revived that art, which had come to a grievous pass, and brought it to such a form as could be called good.","work":"Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)","author":"Giorgio Vasari","url":"/works/vasari-lives-of-the-artists/#vasari-lives-of-the-artists-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"vasari-lives-of-the-artists-q5","title":"Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)","text":"portraying a sheep from nature on a flat and polished slab, with a stone slightly pointed","work":"Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)","author":"Giorgio Vasari","url":"/works/vasari-lives-of-the-artists/#vasari-lives-of-the-artists-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"vasari-lives-of-the-artists-q6","title":"Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)","text":"with a turn of the hand he made a circle, so true in proportion and circumference that to behold it was a marvel.","work":"Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)","author":"Giorgio Vasari","url":"/works/vasari-lives-of-the-artists/#vasari-lives-of-the-artists-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"vasari-lives-of-the-artists-q7","title":"Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)","text":"painted a fly on the nose of a figure that Cimabue himself had made, so true to nature that his master, returning to continue the work, set himself more than once to drive it away with his hand","work":"Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)","author":"Giorgio Vasari","url":"/works/vasari-lives-of-the-artists/#vasari-lives-of-the-artists-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"plutarch-lives-q1","title":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","text":"the most glorious exploits do not always furnish us with the clearest discoveries of virtue or vice in men; sometimes a matter of less moment, an expression or a jest, informs us better of their characters and inclinations, than the most famous sieges, the greatest armaments, or the bloodiest battles whatsoever","work":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-lives/#plutarch-lives-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"plutarch-lives-q2","title":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","text":"Strike if you will, but hear","work":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-lives/#plutarch-lives-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"plutarch-lives-q3","title":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","text":"The city is well fortified which hath a wall of men instead of brick","work":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-lives/#plutarch-lives-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"plutarch-lives-q4","title":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","text":"I would,\" said he, \"much rather be asked, why I have not one, than why I have one","work":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-lives/#plutarch-lives-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"plutarch-lives-q5","title":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","text":"Also, Carthage, methinks, ought utterly to be destroyed","work":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-lives/#plutarch-lives-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"plutarch-lives-q6","title":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","text":"For my part, I had rather be the first man among these fellows, than the second man in Rome","work":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-lives/#plutarch-lives-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"plutarch-lives-q7","title":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","text":"The die is cast","work":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-lives/#plutarch-lives-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"plutarch-lives-q8","title":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","text":"I came, saw, and conquered","work":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-lives/#plutarch-lives-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"plutarch-lives-q9","title":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","text":"more worshiped the rising than the setting sun","work":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-lives/#plutarch-lives-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"plutarch-lives-q10","title":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","text":"his inarticulate and stammering pronunciation he overcame and rendered more distinct by speaking with pebbles in his mouth","work":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-lives/#plutarch-lives-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"plutarch-lives-q11","title":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","text":"The ship wherein Theseus and the youth of Athens returned had thirty oars","work":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-lives/#plutarch-lives-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"plutarch-lives-q12","title":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","text":"But Cleopatra was busied in making a collection of all varieties of poisonous drugs, and, in order to see which of them were the least painful in the operation, she had them tried upon prisoners condemned to die","work":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-lives/#plutarch-lives-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"lochner-v-new-york-q1","title":"Lochner v. New York","text":"It is a question of which of two powers or rights shall prevail—the power of the State to legislate or the right of the individual to liberty of person and freedom of contract.","work":"Lochner v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lochner-v-new-york/#lochner-v-new-york-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"lochner-v-new-york-q2","title":"Lochner v. New York","text":"We think that there can be no fair doubt that the trade of a baker, in and of itself, is not an unhealthy one to that degree which would authorize the legislature to interfere with the right to labor, and with the right of free contract on the part of the individual, either as employer or employé.","work":"Lochner v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lochner-v-new-york/#lochner-v-new-york-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"lochner-v-new-york-q3","title":"Lochner v. New York","text":"Statutes of the nature of that under review, limiting the hours in which grown and intelligent men may labor to earn their living, are mere meddlesome interferences with the rights of the individual","work":"Lochner v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lochner-v-new-york/#lochner-v-new-york-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"lochner-v-new-york-q4","title":"Lochner v. New York","text":"If there be doubt as to the validity of the statute, that doubt must therefore be resolved in favor of its validity, and the courts must keep their hands off, leaving the legislature to meet the responsibility for unwise legislation.","work":"Lochner v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lochner-v-new-york/#lochner-v-new-york-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"lochner-v-new-york-q5","title":"Lochner v. New York","text":"The Fourteenth Amendment does not enact Mr. Herbert Spencer's Social Statics.","work":"Lochner v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lochner-v-new-york/#lochner-v-new-york-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"lochner-v-new-york-q6","title":"Lochner v. New York","text":"General propositions do not decide concrete cases. The decision will depend on a judgment or intuition more subtle than any articulate major premise.","work":"Lochner v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lochner-v-new-york/#lochner-v-new-york-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"lord-jim-q1","title":"Lord Jim","text":"He was an inch, perhaps two, under six feet, powerfully built, and he advanced straight at you with a slight stoop of the shoulders, head forward, and a fixed from-under stare which made you think of a charging bull","work":"Lord Jim","author":"Joseph Conrad","url":"/works/lord-jim/#lord-jim-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"lord-jim-q2","title":"Lord Jim","text":"He was ‘one of us","work":"Lord Jim","author":"Joseph Conrad","url":"/works/lord-jim/#lord-jim-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"lord-jim-q3","title":"Lord Jim","text":"In the destructive element immerse","work":"Lord Jim","author":"Joseph Conrad","url":"/works/lord-jim/#lord-jim-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"lord-jim-q4","title":"Lord Jim","text":"He passes away under a cloud, inscrutable at heart, forgotten, unforgiven, and excessively romantic","work":"Lord Jim","author":"Joseph Conrad","url":"/works/lord-jim/#lord-jim-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"lord-of-the-flies-q1","title":"Lord of the Flies","text":"maybe it's only us","work":"Lord of the Flies","author":"William Golding","url":"/works/lord-of-the-flies/#lord-of-the-flies-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"lord-of-the-flies-q2","title":"Lord of the Flies","text":"Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of man's heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy.","work":"Lord of the Flies","author":"William Golding","url":"/works/lord-of-the-flies/#lord-of-the-flies-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"love-and-freindship-q1","title":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","text":"My Father was a native of Ireland and an inhabitant of Wales; my Mother was the natural Daughter of a Scotch Peer by an italian Opera-girl—I was born in Spain and received my Education at a Convent in France.","work":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/love-and-freindship/#love-and-freindship-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"love-and-freindship-q2","title":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","text":"A sensibility too tremblingly alive to every affliction of my Freinds, my Acquaintance and particularly to every affliction of my own, was my only fault, if a fault it could be called.","work":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/love-and-freindship/#love-and-freindship-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"love-and-freindship-q3","title":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","text":"No! Never shall it be said that I obliged my Father.","work":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/love-and-freindship/#love-and-freindship-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"love-and-freindship-q4","title":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","text":"It was too pathetic for the feelings of Sophia and myself—We fainted alternately on a sofa.","work":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/love-and-freindship/#love-and-freindship-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"love-and-freindship-q5","title":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","text":"Run mad as often as you chuse; but do not faint—","work":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/love-and-freindship/#love-and-freindship-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"love-and-freindship-q6","title":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","text":"BY A PARTIAL, PREJUDICED, AND IGNORANT HISTORIAN.","work":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/love-and-freindship/#love-and-freindship-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"love-and-freindship-q7","title":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","text":"N.B. There will be very few Dates in this History.","work":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/love-and-freindship/#love-and-freindship-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"love-and-freindship-q8","title":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","text":"I murdered my father at a very early period of my Life, I have since murdered my Mother, and I am now going to murder my Sister.","work":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/love-and-freindship/#love-and-freindship-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"lowe-v-sec-q1","title":"Lowe v. SEC","text":"The Act was designed to apply to those persons engaged in the investment-advisory profession—those who provide personalized advice attuned to a client's concerns, whether by written or verbal communication.","work":"Lowe v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lowe-v-sec/#lowe-v-sec-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"lowe-v-sec-q2","title":"Lowe v. SEC","text":"The mere fact that a publication contains advice and comment about specific securities does not give it the personalized character that identifies a professional investment adviser.","work":"Lowe v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lowe-v-sec/#lowe-v-sec-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"lowe-v-sec-q3","title":"Lowe v. SEC","text":"On the contrary, they circulate for sale to the public at large in a free, open market—a public forum in which typically anyone may express his views.","work":"Lowe v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lowe-v-sec/#lowe-v-sec-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"lowe-v-sec-q4","title":"Lowe v. SEC","text":"Notably, however, those words describe the publication rather than the character of the publisher; hence Lowe's unsavory history does not prevent his newsletters from being \"bona fide.\"","work":"Lowe v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lowe-v-sec/#lowe-v-sec-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"lowe-v-sec-q5","title":"Lowe v. SEC","text":"In my view, petitioner is an investment adviser subject to regulation and sanction under the Act. I concur in the judgment, however, because to prevent petitioner from publishing at all is inconsistent with the First Amendment.","work":"Lowe v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lowe-v-sec/#lowe-v-sec-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"lowe-v-sec-q6","title":"Lowe v. SEC","text":"The courts should not lightly take it upon themselves to state that the path chosen by Congress is an impermissible one; but neither are the courts free to redraft statutory schemes in ways not anticipated by Congress solely to avoid constitutional difficulties.","work":"Lowe v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lowe-v-sec/#lowe-v-sec-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"macbeth-q1","title":"Macbeth","text":"Fair is foul, and foul is fair","work":"Macbeth","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/macbeth/#macbeth-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"macbeth-q2","title":"Macbeth","text":"Is this a dagger which I see before me, The handle toward my hand","work":"Macbeth","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/macbeth/#macbeth-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"macbeth-q3","title":"Macbeth","text":"Sleep that knits up the ravell’d sleave of care, The death of each day’s life, sore labour’s bath, Balm of hurt minds, great nature’s second course, Chief nourisher in life’s feast","work":"Macbeth","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/macbeth/#macbeth-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"macbeth-q4","title":"Macbeth","text":"Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand","work":"Macbeth","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/macbeth/#macbeth-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"macbeth-q5","title":"Macbeth","text":"it provokes the desire, but it takes away the performance","work":"Macbeth","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/macbeth/#macbeth-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"macbeth-q6","title":"Macbeth","text":"I am in blood Stepp’d in so far that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go o’er","work":"Macbeth","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/macbeth/#macbeth-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"macbeth-q7","title":"Macbeth","text":"Out, damned spot! out, I say","work":"Macbeth","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/macbeth/#macbeth-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"macbeth-q8","title":"Macbeth","text":"Unnatural deeds Do breed unnatural troubles: infected minds To their deaf pillows will discharge their secrets. More needs she the divine than the physician","work":"Macbeth","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/macbeth/#macbeth-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"macbeth-q9","title":"Macbeth","text":"Canst thou not minister to a mind diseased, / Pluck from the memory a rooted sorrow, / Raze out the written troubles of the brain, / And with some sweet oblivious antidote / Cleanse the stuff'd bosom of that perilous stuff / Which weighs upon the heart?","work":"Macbeth","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/macbeth/#macbeth-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"macbeth-q10","title":"Macbeth","text":"Throw physic to the dogs, I’ll none of it","work":"Macbeth","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/macbeth/#macbeth-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"macbeth-q11","title":"Macbeth","text":"Life’s but a walking shadow; a poor player, That struts and frets his hour upon the stage, And then is heard no more: it is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing","work":"Macbeth","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/macbeth/#macbeth-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"magna-carta-q1","title":"Magna Carta","text":"the English church shall be free, and shall have her rights entire, and her liberties inviolate","work":"Magna Carta","author":"King John and the barons of England","url":"/works/magna-carta/#magna-carta-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"magna-carta-q2","title":"Magna Carta","text":"No scutage nor aid shall be imposed on our kingdom, unless by common counsel of our kingdom","work":"Magna Carta","author":"King John and the barons of England","url":"/works/magna-carta/#magna-carta-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"magna-carta-q3","title":"Magna Carta","text":"No freeman shall be taken or imprisoned or disseised or exiled or in anyway destroyed, nor will we go upon him nor send upon him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.","work":"Magna Carta","author":"King John and the barons of England","url":"/works/magna-carta/#magna-carta-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"magna-carta-q4","title":"Magna Carta","text":"To no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay, right or justice.","work":"Magna Carta","author":"King John and the barons of England","url":"/works/magna-carta/#magna-carta-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"magna-carta-q5","title":"Magna Carta","text":"We will appoint as justices, constables, sheriffs, or bailiffs only such as know the law of the realm and mean to observe it well.","work":"Magna Carta","author":"King John and the barons of England","url":"/works/magna-carta/#magna-carta-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"make-way-for-ducklings-q1","title":"Make Way for Ducklings","text":"Mr. and Mrs. Mallard were looking for a place to live. But every time Mr. Mallard saw what looked like a nice place, Mrs. Mallard said it was no good.","work":"Make Way for Ducklings","author":"Robert McCloskey","url":"/works/make-way-for-ducklings/#make-way-for-ducklings-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"make-way-for-ducklings-q2","title":"Make Way for Ducklings","text":"she was so proud she tipped her nose in the air and walked along with an extra swing in her waddle.","work":"Make Way for Ducklings","author":"Robert McCloskey","url":"/works/make-way-for-ducklings/#make-way-for-ducklings-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"mans-search-for-meaning-q1","title":"Man's Search for Meaning","text":"Everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of the human freedoms—to choose one's attitude in any given set of circumstances, to choose one's own way.","work":"Man's Search for Meaning","author":"Viktor E. Frankl","url":"/works/mans-search-for-meaning/#mans-search-for-meaning-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"mans-search-for-meaning-q2","title":"Man's Search for Meaning","text":"The salvation of man is through love and in love.","work":"Man's Search for Meaning","author":"Viktor E. Frankl","url":"/works/mans-search-for-meaning/#mans-search-for-meaning-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"mansfield-park-q1","title":"Mansfield Park","text":"About thirty years ago Miss Maria Ward, of Huntingdon, with only seven thousand pounds, had the good luck to captivate Sir Thomas Bertram, of Mansfield Park, in the county of Northampton, and to be thereby raised to the rank of a baronet’s lady","work":"Mansfield Park","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/mansfield-park/#mansfield-park-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"mansfield-park-q2","title":"Mansfield Park","text":"If any one faculty of our nature may be called _more_ wonderful than the rest, I do think it is memory","work":"Mansfield Park","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/mansfield-park/#mansfield-park-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"mansfield-park-q3","title":"Mansfield Park","text":"We have all a better guide in ourselves, if we would attend to it, than any other person can have.","work":"Mansfield Park","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/mansfield-park/#mansfield-park-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"mansfield-park-q4","title":"Mansfield Park","text":"Let other pens dwell on guilt and misery","work":"Mansfield Park","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/mansfield-park/#mansfield-park-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"mapp-v-ohio-q1","title":"Mapp v. Ohio","text":"The criminal goes free, if he must, but it is the law that sets him free.","work":"Mapp v. Ohio","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mapp-v-ohio/#mapp-v-ohio-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"mapp-v-ohio-q2","title":"Mapp v. Ohio","text":"Nothing can destroy a government more quickly than its failure to observe its own laws, or worse, its disregard of the charter of its own existence.","work":"Mapp v. Ohio","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mapp-v-ohio/#mapp-v-ohio-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"mapp-v-ohio-q3","title":"Mapp v. Ohio","text":"There is no war between the Constitution and common sense.","work":"Mapp v. Ohio","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mapp-v-ohio/#mapp-v-ohio-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"mapp-v-ohio-q4","title":"Mapp v. Ohio","text":"Our decision, founded on reason and truth, gives to the individual no more than that which the Constitution guarantees him, to the police officer no less than that to which honest law enforcement is entitled, and, to the courts, that judicial integrity so necessary in the true administration of justice.","work":"Mapp v. Ohio","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mapp-v-ohio/#mapp-v-ohio-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"mapp-v-ohio-q5","title":"Mapp v. Ohio","text":"In overruling the Wolf case, the Court, in my opinion, has forgotten the sense of judicial restraint which, with due regard for stare decisis, is one element that should enter into deciding whether a past decision of this Court should be overruled.","work":"Mapp v. Ohio","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mapp-v-ohio/#mapp-v-ohio-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"mapp-v-ohio-q6","title":"Mapp v. Ohio","text":"The preservation of a proper balance between state and federal responsibility in the administration of criminal justice demands patience on the part of those who might like to see things move faster among the States in this respect.","work":"Mapp v. Ohio","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mapp-v-ohio/#mapp-v-ohio-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"marbury-v-madison-q1","title":"Marbury v. Madison","text":"It is emphatically the province and duty of the Judicial Department to say what the law is.","work":"Marbury v. Madison","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/marbury-v-madison/#marbury-v-madison-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"marbury-v-madison-q2","title":"Marbury v. Madison","text":"The very essence of civil liberty certainly consists in the right of every individual to claim the protection of the laws whenever he receives an injury.","work":"Marbury v. Madison","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/marbury-v-madison/#marbury-v-madison-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"marbury-v-madison-q3","title":"Marbury v. Madison","text":"The Government of the United States has been emphatically termed a government of laws, and not of men.","work":"Marbury v. Madison","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/marbury-v-madison/#marbury-v-madison-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"marbury-v-madison-q4","title":"Marbury v. Madison","text":"Questions, in their nature political or which are, by the Constitution and laws, submitted to the Executive, can never be made in this court.","work":"Marbury v. Madison","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/marbury-v-madison/#marbury-v-madison-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"marbury-v-madison-q5","title":"Marbury v. Madison","text":"Between these alternatives there is no middle ground. The Constitution is either a superior, paramount law, unchangeable by ordinary means, or it is on a level with ordinary legislative acts, and, like other acts, is alterable when the legislature shall please to alter it.","work":"Marbury v. Madison","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/marbury-v-madison/#marbury-v-madison-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"marbury-v-madison-q6","title":"Marbury v. Madison","text":"To withhold the commission, therefore, is an act deemed by the Court not warranted by law, but violative of a vested legal right.","work":"Marbury v. Madison","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/marbury-v-madison/#marbury-v-madison-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"friends-romans-countrymen-q1","title":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","text":"Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears; I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do lives after them, The good is oft interred with their bones;","work":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/friends-romans-countrymen/#friends-romans-countrymen-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"friends-romans-countrymen-q2","title":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","text":"For Brutus is an honourable man, So are they all, all honourable men,","work":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/friends-romans-countrymen/#friends-romans-countrymen-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"friends-romans-countrymen-q3","title":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","text":"When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept; Ambition should be made of sterner stuff:","work":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/friends-romans-countrymen/#friends-romans-countrymen-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"friends-romans-countrymen-q4","title":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","text":"O judgement, thou art fled to brutish beasts, And men have lost their reason. Bear with me. My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, And I must pause till it come back to me.","work":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/friends-romans-countrymen/#friends-romans-countrymen-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"friends-romans-countrymen-q5","title":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","text":"If you have tears, prepare to shed them now.","work":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/friends-romans-countrymen/#friends-romans-countrymen-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"friends-romans-countrymen-q6","title":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","text":"This was the most unkindest cut of all;","work":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/friends-romans-countrymen/#friends-romans-countrymen-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"friends-romans-countrymen-q7","title":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","text":"I am no orator, as Brutus is; But, as you know me all, a plain blunt man,","work":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/friends-romans-countrymen/#friends-romans-countrymen-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"friends-romans-countrymen-q8","title":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","text":"Now let it work. Mischief, thou art afoot, Take thou what course thou wilt!","work":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/friends-romans-countrymen/#friends-romans-countrymen-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"mcculloch-v-maryland-q1","title":"McCulloch v. Maryland","text":"In considering this question, then, we must never forget that it is a Constitution we are expounding.","work":"McCulloch v. Maryland","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mcculloch-v-maryland/#mcculloch-v-maryland-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"mcculloch-v-maryland-q2","title":"McCulloch v. Maryland","text":"Let the end be legitimate, let it be within the scope of the Constitution, and all means which are appropriate, which are plainly adapted to that end, which are not prohibited, but consist with the letter and spirit of the Constitution, are Constitutional.","work":"McCulloch v. Maryland","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mcculloch-v-maryland/#mcculloch-v-maryland-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"mcculloch-v-maryland-q3","title":"McCulloch v. Maryland","text":"That the power to tax involves the power to destroy; that the power to destroy may defeat and render useless the power to create","work":"McCulloch v. Maryland","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mcculloch-v-maryland/#mcculloch-v-maryland-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"mcculloch-v-maryland-q4","title":"McCulloch v. Maryland","text":"the Government of the Union, though limited in its powers, is supreme within its sphere of action.","work":"McCulloch v. Maryland","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mcculloch-v-maryland/#mcculloch-v-maryland-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"mcculloch-v-maryland-q5","title":"McCulloch v. Maryland","text":"In discussing this question, the counsel for the State of Maryland have deemed it of some importance, in the construction of the Constitution, to consider that instrument not as emanating from the people, but as the act of sovereign and independent States.","work":"McCulloch v. Maryland","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mcculloch-v-maryland/#mcculloch-v-maryland-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"mcculloch-v-maryland-q6","title":"McCulloch v. Maryland","text":"This provision is made in a Constitution intended to endure for ages to come, and consequently to be adapted to the various crises of human affairs.","work":"McCulloch v. Maryland","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mcculloch-v-maryland/#mcculloch-v-maryland-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"medea-and-other-plays-q1","title":"Medea and Other Plays","text":"Of all things upon earth that bleed and grow, A herb most bruised is woman","work":"Medea and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/medea-and-other-plays/#medea-and-other-plays-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"medea-and-other-plays-q2","title":"Medea and Other Plays","text":"Sooner would I stand Three times to face their battles, shield in hand, Than bear one child","work":"Medea and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/medea-and-other-plays/#medea-and-other-plays-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"meditations-q1","title":"Meditations","text":"Begin the morning by saying to thyself, I shall meet with the busy-body, the ungrateful, arrogant, deceitful, envious, unsocial.","work":"Meditations","author":"Marcus Aurelius","url":"/works/meditations/#meditations-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"meditations-q2","title":"Meditations","text":"Of human life the time is a point, and the substance is in a flux, and the perception dull","work":"Meditations","author":"Marcus Aurelius","url":"/works/meditations/#meditations-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"meditations-q3","title":"Meditations","text":"Hippocrates after curing many diseases himself fell sick and died.","work":"Meditations","author":"Marcus Aurelius","url":"/works/meditations/#meditations-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"meditations-q4","title":"Meditations","text":"The universe is transformation: life is opinion.","work":"Meditations","author":"Marcus Aurelius","url":"/works/meditations/#meditations-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"meditations-q5","title":"Meditations","text":"Take away thy opinion, and then there is taken away the complaint, 'I have been harmed.' Take away the complaint, 'I have been harmed,' and the harm is taken away.","work":"Meditations","author":"Marcus Aurelius","url":"/works/meditations/#meditations-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"meditations-q6","title":"Meditations","text":"Think continually how many physicians are dead after often contracting their eyebrows over the sick","work":"Meditations","author":"Marcus Aurelius","url":"/works/meditations/#meditations-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"meditations-q7","title":"Meditations","text":"In the morning when thou risest unwillingly, let this thought be present—I am rising to the work of a human being.","work":"Meditations","author":"Marcus Aurelius","url":"/works/meditations/#meditations-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"meditations-q8","title":"Meditations","text":"If thou art pained by any external thing, it is not this thing that disturbs thee, but thy own judgement about it.","work":"Meditations","author":"Marcus Aurelius","url":"/works/meditations/#meditations-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"shermans-memoirs-q1","title":"Memoirs","text":"I wish my friends and enemies to understand that I disclaim the character of historian, but assume to be a witness on the stand before the great tribunal of history","work":"Memoirs","author":"William Tecumseh Sherman","url":"/works/shermans-memoirs/#shermans-memoirs-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"shermans-memoirs-q2","title":"Memoirs","text":"There was no positive order to retreat, although for an hour it had been going on by the operation of the men themselves","work":"Memoirs","author":"William Tecumseh Sherman","url":"/works/shermans-memoirs/#shermans-memoirs-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"shermans-memoirs-q3","title":"Memoirs","text":"the report that I was \"crazy, insane, and mad,\" that \"I had demanded two hundred thousand men for the defense of Kentucky","work":"Memoirs","author":"William Tecumseh Sherman","url":"/works/shermans-memoirs/#shermans-memoirs-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"shermans-memoirs-q4","title":"Memoirs","text":"Before the battle of Shiloh, I had been cast down by a mere newspaper assertion of \"crazy;\" but that single battle had given me new life, and now I was in high feather","work":"Memoirs","author":"William Tecumseh Sherman","url":"/works/shermans-memoirs/#shermans-memoirs-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"shermans-memoirs-q5","title":"Memoirs","text":"They worked day and night, and did not rest till all the wounded of our own troops as well as of the enemy were in safe and comfortable shelter","work":"Memoirs","author":"William Tecumseh Sherman","url":"/works/shermans-memoirs/#shermans-memoirs-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"shermans-memoirs-q6","title":"Memoirs","text":"This is waste, but is the natural consequence of war, chargeable on those who caused the war","work":"Memoirs","author":"William Tecumseh Sherman","url":"/works/shermans-memoirs/#shermans-memoirs-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"shermans-memoirs-q7","title":"Memoirs","text":"generally war is destruction and nothing else","work":"Memoirs","author":"William Tecumseh Sherman","url":"/works/shermans-memoirs/#shermans-memoirs-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"shermans-memoirs-q8","title":"Memoirs","text":"We accepted the issue, and now they begin to realize that war is a two-edged sword, and it may be that many of the inhabitants cry for peace","work":"Memoirs","author":"William Tecumseh Sherman","url":"/works/shermans-memoirs/#shermans-memoirs-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"shermans-memoirs-q9","title":"Memoirs","text":"In accepting war, it should be \"pure and simple\" as applied to the belligerents","work":"Memoirs","author":"William Tecumseh Sherman","url":"/works/shermans-memoirs/#shermans-memoirs-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"shermans-memoirs-q10","title":"Memoirs","text":"I could not help reproaching myself for having consented to his visit in that sickly region in the summer-time","work":"Memoirs","author":"William Tecumseh Sherman","url":"/works/shermans-memoirs/#shermans-memoirs-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"shermans-memoirs-q11","title":"Memoirs","text":"Being in the very midst of an important military enterprise, I had hardly time to pause and think of my personal loss","work":"Memoirs","author":"William Tecumseh Sherman","url":"/works/shermans-memoirs/#shermans-memoirs-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"shermans-memoirs-q12","title":"Memoirs","text":"The child that bore my name, and in whose future I reposed with more confidence than I did in my own plan of life, now floats a mere corpse, seeking a grave in a distant land, with a weeping mother, brother, and sisters, clustered about him","work":"Memoirs","author":"William Tecumseh Sherman","url":"/works/shermans-memoirs/#shermans-memoirs-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs-q1","title":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","text":"Between us were mutual bonds of amity and friendship.","work":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","author":"Usama ibn Munqidh","url":"/works/usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs/#usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs-q2","title":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","text":"To the knight I applied a small poultice until the abscess opened and became well; and the woman I put on diet and made her humor wet.","work":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","author":"Usama ibn Munqidh","url":"/works/usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs/#usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs-q3","title":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","text":"Which wouldst thou prefer, living with one leg or dying with two?","work":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","author":"Usama ibn Munqidh","url":"/works/usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs/#usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs-q4","title":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","text":"I have, however, witnessed a case of their medicine which was quite different from that.","work":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","author":"Usama ibn Munqidh","url":"/works/usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs/#usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs-q5","title":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","text":"Everyone who is a fresh emigrant from the Frankish lands is ruder in character than those who have become acclimatized and have held long association with the Moslems.","work":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","author":"Usama ibn Munqidh","url":"/works/usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs/#usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs-q6","title":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","text":"Their loss has left a heartsore that will stay with me to the last day of my life.","work":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","author":"Usama ibn Munqidh","url":"/works/usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs/#usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs-q7","title":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","text":"to be exposed to dangers of wars does not diminish the period of life inscribed beforehand.","work":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","author":"Usama ibn Munqidh","url":"/works/usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs/#usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs-q8","title":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","text":"How mysterious are the deeds of the Almighty, who afflicts with disease and gives the cure!","work":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","author":"Usama ibn Munqidh","url":"/works/usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs/#usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-meno-q1","title":"Meno","text":"Can you tell me, Socrates, whether virtue is acquired by teaching or by practice; or if neither by teaching nor by practice, then whether it comes to man by nature, or in what other way?","work":"Meno","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-meno/#plato-meno-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-meno-q2","title":"Meno","text":"When I ask you for one virtue, you present me with a swarm of them","work":"Meno","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-meno/#plato-meno-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-meno-q3","title":"Meno","text":"you seem to me both in your appearance and in your power over others to be very like the flat torpedo fish, who torpifies those who come near him and touch him","work":"Meno","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-meno/#plato-meno-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-meno-q4","title":"Meno","text":"You argue that a man cannot enquire either about that which he knows, or about that which he does not know; for if he knows, he has no need to enquire; and if not, he cannot; for he does not know the very subject about which he is to enquire","work":"Meno","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-meno/#plato-meno-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-meno-q5","title":"Meno","text":"for all enquiry and all learning is but recollection","work":"Meno","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-meno/#plato-meno-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-meno-q6","title":"Meno","text":"that we shall be better and braver and less helpless if we think that we ought to enquire, than we should have been if we indulged in the idle fancy that there was no knowing and no use in seeking to know what we do not know","work":"Meno","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-meno/#plato-meno-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-meno-q7","title":"Meno","text":"And this is why knowledge is more honourable and excellent than true opinion, because fastened by a chain.","work":"Meno","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-meno/#plato-meno-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-meno-q8","title":"Meno","text":"Then, Meno, the conclusion is that virtue comes to the virtuous by the gift of God.","work":"Meno","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-meno/#plato-meno-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"mental-maladies-q1","title":"Mental Maladies","text":"Insanity, or mental alienation, is a cerebral affection, ordinarily chronic, and without fever ; characterized by disorders of sensibility, understanding, in- telligence, and will","work":"Mental Maladies","author":"Jean-Etienne Dominique Esquirol","url":"/works/mental-maladies/#mental-maladies-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"mere-christianity-q1","title":"Mere Christianity","text":"A man who was merely a man and said the sort of things Jesus said would not be a great moral teacher.","work":"Mere Christianity","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/mere-christianity/#mere-christianity-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"mere-christianity-q2","title":"Mere Christianity","text":"If I find in myself a desire which no experience in this world can satisfy, the most probable explanation is that I was made for another world.","work":"Mere Christianity","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/mere-christianity/#mere-christianity-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"metamorphoses-q1","title":"Metamorphoses","text":"Of shapes transformde to bodies straunge, I purpose to entreate","work":"Metamorphoses","author":"Ovid","url":"/works/metamorphoses/#metamorphoses-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"meyer-v-nebraska-q1","title":"Meyer v. Nebraska","text":"Without doubt, it denotes not merely freedom from bodily restraint, but also the right of the individual to contract, to engage in any of the common occupations of life, to acquire useful knowledge, to marry, establish a home and bring up children, to worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience, and generally to enjoy those privileges long recognized at common law as essential to the orderly pursuit of happiness by free men.","work":"Meyer v. Nebraska","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/meyer-v-nebraska/#meyer-v-nebraska-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"meyer-v-nebraska-q2","title":"Meyer v. Nebraska","text":"Corresponding to the right of control, it is the natural duty of the parent to give his children education suitable to their station in life, and nearly all the States, including Nebraska, enforce this obligation by compulsory laws.","work":"Meyer v. Nebraska","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/meyer-v-nebraska/#meyer-v-nebraska-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"meyer-v-nebraska-q3","title":"Meyer v. Nebraska","text":"Mere knowledge of the German language cannot reasonably be regarded as harmful.","work":"Meyer v. Nebraska","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/meyer-v-nebraska/#meyer-v-nebraska-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"meyer-v-nebraska-q4","title":"Meyer v. Nebraska","text":"The protection of the Constitution extends to all, to those who speak other languages as well as to those born with English on the tongue.","work":"Meyer v. Nebraska","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/meyer-v-nebraska/#meyer-v-nebraska-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"meyer-v-nebraska-q5","title":"Meyer v. Nebraska","text":"Perhaps it would be highly advantageous if all had ready understanding of our ordinary speech, but this cannot be coerced by methods which conflict with the Constitution — a desirable end cannot be promoted by prohibited means.","work":"Meyer v. Nebraska","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/meyer-v-nebraska/#meyer-v-nebraska-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"meyer-v-nebraska-q6","title":"Meyer v. Nebraska","text":"The power of the State to compel attendance at some school and to make reasonable regulations for all schools, including a requirement that they shall give instructions in English, is not questioned.","work":"Meyer v. Nebraska","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/meyer-v-nebraska/#meyer-v-nebraska-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"middlemarch-q1","title":"Middlemarch","text":"Here and there is born a Saint Theresa, foundress of nothing, whose loving heart-beats and sobs after an unattained goodness tremble off and are dispersed among hindrances, instead of centring in some long-recognizable deed.","work":"Middlemarch","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/middlemarch/#middlemarch-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"middlemarch-q2","title":"Middlemarch","text":"He meant to be a unit who would make a certain amount of difference towards that spreading change which would one day tell appreciably upon the averages","work":"Middlemarch","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/middlemarch/#middlemarch-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"middlemarch-q3","title":"Middlemarch","text":"If we had a keen vision and feeling of all ordinary human life, it would be like hearing the grass grow and the squirrel’s heart beat, and we should die of that roar which lies on the other side of silence.","work":"Middlemarch","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/middlemarch/#middlemarch-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"middlemarch-q4","title":"Middlemarch","text":"We are all of us born in moral stupidity, taking the world as an udder to feed our supreme selves","work":"Middlemarch","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/middlemarch/#middlemarch-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"middlemarch-q5","title":"Middlemarch","text":"These things are a parable. The scratches are events, and the candle is the egoism of any person now absent","work":"Middlemarch","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/middlemarch/#middlemarch-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"middlemarch-q6","title":"Middlemarch","text":"he had once or twice tried a dose of opium. But he had no hereditary constitutional craving after such transient escapes from the hauntings of misery.","work":"Middlemarch","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/middlemarch/#middlemarch-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"middlemarch-q7","title":"Middlemarch","text":"What do we live for, if it is not to make life less difficult to each other?","work":"Middlemarch","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/middlemarch/#middlemarch-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"middlemarch-q8","title":"Middlemarch","text":"for the growing good of the world is partly dependent on unhistoric acts; and that things are not so ill with you and me as they might have been, is half owing to the number who lived faithfully a hidden life, and rest in unvisited tombs.","work":"Middlemarch","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/middlemarch/#middlemarch-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"mike-mulligan-and-his-steam-shovel-q1","title":"Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel","text":"Mike Mulligan had a steam shovel, a beautiful red steam shovel.","work":"Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel","author":"Virginia Lee Burton","url":"/works/mike-mulligan-and-his-steam-shovel/#mike-mulligan-and-his-steam-shovel-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"mike-mulligan-and-his-steam-shovel-q2","title":"Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel","text":"He always said that she could dig as much in a day as a hundred men could dig in a week","work":"Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel","author":"Virginia Lee Burton","url":"/works/mike-mulligan-and-his-steam-shovel/#mike-mulligan-and-his-steam-shovel-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"minersville-school-district-v-gobitis-q1","title":"Minersville School District v. Gobitis","text":"National unity is the basis of national security.","work":"Minersville School District v. Gobitis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/minersville-school-district-v-gobitis/#minersville-school-district-v-gobitis-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"minersville-school-district-v-gobitis-q2","title":"Minersville School District v. Gobitis","text":"The ultimate foundation of a free society is the binding tie of cohesive sentiment.","work":"Minersville School District v. Gobitis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/minersville-school-district-v-gobitis/#minersville-school-district-v-gobitis-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"minersville-school-district-v-gobitis-q3","title":"Minersville School District v. Gobitis","text":"Conscientious scruples have not, in the course of the long struggle for religious toleration, relieved the individual from obedience to a general law not aimed at the promotion or restriction of religious beliefs.","work":"Minersville School District v. Gobitis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/minersville-school-district-v-gobitis/#minersville-school-district-v-gobitis-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"minersville-school-district-v-gobitis-q4","title":"Minersville School District v. Gobitis","text":"To fight out the wise use of legislative authority in the forum of public opinion and before legislative assemblies rather than to transfer such a contest to the judicial arena, serves to vindicate the self-confidence of a free people.","work":"Minersville School District v. Gobitis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/minersville-school-district-v-gobitis/#minersville-school-district-v-gobitis-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"minersville-school-district-v-gobitis-q5","title":"Minersville School District v. Gobitis","text":"The very essence of the liberty which they guaranty is the freedom of the individual from compulsion as to what he shall think and what he shall say, at least where the compulsion is to bear false witness to his religion.","work":"Minersville School District v. Gobitis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/minersville-school-district-v-gobitis/#minersville-school-district-v-gobitis-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"minersville-school-district-v-gobitis-q6","title":"Minersville School District v. Gobitis","text":"History teaches us that there have been but few infringements of personal liberty by the state which have not been justified, as they are here, in the name of righteousness and the public good, and few which have not been directed, as they are now, at politically helpless minorities.","work":"Minersville School District v. Gobitis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/minersville-school-district-v-gobitis/#minersville-school-district-v-gobitis-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"miranda-v-arizona-q1","title":"Miranda v. Arizona","text":"Prior to any questioning, the person must be warned that he has a right to remain silent, that any statement he does make may be used as evidence against him, and that he has a right to the presence of an attorney, either retained or appointed.","work":"Miranda v. Arizona","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/miranda-v-arizona/#miranda-v-arizona-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"miranda-v-arizona-q2","title":"Miranda v. Arizona","text":"This atmosphere carries its own badge of intimidation.","work":"Miranda v. Arizona","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/miranda-v-arizona/#miranda-v-arizona-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"miranda-v-arizona-q3","title":"Miranda v. Arizona","text":"All these policies point to one overriding thought: the constitutional foundation underlying the privilege is the respect a government — state or federal — must accord to the dignity and integrity of its citizens.","work":"Miranda v. Arizona","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/miranda-v-arizona/#miranda-v-arizona-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"miranda-v-arizona-q4","title":"Miranda v. Arizona","text":"We have already pointed out that the Constitution does not require any specific code of procedures for protecting the privilege against self-incrimination during custodial interrogation.","work":"Miranda v. Arizona","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/miranda-v-arizona/#miranda-v-arizona-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"miranda-v-arizona-q5","title":"Miranda v. Arizona","text":"Those who use third-degree tactics and deny them in court are equally able and destined to lie as skillfully about warnings and waivers.","work":"Miranda v. Arizona","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/miranda-v-arizona/#miranda-v-arizona-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"miranda-v-arizona-q6","title":"Miranda v. Arizona","text":"But it has never been suggested, until today, that such questioning was so coercive and accused persons so lacking in hardihood that the very first response to the very first question following the commencement of custody must be conclusively presumed to be the product of an overborne will.","work":"Miranda v. Arizona","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/miranda-v-arizona/#miranda-v-arizona-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"moby-dick-q1","title":"Moby-Dick","text":"Call me Ishmael.","work":"Moby-Dick","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/moby-dick/#moby-dick-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"moby-dick-q2","title":"Moby-Dick","text":"whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up the rear of every funeral I meet","work":"Moby-Dick","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/moby-dick/#moby-dick-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"moby-dick-q3","title":"Moby-Dick","text":"Better sleep with a sober cannibal than a drunken Christian.","work":"Moby-Dick","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/moby-dick/#moby-dick-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"moby-dick-q4","title":"Moby-Dick","text":"Delight is to him, who gives no quarter in the truth, and kills, burns, and destroys all sin though he pluck it out from under the robes of Senators and Judges.","work":"Moby-Dick","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/moby-dick/#moby-dick-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"moby-dick-q5","title":"Moby-Dick","text":"all deep, earnest thinking is but the intrepid effort of the soul to keep the open independence of her sea","work":"Moby-Dick","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/moby-dick/#moby-dick-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"moby-dick-q6","title":"Moby-Dick","text":"All visible objects, man, are but as pasteboard masks.","work":"Moby-Dick","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/moby-dick/#moby-dick-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"moby-dick-q7","title":"Moby-Dick","text":"Talk not to me of blasphemy, man; I’d strike the sun if it insulted me.","work":"Moby-Dick","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/moby-dick/#moby-dick-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"moby-dick-q8","title":"Moby-Dick","text":"To be enraged with a dumb thing, Captain Ahab, seems blasphemous.","work":"Moby-Dick","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/moby-dick/#moby-dick-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"moby-dick-q9","title":"Moby-Dick","text":"all my means are sane, my motive and my object mad","work":"Moby-Dick","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/moby-dick/#moby-dick-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"moby-dick-q10","title":"Moby-Dick","text":"so in the soul of man there lies one insular Tahiti, full of peace and joy, but encompassed by all the horrors of the half known life. God keep thee! Push not off from that isle, thou canst never return!","work":"Moby-Dick","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/moby-dick/#moby-dick-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"moby-dick-q11","title":"Moby-Dick","text":"There is a wisdom that is woe; but there is a woe that is madness.","work":"Moby-Dick","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/moby-dick/#moby-dick-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"moby-dick-q12","title":"Moby-Dick","text":"Close! stand close to me, Starbuck; let me look into a human eye; it is better than to gaze into sea or sky; better than to gaze upon God.","work":"Moby-Dick","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/moby-dick/#moby-dick-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"moby-dick-q13","title":"Moby-Dick","text":"Towards thee I roll, thou all-destroying but unconquering whale; to the last I grapple with thee; from hell’s heart I stab at thee; for hate’s sake I spit my last breath at thee.","work":"Moby-Dick","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/moby-dick/#moby-dick-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"moby-dick-q14","title":"Moby-Dick","text":"It was the devious-cruising Rachel, that in her retracing search after her missing children, only found another orphan.","work":"Moby-Dick","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/moby-dick/#moby-dick-q14"},{"type":"quote","id":"oneill-mourning-becomes-electra-q1","title":"Mourning Becomes Electra","text":"I'm the last Mannon. I've got to punish myself!","work":"Mourning Becomes Electra","author":"Eugene O'Neill","url":"/works/oneill-mourning-becomes-electra/#oneill-mourning-becomes-electra-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"oneill-mourning-becomes-electra-q2","title":"Mourning Becomes Electra","text":"Living alone here with the dead is a worse act of justice than death or prison!","work":"Mourning Becomes Electra","author":"Eugene O'Neill","url":"/works/oneill-mourning-becomes-electra/#oneill-mourning-becomes-electra-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"mouse-soup-q1","title":"Mouse Soup","text":"This soup will not taste good. It has no stories in it.","work":"Mouse Soup","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/mouse-soup/#mouse-soup-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"mouse-soup-q2","title":"Mouse Soup","text":"I have told you my stories. They will make your mouse soup taste really good.","work":"Mouse Soup","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/mouse-soup/#mouse-soup-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"mr-poppers-penguins-q1","title":"Mr. Popper's Penguins","text":"It was an afternoon in late September. In the pleasant little city of Stillwater, Mr. Popper, the house painter, was going home from work.","work":"Mr. Popper's Penguins","author":"Richard and Florence Atwater","url":"/works/mr-poppers-penguins/#mr-poppers-penguins-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"mrs-dalloway-q1","title":"Mrs. Dalloway","text":"Mrs. Dalloway said she would buy the flowers herself.","work":"Mrs. Dalloway","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/mrs-dalloway/#mrs-dalloway-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"mrs-dalloway-q2","title":"Mrs. Dalloway","text":"What a lark! What a plunge!","work":"Mrs. Dalloway","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/mrs-dalloway/#mrs-dalloway-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"mrs-dalloway-q3","title":"Mrs. Dalloway","text":"She had a perpetual sense, as she watched the taxi cabs, of being out, out, far out to sea and alone; she always had the feeling that it was very, very dangerous to live even one day.","work":"Mrs. Dalloway","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/mrs-dalloway/#mrs-dalloway-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"mrs-dalloway-q4","title":"Mrs. Dalloway","text":"The leaden circles dissolved in the air.","work":"Mrs. Dalloway","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/mrs-dalloway/#mrs-dalloway-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"mrs-dalloway-q5","title":"Mrs. Dalloway","text":"Septimus was one of the first to volunteer. He went to France to save an England which consisted almost entirely of Shakespeare’s plays and Miss Isabel Pole in a green dress walking in a square.","work":"Mrs. Dalloway","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/mrs-dalloway/#mrs-dalloway-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"mrs-dalloway-q6","title":"Mrs. Dalloway","text":"Sir William said he never spoke of “madness”; he called it not having a sense of proportion.","work":"Mrs. Dalloway","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/mrs-dalloway/#mrs-dalloway-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"mrs-dalloway-q7","title":"Mrs. Dalloway","text":"Death was defiance. Death was an attempt to communicate; people feeling the impossibility of reaching the centre which, mystically, evaded them; closeness drew apart; rapture faded, one was alone.","work":"Mrs. Dalloway","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/mrs-dalloway/#mrs-dalloway-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"mrs-dalloway-q8","title":"Mrs. Dalloway","text":"It is Clarissa, he said. For there she was.","work":"Mrs. Dalloway","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/mrs-dalloway/#mrs-dalloway-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"much-ado-about-nothing-q1","title":"Much Ado About Nothing","text":"There is a kind of merry war betwixt Signior Benedick and her; they never meet but there’s a skirmish of wit between them.","work":"Much Ado About Nothing","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/much-ado-about-nothing/#much-ado-about-nothing-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"much-ado-about-nothing-q2","title":"Much Ado About Nothing","text":"the world must be peopled. When I said I would die a bachelor, I did not think I should live till I were married.","work":"Much Ado About Nothing","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/much-ado-about-nothing/#much-ado-about-nothing-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"much-ado-about-nothing-q3","title":"Much Ado About Nothing","text":"Contempt, farewell! and maiden pride, adieu! No glory lives behind the back of such.","work":"Much Ado About Nothing","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/much-ado-about-nothing/#much-ado-about-nothing-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"much-ado-about-nothing-q4","title":"Much Ado About Nothing","text":"Give not this rotten orange to your friend;","work":"Much Ado About Nothing","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/much-ado-about-nothing/#much-ado-about-nothing-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"much-ado-about-nothing-q5","title":"Much Ado About Nothing","text":"Come, lady, die to live: this wedding day Perhaps is but prolong’d: have patience and endure.","work":"Much Ado About Nothing","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/much-ado-about-nothing/#much-ado-about-nothing-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"much-ado-about-nothing-q6","title":"Much Ado About Nothing","text":"I love you with so much of my heart that none is left to protest.","work":"Much Ado About Nothing","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/much-ado-about-nothing/#much-ado-about-nothing-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"much-ado-about-nothing-q7","title":"Much Ado About Nothing","text":"O that he were here to write me down an ass!","work":"Much Ado About Nothing","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/much-ado-about-nothing/#much-ado-about-nothing-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"much-ado-about-nothing-q8","title":"Much Ado About Nothing","text":"man is a giddy thing, and this is my conclusion.","work":"Much Ado About Nothing","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/much-ado-about-nothing/#much-ado-about-nothing-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"munn-v-illinois-q1","title":"Munn v. Illinois","text":"Property does become clothed with a public interest when used in a manner to make it of public consequence, and affect the community at large.","work":"Munn v. Illinois","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/munn-v-illinois/#munn-v-illinois-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"munn-v-illinois-q2","title":"Munn v. Illinois","text":"When, therefore, one devotes his property to a use in which the public has an interest, he, in effect, grants to the public an interest in that use, and must submit to be controlled by the public for the common good, to the extent of the interest he has thus created.","work":"Munn v. Illinois","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/munn-v-illinois/#munn-v-illinois-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"munn-v-illinois-q3","title":"Munn v. Illinois","text":"They stand, to use again the language of their counsel, in the very 'gateway of commerce,' and take toll from all who pass.","work":"Munn v. Illinois","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/munn-v-illinois/#munn-v-illinois-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"munn-v-illinois-q4","title":"Munn v. Illinois","text":"For protection against abuses by legislatures the people must resort to the polls, not to the courts.","work":"Munn v. Illinois","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/munn-v-illinois/#munn-v-illinois-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"munn-v-illinois-q5","title":"Munn v. Illinois","text":"If this be sound law, if there be no protection, either in the principles upon which our republican government is founded, or in the prohibitions of the Constitution against such invasion of private rights, all property and all business in the State are held at the mercy of a majority of its legislature.","work":"Munn v. Illinois","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/munn-v-illinois/#munn-v-illinois-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"munn-v-illinois-q6","title":"Munn v. Illinois","text":"All that is beneficial in property arises from its use, and the fruits of that use; and whatever deprives a person of them deprives him of all that is desirable or valuable in the title and possession.","work":"Munn v. Illinois","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/munn-v-illinois/#munn-v-illinois-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"my-antonia-q1","title":"My Ántonia","text":"There was nothing but land: not a country at all, but the material out of which countries are made","work":"My Ántonia","author":"Willa Cather","url":"/works/my-antonia/#my-antonia-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"my-antonia-q2","title":"My Ántonia","text":"I was something that lay under the sun and felt it, like the pumpkins, and I did not want to be anything more. I was entirely happy","work":"My Ántonia","author":"Willa Cather","url":"/works/my-antonia/#my-antonia-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"my-antonia-q3","title":"My Ántonia","text":"Perhaps that is what we feel when we die and become a part of something entire, whether it is sun and air, or goodness and knowledge.","work":"My Ántonia","author":"Willa Cather","url":"/works/my-antonia/#my-antonia-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"my-antonia-q4","title":"My Ántonia","text":"Whatever we had missed, we possessed together the precious, the incommunicable past","work":"My Ántonia","author":"Willa Cather","url":"/works/my-antonia/#my-antonia-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"my-fathers-dragon-q1","title":"My Father's Dragon","text":"One cold rainy day when my father was a little boy, he met an old alley cat on his street.","work":"My Father's Dragon","author":"Ruth Stiles Gannett","url":"/works/my-fathers-dragon/#my-fathers-dragon-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"my-fathers-dragon-q2","title":"My Father's Dragon","text":"Wouldn't it be wonderful to fly just anywhere you might think of!","work":"My Father's Dragon","author":"Ruth Stiles Gannett","url":"/works/my-fathers-dragon/#my-fathers-dragon-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"my-fathers-dragon-q3","title":"My Father's Dragon","text":"One doesn't contradict a hungry tiger.","work":"My Father's Dragon","author":"Ruth Stiles Gannett","url":"/works/my-fathers-dragon/#my-fathers-dragon-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"my-fathers-dragon-q4","title":"My Father's Dragon","text":"Don't you know that's my private weeping pool?","work":"My Father's Dragon","author":"Ruth Stiles Gannett","url":"/works/my-fathers-dragon/#my-fathers-dragon-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"my-fathers-dragon-q5","title":"My Father's Dragon","text":"What a life for a baby dragon!","work":"My Father's Dragon","author":"Ruth Stiles Gannett","url":"/works/my-fathers-dragon/#my-fathers-dragon-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"my-fathers-dragon-q6","title":"My Father's Dragon","text":"Steady, old boy, steady. We'll make it. Just stand still,","work":"My Father's Dragon","author":"Ruth Stiles Gannett","url":"/works/my-fathers-dragon/#my-fathers-dragon-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"my-fathers-dragon-q7","title":"My Father's Dragon","text":"But my father and the dragon knew that nothing in the world would ever make them go back to Wild Island.","work":"My Father's Dragon","author":"Ruth Stiles Gannett","url":"/works/my-fathers-dragon/#my-fathers-dragon-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"my-last-duchess-q1","title":"My Last Duchess","text":"That's my last Duchess painted on the wall, Looking as if she were alive.","work":"My Last Duchess","author":"Robert Browning","url":"/works/my-last-duchess/#my-last-duchess-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"my-last-duchess-q2","title":"My Last Duchess","text":"She had A heart--how shall I say?--too soon made glad, Too easily impressed; she liked whate'er She looked on, and her looks went everywhere.","work":"My Last Duchess","author":"Robert Browning","url":"/works/my-last-duchess/#my-last-duchess-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"my-last-duchess-q3","title":"My Last Duchess","text":"as if she ranked My gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name With anybody's gift.","work":"My Last Duchess","author":"Robert Browning","url":"/works/my-last-duchess/#my-last-duchess-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"my-last-duchess-q4","title":"My Last Duchess","text":"and I choose Never to stoop.","work":"My Last Duchess","author":"Robert Browning","url":"/works/my-last-duchess/#my-last-duchess-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"my-last-duchess-q5","title":"My Last Duchess","text":"This grew; I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped together. There she stands As if alive.","work":"My Last Duchess","author":"Robert Browning","url":"/works/my-last-duchess/#my-last-duchess-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"my-last-duchess-q6","title":"My Last Duchess","text":"Notice Neptune, though, Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity, Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me!","work":"My Last Duchess","author":"Robert Browning","url":"/works/my-last-duchess/#my-last-duchess-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"my-side-of-the-mountain-q1","title":"My Side of the Mountain","text":"I am on my mountain in a tree home that people have passed without ever knowing that I am here.","work":"My Side of the Mountain","author":"Jean Craighead George","url":"/works/my-side-of-the-mountain/#my-side-of-the-mountain-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"napoleons-maxims-of-war-q1","title":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","text":"In forming the plan of a campaign, it is requisite to foresee everything the enemy may do, and to be prepared with the necessary means to counteract it","work":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","url":"/works/napoleons-maxims-of-war/#napoleons-maxims-of-war-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"napoleons-maxims-of-war-q2","title":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","text":"The strength of an army, like the power in mechanics, is estimated by multiplying the mass by the rapidity","work":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","url":"/works/napoleons-maxims-of-war/#napoleons-maxims-of-war-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"napoleons-maxims-of-war-q3","title":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","text":"When an army carries with it a battering train, or large convoys of sick and wounded, it cannot march by too short a line upon its depôts","work":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","url":"/works/napoleons-maxims-of-war/#napoleons-maxims-of-war-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"napoleons-maxims-of-war-q4","title":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","text":"The first qualification of a soldier is fortitude under fatigue and privation. Courage is only the second; hardship, poverty and want, are the best school for a soldier","work":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","url":"/works/napoleons-maxims-of-war/#napoleons-maxims-of-war-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"napoleons-maxims-of-war-q5","title":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","text":"It is the height of injustice not to pay a veteran more than a recruit","work":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","url":"/works/napoleons-maxims-of-war/#napoleons-maxims-of-war-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"napoleons-maxims-of-war-q6","title":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","text":"They will terminate in the adoption of the worst course, which in war is always the most timid, or, if you will, the most prudent. The only true wisdom in a general is determined courage","work":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","url":"/works/napoleons-maxims-of-war/#napoleons-maxims-of-war-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"napoleons-maxims-of-war-q7","title":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","text":"Great extremities require extraordinary resolution. The more obstinate the resistance of an army, the greater the chances of assistance or of success","work":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","url":"/works/napoleons-maxims-of-war/#napoleons-maxims-of-war-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"napoleons-maxims-of-war-q8","title":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","text":"The first qualification in a general-in-chief is a cool head--that is, a head which receives just impressions, and estimates things and objects at their real value. He must not allow himself to be elated by good news, or depressed by bad","work":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","url":"/works/napoleons-maxims-of-war/#napoleons-maxims-of-war-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"napoleons-maxims-of-war-q9","title":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","text":"Some men are so physically and morally constituted as to see everything through a highly-colored medium","work":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","url":"/works/napoleons-maxims-of-war/#napoleons-maxims-of-war-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"napoleons-maxims-of-war-q10","title":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","text":"Peruse again and again the campaigns of Alexander, Hannibal, Cæsar, Gustavus Adolphus, Turenne, Eugene, and Frederick. Model yourself upon them","work":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","url":"/works/napoleons-maxims-of-war/#napoleons-maxims-of-war-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"nfib-v-sebelius-q1","title":"National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius","text":"It is not our job to protect the people from the consequences of their political choices.","work":"National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nfib-v-sebelius/#nfib-v-sebelius-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"nfib-v-sebelius-q2","title":"National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius","text":"The Framers gave Congress the power to regulate commerce, not to compel it, and for over 200 years both our decisions and Congress's actions have reflected this understanding.","work":"National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nfib-v-sebelius/#nfib-v-sebelius-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"nfib-v-sebelius-q3","title":"National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius","text":"THE CHIEF JUSTICE's crabbed reading of the Commerce Clause harks back to the era in which the Court routinely thwarted Congress' efforts to regulate the national economy in the interest of those who labor to sustain it.","work":"National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nfib-v-sebelius/#nfib-v-sebelius-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"nfib-v-sebelius-q4","title":"National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius","text":"As economists would describe what happens, the uninsured \"free ride\" on those who pay for health insurance.","work":"National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nfib-v-sebelius/#nfib-v-sebelius-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"nfib-v-sebelius-q5","title":"National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius","text":"The Act before us here exceeds federal power both in mandating the purchase of health insurance and in denying non-consenting States all Medicaid funding.","work":"National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nfib-v-sebelius/#nfib-v-sebelius-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"nfib-v-sebelius-q6","title":"National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius","text":"Such a definition of market participants is unprecedented, and were it to be a premise for the exercise of national power, it would have no principled limits.","work":"National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nfib-v-sebelius/#nfib-v-sebelius-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"near-v-minnesota-q1","title":"Near v. Minnesota","text":"In determining the extent of the constitutional protection, it has been generally, if not universally, considered that it is the chief purpose of the guaranty to prevent previous restraints upon publication.","work":"Near v. Minnesota","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/near-v-minnesota/#near-v-minnesota-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"near-v-minnesota-q2","title":"Near v. Minnesota","text":"This is of the essence of censorship.","work":"Near v. Minnesota","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/near-v-minnesota/#near-v-minnesota-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"near-v-minnesota-q3","title":"Near v. Minnesota","text":"No one would question but that a government might prevent actual obstruction to its recruiting service or the publication of the sailing dates of transports or the number and location of troops.","work":"Near v. Minnesota","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/near-v-minnesota/#near-v-minnesota-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"near-v-minnesota-q4","title":"Near v. Minnesota","text":"The fact that the liberty of the press may be abused by miscreant purveyors of scandal does not make any the less necessary the immunity of the press from previous restraint in dealing with official misconduct. Subsequent punishment for such abuses as may exist is the appropriate remedy consistent with constitutional privilege.","work":"Near v. Minnesota","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/near-v-minnesota/#near-v-minnesota-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"near-v-minnesota-q5","title":"Near v. Minnesota","text":"It gives to freedom of the press a meaning and a scope not heretofore recognized, and construes \"liberty\" in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to put upon the States a federal restriction that is without precedent.","work":"Near v. Minnesota","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/near-v-minnesota/#near-v-minnesota-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"near-v-minnesota-q6","title":"Near v. Minnesota","text":"It is of the greatest importance that the States shall be untrammeled and free to employ all just and appropriate measures to prevent abuses of the liberty of the press.","work":"Near v. Minnesota","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/near-v-minnesota/#near-v-minnesota-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"new-york-times-v-sullivan-q1","title":"New York Times Co. v. Sullivan","text":"Thus we consider this case against the background of a profound national commitment to the principle that debate on public issues should be uninhibited, robust, and wide-open, and that it may well include vehement, caustic, and sometimes unpleasantly sharp attacks on government and public officials.","work":"New York Times Co. v. Sullivan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/new-york-times-v-sullivan/#new-york-times-v-sullivan-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"new-york-times-v-sullivan-q2","title":"New York Times Co. v. Sullivan","text":"Although the Sedition Act was never tested in this Court the attack upon its validity has carried the day in the court of history.","work":"New York Times Co. v. Sullivan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/new-york-times-v-sullivan/#new-york-times-v-sullivan-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"new-york-times-v-sullivan-q3","title":"New York Times Co. v. Sullivan","text":"The right of free public discussion of the stewardship of public officials was thus, in Madison's view, a fundamental principle of the American form of government.","work":"New York Times Co. v. Sullivan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/new-york-times-v-sullivan/#new-york-times-v-sullivan-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"new-york-times-v-sullivan-q4","title":"New York Times Co. v. Sullivan","text":"The constitutional guarantees require, we think, a federal rule that prohibits a public official from recovering damages for a defamatory falsehood relating to his official conduct unless he proves that the statement was made with 'actual malice'—that is, with knowledge that it was false or with reckless disregard of whether it was false or not.","work":"New York Times Co. v. Sullivan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/new-york-times-v-sullivan/#new-york-times-v-sullivan-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"new-york-times-v-sullivan-q5","title":"New York Times Co. v. Sullivan","text":"The requirement that malice be proved provides at best an evanescent protection for the right critically to discuss public affairs and certainly does not measure up to the sturdy safeguard embodied in the First Amendment.","work":"New York Times Co. v. Sullivan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/new-york-times-v-sullivan/#new-york-times-v-sullivan-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"new-york-times-v-sullivan-q6","title":"New York Times Co. v. Sullivan","text":"To punish the exercise of this right to discuss public affairs or to penalize it through libel judgments is to abridge or shut off discussion of the very kind most needed.","work":"New York Times Co. v. Sullivan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/new-york-times-v-sullivan/#new-york-times-v-sullivan-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel-q1","title":"NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.","text":"That is a fundamental right. Employees have as clear a right to organize and select their representatives for lawful purposes as the respondent has to organize its business and select its own officers and agents.","work":"NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel/#nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel-q2","title":"NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.","text":"Although activities may be intrastate in character when separately considered, if they have such a close and substantial relation to interstate commerce that their control is essential or appropriate to protect that commerce from burdens and obstructions, Congress cannot be denied the power to exercise that control.","work":"NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel/#nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel-q3","title":"NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.","text":"Undoubtedly the scope of this power must be considered in the light of our dual system of government and may not be extended so as to embrace effects upon interstate commerce so indirect and remote that to embrace them, in view of our complex society, would effectually obliterate the distinction between what is national and what is local and create a completely centralized government.","work":"NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel/#nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel-q4","title":"NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.","text":"When industries organize themselves on a national scale, making their relation to interstate commerce the dominant factor in their activities, how can it be maintained that their industrial labor relations constitute a forbidden field into which Congress may not enter when it is necessary to protect interstate commerce from the paralyzing consequences of industrial war?","work":"NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel/#nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel-q5","title":"NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.","text":"We are asked to shut our eyes to the plainest facts of our national life and to deal with the question of direct and indirect effects in an intellectual vacuum.","work":"NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel/#nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel-q6","title":"NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.","text":"The act does not compel agreements between employers and employees. It does not compel any agreement whatever.","work":"NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel/#nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"no-treason-q1","title":"No Treason","text":"We are, therefore, driven to the acknowledgment that nations and governments, if they can rightfully exist at all, can exist only by consent.","work":"No Treason","author":"Lysander Spooner","url":"/works/no-treason/#no-treason-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"no-treason-q2","title":"No Treason","text":"Having pledged no faith, they break none.","work":"No Treason","author":"Lysander Spooner","url":"/works/no-treason/#no-treason-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"no-treason-q3","title":"No Treason","text":"A traitor is a betrayer—one who practices injury, while professing friendship.","work":"No Treason","author":"Lysander Spooner","url":"/works/no-treason/#no-treason-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"no-treason-q4","title":"No Treason","text":"The Constitution has no inherent authority or obligation.","work":"No Treason","author":"Lysander Spooner","url":"/works/no-treason/#no-treason-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"no-treason-q5","title":"No Treason","text":"It purports, at most, to be only a contract between persons living eighty years ago.","work":"No Treason","author":"Lysander Spooner","url":"/works/no-treason/#no-treason-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"no-treason-q6","title":"No Treason","text":"The fact is that the government, like a highwayman, says to a man: Your money, or your life.","work":"No Treason","author":"Lysander Spooner","url":"/works/no-treason/#no-treason-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"no-treason-q7","title":"No Treason","text":"A man is none the less a slave because he is allowed to choose a new master once in a term of years.","work":"No Treason","author":"Lysander Spooner","url":"/works/no-treason/#no-treason-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"no-treason-q8","title":"No Treason","text":"But whether the Constitution really be one thing, or another, this much is certain—that it has either authorized such a government as we have had, or has been powerless to prevent it. In either case, it is unfit to exist.","work":"No Treason","author":"Lysander Spooner","url":"/works/no-treason/#no-treason-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad-q1","title":"Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases)","text":"Contracts, however express, cannot fetter the constitutional authority of the Congress. Contracts may create rights of property, but, when contracts deal with a subject-matter which lies within the control of the Congress, they have a congenital infirmity.","work":"Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases)","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad/#norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad-q2","title":"Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases)","text":"We are of the opinion that the gold clauses now before us were not contracts for payment in gold coin as a commodity, or in bullion, but were contracts for the payment of money.","work":"Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases)","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad/#norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad-q3","title":"Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases)","text":"It requires no acute analysis or profound economic inquiry to disclose the dislocation of the domestic economy which would be caused by such a disparity of conditions in which, it is insisted, those debtors under gold clauses should be required to pay $1.69 in currency while respectively receiving their taxes, rates, charges, and prices on the basis of $1 of that currency.","work":"Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases)","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad/#norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad-q4","title":"Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases)","text":"We are not concerned with consequences, in the sense that consequences, however serious, may excuse an invasion of constitutional right.","work":"Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases)","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad/#norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad-q5","title":"Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases)","text":"Just men regard repudiation and spoliation of citizens by their sovereign with abhorrence; but we are asked to affirm that the Constitution has granted power to accomplish both.","work":"Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases)","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad/#norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad-q6","title":"Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases)","text":"The clause is not new or obscure or discolored by any sinister purpose.","work":"Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases)","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad/#norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"northanger-abbey-q1","title":"Northanger Abbey","text":"No one who had ever seen Catherine Morland in her infancy would have supposed her born to be an heroine","work":"Northanger Abbey","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/northanger-abbey/#northanger-abbey-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"northanger-abbey-q2","title":"Northanger Abbey","text":"only some work in which the greatest powers of the mind are displayed, in which the most thorough knowledge of human nature, the happiest delineation of its varieties, the liveliest effusions of wit and humour, are conveyed to the world in the best-chosen language","work":"Northanger Abbey","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/northanger-abbey/#northanger-abbey-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"northanger-abbey-q3","title":"Northanger Abbey","text":"The person, be it gentleman or lady, who has not pleasure in a good novel, must be intolerably stupid","work":"Northanger Abbey","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/northanger-abbey/#northanger-abbey-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"northanger-abbey-q4","title":"Northanger Abbey","text":"Remember that we are English, that we are Christians. Consult your own understanding, your own sense of the probable, your own observation of what is passing around you","work":"Northanger Abbey","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/northanger-abbey/#northanger-abbey-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"notes-from-underground-q1","title":"Notes from Underground","text":"I am a sick man.... I am a spiteful man. I am an unattractive man. I believe my liver is diseased.","work":"Notes from Underground","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/notes-from-underground/#notes-from-underground-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"notes-from-underground-q2","title":"Notes from Underground","text":"I swear, gentlemen, that to be too conscious is an illness—a real thorough-going illness.","work":"Notes from Underground","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/notes-from-underground/#notes-from-underground-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"notes-from-underground-q3","title":"Notes from Underground","text":"One’s own free unfettered choice, one’s own caprice, however wild it may be, one’s own fancy worked up at times to frenzy—is that very “most advantageous advantage” which we have overlooked","work":"Notes from Underground","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/notes-from-underground/#notes-from-underground-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"notes-from-underground-q4","title":"Notes from Underground","text":"I admit that twice two makes four is an excellent thing, but if we are to give everything its due, twice two makes five is sometimes a very charming thing too.","work":"Notes from Underground","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/notes-from-underground/#notes-from-underground-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"notes-from-underground-q5","title":"Notes from Underground","text":"You believe in a palace of crystal that can never be destroyed—a palace at which one will not be able to put out one’s tongue or make a long nose on the sly.","work":"Notes from Underground","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/notes-from-underground/#notes-from-underground-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"notes-from-underground-q6","title":"Notes from Underground","text":"I say that the world may go to pot for me so long as I always get my tea.","work":"Notes from Underground","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/notes-from-underground/#notes-from-underground-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"notes-from-underground-q7","title":"Notes from Underground","text":"which is better—cheap happiness or exalted sufferings?","work":"Notes from Underground","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/notes-from-underground/#notes-from-underground-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"notes-from-underground-q8","title":"Notes from Underground","text":"We are stillborn, and for generations past have been begotten, not by living fathers, and that suits us better and better.","work":"Notes from Underground","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/notes-from-underground/#notes-from-underground-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"jefferson-selected-writings-q1","title":"Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible","text":"The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants","work":"Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/jefferson-selected-writings/#jefferson-selected-writings-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"jefferson-selected-writings-q2","title":"Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible","text":"I cannot live without books","work":"Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/jefferson-selected-writings/#jefferson-selected-writings-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"whewell-novum-organon-renovatum-q1","title":"Novum Organon Renovatum","text":"MAN is the Interpreter of Nature, Science the right interpretation.","work":"Novum Organon Renovatum","author":"William Whewell","url":"/works/whewell-novum-organon-renovatum/#whewell-novum-organon-renovatum-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"whewell-novum-organon-renovatum-q2","title":"Novum Organon Renovatum","text":"For an Art of Discovery is not possible.","work":"Novum Organon Renovatum","author":"William Whewell","url":"/works/whewell-novum-organon-renovatum/#whewell-novum-organon-renovatum-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"whewell-novum-organon-renovatum-q3","title":"Novum Organon Renovatum","text":"The process of scientific discovery is cautious and rigorous, not by abstaining from hypotheses, but by rigorously comparing hypotheses with facts, and by resolutely rejecting all which the comparison does not confirm.","work":"Novum Organon Renovatum","author":"William Whewell","url":"/works/whewell-novum-organon-renovatum/#whewell-novum-organon-renovatum-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"whewell-novum-organon-renovatum-q4","title":"Novum Organon Renovatum","text":"It is a test of true theories not only to account for, but to predict phenomena.","work":"Novum Organon Renovatum","author":"William Whewell","url":"/works/whewell-novum-organon-renovatum/#whewell-novum-organon-renovatum-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"whewell-novum-organon-renovatum-q5","title":"Novum Organon Renovatum","text":"The pearls are there, but they will not hang together till some one provides the String.","work":"Novum Organon Renovatum","author":"William Whewell","url":"/works/whewell-novum-organon-renovatum/#whewell-novum-organon-renovatum-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"whewell-novum-organon-renovatum-q6","title":"Novum Organon Renovatum","text":"To try wrong guesses is, with most persons, the only way to hit upon right ones.","work":"Novum Organon Renovatum","author":"William Whewell","url":"/works/whewell-novum-organon-renovatum/#whewell-novum-organon-renovatum-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"whewell-novum-organon-renovatum-q7","title":"Novum Organon Renovatum","text":"That rules springing from remote and unconnected quarters should thus leap to the same point","work":"Novum Organon Renovatum","author":"William Whewell","url":"/works/whewell-novum-organon-renovatum/#whewell-novum-organon-renovatum-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"whewell-novum-organon-renovatum-q8","title":"Novum Organon Renovatum","text":"We need very much a name to describe a cultivator of science in general.","work":"Novum Organon Renovatum","author":"William Whewell","url":"/works/whewell-novum-organon-renovatum/#whewell-novum-organon-renovatum-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"novum-organum-q1","title":"Novum Organum","text":"Man, as the minister and interpreter of nature, does and understands as much as his observations on the order of nature, either with regard to things or the mind, permit him, and neither knows nor is capable of more","work":"Novum Organum","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/novum-organum/#novum-organum-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"novum-organum-q2","title":"Novum Organum","text":"Knowledge and human power are synonymous, since the ignorance of the cause frustrates the effect; for nature is only subdued by submission","work":"Novum Organum","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/novum-organum/#novum-organum-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"novum-organum-q3","title":"Novum Organum","text":"the specious meditations, speculations, and theories of mankind are but a kind of insanity, only there is no one to stand by and observe it","work":"Novum Organum","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/novum-organum/#novum-organum-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"novum-organum-q4","title":"Novum Organum","text":"Four species of idols beset the human mind, to which (for distinction’s sake) we have assigned names, calling the first Idols of the Tribe, the second Idols of the Den, the third Idols of the Market, the fourth Idols of the Theatre.","work":"Novum Organum","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/novum-organum/#novum-organum-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"novum-organum-q5","title":"Novum Organum","text":"But where are the portraits of those who have perished in spite of their vows","work":"Novum Organum","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/novum-organum/#novum-organum-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"novum-organum-q6","title":"Novum Organum","text":"The human understanding resembles not a dry light, but admits a tincture of the will","work":"Novum Organum","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/novum-organum/#novum-organum-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"novum-organum-q7","title":"Novum Organum","text":"The former like ants only heap up and use their store, the latter like spiders spin out their own webs","work":"Novum Organum","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/novum-organum/#novum-organum-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"novum-organum-q8","title":"Novum Organum","text":"We must not then add wings, but rather lead and ballast to the understanding, to prevent its jumping or flying","work":"Novum Organum","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/novum-organum/#novum-organum-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"novum-organum-q9","title":"Novum Organum","text":"printing, gunpowder, and the compass. For these three have changed the appearance and state of the whole world","work":"Novum Organum","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/novum-organum/#novum-organum-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"novum-organum-q10","title":"Novum Organum","text":"Now the empire of man over things is founded on the arts and sciences alone, for nature is only to be commanded by obeying her","work":"Novum Organum","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/novum-organum/#novum-organum-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"novum-organum-q11","title":"Novum Organum","text":"Since, however, truth emerges more readily from error than confusion, we consider it useful to leave the understanding at liberty","work":"Novum Organum","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/novum-organum/#novum-organum-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"novum-organum-q12","title":"Novum Organum","text":"But opiates, and the like, banish the spirits by their malignant and hostile quality","work":"Novum Organum","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/novum-organum/#novum-organum-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"number-the-stars-q1","title":"Number the Stars","text":"All of Denmark is his bodyguard.","work":"Number the Stars","author":"Lois Lowry","url":"/works/number-the-stars/#number-the-stars-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"number-the-stars-q2","title":"Number the Stars","text":"It is much easier to be brave if you do not know everything.","work":"Number the Stars","author":"Lois Lowry","url":"/works/number-the-stars/#number-the-stars-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"o-captain-my-captain-q1","title":"O Captain! My Captain!","text":"O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done, The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won,","work":"O Captain! My Captain!","author":"Walt Whitman","url":"/works/o-captain-my-captain/#o-captain-my-captain-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"o-captain-my-captain-q2","title":"O Captain! My Captain!","text":"But O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red, Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead.","work":"O Captain! My Captain!","author":"Walt Whitman","url":"/works/o-captain-my-captain/#o-captain-my-captain-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"o-captain-my-captain-q3","title":"O Captain! My Captain!","text":"Here Captain! dear father! This arm beneath your head! It is some dream that on the deck, You’ve fallen cold and dead.","work":"O Captain! My Captain!","author":"Walt Whitman","url":"/works/o-captain-my-captain/#o-captain-my-captain-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"o-captain-my-captain-q4","title":"O Captain! My Captain!","text":"My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still, My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will,","work":"O Captain! My Captain!","author":"Walt Whitman","url":"/works/o-captain-my-captain/#o-captain-my-captain-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"o-captain-my-captain-q5","title":"O Captain! My Captain!","text":"Exult O shores, and ring O bells! But I with mournful tread, Walk the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead.","work":"O Captain! My Captain!","author":"Walt Whitman","url":"/works/o-captain-my-captain/#o-captain-my-captain-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"oconnor-v-donaldson-q1","title":"O'Connor v. Donaldson","text":"The evidence showed that Donaldson's confinement was a simple regime of enforced custodial care, not a program designed to alleviate or cure his supposed illness.","work":"O'Connor v. Donaldson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/oconnor-v-donaldson/#oconnor-v-donaldson-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"oconnor-v-donaldson-q2","title":"O'Connor v. Donaldson","text":"A finding of \"mental illness\" alone cannot justify a State's locking a person up against his will and keeping him indefinitely in simple custodial confinement.","work":"O'Connor v. Donaldson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/oconnor-v-donaldson/#oconnor-v-donaldson-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"oconnor-v-donaldson-q3","title":"O'Connor v. Donaldson","text":"But the mere presence of mental illness does not disqualify a person from preferring his home to the comforts of an institution.","work":"O'Connor v. Donaldson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/oconnor-v-donaldson/#oconnor-v-donaldson-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"oconnor-v-donaldson-q4","title":"O'Connor v. Donaldson","text":"Mere public intolerance or animosity cannot constitutionally justify the deprivation of a person's physical liberty.","work":"O'Connor v. Donaldson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/oconnor-v-donaldson/#oconnor-v-donaldson-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"oconnor-v-donaldson-q5","title":"O'Connor v. Donaldson","text":"In short, a State cannot constitutionally confine without more a nondangerous individual who is capable of surviving safely in freedom by himself or with the help of willing and responsible family members or friends.","work":"O'Connor v. Donaldson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/oconnor-v-donaldson/#oconnor-v-donaldson-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"oconnor-v-donaldson-q6","title":"O'Connor v. Donaldson","text":"In short, the idea that States may not confine the mentally ill except for the purpose of providing them with treatment is of very recent origin, and there is no historical basis for imposing such a limitation on state power.","work":"O'Connor v. Donaldson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/oconnor-v-donaldson/#oconnor-v-donaldson-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"obergefell-v-hodges-q1","title":"Obergefell v. Hodges","text":"No union is more profound than marriage, for it embodies the highest ideals of love, fidelity, devotion, sacrifice, and family.","work":"Obergefell v. Hodges","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/obergefell-v-hodges/#obergefell-v-hodges-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"obergefell-v-hodges-q2","title":"Obergefell v. Hodges","text":"They ask for equal dignity in the eyes of the law. The Constitution grants them that right.","work":"Obergefell v. Hodges","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/obergefell-v-hodges/#obergefell-v-hodges-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"obergefell-v-hodges-q3","title":"Obergefell v. Hodges","text":"But this Court is not a legislature. Whether same-sex marriage is a good idea should be of no concern to us.","work":"Obergefell v. Hodges","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/obergefell-v-hodges/#obergefell-v-hodges-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"obergefell-v-hodges-q4","title":"Obergefell v. Hodges","text":"It is of overwhelming importance, however, who it is that rules me.","work":"Obergefell v. Hodges","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/obergefell-v-hodges/#obergefell-v-hodges-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"obergefell-v-hodges-q5","title":"Obergefell v. Hodges","text":"Since well before 1787, liberty has been understood as freedom from government action, not entitlement to government benefits.","work":"Obergefell v. Hodges","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/obergefell-v-hodges/#obergefell-v-hodges-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"obergefell-v-hodges-q6","title":"Obergefell v. Hodges","text":"The system of federalism established by our Constitution provides a way for people with different beliefs to live together in a single nation.","work":"Obergefell v. Hodges","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/obergefell-v-hodges/#obergefell-v-hodges-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"ode-on-a-grecian-urn-q1","title":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","text":"Thou still unravish'd bride of quietness, Thou foster-child of silence and slow time,","work":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","author":"John Keats","url":"/works/ode-on-a-grecian-urn/#ode-on-a-grecian-urn-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"ode-on-a-grecian-urn-q2","title":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","text":"Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard Are sweeter;","work":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","author":"John Keats","url":"/works/ode-on-a-grecian-urn/#ode-on-a-grecian-urn-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"ode-on-a-grecian-urn-q3","title":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","text":"Bold Lover, never, never canst thou kiss, Though winning near the goal--yet, do not grieve; She cannot fade, though thou hast not thy bliss, For ever wilt thou love, and she be fair!","work":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","author":"John Keats","url":"/works/ode-on-a-grecian-urn/#ode-on-a-grecian-urn-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"ode-on-a-grecian-urn-q4","title":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","text":"More happy love! more happy, happy love! For ever warm and still to be enjoy'd, For ever panting, and for ever young;","work":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","author":"John Keats","url":"/works/ode-on-a-grecian-urn/#ode-on-a-grecian-urn-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"ode-on-a-grecian-urn-q5","title":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","text":"That leaves a heart high-sorrowful and cloy'd, A burning forehead, and a parching tongue.","work":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","author":"John Keats","url":"/works/ode-on-a-grecian-urn/#ode-on-a-grecian-urn-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"ode-on-a-grecian-urn-q6","title":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","text":"And, little town, thy streets for evermore Will silent be; and not a soul to tell Why thou art desolate, can e'er return.","work":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","author":"John Keats","url":"/works/ode-on-a-grecian-urn/#ode-on-a-grecian-urn-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"ode-on-a-grecian-urn-q7","title":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","text":"Thou, silent form, dost tease us out of thought As doth eternity: Cold Pastoral!","work":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","author":"John Keats","url":"/works/ode-on-a-grecian-urn/#ode-on-a-grecian-urn-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"ode-on-a-grecian-urn-q8","title":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","text":"\"Beauty is truth, truth beauty,\"--that is all Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.","work":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","author":"John Keats","url":"/works/ode-on-a-grecian-urn/#ode-on-a-grecian-urn-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"of-mice-and-men-q1","title":"Of Mice and Men","text":"Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world.","work":"Of Mice and Men","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/of-mice-and-men/#of-mice-and-men-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"of-mice-and-men-q2","title":"Of Mice and Men","text":"I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you","work":"Of Mice and Men","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/of-mice-and-men/#of-mice-and-men-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity-q1","title":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","text":"Think ye are men, deem it not impossible for you to err; sift unpartially your own hearts, whether it be force of reason or vehemency of affection, which hath bred and still doth feed these opinions in you.","work":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","author":"Richard Hooker","url":"/works/hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity/#hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity-q2","title":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","text":"whom, for mine own part, I think incomparably the wisest man that ever the French church did enjoy, since the hour it enjoyed him.","work":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","author":"Richard Hooker","url":"/works/hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity/#hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity-q3","title":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","text":"HE that goeth about to persuade a multitude, that they are not so well governed as they ought to be, shall never want attentive and favourable hearers","work":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","author":"Richard Hooker","url":"/works/hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity/#hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity-q4","title":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","text":"All things that are, have some operation not violent or casual.","work":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","author":"Richard Hooker","url":"/works/hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity/#hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity-q5","title":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","text":"And the light of that eye, is reason. So that two principal fountains there are of human action, Knowledge and Will;","work":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","author":"Richard Hooker","url":"/works/hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity/#hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity-q6","title":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","text":"The general and perpetual voice of men is as the sentence of God himself.","work":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","author":"Richard Hooker","url":"/works/hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity/#hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity-q7","title":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","text":"Laws they are not therefore which public approbation hath not made so.","work":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","author":"Richard Hooker","url":"/works/hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity/#hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity-q8","title":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","text":"of Law there can be no less acknowledged, than that her seat is the bosom of God, her voice the harmony of the world","work":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","author":"Richard Hooker","url":"/works/hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity/#hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"old-yeller-q1","title":"Old Yeller","text":"We called him Old Yeller. The name had a sort of double meaning.","work":"Old Yeller","author":"Fred Gipson","url":"/works/old-yeller/#old-yeller-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"oliver-twist-q1","title":"Oliver Twist","text":"Please, sir, I want some more.","work":"Oliver Twist","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/oliver-twist/#oliver-twist-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"oliver-twist-q2","title":"Oliver Twist","text":"Child as he was, he was desperate with hunger, and reckless with misery.","work":"Oliver Twist","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/oliver-twist/#oliver-twist-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"oliver-twist-q3","title":"Oliver Twist","text":"The blessing was from a young child’s lips, but it was the first that Oliver had ever heard invoked upon his head","work":"Oliver Twist","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/oliver-twist/#oliver-twist-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"oliver-twist-q4","title":"Oliver Twist","text":"I thieved for you when I was a child not half as old as this!","work":"Oliver Twist","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/oliver-twist/#oliver-twist-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"oliver-twist-q5","title":"Oliver Twist","text":"Do not close your heart against all my efforts to help you","work":"Oliver Twist","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/oliver-twist/#oliver-twist-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"oliver-twist-q6","title":"Oliver Twist","text":"the law is a ass—a idiot.","work":"Oliver Twist","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/oliver-twist/#oliver-twist-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"oliver-twist-q7","title":"Oliver Twist","text":"Oh! God forgive this wretched man!","work":"Oliver Twist","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/oliver-twist/#oliver-twist-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"olmstead-v-lc-q1","title":"Olmstead v. L. C.","text":"Unjustified isolation, we hold, is properly regarded as discrimination based on disability.","work":"Olmstead v. L. C.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/olmstead-v-lc/#olmstead-v-lc-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"olmstead-v-lc-q2","title":"Olmstead v. L. C.","text":"First, institutional placement of persons who can handle and benefit from community settings perpetuates unwarranted assumptions that persons so isolated are incapable or unworthy of participating in community life.","work":"Olmstead v. L. C.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/olmstead-v-lc/#olmstead-v-lc-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"olmstead-v-lc-q3","title":"Olmstead v. L. C.","text":"Second, confinement in an institution severely diminishes the everyday life activities of individuals, including family relations, social contacts, work options, economic independence, educational advancement, and cultural enrichment.","work":"Olmstead v. L. C.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/olmstead-v-lc/#olmstead-v-lc-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"olmstead-v-lc-q4","title":"Olmstead v. L. C.","text":"It must be remembered that for the person with severe mental illness who has no treatment the most dreaded of confinements can be the imprisonment inflicted by his own mind, which shuts reality out and subjects him to the torment of voices and images beyond our own powers to describe.","work":"Olmstead v. L. C.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/olmstead-v-lc/#olmstead-v-lc-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"olmstead-v-lc-q5","title":"Olmstead v. L. C.","text":"Temporary exclusion from community placement does not amount to \"discrimination\" in the traditional sense of the word, nor have respondents shown that petitioners \"discriminated\" against them \"by reason of\" their disabilities.","work":"Olmstead v. L. C.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/olmstead-v-lc/#olmstead-v-lc-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"olmstead-v-lc-q6","title":"Olmstead v. L. C.","text":"At bottom, the type of claim approved of by the majority does not concern a prohibition against certain conduct (the traditional understanding of discrimination), but rather imposition of a standard of care.","work":"Olmstead v. L. C.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/olmstead-v-lc/#olmstead-v-lc-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-on-duties-q1","title":"On Duties (De Officiis)","text":"But (as has been strikingly said by Plato) we are not born for ourselves alone, and our country claims her share, and our friends their share of us","work":"On Duties (De Officiis)","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-on-duties/#cicero-on-duties-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-on-duties-q2","title":"On Duties (De Officiis)","text":"Now the foundation of justice is faithfulness, which is a perseverance and truth in all our declarations and in all our promises.","work":"On Duties (De Officiis)","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-on-duties/#cicero-on-duties-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-on-duties-q3","title":"On Duties (De Officiis)","text":"fraud being the property of a fox, force that of a lion ; both are utterly repugnant to society, but fraud is the more detestable.","work":"On Duties (De Officiis)","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-on-duties/#cicero-on-duties-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-on-duties-q4","title":"On Duties (De Officiis)","text":"we ought to regard, to cultivate, and to promote the good will and the social welfare of all mankind.","work":"On Duties (De Officiis)","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-on-duties/#cicero-on-duties-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-on-duties-q5","title":"On Duties (De Officiis)","text":"Now, of all things there is none more adapted for supporting and retaining our influence than to be loved, nor more prejudicial than to be feared.","work":"On Duties (De Officiis)","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-on-duties/#cicero-on-duties-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-on-duties-q6","title":"On Duties (De Officiis)","text":"that he was never less at leisure than when at leisure, nor less alone than when he was alone.","work":"On Duties (De Officiis)","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-on-duties/#cicero-on-duties-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-on-duties-q7","title":"On Duties (De Officiis)","text":"nothing is expedient which is not likewise virtuous","work":"On Duties (De Officiis)","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-on-duties/#cicero-on-duties-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-friendship-q1","title":"On Friendship","text":"If a man urge me to tell wherefore I loved him, I feel it cannot be expressed, but by answering; Because it was he, because it was my selfe.","work":"On Friendship","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/on-friendship/#on-friendship-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-his-blindness-q1","title":"On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX)","text":"When I consider how my light is spent Ere half my days in this dark world and wide,","work":"On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX)","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/on-his-blindness/#on-his-blindness-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-his-blindness-q2","title":"On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX)","text":"And that one talent which is death to hide Lodged with me useless,","work":"On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX)","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/on-his-blindness/#on-his-blindness-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-his-blindness-q3","title":"On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX)","text":"\"Doth God exact day-labor, light denied?\" I fondly ask.","work":"On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX)","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/on-his-blindness/#on-his-blindness-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-his-blindness-q4","title":"On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX)","text":"God doth not need Either man's work or his own gifts. Who best Bear his mild yoke, they serve him best.","work":"On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX)","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/on-his-blindness/#on-his-blindness-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-his-blindness-q5","title":"On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX)","text":"They also serve who only stand and wait.","work":"On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX)","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/on-his-blindness/#on-his-blindness-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-liberty-q1","title":"On Liberty","text":"That principle is, that the sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-protection","work":"On Liberty","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/on-liberty/#on-liberty-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-liberty-q2","title":"On Liberty","text":"His own good, either physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant","work":"On Liberty","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/on-liberty/#on-liberty-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-liberty-q3","title":"On Liberty","text":"Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign","work":"On Liberty","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/on-liberty/#on-liberty-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-liberty-q4","title":"On Liberty","text":"If all mankind minus one, were of one opinion, and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person, than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind","work":"On Liberty","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/on-liberty/#on-liberty-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-liberty-q5","title":"On Liberty","text":"if it is not fully, frequently, and fearlessly discussed, it will be held as a dead dogma, not a living truth","work":"On Liberty","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/on-liberty/#on-liberty-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-liberty-q6","title":"On Liberty","text":"He who lets the world, or his own portion of it, choose his plan of life for him, has no need of any other faculty than the ape-like one of imitation","work":"On Liberty","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/on-liberty/#on-liberty-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-liberty-q7","title":"On Liberty","text":"Human nature is not a machine to be built after a model, and set to do exactly the work prescribed for it, but a tree, which requires to grow and develop itself on all sides, according to the tendency of the inward forces which make it a living thing","work":"On Liberty","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/on-liberty/#on-liberty-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-liberty-q8","title":"On Liberty","text":"they are in peril of a commission _de lunatico_, and of having their property taken from them and given to their relations","work":"On Liberty","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/on-liberty/#on-liberty-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-liberty-q9","title":"On Liberty","text":"If poisons were never bought or used for any purpose except the commission of murder, it would be right to prohibit their manufacture and sale","work":"On Liberty","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/on-liberty/#on-liberty-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-liberty-q10","title":"On Liberty","text":"But to require in all cases the certificate of a medical practitioner, would make it sometimes impossible, always expensive, to obtain the article for legitimate uses","work":"On Liberty","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/on-liberty/#on-liberty-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-liberty-q11","title":"On Liberty","text":"Drunkenness, for example, in ordinary cases, is not a fit subject for legislative interference","work":"On Liberty","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/on-liberty/#on-liberty-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-liberty-q12","title":"On Liberty","text":"The principle of freedom cannot require that he should be free not to be free. It is not freedom, to be allowed to alienate his freedom","work":"On Liberty","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/on-liberty/#on-liberty-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"gilbert-de-magnete-q1","title":"On the Magnet (De Magnete)","text":"But to you alone, true philosophizers, honest men, who seek knowledge not from books only but from things themselves, have I addressed these magnetical principles in this new sort of Philosophizing.","work":"On the Magnet (De Magnete)","author":"William Gilbert","url":"/works/gilbert-de-magnete/#gilbert-de-magnete-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"gilbert-de-magnete-q2","title":"On the Magnet (De Magnete)","text":"for nothing hath been set down in these books which hath not been explored and many times performed and repeated amongst us.","work":"On the Magnet (De Magnete)","author":"William Gilbert","url":"/works/gilbert-de-magnete/#gilbert-de-magnete-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"gilbert-de-magnete-q3","title":"On the Magnet (De Magnete)","text":"To those early forefathers of philosophy, Aristotle, Theophrastus, Ptolemy, Hippocrates, and Galen, let due honour be ever paid: for by them wisdom hath been diffused to posterity; but our age hath detected and brought to light very many facts which they, were they now alive, would gladly have accepted.","work":"On the Magnet (De Magnete)","author":"William Gilbert","url":"/works/gilbert-de-magnete/#gilbert-de-magnete-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"gilbert-de-magnete-q4","title":"On the Magnet (De Magnete)","text":"The application of a loadstone for all sorts of headaches no more cures them (as some make out) than would an iron helmet or a steel cap.","work":"On the Magnet (De Magnete)","author":"William Gilbert","url":"/works/gilbert-de-magnete/#gilbert-de-magnete-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"gilbert-de-magnete-q5","title":"On the Magnet (De Magnete)","text":"we have to establish & present to the view of the learned our New & unheard of doctrine about the earth","work":"On the Magnet (De Magnete)","author":"William Gilbert","url":"/works/gilbert-de-magnete/#gilbert-de-magnete-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"gilbert-de-magnete-q6","title":"On the Magnet (De Magnete)","text":"make yourself a versorium of any metal you like, three or four digits in length, resting rather lightly on its point of support after the manner of a magnetick needle","work":"On the Magnet (De Magnete)","author":"William Gilbert","url":"/works/gilbert-de-magnete/#gilbert-de-magnete-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"gilbert-de-magnete-q7","title":"On the Magnet (De Magnete)","text":"A loadstone is a wonderful thing in very many experiments, and like a living creature.","work":"On the Magnet (De Magnete)","author":"William Gilbert","url":"/works/gilbert-de-magnete/#gilbert-de-magnete-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood-q1","title":"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)","text":"I profess both to learn and to teach anatomy, not from books but from dissections; not from the positions of philosophers but from the fabric of nature","work":"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)","author":"William Harvey","url":"/works/harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood/#harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood-q2","title":"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)","text":"I found the task so truly arduous, so full of difficulties, that I was almost tempted to think, with Fracastorius, that the motion of the heart was only to be comprehended by God.","work":"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)","author":"William Harvey","url":"/works/harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood/#harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood-q3","title":"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)","text":"so much doth wont and custom become a second nature. Doctrine once sown strikes deep its root, and respect for antiquity influences all men. Still the die is cast, and my trust is in my love of truth and the candour of cultivated minds.","work":"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)","author":"William Harvey","url":"/works/harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood/#harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood-q4","title":"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)","text":"I began to think whether there might not be a MOTION, AS IT WERE, IN A CIRCLE.","work":"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)","author":"William Harvey","url":"/works/harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood/#harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood-q5","title":"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)","text":"The heart, consequently, is the beginning of life; the sun of the microcosm, even as the sun in his turn might well be designated the heart of the world","work":"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)","author":"William Harvey","url":"/works/harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood/#harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood-q6","title":"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)","text":"It could be furnished in no other way than by making a circuit and returning.","work":"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)","author":"William Harvey","url":"/works/harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood/#harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood-q7","title":"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)","text":"it is absolutely necessary to conclude that the blood in the animal body is impelled in a circle, and is in a state of ceaseless motion","work":"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)","author":"William Harvey","url":"/works/harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood/#harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-the-origin-of-species-q1","title":"On the Origin of Species","text":"Nothing is easier than to admit in words the truth of the universal struggle for life, or more difficult—at least I have found it so—than constantly to bear this conclusion in mind","work":"On the Origin of Species","author":"Charles Darwin","url":"/works/on-the-origin-of-species/#on-the-origin-of-species-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-the-origin-of-species-q2","title":"On the Origin of Species","text":"There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one","work":"On the Origin of Species","author":"Charles Darwin","url":"/works/on-the-origin-of-species/#on-the-origin-of-species-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-the-origin-of-species-q3","title":"On the Origin of Species","text":"from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved","work":"On the Origin of Species","author":"Charles Darwin","url":"/works/on-the-origin-of-species/#on-the-origin-of-species-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-war-q1","title":"On War","text":"War is nothing but a duel on an extensive scale","work":"On War","author":"Carl von Clausewitz","url":"/works/on-war/#on-war-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-war-q2","title":"On War","text":"War therefore is an act of violence intended to compel our opponent to fulfil our will","work":"On War","author":"Carl von Clausewitz","url":"/works/on-war/#on-war-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-war-q3","title":"On War","text":"Now, philanthropists may easily imagine there is a skilful method of disarming and overcoming an enemy without great bloodshed, and that this is the proper tendency of the Art of War","work":"On War","author":"Carl von Clausewitz","url":"/works/on-war/#on-war-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-war-q4","title":"On War","text":"War is not merely a political act, but also a real political instrument, a continuation of political commerce, a carrying out of the same by other means","work":"On War","author":"Carl von Clausewitz","url":"/works/on-war/#on-war-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-war-q5","title":"On War","text":"a wonderful trinity, composed of the original violence of its elements, hatred and animosity, which may be looked upon as blind instinct; of the play of probabilities and chance, which make it a free activity of the soul; and of the subordinate nature of a political instrument, by which it belongs purely to the reason","work":"On War","author":"Carl von Clausewitz","url":"/works/on-war/#on-war-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-war-q6","title":"On War","text":"War is the province of uncertainty: three-fourths of those things upon which action in War must be calculated, are hidden more or less in the clouds of great uncertainty","work":"On War","author":"Carl von Clausewitz","url":"/works/on-war/#on-war-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-war-q7","title":"On War","text":"The young soldier cannot reach any of these different strata of danger without feeling that the light of reason does not move here in the same medium, that it is not refracted in the same manner as in speculative contemplation","work":"On War","author":"Carl von Clausewitz","url":"/works/on-war/#on-war-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-war-q8","title":"On War","text":"By this comes to light for the inexperienced eye one of those things which put fetters in the dark, as it were, on the action of the mind, and wear out in secret the powers of the soul","work":"On War","author":"Carl von Clausewitz","url":"/works/on-war/#on-war-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-war-q9","title":"On War","text":"Everything is very simple in War, but the simplest thing is difficult","work":"On War","author":"Carl von Clausewitz","url":"/works/on-war/#on-war-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-war-q10","title":"On War","text":"Habit gives strength to the body in great exertion, to the mind in great danger, to the judgment against first impressions","work":"On War","author":"Carl von Clausewitz","url":"/works/on-war/#on-war-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-war-q11","title":"On War","text":"How many trifling illnesses by that means become serious, how many serious ones become mortal","work":"On War","author":"Carl von Clausewitz","url":"/works/on-war/#on-war-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"on-war-q12","title":"On War","text":"It has certainly a grammar of its own, but its logic is not peculiar to itself","work":"On War","author":"Carl von Clausewitz","url":"/works/on-war/#on-war-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"one-day-in-the-life-of-ivan-denisovich-q1","title":"One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich","text":"The hammer banged reveille on the rail outside camp HQ at five o'clock as always. Time to get up.","work":"One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich","author":"Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn","url":"/works/one-day-in-the-life-of-ivan-denisovich/#one-day-in-the-life-of-ivan-denisovich-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"newton-opticks-q1","title":"Opticks","text":"My Design in this Book is not to explain the Properties of Light by Hypotheses, but to propose and prove them by Reason and Experiments","work":"Opticks","author":"Isaac Newton","url":"/works/newton-opticks/#newton-opticks-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"newton-opticks-q2","title":"Opticks","text":"For the Rays to speak properly are not coloured. In them there is nothing else than a certain Power and Disposition to stir up a Sensation of this or that Colour.","work":"Opticks","author":"Isaac Newton","url":"/works/newton-opticks/#newton-opticks-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"newton-opticks-q3","title":"Opticks","text":"the whiteness of the Sun's Light is compounded of all the primary Colours mix'd in a due Proportion.","work":"Opticks","author":"Isaac Newton","url":"/works/newton-opticks/#newton-opticks-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"newton-opticks-q4","title":"Opticks","text":"the main Business of natural Philosophy is to argue from Phaenomena without feigning Hypotheses, and to deduce Causes from Effects, till we come to the very first Cause, which certainly is not mechanical","work":"Opticks","author":"Isaac Newton","url":"/works/newton-opticks/#newton-opticks-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"newton-opticks-q5","title":"Opticks","text":"Was the Eye contrived without Skill in Opticks, and the Ear without Knowledge of Sounds?","work":"Opticks","author":"Isaac Newton","url":"/works/newton-opticks/#newton-opticks-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"newton-opticks-q6","title":"Opticks","text":"And though every true Step made in this Philosophy brings us not immediately to the Knowledge of the first Cause, yet it brings us nearer to it, and on that account is to be highly valued.","work":"Opticks","author":"Isaac Newton","url":"/works/newton-opticks/#newton-opticks-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"newton-opticks-q7","title":"Opticks","text":"it seems probable to me, that God in the Beginning form'd Matter in solid, massy, hard, impenetrable, moveable Particles, of such Sizes and Figures, and with such other Properties, and in such Proportion to Space, as most conduced to the End for which he form'd them","work":"Opticks","author":"Isaac Newton","url":"/works/newton-opticks/#newton-opticks-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"newton-opticks-q8","title":"Opticks","text":"And if natural Philosophy in all its Parts, by pursuing this Method, shall at length be perfected, the Bounds of Moral Philosophy will be also enlarged.","work":"Opticks","author":"Isaac Newton","url":"/works/newton-opticks/#newton-opticks-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"d-day-order-of-the-day-q1","title":"Order of the Day, 6 June 1944","text":"You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have striven these many months.","work":"Order of the Day, 6 June 1944","author":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","url":"/works/d-day-order-of-the-day/#d-day-order-of-the-day-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"d-day-order-of-the-day-q2","title":"Order of the Day, 6 June 1944","text":"The eyes of the world are upon you. The hope and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you.","work":"Order of the Day, 6 June 1944","author":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","url":"/works/d-day-order-of-the-day/#d-day-order-of-the-day-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"d-day-order-of-the-day-q3","title":"Order of the Day, 6 June 1944","text":"Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle-hardened. He will fight savagely.","work":"Order of the Day, 6 June 1944","author":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","url":"/works/d-day-order-of-the-day/#d-day-order-of-the-day-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"d-day-order-of-the-day-q4","title":"Order of the Day, 6 June 1944","text":"The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to Victory!","work":"Order of the Day, 6 June 1944","author":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","url":"/works/d-day-order-of-the-day/#d-day-order-of-the-day-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"d-day-order-of-the-day-q5","title":"Order of the Day, 6 June 1944","text":"I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle.","work":"Order of the Day, 6 June 1944","author":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","url":"/works/d-day-order-of-the-day/#d-day-order-of-the-day-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"d-day-order-of-the-day-q6","title":"Order of the Day, 6 June 1944","text":"And let us beseech the blessing of Almighty God upon this great and noble undertaking.","work":"Order of the Day, 6 June 1944","author":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","url":"/works/d-day-order-of-the-day/#d-day-order-of-the-day-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"orlando-q1","title":"Orlando: A Biography","text":"He--for there could be no doubt of his sex, though the fashion of the time did something to disguise it--was in the act of slicing at the head of a Moor which swung from the rafters.","work":"Orlando: A Biography","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/orlando/#orlando-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"orlando-q2","title":"Orlando: A Biography","text":"For the philosopher is right who says that nothing thicker than a knife's blade separates happiness from melancholy","work":"Orlando: A Biography","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/orlando/#orlando-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"orlando-q3","title":"Orlando: A Biography","text":"This extraordinary discrepancy between time on the clock and time in the mind is less known than it should be and deserves fuller investigation.","work":"Orlando: A Biography","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/orlando/#orlando-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"orlando-q4","title":"Orlando: A Biography","text":"Orlando had become a woman--there is no denying it. But in every other respect, Orlando remained precisely as he had been.","work":"Orlando: A Biography","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/orlando/#orlando-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"orlando-q5","title":"Orlando: A Biography","text":"Vain trifles as they seem, clothes have, they say, more important offices than merely to keep us warm. They change our view of the world and the world's view of us.","work":"Orlando: A Biography","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/orlando/#orlando-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"orlando-q6","title":"Orlando: A Biography","text":"Life? Literature? One to be made into the other? But how monstrously difficult!","work":"Orlando: A Biography","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/orlando/#orlando-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"orlando-q7","title":"Orlando: A Biography","text":"And the twelfth stroke of midnight sounded; the twelfth stroke of midnight, Thursday, the eleventh of October, Nineteen hundred and Twenty Eight.","work":"Orlando: A Biography","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/orlando/#orlando-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"chesterton-orthodoxy-q1","title":"Orthodoxy","text":"I did try to found a heresy of my own; and when I had put the last touches to it, I discovered that it was orthodoxy.","work":"Orthodoxy","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/chesterton-orthodoxy/#chesterton-orthodoxy-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"chesterton-orthodoxy-q2","title":"Orthodoxy","text":"The madman is not the man who has lost his reason. The madman is the man who has lost everything except his reason.","work":"Orthodoxy","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/chesterton-orthodoxy/#chesterton-orthodoxy-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"chesterton-orthodoxy-q3","title":"Orthodoxy","text":"The poet only asks to get his head into the heavens. It is the logician who seeks to get the heavens into his head. And it is his head that splits.","work":"Orthodoxy","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/chesterton-orthodoxy/#chesterton-orthodoxy-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"chesterton-orthodoxy-q4","title":"Orthodoxy","text":"Tradition means giving votes to the most obscure of all classes, our ancestors. It is the democracy of the dead.","work":"Orthodoxy","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/chesterton-orthodoxy/#chesterton-orthodoxy-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"chesterton-orthodoxy-q5","title":"Orthodoxy","text":"It may be that He has the eternal appetite of infancy; for we have sinned and grown old, and our Father is younger than we.","work":"Orthodoxy","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/chesterton-orthodoxy/#chesterton-orthodoxy-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"chesterton-orthodoxy-q6","title":"Orthodoxy","text":"Not only is suicide a sin, it is the sin.","work":"Orthodoxy","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/chesterton-orthodoxy/#chesterton-orthodoxy-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"chesterton-orthodoxy-q7","title":"Orthodoxy","text":"Christianity got over the difficulty of combining furious opposites, by keeping them both, and keeping them both furious.","work":"Orthodoxy","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/chesterton-orthodoxy/#chesterton-orthodoxy-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"chesterton-orthodoxy-q8","title":"Orthodoxy","text":"There was some one thing that was too great for God to show us when He walked upon our earth; and I have sometimes fancied that it was His mirth.","work":"Orthodoxy","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/chesterton-orthodoxy/#chesterton-orthodoxy-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"othello-q1","title":"Othello","text":"I am not what I am.","work":"Othello","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/othello/#othello-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"othello-q2","title":"Othello","text":"She lov’d me for the dangers I had pass’d, And I lov’d her that she did pity them.","work":"Othello","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/othello/#othello-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"othello-q3","title":"Othello","text":"I do perceive here a divided duty","work":"Othello","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/othello/#othello-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"othello-q4","title":"Othello","text":"O God, that men should put an enemy in their mouths to steal away their brains!","work":"Othello","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/othello/#othello-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"othello-q5","title":"Othello","text":"O, beware, my lord, of jealousy; It is the green-ey’d monster which doth mock The meat it feeds on.","work":"Othello","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/othello/#othello-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"othello-q6","title":"Othello","text":"Not poppy, nor mandragora, Nor all the drowsy syrups of the world, Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep Which thou ow’dst yesterday.","work":"Othello","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/othello/#othello-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"othello-q7","title":"Othello","text":"Nobody; I myself. Farewell. Commend me to my kind lord. O, farewell!","work":"Othello","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/othello/#othello-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"othello-q8","title":"Othello","text":"Of one that loved not wisely, but too well;","work":"Othello","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/othello/#othello-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"ozymandias-q1","title":"Ozymandias","text":"I met a traveller from an antique land","work":"Ozymandias","author":"Percy Bysshe Shelley","url":"/works/ozymandias/#ozymandias-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"ozymandias-q2","title":"Ozymandias","text":"whose frown, And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command,","work":"Ozymandias","author":"Percy Bysshe Shelley","url":"/works/ozymandias/#ozymandias-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"ozymandias-q3","title":"Ozymandias","text":"The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed:","work":"Ozymandias","author":"Percy Bysshe Shelley","url":"/works/ozymandias/#ozymandias-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"ozymandias-q4","title":"Ozymandias","text":"‘My name is Ozymandias, king of kings: Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!’","work":"Ozymandias","author":"Percy Bysshe Shelley","url":"/works/ozymandias/#ozymandias-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"ozymandias-q5","title":"Ozymandias","text":"Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away.","work":"Ozymandias","author":"Percy Bysshe Shelley","url":"/works/ozymandias/#ozymandias-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"paradise-lost-q1","title":"Paradise Lost","text":"Of Man’s first disobedience, and the fruit Of that forbidden tree whose mortal taste Brought death into the World, and all our woe","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#paradise-lost-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"paradise-lost-q2","title":"Paradise Lost","text":"I may assert Eternal Providence, And justify the ways of God to men","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#paradise-lost-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"paradise-lost-q3","title":"Paradise Lost","text":"The mind is its own place, and in itself Can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heaven","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#paradise-lost-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"paradise-lost-q4","title":"Paradise Lost","text":"Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#paradise-lost-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"paradise-lost-q5","title":"Paradise Lost","text":"Sufficient to have stood, though free to fall","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#paradise-lost-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"paradise-lost-q6","title":"Paradise Lost","text":"So much the rather thou, celestial Light, Shine inward, and the mind through all her powers Irradiate; there plant eyes","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#paradise-lost-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"paradise-lost-q7","title":"Paradise Lost","text":"Which way I fly is Hell; myself am Hell","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#paradise-lost-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"paradise-lost-q8","title":"Paradise Lost","text":"So farewell, hope; and with hope farewell, fear; Farewell, remorse! all good to me is lost; Evil, be thou my good","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#paradise-lost-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"paradise-lost-q9","title":"Paradise Lost","text":"Abashed the Devil stood, And felt how awful goodness is, and saw Virtue in her shape how lovely","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#paradise-lost-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"paradise-lost-q10","title":"Paradise Lost","text":"So spake the Seraph Abdiel, faithful found Among the faithless, faithful only he","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#paradise-lost-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"paradise-lost-q11","title":"Paradise Lost","text":"Earth felt the wound; and Nature from her seat, Sighing through all her works, gave signs of woe, That all was lost","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#paradise-lost-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"paradise-lost-q12","title":"Paradise Lost","text":"O Goodness infinite, Goodness immense! That all this good of evil shall produce, And evil turn to good","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#paradise-lost-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"paradise-lost-q13","title":"Paradise Lost","text":"then wilt thou not be loth To leave this Paradise, but shalt possess A Paradise within thee, happier far","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#paradise-lost-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"paradise-lost-q14","title":"Paradise Lost","text":"The world was all before them, where to choose Their place of rest, and Providence their guide: They, hand in hand, with wandering steps and slow, Through Eden took their solitary way","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#paradise-lost-q14"},{"type":"quote","id":"patriarcha-q1","title":"Patriarcha","text":"Mankind is naturally endowed and born with Freedom from all Subjection, and at liberty to choose what Form of Government it please","work":"Patriarcha","author":"Robert Filmer","url":"/works/patriarcha/#patriarcha-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"patriarcha-q2","title":"Patriarcha","text":"That the desire of Liberty was the first Cause of the Fall of Adam.","work":"Patriarcha","author":"Robert Filmer","url":"/works/patriarcha/#patriarcha-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"patriarcha-q3","title":"Patriarcha","text":"This Lordship which Adam by Command had over the whole World, and by Right descending from him the Patriarchs did enjoy, was as large and ample as the Absolutest Dominion of any Monarch which hath been since the Creation","work":"Patriarcha","author":"Robert Filmer","url":"/works/patriarcha/#patriarcha-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"patriarcha-q4","title":"Patriarcha","text":"the Ministry of men who execute God's Judgments without Commission, is sinful and damnable.","work":"Patriarcha","author":"Robert Filmer","url":"/works/patriarcha/#patriarcha-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"patriarcha-q5","title":"Patriarcha","text":"all the Duties of a King are summed up in an Universal Fatherly Care of his People.","work":"Patriarcha","author":"Robert Filmer","url":"/works/patriarcha/#patriarcha-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"patriarcha-q6","title":"Patriarcha","text":"the Original of Laws was for the keeping of the Multitude in Order","work":"Patriarcha","author":"Robert Filmer","url":"/works/patriarcha/#patriarcha-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"patriarcha-q7","title":"Patriarcha","text":"the Prerogative of a King is to be above all Laws, for the good only of them that are under the Laws, and to defend the Peoples Liberties","work":"Patriarcha","author":"Robert Filmer","url":"/works/patriarcha/#patriarcha-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"paul-reveres-ride-q1","title":"Paul Revere's Ride","text":"Listen, my children, and you shall hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere, On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five;","work":"Paul Revere's Ride","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/paul-reveres-ride/#paul-reveres-ride-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"paul-reveres-ride-q2","title":"Paul Revere's Ride","text":"One, if by land, and two, if by sea;","work":"Paul Revere's Ride","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/paul-reveres-ride/#paul-reveres-ride-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"paul-reveres-ride-q3","title":"Paul Revere's Ride","text":"A phantom ship, with each mast and spar Across the moon like a prison bar,","work":"Paul Revere's Ride","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/paul-reveres-ride/#paul-reveres-ride-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"paul-reveres-ride-q4","title":"Paul Revere's Ride","text":"That was all! And yet, through the gloom and the light, The fate of a nation was riding that night; And the spark struck out by that steed, in his flight, Kindled the land into flame with its heat.","work":"Paul Revere's Ride","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/paul-reveres-ride/#paul-reveres-ride-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"paul-reveres-ride-q5","title":"Paul Revere's Ride","text":"It was one by the village clock, When he galloped into Lexington.","work":"Paul Revere's Ride","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/paul-reveres-ride/#paul-reveres-ride-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"paul-reveres-ride-q6","title":"Paul Revere's Ride","text":"A cry of defiance and not of fear, A voice in the darkness, a knock at the door, And a word that shall echo forevermore!","work":"Paul Revere's Ride","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/paul-reveres-ride/#paul-reveres-ride-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"paul-reveres-ride-q7","title":"Paul Revere's Ride","text":"In the hour of darkness and peril and need, The people will waken and listen to hear The hurrying hoof-beats of that steed, And the midnight message of Paul Revere.","work":"Paul Revere's Ride","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/paul-reveres-ride/#paul-reveres-ride-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"pearl-harbor-address-q1","title":"Pearl Harbor Address (\"A Date Which Will Live in Infamy\")","text":"Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.","work":"Pearl Harbor Address (\"A Date Which Will Live in Infamy\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/pearl-harbor-address/#pearl-harbor-address-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"pearl-harbor-address-q2","title":"Pearl Harbor Address (\"A Date Which Will Live in Infamy\")","text":"Last night Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. Last night Japanese forces attacked Guam. Last night Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.","work":"Pearl Harbor Address (\"A Date Which Will Live in Infamy\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/pearl-harbor-address/#pearl-harbor-address-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"pearl-harbor-address-q3","title":"Pearl Harbor Address (\"A Date Which Will Live in Infamy\")","text":"The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves.","work":"Pearl Harbor Address (\"A Date Which Will Live in Infamy\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/pearl-harbor-address/#pearl-harbor-address-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"pearl-harbor-address-q4","title":"Pearl Harbor Address (\"A Date Which Will Live in Infamy\")","text":"No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.","work":"Pearl Harbor Address (\"A Date Which Will Live in Infamy\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/pearl-harbor-address/#pearl-harbor-address-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"pearl-harbor-address-q5","title":"Pearl Harbor Address (\"A Date Which Will Live in Infamy\")","text":"Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger.","work":"Pearl Harbor Address (\"A Date Which Will Live in Infamy\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/pearl-harbor-address/#pearl-harbor-address-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"pearl-harbor-address-q6","title":"Pearl Harbor Address (\"A Date Which Will Live in Infamy\")","text":"With confidence in our armed forces—with the unbounding determination of our people—we will gain the inevitable triumph- so help us God.","work":"Pearl Harbor Address (\"A Date Which Will Live in Infamy\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/pearl-harbor-address/#pearl-harbor-address-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"pearl-harbor-address-q7","title":"Pearl Harbor Address (\"A Date Which Will Live in Infamy\")","text":"I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire.","work":"Pearl Harbor Address (\"A Date Which Will Live in Infamy\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/pearl-harbor-address/#pearl-harbor-address-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"pensees-q1","title":"Pensees","text":"Imagination.--It is that deceitful part in man, that mistress of error and falsity, the more deceptive that she is not always so","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#pensees-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"pensees-q2","title":"Pensees","text":"She makes men happy and sad, healthy and sick, rich and poor","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#pensees-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"pensees-q3","title":"Pensees","text":"If magistrates had true justice, and if physicians had the true art of healing, they would have no occasion for square caps","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#pensees-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"pensees-q4","title":"Pensees","text":"We have another source of error in diseases. They spoil the judgment and the senses","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#pensees-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"pensees-q5","title":"Pensees","text":"When we are well we wonder what we would do if we were ill, but when we are ill we take medicine cheerfully; the illness persuades us to do so","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#pensees-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"pensees-q6","title":"Pensees","text":"Nothing is so insufferable to man as to be completely at rest, without passions, without business, without diversion, without study","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#pensees-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"pensees-q7","title":"Pensees","text":"I have discovered that all the unhappiness of men arises from one single fact, that they cannot stay quietly in their own chamber","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#pensees-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"pensees-q8","title":"Pensees","text":"Cleopatra's nose: had it been shorter, the whole aspect of the world would have been altered","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#pensees-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"pensees-q9","title":"Pensees","text":"The eternal silence of these infinite spaces frightens me","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#pensees-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"pensees-q10","title":"Pensees","text":"If you gain, you gain all; if you lose, you lose nothing. Wager, then, without hesitation that He is","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#pensees-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"pensees-q11","title":"Pensees","text":"The heart has its reasons, which reason does not know","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#pensees-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"pensees-q12","title":"Pensees","text":"Man is but a reed, the most feeble thing in nature; but he is a thinking reed","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#pensees-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"pensees-q13","title":"Pensees","text":"Man is neither angel nor brute, and the unfortunate thing is that he who would act the angel acts the brute","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#pensees-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"pensees-q14","title":"Pensees","text":"Jesus will be in agony even to the end of the world. We must not sleep during that time","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#pensees-q14"},{"type":"quote","id":"pensees-q15","title":"Pensees","text":"Physicians will not heal thee, for thou wilt die at last. But it is I who heal thee, and make the body immortal","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#pensees-q15"},{"type":"quote","id":"pericles-funeral-oration-q1","title":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","text":"Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighbouring states; we are rather a pattern to others than imitators ourselves.","work":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","author":"Pericles","url":"/works/pericles-funeral-oration/#pericles-funeral-oration-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"pericles-funeral-oration-q2","title":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","text":"Its administration favours the many instead of the few; this is why it is called a democracy.","work":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","author":"Pericles","url":"/works/pericles-funeral-oration/#pericles-funeral-oration-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"pericles-funeral-oration-q3","title":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","text":"wealth we employ more for use than for show, and place the real disgrace of poverty not in owning to the fact but in declining the struggle against it.","work":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","author":"Pericles","url":"/works/pericles-funeral-oration/#pericles-funeral-oration-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"pericles-funeral-oration-q4","title":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","text":"instead of looking on discussion as a stumbling-block in the way of action, we think it an indispensable preliminary to any wise action at all.","work":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","author":"Pericles","url":"/works/pericles-funeral-oration/#pericles-funeral-oration-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"pericles-funeral-oration-q5","title":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","text":"In short, I say that as a city we are the school of Hellas","work":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","author":"Pericles","url":"/works/pericles-funeral-oration/#pericles-funeral-oration-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"pericles-funeral-oration-q6","title":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","text":"For heroes have the whole earth for their tomb","work":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","author":"Pericles","url":"/works/pericles-funeral-oration/#pericles-funeral-oration-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"pericles-funeral-oration-q7","title":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","text":"judging happiness to be the fruit of freedom and freedom of valour, never decline the dangers of war.","work":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","author":"Pericles","url":"/works/pericles-funeral-oration/#pericles-funeral-oration-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"pericles-funeral-oration-q8","title":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","text":"For it is only the love of honour that never grows old; and honour it is, not gain, as some would have it, that rejoices the heart of age and helplessness.","work":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","author":"Pericles","url":"/works/pericles-funeral-oration/#pericles-funeral-oration-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"kant-perpetual-peace-q1","title":"Perpetual Peace","text":"No treaty of peace shall be regarded as valid, if made with the secret reservation of material for a future war.","work":"Perpetual Peace","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-perpetual-peace/#kant-perpetual-peace-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"kant-perpetual-peace-q2","title":"Perpetual Peace","text":"The civil constitution of each state shall be republican.","work":"Perpetual Peace","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-perpetual-peace/#kant-perpetual-peace-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"kant-perpetual-peace-q3","title":"Perpetual Peace","text":"If, as must be so under this constitution, the consent of the subjects is required to determine whether there shall be war or not, nothing is more natural than that they should weigh the matter well, before undertaking such a bad business.","work":"Perpetual Peace","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-perpetual-peace/#kant-perpetual-peace-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"kant-perpetual-peace-q4","title":"Perpetual Peace","text":"The law of nations shall be founded on a federation of free states.","work":"Perpetual Peace","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-perpetual-peace/#kant-perpetual-peace-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"kant-perpetual-peace-q5","title":"Perpetual Peace","text":"a violation of right in one part of the world is felt all over it.","work":"Perpetual Peace","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-perpetual-peace/#kant-perpetual-peace-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"kant-perpetual-peace-q6","title":"Perpetual Peace","text":"The problem of the formation of the state, hard as it may sound, is not insoluble, even for a race of devils, granted that they have intelligence.","work":"Perpetual Peace","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-perpetual-peace/#kant-perpetual-peace-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"kant-perpetual-peace-q7","title":"Perpetual Peace","text":"Seek ye first the kingdom of pure practical reason and its righteousness, and the object of your endeavour, the blessing of perpetual peace, will be added unto you.","work":"Perpetual Peace","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-perpetual-peace/#kant-perpetual-peace-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"kant-perpetual-peace-q8","title":"Perpetual Peace","text":"All actions relating to the rights of other men are wrong, if the maxims from which they follow are inconsistent with publicity.","work":"Perpetual Peace","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-perpetual-peace/#kant-perpetual-peace-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"polanyi-personal-knowledge-q1","title":"Personal Knowledge","text":"into every act of knowing there enters a passionate contribution of the person knowing what is being known","work":"Personal Knowledge","author":"Michael Polanyi","url":"/works/polanyi-personal-knowledge/#polanyi-personal-knowledge-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"polanyi-personal-knowledge-q2","title":"Personal Knowledge","text":"this personal coefficient, which shapes all factual knowledge, bridges in doing so the disjunction between subjectivity and objectivity.","work":"Personal Knowledge","author":"Michael Polanyi","url":"/works/polanyi-personal-knowledge/#polanyi-personal-knowledge-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"personal-memoirs-q1","title":"Personal Memoirs","text":"Later I was reduced almost to the point of death, and it became impossible for me to attend to anything for weeks","work":"Personal Memoirs","author":"Ulysses S. Grant","url":"/works/personal-memoirs/#personal-memoirs-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"personal-memoirs-q2","title":"Personal Memoirs","text":"There was consumption in my father's family, two of his brothers having died of that disease, which made my symptoms more alarming","work":"Personal Memoirs","author":"Ulysses S. Grant","url":"/works/personal-memoirs/#personal-memoirs-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"personal-memoirs-q3","title":"Personal Memoirs","text":"For myself, I was bitterly opposed to the measure, and to this day regard the war, which resulted, as one of the most unjust ever waged by a stronger against a weaker nation","work":"Personal Memoirs","author":"Ulysses S. Grant","url":"/works/personal-memoirs/#personal-memoirs-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"personal-memoirs-q4","title":"Personal Memoirs","text":"Nations, like individuals, are punished for their transgressions","work":"Personal Memoirs","author":"Ulysses S. Grant","url":"/works/personal-memoirs/#personal-memoirs-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"personal-memoirs-q5","title":"Personal Memoirs","text":"About one-third of the people with me died, either at Cruces or on the way to Panama","work":"Personal Memoirs","author":"Ulysses S. Grant","url":"/works/personal-memoirs/#personal-memoirs-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"personal-memoirs-q6","title":"Personal Memoirs","text":"I managed to keep along very well until 1858, when I was attacked by fever and ague","work":"Personal Memoirs","author":"Ulysses S. Grant","url":"/works/personal-memoirs/#personal-memoirs-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"personal-memoirs-q7","title":"Personal Memoirs","text":"It occurred to me at once that Harris had been as much afraid of me as I had been of him","work":"Personal Memoirs","author":"Ulysses S. Grant","url":"/works/personal-memoirs/#personal-memoirs-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"personal-memoirs-q8","title":"Personal Memoirs","text":"The sight was more unendurable than encountering the enemy's fire, and I returned to my tree in the rain","work":"Personal Memoirs","author":"Ulysses S. Grant","url":"/works/personal-memoirs/#personal-memoirs-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"personal-memoirs-q9","title":"Personal Memoirs","text":"I have always regretted that the last assault at Cold Harbor was ever made","work":"Personal Memoirs","author":"Ulysses S. Grant","url":"/works/personal-memoirs/#personal-memoirs-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"personal-memoirs-q10","title":"Personal Memoirs","text":"I spent the night in bathing my feet in hot water and mustard, and putting mustard plasters on my wrists and the back part of my neck, hoping to be cured by morning","work":"Personal Memoirs","author":"Ulysses S. Grant","url":"/works/personal-memoirs/#personal-memoirs-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"personal-memoirs-q11","title":"Personal Memoirs","text":"When the officer reached me I was still suffering with the sick headache, but the instant I saw the contents of the note I was cured","work":"Personal Memoirs","author":"Ulysses S. Grant","url":"/works/personal-memoirs/#personal-memoirs-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"personal-memoirs-q12","title":"Personal Memoirs","text":"I felt like anything rather than rejoicing at the downfall of a foe who had fought so long and valiantly, and had suffered so much for a cause, though that cause was, I believe, one of the worst for which a people ever fought","work":"Personal Memoirs","author":"Ulysses S. Grant","url":"/works/personal-memoirs/#personal-memoirs-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"personal-memoirs-q13","title":"Personal Memoirs","text":"The universally kind feeling expressed for me at a time when it was supposed that each day would prove my last, seemed to me the beginning of the answer to \"Let us have peace","work":"Personal Memoirs","author":"Ulysses S. Grant","url":"/works/personal-memoirs/#personal-memoirs-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"persuasion-q1","title":"Persuasion","text":"Vanity was the beginning and the end of Sir Walter Elliot’s character; vanity of person and of situation","work":"Persuasion","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/persuasion/#persuasion-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"persuasion-q2","title":"Persuasion","text":"She had been forced into prudence in her youth, she learned romance as she grew older: the natural sequel of an unnatural beginning","work":"Persuasion","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/persuasion/#persuasion-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"persuasion-q3","title":"Persuasion","text":"There was no wound, no blood, no visible bruise; but her eyes were closed, she breathed not, her face was like death","work":"Persuasion","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/persuasion/#persuasion-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"persuasion-q4","title":"Persuasion","text":"Men have had every advantage of us in telling their own story. Education has been theirs in so much higher a degree; the pen has been in their hands","work":"Persuasion","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/persuasion/#persuasion-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"persuasion-q5","title":"Persuasion","text":"All the privilege I claim for my own sex (it is not a very enviable one; you need not covet it), is that of loving longest, when existence or when hope is gone","work":"Persuasion","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/persuasion/#persuasion-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"persuasion-q6","title":"Persuasion","text":"You pierce my soul. I am half agony, half hope","work":"Persuasion","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/persuasion/#persuasion-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"peter-pan-q1","title":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","text":"All children, except one, grow up.","work":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","author":"J. M. Barrie","url":"/works/peter-pan/#peter-pan-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"peter-pan-q2","title":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","text":"“You see, Wendy, when the first baby laughed for the first time, its laugh broke into a thousand pieces, and they all went skipping about, and that was the beginning of fairies.”","work":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","author":"J. M. Barrie","url":"/works/peter-pan/#peter-pan-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"peter-pan-q3","title":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","text":"“Second to the right,” said Peter, “and then straight on till morning.”","work":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","author":"J. M. Barrie","url":"/works/peter-pan/#peter-pan-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"peter-pan-q4","title":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","text":"It was saying, “To die will be an awfully big adventure.”","work":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","author":"J. M. Barrie","url":"/works/peter-pan/#peter-pan-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"peter-pan-q5","title":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","text":"“If you believe,” he shouted to them, “clap your hands; don’t let Tink die.”","work":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","author":"J. M. Barrie","url":"/works/peter-pan/#peter-pan-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"peter-pan-q6","title":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","text":"“Proud and insolent youth,” said Hook, “prepare to meet thy doom.”","work":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","author":"J. M. Barrie","url":"/works/peter-pan/#peter-pan-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"peter-pan-q7","title":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","text":"“I’m youth, I’m joy,” Peter answered at a venture, “I’m a little bird that has broken out of the egg.”","work":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","author":"J. M. Barrie","url":"/works/peter-pan/#peter-pan-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"peter-pan-q8","title":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","text":"It is only the gay and innocent and heartless who can fly.","work":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","author":"J. M. Barrie","url":"/works/peter-pan/#peter-pan-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"phaedrus-and-letters-vii-and-viii-q1","title":"Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII","text":"this discovery of yours will create forgetfulness in the learners' souls, because they will not use their memories","work":"Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII","author":"Plato","url":"/works/phaedrus-and-letters-vii-and-viii/#phaedrus-and-letters-vii-and-viii-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"phaedrus-and-letters-vii-and-viii-q2","title":"Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII","text":"Beloved Pan, and all ye other gods who haunt this place, give me beauty in the inward soul; and may the outward and inward man be at one","work":"Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII","author":"Plato","url":"/works/phaedrus-and-letters-vii-and-viii/#phaedrus-and-letters-vii-and-viii-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"wittgenstein-philosophical-investigations-q1","title":"Philosophical Investigations","text":"the meaning of a word is its use in the language","work":"Philosophical Investigations","author":"Ludwig Wittgenstein","url":"/works/wittgenstein-philosophical-investigations/#wittgenstein-philosophical-investigations-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"wittgenstein-philosophical-investigations-q2","title":"Philosophical Investigations","text":"a complicated network of similarities overlapping and criss-crossing","work":"Philosophical Investigations","author":"Ludwig Wittgenstein","url":"/works/wittgenstein-philosophical-investigations/#wittgenstein-philosophical-investigations-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"hempel-philosophy-of-natural-science-q1","title":"Philosophy of Natural Science","text":"He reasoned that if he were right, then childbed fever could be prevented by chemically destroying the infectious material adhering to the hands.","work":"Philosophy of Natural Science","author":"Carl G. Hempel","url":"/works/hempel-philosophy-of-natural-science/#hempel-philosophy-of-natural-science-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"hempel-philosophy-of-natural-science-q2","title":"Philosophy of Natural Science","text":"He therefore issued an order requiring all medical students to wash their hands in a solution of chlorinated lime before making an examination.","work":"Philosophy of Natural Science","author":"Carl G. Hempel","url":"/works/hempel-philosophy-of-natural-science/#hempel-philosophy-of-natural-science-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"hegel-philosophy-of-right-q1","title":"Philosophy of Right","text":"What is rational is real ; And what is real is rational.","work":"Philosophy of Right","author":"G. W. F. Hegel","url":"/works/hegel-philosophy-of-right/#hegel-philosophy-of-right-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"hegel-philosophy-of-right-q2","title":"Philosophy of Right","text":"As for the individual, every one is a son of his time ; so philosophy also is its time apprehended in thoughts.","work":"Philosophy of Right","author":"G. W. F. Hegel","url":"/works/hegel-philosophy-of-right/#hegel-philosophy-of-right-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"hegel-philosophy-of-right-q3","title":"Philosophy of Right","text":"When philosophy paints its grey in grey, one form of life has become old, and by means of grey it cannot be rejuvenated, but only known. The owl of Minerva takes its flight only when the shades of night are gathering.","work":"Philosophy of Right","author":"G. W. F. Hegel","url":"/works/hegel-philosophy-of-right/#hegel-philosophy-of-right-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"hegel-philosophy-of-right-q4","title":"Philosophy of Right","text":"Be a person and respect others as persons.","work":"Philosophy of Right","author":"G. W. F. Hegel","url":"/works/hegel-philosophy-of-right/#hegel-philosophy-of-right-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"hegel-philosophy-of-right-q5","title":"Philosophy of Right","text":"But conscience is the deepest internal solitude, from which both limit and the external have wholly disappeared.","work":"Philosophy of Right","author":"G. W. F. Hegel","url":"/works/hegel-philosophy-of-right/#hegel-philosophy-of-right-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"hegel-philosophy-of-right-q6","title":"Philosophy of Right","text":"The family is the direct substantive reality of spirit. The unity of the family is one of feeling, the feeling of love.","work":"Philosophy of Right","author":"G. W. F. Hegel","url":"/works/hegel-philosophy-of-right/#hegel-philosophy-of-right-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"hegel-philosophy-of-right-q7","title":"Philosophy of Right","text":"The state is the realized ethical idea or ethical spirit.","work":"Philosophy of Right","author":"G. W. F. Hegel","url":"/works/hegel-philosophy-of-right/#hegel-philosophy-of-right-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"hegel-philosophy-of-right-q8","title":"Philosophy of Right","text":"The history of the world is the world's court of judgment.","work":"Philosophy of Right","author":"G. W. F. Hegel","url":"/works/hegel-philosophy-of-right/#hegel-philosophy-of-right-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"pierce-v-society-of-sisters-q1","title":"Pierce v. Society of Sisters","text":"No question is raised concerning the power of the state reasonably to regulate all schools, to inspect, supervise and examine them, their teachers and pupils; to require that all children of proper age attend some school, that teachers shall be of good moral character and patriotic disposition, that certain studies plainly essential to good citizenship must be taught, and that nothing be taught which is manifestly inimical to the public welfare.","work":"Pierce v. Society of Sisters","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/pierce-v-society-of-sisters/#pierce-v-society-of-sisters-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"pierce-v-society-of-sisters-q2","title":"Pierce v. Society of Sisters","text":"Appellees are engaged in a kind of undertaking not inherently harmful, but long regarded as useful and meritorious.","work":"Pierce v. Society of Sisters","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/pierce-v-society-of-sisters/#pierce-v-society-of-sisters-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"pierce-v-society-of-sisters-q3","title":"Pierce v. Society of Sisters","text":"we think it entirely plain that the Act of 1922 unreasonably interferes with the liberty of parents and guardians to direct the upbringing and education of children under their control.","work":"Pierce v. Society of Sisters","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/pierce-v-society-of-sisters/#pierce-v-society-of-sisters-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"pierce-v-society-of-sisters-q4","title":"Pierce v. Society of Sisters","text":"The fundamental theory of liberty upon which all governments in this Union repose excludes any general power of the state to standardize its children by forcing them to accept instruction from public teachers only.","work":"Pierce v. Society of Sisters","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/pierce-v-society-of-sisters/#pierce-v-society-of-sisters-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"pierce-v-society-of-sisters-q5","title":"Pierce v. Society of Sisters","text":"The child is not the mere creature of the state; those who nurture him and direct his destiny have the right, coupled with the high duty, to recognize and prepare him for additional obligations.","work":"Pierce v. Society of Sisters","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/pierce-v-society-of-sisters/#pierce-v-society-of-sisters-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"pierce-v-society-of-sisters-q6","title":"Pierce v. Society of Sisters","text":"Prevention of impending injury by unlawful action is a well-recognized function of courts of equity.","work":"Pierce v. Society of Sisters","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/pierce-v-society-of-sisters/#pierce-v-society-of-sisters-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"planned-parenthood-v-casey-q1","title":"Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey","text":"Liberty finds no refuge in a jurisprudence of doubt.","work":"Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/planned-parenthood-v-casey/#planned-parenthood-v-casey-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"planned-parenthood-v-casey-q2","title":"Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey","text":"Our obligation is to define the liberty of all, not to mandate our own moral code.","work":"Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/planned-parenthood-v-casey/#planned-parenthood-v-casey-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"planned-parenthood-v-casey-q3","title":"Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey","text":"The Court's power lies, rather, in its legitimacy, a product of substance and perception that shows itself in the people's acceptance of the Judiciary as fit to determine what the Nation's law means and to declare what it demands.","work":"Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/planned-parenthood-v-casey/#planned-parenthood-v-casey-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"planned-parenthood-v-casey-q4","title":"Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey","text":"We believe that Roe was wrongly decided, and that it can and should be overruled consistently with our traditional approach to stare decisis in constitutional cases.","work":"Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/planned-parenthood-v-casey/#planned-parenthood-v-casey-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"planned-parenthood-v-casey-q5","title":"Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey","text":"The issue is whether it is a liberty protected by the Constitution of the United States.","work":"Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/planned-parenthood-v-casey/#planned-parenthood-v-casey-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"planned-parenthood-v-casey-q6","title":"Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey","text":"It is difficult to maintain the illusion that we are interpreting a Constitution rather than inventing one, when we amend its provisions so breezily.","work":"Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/planned-parenthood-v-casey/#planned-parenthood-v-casey-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"plessy-v-ferguson-q1","title":"Plessy v. Ferguson","text":"We consider the underlying fallacy of the plaintiff's argument to consist in the assumption that the enforced separation of the two races stamps the colored race with a badge of inferiority.","work":"Plessy v. Ferguson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plessy-v-ferguson/#plessy-v-ferguson-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"plessy-v-ferguson-q2","title":"Plessy v. Ferguson","text":"Legislation is powerless to eradicate racial instincts or to abolish distinctions based upon physical differences, and the attempt to do so can only result in accentuating the difficulties of the present situation.","work":"Plessy v. Ferguson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plessy-v-ferguson/#plessy-v-ferguson-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"plessy-v-ferguson-q3","title":"Plessy v. Ferguson","text":"If the two races are to meet upon terms of social equality, it must be the result of natural affinities, a mutual appreciation of each other's merits, and a voluntary consent of individuals.","work":"Plessy v. Ferguson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plessy-v-ferguson/#plessy-v-ferguson-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"plessy-v-ferguson-q4","title":"Plessy v. Ferguson","text":"There is no caste here. Our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens. In respect of civil rights, all citizens are equal before the law. The humblest is the peer of the most powerful.","work":"Plessy v. Ferguson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plessy-v-ferguson/#plessy-v-ferguson-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"plessy-v-ferguson-q5","title":"Plessy v. Ferguson","text":"In my opinion, the judgment this day rendered will, in time, prove to be quite as pernicious as the decision made by this tribunal in the Dred Scott Case.","work":"Plessy v. Ferguson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plessy-v-ferguson/#plessy-v-ferguson-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"plessy-v-ferguson-q6","title":"Plessy v. Ferguson","text":"The thin disguise of \"equal\" accommodations for passengers in railroad coaches will not mislead anyone, nor atone for the wrong this day done.","work":"Plessy v. Ferguson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plessy-v-ferguson/#plessy-v-ferguson-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"plyler-v-doe-q1","title":"Plyler v. Doe","text":"Section 21.031 imposes a lifetime hardship on a discrete class of children not accountable for their disabling status.","work":"Plyler v. Doe","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plyler-v-doe/#plyler-v-doe-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"plyler-v-doe-q2","title":"Plyler v. Doe","text":"By denying these children a basic education, we deny them the ability to live within the structure of our civic institutions, and foreclose any realistic possibility that they will contribute in even the smallest way to the progress of our Nation.","work":"Plyler v. Doe","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plyler-v-doe/#plyler-v-doe-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"plyler-v-doe-q3","title":"Plyler v. Doe","text":"If the State is to deny a discrete group of innocent children the free public education that it offers to other children residing within its borders, that denial must be justified by a showing that it furthers some substantial state interest. No such showing was made here.","work":"Plyler v. Doe","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plyler-v-doe/#plyler-v-doe-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"plyler-v-doe-q4","title":"Plyler v. Doe","text":"In reaching this conclusion, I am not unmindful of what must be the exasperation of responsible citizens and government authorities in Texas and other States similarly situated.","work":"Plyler v. Doe","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plyler-v-doe/#plyler-v-doe-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"plyler-v-doe-q5","title":"Plyler v. Doe","text":"However, the Constitution does not constitute us as \"Platonic Guardians\" nor does it vest in this Court the authority to strike down laws because they do not meet our standards of desirable social policy, \"wisdom,\" or \"common sense.\"","work":"Plyler v. Doe","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plyler-v-doe/#plyler-v-doe-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"plyler-v-doe-q6","title":"Plyler v. Doe","text":"Denying a free education to illegal alien children is not a choice I would make were I a legislator. Apart from compassionate considerations, the long-range costs of excluding any children from the public schools may well outweigh the costs of educating them. But that is not the issue; the fact that there are sound policy arguments against the Texas Legislature's choice does not render that choice an unconstitutional one.","work":"Plyler v. Doe","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plyler-v-doe/#plyler-v-doe-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"poems-hopkins-q1","title":"Poems","text":"THE world is charged with the grandeur of God","work":"Poems","author":"Gerard Manley Hopkins","url":"/works/poems-hopkins/#poems-hopkins-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"poems-of-emily-dickinson-q1","title":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","text":"Success is counted sweetest By those who ne'er succeed.","work":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/poems-of-emily-dickinson/#poems-of-emily-dickinson-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"poems-of-emily-dickinson-q2","title":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","text":"There's a certain slant of light, On winter afternoons, That oppresses, like the weight Of cathedral tunes.","work":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/poems-of-emily-dickinson/#poems-of-emily-dickinson-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"poems-of-emily-dickinson-q3","title":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","text":"I never spoke with God, Nor visited in heaven; Yet certain am I of the spot As if the chart were given.","work":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/poems-of-emily-dickinson/#poems-of-emily-dickinson-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"poems-of-emily-dickinson-q4","title":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","text":"Because I could not stop for Death, He kindly stopped for me; The carriage held but just ourselves And Immortality.","work":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/poems-of-emily-dickinson/#poems-of-emily-dickinson-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"poems-of-emily-dickinson-q5","title":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","text":"I'm nobody! Who are you? Are you nobody, too?","work":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/poems-of-emily-dickinson/#poems-of-emily-dickinson-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"poems-of-emily-dickinson-q6","title":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","text":"Hope is the thing with feathers That perches in the soul, And sings the tune without the words, And never stops at all,","work":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/poems-of-emily-dickinson/#poems-of-emily-dickinson-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"poems-of-emily-dickinson-q7","title":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","text":"There is no frigate like a book To take us lands away,","work":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/poems-of-emily-dickinson/#poems-of-emily-dickinson-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"poems-of-emily-dickinson-q8","title":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","text":"The brain is wider than the sky, For, put them side by side, The one the other will include With ease, and you beside.","work":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/poems-of-emily-dickinson/#poems-of-emily-dickinson-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"aristotle-poetics-q1","title":"Poetics","text":"the instinct of imitation is implanted in man from childhood","work":"Poetics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-poetics/#aristotle-poetics-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"aristotle-poetics-q2","title":"Poetics","text":"Tragedy, then, is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude","work":"Poetics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-poetics/#aristotle-poetics-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"aristotle-poetics-q3","title":"Poetics","text":"through pity and fear effecting the proper purgation of these emotions","work":"Poetics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-poetics/#aristotle-poetics-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"aristotle-poetics-q4","title":"Poetics","text":"The Plot, then, is the first principle, and, as it were, the soul of a tragedy","work":"Poetics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-poetics/#aristotle-poetics-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"aristotle-poetics-q5","title":"Poetics","text":"A whole is that which has a beginning, a middle, and an end.","work":"Poetics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-poetics/#aristotle-poetics-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"aristotle-poetics-q6","title":"Poetics","text":"Poetry, therefore, is a more philosophical and a higher thing than history: for poetry tends to express the universal, history the particular.","work":"Poetics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-poetics/#aristotle-poetics-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"aristotle-poetics-q7","title":"Poetics","text":"as the result not of vice, but of some great error or frailty","work":"Poetics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-poetics/#aristotle-poetics-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"aristotle-poetics-q8","title":"Poetics","text":"But the greatest thing by far is to have a command of metaphor.","work":"Poetics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-poetics/#aristotle-poetics-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"politics-q1","title":"Politics","text":"If the state is the organisation of men seeking a common good, power and political position must be given to those who can forward this end","work":"Politics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/politics/#politics-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"orwell-politics-and-the-english-language-q1","title":"Politics and the English Language","text":"In our time, political speech and writing are largely the defence of the indefensible.","work":"Politics and the English Language","author":"George Orwell","url":"/works/orwell-politics-and-the-english-language/#orwell-politics-and-the-english-language-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"orwell-politics-and-the-english-language-q2","title":"Politics and the English Language","text":"Never use a long word where a short one will do.","work":"Politics and the English Language","author":"George Orwell","url":"/works/orwell-politics-and-the-english-language/#orwell-politics-and-the-english-language-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust-q1","title":"Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.","text":"If, in the changes of wealth and population in particular states, apportionment produced inequality, it was an inequality stipulated for, just as the equal representation of the states, however small, in the senate, was stipulated for.","work":"Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust/#pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust-q2","title":"Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.","text":"A tax upon one's whole income is a tax upon the annual receipts from his whole property, and as such falls within the same class as a tax upon that property, and is a direct tax, in the meaning of the constitution.","work":"Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust/#pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust-q3","title":"Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.","text":"If it be true that the constitution should have been so framed that a tax of this kind could be laid, the instrument defines the way for its amendment.","work":"Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust/#pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust-q4","title":"Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.","text":"It is appropriate now to say that, however objectionable the law would have been, after the provision for taxing incomes arising from rents was stricken out, I did not then, nor do I now, think it within the province of the court to annul the provisions relating to incomes derived from other specified sources, and take from the government the entire revenue contemplated to be raised by the taxation of incomes, simply because the clause relating to rents was held to be unconstitutional.","work":"Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust/#pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust-q5","title":"Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.","text":"Whence the 'century of error' is evolved, unless the cases relied on decided that the word 'direct' was not to be considered in its economic sense, does not appear from the argument.","work":"Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust/#pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"pollyanna-q1","title":"Pollyanna","text":"the game was to just find something about everything to be glad about--no matter what 'twas","work":"Pollyanna","author":"Eleanor H. Porter","url":"/works/pollyanna/#pollyanna-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"pollyanna-q2","title":"Pollyanna","text":"Just breathing isn't living!","work":"Pollyanna","author":"Eleanor H. Porter","url":"/works/pollyanna/#pollyanna-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"pollyanna-q3","title":"Pollyanna","text":"that little girl is better than a six-quart bottle of tonic any day","work":"Pollyanna","author":"Eleanor H. Porter","url":"/works/pollyanna/#pollyanna-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"pollyanna-q4","title":"Pollyanna","text":"It takes a woman's hand and heart, or a child's presence, to make a home","work":"Pollyanna","author":"Eleanor H. Porter","url":"/works/pollyanna/#pollyanna-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"pollyanna-q5","title":"Pollyanna","text":"He said if God took the trouble to tell us eight hundred times to be glad and rejoice, He must want us to do it--SOME.","work":"Pollyanna","author":"Eleanor H. Porter","url":"/works/pollyanna/#pollyanna-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"pollyanna-q6","title":"Pollyanna","text":"When you look for the bad, expecting it, you will get it. When you know you will find the good--you will get that.","work":"Pollyanna","author":"Eleanor H. Porter","url":"/works/pollyanna/#pollyanna-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"pollyanna-q7","title":"Pollyanna","text":"I can be glad I've HAD my legs, anyway","work":"Pollyanna","author":"Eleanor H. Porter","url":"/works/pollyanna/#pollyanna-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"pollyanna-q8","title":"Pollyanna","text":"you never, never know how perfectly lovely legs are till you haven't got them","work":"Pollyanna","author":"Eleanor H. Porter","url":"/works/pollyanna/#pollyanna-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"mach-popular-scientific-lectures-q1","title":"Popular Scientific Lectures","text":"What we have learned from Socrates, however,--our inheritance from him,--is scientific criticism.","work":"Popular Scientific Lectures","author":"Ernst Mach","url":"/works/mach-popular-scientific-lectures/#mach-popular-scientific-lectures-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"mach-popular-scientific-lectures-q2","title":"Popular Scientific Lectures","text":"Physics is experience, arranged in economical order.","work":"Popular Scientific Lectures","author":"Ernst Mach","url":"/works/mach-popular-scientific-lectures/#mach-popular-scientific-lectures-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"mach-popular-scientific-lectures-q3","title":"Popular Scientific Lectures","text":"What strikes us here as the fruits of sorcery are simply the rewards of excellent housekeeping, as are the like results in civil life.","work":"Popular Scientific Lectures","author":"Ernst Mach","url":"/works/mach-popular-scientific-lectures/#mach-popular-scientific-lectures-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"mach-popular-scientific-lectures-q4","title":"Popular Scientific Lectures","text":"In the economical schematism of science lie both its strength and its weakness.","work":"Popular Scientific Lectures","author":"Ernst Mach","url":"/works/mach-popular-scientific-lectures/#mach-popular-scientific-lectures-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"mach-popular-scientific-lectures-q5","title":"Popular Scientific Lectures","text":"The atom must remain a tool for representing phenomena, like the functions of mathematics.","work":"Popular Scientific Lectures","author":"Ernst Mach","url":"/works/mach-popular-scientific-lectures/#mach-popular-scientific-lectures-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"mach-popular-scientific-lectures-q6","title":"Popular Scientific Lectures","text":"But the element of wonder never lies in the phenomenon or event observed; its place is in the person observing.","work":"Popular Scientific Lectures","author":"Ernst Mach","url":"/works/mach-popular-scientific-lectures/#mach-popular-scientific-lectures-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"mach-popular-scientific-lectures-q7","title":"Popular Scientific Lectures","text":"No one disturbs his fellow-men with a new view unpunished.","work":"Popular Scientific Lectures","author":"Ernst Mach","url":"/works/mach-popular-scientific-lectures/#mach-popular-scientific-lectures-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"mach-popular-scientific-lectures-q8","title":"Popular Scientific Lectures","text":"A person who has read and understood the Greek and Roman authors has felt and experienced more than one who is restricted to the impressions of the present.","work":"Popular Scientific Lectures","author":"Ernst Mach","url":"/works/mach-popular-scientific-lectures/#mach-popular-scientific-lectures-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics-q1","title":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","text":"By demonstration I mean a syllogism productive of scientific knowledge","work":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics/#aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics-q2","title":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","text":"But induction is impossible for those who have not sense-perception.","work":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics/#aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics-q3","title":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","text":"It is like a rout in battle stopped by first one man making a stand and then another, until the original formation has been restored. The soul is so constituted as to be capable of this process.","work":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics/#aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics-q4","title":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","text":"since except intuition nothing can be truer than scientific knowledge, it will be intuition that apprehends the primary premisses","work":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics/#aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics-q5","title":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","text":"Now what is to us plain and obvious at first is rather confused masses, the elements and principles of which become known to us later by analysis.","work":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics/#aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics-q6","title":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","text":"If then it is both by nature and for an end that the swallow makes its nest and the spider its web, and plants grow leaves for the sake of the fruit and send their roots down (not up) for the sake of nourishment, it is plain that this kind of cause is operative in things which come to be and are by nature.","work":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics/#aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics-q7","title":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","text":"Now mistakes come to pass even in the operations of art : the grammarian makes a mistake in writing and the doctor pours out the wrong dose.","work":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics/#aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics-q8","title":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","text":"It is plain then that nature is a cause, a cause that operates for a purpose.","work":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics/#aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics-q9","title":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","text":"It is clear, therefore, that the first movent is indivisible and is without parts and without magnitude.","work":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics/#aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"james-pragmatism-q1","title":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","text":"The history of philosophy is to a great extent that of a certain clash of human temperaments.","work":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","author":"William James","url":"/works/james-pragmatism/#james-pragmatism-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"james-pragmatism-q2","title":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","text":"\"Which party is right,\" I said, \"depends on what you PRACTICALLY MEAN by 'going round' the squirrel.","work":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","author":"William James","url":"/works/james-pragmatism/#james-pragmatism-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"james-pragmatism-q3","title":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","text":"You must bring out of each word its practical cash-value, set it at work within the stream of your experience.","work":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","author":"William James","url":"/works/james-pragmatism/#james-pragmatism-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"james-pragmatism-q4","title":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","text":"THEORIES THUS BECOME INSTRUMENTS, NOT ANSWERS TO ENIGMAS, IN WHICH WE CAN REST.","work":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","author":"William James","url":"/works/james-pragmatism/#james-pragmatism-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"james-pragmatism-q5","title":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","text":"it lies in the midst of our theories, like a corridor in a hotel.","work":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","author":"William James","url":"/works/james-pragmatism/#james-pragmatism-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"james-pragmatism-q6","title":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","text":"Truth HAPPENS to an idea. It BECOMES true, is MADE true by events.","work":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","author":"William James","url":"/works/james-pragmatism/#james-pragmatism-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"james-pragmatism-q7","title":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","text":"'The true,' to put it very briefly, is only the expedient in the way of our thinking, just as 'the right' is only the expedient in the way of our behaving.","work":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","author":"William James","url":"/works/james-pragmatism/#james-pragmatism-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"james-pragmatism-q8","title":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","text":"On pragmatistic principles, if the hypothesis of God works satisfactorily in the widest sense of the word, it is true.","work":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","author":"William James","url":"/works/james-pragmatism/#james-pragmatism-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"pride-and-prejudice-q1","title":"Pride and Prejudice","text":"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife","work":"Pride and Prejudice","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/pride-and-prejudice/#pride-and-prejudice-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"prince-caspian-q1","title":"Prince Caspian","text":"I am not. But every year you grow, you will find me bigger.","work":"Prince Caspian","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/prince-caspian/#prince-caspian-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"prince-caspian-q2","title":"Prince Caspian","text":"If you had felt yourself sufficient, it would have been a proof that you were not.","work":"Prince Caspian","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/prince-caspian/#prince-caspian-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"principia-q1","title":"Principia","text":"Every body perseveres in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a right line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed thereon","work":"Principia","author":"Isaac Newton","url":"/works/principia/#principia-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"lyell-principles-of-geology-q1","title":"Principles of Geology","text":"They may be regarded, in short, as a symbolical language, in which the earth's autobiography is written.","work":"Principles of Geology","author":"Charles Lyell","url":"/works/lyell-principles-of-geology/#lyell-principles-of-geology-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"lyell-principles-of-geology-q2","title":"Principles of Geology","text":"Geology is the science which investigates the successive changes that have taken place in the organic and inorganic kingdoms of nature; it inquires into the causes of these changes, and the influence which they have exerted in modifying the surface and external structure of our planet.","work":"Principles of Geology","author":"Charles Lyell","url":"/works/lyell-principles-of-geology/#lyell-principles-of-geology-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"lyell-principles-of-geology-q3","title":"Principles of Geology","text":"Never was there a dogma more calculated to foster indolence, and to blunt the keen edge of curiosity, than this assumption of the discordance between the ancient and existing causes of change.","work":"Principles of Geology","author":"Charles Lyell","url":"/works/lyell-principles-of-geology/#lyell-principles-of-geology-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"lyell-principles-of-geology-q4","title":"Principles of Geology","text":"It also endeavors to estimate the aggregate result of ordinary operations multiplied by time","work":"Principles of Geology","author":"Charles Lyell","url":"/works/lyell-principles-of-geology/#lyell-principles-of-geology-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"lyell-principles-of-geology-q5","title":"Principles of Geology","text":"Thus, although we are mere sojourners on the surface of the planet, chained to a mere point in space, enduring but for a moment of time, the human mind is not only enabled to number worlds beyond the unassisted ken of mortal eye, but to trace the events of indefinite ages before the creation of our race","work":"Principles of Geology","author":"Charles Lyell","url":"/works/lyell-principles-of-geology/#lyell-principles-of-geology-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"lyell-principles-of-geology-q6","title":"Principles of Geology","text":"it is clear that the columns must have continued for a long time in an erect position, immersed in salt water, and then the submerged portion must have been upraised to the height of about twenty-three feet above the level of the sea.","work":"Principles of Geology","author":"Charles Lyell","url":"/works/lyell-principles-of-geology/#lyell-principles-of-geology-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"psalm-23-q1","title":"Psalm 23","text":"The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want.","work":"Psalm 23","author":"Attributed to David","url":"/works/psalm-23/#psalm-23-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"psalm-23-q2","title":"Psalm 23","text":"He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me beside the still waters.","work":"Psalm 23","author":"Attributed to David","url":"/works/psalm-23/#psalm-23-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"psalm-23-q3","title":"Psalm 23","text":"He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name’s sake.","work":"Psalm 23","author":"Attributed to David","url":"/works/psalm-23/#psalm-23-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"psalm-23-q4","title":"Psalm 23","text":"Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me.","work":"Psalm 23","author":"Attributed to David","url":"/works/psalm-23/#psalm-23-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"psalm-23-q5","title":"Psalm 23","text":"Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over.","work":"Psalm 23","author":"Attributed to David","url":"/works/psalm-23/#psalm-23-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"psalm-23-q6","title":"Psalm 23","text":"Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the LORD for ever.","work":"Psalm 23","author":"Attributed to David","url":"/works/psalm-23/#psalm-23-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france-q1","title":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","text":"A state without the means of some change is without the means of its conservation.","work":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","author":"Edmund Burke","url":"/works/reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france/#reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france-q2","title":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","text":"People will not look forward to posterity, who never look backward to their ancestors.","work":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","author":"Edmund Burke","url":"/works/reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france/#reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france-q3","title":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","text":"To be attached to the subdivision, to love the little platoon we belong to in society, is the first principle (the germ, as it were) of public affections.","work":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","author":"Edmund Burke","url":"/works/reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france/#reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france-q4","title":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","text":"What is the use of discussing a man's abstract right to food or medicine? The question is upon the method of procuring and administering them.","work":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","author":"Edmund Burke","url":"/works/reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france/#reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france-q5","title":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","text":"But the age of chivalry is gone. That of sophisters, economists, and calculators has succeeded; and the glory of Europe is extinguished forever.","work":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","author":"Edmund Burke","url":"/works/reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france/#reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france-q6","title":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","text":"Prejudice renders a man's virtue his habit, and not a series of unconnected acts. Through just prejudice, his duty becomes a part of his nature.","work":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","author":"Edmund Burke","url":"/works/reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france/#reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france-q7","title":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","text":"We know, and, what is better, we feel inwardly, that religion is the basis of civil society, and the source of all good, and of all comfort.","work":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","author":"Edmund Burke","url":"/works/reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france/#reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france-q8","title":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","text":"it becomes a partnership not only between those who are living, but between those who are living, those who are dead, and those who are to be born.","work":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","author":"Edmund Burke","url":"/works/reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france/#reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"einstein-relativity-q1","title":"Relativity: The Special and General Theory","text":"I adhered scrupulously to the precept of that brilliant theoretical physicist L. Boltzmann, according to whom matters of elegance ought to be left to the tailor and to the cobbler.","work":"Relativity: The Special and General Theory","author":"Albert Einstein","url":"/works/einstein-relativity/#einstein-relativity-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"einstein-relativity-q2","title":"Relativity: The Special and General Theory","text":"we entirely shun the vague word “space,” of which, we must honestly acknowledge, we cannot form the slightest conception","work":"Relativity: The Special and General Theory","author":"Albert Einstein","url":"/works/einstein-relativity/#einstein-relativity-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"einstein-relativity-q3","title":"Relativity: The Special and General Theory","text":"Every reference-body (co-ordinate system) has its own particular time; unless we are told the reference-body to which the statement of time refers, there is no meaning in a statement of the time of an event.","work":"Relativity: The Special and General Theory","author":"Albert Einstein","url":"/works/einstein-relativity/#einstein-relativity-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"einstein-relativity-q4","title":"Relativity: The Special and General Theory","text":"the inertial mass of a body is not a constant but varies according to the change in the energy of the body.","work":"Relativity: The Special and General Theory","author":"Albert Einstein","url":"/works/einstein-relativity/#einstein-relativity-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"einstein-relativity-q5","title":"Relativity: The Special and General Theory","text":"No fairer destiny could be allotted to any physical theory, than that it should of itself point out the way to the introduction of a more comprehensive theory, in which it lives on as a limiting case.","work":"Relativity: The Special and General Theory","author":"Albert Einstein","url":"/works/einstein-relativity/#einstein-relativity-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"einstein-relativity-q6","title":"Relativity: The Special and General Theory","text":"If the displacement of spectral lines towards the red by the gravitational potential does not exist, then the general theory of relativity will be untenable.","work":"Relativity: The Special and General Theory","author":"Albert Einstein","url":"/works/einstein-relativity/#einstein-relativity-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"einstein-relativity-q7","title":"Relativity: The Special and General Theory","text":"May the book bring some one a few happy hours of suggestive thought!","work":"Relativity: The Special and General Theory","author":"Albert Einstein","url":"/works/einstein-relativity/#einstein-relativity-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism-q1","title":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","text":"The true descendant of the doctrines of Aquinas is the labor theory of value. The last of the Schoolmen was Karl Marx.","work":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","author":"R. H. Tawney","url":"/works/tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism/#tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism-q2","title":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","text":"So merciless is the tyranny of economic appetites, so prone to self-aggrandizement the empire of economic interests, that a doctrine which confines them to their proper sphere, as the servant, not the master, of civilization, may reasonably be regarded as among the pregnant truisms which are a permanent element in any sane philosophy.","work":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","author":"R. H. Tawney","url":"/works/tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism/#tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism-q3","title":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","text":"It was a creed which sought, not merely to purify the individual, but to reconstruct Church and State, and to renew society by penetrating every department of life, public as well as private, with the influence of religion.","work":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","author":"R. H. Tawney","url":"/works/tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism/#tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism-q4","title":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","text":"In every human soul there is a socialist and an individualist, an authoritarian and a fanatic for liberty, as in each there is a Catholic and a Protestant.","work":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","author":"R. H. Tawney","url":"/works/tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism/#tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism-q5","title":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","text":"The calling is not a condition in which the individual is born, but a strenuous and exacting enterprise, to be undertaken, indeed, under the guidance of Providence, but to be chosen by each man for himself, with a deep sense of his solemn responsibilities.","work":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","author":"R. H. Tawney","url":"/works/tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism/#tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism-q6","title":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","text":"The garrison had discovered that the invading host of economic appetites was, not an enemy, but an ally.","work":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","author":"R. H. Tawney","url":"/works/tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism/#tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism-q7","title":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","text":"men are to be judged by their reach as well as by their grasp--by the ends at which they aim as well as by the success with which they attain them.","work":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","author":"R. H. Tawney","url":"/works/tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism/#tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism-q8","title":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","text":"Compromise is as impossible between the Church of Christ and the idolatry of wealth, which is the practical religion of capitalist societies, as it was between the Church and the State idolatry of the Roman Empire.","work":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","author":"R. H. Tawney","url":"/works/tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism/#tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"rerum-novarum-q1","title":"Rerum Novarum","text":"a small number of very rich men have been able to lay upon the teeming masses of the laboring poor a yoke little better than that of slavery itself.","work":"Rerum Novarum","author":"Pope Leo XIII","url":"/works/rerum-novarum/#rerum-novarum-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"rerum-novarum-q2","title":"Rerum Novarum","text":"For every man has by nature the right to possess property as his own.","work":"Rerum Novarum","author":"Pope Leo XIII","url":"/works/rerum-novarum/#rerum-novarum-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"rerum-novarum-q3","title":"Rerum Novarum","text":"Man precedes the State, and possesses, prior to the formation of any State, the right of providing for the sustenance of his body.","work":"Rerum Novarum","author":"Pope Leo XIII","url":"/works/rerum-novarum/#rerum-novarum-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"rerum-novarum-q4","title":"Rerum Novarum","text":"The great mistake made in regard to the matter now under consideration is to take up with the notion that class is naturally hostile to class, and that the wealthy and the workingmen are intended by nature to live in mutual conflict.","work":"Rerum Novarum","author":"Pope Leo XIII","url":"/works/rerum-novarum/#rerum-novarum-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"rerum-novarum-q5","title":"Rerum Novarum","text":"Those who work in mines and quarries, and extract coal, stone, and metals from the bowels of the earth, should have shorter hours in proportion as their labor is more severe and trying to health.","work":"Rerum Novarum","author":"Pope Leo XIII","url":"/works/rerum-novarum/#rerum-novarum-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"rerum-novarum-q6","title":"Rerum Novarum","text":"remuneration ought to be sufficient to support a frugal and well-behaved wage-earner.","work":"Rerum Novarum","author":"Pope Leo XIII","url":"/works/rerum-novarum/#rerum-novarum-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"rerum-novarum-q7","title":"Rerum Novarum","text":"The law, therefore, should favor ownership, and its policy should be to induce as many as possible of the humbler class to become owners.","work":"Rerum Novarum","author":"Pope Leo XIII","url":"/works/rerum-novarum/#rerum-novarum-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"rerum-novarum-q8","title":"Rerum Novarum","text":"charity, the mistress and the queen of virtues.","work":"Rerum Novarum","author":"Pope Leo XIII","url":"/works/rerum-novarum/#rerum-novarum-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"reves-v-ernst-and-young-q1","title":"Reves v. Ernst & Young","text":"In discharging our duty, we are not bound by legal formalisms, but instead take account of the economics of the transaction under investigation.","work":"Reves v. Ernst & Young","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reves-v-ernst-and-young/#reves-v-ernst-and-young-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"reves-v-ernst-and-young-q2","title":"Reves v. Ernst & Young","text":"Congress' purpose in enacting the securities laws was to regulate investments, in whatever form they are made and by whatever name they are called.","work":"Reves v. Ernst & Young","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reves-v-ernst-and-young/#reves-v-ernst-and-young-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"reves-v-ernst-and-young-q3","title":"Reves v. Ernst & Young","text":"A note is presumed to be a \"security,\" and that presumption may be rebutted only by a showing that the note bears a strong resemblance (in terms of the four factors we have identified) to one of the enumerated categories of instrument.","work":"Reves v. Ernst & Young","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reves-v-ernst-and-young/#reves-v-ernst-and-young-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"reves-v-ernst-and-young-q4","title":"Reves v. Ernst & Young","text":"Finally, we examine whether some factor such as the existence of another regulatory scheme significantly reduces the risk of the instrument, thereby rendering application of the Securities Acts unnecessary.","work":"Reves v. Ernst & Young","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reves-v-ernst-and-young/#reves-v-ernst-and-young-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"reves-v-ernst-and-young-q5","title":"Reves v. Ernst & Young","text":"In my view such a settled construction of an important federal statute should not be disturbed unless and until Congress so decides.","work":"Reves v. Ernst & Young","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reves-v-ernst-and-young/#reves-v-ernst-and-young-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"reves-v-ernst-and-young-q6","title":"Reves v. Ernst & Young","text":"But the terms \"note\" and \"maturity\" did not spring full blown from the head of Congress in 1934.","work":"Reves v. Ernst & Young","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reves-v-ernst-and-young/#reves-v-ernst-and-young-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"reynolds-v-united-states-q1","title":"Reynolds v. United States","text":"Believing with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between man and his God; that he owes account to none other for his faith or his worship; that the legislative powers of the government reach actions only, and not opinions,—I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should 'make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,' thus building a wall of separation between church and State.","work":"Reynolds v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reynolds-v-united-states/#reynolds-v-united-states-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"reynolds-v-united-states-q2","title":"Reynolds v. United States","text":"Congress was deprived of all legislative power over mere opinion, but was left free to reach actions which were in violation of social duties or subversive of good order.","work":"Reynolds v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reynolds-v-united-states/#reynolds-v-united-states-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"reynolds-v-united-states-q3","title":"Reynolds v. United States","text":"Laws are made for the government of actions, and while they cannot interfere with mere religious belief and opinions, they may with practices.","work":"Reynolds v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reynolds-v-united-states/#reynolds-v-united-states-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"reynolds-v-united-states-q4","title":"Reynolds v. United States","text":"Can a man excuse his practices to the contrary because of his religious belief? To permit this would be to make the professed doctrines of religious belief superior to the law of the land, and in effect to permit every citizen to become a law unto himself.","work":"Reynolds v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reynolds-v-united-states/#reynolds-v-united-states-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"reynolds-v-united-states-q5","title":"Reynolds v. United States","text":"The word 'religion' is not defined in the Constitution. We must go elsewhere, therefore, to ascertain its meaning, and nowhere more appropriately, we think, than to the history of the times in the midst of which the provision was adopted.","work":"Reynolds v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reynolds-v-united-states/#reynolds-v-united-states-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"reynolds-v-united-states-q6","title":"Reynolds v. United States","text":"The Constitution gives the accused the right to a trial at which he should be confronted with the witnesses against him; but if a witness is absent by his own wrongful procurement, he cannot complain if competent evidence is admitted to supply the place of that which he has kept away.","work":"Reynolds v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reynolds-v-united-states/#reynolds-v-united-states-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"richard-iii-q1","title":"Richard III","text":"Now is the winter of our discontent Made glorious summer by this son of York","work":"Richard III","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/richard-iii/#richard-iii-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"richard-iii-q2","title":"Richard III","text":"Cheated of feature by dissembling nature, Deformed, unfinished, sent before my time Into this breathing world scarce half made up","work":"Richard III","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/richard-iii/#richard-iii-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"richard-iii-q3","title":"Richard III","text":"I am determined to prove a villain","work":"Richard III","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/richard-iii/#richard-iii-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"richard-iii-q4","title":"Richard III","text":"Was ever woman in this humour wooed? Was ever woman in this humour won?","work":"Richard III","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/richard-iii/#richard-iii-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"richard-iii-q5","title":"Richard III","text":"And thus I clothe my naked villany With odd old ends stol’n forth of Holy Writ, And seem a saint when most I play the devil.","work":"Richard III","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/richard-iii/#richard-iii-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"richard-iii-q6","title":"Richard III","text":"O Lord, methought what pain it was to drown","work":"Richard III","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/richard-iii/#richard-iii-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"richard-iii-q7","title":"Richard III","text":"So far in blood that sin will pluck on sin.","work":"Richard III","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/richard-iii/#richard-iii-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"richard-iii-q8","title":"Richard III","text":"True hope is swift, and flies with swallow’s wings","work":"Richard III","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/richard-iii/#richard-iii-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"richard-iii-q9","title":"Richard III","text":"My conscience hath a thousand several tongues, And every tongue brings in a several tale, And every tale condemns me for a villain.","work":"Richard III","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/richard-iii/#richard-iii-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"richard-iii-q10","title":"Richard III","text":"A horse! A horse! My kingdom for a horse!","work":"Richard III","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/richard-iii/#richard-iii-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"robinson-crusoe-q1","title":"Robinson Crusoe","text":"I was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull.","work":"Robinson Crusoe","author":"Daniel Defoe","url":"/works/robinson-crusoe/#robinson-crusoe-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"robinson-crusoe-q2","title":"Robinson Crusoe","text":"I was born in the year 1632","work":"Robinson Crusoe","author":"Daniel Defoe","url":"/works/robinson-crusoe/#robinson-crusoe-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"robinson-v-california-q1","title":"Robinson v. California","text":"In this Court, counsel for the State recognized that narcotic addiction is an illness.","work":"Robinson v. California","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/robinson-v-california/#robinson-v-california-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"robinson-v-california-q2","title":"Robinson v. California","text":"Even one day in prison would be a cruel and unusual punishment for the \"crime\" of having a common cold.","work":"Robinson v. California","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/robinson-v-california/#robinson-v-california-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"robinson-v-california-q3","title":"Robinson v. California","text":"While afflicted people may be confined either for treatment or for the protection of society, they are not branded as criminals.","work":"Robinson v. California","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/robinson-v-california/#robinson-v-california-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"robinson-v-california-q4","title":"Robinson v. California","text":"it is an arbitrary imposition which exceeds the power that a State may exercise in enacting its criminal law","work":"Robinson v. California","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/robinson-v-california/#robinson-v-california-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"robinson-v-california-q5","title":"Robinson v. California","text":"Properly construed, the statute provides a treatment, rather than a punishment.","work":"Robinson v. California","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/robinson-v-california/#robinson-v-california-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"robinson-v-california-q6","title":"Robinson v. California","text":"I am not at all ready to place the use of narcotics beyond the reach of the States' criminal laws.","work":"Robinson v. California","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/robinson-v-california/#robinson-v-california-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"roe-v-wade-q1","title":"Roe v. Wade","text":"Our task, of course, is to resolve the issue by constitutional measurement, free of emotion and of predilection.","work":"Roe v. Wade","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/roe-v-wade/#roe-v-wade-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"roe-v-wade-q2","title":"Roe v. Wade","text":"This right of privacy, whether it be founded in the Fourteenth Amendment's concept of personal liberty and restrictions upon state action, as we feel it is, or, as the District Court determined, in the Ninth Amendment's reservation of rights to the people, is broad enough to encompass a woman's decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy.","work":"Roe v. Wade","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/roe-v-wade/#roe-v-wade-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"roe-v-wade-q3","title":"Roe v. Wade","text":"We need not resolve the difficult question of when life begins.","work":"Roe v. Wade","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/roe-v-wade/#roe-v-wade-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"roe-v-wade-q4","title":"Roe v. Wade","text":"I find nothing in the language or history of the Constitution to support the Court's judgment.","work":"Roe v. Wade","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/roe-v-wade/#roe-v-wade-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"roe-v-wade-q5","title":"Roe v. Wade","text":"As an exercise of raw judicial power, the Court perhaps has authority to do what it does today; but in my view its judgment is an improvident and extravagant exercise of the power of judicial review that the Constitution extends to this Court.","work":"Roe v. Wade","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/roe-v-wade/#roe-v-wade-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"roe-v-wade-q6","title":"Roe v. Wade","text":"To reach its result, the Court necessarily has had to find within the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment a right that was apparently completely unknown to the drafters of the Amendment.","work":"Roe v. Wade","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/roe-v-wade/#roe-v-wade-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"romeo-and-juliet-q1","title":"Romeo and Juliet","text":"A pair of star-cross’d lovers take their life","work":"Romeo and Juliet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/romeo-and-juliet/#romeo-and-juliet-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"romeo-and-juliet-q2","title":"Romeo and Juliet","text":"But soft, what light through yonder window breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun!","work":"Romeo and Juliet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/romeo-and-juliet/#romeo-and-juliet-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"romeo-and-juliet-q3","title":"Romeo and Juliet","text":"What’s in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet","work":"Romeo and Juliet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/romeo-and-juliet/#romeo-and-juliet-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"romeo-and-juliet-q4","title":"Romeo and Juliet","text":"Virtue itself turns vice being misapplied, And vice sometime’s by action dignified.","work":"Romeo and Juliet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/romeo-and-juliet/#romeo-and-juliet-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"romeo-and-juliet-q5","title":"Romeo and Juliet","text":"Wisely and slow; they stumble that run fast.","work":"Romeo and Juliet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/romeo-and-juliet/#romeo-and-juliet-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"romeo-and-juliet-q6","title":"Romeo and Juliet","text":"These violent delights have violent ends","work":"Romeo and Juliet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/romeo-and-juliet/#romeo-and-juliet-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"romeo-and-juliet-q7","title":"Romeo and Juliet","text":"A plague o’ both your houses.","work":"Romeo and Juliet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/romeo-and-juliet/#romeo-and-juliet-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"romeo-and-juliet-q8","title":"Romeo and Juliet","text":"Thy drugs are quick. Thus with a kiss I die.","work":"Romeo and Juliet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/romeo-and-juliet/#romeo-and-juliet-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"shaw-saint-joan-q1","title":"Saint Joan","text":"Of course. That is how the messages of God come to us.","work":"Saint Joan","author":"George Bernard Shaw","url":"/works/shaw-saint-joan/#shaw-saint-joan-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"shaw-saint-joan-q2","title":"Saint Joan","text":"It is the protest of the individual soul against the interference of priest or peer between the private man and his God.","work":"Saint Joan","author":"George Bernard Shaw","url":"/works/shaw-saint-joan/#shaw-saint-joan-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"shaw-saint-joan-q3","title":"Saint Joan","text":"Divide that kingdom into nations, and you dethrone Christ.","work":"Saint Joan","author":"George Bernard Shaw","url":"/works/shaw-saint-joan/#shaw-saint-joan-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"shaw-saint-joan-q4","title":"Saint Joan","text":"France is alone; and God is alone; and what is my loneliness before the loneliness of my country and my God?","work":"Saint Joan","author":"George Bernard Shaw","url":"/works/shaw-saint-joan/#shaw-saint-joan-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"shaw-saint-joan-q5","title":"Saint Joan","text":"Heresy begins with people who are to all appearance better than their neighbors.","work":"Saint Joan","author":"George Bernard Shaw","url":"/works/shaw-saint-joan/#shaw-saint-joan-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"shaw-saint-joan-q6","title":"Saint Joan","text":"Light your fire: do you think I dread it as much as the life of a rat in a hole? My voices were right.","work":"Saint Joan","author":"George Bernard Shaw","url":"/works/shaw-saint-joan/#shaw-saint-joan-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"shaw-saint-joan-q7","title":"Saint Joan","text":"Must then a Christ perish in torment in every age to save those that have no imagination?","work":"Saint Joan","author":"George Bernard Shaw","url":"/works/shaw-saint-joan/#shaw-saint-joan-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"shaw-saint-joan-q8","title":"Saint Joan","text":"O God that madest this beautiful earth, when will it be ready to receive Thy saints? How long, O Lord, how long?","work":"Saint Joan","author":"George Bernard Shaw","url":"/works/shaw-saint-joan/#shaw-saint-joan-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez-q1","title":"San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez","text":"Education, of course, is not among the rights afforded explicit protection under our Federal Constitution. Nor do we find any basis for saying it is implicitly so protected.","work":"San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez/#san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez-q2","title":"San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez","text":"It is not the province of this Court to create substantive constitutional rights in the name of guaranteeing equal protection of the laws.","work":"San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez/#san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez-q3","title":"San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez","text":"The method of financing public schools in Texas, as in almost every other State, has resulted in a system of public education that can fairly be described as chaotic and unjust. It does not follow, however, and I cannot find, that this system violates the Constitution of the United States.","work":"San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez/#san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez-q4","title":"San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez","text":"The difficulty with the Texas system, however, is that it provides a meaningful option to Alamo Heights and like school districts but almost none to Edgewood and those other districts with a low per-pupil real estate tax base.","work":"San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez/#san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez-q5","title":"San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez","text":"The Court today decides, in effect, that a State may constitutionally vary the quality of education which it offers its children in accordance with the amount of taxable wealth located in the school districts within which they reside.","work":"San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez/#san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez-q6","title":"San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez","text":"In my judgment, the right of every American to an equal start in life, so far as the provision of a state service as important as education is concerned, is far too vital to permit state discrimination on grounds as tenuous as those presented by this record.","work":"San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez/#san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"sarah-plain-and-tall-q1","title":"Sarah, Plain and Tall","text":"I will come by train. I will wear a yellow bonnet. I am plain and tall.","work":"Sarah, Plain and Tall","author":"Patricia MacLachlan","url":"/works/sarah-plain-and-tall/#sarah-plain-and-tall-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"schenck-v-united-states-q1","title":"Schenck v. United States","text":"We admit that, in many places and in ordinary times, the defendants, in saying all that was said in the circular, would have been within their constitutional rights. But the character of every act depends upon the circumstances in which it is done.","work":"Schenck v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schenck-v-united-states/#schenck-v-united-states-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"schenck-v-united-states-q2","title":"Schenck v. United States","text":"The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic.","work":"Schenck v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schenck-v-united-states/#schenck-v-united-states-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"schenck-v-united-states-q3","title":"Schenck v. United States","text":"The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent. It is a question of proximity and degree.","work":"Schenck v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schenck-v-united-states/#schenck-v-united-states-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"schenck-v-united-states-q4","title":"Schenck v. United States","text":"When a nation is at war, many things that might be said in time of peace are such a hindrance to its effort that their utterance will not be endured so long as men fight, and that no Court could regard them as protected by any constitutional right.","work":"Schenck v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schenck-v-united-states/#schenck-v-united-states-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"schenck-v-united-states-q5","title":"Schenck v. United States","text":"If the act (speaking, or circulating a paper), its tendency, and the intent with which it is done are the same, we perceive no ground for saying that success alone warrants making the act a crime.","work":"Schenck v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schenck-v-united-states/#schenck-v-united-states-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"schenck-v-united-states-q6","title":"Schenck v. United States","text":"If you do not assert and support your rights, you are helping to deny or disparage rights which it is the solemn duty of all citizens and residents of the United States to retain.","work":"Schenck v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schenck-v-united-states/#schenck-v-united-states-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"poincare-science-and-hypothesis-q1","title":"Science and Hypothesis","text":"To doubt everything or to believe everything are two equally convenient solutions ; both dispense with the necessity of reflection.","work":"Science and Hypothesis","author":"Henri Poincare","url":"/works/poincare-science-and-hypothesis/#poincare-science-and-hypothesis-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"poincare-science-and-hypothesis-q2","title":"Science and Hypothesis","text":"the aim of science is not things themselves, as the dogmatists in their simplicity imagine, but the relations between things; outside those relations there is no reality knowable.","work":"Science and Hypothesis","author":"Henri Poincare","url":"/works/poincare-science-and-hypothesis/#poincare-science-and-hypothesis-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"poincare-science-and-hypothesis-q3","title":"Science and Hypothesis","text":"Mathematical induction — i.e., proof by recurrence — is, on the contrary, necessarily imposed on us, because it is only the affirmation of a property of the mind itself.","work":"Science and Hypothesis","author":"Henri Poincare","url":"/works/poincare-science-and-hypothesis/#poincare-science-and-hypothesis-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"poincare-science-and-hypothesis-q4","title":"Science and Hypothesis","text":"One geometry cannot be more true than another; it can only be more convenient.","work":"Science and Hypothesis","author":"Henri Poincare","url":"/works/poincare-science-and-hypothesis/#poincare-science-and-hypothesis-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"poincare-science-and-hypothesis-q5","title":"Science and Hypothesis","text":"Principles are conventions and definitions in disguise.","work":"Science and Hypothesis","author":"Henri Poincare","url":"/works/poincare-science-and-hypothesis/#poincare-science-and-hypothesis-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"poincare-science-and-hypothesis-q6","title":"Science and Hypothesis","text":"Experiment is the sole source of truth. It alone can teach us something new ; it alone can give us certainty.","work":"Science and Hypothesis","author":"Henri Poincare","url":"/works/poincare-science-and-hypothesis/#poincare-science-and-hypothesis-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"poincare-science-and-hypothesis-q7","title":"Science and Hypothesis","text":"Science is built up of facts, as a house is built of stones ; but an accumulation of facts is no more a science than a heap of stones is a house.","work":"Science and Hypothesis","author":"Henri Poincare","url":"/works/poincare-science-and-hypothesis/#poincare-science-and-hypothesis-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"poincare-science-and-hypothesis-q8","title":"Science and Hypothesis","text":"The true relations between these real objects are the only reality we can attain","work":"Science and Hypothesis","author":"Henri Poincare","url":"/works/poincare-science-and-hypothesis/#poincare-science-and-hypothesis-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau-q1","title":"SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.","text":"Failure to disclose material facts must be deemed fraud or deceit within its intended meaning, for, as the experience of the 1920's and 1930's amply reveals, the darkness and ignorance of commercial secrecy are the conditions upon which predatory practices best thrive.","work":"SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau/#sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau-q2","title":"SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.","text":"The statute, in recognition of the adviser's fiduciary relationship to his clients, requires that his advice be disinterested.","work":"SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau/#sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau-q3","title":"SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.","text":"The high standards of business morality exacted by our laws regulating the securities industry do not permit an investment adviser to trade on the market effect of his own recommendations without fully and fairly revealing his personal interests in these recommendations to his clients.","work":"SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau/#sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau-q4","title":"SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.","text":"Experience has shown that disclosure in such situations, while not onerous to the adviser, is needed to preserve the climate of fair dealing which is so essential to maintain public confidence in the securities industry and to preserve the economic health of the country.","work":"SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau/#sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau-q5","title":"SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.","text":"The nondisclosed facts indicate no more than that the respondents personally profited from the foreseeable reaction to sound and impartial investment advice.","work":"SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau/#sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau-q6","title":"SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.","text":"However salutary may be thought the disclosure rule now fashioned by the Court, I can find no authority for it either in the statute or in any regulation duly promulgated thereunder by the S.E.C.","work":"SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau/#sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"sec-v-edwards-q1","title":"SEC v. Edwards","text":"So it did for the 10,000 people who invested a total of $300 million in the payphone sale-and-leaseback arrangements touted by respondent under that slogan.","work":"SEC v. Edwards","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-edwards/#sec-v-edwards-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"sec-v-edwards-q2","title":"SEC v. Edwards","text":"There is no reason to distinguish between promises of fixed returns and promises of variable returns for purposes of the test, so understood.","work":"SEC v. Edwards","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-edwards/#sec-v-edwards-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"sec-v-edwards-q3","title":"SEC v. Edwards","text":"Moreover, investments pitched as low risk (such as those offering a \"guaranteed\" fixed return) are particularly attractive to individuals more vulnerable to investment fraud, including older and less sophisticated investors.","work":"SEC v. Edwards","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-edwards/#sec-v-edwards-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"sec-v-edwards-q4","title":"SEC v. Edwards","text":"Under the reading respondent advances, unscrupulous marketers of investments could evade the securities laws by picking a rate of return to promise.","work":"SEC v. Edwards","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-edwards/#sec-v-edwards-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"sec-v-edwards-q5","title":"SEC v. Edwards","text":"The fact that investors have bargained for a return on their investment does not mean that the return is not also expected to come solely from the efforts of others.","work":"SEC v. Edwards","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-edwards/#sec-v-edwards-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"sec-v-edwards-q6","title":"SEC v. Edwards","text":"We hold that an investment scheme promising a fixed rate of return can be an \"investment contract\" and thus a \"security\" subject to the federal securities laws.","work":"SEC v. Edwards","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-edwards/#sec-v-edwards-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"sec-v-w-j-howey-co-q1","title":"SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.","text":"In other words, an investment contract for purposes of the Securities Act means a contract, transaction or scheme whereby a person invests his money in a common enterprise and is led to expect profits solely from the efforts of the promoter or a third party","work":"SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-w-j-howey-co/#sec-v-w-j-howey-co-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"sec-v-w-j-howey-co-q2","title":"SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.","text":"It embodies a flexible rather than a static principle, one that is capable of adaptation to meet the countless and variable schemes devised by those who seek the use of the money of others on the promise of profits.","work":"SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-w-j-howey-co/#sec-v-w-j-howey-co-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"sec-v-w-j-howey-co-q3","title":"SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.","text":"The test is whether the scheme involves an investment of money in a common enterprise with profits to come solely from the efforts of others.","work":"SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-w-j-howey-co/#sec-v-w-j-howey-co-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"sec-v-w-j-howey-co-q4","title":"SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.","text":"The statutory policy of affording broad protection to investors is not to be thwarted by unrealistic and irrelevant formulae.","work":"SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-w-j-howey-co/#sec-v-w-j-howey-co-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"sec-v-w-j-howey-co-q5","title":"SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.","text":"'Investment contract' is not a term of art; it is conception dependent upon the circumstances of a particular situation.","work":"SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-w-j-howey-co/#sec-v-w-j-howey-co-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"sec-v-w-j-howey-co-q6","title":"SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.","text":"I find nothing in the Securities Act to indicate that Congress meant to bring every innocent transaction within the scope of the Act simply because a perversion of them is covered by the Act.","work":"SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-w-j-howey-co/#sec-v-w-j-howey-co-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"lincoln-second-inaugural-address-q1","title":"Second Inaugural Address","text":"Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came.","work":"Second Inaugural Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/lincoln-second-inaugural-address/#lincoln-second-inaugural-address-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"lincoln-second-inaugural-address-q2","title":"Second Inaugural Address","text":"Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God, and each invokes His aid against the other.","work":"Second Inaugural Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/lincoln-second-inaugural-address/#lincoln-second-inaugural-address-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"lincoln-second-inaugural-address-q3","title":"Second Inaugural Address","text":"It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God's assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces, but let us judge not, that we be not judged.","work":"Second Inaugural Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/lincoln-second-inaugural-address/#lincoln-second-inaugural-address-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"lincoln-second-inaugural-address-q4","title":"Second Inaugural Address","text":"The Almighty has His own purposes.","work":"Second Inaugural Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/lincoln-second-inaugural-address/#lincoln-second-inaugural-address-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"lincoln-second-inaugural-address-q5","title":"Second Inaugural Address","text":"Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away.","work":"Second Inaugural Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/lincoln-second-inaugural-address/#lincoln-second-inaugural-address-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"lincoln-second-inaugural-address-q6","title":"Second Inaugural Address","text":"Yet, if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsman's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said \"the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether.\"","work":"Second Inaugural Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/lincoln-second-inaugural-address/#lincoln-second-inaugural-address-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"lincoln-second-inaugural-address-q7","title":"Second Inaugural Address","text":"With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.","work":"Second Inaugural Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/lincoln-second-inaugural-address/#lincoln-second-inaugural-address-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"webster-second-reply-to-hayne-q1","title":"Second Reply to Hayne","text":"When the mariner has been tossed for many days in thick weather, and on an unknown sea, he naturally avails himself of the first pause in the storm, the earliest glance of the sun, to take his latitude, and ascertain how far the elements have driven him from his true course.","work":"Second Reply to Hayne","author":"Daniel Webster","url":"/works/webster-second-reply-to-hayne/#webster-second-reply-to-hayne-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"webster-second-reply-to-hayne-q2","title":"Second Reply to Hayne","text":"We look upon the States, not as separated, but as united.","work":"Second Reply to Hayne","author":"Daniel Webster","url":"/works/webster-second-reply-to-hayne/#webster-second-reply-to-hayne-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"webster-second-reply-to-hayne-q3","title":"Second Reply to Hayne","text":"Mr. President, I shall enter on no encomium upon Massachusetts; she needs none. There she is. Behold her, and judge for yourselves.","work":"Second Reply to Hayne","author":"Daniel Webster","url":"/works/webster-second-reply-to-hayne/#webster-second-reply-to-hayne-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"webster-second-reply-to-hayne-q4","title":"Second Reply to Hayne","text":"It is, Sir, the people's Constitution, the people's government, made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people.","work":"Second Reply to Hayne","author":"Daniel Webster","url":"/works/webster-second-reply-to-hayne/#webster-second-reply-to-hayne-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"webster-second-reply-to-hayne-q5","title":"Second Reply to Hayne","text":"They are, in truth, the keystone of the arch! With these it is a government; without them it is a confederation.","work":"Second Reply to Hayne","author":"Daniel Webster","url":"/works/webster-second-reply-to-hayne/#webster-second-reply-to-hayne-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"webster-second-reply-to-hayne-q6","title":"Second Reply to Hayne","text":"That Union we reached only by the discipline of our virtues in the severe school of adversity.","work":"Second Reply to Hayne","author":"Daniel Webster","url":"/works/webster-second-reply-to-hayne/#webster-second-reply-to-hayne-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"webster-second-reply-to-hayne-q7","title":"Second Reply to Hayne","text":"God grant that, in my day, at least, that curtain may not rise!","work":"Second Reply to Hayne","author":"Daniel Webster","url":"/works/webster-second-reply-to-hayne/#webster-second-reply-to-hayne-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"webster-second-reply-to-hayne-q8","title":"Second Reply to Hayne","text":"Liberty and Union, now and for ever, one and inseparable!","work":"Second Reply to Hayne","author":"Daniel Webster","url":"/works/webster-second-reply-to-hayne/#webster-second-reply-to-hayne-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"second-treatise-of-government-q1","title":"Second Treatise of Government","text":"reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions","work":"Second Treatise of Government","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/second-treatise-of-government/#second-treatise-of-government-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"second-treatise-of-government-q2","title":"Second Treatise of Government","text":"But though this be a state of liberty, yet it is not a state of licence","work":"Second Treatise of Government","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/second-treatise-of-government/#second-treatise-of-government-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"second-treatise-of-government-q3","title":"Second Treatise of Government","text":"a man, not having the power of his own life, cannot, by compact, or his own consent, enslave himself to any one","work":"Second Treatise of Government","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/second-treatise-of-government/#second-treatise-of-government-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"second-treatise-of-government-q4","title":"Second Treatise of Government","text":"yet every man has a property in his own person: this no body has any right to but himself","work":"Second Treatise of Government","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/second-treatise-of-government/#second-treatise-of-government-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"second-treatise-of-government-q5","title":"Second Treatise of Government","text":"Nothing was made by God for man to spoil or destroy","work":"Second Treatise of Government","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/second-treatise-of-government/#second-treatise-of-government-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"second-treatise-of-government-q6","title":"Second Treatise of Government","text":"Thus in the beginning all the world was America, and more so than that is now; for no such thing as money was any where known","work":"Second Treatise of Government","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/second-treatise-of-government/#second-treatise-of-government-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"second-treatise-of-government-q7","title":"Second Treatise of Government","text":"where there is no law, there is no freedom: for liberty is, to be free from restraint and violence from others; which cannot be, where there is no law","work":"Second Treatise of Government","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/second-treatise-of-government/#second-treatise-of-government-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"second-treatise-of-government-q8","title":"Second Treatise of Government","text":"And so lunatics and ideots are never set free from the government of their parents","work":"Second Treatise of Government","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/second-treatise-of-government/#second-treatise-of-government-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"second-treatise-of-government-q9","title":"Second Treatise of Government","text":"Thus we are born free, as we are born rational; not that we have actually the exercise of either: age, that brings one, brings with it the other too","work":"Second Treatise of Government","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/second-treatise-of-government/#second-treatise-of-government-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"second-treatise-of-government-q10","title":"Second Treatise of Government","text":"The great and chief end, therefore, of men’s uniting into commonwealths, and putting themselves under government, is the preservation of their property","work":"Second Treatise of Government","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/second-treatise-of-government/#second-treatise-of-government-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"second-treatise-of-government-q11","title":"Second Treatise of Government","text":"Where-ever law ends, tyranny begins, if the law be transgressed to another’s harm","work":"Second Treatise of Government","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/second-treatise-of-government/#second-treatise-of-government-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"second-treatise-of-government-q12","title":"Second Treatise of Government","text":"But if a long train of abuses, prevarications and artifices, all tending the same way, make the design visible to the people","work":"Second Treatise of Government","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/second-treatise-of-government/#second-treatise-of-government-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"sense-and-sensibility-q1","title":"Sense and Sensibility","text":"The family of Dashwood had long been settled in Sussex","work":"Sense and Sensibility","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/sense-and-sensibility/#sense-and-sensibility-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"sense-and-sensibility-q2","title":"Sense and Sensibility","text":"Marianne’s abilities were, in many respects, quite equal to Elinor’s. She was sensible and clever; but eager in everything: her sorrows, her joys, could have no moderation","work":"Sense and Sensibility","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/sense-and-sensibility/#sense-and-sensibility-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"sense-and-sensibility-q3","title":"Sense and Sensibility","text":"the more I know of the world, the more am I convinced that I shall never see a man whom I can really love","work":"Sense and Sensibility","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/sense-and-sensibility/#sense-and-sensibility-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"sense-and-sensibility-q4","title":"Sense and Sensibility","text":"It is not time or opportunity that is to determine intimacy;—it is disposition alone","work":"Sense and Sensibility","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/sense-and-sensibility/#sense-and-sensibility-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"sense-and-sensibility-q5","title":"Sense and Sensibility","text":"Marianne would have thought herself very inexcusable had she been able to sleep at all the first night after parting from Willoughby","work":"Sense and Sensibility","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/sense-and-sensibility/#sense-and-sensibility-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"sense-and-sensibility-q6","title":"Sense and Sensibility","text":"Marianne Dashwood was born to an extraordinary fate","work":"Sense and Sensibility","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/sense-and-sensibility/#sense-and-sensibility-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"sermons-and-letter-from-birmingham-jail-q1","title":"Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail","text":"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere","work":"Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail","author":"Martin Luther King Jr.","url":"/works/sermons-and-letter-from-birmingham-jail/#sermons-and-letter-from-birmingham-jail-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"sermons-and-letter-from-birmingham-jail-q2","title":"Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail","text":"Justice too long delayed is justice denied","work":"Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail","author":"Martin Luther King Jr.","url":"/works/sermons-and-letter-from-birmingham-jail/#sermons-and-letter-from-birmingham-jail-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"shane-q1","title":"Shane","text":"He rode into our valley in the summer of '89.","work":"Shane","author":"Jack Schaefer","url":"/works/shane/#shane-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon-q1","title":"Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon","text":"The burden is on the party opposing arbitration, however, to show that Congress intended to preclude a waiver of judicial remedies for the statutory rights at issue.","work":"Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon/#shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon-q2","title":"Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon","text":"Thus, the mistrust of arbitration that formed the basis for the Wilko opinion in 1953 is difficult to square with the assessment of arbitration that has prevailed since that time.","work":"Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon/#shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon-q3","title":"Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon","text":"Accordingly, the McMahons, \"having made the bargain to arbitrate,\" will be held to their bargain.","work":"Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon/#shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon-q4","title":"Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon","text":"Both the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 were enacted to protect investors from predatory behavior of securities industry personnel.","work":"Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon/#shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon-q5","title":"Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon","text":"Yet, like a ghost reluctant to accept its eternal rest, the \"colorable argument\" surfaced again, this time in a concurring opinion.","work":"Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon/#shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon-q6","title":"Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon","text":"But after a statute has been construed, either by this Court or by a consistent course of decision by other federal judges and agencies, it acquires a meaning that should be as clear as if the judicial gloss had been drafted by the Congress itself.","work":"Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon/#shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"silas-marner-q1","title":"Silas Marner","text":"there is no just God that governs the earth righteously, but a God of lies, that bears witness against the innocent","work":"Silas Marner","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/silas-marner/#silas-marner-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"silas-marner-q2","title":"Silas Marner","text":"Favourable Chance, I fancy, is the god of all men who follow their own devices instead of obeying a law they believe in.","work":"Silas Marner","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/silas-marner/#silas-marner-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"silas-marner-q3","title":"Silas Marner","text":"the child was come instead of the gold—that the gold had turned into the child","work":"Silas Marner","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/silas-marner/#silas-marner-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"silas-marner-q4","title":"Silas Marner","text":"In old days there were angels who came and took men by the hand and led them away from the city of destruction. We see no white-winged angels now. But yet men are led away from threatening destruction: a hand is put into theirs, which leads them forth gently towards a calm and bright land, so that they look no more backward; and the hand may be a little child’s.","work":"Silas Marner","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/silas-marner/#silas-marner-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"silas-marner-q5","title":"Silas Marner","text":"And all as we’ve got to do is to trusten, Master Marner—to do the right thing as fur as we know, and to trusten.","work":"Silas Marner","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/silas-marner/#silas-marner-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"silas-marner-q6","title":"Silas Marner","text":"That drawing o’ the lots is dark; but the child was sent to me: there’s dealings with us—there’s dealings.","work":"Silas Marner","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/silas-marner/#silas-marner-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"silas-marner-q7","title":"Silas Marner","text":"And he’s took care of me and loved me from the first, and I’ll cleave to him as long as he lives, and nobody shall ever come between him and me.","work":"Silas Marner","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/silas-marner/#silas-marner-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"silas-marner-q8","title":"Silas Marner","text":"Marner was in the right in what he said about a man’s turning away a blessing from his door: it falls to somebody else. I wanted to pass for childless once, Nancy—I shall pass for childless now against my wish.","work":"Silas Marner","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/silas-marner/#silas-marner-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"silas-marner-q9","title":"Silas Marner","text":"what a pretty home ours is! I think nobody could be happier than we are.","work":"Silas Marner","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/silas-marner/#silas-marner-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"sir-gawain-and-the-green-knight-q1","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight","text":"For I know well that ye are Sir Gawain, whom all the world worships, wheresoever ye may ride","work":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/sir-gawain-and-the-green-knight/#sir-gawain-and-the-green-knight-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"pirandello-three-plays-q1","title":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","text":"one is born to life in many forms, in many shapes, as tree, or as stone, as water, as butterfly, or as woman. So one may also be born a character in a play.","work":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","author":"Luigi Pirandello","url":"/works/pirandello-three-plays/#pirandello-three-plays-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"pirandello-three-plays-q2","title":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","text":"he who has had the luck to be born a character can laugh even at death. He cannot die.","work":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","author":"Luigi Pirandello","url":"/works/pirandello-three-plays/#pirandello-three-plays-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"pirandello-three-plays-q3","title":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","text":"We believe this conscience to be a single thing, but it is many-sided.","work":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","author":"Luigi Pirandello","url":"/works/pirandello-three-plays/#pirandello-three-plays-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"pirandello-three-plays-q4","title":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","text":"Pretence? Reality, sir, reality!","work":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","author":"Luigi Pirandello","url":"/works/pirandello-three-plays/#pirandello-three-plays-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"pirandello-three-plays-q5","title":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","text":"woe to him who doesn't know how to wear his mask, be he king or Pope!","work":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","author":"Luigi Pirandello","url":"/works/pirandello-three-plays/#pirandello-three-plays-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"pirandello-three-plays-q6","title":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","text":"I am cured, gentlemen: because I can act the mad man to perfection, here; and I do it very quietly","work":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","author":"Luigi Pirandello","url":"/works/pirandello-three-plays/#pirandello-three-plays-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"pirandello-three-plays-q7","title":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","text":"I am the daughter of Signora Frola, and I am the second wife of Signor Ponza.","work":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","author":"Luigi Pirandello","url":"/works/pirandello-three-plays/#pirandello-three-plays-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"pirandello-three-plays-q8","title":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","text":"Well, and there, my friends, you have the truth! But are you satisfied?","work":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","author":"Luigi Pirandello","url":"/works/pirandello-three-plays/#pirandello-three-plays-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"slaughter-house-cases-q1","title":"Slaughter-House Cases","text":"no one can fail to be impressed with the one pervading purpose found in them all, lying at the foundation of each, and without which none of them would have been even suggested; we mean the freedom of the slave race, the security and firm establishment of that freedom, and the protection of the newly-made freeman and citizen from the oppressions of those who had formerly exercised unlimited dominion over him.","work":"Slaughter-House Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/slaughter-house-cases/#slaughter-house-cases-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"slaughter-house-cases-q2","title":"Slaughter-House Cases","text":"It is quite clear, then, that there is a citizenship of the United States, and a citizenship of a State, which are distinct from each other, and which depend upon different characteristics or circumstances in the individual.","work":"Slaughter-House Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/slaughter-house-cases/#slaughter-house-cases-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"slaughter-house-cases-q3","title":"Slaughter-House Cases","text":"But, however pervading this sentiment, and however it may have contributed to the adoption of the amendments we have been considering, we do not see in those amendments any purpose to destroy the main features of the general system.","work":"Slaughter-House Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/slaughter-house-cases/#slaughter-house-cases-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"slaughter-house-cases-q4","title":"Slaughter-House Cases","text":"It is nothing less than the question whether the recent amendments to the Federal Constitution protect the citizens of the United States against the deprivation of their common rights by State legislation.","work":"Slaughter-House Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/slaughter-house-cases/#slaughter-house-cases-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"slaughter-house-cases-q5","title":"Slaughter-House Cases","text":"The abolition of slavery and involuntary servitude was intended to make every one born in this country a freeman, and as such to give to him the right to pursue the ordinary avocations of life without other restraint than such as affects all others, and to enjoy equally with them the fruits of his labor.","work":"Slaughter-House Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/slaughter-house-cases/#slaughter-house-cases-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"slaughter-house-cases-q6","title":"Slaughter-House Cases","text":"And, in my judgment, the right of any citizen to follow whatever lawful employment he chooses to adopt (submitting himself to all lawful regulations) is one of his most valuable rights, and one which the legislature of a State cannot invade, whether restrained by its own constitution or not.","work":"Slaughter-House Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/slaughter-house-cases/#slaughter-house-cases-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"sonnet-116-q1","title":"Sonnet 116","text":"Let me not to the marriage of true minds Admit impediments.","work":"Sonnet 116","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/sonnet-116/#sonnet-116-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"sonnet-116-q2","title":"Sonnet 116","text":"Love is not love Which alters when it alteration finds, Or bends with the remover to remove:","work":"Sonnet 116","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/sonnet-116/#sonnet-116-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"sonnet-116-q3","title":"Sonnet 116","text":"O, no! it is an ever-fixed mark, That looks on tempests and is never shaken;","work":"Sonnet 116","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/sonnet-116/#sonnet-116-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"sonnet-116-q4","title":"Sonnet 116","text":"It is the star to every wandering bark, Whose worth’s unknown, although his height be taken.","work":"Sonnet 116","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/sonnet-116/#sonnet-116-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"sonnet-116-q5","title":"Sonnet 116","text":"Love’s not Time’s fool, though rosy lips and cheeks Within his bending sickle’s compass come;","work":"Sonnet 116","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/sonnet-116/#sonnet-116-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"sonnet-116-q6","title":"Sonnet 116","text":"Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, But bears it out even to the edge of doom.","work":"Sonnet 116","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/sonnet-116/#sonnet-116-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"sonnet-116-q7","title":"Sonnet 116","text":"If this be error and upon me prov’d, I never writ, nor no man ever lov’d.","work":"Sonnet 116","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/sonnet-116/#sonnet-116-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"shakespeares-sonnets-q1","title":"Sonnets","text":"So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.","work":"Sonnets","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/shakespeares-sonnets/#shakespeares-sonnets-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"shakespeares-sonnets-q2","title":"Sonnets","text":"Haply I think on thee, and then my state, Like to the lark at break of day arising From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven’s gate;","work":"Sonnets","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/shakespeares-sonnets/#shakespeares-sonnets-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"shakespeares-sonnets-q3","title":"Sonnets","text":"Not marble, nor the gilded monuments Of princes, shall outlive this powerful rhyme;","work":"Sonnets","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/shakespeares-sonnets/#shakespeares-sonnets-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"shakespeares-sonnets-q4","title":"Sonnets","text":"This thou perceiv’st, which makes thy love more strong, To love that well, which thou must leave ere long.","work":"Sonnets","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/shakespeares-sonnets/#shakespeares-sonnets-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"shakespeares-sonnets-q5","title":"Sonnets","text":"Let me not to the marriage of true minds Admit impediments. Love is not love Which alters when it alteration finds, Or bends with the remover to remove:","work":"Sonnets","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/shakespeares-sonnets/#shakespeares-sonnets-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"shakespeares-sonnets-q6","title":"Sonnets","text":"And yet by heaven, I think my love as rare, As any she belied with false compare.","work":"Sonnets","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/shakespeares-sonnets/#shakespeares-sonnets-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"shakespeares-sonnets-q7","title":"Sonnets","text":"So shall thou feed on Death, that feeds on men, And Death once dead, there’s no more dying then.","work":"Sonnets","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/shakespeares-sonnets/#shakespeares-sonnets-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"shakespeares-sonnets-q8","title":"Sonnets","text":"My reason, the physician to my love, Angry that his prescriptions are not kept,","work":"Sonnets","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/shakespeares-sonnets/#shakespeares-sonnets-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury-q1","title":"Speech to the Troops at Tilbury","text":"I do not desire to live to distrust my faithful and loving people.","work":"Speech to the Troops at Tilbury","author":"Elizabeth I","url":"/works/elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury/#elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury-q2","title":"Speech to the Troops at Tilbury","text":"Let tyrants fear, I have always so behaved myself that, under God, I have placed my chiefest strength and safeguard in the loyal hearts and good-will of my subjects;","work":"Speech to the Troops at Tilbury","author":"Elizabeth I","url":"/works/elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury/#elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury-q3","title":"Speech to the Troops at Tilbury","text":"to live and die amongst you all; to lay down for my God, and for my kingdom, and my people, my honour and my blood, even in the dust.","work":"Speech to the Troops at Tilbury","author":"Elizabeth I","url":"/works/elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury/#elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury-q4","title":"Speech to the Troops at Tilbury","text":"I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too,","work":"Speech to the Troops at Tilbury","author":"Elizabeth I","url":"/works/elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury/#elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury-q5","title":"Speech to the Troops at Tilbury","text":"I myself will take up arms, I myself will be your general, judge, and rewarder of every one of your virtues in the field.","work":"Speech to the Troops at Tilbury","author":"Elizabeth I","url":"/works/elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury/#elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury-q6","title":"Speech to the Troops at Tilbury","text":"by your obedience to my general, by your concord in the camp, and your valour in the field, we shall shortly have a famous victory over those enemies of my God, of my kingdom, and of my people.","work":"Speech to the Troops at Tilbury","author":"Elizabeth I","url":"/works/elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury/#elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"compromise-of-1850-speeches-q1","title":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","text":"If my plan of peace, and accommodation, and harmony, is not right, present us your plan.","work":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","author":"Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster","url":"/works/compromise-of-1850-speeches/#compromise-of-1850-speeches-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"compromise-of-1850-speeches-q2","title":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","text":"War and dissolution of the Union are identical and inevitable, in my opinion. There can be a dissolution of the Union only by consent or by war.","work":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","author":"Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster","url":"/works/compromise-of-1850-speeches/#compromise-of-1850-speeches-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"compromise-of-1850-speeches-q3","title":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","text":"I implore, as the best blessing which Heaven can bestow upon me, upon earth, that if the direful event of the dissolution of this Union is to happen, I shall not survive to behold the sad and heart-rending spectacle.","work":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","author":"Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster","url":"/works/compromise-of-1850-speeches/#compromise-of-1850-speeches-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"compromise-of-1850-speeches-q4","title":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","text":"The cords that bind the States together are not only many, but various in character.","work":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","author":"Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster","url":"/works/compromise-of-1850-speeches/#compromise-of-1850-speeches-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"compromise-of-1850-speeches-q5","title":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","text":"Having now shown what cannot save the Union, I return to the question with which I commenced, How can the Union be saved ?","work":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","author":"Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster","url":"/works/compromise-of-1850-speeches/#compromise-of-1850-speeches-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"compromise-of-1850-speeches-q6","title":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","text":"The South asks for justice, simple justice, and less she ought not to take.","work":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","author":"Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster","url":"/works/compromise-of-1850-speeches/#compromise-of-1850-speeches-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"compromise-of-1850-speeches-q7","title":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","text":"I wish to speak to-day, not as a Massachusetts man, nor as a Northern man, but as an American, and a member of the Senate of the United States.","work":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","author":"Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster","url":"/works/compromise-of-1850-speeches/#compromise-of-1850-speeches-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"compromise-of-1850-speeches-q8","title":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","text":"There can be no such thing as a peaceable secession. Peaceable secession is an utter impossibility.","work":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","author":"Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster","url":"/works/compromise-of-1850-speeches/#compromise-of-1850-speeches-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"st-dymphna-and-geel-q1","title":"St. Dymphna and the Geel Colony","text":"The earliest historical account of the veneration of St. Dymphna dates from the middle of the thirteenth century","work":"St. Dymphna and the Geel Colony","author":"Pierre of Cambrai; Geel tradition","url":"/works/st-dymphna-and-geel/#st-dymphna-and-geel-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"st-dymphna-and-geel-q2","title":"St. Dymphna and the Geel Colony","text":"This narrative is without any historical foundation, being merely a variation of the story of the king who wanted to marry his own daughter, a motif which appears frequently in popular legends","work":"St. Dymphna and the Geel Colony","author":"Pierre of Cambrai; Geel tradition","url":"/works/st-dymphna-and-geel/#st-dymphna-and-geel-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"st-dymphna-and-geel-q3","title":"St. Dymphna and the Geel Colony","text":"The insane are treated in a peculiar manner; it is only in the beginning that they are placed in an institution for observation; later they are given shelter in the homes of the inhabitants, take part in their agricultural labours, and are treated very kindly","work":"St. Dymphna and the Geel Colony","author":"Pierre of Cambrai; Geel tradition","url":"/works/st-dymphna-and-geel/#st-dymphna-and-geel-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"st-patricks-writings-q1","title":"St. Patrick's Writings","text":"Ego Patricius peccator, rusticissimus et minimus omnium fidelium, et contemptibilissimus apud plurimos","work":"St. Patrick's Writings","author":"Patrick of Ireland; Muirchu; Tirechan","url":"/works/st-patricks-writings/#st-patricks-writings-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"st-patricks-writings-q2","title":"St. Patrick's Writings","text":"Annorum eram tunc fere sedecim","work":"St. Patrick's Writings","author":"Patrick of Ireland; Muirchu; Tirechan","url":"/works/st-patricks-writings/#st-patricks-writings-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"st-patricks-writings-q3","title":"St. Patrick's Writings","text":"Rogamus te, sancte puer, ut venias et adhuc ambules inter nos","work":"St. Patrick's Writings","author":"Patrick of Ireland; Muirchu; Tirechan","url":"/works/st-patricks-writings/#st-patricks-writings-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"st-patricks-writings-q4","title":"St. Patrick's Writings","text":"Ego Patricius peccator indoctus scilicet Hiberione constitutus episcopum me esse fateor","work":"St. Patrick's Writings","author":"Patrick of Ireland; Muirchu; Tirechan","url":"/works/st-patricks-writings/#st-patricks-writings-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"st-thomas-becket-and-canterbury-miracles-q1","title":"St. Thomas Becket and the Canterbury Miracles","text":"And anon the knights smote him, and one of them smote off the crown of his head, and another brake the point of his sword upon the pavement","work":"St. Thomas Becket and the Canterbury Miracles","author":"Edward Grim; Benedict of Peterborough; William of Canterbury tradition","url":"/works/st-thomas-becket-and-canterbury-miracles/#st-thomas-becket-and-canterbury-miracles-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"st-vitus-and-dancing-mania-q1","title":"St. Vitus and the Dancing Mania","text":"St. Vitus is appealed to, above all, against epilepsy, which is called St. Vitus's Dance, and he is one of the Fourteen Martyrs who give aid in times of trouble","work":"St. Vitus and the Dancing Mania","author":"Vitus tradition; J. F. C. Hecker; Benjamin Guy Babington","url":"/works/st-vitus-and-dancing-mania/#st-vitus-and-dancing-mania-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"st-vitus-and-dancing-mania-q2","title":"St. Vitus and the Dancing Mania","text":"Strasburg was visited by the \"Dancing Plague\" in the year 1418, and the same infatuation existed among the people there, as in the towns of Belgium and the Lower Rhine","work":"St. Vitus and the Dancing Mania","author":"Vitus tradition; J. F. C. Hecker; Benjamin Guy Babington","url":"/works/st-vitus-and-dancing-mania/#st-vitus-and-dancing-mania-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"st-vitus-and-dancing-mania-q3","title":"St. Vitus and the Dancing Mania","text":"Paracelsus divides the St. Vitus's dance into three kinds. First, that which arises from imagination (Vitista, Chorea imaginativa, aestimativa), by which the original Dancing Plague was to be understood","work":"St. Vitus and the Dancing Mania","author":"Vitus tradition; J. F. C. Hecker; Benjamin Guy Babington","url":"/works/st-vitus-and-dancing-mania/#st-vitus-and-dancing-mania-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"st-vitus-and-dancing-mania-q4","title":"St. Vitus and the Dancing Mania","text":"Our business here is only with that morbid sympathy by the aid of which the dancing mania of the Middle Ages grew into a real epidemic","work":"St. Vitus and the Dancing Mania","author":"Vitus tradition; J. F. C. Hecker; Benjamin Guy Babington","url":"/works/st-vitus-and-dancing-mania/#st-vitus-and-dancing-mania-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"standard-oil-v-united-states-q1","title":"Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States","text":"Thus, not specifying but indubitably contemplating and requiring a standard, it follows that it was intended that the standard of reason which had been applied at the common law, and in this country, in dealing with subjects of the character embraced by the statute, was intended to be the measure used for the purpose of determining whether, in a given case, a particular act had or had not brought about the wrong against which the statute provided.","work":"Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/standard-oil-v-united-states/#standard-oil-v-united-states-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"standard-oil-v-united-states-q2","title":"Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States","text":"And, of course, when the second section is thus harmonized with and made as it was intended to be the complement of the first, it becomes obvious that the criteria to be resorted to in any given case for the purpose of ascertaining whether violations of the section have been committed is the rule of reason, guided by the established law and by the plain duty to enforce the prohibitions of the act, and thus the public policy which its restrictions were obviously enacted to subserve.","work":"Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/standard-oil-v-united-states/#standard-oil-v-united-states-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"standard-oil-v-united-states-q3","title":"Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States","text":"In other words, that freedom to contract was the essence of freedom from undue restraint on the right to contract.","work":"Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/standard-oil-v-united-states/#standard-oil-v-united-states-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"standard-oil-v-united-states-q4","title":"Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States","text":"I concur in holding that the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey and its subsidiary companies constitute a combination in restraint of interstate commerce, and that they have attempted to monopolize and have monopolized parts of such commerce—all in violation of what is known as the Anti-Trust Act of 1890.","work":"Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/standard-oil-v-united-states/#standard-oil-v-united-states-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"standard-oil-v-united-states-q5","title":"Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States","text":"The Nation had been rid of human slavery—fortunately, as all now feel—but the conviction was universal that the country was in real danger from another kind of slavery sought to be fastened on the American people, namely, the slavery that would result from aggregations of capital in the hands of a few individuals and corporations controlling, for their own profit and advantage exclusively, the entire business of the country, including the production and sale of the necessaries of life.","work":"Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/standard-oil-v-united-states/#standard-oil-v-united-states-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"standard-oil-v-united-states-q6","title":"Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States","text":"This is the more necessary because the court by its decision, when interpreted by the language of its opinion, has not only upset the long-settled interpretation of the act, but has usurped the constitutional functions of the legislative branch of the Government.","work":"Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/standard-oil-v-united-states/#standard-oil-v-united-states-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-statesman-q1","title":"Statesman","text":"the pilot of the universe let the helm go, and retired to his place of view; and then Fate and innate desire reversed the motion of the world.","work":"Statesman","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-statesman/#plato-statesman-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-statesman-q2","title":"Statesman","text":"just as the physician, whether he cures us against our will or with our will, and whatever be his mode of treatment,--incision, burning, or the infliction of some other pain,--whether he practises out of a book or not out of a book","work":"Statesman","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-statesman/#plato-statesman-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-statesman-q3","title":"Statesman","text":"But the law is always striving to make one;--like an obstinate and ignorant tyrant, who will not allow anything to be done contrary to his appointment, or any question to be asked","work":"Statesman","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-statesman/#plato-statesman-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-statesman-q4","title":"Statesman","text":"And this therefore is the worst of all lawful governments, and the best of all lawless ones.","work":"Statesman","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-statesman/#plato-statesman-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-statesman-q5","title":"Statesman","text":"Because courage, when untempered by the gentler nature during many generations, may at first bloom and strengthen, but at last bursts forth into downright madness.","work":"Statesman","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-statesman/#plato-statesman-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"plato-statesman-q6","title":"Statesman","text":"never to allow temperate natures to be separated from the brave, but to weave them together, like the warp and the woof, by common sentiments and honours and reputation, and by the giving of pledges to one another","work":"Statesman","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-statesman/#plato-statesman-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde-q1","title":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","text":"I let my brother go to the devil in his own way.","work":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde/#the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde-q2","title":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","text":"If he be Mr. Hyde,” he had thought, “I shall be Mr. Seek.","work":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde/#the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde-q3","title":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","text":"the moment I choose, I can be rid of Mr. Hyde.","work":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde/#the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde-q4","title":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","text":"If I am the chief of sinners, I am the chief of sufferers also.","work":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde/#the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde-q5","title":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","text":"My life is shaken to its roots; sleep has left me; the deadliest terror sits by me at all hours of the day and night","work":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde/#the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde-q6","title":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","text":"man is not truly one, but truly two.","work":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde/#the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde-q7","title":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","text":"all human beings, as we meet them, are commingled out of good and evil: and Edward Hyde, alone in the ranks of mankind, was pure evil.","work":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde/#the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde-q8","title":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","text":"I was slowly losing hold of my original and better self, and becoming slowly incorporated with my second and worse.","work":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde/#the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"sts-cosmas-and-damian-q1","title":"Sts. Cosmas and Damian: Physician Saints","text":"Cosmas and Damian are regarded as the patrons of physicians and surgeons and are sometimes represented with medical emblems","work":"Sts. Cosmas and Damian: Physician Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; Byzantine miracle tradition","url":"/works/sts-cosmas-and-damian/#sts-cosmas-and-damian-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"sts-cosmas-and-damian-q2","title":"Sts. Cosmas and Damian: Physician Saints","text":"Having been cured of a dangerous illness by the intercession of Cosmas and Damian, Justinian, in gratitude for their aid, rebuilt and adorned their church at Constantinople, and it became a celebrated place of pilgrimage","work":"Sts. Cosmas and Damian: Physician Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; Byzantine miracle tradition","url":"/works/sts-cosmas-and-damian/#sts-cosmas-and-damian-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"sts-cosmas-and-damian-q3","title":"Sts. Cosmas and Damian: Physician Saints","text":"The physician saints were called anargyroi, unmercenaries, because their legends remember them as healers who did not take payment for medicine","work":"Sts. Cosmas and Damian: Physician Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; Byzantine miracle tradition","url":"/works/sts-cosmas-and-damian/#sts-cosmas-and-damian-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"sts-roch-and-sebastian-q1","title":"Sts. Roch and Sebastian: Plague Saints","text":"At Piacenza, he himself was stricken with the plague","work":"Sts. Roch and Sebastian: Plague Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; Francesco Diedo tradition; later plague devotion","url":"/works/sts-roch-and-sebastian/#sts-roch-and-sebastian-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"sts-roch-and-sebastian-q2","title":"Sts. Roch and Sebastian: Plague Saints","text":"Everywhere the terrible scourge disappeared before his miraculous power","work":"Sts. Roch and Sebastian: Plague Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; Francesco Diedo tradition; later plague devotion","url":"/works/sts-roch-and-sebastian/#sts-roch-and-sebastian-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"sts-roch-and-sebastian-q3","title":"Sts. Roch and Sebastian: Plague Saints","text":"Diocletian, cruel emperor of Rome, commanded that Sebastian should be led into the middle of a field and there bound to a stake, and that his archers should shoot at him till he was as full of arrows as an urchin is full of pricks","work":"Sts. Roch and Sebastian: Plague Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; Francesco Diedo tradition; later plague devotion","url":"/works/sts-roch-and-sebastian/#sts-roch-and-sebastian-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"stuart-little-q1","title":"Stuart Little","text":"When Mrs. Frederick C. Little's second son arrived, everybody noticed that he was not much bigger than a mouse.","work":"Stuart Little","author":"E. B. White","url":"/works/stuart-little/#stuart-little-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"stuart-little-q2","title":"Stuart Little","text":"But the sky was bright, and he somehow felt he was headed in the right direction.","work":"Stuart Little","author":"E. B. White","url":"/works/stuart-little/#stuart-little-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"summa-theologica-q1","title":"Summa Theologica","text":"Since therefore grace does not destroy nature but perfects it, natural reason should minister to faith as the natural bent of the will ministers to charity","work":"Summa Theologica","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/summa-theologica/#summa-theologica-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"summa-theologica-q2","title":"Summa Theologica","text":"If, therefore, God existed, there would be no evil discoverable; but there is evil in the world. Therefore God does not exist","work":"Summa Theologica","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/summa-theologica/#summa-theologica-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"summa-theologica-q3","title":"Summa Theologica","text":"I answer that,_ The existence of God can be proved in five ways","work":"Summa Theologica","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/summa-theologica/#summa-theologica-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"summa-theologica-q4","title":"Summa Theologica","text":"Therefore some intelligent being exists by whom all natural things are directed to their end; and this being we call God","work":"Summa Theologica","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/summa-theologica/#summa-theologica-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"summa-theologica-q5","title":"Summa Theologica","text":"Since God is the highest good, He would not allow any evil to exist in His works, unless His omnipotence and goodness were such as to bring good even out of evil","work":"Summa Theologica","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/summa-theologica/#summa-theologica-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"summa-theologica-q6","title":"Summa Theologica","text":"For the soul is the primary principle of our nourishment, sensation, and local movement; and likewise of our understanding","work":"Summa Theologica","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/summa-theologica/#summa-theologica-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"summa-theologica-q7","title":"Summa Theologica","text":"For when the act of the imagination is hindered by a lesion of the corporeal organ, for instance in a case of frenzy; or when the act of the memory is hindered, as in the case of lethargy, we see that a man is hindered from actually understanding things of which he had a previous knowledge","work":"Summa Theologica","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/summa-theologica/#summa-theologica-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"summa-theologica-q8","title":"Summa Theologica","text":"If, however, the evaporation be somewhat less, phantasms appear, but distorted and without sequence; thus it happens in a case of fever","work":"Summa Theologica","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/summa-theologica/#summa-theologica-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"summa-theologica-q9","title":"Summa Theologica","text":"so that sometimes while asleep a man may judge that what he sees is a dream, discerning, as it were, between things, and their images","work":"Summa Theologica","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/summa-theologica/#summa-theologica-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"summa-theologica-q10","title":"Summa Theologica","text":"thus of all animals he has the least sense of smell. For man needs the largest brain as compared to the body","work":"Summa Theologica","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/summa-theologica/#summa-theologica-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"summa-theologica-q11","title":"Summa Theologica","text":"Indeed, the commotion of the spirits and humors may be so great that such appearances may even occur to those who are awake, as is seen in mad people, and the like","work":"Summa Theologica","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/summa-theologica/#summa-theologica-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"summa-theologica-q12","title":"Summa Theologica","text":"The majority of men follow their passions, which are movements of the sensitive appetite, in which movements of the heavenly bodies can cooperate: but few are wise enough to resist these passions","work":"Summa Theologica","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/summa-theologica/#summa-theologica-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"surprised-by-joy-q1","title":"Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life","text":"A young man who wishes to remain a sound Atheist cannot be too careful of his reading.","work":"Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/surprised-by-joy/#surprised-by-joy-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"surprised-by-joy-q2","title":"Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life","text":"the most dejected and reluctant convert in all England","work":"Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/surprised-by-joy/#surprised-by-joy-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"proust-swanns-way-q1","title":"Swann's Way","text":"For a long time I used to go to bed early.","work":"Swann's Way","author":"Marcel Proust","url":"/works/proust-swanns-way/#proust-swanns-way-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"proust-swanns-way-q2","title":"Swann's Way","text":"The past is hidden somewhere outside the realm, beyond the reach of intellect, in some material object (in the sensation which that material object will give us) which we do not suspect.","work":"Swann's Way","author":"Marcel Proust","url":"/works/proust-swanns-way/#proust-swanns-way-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"proust-swanns-way-q3","title":"Swann's Way","text":"the smell and taste of things remain poised a long time, like souls, ready to remind us, waiting and hoping for their moment, amid the ruins of all the rest; and bear unfaltering, in the tiny and almost impalpable drop of their essence, the vast structure of recollection.","work":"Swann's Way","author":"Marcel Proust","url":"/works/proust-swanns-way/#proust-swanns-way-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"proust-swanns-way-q4","title":"Swann's Way","text":"I found the whole path throbbing with the fragrance of hawthorn-blossom.","work":"Swann's Way","author":"Marcel Proust","url":"/works/proust-swanns-way/#proust-swanns-way-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"proust-swanns-way-q5","title":"Swann's Way","text":"Swann's love had reached that stage at which the physician and (in the case of certain affections) the boldest of surgeons ask themselves whether to deprive a patient of his vice or to rid him of his malady is still reasonable, or indeed possible.","work":"Swann's Way","author":"Marcel Proust","url":"/works/proust-swanns-way/#proust-swanns-way-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"proust-swanns-way-q6","title":"Swann's Way","text":"To think that I have wasted years of my life, that I have longed for death, that the greatest love that I have ever known has been for a woman who did not please me, who was not in my style!","work":"Swann's Way","author":"Marcel Proust","url":"/works/proust-swanns-way/#proust-swanns-way-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"proust-swanns-way-q7","title":"Swann's Way","text":"remembrance of a particular form is but regret for a particular moment; and houses, roads, avenues are as fugitive, alas, as the years.","work":"Swann's Way","author":"Marcel Proust","url":"/works/proust-swanns-way/#proust-swanns-way-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"sweatt-v-painter-q1","title":"Sweatt v. Painter","text":"What is more important, the University of Texas Law School possesses to a far greater degree those qualities which are incapable of objective measurement but which make for greatness in a law school.","work":"Sweatt v. Painter","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sweatt-v-painter/#sweatt-v-painter-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"sweatt-v-painter-q2","title":"Sweatt v. Painter","text":"It is difficult to believe that one who had a free choice between these law schools would consider the question close.","work":"Sweatt v. Painter","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sweatt-v-painter/#sweatt-v-painter-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"sweatt-v-painter-q3","title":"Sweatt v. Painter","text":"The law school, the proving ground for legal learning and practice, cannot be effective in isolation from the individuals and institutions with which the law interacts.","work":"Sweatt v. Painter","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sweatt-v-painter/#sweatt-v-painter-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"sweatt-v-painter-q4","title":"Sweatt v. Painter","text":"Few students and no one who has practiced law would choose to study in an academic vacuum, removed from the interplay of ideas and the exchange of views with which the law is concerned.","work":"Sweatt v. Painter","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sweatt-v-painter/#sweatt-v-painter-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"sweatt-v-painter-q5","title":"Sweatt v. Painter","text":"It is fundamental that these cases concern rights which are personal and present.","work":"Sweatt v. Painter","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sweatt-v-painter/#sweatt-v-painter-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"sweatt-v-painter-q6","title":"Sweatt v. Painter","text":"We hold that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment requires that petitioner be admitted to the University of Texas Law School.","work":"Sweatt v. Painter","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sweatt-v-painter/#sweatt-v-painter-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"poe-tales-q1","title":"Tales (Selection)","text":"The mental features discoursed of as the analytical, are, in themselves, but little susceptible of analysis.","work":"Tales (Selection)","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/poe-tales/#poe-tales-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"poe-tales-q2","title":"Tales (Selection)","text":"there is such a thing as being too profound. Truth is not always in a well.","work":"Tales (Selection)","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/poe-tales/#poe-tales-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"poe-tales-q3","title":"Tales (Selection)","text":"Perhaps the mystery is a little too plain","work":"Tales (Selection)","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/poe-tales/#poe-tales-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"poe-tales-q4","title":"Tales (Selection)","text":"During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens","work":"Tales (Selection)","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/poe-tales/#poe-tales-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"poe-tales-q5","title":"Tales (Selection)","text":"Madman! I tell you that she now stands without the door!","work":"Tales (Selection)","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/poe-tales/#poe-tales-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"poe-tales-q6","title":"Tales (Selection)","text":"And Darkness and Decay and the Red Death held illimitable dominion over all.","work":"Tales (Selection)","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/poe-tales/#poe-tales-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"poe-tales-q7","title":"Tales (Selection)","text":"True!—nervous—very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad?","work":"Tales (Selection)","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/poe-tales/#poe-tales-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"poe-tales-q8","title":"Tales (Selection)","text":"I must not only punish, but punish with impunity.","work":"Tales (Selection)","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/poe-tales/#poe-tales-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"tales-from-shakespeare-q1","title":"Tales from Shakespeare","text":"There was a certain island in the sea, the only inhabitants of which were an old man, whose name was Prospero, and his daughter Miranda, a very beautiful young lady.","work":"Tales from Shakespeare","author":"Charles and Mary Lamb","url":"/works/tales-from-shakespeare/#tales-from-shakespeare-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"tales-from-shakespeare-q2","title":"Tales from Shakespeare","text":"they have only to think that they have been asleep and dreaming, and that all these adventures were visions which they saw in their sleep","work":"Tales from Shakespeare","author":"Charles and Mary Lamb","url":"/works/tales-from-shakespeare/#tales-from-shakespeare-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"tales-from-shakespeare-q3","title":"Tales from Shakespeare","text":"No wonder; for the statue was indeed Hermione herself, the real, the living queen.","work":"Tales from Shakespeare","author":"Charles and Mary Lamb","url":"/works/tales-from-shakespeare/#tales-from-shakespeare-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"tales-from-shakespeare-q4","title":"Tales from Shakespeare","text":"mercy was a double blessing, it blessed him that gave, and him that received it","work":"Tales from Shakespeare","author":"Charles and Mary Lamb","url":"/works/tales-from-shakespeare/#tales-from-shakespeare-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"tales-from-shakespeare-q5","title":"Tales from Shakespeare","text":"she loved his majesty according to her duty, neither more nor less.","work":"Tales from Shakespeare","author":"Charles and Mary Lamb","url":"/works/tales-from-shakespeare/#tales-from-shakespeare-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"tales-from-shakespeare-q6","title":"Tales from Shakespeare","text":"by the help of sleep and medicine, she and her physicians at length succeeded in winding up the untuned and jarring senses which the cruelty of his other daughters had so violently shaken.","work":"Tales from Shakespeare","author":"Charles and Mary Lamb","url":"/works/tales-from-shakespeare/#tales-from-shakespeare-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"tales-from-shakespeare-q7","title":"Tales from Shakespeare","text":"In the worthy Cerimon, who restored Thaisa to life, we are instructed how goodness directed by knowledge, in bestowing benefits upon mankind, approaches to the nature of the gods.","work":"Tales from Shakespeare","author":"Charles and Mary Lamb","url":"/works/tales-from-shakespeare/#tales-from-shakespeare-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"tales-from-shakespeare-q8","title":"Tales from Shakespeare","text":"enrichers of the fancy, strengtheners of virtue, a withdrawing from all selfish and mercenary thoughts","work":"Tales from Shakespeare","author":"Charles and Mary Lamb","url":"/works/tales-from-shakespeare/#tales-from-shakespeare-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"tanglewood-tales-q1","title":"Tanglewood Tales","text":"every human being who suffers any thing evil to get into his nature, or to remain there, is a kind of Minotaur, an enemy of his fellow-creatures, and separated from all good companionship, as this poor monster was.","work":"Tanglewood Tales","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/tanglewood-tales/#tanglewood-tales-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"tanglewood-tales-q2","title":"Tanglewood Tales","text":"Your body, my little friend, is about the size of an ordinary man's finger. Pray, how big may your soul be?","work":"Tanglewood Tales","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/tanglewood-tales/#tanglewood-tales-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"tanglewood-tales-q3","title":"Tanglewood Tales","text":"Everything else is a dream, save that.","work":"Tanglewood Tales","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/tanglewood-tales/#tanglewood-tales-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"tanglewood-tales-q4","title":"Tanglewood Tales","text":"lest there should be too much of the dragon's tooth in his children's disposition, used to find time from his kingly duties to teach them their A B C","work":"Tanglewood Tales","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/tanglewood-tales/#tanglewood-tales-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"tanglewood-tales-q5","title":"Tanglewood Tales","text":"When men once turn to brutes, the trifle of man's wit that remains in them adds tenfold to their brutality.","work":"Tanglewood Tales","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/tanglewood-tales/#tanglewood-tales-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"tanglewood-tales-q6","title":"Tanglewood Tales","text":"he felt himself merely the upper servant of his people, and that it must be his life-long labor to make them better and happier.","work":"Tanglewood Tales","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/tanglewood-tales/#tanglewood-tales-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"tanglewood-tales-q7","title":"Tanglewood Tales","text":"For each of those six pomegranate seeds you must spend one month of every year in King Pluto's palace.","work":"Tanglewood Tales","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/tanglewood-tales/#tanglewood-tales-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"tanglewood-tales-q8","title":"Tanglewood Tales","text":"The good Chiron taught his pupils how to play upon the harp, and how to cure diseases, and how to use the sword and shield","work":"Tanglewood Tales","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/tanglewood-tales/#tanglewood-tales-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"tear-down-this-wall-q1","title":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","text":"For I join you, as I join your fellow countrymen in the West, in this firm, this unalterable belief: Es gibt nur ein Berlin.","work":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/tear-down-this-wall/#tear-down-this-wall-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"tear-down-this-wall-q2","title":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","text":"Standing before the Brandenburg Gate, every man is a German, separated from his fellow men. Every man is a Berliner, forced to look upon a scar.","work":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/tear-down-this-wall/#tear-down-this-wall-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"tear-down-this-wall-q3","title":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","text":"Freedom leads to prosperity. Freedom replaces the ancient hatreds among the nations with comity and peace. Freedom is the victor.","work":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/tear-down-this-wall/#tear-down-this-wall-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"tear-down-this-wall-q4","title":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","text":"General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization: Come here to this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!","work":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/tear-down-this-wall/#tear-down-this-wall-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"tear-down-this-wall-q5","title":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","text":"East and West do not mistrust each other because we are armed; we are armed because we mistrust each other.","work":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/tear-down-this-wall/#tear-down-this-wall-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"tear-down-this-wall-q6","title":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","text":"In a word, I would submit that what keeps you in Berlin is love--love both profound and abiding.","work":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/tear-down-this-wall/#tear-down-this-wall-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"tear-down-this-wall-q7","title":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","text":"Yet even today when the Sun strikes that sphere--that sphere that towers over all Berlin--the light makes the sign of the cross.","work":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/tear-down-this-wall/#tear-down-this-wall-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"tear-down-this-wall-q8","title":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","text":"Yes, across Europe, this wall will fall. For it cannot withstand faith; it cannot withstand truth. The wall cannot withstand freedom.","work":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/tear-down-this-wall/#tear-down-this-wall-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"that-hideous-strength-q1","title":"That Hideous Strength","text":"'Matrimony was ordained, thirdly,' said Jane Studdock to herself, 'for the mutual society, help, and comfort that the one ought to have of the other.'","work":"That Hideous Strength","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/that-hideous-strength/#that-hideous-strength-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"that-hideous-strength-q2","title":"That Hideous Strength","text":"obedience and rule are more like a dance than a drill—specially between man and woman where the roles are always changing.","work":"That Hideous Strength","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/that-hideous-strength/#that-hideous-strength-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"lewis-the-abolition-of-man-q1","title":"The Abolition of Man","text":"The task of the modern educator is not to cut down jungles but to irrigate deserts.","work":"The Abolition of Man","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/lewis-the-abolition-of-man/#lewis-the-abolition-of-man-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"lewis-the-abolition-of-man-q2","title":"The Abolition of Man","text":"We make men without chests and expect of them virtue and enterprise.","work":"The Abolition of Man","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/lewis-the-abolition-of-man/#lewis-the-abolition-of-man-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-pinocchio-q1","title":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","text":"No, children, you are mistaken. Once upon a time there was a piece of wood.","work":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","author":"Carlo Collodi","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-pinocchio/#the-adventures-of-pinocchio-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-pinocchio-q2","title":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","text":"Woe to boys who refuse to obey their parents and run away from home! They will never be happy in this world, and when they are older they will be very sorry for it.","work":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","author":"Carlo Collodi","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-pinocchio/#the-adventures-of-pinocchio-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-pinocchio-q3","title":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","text":"I say that a wise doctor, when he does not know what he is talking about, should know enough to keep his mouth shut.","work":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","author":"Carlo Collodi","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-pinocchio/#the-adventures-of-pinocchio-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-pinocchio-q4","title":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","text":"Boys ought to know, after all, that medicine, taken in time, can save them from much pain and even from death.","work":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","author":"Carlo Collodi","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-pinocchio/#the-adventures-of-pinocchio-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-pinocchio-q5","title":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","text":"Lies, my boy, are known in a moment. There are two kinds of lies, lies with short legs and lies with long noses.","work":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","author":"Carlo Collodi","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-pinocchio/#the-adventures-of-pinocchio-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-pinocchio-q6","title":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","text":"In the Land of Toys, every day, except Sunday, is a Saturday.","work":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","author":"Carlo Collodi","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-pinocchio/#the-adventures-of-pinocchio-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-pinocchio-q7","title":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","text":"When bad boys become good and kind, they have the power of making their homes gay and new with happiness.","work":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","author":"Carlo Collodi","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-pinocchio/#the-adventures-of-pinocchio-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-pinocchio-q8","title":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","text":"How ridiculous I was as a Marionette! And how happy I am, now that I have become a real boy!","work":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","author":"Carlo Collodi","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-pinocchio/#the-adventures-of-pinocchio-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes-q1","title":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","text":"You see, but you do not observe.","work":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes/#the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes-q2","title":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","text":"It is a capital mistake to theorise before one has data. Insensibly one begins to twist facts to suit theories, instead of theories to suit facts.","work":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes/#the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes-q3","title":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","text":"alternating from week to week between cocaine and ambition, the drowsiness of the drug, and the fierce energy of his own keen nature.","work":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes/#the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes-q4","title":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","text":"life is infinitely stranger than anything which the mind of man could invent.","work":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes/#the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes-q5","title":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","text":"He found, as so many more have done, that the practice is easier to attain than to get rid of","work":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes/#the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes-q6","title":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","text":"I suppose that I am commuting a felony, but it is just possible that I am saving a soul.","work":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes/#the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes-q7","title":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","text":"When a doctor does go wrong he is the first of criminals. He has nerve and he has knowledge.","work":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes/#the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes-q8","title":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","text":"the lowest and vilest alleys in London do not present a more dreadful record of sin than does the smiling and beautiful countryside.","work":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes/#the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-tom-sawyer-q1","title":"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer","text":"Most of the adventures recorded in this book really occurred; one or two were experiences of my own, the rest those of boys who were schoolmates of mine","work":"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-tom-sawyer/#the-adventures-of-tom-sawyer-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-tom-sawyer-q2","title":"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer","text":"He had discovered a great law of human action, without knowing it—namely, that in order to make a man or a boy covet a thing, it is only necessary to make the thing difficult to attain","work":"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-tom-sawyer/#the-adventures-of-tom-sawyer-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-tom-sawyer-q3","title":"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer","text":"Work consists of whatever a body is _obliged_ to do, and that Play consists of whatever a body is not obliged to do","work":"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-tom-sawyer/#the-adventures-of-tom-sawyer-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-adventures-of-tom-sawyer-q4","title":"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer","text":"So endeth this chronicle. It being strictly a history of a _boy_, it must stop here; the story could not go much further without becoming the history of a _man","work":"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-tom-sawyer/#the-adventures-of-tom-sawyer-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-aeneid-q1","title":"The Aeneid","text":"Arms, and the man I sing, who, forc’d by fate, And haughty Juno’s unrelenting hate, Expell’d and exil’d, left the Trojan shore","work":"The Aeneid","author":"Virgil","url":"/works/the-aeneid/#the-aeneid-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-age-of-alexander-q1","title":"The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives","text":"For it is not Histories that I am writing, but Lives; and in the most illustrious deeds there is not always a manifestation of virtue or vice","work":"The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/the-age-of-alexander/#the-age-of-alexander-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"bulfinch-age-of-fable-q1","title":"The Age of Fable","text":"For Mythology is the handmaid of literature; and literature is one of the best allies of virtue and promoters of happiness.","work":"The Age of Fable","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-age-of-fable/#bulfinch-age-of-fable-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"bulfinch-age-of-fable-q2","title":"The Age of Fable","text":"Our work is not for the learned, nor for the theologian, nor for the philosopher, but for the reader of English literature","work":"The Age of Fable","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-age-of-fable/#bulfinch-age-of-fable-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"bulfinch-age-of-fable-q3","title":"The Age of Fable","text":"They belong now not to the department of theology, but to those of literature and taste.","work":"The Age of Fable","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-age-of-fable/#bulfinch-age-of-fable-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"bulfinch-age-of-fable-q4","title":"The Age of Fable","text":"Do you ask me for a proof that you are sprung from my blood? I give you a proof in my fears for you.","work":"The Age of Fable","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-age-of-fable/#bulfinch-age-of-fable-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"bulfinch-age-of-fable-q5","title":"The Age of Fable","text":"since here we have passed our lives in love and concord, we wish that one and the same hour may take us both from life, that I may not live to see her grave, nor be laid in my own by her.","work":"The Age of Fable","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-age-of-fable/#bulfinch-age-of-fable-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"bulfinch-age-of-fable-q6","title":"The Age of Fable","text":"Psyche, then, is the human soul, which is purified by sufferings and misfortunes, and is thus prepared for the enjoyment of true and pure happiness.","work":"The Age of Fable","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-age-of-fable/#bulfinch-age-of-fable-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"bulfinch-age-of-fable-q7","title":"The Age of Fable","text":"Nor could the physicians help, for the disease attacked them also, and the contact of the sick gave them infection","work":"The Age of Fable","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-age-of-fable/#bulfinch-age-of-fable-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"bulfinch-age-of-fable-q8","title":"The Age of Fable","text":"Here the sick sought responses and the recovery of their health by sleeping in the temple.","work":"The Age of Fable","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-age-of-fable/#bulfinch-age-of-fable-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-agricola-and-the-germania-q1","title":"The Agricola and the Germania","text":"To robbery, slaughter, plunder, they give the lying name of empire; they make a solitude and call it peace.","work":"The Agricola and the Germania","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/the-agricola-and-the-germania/#the-agricola-and-the-germania-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"anna-komnene-alexiad-q1","title":"The Alexiad","text":"Time in its irresistible and ceaseless flow carries along on its flood all created things, and drowns them in the depths of obscurity","work":"The Alexiad","author":"Anna Komnene","url":"/works/anna-komnene-alexiad/#anna-komnene-alexiad-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"anna-komnene-alexiad-q2","title":"The Alexiad","text":"He must never shirk either blaming his friends or praising his enemies.","work":"The Alexiad","author":"Anna Komnene","url":"/works/anna-komnene-alexiad/#anna-komnene-alexiad-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"anna-komnene-alexiad-q3","title":"The Alexiad","text":"as I am writing history, it is not correct to deduce her character from her descent and ancestors, but from her disposition and virtue","work":"The Alexiad","author":"Anna Komnene","url":"/works/anna-komnene-alexiad/#anna-komnene-alexiad-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"anna-komnene-alexiad-q4","title":"The Alexiad","text":"For the whole of the West and all the barbarian tribes which dwell between the further side of the Adriatic and the pillars of Heracles, had all migrated in a body and were marching into Asia through the intervening Europe","work":"The Alexiad","author":"Anna Komnene","url":"/works/anna-komnene-alexiad/#anna-komnene-alexiad-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"anna-komnene-alexiad-q5","title":"The Alexiad","text":"for he was a marvel for the eyes to behold, and his reputation was terrifying","work":"The Alexiad","author":"Anna Komnene","url":"/works/anna-komnene-alexiad/#anna-komnene-alexiad-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"anna-komnene-alexiad-q6","title":"The Alexiad","text":"For like a hammer-wrought statue, made perhaps of bronze or cold iron, he would sit the whole night through","work":"The Alexiad","author":"Anna Komnene","url":"/works/anna-komnene-alexiad/#anna-komnene-alexiad-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"anna-komnene-alexiad-q7","title":"The Alexiad","text":"he gave servants to every maimed man and the same care to the halt as to the healthy.","work":"The Alexiad","author":"Anna Komnene","url":"/works/anna-komnene-alexiad/#anna-komnene-alexiad-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"anna-komnene-alexiad-q8","title":"The Alexiad","text":"For I was there myself by order of my mistress to adjudge the physicians’ arguments, and I heard all they said and for my part agreed with Callicles’ proposals.","work":"The Alexiad","author":"Anna Komnene","url":"/works/anna-komnene-alexiad/#anna-komnene-alexiad-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q1","title":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","text":"All my joys to this are folly, Naught so sweet as melancholy","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q2","title":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","text":"I am not poor, I am not rich; nihil est, nihil deest, I have little, I want nothing: all my treasure is in Minerva's tower","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q3","title":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","text":"I write of melancholy, by being busy to avoid melancholy. There is no greater cause of melancholy than idleness, no better cure than business","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q4","title":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","text":"A dwarf standing on the shoulders of a giant may see farther than a giant himself","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q5","title":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","text":"I had not time to lick it into form, as she doth her young ones","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q6","title":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","text":"Melancholy in this sense is the character of mortality","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q7","title":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","text":"The common sort define it to be a kind of dotage without a fever, having for his ordinary companions, fear and sadness, without any apparent occasion","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q8","title":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","text":"puts study, contemplation, and continual meditation, as an especial cause of madness","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q9","title":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","text":"one supposeth himself to be a dog, cock, bear, horse, glass, butter, &c","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q10","title":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","text":"Musica est mentis medicina moestae, a roaring-meg against melancholy, to rear and revive the languishing soul","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q11","title":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","text":"Tobacco, divine, rare, superexcellent tobacco, which goes far beyond all the panaceas, potable gold, and philosopher's stones, a sovereign remedy to all diseases","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q12","title":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","text":"but as it is commonly abused by most men, which take it as tinkers do ale, 'tis a plague, a mischief, a violent purger of goods, lands, health, hellish, devilish and damned tobacco, the ruin and overthrow of body and soul","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q13","title":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","text":"Waking, by reason of their continual cares, fears, sorrows, dry brains, is a symptom that much crucifies melancholy men, and must therefore be speedily helped, and sleep by all means procured","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q14","title":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","text":"observe this short precept, give not way to solitariness and idleness. Be not solitary, be not idle","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#the-anatomy-of-melancholy-q14"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-antichrist-q1","title":"The Antichrist","text":"What is good?--Whatever augments the feeling of power, the will to power, power itself, in man","work":"The Antichrist","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-antichrist/#the-antichrist-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-arabian-nights-q1","title":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","text":"If I fail, my death will be a glorious one, and if I succeed I shall have done a great service to my country.","work":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","author":"Andrew Lang (ed.)","url":"/works/the-arabian-nights/#the-arabian-nights-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-arabian-nights-q2","title":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","text":"My dear sister, if you are not asleep, tell me I pray you, before the sun rises, one of your charming stories.","work":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","author":"Andrew Lang (ed.)","url":"/works/the-arabian-nights/#the-arabian-nights-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-arabian-nights-q3","title":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","text":"The Sultana told a story, and the Sultan let her live to finish it.","work":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","author":"Andrew Lang (ed.)","url":"/works/the-arabian-nights/#the-arabian-nights-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-arabian-nights-q4","title":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","text":"do not trifle thus with me, a poor fisherman, who can hardly support his family!","work":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","author":"Andrew Lang (ed.)","url":"/works/the-arabian-nights/#the-arabian-nights-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-arabian-nights-q5","title":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","text":"see how cruelty and injustice are punished.","work":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","author":"Andrew Lang (ed.)","url":"/works/the-arabian-nights/#the-arabian-nights-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-arabian-nights-q6","title":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","text":"I have only reached this happy state after having for years suffered every possible kind of toil and danger.","work":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","author":"Andrew Lang (ed.)","url":"/works/the-arabian-nights/#the-arabian-nights-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-arabian-nights-q7","title":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","text":"who can help laughing to see an old fool offering to exchange fine new lamps for old ones?","work":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","author":"Andrew Lang (ed.)","url":"/works/the-arabian-nights/#the-arabian-nights-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-arabian-nights-q8","title":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","text":"the cure depended neither on them nor their skill, but only on the princess herself.","work":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","author":"Andrew Lang (ed.)","url":"/works/the-arabian-nights/#the-arabian-nights-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"argonautica-q1","title":"The Argonautica","text":"Beginning with thee, O Phoebus, I will recount the famous deeds of men of old, who, at the behest of King Pelias, down through the mouth of Pontus and between the Cyanean rocks, sped well-benched Argo in quest of the golden fleece.","work":"The Argonautica","author":"Apollonius of Rhodes","url":"/works/argonautica/#argonautica-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"argonautica-q2","title":"The Argonautica","text":"and the bolt burnt deep down in the maiden’s heart like a flame","work":"The Argonautica","author":"Apollonius of Rhodes","url":"/works/argonautica/#argonautica-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"argonautica-q3","title":"The Argonautica","text":"and her soul creeping like a dream flitted in his track as he went.","work":"The Argonautica","author":"Apollonius of Rhodes","url":"/works/argonautica/#argonautica-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"argonautica-q4","title":"The Argonautica","text":"And fast did her heart throb within her breast, as a sunbeam quivers upon the walls of a house when flung up from water, which is just poured forth in a caldron or a pail may be; and hither and thither on the swift eddy does it dart and dance along; even so the maiden’s heart quivered in her breast.","work":"The Argonautica","author":"Apollonius of Rhodes","url":"/works/argonautica/#argonautica-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"argonautica-q5","title":"The Argonautica","text":"Ruthless Love, great bane, great curse to mankind, from thee come deadly strifes and lamentations and groans, and countless pains as well have their stormy birth from thee.","work":"The Argonautica","author":"Apollonius of Rhodes","url":"/works/argonautica/#argonautica-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"argonautica-q6","title":"The Argonautica","text":"So Talos, for all his frame of bronze, yielded the victory to the might of Medea the sorceress.","work":"The Argonautica","author":"Apollonius of Rhodes","url":"/works/argonautica/#argonautica-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"argonautica-q7","title":"The Argonautica","text":"Be gracious, race of blessed chieftains! And may these songs year after year be sweeter to sing among men.","work":"The Argonautica","author":"Apollonius of Rhodes","url":"/works/argonautica/#argonautica-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q1","title":"The Art of War","text":"There have Laurence, many helde, and do holde this opinion, that there is no maner of thing, whiche lesse agreeth the one with the other, nor that is so much unlike, as the civil life to the Souldiours","work":"The Art of War","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-art-of-war-machiavelli/#the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q2","title":"The Art of War","text":"for as muche as the errours that I maie happen to make by writing, may be without harme to any man corrected: but those the whiche of them be made in doyng cannot be knowen without the ruine of Empires","work":"The Art of War","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-art-of-war-machiavelli/#the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q3","title":"The Art of War","text":"How much better thei should have doen (be it spoken without displeasure to any man) to have sought to been like the antiquitie in thinges strong, and sharpe, not in the delicate and softe: and in those that thei did in the Sunne, not in the shadowe","work":"The Art of War","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-art-of-war-machiavelli/#the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q4","title":"The Art of War","text":"good he shall never bee judged, whom maketh an excersise thereof, where purposing alwaies to gaine thereby, it is requisite for hym to be ravenyng, deceiptfull, violente, and to have many qualities, the whiche of necessitie maketh hym not good","work":"The Art of War","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-art-of-war-machiavelli/#the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q5","title":"The Art of War","text":"the whiche thinges thei overcame, with accustomyng the body to diseases, and with hardenyng it, to bee able to indure labour. And you knowe, how that in thinges accustomed, men suffer no grief","work":"The Art of War","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-art-of-war-machiavelli/#the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q6","title":"The Art of War","text":"Then for to avoide infirmitie, thei did flie from places Fennie, or subjecte to hurtfull windes: whiche thei knewe not so well, by the qualitie of the situacion, as by the face of the inhabitours: for when thei sawe theim evill coloured, or swollen, or full of other infeccion, thei would not lodge there","work":"The Art of War","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-art-of-war-machiavelli/#the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q7","title":"The Art of War","text":"those that fall sicke by chaunce, make them to bee cured of Phisicions: bicause a capitain hath no reamedie, when he hath to faight with sicknesse, and with an enemie: but nothing is so profitable, to maintaine the armie in health, as is the exercise","work":"The Art of War","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-art-of-war-machiavelli/#the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q8","title":"The Art of War","text":"It is better to conquere the enemie with faminne, then with yron: in the victorie of which, fortune maie doe much more then valiantnesse","work":"The Art of War","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-art-of-war-machiavelli/#the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q9","title":"The Art of War","text":"Nature breedeth few stronge menne, the industrie and the exercise maketh manie","work":"The Art of War","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-art-of-war-machiavelli/#the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q10","title":"The Art of War","text":"Discipline maie doe more in warre, then furie","work":"The Art of War","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-art-of-war-machiavelli/#the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q11","title":"The Art of War","text":"their studies wer, to prepare the body to diseases, and the minde not to feare perilles","work":"The Art of War","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-art-of-war-machiavelli/#the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q12","title":"The Art of War","text":"bicause this Province seemes to bee altogether given, to raise up againe the thynges dedde, as is seen by the perfeccion that poesie, paintyng, and writing, is now brought unto","work":"The Art of War","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-art-of-war-machiavelli/#the-art-of-war-machiavelli-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-q1","title":"The Art of War","text":"Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State","work":"The Art of War","author":"Sun Tzu","url":"/works/the-art-of-war/#the-art-of-war-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-q2","title":"The Art of War","text":"All warfare is based on deception","work":"The Art of War","author":"Sun Tzu","url":"/works/the-art-of-war/#the-art-of-war-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-q3","title":"The Art of War","text":"There is no instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare","work":"The Art of War","author":"Sun Tzu","url":"/works/the-art-of-war/#the-art-of-war-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-q4","title":"The Art of War","text":"Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy’s resistance without fighting","work":"The Art of War","author":"Sun Tzu","url":"/works/the-art-of-war/#the-art-of-war-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-q5","title":"The Art of War","text":"If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat","work":"The Art of War","author":"Sun Tzu","url":"/works/the-art-of-war/#the-art-of-war-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-q6","title":"The Art of War","text":"To secure ourselves against defeat lies in our own hands, but the opportunity of defeating the enemy is provided by the enemy himself","work":"The Art of War","author":"Sun Tzu","url":"/works/the-art-of-war/#the-art-of-war-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-q7","title":"The Art of War","text":"Therefore, just as water retains no constant shape, so in warfare there are no constant conditions","work":"The Art of War","author":"Sun Tzu","url":"/works/the-art-of-war/#the-art-of-war-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-q8","title":"The Art of War","text":"5) over-solicitude for his men, which exposes him to worry and trouble","work":"The Art of War","author":"Sun Tzu","url":"/works/the-art-of-war/#the-art-of-war-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-q9","title":"The Art of War","text":"and camp on hard ground, the army will be free from disease of every kind","work":"The Art of War","author":"Sun Tzu","url":"/works/the-art-of-war/#the-art-of-war-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-q10","title":"The Art of War","text":"Regard your soldiers as your children, and they will follow you into the deepest valleys; look on them as your own beloved sons, and they will stand by you even unto death","work":"The Art of War","author":"Sun Tzu","url":"/works/the-art-of-war/#the-art-of-war-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-q11","title":"The Art of War","text":"Soldiers when in desperate straits lose the sense of fear. If there is no place of refuge, they will stand firm","work":"The Art of War","author":"Sun Tzu","url":"/works/the-art-of-war/#the-art-of-war-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-q12","title":"The Art of War","text":"Anger may in time change to gladness; vexation may be succeeded by content","work":"The Art of War","author":"Sun Tzu","url":"/works/the-art-of-war/#the-art-of-war-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-art-of-war-q13","title":"The Art of War","text":"Knowledge of the enemy’s dispositions can only be obtained from other men","work":"The Art of War","author":"Sun Tzu","url":"/works/the-art-of-war/#the-art-of-war-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"articles-of-confederation-q1","title":"The Articles of Confederation","text":"Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled.","work":"The Articles of Confederation","author":"Continental Congress","url":"/works/articles-of-confederation/#articles-of-confederation-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"articles-of-confederation-q2","title":"The Articles of Confederation","text":"The said States hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their common defense, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare","work":"The Articles of Confederation","author":"Continental Congress","url":"/works/articles-of-confederation/#articles-of-confederation-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"articles-of-confederation-q3","title":"The Articles of Confederation","text":"Full faith and credit shall be given in each of these States to the records, acts, and judicial proceedings of the courts and magistrates of every other State.","work":"The Articles of Confederation","author":"Continental Congress","url":"/works/articles-of-confederation/#articles-of-confederation-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"articles-of-confederation-q4","title":"The Articles of Confederation","text":"In determining questions in the United States in Congress assembled, each State shall have one vote.","work":"The Articles of Confederation","author":"Continental Congress","url":"/works/articles-of-confederation/#articles-of-confederation-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"articles-of-confederation-q5","title":"The Articles of Confederation","text":"And the Articles of this Confederation shall be inviolably observed by every State, and the Union shall be perpetual","work":"The Articles of Confederation","author":"Continental Congress","url":"/works/articles-of-confederation/#articles-of-confederation-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"athenian-constitution-q1","title":"The Athenian Constitution","text":"Solon, who was the first to appear as the champion of the people.","work":"The Athenian Constitution","author":"Aristotle (attributed)","url":"/works/athenian-constitution/#athenian-constitution-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"athenian-constitution-q2","title":"The Athenian Constitution","text":"There are three points in the constitution of Solon which appear to be its most democratic features","work":"The Athenian Constitution","author":"Aristotle (attributed)","url":"/works/athenian-constitution/#athenian-constitution-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"athenian-constitution-q3","title":"The Athenian Constitution","text":"So I stood with my shield outstretched, and both were safe in its sight, And I would not that either should triumph, when the triumph was not with right.","work":"The Athenian Constitution","author":"Aristotle (attributed)","url":"/works/athenian-constitution/#athenian-constitution-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"athenian-constitution-q4","title":"The Athenian Constitution","text":"His administration was temperate, as has been said before, and more like constitutional government than a tyranny.","work":"The Athenian Constitution","author":"Aristotle (attributed)","url":"/works/athenian-constitution/#athenian-constitution-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"athenian-constitution-q5","title":"The Athenian Constitution","text":"Cleisthenes, being beaten in the political clubs, called in the people by giving the franchise to the masses.","work":"The Athenian Constitution","author":"Aristotle (attributed)","url":"/works/athenian-constitution/#athenian-constitution-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"athenian-constitution-q6","title":"The Athenian Constitution","text":"The democracy has made itself master of everything and administers everything by its votes in the Assembly and by the law-courts, in which it holds the supreme power.","work":"The Athenian Constitution","author":"Aristotle (attributed)","url":"/works/athenian-constitution/#athenian-constitution-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"athenian-constitution-q7","title":"The Athenian Constitution","text":"since small bodies are more open to corruption, whether by actual money or influence, than large ones.","work":"The Athenian Constitution","author":"Aristotle (attributed)","url":"/works/athenian-constitution/#athenian-constitution-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini-q1","title":"The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini","text":"ALL men of whatsoever quality they be, who have done anything of excellence, or which may properly resemble excellence, ought, if they are persons of truth and honesty, to describe their life with their own hand","work":"The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini","author":"Benvenuto Cellini","url":"/works/autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini/#autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini-q2","title":"The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini","text":"Only it grieves me when I understand What precious time in vanity I’ve spent","work":"The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini","author":"Benvenuto Cellini","url":"/works/autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini/#autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini-q3","title":"The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini","text":"My dear little boy, I am not striking you for any wrong that you have done, but only to make you remember that that lizard which you see in the fire is a salamander","work":"The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini","author":"Benvenuto Cellini","url":"/works/autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini/#autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini-q4","title":"The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini","text":"I was always gazing at the masterpieces of the divine Michel Agnolo","work":"The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini","author":"Benvenuto Cellini","url":"/works/autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini/#autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini-q5","title":"The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini","text":"I BEGAN the Bible from the commencement, reading and reflecting on it so devoutly, and finding in it such deep treasures of delight, that, if I had been able, I should have done naught else but study it.","work":"The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini","author":"Benvenuto Cellini","url":"/works/autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini/#autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini-q6","title":"The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini","text":"I felt such vigour fill my veins, that all those pains of fever, all those fears of death, were quite forgotten.","work":"The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini","author":"Benvenuto Cellini","url":"/works/autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini/#autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini-q7","title":"The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini","text":"seeing my work finished, I fell upon my knees, and with all my heart gave thanks to God.","work":"The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini","author":"Benvenuto Cellini","url":"/works/autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini/#autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-bacchae-and-other-plays-q1","title":"The Bacchae and Other Plays","text":"But the world's Wise are not wise, Claiming more than mortal may","work":"The Bacchae and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/the-bacchae-and-other-plays/#the-bacchae-and-other-plays-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-bacchae-and-other-plays-q2","title":"The Bacchae and Other Plays","text":"There may be many shapes of mystery, And many things God makes to be, Past hope or fear","work":"The Bacchae and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/the-bacchae-and-other-plays/#the-bacchae-and-other-plays-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-bears-on-hemlock-mountain-q1","title":"The Bears on Hemlock Mountain","text":"There are no bears on Hemlock Mountain, no bears at all.","work":"The Bears on Hemlock Mountain","author":"Alice Dalgliesh","url":"/works/the-bears-on-hemlock-mountain/#the-bears-on-hemlock-mountain-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-bhagavad-gita-q1","title":"The Bhagavad Gita","text":"Never the spirit was born; the spirit shall cease to be never; Never was time it was not; End and Beginning are dreams","work":"The Bhagavad Gita","author":"Anonymous (attributed to Vyasa)","url":"/works/the-bhagavad-gita/#the-bhagavad-gita-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-bible-q1","title":"The Bible","text":"In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return","work":"The Bible","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-bible/#the-bible-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-bible-q2","title":"The Bible","text":"And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took an harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him","work":"The Bible","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-bible/#the-bible-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-bible-q3","title":"The Bible","text":"Let the day perish wherein I was born, and the night in which it was said, There is a man child conceived","work":"The Bible","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-bible/#the-bible-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-bible-q4","title":"The Bible","text":"Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me","work":"The Bible","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-bible/#the-bible-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-bible-q5","title":"The Bible","text":"A merry heart doeth good like a medicine: but a broken spirit drieth the bones","work":"The Bible","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-bible/#the-bible-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-bible-q6","title":"The Bible","text":"Give strong drink unto him that is ready to perish, and wine unto those that be of heavy hearts","work":"The Bible","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-bible/#the-bible-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-bible-q7","title":"The Bible","text":"Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher, vanity of vanities; all is vanity","work":"The Bible","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-bible/#the-bible-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-bible-q8","title":"The Bible","text":"They that be whole need not a physician, but they that are sick","work":"The Bible","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-bible/#the-bible-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-bible-q9","title":"The Bible","text":"My name is Legion: for we are many","work":"The Bible","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-bible/#the-bible-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-bible-q10","title":"The Bible","text":"Physician, heal thyself","work":"The Bible","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-bible/#the-bible-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-bible-q11","title":"The Bible","text":"Jesus wept","work":"The Bible","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-bible/#the-bible-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-bible-q12","title":"The Bible","text":"Drink no longer water, but use a little wine for thy stomach’s sake and thine often infirmities","work":"The Bible","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-bible/#the-bible-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-birth-of-tragedy-q1","title":"The Birth of Tragedy","text":"slowly recovering from a disease brought home from the field, made up his mind definitely regarding the \"Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of _Music","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-birth-of-tragedy/#the-birth-of-tragedy-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-birth-of-tragedy-q2","title":"The Birth of Tragedy","text":"might not this very Socratism be a sign of decline, of weariness, of disease, of anarchically disintegrating instincts","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-birth-of-tragedy/#the-birth-of-tragedy-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-birth-of-tragedy-q3","title":"The Birth of Tragedy","text":"to view science through the optics of the artist, and art moreover through the optics of life","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-birth-of-tragedy/#the-birth-of-tragedy-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-birth-of-tragedy-q4","title":"The Birth of Tragedy","text":"We take delight in the immediate apprehension of form; all forms speak to us; there is nothing indifferent, nothing superfluous","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-birth-of-tragedy/#the-birth-of-tragedy-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-birth-of-tragedy-q5","title":"The Birth of Tragedy","text":"It is either under the influence of the narcotic draught, of which the hymns of all primitive men and peoples tell us, or by the powerful approach of spring penetrating all nature with joy, that those Dionysian emotions awake, in the augmentation of which the subjective vanishes to complete self-forgetfulness","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-birth-of-tragedy/#the-birth-of-tragedy-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-birth-of-tragedy-q6","title":"The Birth of Tragedy","text":"There are some, who, from lack of experience or obtuseness, will turn away from such phenomena as \"folk-diseases\" with a smile of contempt or pity prompted by the consciousness of their own health","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-birth-of-tragedy/#the-birth-of-tragedy-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-birth-of-tragedy-q7","title":"The Birth of Tragedy","text":"What is best of all is for ever beyond your reach: not to be born, not to _be_, to be _nothing._ The second best for you, however, is soon to die","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-birth-of-tragedy/#the-birth-of-tragedy-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-birth-of-tragedy-q8","title":"The Birth of Tragedy","text":"for only as an _æsthetic phenomenon_ is existence and the world eternally _justified","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-birth-of-tragedy/#the-birth-of-tragedy-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-birth-of-tragedy-q9","title":"The Birth of Tragedy","text":"Knowledge kills action, action requires the veil of illusion--it is this lesson which Hamlet teaches","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-birth-of-tragedy/#the-birth-of-tragedy-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-birth-of-tragedy-q10","title":"The Birth of Tragedy","text":"Here, in this extremest danger of the will, _art_ approaches, as a saving and healing enchantress","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-birth-of-tragedy/#the-birth-of-tragedy-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-birth-of-tragedy-q11","title":"The Birth of Tragedy","text":"Greek tragedy had a fate different from that of all her older sister arts: she died by suicide, in consequence of an irreconcilable conflict","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-birth-of-tragedy/#the-birth-of-tragedy-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-birth-of-tragedy-q12","title":"The Birth of Tragedy","text":"The dying Socrates_ became the new ideal of the noble Greek youths,--an ideal they had never yet beheld","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-birth-of-tragedy/#the-birth-of-tragedy-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-birth-of-tragedy-q13","title":"The Birth of Tragedy","text":"the belief which first came to light in the person of Socrates,--the belief in the fathomableness of nature and in knowledge as a panacea","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-birth-of-tragedy/#the-birth-of-tragedy-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-black-arrow-q1","title":"The Black Arrow","text":"A blak arrow in each blak heart.","work":"The Black Arrow","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-black-arrow/#the-black-arrow-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-black-arrow-q2","title":"The Black Arrow","text":"There cometh never any rising, Bennet, from below--so all judicious chroniclers concord in their opinion; but rebellion travelleth ever downward from above","work":"The Black Arrow","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-black-arrow/#the-black-arrow-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-black-arrow-q3","title":"The Black Arrow","text":"Alas, poor soul, and we should rather pity him!","work":"The Black Arrow","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-black-arrow/#the-black-arrow-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-black-arrow-q4","title":"The Black Arrow","text":"Nay, it is the way of England. What would ye have?","work":"The Black Arrow","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-black-arrow/#the-black-arrow-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-black-arrow-q5","title":"The Black Arrow","text":"I love not mercy, nor yet mercymongers.","work":"The Black Arrow","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-black-arrow/#the-black-arrow-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-black-arrow-q6","title":"The Black Arrow","text":"a life is a life, old shrew, and it is more than ships or liquor.","work":"The Black Arrow","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-black-arrow/#the-black-arrow-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-black-arrow-q7","title":"The Black Arrow","text":"War is but noble by the cause, and y' have disgraced it.","work":"The Black Arrow","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-black-arrow/#the-black-arrow-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-black-arrow-q8","title":"The Black Arrow","text":"Ye took the better part and pardoned; I took the worse, and there lies the clay of mine enemy.","work":"The Black Arrow","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-black-arrow/#the-black-arrow-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-blue-fairy-book-q1","title":"The Blue Fairy Book","text":"There were formerly a king and a queen, who were so sorry that they had no children; so sorry that it cannot be expressed.","work":"The Blue Fairy Book","author":"Andrew Lang","url":"/works/the-blue-fairy-book/#the-blue-fairy-book-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-blue-fairy-book-q2","title":"The Blue Fairy Book","text":"Once there was a gentleman who married, for his second wife, the proudest and most haughty woman that was ever seen.","work":"The Blue Fairy Book","author":"Andrew Lang","url":"/works/the-blue-fairy-book/#the-blue-fairy-book-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-blue-fairy-book-q3","title":"The Blue Fairy Book","text":"Once upon a time, in a very far-off country, there lived a merchant who had been so fortunate in all his undertakings that he was enormously rich.","work":"The Blue Fairy Book","author":"Andrew Lang","url":"/works/the-blue-fairy-book/#the-blue-fairy-book-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"book-of-enoch-q1","title":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","text":"And behold! He cometh with ten thousands of ⌈His⌉ holy ones To execute judgement upon all,","work":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/book-of-enoch/#book-of-enoch-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"book-of-enoch-q2","title":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","text":"And it came to pass when the children of men had multiplied that in those days were born unto them beautiful and comely daughters.","work":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/book-of-enoch/#book-of-enoch-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"book-of-enoch-q3","title":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","text":"And Azâzêl taught men to make swords, and knives, and shields, and breastplates,","work":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/book-of-enoch/#book-of-enoch-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"book-of-enoch-q4","title":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","text":"And heal the earth which the angels have corrupted, and proclaim the healing of the earth, that they may heal the plague,","work":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/book-of-enoch/#book-of-enoch-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"book-of-enoch-q5","title":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","text":"This first is Michael, the merciful and long-suffering: and the second, who is set over all the diseases and all the wounds of the children of men, is Raphael:","work":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/book-of-enoch/#book-of-enoch-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"book-of-enoch-q6","title":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","text":"And at that hour that Son of Man was named In the presence of the Lord of Spirits, And his name before the Head of Days.","work":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/book-of-enoch/#book-of-enoch-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"book-of-enoch-q7","title":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","text":"For I exhort you and say unto you, beloved: Love uprightness and walk therein.","work":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/book-of-enoch/#book-of-enoch-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"book-of-enoch-q8","title":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","text":"Woe to you, ye rich, for ye have trusted in your riches, And from your riches shall ye depart,","work":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/book-of-enoch/#book-of-enoch-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-borrowers-q1","title":"The Borrowers","text":"Human beans are for Borrowers—like bread's for butter!","work":"The Borrowers","author":"Mary Norton","url":"/works/the-borrowers/#the-borrowers-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-boxcar-children-q1","title":"The Boxcar Children","text":"One warm night four children stood in front of a bakery. No one knew them. No one knew where they had come from.","work":"The Boxcar Children","author":"Gertrude Chandler Warner","url":"/works/the-boxcar-children/#the-boxcar-children-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-bronze-bow-q1","title":"The Bronze Bow","text":"He trains my hands for war, so that my arms can bend a bow of bronze.","work":"The Bronze Bow","author":"Elizabeth George Speare","url":"/works/the-bronze-bow/#the-bronze-bow-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-brothers-karamazov-q1","title":"The Brothers Karamazov","text":"Above all, don’t lie to yourself. The man who lies to himself and listens to his own lie comes to such a pass that he cannot distinguish the truth within him","work":"The Brothers Karamazov","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-brothers-karamazov/#the-brothers-karamazov-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-brothers-karamazov-q2","title":"The Brothers Karamazov","text":"What is hell?” I maintain that it is the suffering of being unable to love","work":"The Brothers Karamazov","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-brothers-karamazov/#the-brothers-karamazov-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-burgess-bird-book-for-children-q1","title":"The Burgess Bird Book for Children","text":"Lipperty-lipperty-lip scampered Peter Rabbit behind the tumble-down stone wall along one side of the Old Orchard.","work":"The Burgess Bird Book for Children","author":"Thornton W. Burgess","url":"/works/the-burgess-bird-book-for-children/#the-burgess-bird-book-for-children-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-burgess-bird-book-for-children-q2","title":"The Burgess Bird Book for Children","text":"It was early in the morning, very early in the morning.","work":"The Burgess Bird Book for Children","author":"Thornton W. Burgess","url":"/works/the-burgess-bird-book-for-children/#the-burgess-bird-book-for-children-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"burke-paine-debate-q1","title":"The Burke-Paine Debate on the French Revolution","text":"What is the use of discussing a man's abstract right to food or medicine? The question is upon the method of procuring and administering them.","work":"The Burke-Paine Debate on the French Revolution","author":"Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine","url":"/works/burke-paine-debate/#burke-paine-debate-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"burke-paine-debate-q2","title":"The Burke-Paine Debate on the French Revolution","text":"it becomes a partnership not only between those who are living, but between those who are living, those who are dead, and those who are to be born.","work":"The Burke-Paine Debate on the French Revolution","author":"Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine","url":"/works/burke-paine-debate/#burke-paine-debate-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"burke-paine-debate-q3","title":"The Burke-Paine Debate on the French Revolution","text":"Every age and generation must be as free to act for itself in all cases as the age and generations which preceded it. The vanity and presumption of governing beyond the grave is the most ridiculous and insolent of all tyrannies.","work":"The Burke-Paine Debate on the French Revolution","author":"Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine","url":"/works/burke-paine-debate/#burke-paine-debate-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"burke-paine-debate-q4","title":"The Burke-Paine Debate on the French Revolution","text":"A constitution is a thing antecedent to a government, and a government is only the creature of a constitution.","work":"The Burke-Paine Debate on the French Revolution","author":"Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine","url":"/works/burke-paine-debate/#burke-paine-debate-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories-q1","title":"The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories","text":"The most merciful thing in the world, I think, is the inability of the human mind to correlate all its contents","work":"The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories","author":"H. P. Lovecraft","url":"/works/the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories/#the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories-q2","title":"The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories","text":"That is not dead which can eternal lie, / And with strange aeons even death may die.","work":"The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories","author":"H. P. Lovecraft","url":"/works/the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories/#the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories-q3","title":"The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories","text":"Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn","work":"The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories","author":"H. P. Lovecraft","url":"/works/the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories/#the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories-q4","title":"The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories","text":"I am writing this under an appreciable mental strain, since by tonight I shall be no more.","work":"The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories","author":"H. P. Lovecraft","url":"/works/the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories/#the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-call-of-the-wild-q1","title":"The Call of the Wild","text":"Buck did not read the newspapers, or he would have known that trouble was brewing, not alone for himself, but for every tide-water dog, strong of muscle and with warm, long hair, from Puget Sound to San Diego.","work":"The Call of the Wild","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/the-call-of-the-wild/#the-call-of-the-wild-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-call-of-the-wild-q2","title":"The Call of the Wild","text":"He was beaten (he knew that); but he was not broken.","work":"The Call of the Wild","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/the-call-of-the-wild/#the-call-of-the-wild-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-call-of-the-wild-q3","title":"The Call of the Wild","text":"a man with a club was a lawgiver, a master to be obeyed, though not necessarily conciliated.","work":"The Call of the Wild","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/the-call-of-the-wild/#the-call-of-the-wild-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-call-of-the-wild-q4","title":"The Call of the Wild","text":"They were savages, all of them, who knew no law but the law of club and fang.","work":"The Call of the Wild","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/the-call-of-the-wild/#the-call-of-the-wild-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-call-of-the-wild-q5","title":"The Call of the Wild","text":"There is an ecstasy that marks the summit of life, and beyond which life cannot rise.","work":"The Call of the Wild","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/the-call-of-the-wild/#the-call-of-the-wild-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-call-of-the-wild-q6","title":"The Call of the Wild","text":"Love, genuine passionate love, was his for the first time.","work":"The Call of the Wild","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/the-call-of-the-wild/#the-call-of-the-wild-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-call-of-the-wild-q7","title":"The Call of the Wild","text":"his great throat a-bellow as he sings a song of the younger world, which is the song of the pack.","work":"The Call of the Wild","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/the-call-of-the-wild/#the-call-of-the-wild-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i-q1","title":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","text":"When, in regard to medicine, we say that practice proceeds from theory, we do not mean that there is one division of medicine by which we know, and another, distinct therefrom, by which we act.","work":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","author":"Ibn Sina (Avicenna)","url":"/works/avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i/#avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i-q2","title":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","text":"But physicians still keep to the opinion that the brain is the chief seat of sentient life, and that each sense has its own distinct member whereby it manifests function.","work":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","author":"Ibn Sina (Avicenna)","url":"/works/avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i/#avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i-q3","title":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","text":"the movement is for the benefit of the body, and the music is for the benefit of the mind.","work":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","author":"Ibn Sina (Avicenna)","url":"/works/avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i/#avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i-q4","title":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","text":"For just as bad habits of thought supervene on intemperament of the body, so also a physical intemperament may be traced to habits of mind which are contrary to the ideal.","work":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","author":"Ibn Sina (Avicenna)","url":"/works/avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i/#avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i-q5","title":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","text":"Therefore in safeguarding the emotions the health of the mind and body are at the same time maintained.","work":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","author":"Ibn Sina (Avicenna)","url":"/works/avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i/#avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i-q6","title":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","text":"When you do not know the nature of a malady, leave it to Nature ; do not strive to hasten matters.","work":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","author":"Ibn Sina (Avicenna)","url":"/works/avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i/#avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i-q7","title":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","text":"If it is necessary to induce a stuporose state, do not go beyond the use of such as white poppy. Its anodyne action is well-known.","work":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","author":"Ibn Sina (Avicenna)","url":"/works/avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i/#avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i-q8","title":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","text":"Remember, too, that among the advantageous contributory factors in treatment is the help afforded by anything which exalts the sensitive and vital faculties : for instance, joyfulness.","work":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","author":"Ibn Sina (Avicenna)","url":"/works/avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i/#avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-canterbury-tales-q1","title":"The Canterbury Tales","text":"WHEN that Aprilis, with his showers swoot","work":"The Canterbury Tales","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/the-canterbury-tales/#the-canterbury-tales-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-canterbury-tales-q2","title":"The Canterbury Tales","text":"And specially, from every shire’s end Of Engleland, to Canterbury they wend, The holy blissful Martyr for to seek","work":"The Canterbury Tales","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/the-canterbury-tales/#the-canterbury-tales-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-canterbury-tales-q3","title":"The Canterbury Tales","text":"And though that he was worthy he was wise","work":"The Canterbury Tales","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/the-canterbury-tales/#the-canterbury-tales-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-canterbury-tales-q4","title":"The Canterbury Tales","text":"He was a very perfect gentle knight","work":"The Canterbury Tales","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/the-canterbury-tales/#the-canterbury-tales-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-canterbury-tales-q5","title":"The Canterbury Tales","text":"Sounding in moral virtue was his speech, And gladly would he learn, and gladly teach","work":"The Canterbury Tales","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/the-canterbury-tales/#the-canterbury-tales-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-canterbury-tales-q6","title":"The Canterbury Tales","text":"But Christe’s lore, and his apostles’ twelve, He taught, and first he follow’d it himselve","work":"The Canterbury Tales","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/the-canterbury-tales/#the-canterbury-tales-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-canterbury-tales-q7","title":"The Canterbury Tales","text":"That if gold ruste, what should iron do","work":"The Canterbury Tales","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/the-canterbury-tales/#the-canterbury-tales-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-canterbury-tales-q8","title":"The Canterbury Tales","text":"What is this world? what aske men to have? Now with his love, now in his colde grave","work":"The Canterbury Tales","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/the-canterbury-tales/#the-canterbury-tales-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-canterbury-tales-q9","title":"The Canterbury Tales","text":"To make a virtue of necessity","work":"The Canterbury Tales","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/the-canterbury-tales/#the-canterbury-tales-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-canterbury-tales-q10","title":"The Canterbury Tales","text":"Murder will out, that see we day by day","work":"The Canterbury Tales","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/the-canterbury-tales/#the-canterbury-tales-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-canterbury-tales-q11","title":"The Canterbury Tales","text":"Radix malorum est cupiditas","work":"The Canterbury Tales","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/the-canterbury-tales/#the-canterbury-tales-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-canterbury-tales-q12","title":"The Canterbury Tales","text":"Take the fruit, and let the chaff be still","work":"The Canterbury Tales","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/the-canterbury-tales/#the-canterbury-tales-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle-q1","title":"The Chemical History of a Candle","text":"There is no better, there is no more open door by which you can enter into the study of natural philosophy, than by considering the physical phenomena of a candle.","work":"The Chemical History of a Candle","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle/#faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle-q2","title":"The Chemical History of a Candle","text":"I hope you will now see that the perfection of a process—that is, its utility—is the better point of beauty about it. It is not the best looking thing, but the best acting thing, which is the most advantageous to us.","work":"The Chemical History of a Candle","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle/#faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle-q3","title":"The Chemical History of a Candle","text":"the greatest mistakes and faults with regard to candles, as in many other things, often bring with them instruction which we should not receive if they had not occurred.","work":"The Chemical History of a Candle","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle/#faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle-q4","title":"The Chemical History of a Candle","text":"whenever a result happens, especially if it be new, you should say, “What is the cause? Why does it occur?” and you will in the course of time find out the reason.","work":"The Chemical History of a Candle","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle/#faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle-q5","title":"The Chemical History of a Candle","text":"What diamond can shine like flame?","work":"The Chemical History of a Candle","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle/#faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle-q6","title":"The Chemical History of a Candle","text":"So are we made dependent, not merely upon our fellow-creatures, but upon our fellow-existers, all Nature being tied together by the laws that make one part conduce to the good of another.","work":"The Chemical History of a Candle","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle/#faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle-q7","title":"The Chemical History of a Candle","text":"that you may, like it, shine as lights to those about you; that, in all your actions, you may justify the beauty of the taper by making your deeds honourable and effectual in the discharge of your duty to your fellow-men.","work":"The Chemical History of a Candle","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle/#faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-civil-war-q1","title":"The Civil War","text":"When Caesar's letter was delivered to the consuls, they were with great difficulty, and a hard struggle of the tribunes, prevailed on to suffer it to be read in the senate","work":"The Civil War","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-civil-war/#the-civil-war-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-civil-war-q2","title":"The Civil War","text":"When they were brought before him he protected them from the insolence and taunts of the soldiers; told them in few words that they had not made him a grateful return, on their part, for his very extraordinary kindness to them, and dismissed them all in safety","work":"The Civil War","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-civil-war/#the-civil-war-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-civil-war-q3","title":"The Civil War","text":"Why should he hazard the loss of any of his men, even in a successful battle? Why should he expose soldiers to be wounded; who had deserved so well of him? Why, in short, should he tempt fortune? especially when it was as much a general's duty to conquer by tactics, as by the sword","work":"The Civil War","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-civil-war/#the-civil-war-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-civil-war-q4","title":"The Civil War","text":"struggling moreover with a fatal pestilence, from their long confinement and change of victuals (for they all subsisted on old millet and damaged barley, which they had formerly provided and laid up in the public stores against an emergency of this kind","work":"The Civil War","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-civil-war/#the-civil-war-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-civil-war-q5","title":"The Civil War","text":"But Curio declared that he would never more appear in Caesar's sight, after losing the army which had been committed by Caesar to his charge, and accordingly fought till he was killed","work":"The Civil War","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-civil-war/#the-civil-war-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-civil-war-q6","title":"The Civil War","text":"There was a sort of root, called chara, discovered by the troops which served under Valerius. This they mixed up with milk, and it greatly contributed to relieve their want","work":"The Civil War","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-civil-war/#the-civil-war-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-civil-war-q7","title":"The Civil War","text":"that they themselves were not in good health from their confinement within so narrow a compass, from the noisome smell, the number of carcasses, and the constant fatigue to them, being men unaccustomed to work, and labouring under a great want of water","work":"The Civil War","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-civil-war/#the-civil-war-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-civil-war-q8","title":"The Civil War","text":"many fell victims to the autumnal pestilence in Italy, many returned home, and many were left behind on the continent. Have you not heard that the cohorts at Brundisium are composed of invalids","work":"The Civil War","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-civil-war/#the-civil-war-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-civil-war-q9","title":"The Civil War","text":"General, I will act in such a manner to-day, that you will feel grateful to me living or dead","work":"The Civil War","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-civil-war/#the-civil-war-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-civil-war-q10","title":"The Civil War","text":"for there is a certain impetuosity of spirit and an alacrity implanted by nature in the hearts of all men, which is inflamed by a desire to meet the foe. This a general should endeavour not to repress, but to increase","work":"The Civil War","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-civil-war/#the-civil-war-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-civil-war-q11","title":"The Civil War","text":"he embarked in a small boat with a few attendants, and was there murdered by Achillas and Septimius","work":"The Civil War","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-civil-war/#the-civil-war-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-collar-q1","title":"The Collar","text":"I struck the board, and cry’d, No more. I will abroad.","work":"The Collar","author":"George Herbert","url":"/works/the-collar/#the-collar-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-collar-q2","title":"The Collar","text":"My lines and life are free; free as the rode, Loose as the winde, as large as store.","work":"The Collar","author":"George Herbert","url":"/works/the-collar/#the-collar-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-collar-q3","title":"The Collar","text":"Have I no harvest but a thorn To let me bloud, and not restore What I have lost with cordiall fruit?","work":"The Collar","author":"George Herbert","url":"/works/the-collar/#the-collar-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-collar-q4","title":"The Collar","text":"Sure there was wine Before my sighs did drie it: there was corn Before my tears did drown it.","work":"The Collar","author":"George Herbert","url":"/works/the-collar/#the-collar-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-collar-q5","title":"The Collar","text":"Forsake thy cage, Thy rope of sands,","work":"The Collar","author":"George Herbert","url":"/works/the-collar/#the-collar-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-collar-q6","title":"The Collar","text":"But as I rav’d and grew more fierce and wilde At every word, Me thoughts I heard one calling, Childe: And I reply’d, My Lord.","work":"The Collar","author":"George Herbert","url":"/works/the-collar/#the-collar-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-comedy-of-errors-q1","title":"The Comedy of Errors","text":"Yet this my comfort; when your words are done, My woes end likewise with the evening sun.","work":"The Comedy of Errors","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-comedy-of-errors/#the-comedy-of-errors-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-comedy-of-errors-q2","title":"The Comedy of Errors","text":"I to the world am like a drop of water That in the ocean seeks another drop, Who, failing there to find his fellow forth, Unseen, inquisitive, confounds himself.","work":"The Comedy of Errors","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-comedy-of-errors/#the-comedy-of-errors-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-comedy-of-errors-q3","title":"The Comedy of Errors","text":"Am I in earth, in heaven, or in hell? Sleeping or waking, mad, or well-advis’d?","work":"The Comedy of Errors","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-comedy-of-errors/#the-comedy-of-errors-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-comedy-of-errors-q4","title":"The Comedy of Errors","text":"Give me your hand, and let me feel your pulse.","work":"The Comedy of Errors","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-comedy-of-errors/#the-comedy-of-errors-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-comedy-of-errors-q5","title":"The Comedy of Errors","text":"Peace, doting wizard, peace; I am not mad.","work":"The Comedy of Errors","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-comedy-of-errors/#the-comedy-of-errors-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-comedy-of-errors-q6","title":"The Comedy of Errors","text":"The venom clamours of a jealous woman Poisons more deadly than a mad dog’s tooth.","work":"The Comedy of Errors","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-comedy-of-errors/#the-comedy-of-errors-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-comedy-of-errors-q7","title":"The Comedy of Errors","text":"Unquiet meals make ill digestions; Thereof the raging fire of fever bred, And what’s a fever but a fit of madness?","work":"The Comedy of Errors","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-comedy-of-errors/#the-comedy-of-errors-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-comedy-of-errors-q8","title":"The Comedy of Errors","text":"We came into the world like brother and brother, And now let’s go hand in hand, not one before another.","work":"The Comedy of Errors","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-comedy-of-errors/#the-comedy-of-errors-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"harrington-oceana-q1","title":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","text":"government (to define it de jure, or according to ancient prudence) is an art whereby a civil society of men is instituted and preserved upon the foundation of common right or interest; or, to follow Aristotle and Livy, it is the empire of laws, and not of men.","work":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","author":"James Harrington","url":"/works/harrington-oceana/#harrington-oceana-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"harrington-oceana-q2","title":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","text":"as is the proportion or balance of dominion or property in land, such is the nature of the empire.","work":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","author":"James Harrington","url":"/works/harrington-oceana/#harrington-oceana-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"harrington-oceana-q3","title":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","text":"But without an agrarian law, government, whether monarchical, aristocratical, or popular, has no long lease.","work":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","author":"James Harrington","url":"/works/harrington-oceana/#harrington-oceana-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"harrington-oceana-q4","title":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","text":"the whole mystery of a commonwealth, which lies only in dividing and choosing.","work":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","author":"James Harrington","url":"/works/harrington-oceana/#harrington-oceana-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"harrington-oceana-q5","title":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","text":"Dividing and choosing, in the language of a commonwealth, is debating and resolving","work":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","author":"James Harrington","url":"/works/harrington-oceana/#harrington-oceana-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"harrington-oceana-q6","title":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","text":"The wisdom of the few may be the light of mankind; but the interest of the few is not the profit of mankind nor of a commonwealth.","work":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","author":"James Harrington","url":"/works/harrington-oceana/#harrington-oceana-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"harrington-oceana-q7","title":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","text":"An equal commonwealth (by that which has been said) is a government established upon an equal agrarian, arising into the superstructures or three orders, the Senate debating and proposing, the people resolving, and the magistracy executing, by an equal rotation through the suffrage of the people given by the ballot.","work":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","author":"James Harrington","url":"/works/harrington-oceana/#harrington-oceana-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"harrington-oceana-q8","title":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","text":"Which is as if a man should tell famous Harvey that he transcribed his circulation of the blood, not out of the principles of nature, but out of the anatomy of this or that body.","work":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","author":"James Harrington","url":"/works/harrington-oceana/#harrington-oceana-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-communist-manifesto-q1","title":"The Communist Manifesto","text":"The history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggles","work":"The Communist Manifesto","author":"Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels","url":"/works/the-communist-manifesto/#the-communist-manifesto-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"whitman-complete-poems-q1","title":"The Complete Poems","text":"I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you","work":"The Complete Poems","author":"Walt Whitman","url":"/works/whitman-complete-poems/#whitman-complete-poems-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"whitman-complete-poems-q2","title":"The Complete Poems","text":"Do I contradict myself? Very well then I contradict myself, (I am large, I contain multitudes","work":"The Complete Poems","author":"Walt Whitman","url":"/works/whitman-complete-poems/#whitman-complete-poems-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"whitman-complete-poems-q3","title":"The Complete Poems","text":"I sound my barbaric yawp over the roofs of the world","work":"The Complete Poems","author":"Walt Whitman","url":"/works/whitman-complete-poems/#whitman-complete-poems-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-conquest-of-gaul-q1","title":"The Conquest of Gaul","text":"All Gaul is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, the Aquitani another, those who in their own language are called Celts, in ours Gauls, the third","work":"The Conquest of Gaul","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-conquest-of-gaul/#the-conquest-of-gaul-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-conquest-of-gaul-q2","title":"The Conquest of Gaul","text":"in most cases men willingly believe what they wish","work":"The Conquest of Gaul","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-conquest-of-gaul/#the-conquest-of-gaul-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-conquest-of-gaul-q3","title":"The Conquest of Gaul","text":"Leap, fellow soldiers, unless you wish to betray your eagle to the enemy. I, for my part, will perform my duty to the commonwealth and my general","work":"The Conquest of Gaul","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-conquest-of-gaul/#the-conquest-of-gaul-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-conquest-of-gaul-q4","title":"The Conquest of Gaul","text":"Cicero himself, though he was in very weak health, did not leave himself the night-time for repose, so that he was forced to spare himself by the spontaneous movement and entreaties of the soldiers","work":"The Conquest of Gaul","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-conquest-of-gaul/#the-conquest-of-gaul-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-conquest-of-gaul-q5","title":"The Conquest of Gaul","text":"They wish to inculcate this as one of their leading tenets, that souls do not become extinct, but pass after death from one body to another, and they think that men by this tenet are in a great degree excited to valour, the fear of death being disregarded","work":"The Conquest of Gaul","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-conquest-of-gaul/#the-conquest-of-gaul-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-conquest-of-gaul-q6","title":"The Conquest of Gaul","text":"they who are troubled with unusually severe diseases and they who are engaged in battles and dangers, either sacrifice men as victims, or vow that they will sacrifice them, and employ the Druids as the performers of those sacrifices","work":"The Conquest of Gaul","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-conquest-of-gaul/#the-conquest-of-gaul-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-conquest-of-gaul-q7","title":"The Conquest of Gaul","text":"Thus, being excited by the massacre at Genabum and the fatigue of the siege, they spared neither those worn out with years, women, or children","work":"The Conquest of Gaul","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-conquest-of-gaul/#the-conquest-of-gaul-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-conquest-of-gaul-q8","title":"The Conquest of Gaul","text":"To be unable to bear privation for a short time is disgraceful cowardice, not true valour. Those who voluntarily offer themselves to death are more easily found than those who would calmly endure distress","work":"The Conquest of Gaul","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-conquest-of-gaul/#the-conquest-of-gaul-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-conquest-of-gaul-q9","title":"The Conquest of Gaul","text":"supported life by the corpses of those who appeared useless for war on account of their age, and did not surrender to the enemy","work":"The Conquest of Gaul","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-conquest-of-gaul/#the-conquest-of-gaul-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-conquest-of-gaul-q10","title":"The Conquest of Gaul","text":"When these came to the Roman fortifications, weeping, they begged of the soldiers by every entreaty to receive them as slaves and relieve them with food. But Caesar, placing guards on the rampart, forbade them to be admitted","work":"The Conquest of Gaul","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-conquest-of-gaul/#the-conquest-of-gaul-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-conquest-of-gaul-q11","title":"The Conquest of Gaul","text":"Accordingly he cut off the hands of those who had borne arms against him. Their lives he spared, that the punishment of their rebellion might be the more conspicuous","work":"The Conquest of Gaul","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-conquest-of-gaul/#the-conquest-of-gaul-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-courage-of-sarah-noble-q1","title":"The Courage of Sarah Noble","text":"Keep up your courage, Sarah Noble.","work":"The Courage of Sarah Noble","author":"Alice Dalgliesh","url":"/works/the-courage-of-sarah-noble/#the-courage-of-sarah-noble-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-courage-of-sarah-noble-q2","title":"The Courage of Sarah Noble","text":"To be afraid and to be brave is the best courage of all.","work":"The Courage of Sarah Noble","author":"Alice Dalgliesh","url":"/works/the-courage-of-sarah-noble/#the-courage-of-sarah-noble-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-cricket-in-times-square-q1","title":"The Cricket in Times Square","text":"A mouse was looking at Mario.","work":"The Cricket in Times Square","author":"George Selden","url":"/works/the-cricket-in-times-square/#the-cricket-in-times-square-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-death-of-ivan-ilyich-q1","title":"The Death of Ivan Ilyich","text":"Ivan Ilych's life had been most simple and most ordinary and therefore most terrible.","work":"The Death of Ivan Ilyich","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/the-death-of-ivan-ilyich/#the-death-of-ivan-ilyich-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-death-of-ivan-ilyich-q2","title":"The Death of Ivan Ilyich","text":"There was no fear because there was no death. In place of death there was light.","work":"The Death of Ivan Ilyich","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/the-death-of-ivan-ilyich/#the-death-of-ivan-ilyich-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-death-of-ivan-ilyich-q3","title":"The Death of Ivan Ilyich","text":"\"Death is finished,\" he said to himself. \"It is no more!\"","work":"The Death of Ivan Ilyich","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/the-death-of-ivan-ilyich/#the-death-of-ivan-ilyich-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-divine-comedy-q1","title":"The Divine Comedy","text":"Midway upon the journey of our life I found myself within a forest dark, For the straightforward pathway had been lost","work":"The Divine Comedy","author":"Dante Alighieri","url":"/works/the-divine-comedy/#the-divine-comedy-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-divine-comedy-q2","title":"The Divine Comedy","text":"All hope abandon, ye who enter in","work":"The Divine Comedy","author":"Dante Alighieri","url":"/works/the-divine-comedy/#the-divine-comedy-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-door-in-the-wall-q1","title":"The Door in the Wall","text":"Thou hast only to follow the wall far enough and there will be a door in it.","work":"The Door in the Wall","author":"Marguerite de Angeli","url":"/works/the-door-in-the-wall/#the-door-in-the-wall-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-dream-of-the-rood-q1","title":"The Dream of the Rood","text":"Methought I saw a wondrous wood Tower aloft with light bewound, Brightest of trees;","work":"The Dream of the Rood","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-dream-of-the-rood/#the-dream-of-the-rood-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-dream-of-the-rood-q2","title":"The Dream of the Rood","text":"Almighty God was He, Strong and stern of mind; He stied on the gallows high, Bold in sight of many, for man He would redeem.","work":"The Dream of the Rood","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-dream-of-the-rood/#the-dream-of-the-rood-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-dream-of-the-rood-q3","title":"The Dream of the Rood","text":"A rood was I upreared; I raised the mighty King, The Lord of Heaven; I durst not bend me.","work":"The Dream of the Rood","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-dream-of-the-rood/#the-dream-of-the-rood-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-dream-of-the-rood-q4","title":"The Dream of the Rood","text":"There wept all creation, Bewailed the King's death; Christ was on the cross.","work":"The Dream of the Rood","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-dream-of-the-rood/#the-dream-of-the-rood-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-dream-of-the-rood-q5","title":"The Dream of the Rood","text":"Death tasted He there; yet the Lord arose With His mickle might for help to men.","work":"The Dream of the Rood","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-dream-of-the-rood/#the-dream-of-the-rood-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-dream-of-the-rood-q6","title":"The Dream of the Rood","text":"Who bears in his breast the best of beacons;","work":"The Dream of the Rood","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-dream-of-the-rood/#the-dream-of-the-rood-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-dream-of-the-rood-q7","title":"The Dream of the Rood","text":"May the Lord be my friend, Who here on earth suffered before On the gallows-tree for the sins of man!","work":"The Dream of the Rood","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-dream-of-the-rood/#the-dream-of-the-rood-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-eagle-of-the-ninth-q1","title":"The Eagle of the Ninth","text":"The honours were all to win—perhaps during his command.","work":"The Eagle of the Ninth","author":"Rosemary Sutcliff","url":"/works/the-eagle-of-the-ninth/#the-eagle-of-the-ninth-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"early-christian-creeds-q1","title":"The Early Christian Creeds","text":"I believe in God the Father Almighty [Maker of heaven and earth","work":"The Early Christian Creeds","author":"Various","url":"/works/early-christian-creeds/#early-christian-creeds-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"early-christian-creeds-q2","title":"The Early Christian Creeds","text":"We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of all things visible and invisible","work":"The Early Christian Creeds","author":"Various","url":"/works/early-christian-creeds/#early-christian-creeds-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"early-christian-creeds-q3","title":"The Early Christian Creeds","text":"Begotten, not made, Being of one substance with the Father","work":"The Early Christian Creeds","author":"Various","url":"/works/early-christian-creeds/#early-christian-creeds-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"early-christian-creeds-q4","title":"The Early Christian Creeds","text":"one and the same Christ, Son, Lord, Only-begotten","work":"The Early Christian Creeds","author":"Various","url":"/works/early-christian-creeds/#early-christian-creeds-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"early-christian-creeds-q5","title":"The Early Christian Creeds","text":"Whosoever will be saved: before all things it is necessary that he hold the Catholic Faith","work":"The Early Christian Creeds","author":"Various","url":"/works/early-christian-creeds/#early-christian-creeds-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-faerie-queene-q1","title":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","text":"Fierce warres and faithfull loves shall moralize my song.","work":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","author":"Edmund Spenser","url":"/works/the-faerie-queene/#the-faerie-queene-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-faerie-queene-q2","title":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","text":"The deare remembrance of his dying Lord, For whose sweete sake that glorious badge he wore, And dead as living ever him ador'd","work":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","author":"Edmund Spenser","url":"/works/the-faerie-queene/#the-faerie-queene-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-faerie-queene-q3","title":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","text":"Vertue gives her selfe light, through darkenesse for to wade.","work":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","author":"Edmund Spenser","url":"/works/the-faerie-queene/#the-faerie-queene-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-faerie-queene-q4","title":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","text":"And made a sunshine in the shadie place","work":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","author":"Edmund Spenser","url":"/works/the-faerie-queene/#the-faerie-queene-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-faerie-queene-q5","title":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","text":"Ay me, how many perils doe enfold The righteous man, to make him daily fall, Were not that heavenly grace doth him uphold, And stedfast truth acquite him out of all.","work":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","author":"Edmund Spenser","url":"/works/the-faerie-queene/#the-faerie-queene-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-faerie-queene-q6","title":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","text":"Is not short paine well borne, that brings long ease, And layes the soule to sleepe in quiet grave? Sleepe after toyle, port after stormie seas, Ease after warre, death after life does greatly please.","work":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","author":"Edmund Spenser","url":"/works/the-faerie-queene/#the-faerie-queene-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-faerie-queene-q7","title":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","text":"If any strength we have, it is to ill, But all the good is Gods, both power and eke will.","work":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","author":"Edmund Spenser","url":"/works/the-faerie-queene/#the-faerie-queene-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-faerie-queene-q8","title":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","text":"In that disease of grieved conscience, And well could cure the same; his name was Patience.","work":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","author":"Edmund Spenser","url":"/works/the-faerie-queene/#the-faerie-queene-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"harper-the-fate-of-rome-q1","title":"The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire","text":"equally decided by bacteria and viruses, volcanoes and solar cycles","work":"The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire","author":"Kyle Harper","url":"/works/harper-the-fate-of-rome/#harper-the-fate-of-rome-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-federalist-papers-q1","title":"The Federalist Papers","text":"whether societies of men are really capable or not of establishing good government from reflection and choice","work":"The Federalist Papers","author":"Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay","url":"/works/the-federalist-papers/#the-federalist-papers-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-federalist-papers-q2","title":"The Federalist Papers","text":"If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary","work":"The Federalist Papers","author":"Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay","url":"/works/the-federalist-papers/#the-federalist-papers-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-federalist-papers-q3","title":"The Federalist Papers","text":"Ambition must be made to counteract ambition","work":"The Federalist Papers","author":"Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay","url":"/works/the-federalist-papers/#the-federalist-papers-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-founding-documents-q1","title":"The Founding Documents","text":"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness","work":"The Founding Documents","author":"Continental Congress and United States Constitutional Convention","url":"/works/the-founding-documents/#the-founding-documents-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-founding-documents-q2","title":"The Founding Documents","text":"We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America","work":"The Founding Documents","author":"Continental Congress and United States Constitutional Convention","url":"/works/the-founding-documents/#the-founding-documents-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-gay-science-q1","title":"The Gay Science","text":"God is dead! God remains dead! And we have killed him","work":"The Gay Science","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-gay-science/#the-gay-science-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"keynes-the-general-theory-q1","title":"The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money","text":"Practical men, who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual influences, are usually the slaves of some defunct economist.","work":"The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money","author":"John Maynard Keynes","url":"/works/keynes-the-general-theory/#keynes-the-general-theory-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"keynes-the-general-theory-q2","title":"The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money","text":"I am sure that the power of vested interests is vastly exaggerated compared with the gradual encroachment of ideas.","work":"The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money","author":"John Maynard Keynes","url":"/works/keynes-the-general-theory/#keynes-the-general-theory-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"gettysburg-address-q1","title":"The Gettysburg Address","text":"Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.","work":"The Gettysburg Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/gettysburg-address/#gettysburg-address-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"gettysburg-address-q2","title":"The Gettysburg Address","text":"Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure.","work":"The Gettysburg Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/gettysburg-address/#gettysburg-address-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"gettysburg-address-q3","title":"The Gettysburg Address","text":"But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.","work":"The Gettysburg Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/gettysburg-address/#gettysburg-address-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"gettysburg-address-q4","title":"The Gettysburg Address","text":"The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.","work":"The Gettysburg Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/gettysburg-address/#gettysburg-address-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"gettysburg-address-q5","title":"The Gettysburg Address","text":"that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion","work":"The Gettysburg Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/gettysburg-address/#gettysburg-address-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"gettysburg-address-q6","title":"The Gettysburg Address","text":"that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.","work":"The Gettysburg Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/gettysburg-address/#gettysburg-address-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-giver-q1","title":"The Giver","text":"The worst part of holding the memories is not the pain. It's the loneliness of it. Memories need to be shared.","work":"The Giver","author":"Lois Lowry","url":"/works/the-giver/#the-giver-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-giver-q2","title":"The Giver","text":"Behind him, across vast distances of space and time, from the place he had left, he thought he heard music too.","work":"The Giver","author":"Lois Lowry","url":"/works/the-giver/#the-giver-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"frazer-the-golden-bough-q1","title":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","text":"He was a priest and a murderer; and the man for whom he looked was sooner or later to murder him and hold the priesthood in his stead.","work":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","author":"James George Frazer","url":"/works/frazer-the-golden-bough/#frazer-the-golden-bough-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"frazer-the-golden-bough-q2","title":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","text":"first, that like produces like, or that an effect resembles its cause; and, second, that things which have once been in contact with each other continue to act on each other at a distance after the physical contact has been severed.","work":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","author":"James George Frazer","url":"/works/frazer-the-golden-bough/#frazer-the-golden-bough-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"frazer-the-golden-bough-q3","title":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","text":"magic is a spurious system of natural law as well as a fallacious guide of conduct; it is a false science as well as an abortive art.","work":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","author":"James George Frazer","url":"/works/frazer-the-golden-bough/#frazer-the-golden-bough-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"frazer-the-golden-bough-q4","title":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","text":"Another beneficent use of homoeopathic magic is to heal or prevent sickness.","work":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","author":"James George Frazer","url":"/works/frazer-the-golden-bough/#frazer-the-golden-bough-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"frazer-the-golden-bough-q5","title":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","text":"They were the direct predecessors, not merely of our physicians and surgeons, but of our investigators and discoverers in every branch of natural science.","work":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","author":"James George Frazer","url":"/works/frazer-the-golden-bough/#frazer-the-golden-bough-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"frazer-the-golden-bough-q6","title":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","text":"the movement of the higher thought, so far as we can trace it, has on the whole been from magic through religion to science.","work":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","author":"James George Frazer","url":"/works/frazer-the-golden-bough/#frazer-the-golden-bough-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"frazer-the-golden-bough-q7","title":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","text":"The advance of knowledge is an infinite progression towards a goal that for ever recedes.","work":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","author":"James George Frazer","url":"/works/frazer-the-golden-bough/#frazer-the-golden-bough-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"frazer-the-golden-bough-q8","title":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","text":"the black thread of magic, the red thread of religion, and the white thread of science","work":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","author":"James George Frazer","url":"/works/frazer-the-golden-bough/#frazer-the-golden-bough-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"colum-the-golden-fleece-q1","title":"The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles","text":"For Æson's sake I will rear and foster this child,","work":"The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles","author":"Padraic Colum","url":"/works/colum-the-golden-fleece/#colum-the-golden-fleece-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"colum-the-golden-fleece-q2","title":"The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles","text":"He sang how at first Earth and Heaven and Sea were all mixed and mingled together. There was neither Light nor Darkness then, but only a Dimness. This was Chaos.","work":"The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles","author":"Padraic Colum","url":"/works/colum-the-golden-fleece/#colum-the-golden-fleece-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"colum-the-golden-fleece-q3","title":"The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles","text":"And now because of Hope they could see an end to their troubles.","work":"The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles","author":"Padraic Colum","url":"/works/colum-the-golden-fleece/#colum-the-golden-fleece-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"colum-the-golden-fleece-q4","title":"The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles","text":"For upon that mountain the Titan god was held, his limbs bound upon the hard rocks by fetters of bronze.","work":"The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles","author":"Padraic Colum","url":"/works/colum-the-golden-fleece/#colum-the-golden-fleece-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"colum-the-golden-fleece-q5","title":"The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles","text":"Arete told her that she was to forget all the witcheries and enchantments that she knew, and that she was never to practice against the life of any one.","work":"The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles","author":"Padraic Colum","url":"/works/colum-the-golden-fleece/#colum-the-golden-fleece-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"colum-the-golden-fleece-q6","title":"The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles","text":"Thus, after many labors, Heracles passed away, a mortal passing into an immortal being in a great burning high above the sea.","work":"The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles","author":"Padraic Colum","url":"/works/colum-the-golden-fleece/#colum-the-golden-fleece-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"colum-the-golden-fleece-q7","title":"The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles","text":"BUT GO IN JOY, AND AS FOR LABOR LET THERE BE NO GRIEVING THAT LIMBS IN YOUTHFUL VIGOR SHOULD STILL TOIL.","work":"The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles","author":"Padraic Colum","url":"/works/colum-the-golden-fleece/#colum-the-golden-fleece-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"golden-legend-popular-saints-q1","title":"The Golden Legend: Popular Saints","text":"And when the holy man Nicholas knew hereof he had great horror of this villainy, and threw by night secretly into the house of the man a mass of gold wrapped in a cloth","work":"The Golden Legend: Popular Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; William Caxton","url":"/works/golden-legend-popular-saints/#golden-legend-popular-saints-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"golden-legend-popular-saints-q2","title":"The Golden Legend: Popular Saints","text":"St. Valentine, friend of our Lord and priest of great authority, was at Rome","work":"The Golden Legend: Popular Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; William Caxton","url":"/works/golden-legend-popular-saints/#golden-legend-popular-saints-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"golden-legend-popular-saints-q3","title":"The Golden Legend: Popular Saints","text":"Saint George said to them, \"Doubt not. Believe in God and Jesus Christ, and be baptized, and I shall slay the dragon","work":"The Golden Legend: Popular Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; William Caxton","url":"/works/golden-legend-popular-saints/#golden-legend-popular-saints-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"golden-legend-popular-saints-q4","title":"The Golden Legend: Popular Saints","text":"The child answered: \"Marvel thee nothing, Christopher, for thou hast not only borne all the world upon thee, but thou hast borne him that created and made all the world upon thy shoulders","work":"The Golden Legend: Popular Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; William Caxton","url":"/works/golden-legend-popular-saints/#golden-legend-popular-saints-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"golden-legend-popular-saints-q5","title":"The Golden Legend: Popular Saints","text":"The king established a church there in honor of Our Lady and of Saint George, in which there flows to this day a fountain of living water that heals sick people who drink from it","work":"The Golden Legend: Popular Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; William Caxton","url":"/works/golden-legend-popular-saints/#golden-legend-popular-saints-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"golden-legend-popular-saints-q6","title":"The Golden Legend: Popular Saints","text":"Then they drew out their swords and smote her through the throat, but nevertheless she died not anon, but preached to the people","work":"The Golden Legend: Popular Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; William Caxton","url":"/works/golden-legend-popular-saints/#golden-legend-popular-saints-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-great-gatsby-q1","title":"The Great Gatsby","text":"just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.","work":"The Great Gatsby","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/the-great-gatsby/#the-great-gatsby-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-great-gatsby-q2","title":"The Great Gatsby","text":"it was an extraordinary gift for hope, a romantic readiness such as I have never found in any other person","work":"The Great Gatsby","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/the-great-gatsby/#the-great-gatsby-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-great-gatsby-q3","title":"The Great Gatsby","text":"He was a son of God—a phrase which, if it means anything, means just that—and he must be about His Father’s business, the service of a vast, vulgar, and meretricious beauty.","work":"The Great Gatsby","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/the-great-gatsby/#the-great-gatsby-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-great-gatsby-q4","title":"The Great Gatsby","text":"Her voice is full of money","work":"The Great Gatsby","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/the-great-gatsby/#the-great-gatsby-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-great-gatsby-q5","title":"The Great Gatsby","text":"You’re worth the whole damn bunch put together.","work":"The Great Gatsby","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/the-great-gatsby/#the-great-gatsby-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-great-gatsby-q6","title":"The Great Gatsby","text":"They were careless people, Tom and Daisy—they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness","work":"The Great Gatsby","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/the-great-gatsby/#the-great-gatsby-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-great-gatsby-q7","title":"The Great Gatsby","text":"Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgiastic future that year by year recedes before us.","work":"The Great Gatsby","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/the-great-gatsby/#the-great-gatsby-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-great-gatsby-q8","title":"The Great Gatsby","text":"So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.","work":"The Great Gatsby","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/the-great-gatsby/#the-great-gatsby-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"solzhenitsyn-the-gulag-archipelago-q1","title":"The Gulag Archipelago","text":"But the line dividing good and evil cuts through the heart of every human being. And who is willing to destroy a piece of his own heart?","work":"The Gulag Archipelago","author":"Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn","url":"/works/solzhenitsyn-the-gulag-archipelago/#solzhenitsyn-the-gulag-archipelago-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"kingsley-the-heroes-q1","title":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","text":"The stories are not all true, of course, nor half of them; you are not simple enough to fancy that; but the meaning of them is true, and true for ever, and that is—Do right, and God will help you.","work":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","author":"Charles Kingsley","url":"/works/kingsley-the-heroes/#kingsley-the-heroes-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"kingsley-the-heroes-q2","title":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","text":"And we call such a man a hero in English to this day, and call it a ‘heroic’ thing to suffer pain and grief, that we may do good to our fellow-men.","work":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","author":"Charles Kingsley","url":"/works/kingsley-the-heroes/#kingsley-the-heroes-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"kingsley-the-heroes-q3","title":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","text":"he who overcomes in one trial merits thereby a sharper trial still.","work":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","author":"Charles Kingsley","url":"/works/kingsley-the-heroes/#kingsley-the-heroes-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"kingsley-the-heroes-q4","title":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","text":"Better so than live here, useless and despised","work":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","author":"Charles Kingsley","url":"/works/kingsley-the-heroes/#kingsley-the-heroes-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"kingsley-the-heroes-q5","title":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","text":"for each of us has a Golden Fleece to seek, and a wild sea to sail over ere we reach it, and dragons to fight ere it be ours.","work":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","author":"Charles Kingsley","url":"/works/kingsley-the-heroes/#kingsley-the-heroes-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"kingsley-the-heroes-q6","title":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","text":"it stands for ever as a warning to us not to seek for help from evil persons, or to gain good ends by evil means.","work":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","author":"Charles Kingsley","url":"/works/kingsley-the-heroes/#kingsley-the-heroes-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"kingsley-the-heroes-q7","title":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","text":"But if men grow proud and self-willed, and misuse God’s fair gifts, He lets them go their own ways, and fall pitifully, that the glory may be His alone.","work":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","author":"Charles Kingsley","url":"/works/kingsley-the-heroes/#kingsley-the-heroes-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-hiding-place-q1","title":"The Hiding Place","text":"there is no pit so deep that He is not deeper still","work":"The Hiding Place","author":"Corrie ten Boom","url":"/works/the-hiding-place/#the-hiding-place-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"tacitus-the-histories-q1","title":"The Histories","text":"it is the rare fortune of these days that a man may think what he likes and say what he thinks.","work":"The Histories","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/tacitus-the-histories/#tacitus-the-histories-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"tacitus-the-histories-q2","title":"The Histories","text":"Slaves were bribed against their masters, freedmen against their patrons, and, if a man had no enemies, he was ruined by his friends.","work":"The Histories","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/tacitus-the-histories/#tacitus-the-histories-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"tacitus-the-histories-q3","title":"The Histories","text":"never has it been proved by such terrible disasters to Rome or by such clear evidence that Providence is concerned not with our peace of mind but rather with vengeance for our sin.","work":"The Histories","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/tacitus-the-histories/#tacitus-the-histories-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"tacitus-the-histories-q4","title":"The Histories","text":"It had divulged a secret of state: an emperor could be made elsewhere than at Rome.","work":"The Histories","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/tacitus-the-histories/#tacitus-the-histories-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"tacitus-the-histories-q5","title":"The Histories","text":"When he was a commoner he seemed too big for his station, and had he never been emperor, no one would have doubted his ability to reign.","work":"The Histories","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/tacitus-the-histories/#tacitus-the-histories-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"tacitus-the-histories-q6","title":"The Histories","text":"He was the first emperor who ever changed for the better.","work":"The Histories","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/tacitus-the-histories/#tacitus-the-histories-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"tacitus-the-histories-q7","title":"The Histories","text":"You must put up with luxury and greed in your masters, just as you put up with bad crops or excessive rain, or any other natural disaster. Vice will last as long as mankind.","work":"The Histories","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/tacitus-the-histories/#tacitus-the-histories-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"tacitus-the-histories-q8","title":"The Histories","text":"he eventually told the doctors to form an opinion whether such cases of blindness and deformity could be remedied by human aid.","work":"The Histories","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/tacitus-the-histories/#tacitus-the-histories-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-histories-q1","title":"The Histories","text":"This is the Showing forth of the Inquiry of Herodotus of Halicarnassos, to the end that neither the deeds of men may be forgotten by lapse of time","work":"The Histories","author":"Herodotus","url":"/works/the-histories/#the-histories-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"polybius-histories-book-vi-q1","title":"The Histories, Book VI","text":"This is the regular cycle of constitutional revolutions, and the natural order in which constitutions change, are transformed, and return again to their original stage.","work":"The Histories, Book VI","author":"Polybius","url":"/works/polybius-histories-book-vi/#polybius-histories-book-vi-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"polybius-histories-book-vi-q2","title":"The Histories, Book VI","text":"For just as rust is the natural dissolvent of iron, wood-worms and grubs to timber, by which they are destroyed without any external injury, but by that which is engendered in themselves; so in each constitution there is naturally engendered a particular vice inseparable from it","work":"The Histories, Book VI","author":"Polybius","url":"/works/polybius-histories-book-vi/#polybius-histories-book-vi-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"polybius-histories-book-vi-q3","title":"The Histories, Book VI","text":"no one could say for certain, not even a native, whether the constitution as a whole were an aristocracy or democracy or despotism.","work":"The Histories, Book VI","author":"Polybius","url":"/works/polybius-histories-book-vi/#polybius-histories-book-vi-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"polybius-histories-book-vi-q4","title":"The Histories, Book VI","text":"For the people is the sole fountain of honour and of punishment","work":"The Histories, Book VI","author":"Polybius","url":"/works/polybius-histories-book-vi/#polybius-histories-book-vi-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"polybius-histories-book-vi-q5","title":"The Histories, Book VI","text":"There could not easily be a more inspiring spectacle than this for a young man of noble ambitions and virtuous aspirations.","work":"The Histories, Book VI","author":"Polybius","url":"/works/polybius-histories-book-vi/#polybius-histories-book-vi-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"polybius-histories-book-vi-q6","title":"The Histories, Book VI","text":"a scrupulous fear of the gods, is the very thing which keeps the Roman commonwealth together.","work":"The Histories, Book VI","author":"Polybius","url":"/works/polybius-histories-book-vi/#polybius-histories-book-vi-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"polybius-histories-book-vi-q7","title":"The Histories, Book VI","text":"the constitution will receive a new name, which sounds better than any other in the world, liberty or democracy; but, in fact, it will become that worst of all governments, mob-rule.","work":"The Histories, Book VI","author":"Polybius","url":"/works/polybius-histories-book-vi/#polybius-histories-book-vi-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v-q1","title":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","text":"This it is which is particularly salutary and profitable in the study of history, that you behold instances of every variety of conduct displayed on a conspicuous monument","work":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","author":"Livy (Titus Livius)","url":"/works/livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v/#livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v-q2","title":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","text":"when we can neither endure our vices, nor their remedies","work":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","author":"Livy (Titus Livius)","url":"/works/livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v/#livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v-q3","title":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","text":"But the body only has been violated, the mind is guiltless; death shall be my witness.","work":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","author":"Livy (Titus Livius)","url":"/works/livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v/#livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v-q4","title":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","text":"Both to act and to suffer with fortitude is a Roman's part.","work":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","author":"Livy (Titus Livius)","url":"/works/livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v/#livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v-q5","title":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","text":"Thence it became apparent that the service of the belly was by no means a slothful one; that it did not so much receive nourishment as supply it","work":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","author":"Livy (Titus Livius)","url":"/works/livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v/#livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v-q6","title":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","text":"It is worth those persons' while to listen, who despise all things human in comparison with riches","work":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","author":"Livy (Titus Livius)","url":"/works/livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v/#livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v-q7","title":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","text":"Woe to the vanquished!","work":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","author":"Livy (Titus Livius)","url":"/works/livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v/#livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v-q8","title":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","text":"to recover their country with steel, not with gold","work":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","author":"Livy (Titus Livius)","url":"/works/livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v/#livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections-q1","title":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","text":"The various modes of worship, which prevailed in the Roman world, were all considered by the people, as equally true; by the philosopher, as equally false; and by the magistrate, as equally useful.","work":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","author":"Edward Gibbon","url":"/works/gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections/#gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections-q2","title":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","text":"it may be defined an absolute monarchy disguised by the forms of a commonwealth.","work":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","author":"Edward Gibbon","url":"/works/gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections/#gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections-q3","title":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","text":"which is, indeed, little more than the register of the crimes, follies, and misfortunes of mankind.","work":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","author":"Edward Gibbon","url":"/works/gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections/#gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections-q4","title":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","text":"If a man were called to fix the period in the history of the world, during which the condition of the human race was most happy and prosperous, he would, without hesitation, name that which elapsed from the death of Domitian to the accession of Commodus.","work":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","author":"Edward Gibbon","url":"/works/gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections/#gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections-q5","title":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","text":"But the decline of Rome was the natural and inevitable effect of immoderate greatness.","work":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","author":"Edward Gibbon","url":"/works/gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections/#gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections-q6","title":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","text":"If the decline of the Roman empire was hastened by the conversion of Constantine, his victorious religion broke the violence of the fall, and mollified the ferocious temper of the conquerors.","work":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","author":"Edward Gibbon","url":"/works/gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections/#gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections-q7","title":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","text":"every age of the world has increased, and still increases, the real wealth, the happiness, the knowledge, and perhaps the virtue, of the human race.","work":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","author":"Edward Gibbon","url":"/works/gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections/#gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections-q8","title":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","text":"The spider has wove his web in the Imperial palace; and the owl hath sung her watch-song on the towers of Afrasiab.","work":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","author":"Edward Gibbon","url":"/works/gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections/#gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"fielding-tom-jones-q1","title":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","text":"I am, in reality, the founder of a new province of writing, so I am at liberty to make what laws I please therein.","work":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","author":"Henry Fielding","url":"/works/fielding-tom-jones/#fielding-tom-jones-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"fielding-tom-jones-q2","title":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","text":"Square held human nature to be the perfection of all virtue, and that vice was a deviation from our nature, in the same manner as deformity of body is.","work":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","author":"Henry Fielding","url":"/works/fielding-tom-jones/#fielding-tom-jones-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"fielding-tom-jones-q3","title":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","text":"Thwackum, on the contrary, maintained that the human mind, since the fall, was nothing but a sink of iniquity, till purified and redeemed by grace.","work":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","author":"Henry Fielding","url":"/works/fielding-tom-jones/#fielding-tom-jones-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"fielding-tom-jones-q4","title":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","text":"Prudence and circumspection are necessary even to the best of men. They are indeed, as it were, a guard to Virtue, without which she can never be safe.","work":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","author":"Henry Fielding","url":"/works/fielding-tom-jones/#fielding-tom-jones-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"fielding-tom-jones-q5","title":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","text":"Hushed be every ruder breath.","work":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","author":"Henry Fielding","url":"/works/fielding-tom-jones/#fielding-tom-jones-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"fielding-tom-jones-q6","title":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","text":"Dr Y. holding that he died of an apoplexy, and Dr Z. of an epilepsy.","work":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","author":"Henry Fielding","url":"/works/fielding-tom-jones/#fielding-tom-jones-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"fielding-tom-jones-q7","title":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","text":"why, I could act as well as he myself. I am sure, if I had seen a ghost, I should have looked in the very same manner, and done just as he did.","work":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","author":"Henry Fielding","url":"/works/fielding-tom-jones/#fielding-tom-jones-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"fielding-tom-jones-q8","title":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","text":"He hath also, by reflection on his past follies, acquired a discretion and prudence very uncommon in one of his lively parts.","work":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","author":"Henry Fielding","url":"/works/fielding-tom-jones/#fielding-tom-jones-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-hobbit-q1","title":"The Hobbit","text":"In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit.","work":"The Hobbit","author":"J. R. R. Tolkien","url":"/works/the-hobbit/#the-hobbit-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-hobbit-q2","title":"The Hobbit","text":"If more of us valued food and cheer and song above hoarded gold, it would be a merrier world.","work":"The Hobbit","author":"J. R. R. Tolkien","url":"/works/the-hobbit/#the-hobbit-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"homeric-hymns-q1","title":"The Homeric Hymns","text":"Happy is he among men upon earth who has seen these mysteries; but he who is uninitiate and who has no part in them, never has lot of like good things once he is dead, down in the darkness and gloom.","work":"The Homeric Hymns","author":"Anonymous (Homeric)","url":"/works/homeric-hymns/#homeric-hymns-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"homeric-hymns-q2","title":"The Homeric Hymns","text":"He is a blind man, and dwells in rocky Chios: his lays are evermore supreme.","work":"The Homeric Hymns","author":"Anonymous (Homeric)","url":"/works/homeric-hymns/#homeric-hymns-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"homeric-hymns-q3","title":"The Homeric Hymns","text":"For it was Hermes who first made the tortoise a singer.","work":"The Homeric Hymns","author":"Anonymous (Homeric)","url":"/works/homeric-hymns/#homeric-hymns-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"homeric-hymns-q4","title":"The Homeric Hymns","text":"There he babbles endlessly, and no more has strength at all, such as once he had in his supple limbs.","work":"The Homeric Hymns","author":"Anonymous (Homeric)","url":"/works/homeric-hymns/#homeric-hymns-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"homeric-hymns-q5","title":"The Homeric Hymns","text":"I begin to sing of Asclepius, son of Apollo and healer of sicknesses.","work":"The Homeric Hymns","author":"Anonymous (Homeric)","url":"/works/homeric-hymns/#homeric-hymns-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"homeric-hymns-q6","title":"The Homeric Hymns","text":"Happy is he whom the Muses love: sweet flows speech from his lips.","work":"The Homeric Hymns","author":"Anonymous (Homeric)","url":"/works/homeric-hymns/#homeric-hymns-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"homeric-hymns-q7","title":"The Homeric Hymns","text":"I will sing of well-founded Earth, mother of all, eldest of all beings. She feeds all creatures that are in the world, all that go upon the goodly land, and all that are in the paths of the seas, and all that fly: all these are fed of her store.","work":"The Homeric Hymns","author":"Anonymous (Homeric)","url":"/works/homeric-hymns/#homeric-hymns-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-horse-and-his-boy-q1","title":"The Horse and His Boy","text":"My good Horse, you've lost nothing but your self-conceit.","work":"The Horse and His Boy","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-horse-and-his-boy/#the-horse-and-his-boy-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-horse-and-his-boy-q2","title":"The Horse and His Boy","text":"I am telling you your story, not hers. I tell no one any story but his own.","work":"The Horse and His Boy","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-horse-and-his-boy/#the-horse-and-his-boy-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-hound-of-the-baskervilles-q1","title":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","text":"It may be that you are not yourself luminous, but you are a conductor of light.","work":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-hound-of-the-baskervilles/#the-hound-of-the-baskervilles-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-hound-of-the-baskervilles-q2","title":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","text":"forbear from crossing the moor in those dark hours when the powers of evil are exalted.","work":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-hound-of-the-baskervilles/#the-hound-of-the-baskervilles-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-hound-of-the-baskervilles-q3","title":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","text":"Sir Charles’s nervous system was strained to the breaking point.","work":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-hound-of-the-baskervilles/#the-hound-of-the-baskervilles-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-hound-of-the-baskervilles-q4","title":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","text":"Mr. Holmes, they were the footprints of a gigantic hound!","work":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-hound-of-the-baskervilles/#the-hound-of-the-baskervilles-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-hound-of-the-baskervilles-q5","title":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","text":"The world is full of obvious things which nobody by any chance ever observes.","work":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-hound-of-the-baskervilles/#the-hound-of-the-baskervilles-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-hound-of-the-baskervilles-q6","title":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","text":"A false step yonder means death to man or beast.","work":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-hound-of-the-baskervilles/#the-hound-of-the-baskervilles-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-hound-of-the-baskervilles-q7","title":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","text":"it is an interesting instance of a throwback, which appears to be both physical and spiritual.","work":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-hound-of-the-baskervilles/#the-hound-of-the-baskervilles-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-hound-of-the-baskervilles-q8","title":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","text":"Never in the delirious dream of a disordered brain could anything more savage, more appalling, more hellish be conceived than that dark form and savage face which broke upon us out of the wall of fog.","work":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-hound-of-the-baskervilles/#the-hound-of-the-baskervilles-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-house-at-pooh-corner-q1","title":"The House at Pooh Corner","text":"But, of course, it isn't really Good-bye, because the Forest will always be there ... and anybody who is Friendly with Bears can find it.","work":"The House at Pooh Corner","author":"A. A. Milne","url":"/works/the-house-at-pooh-corner/#the-house-at-pooh-corner-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-house-at-pooh-corner-q2","title":"The House at Pooh Corner","text":"\"Thistles,\" said Tigger, \"is what Tiggers like best.\"","work":"The House at Pooh Corner","author":"A. A. Milne","url":"/works/the-house-at-pooh-corner/#the-house-at-pooh-corner-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-house-at-pooh-corner-q3","title":"The House at Pooh Corner","text":"They're funny things, Accidents. You never have them till you're having them.","work":"The House at Pooh Corner","author":"A. A. Milne","url":"/works/the-house-at-pooh-corner/#the-house-at-pooh-corner-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-house-at-pooh-corner-q4","title":"The House at Pooh Corner","text":"And then Piglet did a Noble Thing, and he did it in a sort of dream, while he was thinking of all the wonderful words Pooh had hummed about him.","work":"The House at Pooh Corner","author":"A. A. Milne","url":"/works/the-house-at-pooh-corner/#the-house-at-pooh-corner-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-house-at-pooh-corner-q5","title":"The House at Pooh Corner","text":"It means just going along, listening to all the things you can't hear, and not bothering.","work":"The House at Pooh Corner","author":"A. A. Milne","url":"/works/the-house-at-pooh-corner/#the-house-at-pooh-corner-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-house-at-pooh-corner-q6","title":"The House at Pooh Corner","text":"\"Pooh, _promise_ you won't forget about me, ever. Not even when I'm a hundred.\"","work":"The House at Pooh Corner","author":"A. A. Milne","url":"/works/the-house-at-pooh-corner/#the-house-at-pooh-corner-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-house-at-pooh-corner-q7","title":"The House at Pooh Corner","text":"So they went off together. But wherever they go, and whatever happens to them on the way, in that enchanted place on the top of the Forest, a little boy and his Bear will always be playing.","work":"The House at Pooh Corner","author":"A. A. Milne","url":"/works/the-house-at-pooh-corner/#the-house-at-pooh-corner-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-hundred-dresses-q1","title":"The Hundred Dresses","text":"I got a hundred dresses home.","work":"The Hundred Dresses","author":"Eleanor Estes","url":"/works/the-hundred-dresses/#the-hundred-dresses-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-hundred-dresses-q2","title":"The Hundred Dresses","text":"She was never going to stand by and say nothing again.","work":"The Hundred Dresses","author":"Eleanor Estes","url":"/works/the-hundred-dresses/#the-hundred-dresses-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-idiot-q1","title":"The Idiot","text":"To kill for murder is a punishment incomparably worse than the crime itself.","work":"The Idiot","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-idiot/#the-idiot-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-idiot-q2","title":"The Idiot","text":"What if I were not to die! What if I could go back to life—what eternity!","work":"The Idiot","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-idiot/#the-idiot-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-idiot-q3","title":"The Idiot","text":"Why, that picture might make some people lose their faith.","work":"The Idiot","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-idiot/#the-idiot-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-idiot-q4","title":"The Idiot","text":"God has just such gladness every time he sees from heaven that a sinner is praying to Him with all his heart, as a mother has when she sees the first smile on her baby’s face.","work":"The Idiot","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-idiot/#the-idiot-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-idiot-q5","title":"The Idiot","text":"Compassion was the chief and perhaps only law of all human existence.","work":"The Idiot","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-idiot/#the-idiot-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-idiot-q6","title":"The Idiot","text":"What does it matter that it is an abnormal intensity, if the result, if the minute of sensation, remembered and analysed afterwards in health, turns out to be the acme of harmony and beauty","work":"The Idiot","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-idiot/#the-idiot-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-idiot-q7","title":"The Idiot","text":"The poor knight is the same Don Quixote, only serious and not comic.","work":"The Idiot","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-idiot/#the-idiot-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-idiot-q8","title":"The Idiot","text":"the prince asserts that beauty will save the world!","work":"The Idiot","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-idiot/#the-idiot-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-iliad-q1","title":"The Iliad","text":"Sing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans","work":"The Iliad","author":"Homer","url":"/works/the-iliad/#the-iliad-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-iliad-q2","title":"The Iliad","text":"Men come and go as leaves year by year upon the trees","work":"The Iliad","author":"Homer","url":"/works/the-iliad/#the-iliad-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"wickham-the-inheritance-of-rome-q1","title":"The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000","text":"Early medieval Europe has, over and over, been misunderstood.","work":"The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000","author":"Chris Wickham","url":"/works/wickham-the-inheritance-of-rome/#wickham-the-inheritance-of-rome-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-innocence-of-father-brown-q1","title":"The Innocence of Father Brown","text":"Reason and justice grip the remotest and the loneliest star.","work":"The Innocence of Father Brown","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/the-innocence-of-father-brown/#the-innocence-of-father-brown-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-innocence-of-father-brown-q2","title":"The Innocence of Father Brown","text":"Has it never struck you that a man who does next to nothing but hear men’s real sins is not likely to be wholly unaware of human evil?","work":"The Innocence of Father Brown","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/the-innocence-of-father-brown/#the-innocence-of-father-brown-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-innocence-of-father-brown-q3","title":"The Innocence of Father Brown","text":"I caught him, with an unseen hook and an invisible line which is long enough to let him wander to the ends of the world, and still to bring him back with a twitch upon the thread.","work":"The Innocence of Father Brown","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/the-innocence-of-father-brown/#the-innocence-of-father-brown-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-innocence-of-father-brown-q4","title":"The Innocence of Father Brown","text":"Men may keep a sort of level of good, but no man has ever been able to keep on one level of evil. That road goes down and down.","work":"The Innocence of Father Brown","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/the-innocence-of-father-brown/#the-innocence-of-father-brown-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-innocence-of-father-brown-q5","title":"The Innocence of Father Brown","text":"Humility is the mother of giants. One sees great things from the valley; only small things from the peak.","work":"The Innocence of Father Brown","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/the-innocence-of-father-brown/#the-innocence-of-father-brown-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-innocence-of-father-brown-q6","title":"The Innocence of Father Brown","text":"Heights were made to be looked at, not to be looked from.","work":"The Innocence of Father Brown","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/the-innocence-of-father-brown/#the-innocence-of-father-brown-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-innocence-of-father-brown-q7","title":"The Innocence of Father Brown","text":"Where does a wise man hide a leaf? In the forest.","work":"The Innocence of Father Brown","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/the-innocence-of-father-brown/#the-innocence-of-father-brown-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-innocence-of-father-brown-q8","title":"The Innocence of Father Brown","text":"Even the most murderous blunders don’t poison life like sins","work":"The Innocence of Father Brown","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/the-innocence-of-father-brown/#the-innocence-of-father-brown-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"justinian-institutes-q1","title":"The Institutes of Justinian","text":"The imperial majesty should be armed with laws as well as glorified with arms","work":"The Institutes of Justinian","author":"Justinian I (Tribonian and commissioners)","url":"/works/justinian-institutes/#justinian-institutes-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"justinian-institutes-q2","title":"The Institutes of Justinian","text":"Justice is the set and constant purpose which gives to every man his due.","work":"The Institutes of Justinian","author":"Justinian I (Tribonian and commissioners)","url":"/works/justinian-institutes/#justinian-institutes-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"justinian-institutes-q3","title":"The Institutes of Justinian","text":"Jurisprudence is the knowledge of things divine and human, the science of the just and the unjust.","work":"The Institutes of Justinian","author":"Justinian I (Tribonian and commissioners)","url":"/works/justinian-institutes/#justinian-institutes-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"justinian-institutes-q4","title":"The Institutes of Justinian","text":"The precepts of the law are these: to live honestly, to injure no one, and to give every man his due.","work":"The Institutes of Justinian","author":"Justinian I (Tribonian and commissioners)","url":"/works/justinian-institutes/#justinian-institutes-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"justinian-institutes-q5","title":"The Institutes of Justinian","text":"for by the law of nature all men from the beginning were born free","work":"The Institutes of Justinian","author":"Justinian I (Tribonian and commissioners)","url":"/works/justinian-institutes/#justinian-institutes-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"justinian-institutes-q6","title":"The Institutes of Justinian","text":"But the laws of nature, which are observed by all nations alike, are established, as it were, by divine providence, and remain ever fixed and immutable","work":"The Institutes of Justinian","author":"Justinian I (Tribonian and commissioners)","url":"/works/justinian-institutes/#justinian-institutes-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"justinian-institutes-q7","title":"The Institutes of Justinian","text":"the following things are by natural law common to all--the air, running water, the sea, and consequently the seashore","work":"The Institutes of Justinian","author":"Justinian I (Tribonian and commissioners)","url":"/works/justinian-institutes/#justinian-institutes-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"justinian-institutes-q8","title":"The Institutes of Justinian","text":"if a surgeon operates on your slave, and then neglects altogether to attend to his cure, so that the slave dies in consequence, he is liable for his carelessness","work":"The Institutes of Justinian","author":"Justinian I (Tribonian and commissioners)","url":"/works/justinian-institutes/#justinian-institutes-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-interpretation-of-dreams-q1","title":"The Interpretation of Dreams","text":"I say to her: “If you still have pains, it is really only your own fault","work":"The Interpretation of Dreams","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/the-interpretation-of-dreams/#the-interpretation-of-dreams-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-interpretation-of-dreams-q2","title":"The Interpretation of Dreams","text":"I think that after all I must be overlooking some organic affection","work":"The Interpretation of Dreams","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/the-interpretation-of-dreams/#the-interpretation-of-dreams-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-interpretation-of-dreams-q3","title":"The Interpretation of Dreams","text":"the content of the dream is thus the fulfilment of a wish; its motive is a wish","work":"The Interpretation of Dreams","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/the-interpretation-of-dreams/#the-interpretation-of-dreams-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-interpretation-of-dreams-q4","title":"The Interpretation of Dreams","text":"What does the goose dream of","work":"The Interpretation of Dreams","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/the-interpretation-of-dreams/#the-interpretation-of-dreams-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-interpretation-of-dreams-q5","title":"The Interpretation of Dreams","text":"The dream is the (disguised) fulfilment of a (suppressed, repressed) wish","work":"The Interpretation of Dreams","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/the-interpretation-of-dreams/#the-interpretation-of-dreams-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-interpretation-of-dreams-q6","title":"The Interpretation of Dreams","text":"The dream is the guardian of sleep, not the disturber of it","work":"The Interpretation of Dreams","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/the-interpretation-of-dreams/#the-interpretation-of-dreams-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-interpretation-of-dreams-q7","title":"The Interpretation of Dreams","text":"King Oedipus, who has struck his father Laius dead and has married his mother Jocasta, is nothing but the realised wish of our childhood","work":"The Interpretation of Dreams","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/the-interpretation-of-dreams/#the-interpretation-of-dreams-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-interpretation-of-dreams-q8","title":"The Interpretation of Dreams","text":"Like Oedipus, we live in ignorance of the wishes that offend morality, wishes which nature has forced upon us","work":"The Interpretation of Dreams","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/the-interpretation-of-dreams/#the-interpretation-of-dreams-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-interpretation-of-dreams-q9","title":"The Interpretation of Dreams","text":"Hamlet can do everything but take vengeance upon the man who has put his father out of the way, and has taken his father’s place with his mother","work":"The Interpretation of Dreams","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/the-interpretation-of-dreams/#the-interpretation-of-dreams-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-interpretation-of-dreams-q10","title":"The Interpretation of Dreams","text":"Father, don’t you see that I am burning","work":"The Interpretation of Dreams","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/the-interpretation-of-dreams/#the-interpretation-of-dreams-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-interpretation-of-dreams-q11","title":"The Interpretation of Dreams","text":"The unconscious is the larger circle which includes within itself the smaller circle of the conscious","work":"The Interpretation of Dreams","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/the-interpretation-of-dreams/#the-interpretation-of-dreams-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-interpretation-of-dreams-q12","title":"The Interpretation of Dreams","text":"Properly speaking, the unconscious is the real psychic","work":"The Interpretation of Dreams","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/the-interpretation-of-dreams/#the-interpretation-of-dreams-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"journal-of-john-woolman-q1","title":"The Journal of John Woolman","text":"I have often felt a Motion of Love to leave some Hints in Writing of my Experience of the Goodness of God","work":"The Journal of John Woolman","author":"John Woolman","url":"/works/journal-of-john-woolman/#journal-of-john-woolman-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"journal-of-john-woolman-q2","title":"The Journal of John Woolman","text":"hath placed a Principle in the human Mind, which incites to exercise Goodness towards every living Creature","work":"The Journal of John Woolman","author":"John Woolman","url":"/works/journal-of-john-woolman/#journal-of-john-woolman-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"journal-of-john-woolman-q3","title":"The Journal of John Woolman","text":"I believed Slave-keeping to be a Practice inconsistent with the _Christian_ Religion","work":"The Journal of John Woolman","author":"John Woolman","url":"/works/journal-of-john-woolman/#journal-of-john-woolman-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"journal-of-john-woolman-q4","title":"The Journal of John Woolman","text":"I believed that Liberty was the natural Right of all Men equally","work":"The Journal of John Woolman","author":"John Woolman","url":"/works/journal-of-john-woolman/#journal-of-john-woolman-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"journal-of-john-woolman-q5","title":"The Journal of John Woolman","text":"Love was the first Motion, and thence a Concern arose to spend some Time with the _Indians_, that I might feel and understand their Life, and the Spirit they live in","work":"The Journal of John Woolman","author":"John Woolman","url":"/works/journal-of-john-woolman/#journal-of-john-woolman-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"journal-of-john-woolman-q6","title":"The Journal of John Woolman","text":"I love to feel where Words come from.","work":"The Journal of John Woolman","author":"John Woolman","url":"/works/journal-of-john-woolman/#journal-of-john-woolman-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"journal-of-john-woolman-q7","title":"The Journal of John Woolman","text":"O! that all may take Heed and beware of Covetousness! O that all may learn of Christ, who was meek and low of Heart!","work":"The Journal of John Woolman","author":"John Woolman","url":"/works/journal-of-john-woolman/#journal-of-john-woolman-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"journal-of-john-woolman-q8","title":"The Journal of John Woolman","text":"I believe my being here is in the Wisdom of Christ; I know not as to Life or Death.","work":"The Journal of John Woolman","author":"John Woolman","url":"/works/journal-of-john-woolman/#journal-of-john-woolman-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-journey-of-the-mind-into-god-q1","title":"The Journey of the Mind into God","text":"enlighten the eyes of our mind to guide our feet into the way of that peace \"which surpasses all understanding","work":"The Journey of the Mind into God","author":"Bonaventure","url":"/works/the-journey-of-the-mind-into-god/#the-journey-of-the-mind-into-god-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-jungle-book-q1","title":"The Jungle Book","text":"And what is a man that he should not run with his brothers?","work":"The Jungle Book","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/the-jungle-book/#the-jungle-book-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-jungle-book-q2","title":"The Jungle Book","text":"That is only tears such as men use","work":"The Jungle Book","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/the-jungle-book/#the-jungle-book-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-jungle-book-q3","title":"The Jungle Book","text":"We be of one blood, ye and I","work":"The Jungle Book","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/the-jungle-book/#the-jungle-book-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-jungle-book-q4","title":"The Jungle Book","text":"Look well, O Wolves. Have I kept my word?","work":"The Jungle Book","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/the-jungle-book/#the-jungle-book-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-jungle-book-q5","title":"The Jungle Book","text":"I am the only white seal that has ever been born on the beaches, and I am the only seal, black or white, who ever thought of looking for new islands.","work":"The Jungle Book","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/the-jungle-book/#the-jungle-book-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-jungle-book-q6","title":"The Jungle Book","text":"It is the hardest thing in the world to frighten a mongoose, because he is eaten up from nose to tail with curiosity.","work":"The Jungle Book","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/the-jungle-book/#the-jungle-book-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-jungle-book-q7","title":"The Jungle Book","text":"no man has ever seen the elephants dance","work":"The Jungle Book","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/the-jungle-book/#the-jungle-book-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-jungle-book-q8","title":"The Jungle Book","text":"If you don’t trust your man, you may as well run away at once.","work":"The Jungle Book","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/the-jungle-book/#the-jungle-book-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-last-battle-q1","title":"The Last Battle","text":"I have come home at last! This is my real country!","work":"The Last Battle","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-last-battle/#the-last-battle-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-last-battle-q2","title":"The Last Battle","text":"The term is over: the holidays have begun. The dream is ended: this is the morning.","work":"The Last Battle","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-last-battle/#the-last-battle-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-last-days-of-socrates-q1","title":"The Last Days of Socrates","text":"The point which I should first wish to understand is whether the pious or holy is beloved by the gods because it is holy, or holy because it is beloved of the gods.","work":"The Last Days of Socrates","author":"Plato","url":"/works/the-last-days-of-socrates/#the-last-days-of-socrates-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-last-days-of-socrates-q2","title":"The Last Days of Socrates","text":"the unexamined life is not worth living","work":"The Last Days of Socrates","author":"Plato","url":"/works/the-last-days-of-socrates/#the-last-days-of-socrates-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-last-days-of-socrates-q3","title":"The Last Days of Socrates","text":"The hour of departure has arrived, and we go our ways—I to die, and you to live. Which is better God only knows","work":"The Last Days of Socrates","author":"Plato","url":"/works/the-last-days-of-socrates/#the-last-days-of-socrates-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-last-days-of-socrates-q4","title":"The Last Days of Socrates","text":"Crito, I owe a cock to Asclepius; will you remember to pay the debt","work":"The Last Days of Socrates","author":"Plato","url":"/works/the-last-days-of-socrates/#the-last-days-of-socrates-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-last-days-of-socrates-q5","title":"The Last Days of Socrates","text":"Such was the end, Echecrates, of our friend; concerning whom I may truly say, that of all the men of his time whom I have known, he was the wisest and justest and best","work":"The Last Days of Socrates","author":"Plato","url":"/works/the-last-days-of-socrates/#the-last-days-of-socrates-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-last-of-the-mohicans-q1","title":"The Last of the Mohicans","text":"Where are the blossoms of those summers!—fallen, one by one; so all of my family departed, each in his turn, to the land of spirits. I am on the hilltop and must go down into the valley; and when Uncas follows in my footsteps there will no longer be any of the blood of the Sagamores, for my boy is the last of the Mohicans.","work":"The Last of the Mohicans","author":"James Fenimore Cooper","url":"/works/the-last-of-the-mohicans/#the-last-of-the-mohicans-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-last-of-the-mohicans-q2","title":"The Last of the Mohicans","text":"is it justice to make evil and then punish for it? Magua was not himself; it was the fire-water that spoke and acted for him!","work":"The Last of the Mohicans","author":"James Fenimore Cooper","url":"/works/the-last-of-the-mohicans/#the-last-of-the-mohicans-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-last-of-the-mohicans-q3","title":"The Last of the Mohicans","text":"The Indians never harm a non-composser.","work":"The Last of the Mohicans","author":"James Fenimore Cooper","url":"/works/the-last-of-the-mohicans/#the-last-of-the-mohicans-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-last-of-the-mohicans-q4","title":"The Last of the Mohicans","text":"I am thine; do with me as thou seest best!","work":"The Last of the Mohicans","author":"James Fenimore Cooper","url":"/works/the-last-of-the-mohicans/#the-last-of-the-mohicans-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-last-of-the-mohicans-q5","title":"The Last of the Mohicans","text":"Tell them, that the Being we all worship, under different names, will be mindful of their charity; and that the time shall not be distant when we may assemble around His throne without distinction of sex, or rank, or color.","work":"The Last of the Mohicans","author":"James Fenimore Cooper","url":"/works/the-last-of-the-mohicans/#the-last-of-the-mohicans-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-last-of-the-mohicans-q6","title":"The Last of the Mohicans","text":"The gifts of our colors may be different, but God has so placed us as to journey in the same path.","work":"The Last of the Mohicans","author":"James Fenimore Cooper","url":"/works/the-last-of-the-mohicans/#the-last-of-the-mohicans-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-last-of-the-mohicans-q7","title":"The Last of the Mohicans","text":"My day has been too long. In the morning I saw the sons of Unamis happy and strong; and yet, before the night has come, have I lived to see the last warrior of the wise race of the Mohicans.","work":"The Last of the Mohicans","author":"James Fenimore Cooper","url":"/works/the-last-of-the-mohicans/#the-last-of-the-mohicans-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"bastiat-the-law-q1","title":"The Law","text":"The law perverted!","work":"The Law","author":"Frédéric Bastiat","url":"/works/bastiat-the-law/#bastiat-the-law-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"bastiat-the-law-q2","title":"The Law","text":"Existence, faculties, assimilation--in other words, personality, liberty, property--this is man.","work":"The Law","author":"Frédéric Bastiat","url":"/works/bastiat-the-law/#bastiat-the-law-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"bastiat-the-law-q3","title":"The Law","text":"It is not because men have made laws, that personality, liberty, and property exist. On the contrary, it is because personality, liberty, and property exist beforehand, that men make laws.","work":"The Law","author":"Frédéric Bastiat","url":"/works/bastiat-the-law/#bastiat-the-law-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"bastiat-the-law-q4","title":"The Law","text":"it is the collective organization of the individual right to lawful defence.","work":"The Law","author":"Frédéric Bastiat","url":"/works/bastiat-the-law/#bastiat-the-law-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"bastiat-the-law-q5","title":"The Law","text":"See whether the law takes from some persons that which belongs to them, to give to others what does not belong to them.","work":"The Law","author":"Frédéric Bastiat","url":"/works/bastiat-the-law/#bastiat-the-law-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"bastiat-the-law-q6","title":"The Law","text":"the relations between mankind and the legislator appear to be the same as those which exist between the clay and the potter.","work":"The Law","author":"Frédéric Bastiat","url":"/works/bastiat-the-law/#bastiat-the-law-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"bastiat-the-law-q7","title":"The Law","text":"make trial of liberty--of liberty, which is an act of faith in God and in His work.","work":"The Law","author":"Frédéric Bastiat","url":"/works/bastiat-the-law/#bastiat-the-law-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"apollodorus-library-q1","title":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","text":"Sky was the first who ruled over the whole world.","work":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","author":"Apollodorus (attributed)","url":"/works/apollodorus-library/#apollodorus-library-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"apollodorus-library-q2","title":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","text":"Prometheus moulded men out of water and earth and gave them also fire, which, unknown to Zeus, he had hidden in a stalk of fennel.","work":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","author":"Apollodorus (attributed)","url":"/works/apollodorus-library/#apollodorus-library-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"apollodorus-library-q3","title":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","text":"being a seer and the first to devise the cure by means of drugs and purifications","work":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","author":"Apollodorus (attributed)","url":"/works/apollodorus-library/#apollodorus-library-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"apollodorus-library-q4","title":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","text":"The Pythian priestess then first called him Hercules, for hitherto he was called Alcides.","work":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","author":"Apollodorus (attributed)","url":"/works/apollodorus-library/#apollodorus-library-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"apollodorus-library-q5","title":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","text":"What is that which has one voice and yet becomes four-footed and two-footed and three-footed?","work":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","author":"Apollodorus (attributed)","url":"/works/apollodorus-library/#apollodorus-library-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"apollodorus-library-q6","title":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","text":"having become a surgeon, and carried the art to a great pitch, he not only prevented some from dying, but even raised up the dead","work":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","author":"Apollodorus (attributed)","url":"/works/apollodorus-library/#apollodorus-library-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"apollodorus-library-q7","title":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","text":"Zeus, fearing that men might acquire the healing art from him and so come to the rescue of each other, smote him with a thunderbolt.","work":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","author":"Apollodorus (attributed)","url":"/works/apollodorus-library/#apollodorus-library-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"apollodorus-library-q8","title":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","text":"he invented the construction of the Wooden Horse and suggested it to Epeus, who was an architect.","work":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","author":"Apollodorus (attributed)","url":"/works/apollodorus-library/#apollodorus-library-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"sterne-tristram-shandy-q1","title":"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman","text":"so long as a man rides his HOBBY-HORSE peaceably and quietly along the King’s highway, and neither compels you or me to get up behind him,—pray, Sir, what have either you or I to do with it?","work":"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman","author":"Laurence Sterne","url":"/works/sterne-tristram-shandy/#sterne-tristram-shandy-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"sterne-tristram-shandy-q2","title":"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman","text":"from an unhappy association of ideas, which have no connection in nature","work":"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman","author":"Laurence Sterne","url":"/works/sterne-tristram-shandy/#sterne-tristram-shandy-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"sterne-tristram-shandy-q3","title":"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman","text":"Digressions, incontestably, are the sunshine;——they are the life, the soul of reading!","work":"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman","author":"Laurence Sterne","url":"/works/sterne-tristram-shandy/#sterne-tristram-shandy-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"sterne-tristram-shandy-q4","title":"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman","text":"WRITING, when properly managed (as you may be sure I think mine is) is but a different name for conversation.","work":"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman","author":"Laurence Sterne","url":"/works/sterne-tristram-shandy/#sterne-tristram-shandy-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"sterne-tristram-shandy-q5","title":"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman","text":"This world surely is wide enough to hold both thee and me.","work":"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman","author":"Laurence Sterne","url":"/works/sterne-tristram-shandy/#sterne-tristram-shandy-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"sterne-tristram-shandy-q6","title":"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman","text":"The ACCUSING SPIRIT, which flew up to heaven’s chancery with the oath, blush’d as he gave it in;—and the RECORDING ANGEL, as he wrote it down, dropp’d a tear upon the word, and blotted it out for ever.","work":"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman","author":"Laurence Sterne","url":"/works/sterne-tristram-shandy/#sterne-tristram-shandy-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"sterne-tristram-shandy-q7","title":"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman","text":"Time wastes too fast: every letter I trace tells me with what rapidity Life follows my pen","work":"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman","author":"Laurence Sterne","url":"/works/sterne-tristram-shandy/#sterne-tristram-shandy-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"boswell-life-of-johnson-q1","title":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","text":"Is not a Patron, my Lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help?","work":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","author":"James Boswell","url":"/works/boswell-life-of-johnson/#boswell-life-of-johnson-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"boswell-life-of-johnson-q2","title":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","text":"Ignorance, madam, pure ignorance.","work":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","author":"James Boswell","url":"/works/boswell-life-of-johnson/#boswell-life-of-johnson-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"boswell-life-of-johnson-q3","title":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","text":"A man, Sir, should keep his friendship in constant repair.","work":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","author":"James Boswell","url":"/works/boswell-life-of-johnson/#boswell-life-of-johnson-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"boswell-life-of-johnson-q4","title":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","text":"That, Sir, I find, is what a very great many of your countrymen cannot help.","work":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","author":"James Boswell","url":"/works/boswell-life-of-johnson/#boswell-life-of-johnson-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"boswell-life-of-johnson-q5","title":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","text":"I refute it THUS.","work":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","author":"James Boswell","url":"/works/boswell-life-of-johnson/#boswell-life-of-johnson-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"boswell-life-of-johnson-q6","title":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","text":"So much so, Sir, that the whole of life is but keeping away the thoughts of it.","work":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","author":"James Boswell","url":"/works/boswell-life-of-johnson/#boswell-life-of-johnson-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"boswell-life-of-johnson-q7","title":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","text":"when a man is tired of London, he is tired of life; for there is in London all that life can afford.","work":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","author":"James Boswell","url":"/works/boswell-life-of-johnson/#boswell-life-of-johnson-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"boswell-life-of-johnson-q8","title":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","text":"My dear friend, clear your MIND of cant.","work":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","author":"James Boswell","url":"/works/boswell-life-of-johnson/#boswell-life-of-johnson-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus-q1","title":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","text":"I used to discuss with my brother how we could become martyrs.","work":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","author":"Teresa of Avila","url":"/works/life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus/#life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus-q2","title":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","text":"I remained there nearly a year, for three months of it suffering most cruel tortures--effects of the violent remedies which they applied.","work":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","author":"Teresa of Avila","url":"/works/life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus/#life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus-q3","title":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","text":"mental prayer is nothing else, in my opinion, but being on terms of friendship with God, frequently conversing in secret with Him Who, we know, loves us.","work":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","author":"Teresa of Avila","url":"/works/life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus/#life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus-q4","title":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","text":"It was a representation of Christ most grievously wounded; and so devotional, that the very sight of it, when I saw it, moved me--so well did it show forth that which He suffered for us.","work":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","author":"Teresa of Avila","url":"/works/life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus/#life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus-q5","title":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","text":"It seems to me that the garden may be watered in four ways: by water taken out of a well, which is very laborious;","work":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","author":"Teresa of Avila","url":"/works/life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus/#life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus-q6","title":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","text":"All things fail; but Thou, Lord of all, never failest!","work":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","author":"Teresa of Avila","url":"/works/life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus/#life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus-q7","title":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","text":"I am really much more afraid of those people who have so great a fear of the devil, than I am of the devil himself.","work":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","author":"Teresa of Avila","url":"/works/life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus/#life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus-q8","title":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","text":"The soul is satisfied now with nothing less than God.","work":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","author":"Teresa of Avila","url":"/works/life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus/#life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"lincoln-douglas-debates-q1","title":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","text":"Why can it not exist on the same principles on which our fathers made it?","work":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","author":"Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas","url":"/works/lincoln-douglas-debates/#lincoln-douglas-debates-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"lincoln-douglas-debates-q2","title":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","text":"I hate it because of the monstrous injustice of slavery itself.","work":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","author":"Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas","url":"/works/lincoln-douglas-debates/#lincoln-douglas-debates-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"lincoln-douglas-debates-q3","title":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","text":"In this and like communities, public sentiment is everything. With public sentiment, nothing can fail ; without it nothing can succeed. Consequently he who moulds public sentiment, goes deeper than he who enacts statutes or pronounces decisions.","work":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","author":"Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas","url":"/works/lincoln-douglas-debates/#lincoln-douglas-debates-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"lincoln-douglas-debates-q4","title":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","text":"Can the people of a United States Territory, in any lawful way, against the wish of any citizen of the United States, exclude slavery from its limits prior to the formation of a State Constitution ?","work":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","author":"Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas","url":"/works/lincoln-douglas-debates/#lincoln-douglas-debates-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"lincoln-douglas-debates-q5","title":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","text":"It matters not what way the Supreme Court may hereafter decide as to the abstract question whether slavery may or may not go into a Territory under the Constitution, the people have the lawful means to introduce it or exclude it as they please, for the reason that slavery cannot exist a day or an hour anywhere, unless it is supported by local police regulations.","work":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","author":"Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas","url":"/works/lincoln-douglas-debates/#lincoln-douglas-debates-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"lincoln-douglas-debates-q6","title":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","text":"Whenever the great principle of self-government — the right of the people to make their own Constitution, and come into the Union with slavery or without it, as they see proper, shall again arise, you will find me standing firm in defense of that principle, and fighting whoever fights it.","work":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","author":"Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas","url":"/works/lincoln-douglas-debates/#lincoln-douglas-debates-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"lincoln-douglas-debates-q7","title":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","text":"I then said, I have often repeated, and now again assert, that in my opinion our Government can endure forever, divided into free and slave States as our fathers made it, — each State having the right to prohibit, abolish or sustain slavery, just as it pleases.","work":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","author":"Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas","url":"/works/lincoln-douglas-debates/#lincoln-douglas-debates-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"lincoln-douglas-debates-q8","title":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","text":"That is the real issue. That is the issue that will continue in this country when these poor tongues of Judge Douglas and myself shall be silent.","work":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","author":"Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas","url":"/works/lincoln-douglas-debates/#lincoln-douglas-debates-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe-q1","title":"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe","text":"'Course he isn't safe. But he's good. He's the King, I tell you.","work":"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe/#the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe-q2","title":"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe","text":"Once a King or Queen in Narnia, always a King or Queen.","work":"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe/#the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-little-house-q1","title":"The Little House","text":"Once upon a time there was a Little House way out in the country. She was a pretty Little House and she was strong and well built.","work":"The Little House","author":"Virginia Lee Burton","url":"/works/the-little-house/#the-little-house-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-little-prince-q1","title":"The Little Prince","text":"It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye.","work":"The Little Prince","author":"Antoine de Saint-Exupéry","url":"/works/the-little-prince/#the-little-prince-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"walton-lives-q1","title":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","text":"it was the Odes of Horace,--he being then like humble and innocent Abel, tending his small allotment of sheep in a common field","work":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","author":"Izaak Walton","url":"/works/walton-lives/#walton-lives-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"walton-lives-q2","title":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","text":"The forenoon Sermon spake Canterbury; and the afternoon Geneva.","work":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","author":"Izaak Walton","url":"/works/walton-lives/#walton-lives-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"walton-lives-q3","title":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","text":"I have lived to see this world is made up of perturbations","work":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","author":"Izaak Walton","url":"/works/walton-lives/#walton-lives-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"walton-lives-q4","title":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","text":"Lord, abate my great affliction, or increase my patience: but Lord, I repine not","work":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","author":"Izaak Walton","url":"/works/walton-lives/#walton-lives-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"walton-lives-q5","title":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","text":"they would let their plough rest when Mr. Herbert's Saint's-bell rung to prayers","work":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","author":"Izaak Walton","url":"/works/walton-lives/#walton-lives-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"walton-lives-q6","title":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","text":"the thought of what he had done would prove music to him at midnight","work":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","author":"Izaak Walton","url":"/works/walton-lives/#walton-lives-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"walton-lives-q7","title":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","text":"a picture of the many spiritual conflicts that have passed betwixt God and my soul, before I could subject mine to the will of Jesus my Master: in whose service I have now found perfect freedom.","work":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","author":"Izaak Walton","url":"/works/walton-lives/#walton-lives-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"walton-lives-q8","title":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","text":"that the best Sermons that were ever read, were never preached.","work":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","author":"Izaak Walton","url":"/works/walton-lives/#walton-lives-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"popper-the-logic-of-scientific-discovery-q1","title":"The Logic of Scientific Discovery","text":"it must be possible for an empirical scientific system to be refuted by experience.","work":"The Logic of Scientific Discovery","author":"Karl Popper","url":"/works/popper-the-logic-of-scientific-discovery/#popper-the-logic-of-scientific-discovery-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"popper-the-logic-of-scientific-discovery-q2","title":"The Logic of Scientific Discovery","text":"Science does not rest upon solid bedrock. The bold structure of its theories rises, as it were, above a swamp.","work":"The Logic of Scientific Discovery","author":"Karl Popper","url":"/works/popper-the-logic-of-scientific-discovery/#popper-the-logic-of-scientific-discovery-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-lord-of-the-rings-q1","title":"The Lord of the Rings","text":"All we have to decide is what to do with the time that is given us.","work":"The Lord of the Rings","author":"J. R. R. Tolkien","url":"/works/the-lord-of-the-rings/#the-lord-of-the-rings-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-lord-of-the-rings-q2","title":"The Lord of the Rings","text":"All that is gold does not glitter, / Not all those who wander are lost","work":"The Lord of the Rings","author":"J. R. R. Tolkien","url":"/works/the-lord-of-the-rings/#the-lord-of-the-rings-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-mabinogion-q1","title":"The Mabinogion","text":"he who will be chief, let him be a bridge.","work":"The Mabinogion","author":"Anonymous (Middle Welsh)","url":"/works/the-mabinogion/#the-mabinogion-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-mabinogion-q2","title":"The Mabinogion","text":"O maiden, for the sake of him whom thou best lovest, stay for me.","work":"The Mabinogion","author":"Anonymous (Middle Welsh)","url":"/works/the-mabinogion/#the-mabinogion-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-mabinogion-q3","title":"The Mabinogion","text":"woe is me that I was ever born; two islands have been destroyed because of me!","work":"The Mabinogion","author":"Anonymous (Middle Welsh)","url":"/works/the-mabinogion/#the-mabinogion-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-mabinogion-q4","title":"The Mabinogion","text":"the head will be to you as pleasant company as it ever was when on my body.","work":"The Mabinogion","author":"Anonymous (Middle Welsh)","url":"/works/the-mabinogion/#the-mabinogion-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-mabinogion-q5","title":"The Mabinogion","text":"More yellow was her head than the flower of the broom, and her skin was whiter than the foam of the wave","work":"The Mabinogion","author":"Anonymous (Middle Welsh)","url":"/works/the-mabinogion/#the-mabinogion-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-mabinogion-q6","title":"The Mabinogion","text":"Four white trefoils sprung up wherever she trod. And therefore was she called Olwen.","work":"The Mabinogion","author":"Anonymous (Middle Welsh)","url":"/works/the-mabinogion/#the-mabinogion-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-mabinogion-q7","title":"The Mabinogion","text":"So they took the blossoms of the oak, and the blossoms of the broom, and the blossoms of the meadow-sweet, and produced from them a maiden, the fairest and most graceful that man ever saw.","work":"The Mabinogion","author":"Anonymous (Middle Welsh)","url":"/works/the-mabinogion/#the-mabinogion-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-mabinogion-q8","title":"The Mabinogion","text":"Although I am but little, I am highly gifted.","work":"The Mabinogion","author":"Anonymous (Middle Welsh)","url":"/works/the-mabinogion/#the-mabinogion-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-magicians-nephew-q1","title":"The Magician's Nephew","text":"Make your choice, adventurous Stranger; Strike the bell and bide the danger, Or wonder, till it drives you mad, What would have followed if you had.","work":"The Magician's Nephew","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-magicians-nephew/#the-magicians-nephew-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-magicians-nephew-q2","title":"The Magician's Nephew","text":"Creatures, I give you yourselves","work":"The Magician's Nephew","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-magicians-nephew/#the-magicians-nephew-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"mayflower-compact-q1","title":"The Mayflower Compact","text":"IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN.","work":"The Mayflower Compact","author":"The Mayflower Pilgrims","url":"/works/mayflower-compact/#mayflower-compact-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"mayflower-compact-q2","title":"The Mayflower Compact","text":"Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a Voyage to plant the first Colony in the northern Parts of Virginia","work":"The Mayflower Compact","author":"The Mayflower Pilgrims","url":"/works/mayflower-compact/#mayflower-compact-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"mayflower-compact-q3","title":"The Mayflower Compact","text":"solemnly and mutually, in the Presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation","work":"The Mayflower Compact","author":"The Mayflower Pilgrims","url":"/works/mayflower-compact/#mayflower-compact-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"mayflower-compact-q4","title":"The Mayflower Compact","text":"such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Officers, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience.","work":"The Mayflower Compact","author":"The Mayflower Pilgrims","url":"/works/mayflower-compact/#mayflower-compact-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-merchant-of-venice-q1","title":"The Merchant of Venice","text":"In sooth I know not why I am so sad","work":"The Merchant of Venice","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-merchant-of-venice/#the-merchant-of-venice-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-merchant-of-venice-q2","title":"The Merchant of Venice","text":"The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose.","work":"The Merchant of Venice","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-merchant-of-venice/#the-merchant-of-venice-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-merchant-of-venice-q3","title":"The Merchant of Venice","text":"All that glisters is not gold","work":"The Merchant of Venice","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-merchant-of-venice/#the-merchant-of-venice-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-merchant-of-venice-q4","title":"The Merchant of Venice","text":"Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions?","work":"The Merchant of Venice","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-merchant-of-venice/#the-merchant-of-venice-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-merchant-of-venice-q5","title":"The Merchant of Venice","text":"If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall we not revenge?","work":"The Merchant of Venice","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-merchant-of-venice/#the-merchant-of-venice-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-merchant-of-venice-q6","title":"The Merchant of Venice","text":"The quality of mercy is not strain’d, It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath.","work":"The Merchant of Venice","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-merchant-of-venice/#the-merchant-of-venice-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-merchant-of-venice-q7","title":"The Merchant of Venice","text":"It is an attribute to God himself; And earthly power doth then show likest God’s When mercy seasons justice.","work":"The Merchant of Venice","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-merchant-of-venice/#the-merchant-of-venice-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-merchant-of-venice-q8","title":"The Merchant of Venice","text":"How far that little candle throws his beams! So shines a good deed in a naughty world.","work":"The Merchant of Venice","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-merchant-of-venice/#the-merchant-of-venice-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-merry-adventures-of-robin-hood-q1","title":"The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood","text":"IN MERRY ENGLAND in the time of old, when good King Henry the Second ruled the land, there lived within the green glades of Sherwood Forest, near Nottingham Town, a famous outlaw whose name was Robin Hood.","work":"The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood","author":"Howard Pyle","url":"/works/the-merry-adventures-of-robin-hood/#the-merry-adventures-of-robin-hood-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-merry-adventures-of-robin-hood-q2","title":"The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood","text":"No archer ever lived that could speed a gray goose shaft with such skill and cunning as his","work":"The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood","author":"Howard Pyle","url":"/works/the-merry-adventures-of-robin-hood/#the-merry-adventures-of-robin-hood-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-metaphysical-poets-q1","title":"The Metaphysical Poets","text":"Mark but this flea, and mark in this, / How little that which thou deniest me is","work":"The Metaphysical Poets","author":"Various (ed. Helen Gardner)","url":"/works/the-metaphysical-poets/#the-metaphysical-poets-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-metaphysical-poets-q2","title":"The Metaphysical Poets","text":"As virtuous men pass mildly away, / And whisper to their souls to go","work":"The Metaphysical Poets","author":"Various (ed. Helen Gardner)","url":"/works/the-metaphysical-poets/#the-metaphysical-poets-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-metaphysical-poets-q3","title":"The Metaphysical Poets","text":"Death, be not proud, though some have called thee / Mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so","work":"The Metaphysical Poets","author":"Various (ed. Helen Gardner)","url":"/works/the-metaphysical-poets/#the-metaphysical-poets-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-metaphysical-poets-q4","title":"The Metaphysical Poets","text":"Love bade me welcome: yet my soul drew back, / Guilty of dust and sin.","work":"The Metaphysical Poets","author":"Various (ed. Helen Gardner)","url":"/works/the-metaphysical-poets/#the-metaphysical-poets-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-metaphysical-poets-q5","title":"The Metaphysical Poets","text":"I struck the board, and cried, 'No more; / I will abroad!'","work":"The Metaphysical Poets","author":"Various (ed. Helen Gardner)","url":"/works/the-metaphysical-poets/#the-metaphysical-poets-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-metaphysical-poets-q6","title":"The Metaphysical Poets","text":"They are all gone into the world of light","work":"The Metaphysical Poets","author":"Various (ed. Helen Gardner)","url":"/works/the-metaphysical-poets/#the-metaphysical-poets-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-metaphysical-poets-q7","title":"The Metaphysical Poets","text":"Had we but world enough, and time, / This coyness, lady, were no crime.","work":"The Metaphysical Poets","author":"Various (ed. Helen Gardner)","url":"/works/the-metaphysical-poets/#the-metaphysical-poets-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-metaphysical-poets-q8","title":"The Metaphysical Poets","text":"But at my back I always hear / Time's wingèd chariot hurrying near","work":"The Metaphysical Poets","author":"Various (ed. Helen Gardner)","url":"/works/the-metaphysical-poets/#the-metaphysical-poets-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"archimedes-the-method-q1","title":"The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics)","text":"it is easier to establish a proof if one has in this way previously obtained a conception of the questions, than for him to seek it without such a preliminary notion.","work":"The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics)","author":"Archimedes","url":"/works/archimedes-the-method/#archimedes-the-method-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"archimedes-the-method-q2","title":"The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics)","text":"I assume that some one among the investigators of to-day or in the future will discover by the method here set forth still other propositions which have not yet occurred to us.","work":"The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics)","author":"Archimedes","url":"/works/archimedes-the-method/#archimedes-the-method-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"archimedes-the-method-q3","title":"The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics)","text":"no little credit is due to Democritos who was the first to make that statement about these bodies without any demonstration.","work":"The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics)","author":"Archimedes","url":"/works/archimedes-the-method/#archimedes-the-method-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"archimedes-the-method-q4","title":"The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics)","text":"It is true that this is not proved by what we have said here; but it indicates that the result is correct.","work":"The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics)","author":"Archimedes","url":"/works/archimedes-the-method/#archimedes-the-method-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"archimedes-the-method-q5","title":"The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics)","text":"it occurred to me that the surface of a sphere is four times as great as its largest circle","work":"The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics)","author":"Archimedes","url":"/works/archimedes-the-method/#archimedes-the-method-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"archimedes-the-method-q6","title":"The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics)","text":"Archimedes was primarily a discoverer, and not primarily a compiler as were Euclid, Apollonios, and Nicomachos.","work":"The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics)","author":"Archimedes","url":"/works/archimedes-the-method/#archimedes-the-method-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"lakatos-the-methodology-of-scientific-research-programmes-q1","title":"The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes","text":"The negative heuristic of the programme forbids us to direct the modus tollens at this 'hard core'.","work":"The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes","author":"Imre Lakatos","url":"/works/lakatos-the-methodology-of-scientific-research-programmes/#lakatos-the-methodology-of-scientific-research-programmes-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"lakatos-the-methodology-of-scientific-research-programmes-q2","title":"The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes","text":"All theories, in this sense, are born refuted and die refuted.","work":"The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes","author":"Imre Lakatos","url":"/works/lakatos-the-methodology-of-scientific-research-programmes/#lakatos-the-methodology-of-scientific-research-programmes-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-moffats-q1","title":"The Moffats","text":"The way Mama could peel apples!","work":"The Moffats","author":"Eleanor Estes","url":"/works/the-moffats/#the-moffats-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"monroe-doctrine-q1","title":"The Monroe Doctrine","text":"The people being with us exclusively the sovereign, it is indispensable that full information be laid before them on all important subjects","work":"The Monroe Doctrine","author":"James Monroe","url":"/works/monroe-doctrine/#monroe-doctrine-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"monroe-doctrine-q2","title":"The Monroe Doctrine","text":"the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.","work":"The Monroe Doctrine","author":"James Monroe","url":"/works/monroe-doctrine/#monroe-doctrine-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"monroe-doctrine-q3","title":"The Monroe Doctrine","text":"In the wars of the European powers in matters relating to themselves we have never taken any part, nor does it comport with our policy so to do.","work":"The Monroe Doctrine","author":"James Monroe","url":"/works/monroe-doctrine/#monroe-doctrine-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"monroe-doctrine-q4","title":"The Monroe Doctrine","text":"We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety.","work":"The Monroe Doctrine","author":"James Monroe","url":"/works/monroe-doctrine/#monroe-doctrine-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"monroe-doctrine-q5","title":"The Monroe Doctrine","text":"With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere","work":"The Monroe Doctrine","author":"James Monroe","url":"/works/monroe-doctrine/#monroe-doctrine-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-moonstone-q1","title":"The Moonstone","text":"The Moonstone will have its vengeance yet on you and yours!","work":"The Moonstone","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-moonstone/#the-moonstone-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-moonstone-q2","title":"The Moonstone","text":"When my spirits are bad—_Robinson Crusoe_. When I want advice—_Robinson Crusoe_.","work":"The Moonstone","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-moonstone/#the-moonstone-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-moonstone-q3","title":"The Moonstone","text":"In all my experience along the dirtiest ways of this dirty little world, I have never met with such a thing as a trifle yet.","work":"The Moonstone","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-moonstone/#the-moonstone-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-moonstone-q4","title":"The Moonstone","text":"If there is such a thing known at the doctor’s shop as a _detective-fever_, that disease had now got fast hold of your humble servant.","work":"The Moonstone","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-moonstone/#the-moonstone-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-moonstone-q5","title":"The Moonstone","text":"Rose late, after a dreadful night; the vengeance of yesterday’s opium, pursuing me through a series of frightful dreams.","work":"The Moonstone","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-moonstone/#the-moonstone-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-moonstone-q6","title":"The Moonstone","text":"So the years pass, and repeat each other; so the same events revolve in the cycles of time. What will be the next adventures of the Moonstone? Who can tell?","work":"The Moonstone","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-moonstone/#the-moonstone-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-murder-on-the-links-q1","title":"The Murder on the Links","text":"“Order” and “Method” were his gods.","work":"The Murder on the Links","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-murder-on-the-links/#the-murder-on-the-links-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-murder-on-the-links-q2","title":"The Murder on the Links","text":"At last you have seen the detective you admire—the human foxhound!","work":"The Murder on the Links","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-murder-on-the-links/#the-murder-on-the-links-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-murder-on-the-links-q3","title":"The Murder on the Links","text":"There is such a thing as the individual touch.","work":"The Murder on the Links","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-murder-on-the-links/#the-murder-on-the-links-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-murder-on-the-links-q4","title":"The Murder on the Links","text":"Man is an unoriginal animal.","work":"The Murder on the Links","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-murder-on-the-links/#the-murder-on-the-links-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-murder-on-the-links-q5","title":"The Murder on the Links","text":"So have all of us, at one time and another","work":"The Murder on the Links","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-murder-on-the-links/#the-murder-on-the-links-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-murder-on-the-links-q6","title":"The Murder on the Links","text":"You are your mother’s son as well as your father’s.","work":"The Murder on the Links","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-murder-on-the-links/#the-murder-on-the-links-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-murder-on-the-links-q7","title":"The Murder on the Links","text":"your love for each other has been tested in the fire and not found wanting.","work":"The Murder on the Links","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-murder-on-the-links/#the-murder-on-the-links-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-mysterious-affair-at-styles-q1","title":"The Mysterious Affair at Styles","text":"The intense interest aroused in the public by what was known at the time as “The Styles Case” has now somewhat subsided.","work":"The Mysterious Affair at Styles","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-mysterious-affair-at-styles/#the-mysterious-affair-at-styles-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-mysterious-affair-at-styles-q2","title":"The Mysterious Affair at Styles","text":"Poirot was an extraordinary looking little man. He was hardly more than five feet, four inches, but carried himself with great dignity. His head was exactly the shape of an egg, and he always perched it a little on one side.","work":"The Mysterious Affair at Styles","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-mysterious-affair-at-styles/#the-mysterious-affair-at-styles-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-mysterious-affair-at-styles-q3","title":"The Mysterious Affair at Styles","text":"Alfred—Alfred——","work":"The Mysterious Affair at Styles","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-mysterious-affair-at-styles/#the-mysterious-affair-at-styles-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-mysterious-affair-at-styles-q4","title":"The Mysterious Affair at Styles","text":"Everything must be taken into account. If the fact will not fit the theory—let the theory go.","work":"The Mysterious Affair at Styles","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-mysterious-affair-at-styles/#the-mysterious-affair-at-styles-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-mysterious-affair-at-styles-q5","title":"The Mysterious Affair at Styles","text":"Instinct is a marvellous thing,” mused Poirot. “It can neither be explained nor ignored.","work":"The Mysterious Affair at Styles","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-mysterious-affair-at-styles/#the-mysterious-affair-at-styles-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-mysterious-affair-at-styles-q6","title":"The Mysterious Affair at Styles","text":"This affair must all be unravelled from within.” He tapped his forehead. “These little grey cells.","work":"The Mysterious Affair at Styles","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-mysterious-affair-at-styles/#the-mysterious-affair-at-styles-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-mysterious-affair-at-styles-q7","title":"The Mysterious Affair at Styles","text":"The happiness of one man and one woman is the greatest thing in all the world.","work":"The Mysterious Affair at Styles","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-mysterious-affair-at-styles/#the-mysterious-affair-at-styles-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-narrative-of-arthur-gordon-pym-of-nantucket-q1","title":"The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket","text":"My name is Arthur Gordon Pym","work":"The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/the-narrative-of-arthur-gordon-pym-of-nantucket/#the-narrative-of-arthur-gordon-pym-of-nantucket-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity-q1","title":"The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson","text":"as He wounded me with one hand, so he healed me with the other.","work":"The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson","author":"Mary Rowlandson","url":"/works/rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity/#rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity-q2","title":"The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson","text":"Philip spake to me to make a shirt for his boy, which I did, for which he gave me a shilling.","work":"The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson","author":"Mary Rowlandson","url":"/works/rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity/#rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity-q3","title":"The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson","text":"my Bible; which was my guide by day, and my pillow by night.","work":"The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson","author":"Mary Rowlandson","url":"/works/rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity/#rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity-q4","title":"The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson","text":"I have seen the extreme vanity of this world: One hour I have been in health, and wealthy, wanting nothing. But the next hour in sickness and wounds, and death, having nothing but sorrow and affliction.","work":"The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson","author":"Mary Rowlandson","url":"/works/rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity/#rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity-q5","title":"The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson","text":"Affliction I wanted, and affliction I had, full measure (I thought), pressed down and running over.","work":"The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson","author":"Mary Rowlandson","url":"/works/rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity/#rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity-q6","title":"The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson","text":"I have learned to look beyond present and smaller troubles, and to be quieted under them.","work":"The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson","author":"Mary Rowlandson","url":"/works/rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity/#rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-natural-history-of-selborne-q1","title":"The Natural History of Selborne","text":"The parish of Selborne lies in the extreme eastern corner of the county of Hampshire, bordering on the county of Sussex, and not far from the county of Surrey","work":"The Natural History of Selborne","author":"Gilbert White","url":"/works/the-natural-history-of-selborne/#the-natural-history-of-selborne-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-natural-history-of-selborne-q2","title":"The Natural History of Selborne","text":"all nature is so full, that that district produces the greatest variety which is the most examined","work":"The Natural History of Selborne","author":"Gilbert White","url":"/works/the-natural-history-of-selborne/#the-natural-history-of-selborne-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-natural-history-of-selborne-q3","title":"The Natural History of Selborne","text":"I suppose they are the smallest quadrupeds in this island","work":"The Natural History of Selborne","author":"Gilbert White","url":"/works/the-natural-history-of-selborne/#the-natural-history-of-selborne-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-natural-history-of-selborne-q4","title":"The Natural History of Selborne","text":"Earth-worms, though in appearance a small and despicable link in the chain of nature, yet, if lost, would make a lamentable chasm","work":"The Natural History of Selborne","author":"Gilbert White","url":"/works/the-natural-history-of-selborne/#the-natural-history-of-selborne-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-natural-history-of-selborne-q5","title":"The Natural History of Selborne","text":"Thus not only ‘the ox knoweth his owner, and the ass has master’s crib,’* but the most abject reptile and torpid of beings distinguishes the hand that feeds it, and is touched with the feelings of gratitude","work":"The Natural History of Selborne","author":"Gilbert White","url":"/works/the-natural-history-of-selborne/#the-natural-history-of-selborne-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-natural-history-of-selborne-q6","title":"The Natural History of Selborne","text":"it is a matter of wonder to find that Providence should bestow such a profusion of days, such a seeming waste of longevity, on a reptile that appears to relish it so little as to squander more than two-thirds of its existence in a joyless stupor","work":"The Natural History of Selborne","author":"Gilbert White","url":"/works/the-natural-history-of-selborne/#the-natural-history-of-selborne-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-natural-history-of-selborne-q7","title":"The Natural History of Selborne","text":"No two birds can differ more in their notes, and that constancy, than those two that I am acquainted with; for the one has a joyous, easy, laughing note; the other a harsh loud chirp","work":"The Natural History of Selborne","author":"Gilbert White","url":"/works/the-natural-history-of-selborne/#the-natural-history-of-selborne-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"newburgh-address-q1","title":"The Newburgh Address","text":"I was among the first who embarked in the cause of our common Country","work":"The Newburgh Address","author":"George Washington","url":"/works/newburgh-address/#newburgh-address-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"newburgh-address-q2","title":"The Newburgh Address","text":"My God! What can this Writer have in view, by recommending such measures? Can he be a friend to the Army? Can he be a friend to this Country? Rather, is he not an insidious Foe?","work":"The Newburgh Address","author":"George Washington","url":"/works/newburgh-address/#newburgh-address-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"newburgh-address-q3","title":"The Newburgh Address","text":"reason is of no use to us—the freedom of Speech may be taken away—and, dumb & silent we may be led, like sheep, to the Slaughter.","work":"The Newburgh Address","author":"George Washington","url":"/works/newburgh-address/#newburgh-address-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"newburgh-address-q4","title":"The Newburgh Address","text":"express your utmost horror & detestation of the Man who wishes, under any specious pretences, to overturn the liberties of our Country, & who wickedly attempts to open the flood Gates of Civil discord, & deluge our rising Empire in Blood.","work":"The Newburgh Address","author":"George Washington","url":"/works/newburgh-address/#newburgh-address-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"newburgh-address-q5","title":"The Newburgh Address","text":"had this day been wanting, the World had never seen the last stage of perfection to which human nature is capable of attaining.","work":"The Newburgh Address","author":"George Washington","url":"/works/newburgh-address/#newburgh-address-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-nicomachean-ethics-q1","title":"The Nicomachean Ethics","text":"for as it is not one swallow or one fine day that makes a spring, so it is not one day or a short time that makes a man blessed and happy","work":"The Nicomachean Ethics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/the-nicomachean-ethics/#the-nicomachean-ethics-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-odyssey-q1","title":"The Odyssey","text":"Tell me, O Muse, of that ingenious hero who travelled far and wide after he had sacked the famous town of Troy","work":"The Odyssey","author":"Homer","url":"/works/the-odyssey/#the-odyssey-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-odyssey-q2","title":"The Odyssey","text":"my name is Noman","work":"The Odyssey","author":"Homer","url":"/works/the-odyssey/#the-odyssey-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-odyssey-q3","title":"The Odyssey","text":"Hold your peace, my good fellow, and do not be so foolish as to provoke this savage creature further.","work":"The Odyssey","author":"Homer","url":"/works/the-odyssey/#the-odyssey-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"tocqueville-old-regime-q1","title":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","text":"they used its ruins as materials for the construction of their new society.","work":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","author":"Alexis de Tocqueville","url":"/works/tocqueville-old-regime/#tocqueville-old-regime-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"tocqueville-old-regime-q2","title":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","text":"On the other hand, liberty alone can combat the vices which are natural to this class of societies, and arrest their downward progress.","work":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","author":"Alexis de Tocqueville","url":"/works/tocqueville-old-regime/#tocqueville-old-regime-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"tocqueville-old-regime-q3","title":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","text":"it created, far above particular nationalities, an intellectual country that was common to all, and in which every human creature could obtain rights of citizenship.","work":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","author":"Alexis de Tocqueville","url":"/works/tocqueville-old-regime/#tocqueville-old-regime-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"tocqueville-old-regime-q4","title":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","text":"whence it would follow that their yoke was the most intolerable where it was in fact lightest.","work":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","author":"Alexis de Tocqueville","url":"/works/tocqueville-old-regime/#tocqueville-old-regime-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"tocqueville-old-regime-q5","title":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","text":"Let me tell you that this kingdom of France is governed by thirty intendants.","work":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","author":"Alexis de Tocqueville","url":"/works/tocqueville-old-regime/#tocqueville-old-regime-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"tocqueville-old-regime-q6","title":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","text":"They took no part in public business, as English authors did; on the contrary, they had never lived so much out of the world.","work":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","author":"Alexis de Tocqueville","url":"/works/tocqueville-old-regime/#tocqueville-old-regime-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"tocqueville-old-regime-q7","title":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","text":"if the pain be less, the patient's sensibility is greater.","work":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","author":"Alexis de Tocqueville","url":"/works/tocqueville-old-regime/#tocqueville-old-regime-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"tocqueville-old-regime-q8","title":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","text":"Never had the feudal system seemed so hateful to the French as at the moment of its proximate destruction.","work":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","author":"Alexis de Tocqueville","url":"/works/tocqueville-old-regime/#tocqueville-old-regime-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"popper-the-open-society-and-its-enemies-q1","title":"The Open Society and Its Enemies","text":"Unlimited tolerance must lead to the disappearance of tolerance.","work":"The Open Society and Its Enemies","author":"Karl Popper","url":"/works/popper-the-open-society-and-its-enemies/#popper-the-open-society-and-its-enemies-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"popper-the-open-society-and-its-enemies-q2","title":"The Open Society and Its Enemies","text":"if we wish to remain human, then there is only one way, the way into the open society.","work":"The Open Society and Its Enemies","author":"Karl Popper","url":"/works/popper-the-open-society-and-its-enemies/#popper-the-open-society-and-its-enemies-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-oresteia-q1","title":"The Oresteia","text":"Men shall learn wisdom, by affliction schooled","work":"The Oresteia","author":"Aeschylus","url":"/works/the-oresteia/#the-oresteia-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"arendt-the-origins-of-totalitarianism-q1","title":"The Origins of Totalitarianism","text":"a right to have rights","work":"The Origins of Totalitarianism","author":"Hannah Arendt","url":"/works/arendt-the-origins-of-totalitarianism/#arendt-the-origins-of-totalitarianism-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"arendt-the-origins-of-totalitarianism-q2","title":"The Origins of Totalitarianism","text":"Beginning, before it becomes a historical event, is the supreme capacity of man; politically, it is identical with man's freedom.","work":"The Origins of Totalitarianism","author":"Hannah Arendt","url":"/works/arendt-the-origins-of-totalitarianism/#arendt-the-origins-of-totalitarianism-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-pearl-q1","title":"The Pearl","text":"In the town they tell the story of the great pearl—how it was found and how it was lost again.","work":"The Pearl","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/the-pearl/#the-pearl-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-pearl-q2","title":"The Pearl","text":"If this story is a parable, perhaps everyone takes his own meaning from it and reads his own life into it.","work":"The Pearl","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/the-pearl/#the-pearl-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-persian-expedition-q1","title":"The Persian Expedition","text":"I see the man","work":"The Persian Expedition","author":"Xenophon","url":"/works/the-persian-expedition/#the-persian-expedition-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-persian-expedition-q2","title":"The Persian Expedition","text":"This, according to the statement of Ctesias the surgeon, who further states that he himself healed the wound.","work":"The Persian Expedition","author":"Xenophon","url":"/works/the-persian-expedition/#the-persian-expedition-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-persian-expedition-q3","title":"The Persian Expedition","text":"what he sought after insatiably was wealth. Rule he sought after only as a stepping-stone to larger spoils","work":"The Persian Expedition","author":"Xenophon","url":"/works/the-persian-expedition/#the-persian-expedition-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-persian-expedition-q4","title":"The Persian Expedition","text":"As soon as he was fully awake, the first clear thought which came into his head was, Why am I lying here","work":"The Persian Expedition","author":"Xenophon","url":"/works/the-persian-expedition/#the-persian-expedition-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-persian-expedition-q5","title":"The Persian Expedition","text":"appointed eight surgeons to attend to the many wounded","work":"The Persian Expedition","author":"Xenophon","url":"/works/the-persian-expedition/#the-persian-expedition-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-persian-expedition-q6","title":"The Persian Expedition","text":"many of the men were afflicted with \"boulimia\" (or hunger-faintness","work":"The Persian Expedition","author":"Xenophon","url":"/works/the-persian-expedition/#the-persian-expedition-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-persian-expedition-q7","title":"The Persian Expedition","text":"disabled soldiers, struck down with snow-blindness or with toes mortified by frostbite","work":"The Persian Expedition","author":"Xenophon","url":"/works/the-persian-expedition/#the-persian-expedition-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-persian-expedition-q8","title":"The Persian Expedition","text":"Presently they could hear the soldiers shouting and passing on the joyful word, \"The sea! the sea","work":"The Persian Expedition","author":"Xenophon","url":"/works/the-persian-expedition/#the-persian-expedition-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-persian-expedition-q9","title":"The Persian Expedition","text":"A small dose produced a condition not unlike violent drunkenness, a large one an attack very like a fit of madness, and some dropped down, apparently at death's door","work":"The Persian Expedition","author":"Xenophon","url":"/works/the-persian-expedition/#the-persian-expedition-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-persian-expedition-q10","title":"The Persian Expedition","text":"on the third or fourth day got on their legs again like convalescents after a severe course of medical treatment","work":"The Persian Expedition","author":"Xenophon","url":"/works/the-persian-expedition/#the-persian-expedition-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-persian-expedition-q11","title":"The Persian Expedition","text":"by the same token we shall all one day be dead, but that is no reason why meantime we should all be buried alive","work":"The Persian Expedition","author":"Xenophon","url":"/works/the-persian-expedition/#the-persian-expedition-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-persian-expedition-q12","title":"The Persian Expedition","text":"sitting down and keeping quiet helped the blood to freeze and the toes to mortify","work":"The Persian Expedition","author":"Xenophon","url":"/works/the-persian-expedition/#the-persian-expedition-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-phantom-of-the-opera-q1","title":"The Phantom of the Opera","text":"The Opera ghost really existed.","work":"The Phantom of the Opera","author":"Gaston Leroux","url":"/works/the-phantom-of-the-opera/#the-phantom-of-the-opera-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-phantom-of-the-opera-q2","title":"The Phantom of the Opera","text":"His eyes are so deep that you can hardly see the fixed pupils. You just see two big black holes, as in a dead man's skull.","work":"The Phantom of the Opera","author":"Gaston Leroux","url":"/works/the-phantom-of-the-opera/#the-phantom-of-the-opera-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-phantom-of-the-opera-q3","title":"The Phantom of the Opera","text":"every great musician, every great artist received a visit from the Angel at least once in his life.","work":"The Phantom of the Opera","author":"Gaston Leroux","url":"/works/the-phantom-of-the-opera/#the-phantom-of-the-opera-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-phantom-of-the-opera-q4","title":"The Phantom of the Opera","text":"Don't touch me! I am Red Death stalking abroad!","work":"The Phantom of the Opera","author":"Gaston Leroux","url":"/works/the-phantom-of-the-opera/#the-phantom-of-the-opera-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-phantom-of-the-opera-q5","title":"The Phantom of the Opera","text":"know that I am built up of death from head to foot and that it is a corpse that loves you and adores you and will never, never leave you!","work":"The Phantom of the Opera","author":"Gaston Leroux","url":"/works/the-phantom-of-the-opera/#the-phantom-of-the-opera-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-phantom-of-the-opera-q6","title":"The Phantom of the Opera","text":"I want to have a wife like everybody else and to take her out on Sundays.","work":"The Phantom of the Opera","author":"Gaston Leroux","url":"/works/the-phantom-of-the-opera/#the-phantom-of-the-opera-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-phantom-of-the-opera-q7","title":"The Phantom of the Opera","text":"Then Christine kissed me, for the first time, herself, here, on the forehead","work":"The Phantom of the Opera","author":"Gaston Leroux","url":"/works/the-phantom-of-the-opera/#the-phantom-of-the-opera-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-phantom-tollbooth-q1","title":"The Phantom Tollbooth","text":"For Milo, who has plenty of time.","work":"The Phantom Tollbooth","author":"Norton Juster","url":"/works/the-phantom-tollbooth/#the-phantom-tollbooth-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-phantom-tollbooth-q2","title":"The Phantom Tollbooth","text":"For Milo, who now knows the way.","work":"The Phantom Tollbooth","author":"Norton Juster","url":"/works/the-phantom-tollbooth/#the-phantom-tollbooth-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-picture-of-dorian-gray-q1","title":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","text":"There is no such thing as a moral or an immoral book. Books are well written, or badly written. That is all.","work":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","author":"Oscar Wilde","url":"/works/the-picture-of-dorian-gray/#the-picture-of-dorian-gray-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-picture-of-dorian-gray-q2","title":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","text":"every portrait that is painted with feeling is a portrait of the artist, not of the sitter.","work":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","author":"Oscar Wilde","url":"/works/the-picture-of-dorian-gray/#the-picture-of-dorian-gray-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-picture-of-dorian-gray-q3","title":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","text":"If it were I who was to be always young, and the picture that was to grow old! For that—for that—I would give everything!","work":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","author":"Oscar Wilde","url":"/works/the-picture-of-dorian-gray/#the-picture-of-dorian-gray-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-picture-of-dorian-gray-q4","title":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","text":"The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it.","work":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","author":"Oscar Wilde","url":"/works/the-picture-of-dorian-gray/#the-picture-of-dorian-gray-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-picture-of-dorian-gray-q5","title":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","text":"Each of us has heaven and hell in him, Basil,","work":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","author":"Oscar Wilde","url":"/works/the-picture-of-dorian-gray/#the-picture-of-dorian-gray-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-picture-of-dorian-gray-q6","title":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","text":"The prayer of your pride has been answered. The prayer of your repentance will be answered also.","work":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","author":"Oscar Wilde","url":"/works/the-picture-of-dorian-gray/#the-picture-of-dorian-gray-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-picture-of-dorian-gray-q7","title":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","text":"what does it profit a man if he gain the whole world and lose—how does the quotation run?—his own soul","work":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","author":"Oscar Wilde","url":"/works/the-picture-of-dorian-gray/#the-picture-of-dorian-gray-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-picture-of-dorian-gray-q8","title":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","text":"It had been like conscience to him. Yes, it had been conscience. He would destroy it.","work":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","author":"Oscar Wilde","url":"/works/the-picture-of-dorian-gray/#the-picture-of-dorian-gray-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-pilgrims-progress-q1","title":"The Pilgrim's Progress","text":"As I walked through the wilderness of this world, I lighted on a certain place where was a Den, and I laid me down in that place to sleep: and, as I slept, I dreamed a dream.","work":"The Pilgrim's Progress","author":"John Bunyan","url":"/works/the-pilgrims-progress/#the-pilgrims-progress-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-pilgrims-progress-q2","title":"The Pilgrim's Progress","text":"I dreamed, and behold, I saw a man clothed with rags, standing in a certain place, with his face from his own house, a book in his hand, and a great burden upon his back.","work":"The Pilgrim's Progress","author":"John Bunyan","url":"/works/the-pilgrims-progress/#the-pilgrims-progress-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"camus-the-plague-q1","title":"The Plague","text":"there's no question of heroism in all this. It's a matter of common decency.","work":"The Plague","author":"Albert Camus","url":"/works/camus-the-plague/#camus-the-plague-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"camus-the-plague-q2","title":"The Plague","text":"what we learn in time of pestilence: that there are more things to admire in men than to despise.","work":"The Plague","author":"Albert Camus","url":"/works/camus-the-plague/#camus-the-plague-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"poetic-edda-q1","title":"The Poetic Edda","text":"Hearing I ask | from the holy races, From Heimdall’s sons, | both high and low;","work":"The Poetic Edda","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/poetic-edda/#poetic-edda-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"poetic-edda-q2","title":"The Poetic Edda","text":"An ash I know, | Yggdrasil its name, With water white | is the great tree wet;","work":"The Poetic Edda","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/poetic-edda/#poetic-edda-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"poetic-edda-q3","title":"The Poetic Edda","text":"Axe-time, sword-time, | shields are sundered, Wind-time, wolf-time, | ere the world falls;","work":"The Poetic Edda","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/poetic-edda/#poetic-edda-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"poetic-edda-q4","title":"The Poetic Edda","text":"Now do I see | the earth anew Rise all green | from the waves again;","work":"The Poetic Edda","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/poetic-edda/#poetic-edda-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"poetic-edda-q5","title":"The Poetic Edda","text":"Less good there lies | than most believe In ale for mortal men; For the more he drinks | the less does man Of his mind the mastery hold.","work":"The Poetic Edda","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/poetic-edda/#poetic-edda-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"poetic-edda-q6","title":"The Poetic Edda","text":"The lame rides a horse, | the handless is herdsman, The deaf in battle is bold; The blind man is better | than one that is burned, No good can come of a corpse.","work":"The Poetic Edda","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/poetic-edda/#poetic-edda-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"poetic-edda-q7","title":"The Poetic Edda","text":"Cattle die, | and kinsmen die, And so one dies one’s self; But a noble name | will never die, If good renown one gets.","work":"The Poetic Edda","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/poetic-edda/#poetic-edda-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"poetic-edda-q8","title":"The Poetic Edda","text":"I ween that I hung | on the windy tree, Hung there for nights full nine; With the spear I was wounded, | and offered I was To Othin, myself to myself,","work":"The Poetic Edda","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/poetic-edda/#poetic-edda-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"popol-vuh-q1","title":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","text":"The \"Popol Vuh\" is the New World's richest mythological mine.","work":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","author":"Anonymous (K'iche' Maya); Lewis Spence","url":"/works/popol-vuh/#popol-vuh-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"popol-vuh-q2","title":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","text":"The name \"Popol Vuh\" signifies \"Record of the Community,\" and its literal translation is \"Book of the Mat,\"","work":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","author":"Anonymous (K'iche' Maya); Lewis Spence","url":"/works/popol-vuh/#popol-vuh-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"popol-vuh-q3","title":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","text":"Over a universe wrapped in the gloom of a dense and primeval night passed the god Hurakan, the mighty wind. He called out \"earth,\" and the solid land appeared.","work":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","author":"Anonymous (K'iche' Maya); Lewis Spence","url":"/works/popol-vuh/#popol-vuh-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"popol-vuh-q4","title":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","text":"They climbed to the roofs of the houses, but the houses crumbled under their feet; they tried to mount to the tops of the trees, but the trees hurled them from them; they sought refuge in the caverns, but the caverns closed before them.","work":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","author":"Anonymous (K'iche' Maya); Lewis Spence","url":"/works/popol-vuh/#popol-vuh-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"popol-vuh-q5","title":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","text":"Before their departure they each planted a cane in the middle of the house, which was to acquaint those they left behind with their welfare, since it would wither if any fatal circumstance befel them.","work":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","author":"Anonymous (K'iche' Maya); Lewis Spence","url":"/works/popol-vuh/#popol-vuh-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"popol-vuh-q6","title":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","text":"These young men were busied at Xibalba with paying fitting funeral honours to their father and uncle, who now mounted to heaven and became the sun and moon, whilst the four hundred youths slain by Zipacna became the stars.","work":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","author":"Anonymous (K'iche' Maya); Lewis Spence","url":"/works/popol-vuh/#popol-vuh-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"popol-vuh-q7","title":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","text":"The Creator and Former made four perfect men. These beings were wholly created from yellow and white maize.","work":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","author":"Anonymous (K'iche' Maya); Lewis Spence","url":"/works/popol-vuh/#popol-vuh-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"popol-vuh-q8","title":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","text":"These men were too perfect. They knew overmuch.","work":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","author":"Anonymous (K'iche' Maya); Lewis Spence","url":"/works/popol-vuh/#popol-vuh-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"practice-of-the-presence-of-god-q1","title":"The Practice of the Presence of God","text":"in the noise and clatter of my kitchen, while several persons are at the same time calling for different things, I possess GOD in as great tranquility as if I were upon my knees at the blessed sacrament.","work":"The Practice of the Presence of God","author":"Brother Lawrence","url":"/works/practice-of-the-presence-of-god/#practice-of-the-presence-of-god-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"practice-of-the-presence-of-god-q2","title":"The Practice of the Presence of God","text":"he was pleased when he could take up a straw from the ground for the love of GOD, seeking Him only, and nothing else, not even His gifts.","work":"The Practice of the Presence of God","author":"Brother Lawrence","url":"/works/practice-of-the-presence-of-god/#practice-of-the-presence-of-god-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"practice-of-the-presence-of-god-q3","title":"The Practice of the Presence of God","text":"we ought not to be weary of doing little things for the love of GOD, who regards not the greatness of the work, but the love with which it is performed.","work":"The Practice of the Presence of God","author":"Brother Lawrence","url":"/works/practice-of-the-presence-of-god/#practice-of-the-presence-of-god-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"practice-of-the-presence-of-god-q4","title":"The Practice of the Presence of God","text":"A little lifting up of the heart suffices.","work":"The Practice of the Presence of God","author":"Brother Lawrence","url":"/works/practice-of-the-presence-of-god/#practice-of-the-presence-of-god-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"practice-of-the-presence-of-god-q5","title":"The Practice of the Presence of God","text":"we may make an oratory of our heart wherein to retire from time to time to converse with Him in meekness, humility and love.","work":"The Practice of the Presence of God","author":"Brother Lawrence","url":"/works/practice-of-the-presence-of-god/#practice-of-the-presence-of-god-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"practice-of-the-presence-of-god-q6","title":"The Practice of the Presence of God","text":"Hold yourself in prayer before GOD, like a dumb or paralytic beggar at a rich man's gate.","work":"The Practice of the Presence of God","author":"Brother Lawrence","url":"/works/practice-of-the-presence-of-god/#practice-of-the-presence-of-god-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"practice-of-the-presence-of-god-q7","title":"The Practice of the Presence of God","text":"One does not become holy all at once.","work":"The Practice of the Presence of God","author":"Brother Lawrence","url":"/works/practice-of-the-presence-of-god/#practice-of-the-presence-of-god-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"practice-of-the-presence-of-god-q8","title":"The Practice of the Presence of God","text":"We must _know_ before we can _love_.","work":"The Practice of the Presence of God","author":"Brother Lawrence","url":"/works/practice-of-the-presence-of-god/#practice-of-the-presence-of-god-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-q1","title":"The Prince","text":"men ought either to be well treated or crushed, because they can avenge themselves of lighter injuries, of more serious ones they cannot","work":"The Prince","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-prince/#the-prince-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-q2","title":"The Prince","text":"as the physicians say it happens in hectic fever, that in the beginning of the malady it is easy to cure but difficult to detect, but in the course of time, not having been either detected or treated in the beginning, it becomes easy to detect but difficult to cure","work":"The Prince","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-prince/#the-prince-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-q3","title":"The Prince","text":"For injuries ought to be done all at one time, so that, being tasted less, they offend less; benefits ought to be given little by little, so that the flavour of them may last longer","work":"The Prince","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-prince/#the-prince-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-q4","title":"The Prince","text":"how one lives is so far distant from how one ought to live, that he who neglects what is done for what ought to be done, sooner effects his ruin than his preservation","work":"The Prince","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-prince/#the-prince-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-q5","title":"The Prince","text":"Hence it is necessary for a prince wishing to hold his own to know how to do wrong, and to make use of it or not according to necessity","work":"The Prince","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-prince/#the-prince-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-q6","title":"The Prince","text":"it is much safer to be feared than loved, when, of the two, either must be dispensed with","work":"The Prince","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-prince/#the-prince-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-q7","title":"The Prince","text":"men more quickly forget the death of their father than the loss of their patrimony","work":"The Prince","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-prince/#the-prince-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-q8","title":"The Prince","text":"it is necessary to be a fox to discover the snares and a lion to terrify the wolves","work":"The Prince","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-prince/#the-prince-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-q9","title":"The Prince","text":"men judge generally more by the eye than by the hand, because it belongs to everybody to see you, to few to come in touch with you","work":"The Prince","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-prince/#the-prince-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-q10","title":"The Prince","text":"Fortune is the arbiter of one-half of our actions, but that she still leaves us to direct the other half, or perhaps a little less","work":"The Prince","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-prince/#the-prince-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-q11","title":"The Prince","text":"fortune is a woman, and if you wish to keep her under it is necessary to beat and ill-use her","work":"The Prince","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-prince/#the-prince-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-q12","title":"The Prince","text":"Italy, left as without life, waits for him who shall yet heal her wounds","work":"The Prince","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-prince/#the-prince-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-and-the-pauper-q1","title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"It may have happened, it may not have happened: but it COULD have happened.","work":"The Prince and the Pauper","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-prince-and-the-pauper/#the-prince-and-the-pauper-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-and-the-pauper-q2","title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"Thou hast the same hair, the same eyes, the same voice and manner, the same form and stature, the same face and countenance that I bear.","work":"The Prince and the Pauper","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-prince-and-the-pauper/#the-prince-and-the-pauper-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-and-the-pauper-q3","title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"And so I am become a knight of the Kingdom of Dreams and Shadows!","work":"The Prince and the Pauper","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-prince-and-the-pauper/#the-prince-and-the-pauper-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-and-the-pauper-q4","title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"Then how doth one know there was poison given at all?","work":"The Prince and the Pauper","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-prince-and-the-pauper/#the-prince-and-the-pauper-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-and-the-pauper-q5","title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"it was crime to be hungry in England","work":"The Prince and the Pauper","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-prince-and-the-pauper/#the-prince-and-the-pauper-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-and-the-pauper-q6","title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"The world is made wrong; kings should go to school to their own laws, at times, and so learn mercy.","work":"The Prince and the Pauper","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-prince-and-the-pauper/#the-prince-and-the-pauper-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-and-the-pauper-q7","title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"Let him go--I will take his lashes.","work":"The Prince and the Pauper","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-prince-and-the-pauper/#the-prince-and-the-pauper-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-prince-and-the-pauper-q8","title":"The Prince and the Pauper","text":"The reign of Edward VI. was a singularly merciful one for those harsh times.","work":"The Prince and the Pauper","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-prince-and-the-pauper/#the-prince-and-the-pauper-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-princess-and-curdie-q1","title":"The Princess and Curdie","text":"the road to the next duty is the only straight one","work":"The Princess and Curdie","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-princess-and-curdie/#the-princess-and-curdie-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-princess-and-curdie-q2","title":"The Princess and Curdie","text":"There is this difference between the growth of some human beings and that of others: in the one case it is a continuous dying, in the other a continuous resurrection.","work":"The Princess and Curdie","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-princess-and-curdie/#the-princess-and-curdie-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-princess-and-curdie-q3","title":"The Princess and Curdie","text":"The child is not meant to die, but to be forever fresh born.","work":"The Princess and Curdie","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-princess-and-curdie/#the-princess-and-curdie-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-princess-and-curdie-q4","title":"The Princess and Curdie","text":"Remember, then, that whoever does not mean good is always in danger of harm.","work":"The Princess and Curdie","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-princess-and-curdie/#the-princess-and-curdie-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-princess-and-curdie-q5","title":"The Princess and Curdie","text":"Do better, and grow better, and be better.","work":"The Princess and Curdie","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-princess-and-curdie/#the-princess-and-curdie-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-princess-and-curdie-q6","title":"The Princess and Curdie","text":"Shapes are only dresses, Curdie, and dresses are only names.","work":"The Princess and Curdie","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-princess-and-curdie/#the-princess-and-curdie-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-princess-and-curdie-q7","title":"The Princess and Curdie","text":"It is greed and laziness and selfishness, not hunger or weariness or cold, that take the dignity out of a man, and make him look mean.","work":"The Princess and Curdie","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-princess-and-curdie/#the-princess-and-curdie-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-princess-and-curdie-q8","title":"The Princess and Curdie","text":"The nation was victorious, but the people were conquered.","work":"The Princess and Curdie","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-princess-and-curdie/#the-princess-and-curdie-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-princess-and-the-goblin-q1","title":"The Princess and the Goblin","text":"There was once a little princess whose father was king over a great country full of mountains and valleys.","work":"The Princess and the Goblin","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-princess-and-the-goblin/#the-princess-and-the-goblin-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-princess-and-the-goblin-q2","title":"The Princess and the Goblin","text":"When the old lady had got her thread fairly going again, she said to the princess, but without looking at her: 'Do you know my name, child?'","work":"The Princess and the Goblin","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-princess-and-the-goblin/#the-princess-and-the-goblin-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-princess-and-the-goblin-q3","title":"The Princess and the Goblin","text":"'I follow the thread,' she would answer--'just as you do in the mine.'","work":"The Princess and the Goblin","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-princess-and-the-goblin/#the-princess-and-the-goblin-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-principles-of-psychology-q1","title":"The Principles of Psychology","text":"Psychology is the Science of Mental Life, both of its phenomena and of their conditions","work":"The Principles of Psychology","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-principles-of-psychology/#the-principles-of-psychology-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-principles-of-psychology-q2","title":"The Principles of Psychology","text":"Habit is thus the enormous fly-wheel of society, its most precious conservative agent","work":"The Principles of Psychology","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-principles-of-psychology/#the-principles-of-psychology-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-principles-of-psychology-q3","title":"The Principles of Psychology","text":"Could the young but realize how soon they will become mere walking bundles of habits, they would give more heed to their conduct while in the plastic state","work":"The Principles of Psychology","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-principles-of-psychology/#the-principles-of-psychology-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-principles-of-psychology-q4","title":"The Principles of Psychology","text":"Every smallest stroke of virtue or of vice leaves its never so little scar","work":"The Principles of Psychology","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-principles-of-psychology/#the-principles-of-psychology-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-principles-of-psychology-q5","title":"The Principles of Psychology","text":"An hysterical woman abandons part of her consciousness because she is too weak nervously to hold it together","work":"The Principles of Psychology","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-principles-of-psychology/#the-principles-of-psychology-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-principles-of-psychology-q6","title":"The Principles of Psychology","text":"It is nothing jointed; it flows. A 'river' or a 'stream' are the metaphors by which it is most naturally described","work":"The Principles of Psychology","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-principles-of-psychology/#the-principles-of-psychology-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-principles-of-psychology-q7","title":"The Principles of Psychology","text":"a man has as many social selves as there are individuals who recognize him_ and carry an image of him in their mind","work":"The Principles of Psychology","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-principles-of-psychology/#the-principles-of-psychology-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-principles-of-psychology-q8","title":"The Principles of Psychology","text":"Every one knows what attention is. It is the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought","work":"The Principles of Psychology","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-principles-of-psychology/#the-principles-of-psychology-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-principles-of-psychology-q9","title":"The Principles of Psychology","text":"My experience is what I agree to attend to","work":"The Principles of Psychology","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-principles-of-psychology/#the-principles-of-psychology-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-principles-of-psychology-q10","title":"The Principles of Psychology","text":"The baby, assailed by eyes, ears, nose, skin, and entrails at once, feels it all as one great blooming, buzzing confusion","work":"The Principles of Psychology","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-principles-of-psychology/#the-principles-of-psychology-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"russell-problems-of-philosophy-q1","title":"The Problems of Philosophy","text":"Is there any knowledge in the world which is so certain that no reasonable man could doubt it?","work":"The Problems of Philosophy","author":"Bertrand Russell","url":"/works/russell-problems-of-philosophy/#russell-problems-of-philosophy-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"russell-problems-of-philosophy-q2","title":"The Problems of Philosophy","text":"And we know that even from a given point of view the colour will seem different by artificial light, or to a colour-blind man, or to a man wearing blue spectacles","work":"The Problems of Philosophy","author":"Bertrand Russell","url":"/works/russell-problems-of-philosophy/#russell-problems-of-philosophy-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"russell-problems-of-philosophy-q3","title":"The Problems of Philosophy","text":"questions which increase the interest of the world, and show the strangeness and wonder lying just below the surface even in the commonest things of daily life.","work":"The Problems of Philosophy","author":"Bertrand Russell","url":"/works/russell-problems-of-philosophy/#russell-problems-of-philosophy-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"russell-problems-of-philosophy-q4","title":"The Problems of Philosophy","text":"The man who has fed the chicken every day throughout its life at last wrings its neck instead, showing that more refined views as to the uniformity of nature would have been useful to the chicken.","work":"The Problems of Philosophy","author":"Bertrand Russell","url":"/works/russell-problems-of-philosophy/#russell-problems-of-philosophy-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"russell-problems-of-philosophy-q5","title":"The Problems of Philosophy","text":"The value of philosophy is, in fact, to be sought largely in its very uncertainty.","work":"The Problems of Philosophy","author":"Bertrand Russell","url":"/works/russell-problems-of-philosophy/#russell-problems-of-philosophy-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"russell-problems-of-philosophy-q6","title":"The Problems of Philosophy","text":"The man who has no tincture of philosophy goes through life imprisoned in the prejudices derived from common sense, from the habitual beliefs of his age or his nation, and from convictions which have grown up in his mind without the co-operation or consent of his deliberate reason.","work":"The Problems of Philosophy","author":"Bertrand Russell","url":"/works/russell-problems-of-philosophy/#russell-problems-of-philosophy-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"russell-problems-of-philosophy-q7","title":"The Problems of Philosophy","text":"Philosophy is to be studied, not for the sake of any definite answers to its questions, since no definite answers can, as a rule, be known to be true, but rather for the sake of the questions themselves","work":"The Problems of Philosophy","author":"Bertrand Russell","url":"/works/russell-problems-of-philosophy/#russell-problems-of-philosophy-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"prose-edda-q1","title":"The Prose Edda","text":"The greatest of all is this: that he made man, and gave him the spirit, which shall live and never perish, though the flesh-frame rot to mould, or burn to ashes","work":"The Prose Edda","author":"Snorri Sturluson","url":"/works/prose-edda/#prose-edda-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"prose-edda-q2","title":"The Prose Edda","text":"Erst was the age when nothing was: Nor sand nor sea, nor chilling stream-waves; Earth was not found, nor Ether-Heaven, — A Yawning Gap, but grass was none.","work":"The Prose Edda","author":"Snorri Sturluson","url":"/works/prose-edda/#prose-edda-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"prose-edda-q3","title":"The Prose Edda","text":"It is a proverb, that he is Tyr-valiant, who surpasses other men and does not waver.","work":"The Prose Edda","author":"Snorri Sturluson","url":"/works/prose-edda/#prose-edda-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"prose-edda-q4","title":"The Prose Edda","text":"There grows a tree-sprout alone westward of Valhall: it is called Mistletoe; I thought it too young to ask the oath of.","work":"The Prose Edda","author":"Snorri Sturluson","url":"/works/prose-edda/#prose-edda-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"prose-edda-q5","title":"The Prose Edda","text":"the shaft flew through Baldr, and he fell dead to the earth; and that was the greatest mischance that has ever befallen among gods and men.","work":"The Prose Edda","author":"Snorri Sturluson","url":"/works/prose-edda/#prose-edda-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"prose-edda-q6","title":"The Prose Edda","text":"lo, he stood out of doors on a level plain, and saw no hall there and no castle.","work":"The Prose Edda","author":"Snorri Sturluson","url":"/works/prose-edda/#prose-edda-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"prose-edda-q7","title":"The Prose Edda","text":"This man is called Kvasir, and he was so wise that none could question him concerning anything but that he knew the solution.","work":"The Prose Edda","author":"Snorri Sturluson","url":"/works/prose-edda/#prose-edda-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"weber-the-protestant-ethic-and-the-spirit-of-capitalism-q1","title":"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism","text":"The Puritan wanted to work in a calling; we are forced to do so.","work":"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism","author":"Max Weber","url":"/works/weber-the-protestant-ethic-and-the-spirit-of-capitalism/#weber-the-protestant-ethic-and-the-spirit-of-capitalism-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"weber-the-protestant-ethic-and-the-spirit-of-capitalism-q2","title":"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism","text":"But fate decreed that the cloak should become an iron cage.","work":"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism","author":"Max Weber","url":"/works/weber-the-protestant-ethic-and-the-spirit-of-capitalism/#weber-the-protestant-ethic-and-the-spirit-of-capitalism-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"lawrence-the-prussian-officer-q1","title":"The Prussian Officer and Other Stories","text":"They had marched more than thirty kilometres since dawn, along the white, hot road where occasional thickets of trees threw a moment of shade, then out into the glare again.","work":"The Prussian Officer and Other Stories","author":"D. H. Lawrence","url":"/works/lawrence-the-prussian-officer/#lawrence-the-prussian-officer-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"lawrence-the-prussian-officer-q2","title":"The Prussian Officer and Other Stories","text":"The doctors saw the bruises on his legs, behind, and were silent.","work":"The Prussian Officer and Other Stories","author":"D. H. Lawrence","url":"/works/lawrence-the-prussian-officer/#lawrence-the-prussian-officer-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"lawrence-the-prussian-officer-q3","title":"The Prussian Officer and Other Stories","text":"The bodies of the two men lay together, side by side, in the mortuary, the one white and slender, but laid rigidly at rest, the other looking as if every moment it must rouse into life again, so young and unused, from a slumber.","work":"The Prussian Officer and Other Stories","author":"D. H. Lawrence","url":"/works/lawrence-the-prussian-officer/#lawrence-the-prussian-officer-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"lawrence-the-prussian-officer-q4","title":"The Prussian Officer and Other Stories","text":"If it gets about as he’s out of his mind, they’ll stop his compensation, I know they will.","work":"The Prussian Officer and Other Stories","author":"D. H. Lawrence","url":"/works/lawrence-the-prussian-officer/#lawrence-the-prussian-officer-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"lawrence-the-prussian-officer-q5","title":"The Prussian Officer and Other Stories","text":"It was chrysanthemums when I married him, and chrysanthemums when you were born, and the first time they ever brought him home drunk, he’d got brown chrysanthemums in his button-hole.","work":"The Prussian Officer and Other Stories","author":"D. H. Lawrence","url":"/works/lawrence-the-prussian-officer/#lawrence-the-prussian-officer-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"lawrence-the-prussian-officer-q6","title":"The Prussian Officer and Other Stories","text":"She was grateful to death, which restored the truth.","work":"The Prussian Officer and Other Stories","author":"D. H. Lawrence","url":"/works/lawrence-the-prussian-officer/#lawrence-the-prussian-officer-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"lawrence-the-prussian-officer-q7","title":"The Prussian Officer and Other Stories","text":"She knew she submitted to life, which was her immediate master. But from death, her ultimate master, she winced with fear and shame.","work":"The Prussian Officer and Other Stories","author":"D. H. Lawrence","url":"/works/lawrence-the-prussian-officer/#lawrence-the-prussian-officer-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-railway-children-q1","title":"The Railway Children","text":"They were not railway children to begin with.","work":"The Railway Children","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/the-railway-children/#the-railway-children-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-railway-children-q2","title":"The Railway Children","text":"Dears, when you say your prayers, I think you might ask God to show His pity upon all prisoners and captives.","work":"The Railway Children","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/the-railway-children/#the-railway-children-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-railway-children-q3","title":"The Railway Children","text":"How lucky we DID put on our red flannel petticoats!","work":"The Railway Children","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/the-railway-children/#the-railway-children-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-railway-children-q4","title":"The Railway Children","text":"But charity's what I never did abide","work":"The Railway Children","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/the-railway-children/#the-railway-children-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-railway-children-q5","title":"The Railway Children","text":"We two must help each other to be brave.","work":"The Railway Children","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/the-railway-children/#the-railway-children-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-railway-children-q6","title":"The Railway Children","text":"Oh, what useful things flannel petticoats are!","work":"The Railway Children","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/the-railway-children/#the-railway-children-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-railway-children-q7","title":"The Railway Children","text":"Take our love to Father!","work":"The Railway Children","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/the-railway-children/#the-railway-children-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-railway-children-q8","title":"The Railway Children","text":"Oh! my Daddy, my Daddy!","work":"The Railway Children","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/the-railway-children/#the-railway-children-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"ramayana-q1","title":"The Ramayana","text":"With equal lines of even feet, With rhythm and time and tone complete, The measured form of words I spoke In shock of grief be termed a śloke.","work":"The Ramayana","author":"Valmiki","url":"/works/ramayana/#ramayana-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"ramayana-q2","title":"The Ramayana","text":"So would a thousand seasons flee Like one sweet day, if spent with thee.","work":"The Ramayana","author":"Valmiki","url":"/works/ramayana/#ramayana-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"ramayana-q3","title":"The Ramayana","text":"The moon his beauty may forgo, The cold forsake the Hills of Snow, And Ocean o’er his banks may sweep, But I my father’s word will keep.","work":"The Ramayana","author":"Valmiki","url":"/works/ramayana/#ramayana-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"ramayana-q4","title":"The Ramayana","text":"Dream not that wealth and power can sway My heart from duty’s path to stray. Linked like the Day-God and his shine, I am my lord’s and he is mine.","work":"The Ramayana","author":"Valmiki","url":"/works/ramayana/#ramayana-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"ramayana-q5","title":"The Ramayana","text":"The suppliant will I ne’er forsake, Nor my protecting aid refuse When one in name of friendship sues. Though faults and folly blot his fame, Pity and help he still may claim.","work":"The Ramayana","author":"Valmiki","url":"/works/ramayana/#ramayana-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"ramayana-q6","title":"The Ramayana","text":"Then the great bridge of wondrous strength Was built, a hundred leagues in length.","work":"The Ramayana","author":"Valmiki","url":"/works/ramayana/#ramayana-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"ramayana-q7","title":"The Ramayana","text":"Four plants, of sovereign powers possessed, Spring from the soil, and flashing there Shed radiance through the neighbouring air. One draws the shaft: one brings again The breath of life to warm the slain; One heals each wound; one gives anew To faded cheeks their wonted hue.","work":"The Ramayana","author":"Valmiki","url":"/works/ramayana/#ramayana-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-raven-q1","title":"The Raven","text":"Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore—","work":"The Raven","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/the-raven/#the-raven-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-raven-q2","title":"The Raven","text":"From my books surcease of sorrow—sorrow for the lost Lenore— For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore— Nameless here for evermore.","work":"The Raven","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/the-raven/#the-raven-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-raven-q3","title":"The Raven","text":"Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing, Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortals ever dared to dream before;","work":"The Raven","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/the-raven/#the-raven-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-raven-q4","title":"The Raven","text":"Quoth the Raven, “Nevermore.”","work":"The Raven","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/the-raven/#the-raven-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-raven-q5","title":"The Raven","text":"Quaff, oh quaff this kind nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!","work":"The Raven","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/the-raven/#the-raven-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-raven-q6","title":"The Raven","text":"Is there—is there balm in Gilead?—tell me—tell me, I implore!","work":"The Raven","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/the-raven/#the-raven-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-raven-q7","title":"The Raven","text":"Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!","work":"The Raven","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/the-raven/#the-raven-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-raven-q8","title":"The Raven","text":"And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor Shall be lifted—nevermore!","work":"The Raven","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/the-raven/#the-raven-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-real-mother-goose-q1","title":"The Real Mother Goose","text":"Old Mother Goose, when\n  She wanted to wander,\nWould ride through the air\n  On a very fine gander.","work":"The Real Mother Goose","author":"Blanche Fisher Wright (illustrator); traditional rhymes","url":"/works/the-real-mother-goose/#the-real-mother-goose-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-real-mother-goose-q2","title":"The Real Mother Goose","text":"Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall,\nHumpty Dumpty had a great fall;\nAll the King's horses, and all the King's men\nCannot put Humpty Dumpty together again.","work":"The Real Mother Goose","author":"Blanche Fisher Wright (illustrator); traditional rhymes","url":"/works/the-real-mother-goose/#the-real-mother-goose-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-real-mother-goose-q3","title":"The Real Mother Goose","text":"Jack and Jill went up the hill,\n  To fetch a pail of water;\nJack fell down, and broke his crown,\n  And Jill came tumbling after.","work":"The Real Mother Goose","author":"Blanche Fisher Wright (illustrator); traditional rhymes","url":"/works/the-real-mother-goose/#the-real-mother-goose-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-red-badge-of-courage-q1","title":"The Red Badge of Courage","text":"The cold passed reluctantly from the earth, and the retiring fogs revealed an army stretched out on the hills, resting.","work":"The Red Badge of Courage","author":"Stephen Crane","url":"/works/the-red-badge-of-courage/#the-red-badge-of-courage-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-red-badge-of-courage-q2","title":"The Red Badge of Courage","text":"Yer jest one little feller amongst a hull lot of others, and yeh’ve got to keep quiet an’ do what they tell yeh.","work":"The Red Badge of Courage","author":"Stephen Crane","url":"/works/the-red-badge-of-courage/#the-red-badge-of-courage-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-red-badge-of-courage-q3","title":"The Red Badge of Courage","text":"He became not a man but a member.","work":"The Red Badge of Courage","author":"Stephen Crane","url":"/works/the-red-badge-of-courage/#the-red-badge-of-courage-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-red-badge-of-courage-q4","title":"The Red Badge of Courage","text":"He wished that he, too, had a wound, a red badge of courage.","work":"The Red Badge of Courage","author":"Stephen Crane","url":"/works/the-red-badge-of-courage/#the-red-badge-of-courage-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-red-badge-of-courage-q5","title":"The Red Badge of Courage","text":"The red sun was pasted in the sky like a wafer.","work":"The Red Badge of Courage","author":"Stephen Crane","url":"/works/the-red-badge-of-courage/#the-red-badge-of-courage-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-red-badge-of-courage-q6","title":"The Red Badge of Courage","text":"He had the bustling ways of an amateur nurse.","work":"The Red Badge of Courage","author":"Stephen Crane","url":"/works/the-red-badge-of-courage/#the-red-badge-of-courage-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-red-badge-of-courage-q7","title":"The Red Badge of Courage","text":"He had been to touch the great death, and found that, after all, it was but the great death. He was a man.","work":"The Red Badge of Courage","author":"Stephen Crane","url":"/works/the-red-badge-of-courage/#the-red-badge-of-courage-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-red-badge-of-courage-q8","title":"The Red Badge of Courage","text":"Over the river a golden ray of sun came through the hosts of leaden rain clouds.","work":"The Red Badge of Courage","author":"Stephen Crane","url":"/works/the-red-badge-of-courage/#the-red-badge-of-courage-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-republic-q1","title":"The Republic","text":"Until philosophers are kings, or the kings and princes of this world have the spirit and power of philosophy, and political greatness and wisdom meet in one, and those commoner natures who pursue either to the exclusion of the other are compelled to stand aside, cities will never have rest from their evils","work":"The Republic","author":"Plato","url":"/works/the-republic/#the-republic-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-republic-and-laws-q1","title":"The Republic and The Laws","text":"a commonwealth is a constitution of the entire people. But the people is not every association of men, however congregated, but the association of the entire number, bound together by the compact of justice, and the communication of utility.","work":"The Republic and The Laws","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-republic-and-laws/#cicero-republic-and-laws-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-republic-and-laws-q2","title":"The Republic and The Laws","text":"There is a fourth kind of government, therefore, which, in my opinion, is preferable to all these: it is that mixed and moderate government, which is composed of the three particular forms which I have already noticed","work":"The Republic and The Laws","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-republic-and-laws/#cicero-republic-and-laws-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-republic-and-laws-q3","title":"The Republic and The Laws","text":"True law is right reason conformable to nature, universal, unchangeable, eternal, whose commands urge us to duty, and whose prohibitions restrain us from evil","work":"The Republic and The Laws","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-republic-and-laws/#cicero-republic-and-laws-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-republic-and-laws-q4","title":"The Republic and The Laws","text":"It is not one thing at Rome, and another at Athens; one thing to-day, and another to-morrow","work":"The Republic and The Laws","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-republic-and-laws/#cicero-republic-and-laws-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-republic-and-laws-q5","title":"The Republic and The Laws","text":"For nothing on earth is more agreeable to God, the Supreme Governor of the universe, than the assemblies and societies of men united together by laws, which are called States.","work":"The Republic and The Laws","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-republic-and-laws/#cicero-republic-and-laws-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-republic-and-laws-q6","title":"The Republic and The Laws","text":"consider your body only, not yourself, as mortal. For it is not your outward form which constitutes your being, but your mind","work":"The Republic and The Laws","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-republic-and-laws/#cicero-republic-and-laws-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-republic-and-laws-q7","title":"The Republic and The Laws","text":"man is born for justice, and that law and equity have not been established by opinion, but by nature.","work":"The Republic and The Laws","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-republic-and-laws/#cicero-republic-and-laws-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"cicero-republic-and-laws-q8","title":"The Republic and The Laws","text":"the safety of the people is the supreme law","work":"The Republic and The Laws","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-republic-and-laws/#cicero-republic-and-laws-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace-q1","title":"The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)","text":"But because war is undertaken for the sake of peace, and there is no dispute, which may not give rise to war, it will be proper to treat all such quarrels, as commonly happen, between nations, as an article in the rights of war: and then war itself will lead us to peace, as to its proper end.","work":"The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)","author":"Hugo Grotius","url":"/works/grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace/#grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace-q2","title":"The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)","text":"so that war is the state of contending parties, considered as such.","work":"The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)","author":"Hugo Grotius","url":"/works/grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace/#grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace-q3","title":"The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)","text":"Natural right is the dictate of right reason, shewing the moral turpitude, or moral necessity","work":"The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)","author":"Hugo Grotius","url":"/works/grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace/#grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace-q4","title":"The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)","text":"Thus two and two must make four, nor is it possible to be otherwise; nor, again, can what is really evil not be evil.","work":"The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)","author":"Hugo Grotius","url":"/works/grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace/#grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace-q5","title":"The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)","text":"But the law of nations is a more extensive right, deriving its authority from the consent of all, or at least of many nations.","work":"The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)","author":"Hugo Grotius","url":"/works/grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace/#grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace-q6","title":"The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)","text":"For a law does not bind those, to whom it has not been given.","work":"The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)","author":"Hugo Grotius","url":"/works/grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace/#grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace-q7","title":"The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)","text":"the common subject of sovereign power is the state, which has already been said to be a perfect society of men.","work":"The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)","author":"Hugo Grotius","url":"/works/grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace/#grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-river-war-q1","title":"The River War","text":"Mad with the joy of victory and religious frenzy, they rushed upon him and, while he disdained even to fire his revolver, stabbed him in many places","work":"The River War","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/the-river-war/#the-river-war-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-river-war-q2","title":"The River War","text":"Presently those who attended him could doubt no longer that he was attacked by typhus fever","work":"The River War","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/the-river-war/#the-river-war-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-river-war-q3","title":"The River War","text":"When they fell sick, they were sent to hospital instead of being flogged","work":"The River War","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/the-river-war/#the-river-war-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-river-war-q4","title":"The River War","text":"But of the first thousand cases between Assuan and Suarda nearly eight hundred proved fatal","work":"The River War","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/the-river-war/#the-river-war-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-river-war-q5","title":"The River War","text":"The violence of the battle may be cheaply braved, but the insidious attacks of disease appal the boldest","work":"The River War","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/the-river-war/#the-river-war-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-river-war-q6","title":"The River War","text":"Victory is the beautiful, bright-coloured flower. Transport is the stem without which it could never have blossomed","work":"The River War","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/the-river-war/#the-river-war-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-river-war-q7","title":"The River War","text":"The columns were encumbered with wounded, most of whom were already in a high state of fever, and whose sufferings were painful to witness","work":"The River War","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/the-river-war/#the-river-war-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-river-war-q8","title":"The River War","text":"hundreds of tiny white figures heaped or scattered; dozens hopping, crawling, staggering away","work":"The River War","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/the-river-war/#the-river-war-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-river-war-q9","title":"The River War","text":"by a stupid and grievous mistake the three regular hospital barges, duly prepared for the reception of the wounded, had been towed across to the right bank","work":"The River War","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/the-river-war/#the-river-war-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-river-war-q10","title":"The River War","text":"Thus ended the battle of Omdurman--the most signal triumph ever gained by the arms of science over barbarians","work":"The River War","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/the-river-war/#the-river-war-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-river-war-q11","title":"The River War","text":"Women and children lay frightfully mangled in the roadway. At one place a whole family had been crushed by a projectile","work":"The River War","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/the-river-war/#the-river-war-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-road-not-taken-q1","title":"The Road Not Taken","text":"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood","work":"The Road Not Taken","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/the-road-not-taken/#the-road-not-taken-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-road-not-taken-q2","title":"The Road Not Taken","text":"Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear;","work":"The Road Not Taken","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/the-road-not-taken/#the-road-not-taken-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-road-not-taken-q3","title":"The Road Not Taken","text":"Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same,","work":"The Road Not Taken","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/the-road-not-taken/#the-road-not-taken-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-road-not-taken-q4","title":"The Road Not Taken","text":"Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.","work":"The Road Not Taken","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/the-road-not-taken/#the-road-not-taken-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-road-not-taken-q5","title":"The Road Not Taken","text":"I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I-- I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.","work":"The Road Not Taken","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/the-road-not-taken/#the-road-not-taken-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"hayek-the-road-to-serfdom-q1","title":"The Road to Serfdom","text":"Stripped of all technicalities, this means that government in all its actions is bound by rules fixed and announced beforehand","work":"The Road to Serfdom","author":"F. A. Hayek","url":"/works/hayek-the-road-to-serfdom/#hayek-the-road-to-serfdom-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history-q1","title":"The Roman History","text":"Thus have I, a Greek by birth, and formerly a soldier, related all the events from the accession of Nerva to the death of Valens, to the best of my abilities; professing above all things to tell the truth, which, as I believe, I have never knowingly perverted, either by silence or by falsehood.","work":"The Roman History","author":"Ammianus Marcellinus","url":"/works/ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history/#ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history-q2","title":"The Roman History","text":"Both philosophers and skilful physicians agree that excess of cold, or of heat, or of moisture, or of drought, all cause pestilences;","work":"The Roman History","author":"Ammianus Marcellinus","url":"/works/ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history/#ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history-q3","title":"The Roman History","text":"no wild beasts are so hostile to men as Christian sects in general are to one another.","work":"The Roman History","author":"Ammianus Marcellinus","url":"/works/ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history/#ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history-q4","title":"The Roman History","text":"But his forbidding masters of rhetoric and grammar to instruct Christians was a cruel action, and one deserving to be buried in everlasting silence.","work":"The Roman History","author":"Ammianus Marcellinus","url":"/works/ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history/#ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history-q5","title":"The Roman History","text":"a cavalry spear, grazing the skin of his arm, pierced his side, and fixed itself in the bottom of his liver.","work":"The Roman History","author":"Ammianus Marcellinus","url":"/works/ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history/#ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history-q6","title":"The Roman History","text":"live in imitation of some of the priests in the provinces, whom the most rigid abstinence in eating and drinking, and plainness of apparel, and eyes always cast on the ground, recommend to the everlasting Deity and his true worshippers as pure and sober-minded men.","work":"The Roman History","author":"Ammianus Marcellinus","url":"/works/ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history/#ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history-q7","title":"The Roman History","text":"They never shelter themselves under roofed houses, but avoid them as people ordinarily avoid sepulchres as things not fitted for common use.","work":"The Roman History","author":"Ammianus Marcellinus","url":"/works/ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history/#ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history-q8","title":"The Roman History","text":"Nor, except the battle of Cannæ, is so destructive a slaughter recorded in our annals;","work":"The Roman History","author":"Ammianus Marcellinus","url":"/works/ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history/#ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-scarlet-letter-q1","title":"The Scarlet Letter","text":"Before this ugly edifice, and between it and the wheel-track of the street, was a grass-plot, much overgrown with burdock, pigweed, apple-peru, and such unsightly vegetation","work":"The Scarlet Letter","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/the-scarlet-letter/#the-scarlet-letter-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-scarlet-letter-q2","title":"The Scarlet Letter","text":"Be true! Be true! Be true! Show freely to the world, if not your worst, yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred","work":"The Scarlet Letter","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/the-scarlet-letter/#the-scarlet-letter-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-scarlet-pimpernel-q1","title":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","text":"A surging, seething, murmuring crowd of beings that are human only in name, for to the eye and ear they seem naught but savage creatures, animated by vile passions and by the lust of vengeance and of hate.","work":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","author":"Baroness Orczy","url":"/works/the-scarlet-pimpernel/#the-scarlet-pimpernel-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-scarlet-pimpernel-q2","title":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","text":"we are a nation of sportsmen, you know, and just now it is the fashion to pull the hare from between the teeth of the hound.","work":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","author":"Baroness Orczy","url":"/works/the-scarlet-pimpernel/#the-scarlet-pimpernel-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-scarlet-pimpernel-q3","title":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","text":"one to command, and nineteen to obey. All of us Englishmen, and all pledged to the same cause—to obey our leader and to rescue the innocent.","work":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","author":"Baroness Orczy","url":"/works/the-scarlet-pimpernel/#the-scarlet-pimpernel-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-scarlet-pimpernel-q4","title":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","text":"We seek him here, we seek him there, Those Frenchies seek him everywhere. Is he in heaven?—Is he in hell? That demmed, elusive Pimpernel?","work":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","author":"Baroness Orczy","url":"/works/the-scarlet-pimpernel/#the-scarlet-pimpernel-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-scarlet-pimpernel-q5","title":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","text":"As for Armand, I pray you have no fear. I pledge you my word that he shall be safe.","work":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","author":"Baroness Orczy","url":"/works/the-scarlet-pimpernel/#the-scarlet-pimpernel-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-scarlet-pimpernel-q6","title":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","text":"Only between these two hearts there lay a strong, impassable barrier, built up of pride on both sides, which neither of them cared to be the first to demolish.","work":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","author":"Baroness Orczy","url":"/works/the-scarlet-pimpernel/#the-scarlet-pimpernel-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-scarlet-pimpernel-q7","title":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","text":"with his worldly inanities, his foppish ways, and foolish talk, he was not only wearing a mask, but was playing a deliberate and studied part.","work":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","author":"Baroness Orczy","url":"/works/the-scarlet-pimpernel/#the-scarlet-pimpernel-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-scarlet-pimpernel-q8","title":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","text":"The rest is silence!—silence and joy for those who had endured so much suffering, yet found at last a great and lasting happiness.","work":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","author":"Baroness Orczy","url":"/works/the-scarlet-pimpernel/#the-scarlet-pimpernel-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"boyle-the-sceptical-chymist-q1","title":"The Sceptical Chymist","text":"though I am a great Lover of Chymical Experiments, and though I have no mean esteem of divers Chymical Remedies, yet I distinguish these from their Notions about the causes of things, and their manner of Generation.","work":"The Sceptical Chymist","author":"Robert Boyle","url":"/works/boyle-the-sceptical-chymist/#boyle-the-sceptical-chymist-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"boyle-the-sceptical-chymist-q2","title":"The Sceptical Chymist","text":"if men would more carefully distinguish those things that they know, from those that they ignore or do but think","work":"The Sceptical Chymist","author":"Robert Boyle","url":"/works/boyle-the-sceptical-chymist/#boyle-the-sceptical-chymist-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"boyle-the-sceptical-chymist-q3","title":"The Sceptical Chymist","text":"You but consider a piece of green-Wood burning in a Chimney, You will readily discern in the disbanded parts of it the four Elements, of which we teach It and other mixt bodies to be compos'd.","work":"The Sceptical Chymist","author":"Robert Boyle","url":"/works/boyle-the-sceptical-chymist/#boyle-the-sceptical-chymist-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"boyle-the-sceptical-chymist-q4","title":"The Sceptical Chymist","text":"It seems not absurd to conceive that at the first Production of mixt Bodies, the Universal Matter whereof they among other Parts of the Universe consisted, was actually divided into little Particles of several sizes and shapes variously mov'd.","work":"The Sceptical Chymist","author":"Robert Boyle","url":"/works/boyle-the-sceptical-chymist/#boyle-the-sceptical-chymist-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"boyle-the-sceptical-chymist-q5","title":"The Sceptical Chymist","text":"so that 164 pound of the Roots, Wood, and Bark, which Constituted the Tree, seem to have Sprung from the Water.","work":"The Sceptical Chymist","author":"Robert Boyle","url":"/works/boyle-the-sceptical-chymist/#boyle-the-sceptical-chymist-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"boyle-the-sceptical-chymist-q6","title":"The Sceptical Chymist","text":"I now mean by Elements, as those Chymists that speak plainest do by their Principles, certain Primitive and Simple, or perfectly unmingled bodies; which not being made of any other bodies, or of one another, are the Ingredients of which all those call'd perfectly mixt Bodies are immediately compounded, and into which they are ultimately resolved","work":"The Sceptical Chymist","author":"Robert Boyle","url":"/works/boyle-the-sceptical-chymist/#boyle-the-sceptical-chymist-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"boyle-the-sceptical-chymist-q7","title":"The Sceptical Chymist","text":"Chymists have been much more happy in finding Experiments than the Causes of them; or in assigning the Principles by which they may best be explain'd.","work":"The Sceptical Chymist","author":"Robert Boyle","url":"/works/boyle-the-sceptical-chymist/#boyle-the-sceptical-chymist-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-screwtape-letters-q1","title":"The Screwtape Letters","text":"There are two equal and opposite errors into which our race can fall about the devils.","work":"The Screwtape Letters","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-screwtape-letters/#the-screwtape-letters-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-screwtape-letters-q2","title":"The Screwtape Letters","text":"Indeed the safest road to Hell is the gradual one—the gentle slope, soft underfoot, without sudden turnings, without milestones, without signposts.","work":"The Screwtape Letters","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-screwtape-letters/#the-screwtape-letters-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-second-coming-q1","title":"The Second Coming","text":"Turning and turning in the widening gyre The falcon cannot hear the falconer;","work":"The Second Coming","author":"W. B. Yeats","url":"/works/the-second-coming/#the-second-coming-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-second-coming-q2","title":"The Second Coming","text":"Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,","work":"The Second Coming","author":"W. B. Yeats","url":"/works/the-second-coming/#the-second-coming-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-second-coming-q3","title":"The Second Coming","text":"The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity.","work":"The Second Coming","author":"W. B. Yeats","url":"/works/the-second-coming/#the-second-coming-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-second-coming-q4","title":"The Second Coming","text":"That twenty centuries of stony sleep Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle,","work":"The Second Coming","author":"W. B. Yeats","url":"/works/the-second-coming/#the-second-coming-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-second-coming-q5","title":"The Second Coming","text":"And what rough beast, its hour come round at last, Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?","work":"The Second Coming","author":"W. B. Yeats","url":"/works/the-second-coming/#the-second-coming-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-sign-of-the-beaver-q1","title":"The Sign of the Beaver","text":"Land same as air. Land for all people to live on.","work":"The Sign of the Beaver","author":"Elizabeth George Speare","url":"/works/the-sign-of-the-beaver/#the-sign-of-the-beaver-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-silver-chair-q1","title":"The Silver Chair","text":"There is no other stream.","work":"The Silver Chair","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-silver-chair/#the-silver-chair-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-silver-chair-q2","title":"The Silver Chair","text":"I'm on Aslan's side even if there isn't any Aslan to lead it.","work":"The Silver Chair","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-silver-chair/#the-silver-chair-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-sketch-book-q1","title":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","text":"a tart temper never mellows with age, and a sharp tongue is the only edged tool that grows keener with constant use.","work":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","author":"Washington Irving","url":"/works/the-sketch-book/#the-sketch-book-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-sketch-book-q2","title":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","text":"I was myself last night, but I fell asleep on the mountain, and they’ve changed my gun, and everything’s changed, and I’m changed, and I can’t tell what’s my name, or who I am!","work":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","author":"Washington Irving","url":"/works/the-sketch-book/#the-sketch-book-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-sketch-book-q3","title":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","text":"I believe in broken hearts, and the possibility of dying of disappointed love!","work":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","author":"Washington Irving","url":"/works/the-sketch-book/#the-sketch-book-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-sketch-book-q4","title":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","text":"The sorrow for the dead is the only sorrow from which we refuse to be divorced.","work":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","author":"Washington Irving","url":"/works/the-sketch-book/#the-sketch-book-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-sketch-book-q5","title":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","text":"History fades into fable; fact becomes clouded with doubt and controversy","work":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","author":"Washington Irving","url":"/works/the-sketch-book/#the-sketch-book-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-sketch-book-q6","title":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","text":"It is, indeed, the season of regenerated feeling--the season for kindling not merely the fire of hospitality in the hall, but the genial flame of charity in the heart.","work":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","author":"Washington Irving","url":"/works/the-sketch-book/#the-sketch-book-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-sketch-book-q7","title":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","text":"A drowsy, dreamy influence seems to hang over the land and to pervade the very atmosphere.","work":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","author":"Washington Irving","url":"/works/the-sketch-book/#the-sketch-book-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-sketch-book-q8","title":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","text":"He was tall, but exceedingly lank, with narrow shoulders, long arms and legs, hands that dangled a mile out of his sleeves, feet that might have served for shovels, and his whole frame most loosely hung together.","work":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","author":"Washington Irving","url":"/works/the-sketch-book/#the-sketch-book-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-social-contract-q1","title":"The Social Contract","text":"Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains. One thinks himself the master of others, and still remains a greater slave than they","work":"The Social Contract","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/the-social-contract/#the-social-contract-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-social-contract-q2","title":"The Social Contract","text":"To yield to force is an act of necessity, not of will--at the most, an act of prudence. In what sense can it be a duty","work":"The Social Contract","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/the-social-contract/#the-social-contract-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-social-contract-q3","title":"The Social Contract","text":"each man, in giving himself to all, gives himself to nobody","work":"The Social Contract","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/the-social-contract/#the-social-contract-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-social-contract-q4","title":"The Social Contract","text":"Each of us puts his person and all his power in common under the supreme direction of the general will, and, in our corporate capacity, we receive each member as an indivisible part of the whole","work":"The Social Contract","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/the-social-contract/#the-social-contract-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-social-contract-q5","title":"The Social Contract","text":"whoever refuses to obey the general will shall be compelled to do so by the whole body. This means nothing less than that he will be forced to be free","work":"The Social Contract","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/the-social-contract/#the-social-contract-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-social-contract-q6","title":"The Social Contract","text":"the people is never corrupted, but it is often deceived, and on such occasions only does it seem to will what is bad","work":"The Social Contract","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/the-social-contract/#the-social-contract-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-social-contract-q7","title":"The Social Contract","text":"It would take gods to give men laws","work":"The Social Contract","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/the-social-contract/#the-social-contract-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-social-contract-q8","title":"The Social Contract","text":"Most peoples, like most men, are docile only in youth; as they grow old they become incorrigible","work":"The Social Contract","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/the-social-contract/#the-social-contract-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-social-contract-q9","title":"The Social Contract","text":"I have a feeling that some day that little island will astonish Europe","work":"The Social Contract","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/the-social-contract/#the-social-contract-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-social-contract-q10","title":"The Social Contract","text":"Were there a people of gods, their government would be democratic. So perfect a government is not for men","work":"The Social Contract","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/the-social-contract/#the-social-contract-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-social-contract-q11","title":"The Social Contract","text":"The body politic, as well as the human body, begins to die as soon as it is born, and carries in itself the causes of its destruction","work":"The Social Contract","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/the-social-contract/#the-social-contract-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-social-contract-q12","title":"The Social Contract","text":"The people of England regards itself as free; but it is grossly mistaken; it is free only during the election of members of parliament","work":"The Social Contract","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/the-social-contract/#the-social-contract-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-social-contract-q13","title":"The Social Contract","text":"If any one, after publicly recognising these dogmas, behaves as if he does not believe them, let him be punished by death: he has committed the worst of all crimes, that of lying before the law","work":"The Social Contract","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/the-social-contract/#the-social-contract-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-song-of-hiawatha-q1","title":"The Song of Hiawatha","text":"Who believe that in all ages Every human heart is human,","work":"The Song of Hiawatha","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/the-song-of-hiawatha/#the-song-of-hiawatha-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-song-of-hiawatha-q2","title":"The Song of Hiawatha","text":"All your strength is in your union, All your danger is in discord; Therefore be at peace henceforward, And as brothers live together.","work":"The Song of Hiawatha","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/the-song-of-hiawatha/#the-song-of-hiawatha-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-song-of-hiawatha-q3","title":"The Song of Hiawatha","text":"By the shores of Gitche Gumee, By the shining Big-Sea-Water, Stood the wigwam of Nokomis, Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis.","work":"The Song of Hiawatha","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/the-song-of-hiawatha/#the-song-of-hiawatha-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-song-of-hiawatha-q4","title":"The Song of Hiawatha","text":"Wah-wah-taysee, little fire-fly, Little, flitting, white-fire insect, Little, dancing, white-fire creature, Light me with your little candle, Ere upon my bed I lay me, Ere in sleep I close my eyelids!","work":"The Song of Hiawatha","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/the-song-of-hiawatha/#the-song-of-hiawatha-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-song-of-hiawatha-q5","title":"The Song of Hiawatha","text":"As unto the bow the cord is, So unto the man is woman; Though she bends him, she obeys him, Though she draws him, yet she follows; Useless each without the other!","work":"The Song of Hiawatha","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/the-song-of-hiawatha/#the-song-of-hiawatha-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-song-of-hiawatha-q6","title":"The Song of Hiawatha","text":"Straightway from his brain departed All his moody melancholy;","work":"The Song of Hiawatha","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/the-song-of-hiawatha/#the-song-of-hiawatha-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-song-of-hiawatha-q7","title":"The Song of Hiawatha","text":"Farewell, O my Laughing Water! All my heart is buried with you, All my thoughts go onward with you!","work":"The Song of Hiawatha","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/the-song-of-hiawatha/#the-song-of-hiawatha-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-song-of-hiawatha-q8","title":"The Song of Hiawatha","text":"Westward, westward Hiawatha Sailed into the fiery sunset, Sailed into the purple vapors, Sailed into the dusk of evening:","work":"The Song of Hiawatha","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/the-song-of-hiawatha/#the-song-of-hiawatha-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-song-of-roland-q1","title":"The Song of Roland","text":"Charles the King, our Lord and Sovereign, Full seven years hath sojourned in Spain, Conquered the land, and won the western main","work":"The Song of Roland","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-song-of-roland/#the-song-of-roland-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-souls-of-black-folk-q1","title":"The Souls of Black Folk","text":"for the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color line.","work":"The Souls of Black Folk","author":"W. E. B. Du Bois","url":"/works/the-souls-of-black-folk/#the-souls-of-black-folk-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-souls-of-black-folk-q2","title":"The Souls of Black Folk","text":"One ever feels his twoness,—an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder.","work":"The Souls of Black Folk","author":"W. E. B. Du Bois","url":"/works/the-souls-of-black-folk/#the-souls-of-black-folk-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-souls-of-black-folk-q3","title":"The Souls of Black Folk","text":"To be a poor man is hard, but to be a poor race in a land of dollars is the very bottom of hardships.","work":"The Souls of Black Folk","author":"W. E. B. Du Bois","url":"/works/the-souls-of-black-folk/#the-souls-of-black-folk-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-souls-of-black-folk-q4","title":"The Souls of Black Folk","text":"Mr. Washington represents in Negro thought the old attitude of adjustment and submission; but adjustment at such a peculiar time as to make his programme unique.","work":"The Souls of Black Folk","author":"W. E. B. Du Bois","url":"/works/the-souls-of-black-folk/#the-souls-of-black-folk-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-souls-of-black-folk-q5","title":"The Souls of Black Folk","text":"The function of the university is not simply to teach bread-winning, or to furnish teachers for the public schools or to be a centre of polite society; it is, above all, to be the organ of that fine adjustment between real life and the growing knowledge of life, an adjustment which forms the secret of civilization.","work":"The Souls of Black Folk","author":"W. E. B. Du Bois","url":"/works/the-souls-of-black-folk/#the-souls-of-black-folk-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-souls-of-black-folk-q6","title":"The Souls of Black Folk","text":"I sit with Shakespeare and he winces not. Across the color line I move arm in arm with Balzac and Dumas, where smiling men and welcoming women glide in gilded halls.","work":"The Souls of Black Folk","author":"W. E. B. Du Bois","url":"/works/the-souls-of-black-folk/#the-souls-of-black-folk-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-souls-of-black-folk-q7","title":"The Souls of Black Folk","text":"Through all the sorrow of the Sorrow Songs there breathes a hope—a faith in the ultimate justice of things.","work":"The Souls of Black Folk","author":"W. E. B. Du Bois","url":"/works/the-souls-of-black-folk/#the-souls-of-black-folk-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-souls-of-black-folk-q8","title":"The Souls of Black Folk","text":"the Negro folk-song—the rhythmic cry of the slave—stands to-day not simply as the sole American music, but as the most beautiful expression of human experience born this side the seas.","work":"The Souls of Black Folk","author":"W. E. B. Du Bois","url":"/works/the-souls-of-black-folk/#the-souls-of-black-folk-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-spirit-of-the-laws-q1","title":"The Spirit of the Laws","text":"Laws, in their most general signification, are the necessary relations arising from the nature of things.","work":"The Spirit of the Laws","author":"Montesquieu","url":"/works/the-spirit-of-the-laws/#the-spirit-of-the-laws-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-spirit-of-the-laws-q2","title":"The Spirit of the Laws","text":"As virtue is necessary in a republic, and in a monarchy honour, so fear is necessary in a despotic government","work":"The Spirit of the Laws","author":"Montesquieu","url":"/works/the-spirit-of-the-laws/#the-spirit-of-the-laws-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-spirit-of-the-laws-q3","title":"The Spirit of the Laws","text":"constant experience shows us that every man invested with power is apt to abuse it, and to carry his authority as far as it will go.","work":"The Spirit of the Laws","author":"Montesquieu","url":"/works/the-spirit-of-the-laws/#the-spirit-of-the-laws-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-spirit-of-the-laws-q4","title":"The Spirit of the Laws","text":"To prevent this abuse, it is necessary from the very nature of things that power should be a check to power.","work":"The Spirit of the Laws","author":"Montesquieu","url":"/works/the-spirit-of-the-laws/#the-spirit-of-the-laws-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-spirit-of-the-laws-q5","title":"The Spirit of the Laws","text":"When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty","work":"The Spirit of the Laws","author":"Montesquieu","url":"/works/the-spirit-of-the-laws/#the-spirit-of-the-laws-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-spirit-of-the-laws-q6","title":"The Spirit of the Laws","text":"As it is the business of legislators to watch over the health of the citizens, it would have been a wise part in them to have stopped this communication by laws made on the plan of those of Moses.","work":"The Spirit of the Laws","author":"Montesquieu","url":"/works/the-spirit-of-the-laws/#the-spirit-of-the-laws-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-spirit-of-the-laws-q7","title":"The Spirit of the Laws","text":"The state of slavery is in its own nature bad.","work":"The Spirit of the Laws","author":"Montesquieu","url":"/works/the-spirit-of-the-laws/#the-spirit-of-the-laws-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-spirit-of-the-laws-q8","title":"The Spirit of the Laws","text":"Peace is the natural effect of trade.","work":"The Spirit of the Laws","author":"Montesquieu","url":"/works/the-spirit-of-the-laws/#the-spirit-of-the-laws-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"st-crispins-day-speech-q1","title":"The St Crispin's Day Speech","text":"If we are mark’d to die, we are enough To do our country loss; and if to live, The fewer men, the greater share of honour.","work":"The St Crispin's Day Speech","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/st-crispins-day-speech/#st-crispins-day-speech-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"st-crispins-day-speech-q2","title":"The St Crispin's Day Speech","text":"But if it be a sin to covet honour, I am the most offending soul alive.","work":"The St Crispin's Day Speech","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/st-crispins-day-speech/#st-crispins-day-speech-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"st-crispins-day-speech-q3","title":"The St Crispin's Day Speech","text":"That he which hath no stomach to this fight, Let him depart. His passport shall be made, And crowns for convoy put into his purse. We would not die in that man’s company That fears his fellowship to die with us.","work":"The St Crispin's Day Speech","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/st-crispins-day-speech/#st-crispins-day-speech-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"st-crispins-day-speech-q4","title":"The St Crispin's Day Speech","text":"Then will he strip his sleeve and show his scars, And say, “These wounds I had on Crispian’s day.”","work":"The St Crispin's Day Speech","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/st-crispins-day-speech/#st-crispins-day-speech-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"st-crispins-day-speech-q5","title":"The St Crispin's Day Speech","text":"We few, we happy few, we band of brothers. For he today that sheds his blood with me Shall be my brother; be he ne’er so vile, This day shall gentle his condition;","work":"The St Crispin's Day Speech","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/st-crispins-day-speech/#st-crispins-day-speech-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"st-crispins-day-speech-q6","title":"The St Crispin's Day Speech","text":"And gentlemen in England now abed Shall think themselves accurs’d they were not here, And hold their manhoods cheap whiles any speaks That fought with us upon Saint Crispin’s day.","work":"The St Crispin's Day Speech","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/st-crispins-day-speech/#st-crispins-day-speech-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"story-of-a-soul-q1","title":"The Story of a Soul","text":"I understood that if all the lowly flowers wished to be roses, nature would lose its springtide beauty, and the fields would no longer be enamelled with lovely hues.","work":"The Story of a Soul","author":"Therese of Lisieux","url":"/works/story-of-a-soul/#story-of-a-soul-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"story-of-a-soul-q2","title":"The Story of a Soul","text":"My God, I choose everything, I will not be a Saint by halves, I am not afraid of suffering for Thee, I only fear one thing, and that is to do my own will.","work":"The Story of a Soul","author":"Therese of Lisieux","url":"/works/story-of-a-soul/#story-of-a-soul-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"story-of-a-soul-q3","title":"The Story of a Soul","text":"Well, well! You will enter if it is God's Will.","work":"The Story of a Soul","author":"Therese of Lisieux","url":"/works/story-of-a-soul/#story-of-a-soul-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"story-of-a-soul-q4","title":"The Story of a Soul","text":"I will seek out a means of getting to Heaven by a little way--very short and very straight, a little way that is wholly new.","work":"The Story of a Soul","author":"Therese of Lisieux","url":"/works/story-of-a-soul/#story-of-a-soul-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"story-of-a-soul-q5","title":"The Story of a Soul","text":"Thine Arms, then, O Jesus, are the lift which must raise me up even unto Heaven.","work":"The Story of a Soul","author":"Therese of Lisieux","url":"/works/story-of-a-soul/#story-of-a-soul-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"story-of-a-soul-q6","title":"The Story of a Soul","text":"With me prayer is an uplifting of the heart; a glance towards heaven; a cry of gratitude and love, uttered equally in sorrow and in joy.","work":"The Story of a Soul","author":"Therese of Lisieux","url":"/works/story-of-a-soul/#story-of-a-soul-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"story-of-a-soul-q7","title":"The Story of a Soul","text":"O Jesus, my Love, at last I have found my vocation. My vocation is love!","work":"The Story of a Soul","author":"Therese of Lisieux","url":"/works/story-of-a-soul/#story-of-a-soul-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights-q1","title":"The Story of King Arthur and His Knights","text":"Whoso Pulleth Out this Sword from the Anvil That same is Rightwise King-Born of England","work":"The Story of King Arthur and His Knights","author":"Howard Pyle","url":"/works/the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights/#the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights-q2","title":"The Story of King Arthur and His Knights","text":"thou must bear in mind that thou art not as an ordinary errant knight, but that thou art a King, and that thy life belongeth not unto thee, but unto thy people","work":"The Story of King Arthur and His Knights","author":"Howard Pyle","url":"/works/the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights/#the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights-q3","title":"The Story of King Arthur and His Knights","text":"I believe that a knight should fight by means of his own strength, and not by means of magic","work":"The Story of King Arthur and His Knights","author":"Howard Pyle","url":"/works/the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights/#the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights-q4","title":"The Story of King Arthur and His Knights","text":"may He give you Faith (for Faith containeth Truth as a scabbard containeth its sword), and may that Faith heal all your wounds of sorrow as the sheath of Excalibur healed all the wounds of him who wore that excellent weapon","work":"The Story of King Arthur and His Knights","author":"Howard Pyle","url":"/works/the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights/#the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights-q5","title":"The Story of King Arthur and His Knights","text":"That which a woman most desires is to have her will","work":"The Story of King Arthur and His Knights","author":"Howard Pyle","url":"/works/the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights/#the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights-q6","title":"The Story of King Arthur and His Knights","text":"So be it. For since I have taken thee for my wife, so must I show thee respect in all matters; wherefore thou shalt have thy will in this and in all other things","work":"The Story of King Arthur and His Knights","author":"Howard Pyle","url":"/works/the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights/#the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights-q7","title":"The Story of King Arthur and His Knights","text":"for it needs not that a man shall wear armor for to be a true knight, but only that he shall do his best endeavor with all patience and humility as it hath been ordained for him to do","work":"The Story of King Arthur and His Knights","author":"Howard Pyle","url":"/works/the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights/#the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth-q1","title":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","text":"When I was a boy in Scotland I was fond of everything that was wild, and all my life I’ve been growing fonder and fonder of wild places and wild creatures.","work":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","author":"John Muir","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth/#the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth-q2","title":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","text":"This sudden plash into pure wildness—baptism in Nature’s warm heart—how utterly happy it made us!","work":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","author":"John Muir","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth/#the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth-q3","title":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","text":"Here without knowing it we still were at school; every wild lesson a love lesson, not whipped but charmed into us.","work":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","author":"John Muir","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth/#the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth-q4","title":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","text":"father was an enthusiast, and always said and believed that God and hard work were by far the best doctors.","work":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","author":"John Muir","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth/#the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth-q5","title":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","text":"I can hardly think of any other event in my life, any discovery I ever made that gave birth to joy so transportingly glorious as the possession of these five frosty hours.","work":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","author":"John Muir","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth/#the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth-q6","title":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","text":"Nature has attended to all that, giving essential unity with boundless variety, so that the botanist has only to examine plants to learn the harmony of their relations.","work":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","author":"John Muir","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth/#the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth-q7","title":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","text":"Thus I took Emerson’s advice and hitched my dumping-wagon bed to a star.","work":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","author":"John Muir","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth/#the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth-q8","title":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","text":"But I was only leaving one University for another, the Wisconsin University for the University of the Wilderness.","work":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","author":"John Muir","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth/#the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-my-life-q1","title":"The Story of My Life","text":"The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me.","work":"The Story of My Life","author":"Helen Keller","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-life/#the-story-of-my-life-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-my-life-q2","title":"The Story of My Life","text":"That living word awakened my soul, gave it light, hope, joy, set it free!","work":"The Story of My Life","author":"Helen Keller","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-life/#the-story-of-my-life-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-my-life-q3","title":"The Story of My Life","text":"Everything had a name, and each name gave birth to a new thought.","work":"The Story of My Life","author":"Helen Keller","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-life/#the-story-of-my-life-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-my-life-q4","title":"The Story of My Life","text":"You cannot touch love either; but you feel the sweetness that it pours into everything.","work":"The Story of My Life","author":"Helen Keller","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-life/#the-story-of-my-life-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-my-life-q5","title":"The Story of My Life","text":"Every struggle is a victory.","work":"The Story of My Life","author":"Helen Keller","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-life/#the-story-of-my-life-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-my-life-q6","title":"The Story of My Life","text":"knowledge is happiness, because to have knowledge--broad, deep knowledge--is to know true ends from false, and lofty things from low.","work":"The Story of My Life","author":"Helen Keller","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-life/#the-story-of-my-life-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-my-life-q7","title":"The Story of My Life","text":"God is love, God is our Father, we are His children; therefore the darkest clouds will break and though right be worsted, wrong shall not triumph.","work":"The Story of My Life","author":"Helen Keller","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-life/#the-story-of-my-life-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-story-of-my-life-q8","title":"The Story of My Life","text":"My heart is singing for joy this morning. A miracle has happened!","work":"The Story of My Life","author":"Helen Keller","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-life/#the-story-of-my-life-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"volsunga-saga-q1","title":"The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)","text":"Whoso draweth this sword from this stock, shall have the same as a gift from me, and shall find in good sooth that never bare he better sword in hand than is this.","work":"The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/volsunga-saga/#volsunga-saga-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"volsunga-saga-q2","title":"The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)","text":"Whenas men meet foes in fight, better is stout heart than sharp sword.","work":"The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/volsunga-saga/#volsunga-saga-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"volsunga-saga-q3","title":"The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)","text":"that same gold which I have owned shall be thy bane too.","work":"The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/volsunga-saga/#volsunga-saga-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"volsunga-saga-q4","title":"The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)","text":"Be kindly to friend and kin, and reward not their trespasses against thee; bear and forbear, and win for thee thereby long enduring praise of men.","work":"The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/volsunga-saga/#volsunga-saga-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"volsunga-saga-q5","title":"The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)","text":"Many a man lives after hope has grown little; but my good-hap has departed from me, nor will I suffer myself to be healed","work":"The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/volsunga-saga/#volsunga-saga-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"volsunga-saga-q6","title":"The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)","text":"none may fight against his fate and prevail.","work":"The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/volsunga-saga/#volsunga-saga-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"volsunga-saga-q7","title":"The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)","text":"the Rhine river shall rule over the gold, rather than that the Huns shall bear it on the hands of them.","work":"The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/volsunga-saga/#volsunga-saga-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"camus-the-stranger-q1","title":"The Stranger","text":"Maman died today. Or yesterday maybe, I don't know.","work":"The Stranger","author":"Albert Camus","url":"/works/camus-the-stranger/#camus-the-stranger-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"camus-the-stranger-q2","title":"The Stranger","text":"I opened myself to the gentle indifference of the world.","work":"The Stranger","author":"Albert Camus","url":"/works/camus-the-stranger/#camus-the-stranger-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"kuhn-the-structure-of-scientific-revolutions-q1","title":"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions","text":"the proponents of competing paradigms practice their trades in different worlds","work":"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions","author":"Thomas S. Kuhn","url":"/works/kuhn-the-structure-of-scientific-revolutions/#kuhn-the-structure-of-scientific-revolutions-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"kuhn-the-structure-of-scientific-revolutions-q2","title":"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions","text":"the two groups of scientists see different things when they look from the same point in the same direction","work":"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions","author":"Thomas S. Kuhn","url":"/works/kuhn-the-structure-of-scientific-revolutions/#kuhn-the-structure-of-scientific-revolutions-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-subjection-of-women-q1","title":"The Subjection of Women","text":"the legal subordination of one sex to the other--is wrong in itself, and now one of the chief hindrances to human improvement","work":"The Subjection of Women","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/the-subjection-of-women/#the-subjection-of-women-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-subjection-of-women-q2","title":"The Subjection of Women","text":"What is now called the nature of women is an eminently artificial thing","work":"The Subjection of Women","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/the-subjection-of-women/#the-subjection-of-women-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-subjection-of-women-q3","title":"The Subjection of Women","text":"the true virtue of human beings is fitness to live together as equals","work":"The Subjection of Women","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/the-subjection-of-women/#the-subjection-of-women-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-subjection-of-women-q4","title":"The Subjection of Women","text":"What is needed is, that it should be a school of sympathy in equality, of living together in love, without power on one side or obedience on the other.","work":"The Subjection of Women","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/the-subjection-of-women/#the-subjection-of-women-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-subjection-of-women-q5","title":"The Subjection of Women","text":"The right to share in the choice of those who are to exercise a public trust, is altogether a distinct thing from that of competing for the trust itself.","work":"The Subjection of Women","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/the-subjection-of-women/#the-subjection-of-women-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-subjection-of-women-q6","title":"The Subjection of Women","text":"But it is quite certain that a woman can be a Queen Elizabeth, or a Deborah, or a Joan of Arc, since this is not inference, but fact.","work":"The Subjection of Women","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/the-subjection-of-women/#the-subjection-of-women-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-subjection-of-women-q7","title":"The Subjection of Women","text":"the almost total disappearance of \"hysterics\" and fainting fits, since they have gone out of fashion","work":"The Subjection of Women","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/the-subjection-of-women/#the-subjection-of-women-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-subjection-of-women-q8","title":"The Subjection of Women","text":"doubling the mass of mental faculties available for the higher service of humanity","work":"The Subjection of Women","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/the-subjection-of-women/#the-subjection-of-women-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-swiss-family-robinson-q1","title":"The Swiss Family Robinson","text":"For many days we had been tempest-tossed. Six times had the darkness closed over a wild and terrific scene","work":"The Swiss Family Robinson","author":"Johann David Wyss","url":"/works/the-swiss-family-robinson/#the-swiss-family-robinson-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-swiss-family-robinson-q2","title":"The Swiss Family Robinson","text":"You silly little thing,\" said Fritz, my eldest son, sharply, \"don't you know that we must not settle what God is to do for us? We must have patience and wait his time","work":"The Swiss Family Robinson","author":"Johann David Wyss","url":"/works/the-swiss-family-robinson/#the-swiss-family-robinson-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-swiss-family-robinson-q3","title":"The Swiss Family Robinson","text":"We are only too ready, amid the cares and pleasures of this life, to forget the God to whom we owe all things","work":"The Swiss Family Robinson","author":"Johann David Wyss","url":"/works/the-swiss-family-robinson/#the-swiss-family-robinson-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-swiss-family-robinson-q4","title":"The Swiss Family Robinson","text":"With God's help, let us endeavor to live here contentedly, thankful that we were not cast upon some bare and inhospitable island","work":"The Swiss Family Robinson","author":"Johann David Wyss","url":"/works/the-swiss-family-robinson/#the-swiss-family-robinson-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-swiss-family-robinson-q5","title":"The Swiss Family Robinson","text":"Save an unfortunate Englishwoman from the smoking rock","work":"The Swiss Family Robinson","author":"Johann David Wyss","url":"/works/the-swiss-family-robinson/#the-swiss-family-robinson-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-swiss-family-robinson-q6","title":"The Swiss Family Robinson","text":"The whole earth is the Lord's, and where, as in his sight, you lead good and useful lives, there is your home","work":"The Swiss Family Robinson","author":"Johann David Wyss","url":"/works/the-swiss-family-robinson/#the-swiss-family-robinson-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-swiss-family-robinson-q7","title":"The Swiss Family Robinson","text":"how blessed are the results of patient continuance in well-doing, what benefits arise from the thoughtful application of knowledge and science, and how good and pleasant a thing it is when brethren dwell together in unity, under the eye of parental love","work":"The Swiss Family Robinson","author":"Johann David Wyss","url":"/works/the-swiss-family-robinson/#the-swiss-family-robinson-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-sword-in-the-stone-q1","title":"The Sword in the Stone","text":"On Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays it was Court Hand and Summulae Logicales, while the rest of the week it was the Organon, Repetition and Astrology.","work":"The Sword in the Stone","author":"T. H. White","url":"/works/the-sword-in-the-stone/#the-sword-in-the-stone-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-sword-in-the-stone-q2","title":"The Sword in the Stone","text":"is to learn something. That is the only thing that never fails.","work":"The Sword in the Stone","author":"T. H. White","url":"/works/the-sword-in-the-stone/#the-sword-in-the-stone-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-symposium-q1","title":"The Symposium","text":"He who has been instructed thus far in the things of love, and who has learned to see the beautiful in due order and succession, when he comes toward the end will suddenly perceive a nature of wondrous beauty","work":"The Symposium","author":"Plato","url":"/works/the-symposium/#the-symposium-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tale-of-peter-rabbit-q1","title":"The Tale of Peter Rabbit","text":"Once upon a time there were four little Rabbits, and their names were-- Flopsy, Mopsy, Cotton-tail, and Peter.","work":"The Tale of Peter Rabbit","author":"Beatrix Potter","url":"/works/the-tale-of-peter-rabbit/#the-tale-of-peter-rabbit-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tale-of-peter-rabbit-q2","title":"The Tale of Peter Rabbit","text":"But Peter, who was very naughty, ran straight away to Mr. McGregor's garden, and squeezed under the gate!","work":"The Tale of Peter Rabbit","author":"Beatrix Potter","url":"/works/the-tale-of-peter-rabbit/#the-tale-of-peter-rabbit-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tale-of-peter-rabbit-q3","title":"The Tale of Peter Rabbit","text":"Peter was most dreadfully frightened; he rushed all over the garden, for he had forgotten the way back to the gate.","work":"The Tale of Peter Rabbit","author":"Beatrix Potter","url":"/works/the-tale-of-peter-rabbit/#the-tale-of-peter-rabbit-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-taming-of-the-shrew-q1","title":"The Taming of the Shrew","text":"Seeing too much sadness hath congeal’d your blood, And melancholy is the nurse of frenzy","work":"The Taming of the Shrew","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-taming-of-the-shrew/#the-taming-of-the-shrew-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-taming-of-the-shrew-q2","title":"The Taming of the Shrew","text":"I come to wive it wealthily in Padua; If wealthily, then happily in Padua.","work":"The Taming of the Shrew","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-taming-of-the-shrew/#the-taming-of-the-shrew-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-taming-of-the-shrew-q3","title":"The Taming of the Shrew","text":"If I be waspish, best beware my sting.","work":"The Taming of the Shrew","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-taming-of-the-shrew/#the-taming-of-the-shrew-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-taming-of-the-shrew-q4","title":"The Taming of the Shrew","text":"This is a way to kill a wife with kindness","work":"The Taming of the Shrew","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-taming-of-the-shrew/#the-taming-of-the-shrew-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-taming-of-the-shrew-q5","title":"The Taming of the Shrew","text":"My tongue will tell the anger of my heart, Or else my heart, concealing it, will break","work":"The Taming of the Shrew","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-taming-of-the-shrew/#the-taming-of-the-shrew-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-taming-of-the-shrew-q6","title":"The Taming of the Shrew","text":"For ’tis the mind that makes the body rich; And as the sun breaks through the darkest clouds, So honour peereth in the meanest habit.","work":"The Taming of the Shrew","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-taming-of-the-shrew/#the-taming-of-the-shrew-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-taming-of-the-shrew-q7","title":"The Taming of the Shrew","text":"Then, God be bless’d, it is the blessed sun; But sun it is not when you say it is not, And the moon changes even as your mind.","work":"The Taming of the Shrew","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-taming-of-the-shrew/#the-taming-of-the-shrew-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-taming-of-the-shrew-q8","title":"The Taming of the Shrew","text":"Thy husband is thy lord, thy life, thy keeper, Thy head, thy sovereign; one that cares for thee","work":"The Taming of the Shrew","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-taming-of-the-shrew/#the-taming-of-the-shrew-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tempest-q1","title":"The Tempest","text":"You taught me language, and my profit on ’t Is, I know how to curse.","work":"The Tempest","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-tempest/#the-tempest-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tempest-q2","title":"The Tempest","text":"Be not afeard. The isle is full of noises, Sounds, and sweet airs, that give delight, and hurt not.","work":"The Tempest","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-tempest/#the-tempest-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tempest-q3","title":"The Tempest","text":"We are such stuff As dreams are made on, and our little life Is rounded with a sleep.","work":"The Tempest","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-tempest/#the-tempest-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tempest-q4","title":"The Tempest","text":"A solemn air, and the best comforter To an unsettled fancy, cure thy brains","work":"The Tempest","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-tempest/#the-tempest-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tempest-q5","title":"The Tempest","text":"the rarer action is In virtue than in vengeance","work":"The Tempest","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-tempest/#the-tempest-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tempest-q6","title":"The Tempest","text":"O brave new world That has such people in ’t!","work":"The Tempest","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-tempest/#the-tempest-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tempest-q7","title":"The Tempest","text":"I’ll be wise hereafter, And seek for grace.","work":"The Tempest","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-tempest/#the-tempest-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tempest-q8","title":"The Tempest","text":"As you from crimes would pardon’d be, Let your indulgence set me free.","work":"The Tempest","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-tempest/#the-tempest-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall-q1","title":"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","text":"I wished to tell the truth, for truth always conveys its own moral to those who are able to receive it.","work":"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","author":"Anne Brontë","url":"/works/the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall/#the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall-q2","title":"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","text":"if a book is a good one, it is so whatever the sex of the author may be.","work":"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","author":"Anne Brontë","url":"/works/the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall/#the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall-q3","title":"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","text":"I would not send a poor girl into the world, unarmed against her foes, and ignorant of the snares that beset her path;","work":"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","author":"Anne Brontë","url":"/works/the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall/#the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall-q4","title":"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","text":"but it is a glorious thought to cherish in one’s own heart, and I would not part with it for all the world can give!","work":"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","author":"Anne Brontë","url":"/works/the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall/#the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall-q5","title":"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","text":"I am determined to enlist all the powers of association in my service;","work":"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","author":"Anne Brontë","url":"/works/the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall/#the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall-q6","title":"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","text":"I do pray for you, every hour and every minute, Arthur; but you must pray for yourself.","work":"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","author":"Anne Brontë","url":"/works/the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall/#the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall-q7","title":"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","text":"This rose is not so fragrant as a summer flower, but it has stood through hardships none of _them_ could bear:","work":"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","author":"Anne Brontë","url":"/works/the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall/#the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-theban-plays-q1","title":"The Theban Plays","text":"Therefore wait to see life’s ending ere thou count one mortal blest; Wait till free from pain and sorrow he has gained his final rest","work":"The Theban Plays","author":"Sophocles","url":"/works/the-theban-plays/#the-theban-plays-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-theban-plays-q2","title":"The Theban Plays","text":"The immutable unwritten laws of Heaven. They were not born today nor yesterday; They die not; and none knoweth whence they sprang","work":"The Theban Plays","author":"Sophocles","url":"/works/the-theban-plays/#the-theban-plays-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class-q1","title":"The Theory of the Leisure Class","text":"The institution of a leisure class is found in its best development at the higher stages of the barbarian culture; as, for instance, in feudal Europe or feudal Japan.","work":"The Theory of the Leisure Class","author":"Thorstein Veblen","url":"/works/veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class/#veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class-q2","title":"The Theory of the Leisure Class","text":"Ownership began and grew into a human institution on grounds unrelated to the subsistence minimum.","work":"The Theory of the Leisure Class","author":"Thorstein Veblen","url":"/works/veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class/#veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class-q3","title":"The Theory of the Leisure Class","text":"In order to gain and to hold the esteem of men it is not sufficient merely to possess wealth or power. The wealth or power must be put in evidence, for esteem is awarded only on evidence.","work":"The Theory of the Leisure Class","author":"Thorstein Veblen","url":"/works/veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class/#veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class-q4","title":"The Theory of the Leisure Class","text":"Conspicuous consumption of valuable goods is a means of reputability to the gentleman of leisure.","work":"The Theory of the Leisure Class","author":"Thorstein Veblen","url":"/works/veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class/#veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class-q5","title":"The Theory of the Leisure Class","text":"Drunkenness and the other pathological consequences of the free use of stimulants therefore tend in their turn to become honorific, as being a mark, at the second remove, of the superior status of those who are able to afford the indulgence.","work":"The Theory of the Leisure Class","author":"Thorstein Veblen","url":"/works/veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class/#veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class-q6","title":"The Theory of the Leisure Class","text":"The corset is, in economic theory, substantially a mutilation, undergone for the purpose of lowering the subject's vitality and rendering her permanently and obviously unfit for work.","work":"The Theory of the Leisure Class","author":"Thorstein Veblen","url":"/works/veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class/#veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class-q7","title":"The Theory of the Leisure Class","text":"they are reputable because they are cumbrous and out of date, and therefore argue waste of time and exemption from the use and the need of direct and forcible speech.","work":"The Theory of the Leisure Class","author":"Thorstein Veblen","url":"/works/veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class/#veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-thirty-nine-steps-q1","title":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","text":"the romance where the incidents defy the probabilities, and march just inside the borders of the possible","work":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","author":"John Buchan","url":"/works/the-thirty-nine-steps/#the-thirty-nine-steps-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-thirty-nine-steps-q2","title":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","text":"I was the best bored man in the United Kingdom.","work":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","author":"John Buchan","url":"/works/the-thirty-nine-steps/#the-thirty-nine-steps-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-thirty-nine-steps-q3","title":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","text":"I am an ordinary sort of fellow, not braver than other people, but I hate to see a good man downed","work":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","author":"John Buchan","url":"/works/the-thirty-nine-steps/#the-thirty-nine-steps-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-thirty-nine-steps-q4","title":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","text":"the secret of playing a part was to think yourself into it.","work":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","author":"John Buchan","url":"/works/the-thirty-nine-steps/#the-thirty-nine-steps-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-thirty-nine-steps-q5","title":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","text":"He was a true friend in need, that old roadman.","work":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","author":"John Buchan","url":"/works/the-thirty-nine-steps/#the-thirty-nine-steps-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-thirty-nine-steps-q6","title":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","text":"I think he was the bravest man in the world, for he was always shivering with fright, and yet nothing would choke him off.","work":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","author":"John Buchan","url":"/works/the-thirty-nine-steps/#the-thirty-nine-steps-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-thirty-nine-steps-q7","title":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","text":"This man was more than a spy; in his foul way he had been a patriot.","work":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","author":"John Buchan","url":"/works/the-thirty-nine-steps/#the-thirty-nine-steps-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-thirty-nine-steps-q8","title":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","text":"But I had done my best service, I think, before I put on khaki.","work":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","author":"John Buchan","url":"/works/the-thirty-nine-steps/#the-thirty-nine-steps-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"lane-thousand-and-one-nights-q1","title":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","text":"The lives of former generations are a lesson to posterity; that a man may review the remarkable events which have happened to others, and be admonished","work":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","author":"Anonymous; translated by Edward William Lane","url":"/works/lane-thousand-and-one-nights/#lane-thousand-and-one-nights-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"lane-thousand-and-one-nights-q2","title":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","text":"either I shall die, and be a ransom for one of the daughters of the Muslims, or I shall live, and be the cause of their deliverance from him.","work":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","author":"Anonymous; translated by Edward William Lane","url":"/works/lane-thousand-and-one-nights/#lane-thousand-and-one-nights-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"lane-thousand-and-one-nights-q3","title":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","text":"O my sister, relate to us a story to beguile the waking hour of our night.","work":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","author":"Anonymous; translated by Edward William Lane","url":"/works/lane-thousand-and-one-nights/#lane-thousand-and-one-nights-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"lane-thousand-and-one-nights-q4","title":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","text":"This is a Jinnee, and I am a man; and God hath given me sound reason; therefore, I will now plot his destruction with my art and reason, like as he hath plotted with his cunning and perfidy.","work":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","author":"Anonymous; translated by Edward William Lane","url":"/works/lane-thousand-and-one-nights/#lane-thousand-and-one-nights-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"lane-thousand-and-one-nights-q5","title":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","text":"Spare me, and so may God spare thee; and destroy me not, lest God destroy thee.","work":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","author":"Anonymous; translated by Edward William Lane","url":"/works/lane-thousand-and-one-nights/#lane-thousand-and-one-nights-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"lane-thousand-and-one-nights-q6","title":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","text":"Consider, then, O 'Efreet, the pardon of the envied to the envier, and his kindness to him, notwithstanding the injuries he had done him.","work":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","author":"Anonymous; translated by Edward William Lane","url":"/works/lane-thousand-and-one-nights/#lane-thousand-and-one-nights-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"lane-thousand-and-one-nights-q7","title":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","text":"Eloquence, with them, is lawful magic: it exercises over their minds an irresistible influence.","work":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","author":"Anonymous; translated by Edward William Lane","url":"/works/lane-thousand-and-one-nights/#lane-thousand-and-one-nights-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"lane-thousand-and-one-nights-q8","title":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","text":"I have thought it right to omit such tales, anecdotes, &c., as are comparatively uninteresting or on any account objectionable.","work":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","author":"Anonymous; translated by Edward William Lane","url":"/works/lane-thousand-and-one-nights/#lane-thousand-and-one-nights-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-three-musketeers-q1","title":"The Three Musketeers","text":"Never fear quarrels, but seek adventures.","work":"The Three Musketeers","author":"Alexandre Dumas","url":"/works/the-three-musketeers/#the-three-musketeers-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-three-musketeers-q2","title":"The Three Musketeers","text":"All for one, one for all.","work":"The Three Musketeers","author":"Alexandre Dumas","url":"/works/the-three-musketeers/#the-three-musketeers-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-three-musketeers-q3","title":"The Three Musketeers","text":"Love is the most selfish of all the passions.","work":"The Three Musketeers","author":"Alexandre Dumas","url":"/works/the-three-musketeers/#the-three-musketeers-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-three-musketeers-q4","title":"The Three Musketeers","text":"I say that love is a lottery in which he who wins, wins death!","work":"The Three Musketeers","author":"Alexandre Dumas","url":"/works/the-three-musketeers/#the-three-musketeers-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-three-musketeers-q5","title":"The Three Musketeers","text":"It is by my order and for the good of the state that the bearer of this has done what he has done.","work":"The Three Musketeers","author":"Alexandre Dumas","url":"/works/the-three-musketeers/#the-three-musketeers-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-three-musketeers-q6","title":"The Three Musketeers","text":"I pardon you, and I weep for you. Die in peace!","work":"The Three Musketeers","author":"Alexandre Dumas","url":"/works/the-three-musketeers/#the-three-musketeers-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-three-musketeers-q7","title":"The Three Musketeers","text":"Let the justice of God be done!","work":"The Three Musketeers","author":"Alexandre Dumas","url":"/works/the-three-musketeers/#the-three-musketeers-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"ibn-battuta-travels-q1","title":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","text":"I was astonished at what he said, and determined with myself to visit those countries : nor did I give up my purpose till I had met all the three mentioned by him, and presented his compliments to them.","work":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","author":"Ibn Battuta","url":"/works/ibn-battuta-travels/#ibn-battuta-travels-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"ibn-battuta-travels-q2","title":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","text":"saw in a dream the same night, myself placed on the wings of a great bird, which fled away with me towards the temple at Mecca.","work":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","author":"Ibn Battuta","url":"/works/ibn-battuta-travels/#ibn-battuta-travels-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"ibn-battuta-travels-q3","title":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","text":"The Nile, which runs through this country, excels all other rivers in the sweetness of its taste,","work":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","author":"Ibn Battuta","url":"/works/ibn-battuta-travels/#ibn-battuta-travels-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"ibn-battuta-travels-q4","title":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","text":"I myself was present at this mosque in the year 746 (A.D. 1345), when the people were assembled for the purpose of prayer against the plague : which ceased on that very day.","work":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","author":"Ibn Battuta","url":"/works/ibn-battuta-travels/#ibn-battuta-travels-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"ibn-battuta-travels-q5","title":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","text":"I THEN travelled for three days over high mountains, and found in every stage, in these countries, a cell with food for the accommodation of travellers.","work":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","author":"Ibn Battuta","url":"/works/ibn-battuta-travels/#ibn-battuta-travels-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"ibn-battuta-travels-q6","title":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","text":"The Turkish women of these parts are very highly respected, particularly the wives of the nobles and kings. These women are religious, and prone to almsgiving and other good works.","work":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","author":"Ibn Battuta","url":"/works/ibn-battuta-travels/#ibn-battuta-travels-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"ibn-battuta-travels-q7","title":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","text":"A Jew was our interpreter. The King was much surprised at my tale ; and said to his sons: Let this man be treated honourably, and give him a letter of safe conduct.","work":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","author":"Ibn Battuta","url":"/works/ibn-battuta-travels/#ibn-battuta-travels-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"ibn-battuta-travels-q8","title":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","text":"The horse courier, which is part of the Sultan’s cavalry, is stationed at the distance of every four miles.","work":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","author":"Ibn Battuta","url":"/works/ibn-battuta-travels/#ibn-battuta-travels-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-travels-of-marco-polo-q1","title":"The Travels of Marco Polo","text":"And we shall set down things seen as seen, and things heard as heard only, so that no jot of falsehood may mar the truth of our Book","work":"The Travels of Marco Polo","author":"Marco Polo (with Rustichello da Pisa)","url":"/works/the-travels-of-marco-polo/#the-travels-of-marco-polo-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-travels-of-marco-polo-q2","title":"The Travels of Marco Polo","text":"Now, being thereafter an inmate of the Prison at Genoa, he caused Messer Rusticiano of Pisa, who was in the said Prison likewise, to reduce the whole to writing; and this befell in the year 1298 from the birth of Jesus.","work":"The Travels of Marco Polo","author":"Marco Polo (with Rustichello da Pisa)","url":"/works/the-travels-of-marco-polo/#the-travels-of-marco-polo-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-travels-of-marco-polo-q3","title":"The Travels of Marco Polo","text":"He begged that the Pope would send as many as an hundred persons of our Christian faith; intelligent men, acquainted with the Seven Arts","work":"The Travels of Marco Polo","author":"Marco Polo (with Rustichello da Pisa)","url":"/works/the-travels-of-marco-polo/#the-travels-of-marco-polo-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-travels-of-marco-polo-q4","title":"The Travels of Marco Polo","text":"you might say he hath the Secret of Alchemy in perfection, and you would be right!","work":"The Travels of Marco Polo","author":"Marco Polo (with Rustichello da Pisa)","url":"/works/the-travels-of-marco-polo/#the-travels-of-marco-polo-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-travels-of-marco-polo-q5","title":"The Travels of Marco Polo","text":"It is a fact that all over the country of Cathay there is a kind of black stones existing in beds in the mountains, which they dig out and burn like firewood.","work":"The Travels of Marco Polo","author":"Marco Polo (with Rustichello da Pisa)","url":"/works/the-travels-of-marco-polo/#the-travels-of-marco-polo-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-travels-of-marco-polo-q6","title":"The Travels of Marco Polo","text":"the city is beyond dispute the finest and the noblest in the world.","work":"The Travels of Marco Polo","author":"Marco Polo (with Rustichello da Pisa)","url":"/works/the-travels-of-marco-polo/#the-travels-of-marco-polo-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-travels-of-marco-polo-q7","title":"The Travels of Marco Polo","text":"Indeed, an he had but been so, he would have been a great saint of Our Lord Jesus Christ, so good and pure was the life he led.","work":"The Travels of Marco Polo","author":"Marco Polo (with Rustichello da Pisa)","url":"/works/the-travels-of-marco-polo/#the-travels-of-marco-polo-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-travels-of-marco-polo-q8","title":"The Travels of Marco Polo","text":"But I believe it was God’s pleasure that we should get back in order that people might learn about the things that the world contains.","work":"The Travels of Marco Polo","author":"Marco Polo (with Rustichello da Pisa)","url":"/works/the-travels-of-marco-polo/#the-travels-of-marco-polo-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-trial-of-joan-of-arc-q1","title":"The Trial of Joan of Arc","text":"Pass that by. I was thirteen when I had a Voice from God for my help and guidance. The first time that I heard this Voice, I was very much frightened; it was mid-day, in the summer, in my father's garden","work":"The Trial of Joan of Arc","author":"Jeanne d'Arc; Pierre Cauchon; Guillaume Bouille; T. Douglas Murray","url":"/works/the-trial-of-joan-of-arc/#the-trial-of-joan-of-arc-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-trial-of-joan-of-arc-q2","title":"The Trial of Joan of Arc","text":"If I were in a wood, I could easily hear the Voice which came to me. It seemed to me to come from lips I should reverence. I believe it was sent me from God","work":"The Trial of Joan of Arc","author":"Jeanne d'Arc; Pierre Cauchon; Guillaume Bouille; T. Douglas Murray","url":"/works/the-trial-of-joan-of-arc/#the-trial-of-joan-of-arc-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-trial-of-joan-of-arc-q3","title":"The Trial of Joan of Arc","text":"I have answered it, and will not, without the leave of Our Lord, reveal what has been revealed to me","work":"The Trial of Joan of Arc","author":"Jeanne d'Arc; Pierre Cauchon; Guillaume Bouille; T. Douglas Murray","url":"/works/the-trial-of-joan-of-arc/#the-trial-of-joan-of-arc-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-trial-of-joan-of-arc-q4","title":"The Trial of Joan of Arc","text":"I would He might send me yet more, so that it might be discerned that I am come from God and that it is He Who hath sent me","work":"The Trial of Joan of Arc","author":"Jeanne d'Arc; Pierre Cauchon; Guillaume Bouille; T. Douglas Murray","url":"/works/the-trial-of-joan-of-arc/#the-trial-of-joan-of-arc-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays-q1","title":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","text":"How are ye blind, Ye treaders down of cities, ye that cast Temples to desolation, and lay waste Tombs, the untrodden sanctuaries where lie The ancient dead; yourselves so soon to die!","work":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays/#euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays-q2","title":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","text":"Death cannot be what Life is, Child; the cup Of Death is empty, and Life hath always hope.","work":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays/#euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays-q3","title":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","text":"thou high Throne Above the World, whoe'er thou art, unknown And hard of surmise, Chain of Things that be, Or Reason of our Reason; God, to thee I lift my praise","work":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays/#euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays-q4","title":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","text":"Had He not turned us in His hand, and thrust Our high things low and shook our hills as dust, We had not been this splendour, and our wrong An everlasting music for the song Of earth and heaven!","work":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays/#euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays-q5","title":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","text":"No, not in blood. In love we are brothers sworn.","work":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays/#euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays-q6","title":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","text":"I have no friend like thee For truth and love, O boy that played with me, And hunted on Greek hills","work":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays/#euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays-q7","title":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","text":"willingly I die, let no man Confine these arms, I with undaunted breast Will meet the stroke.","work":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays/#euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays-q8","title":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","text":"Alas! there’s no man free: for some are slaves To gold, to fortune others, and the rest, The multitude or written laws restrain From acting as their better judgment dictates.","work":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays/#euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-true-story-of-my-life-q1","title":"The True Story of My Life","text":"My life is a lovely story, happy and full of incident.","work":"The True Story of My Life","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/the-true-story-of-my-life/#the-true-story-of-my-life-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-true-story-of-my-life-q2","title":"The True Story of My Life","text":"There is a loving God, who directs all things for the best.","work":"The True Story of My Life","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/the-true-story-of-my-life/#the-true-story-of-my-life-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-true-story-of-my-life-q3","title":"The True Story of My Life","text":"That was the first day of real sorrow which I remember.","work":"The True Story of My Life","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/the-true-story-of-my-life/#the-true-story-of-my-life-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-true-story-of-my-life-q4","title":"The True Story of My Life","text":"at first an immense deal of adversity to go through, and then they will be famous.","work":"The True Story of My Life","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/the-true-story-of-my-life/#the-true-story-of-my-life-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-true-story-of-my-life-q5","title":"The True Story of My Life","text":"and in honor of him, Odense will one day be illuminated.","work":"The True Story of My Life","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/the-true-story-of-my-life/#the-true-story-of-my-life-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-true-story-of-my-life-q6","title":"The True Story of My Life","text":"That was the darkest, the most unhappy time in my life.","work":"The True Story of My Life","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/the-true-story-of-my-life/#the-true-story-of-my-life-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-true-story-of-my-life-q7","title":"The True Story of My Life","text":"The story of my life, up to the present hour, lies unrolled before me, so rich and beautiful that I could not have invented it.","work":"The True Story of My Life","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/the-true-story-of-my-life/#the-true-story-of-my-life-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-true-story-of-my-life-q8","title":"The True Story of My Life","text":"It is a joy to live and to believe in God and man.","work":"The True Story of My Life","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/the-true-story-of-my-life/#the-true-story-of-my-life-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-trumpet-of-the-swan-q1","title":"The Trumpet of the Swan","text":"Walking back to camp through the swamp, Sam wondered whether to tell his father what he had seen.","work":"The Trumpet of the Swan","author":"E. B. White","url":"/works/the-trumpet-of-the-swan/#the-trumpet-of-the-swan-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tyger-q1","title":"The Tyger","text":"Tyger! Tyger! burning bright In the forests of the night, What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearful symmetry?","work":"The Tyger","author":"William Blake","url":"/works/the-tyger/#the-tyger-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tyger-q2","title":"The Tyger","text":"In what distant deeps or skies Burnt the fire of thine eyes? On what wings dare he aspire? What the hand, dare sieze the fire?","work":"The Tyger","author":"William Blake","url":"/works/the-tyger/#the-tyger-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tyger-q3","title":"The Tyger","text":"What the hammer? what the chain? In what furnace was thy brain? What the anvil? what dread grasp Dare its deadly terrors clasp?","work":"The Tyger","author":"William Blake","url":"/works/the-tyger/#the-tyger-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tyger-q4","title":"The Tyger","text":"When the stars threw down their spears, And water’d heaven with their tears, Did he smile his work to see? Did he who made the Lamb make thee?","work":"The Tyger","author":"William Blake","url":"/works/the-tyger/#the-tyger-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-tyger-q5","title":"The Tyger","text":"What immortal hand or eye Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?","work":"The Tyger","author":"William Blake","url":"/works/the-tyger/#the-tyger-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q1","title":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","text":"Medical materialism finishes up Saint Paul by calling his vision on the road to Damascus a discharging lesion of the occipital cortex, he being an epileptic","work":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-varieties-of-religious-experience/#the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q2","title":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","text":"By their fruits ye shall know them, not by their roots","work":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-varieties-of-religious-experience/#the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q3","title":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","text":"the feelings, acts, and experiences of individual men in their solitude, so far as they apprehend themselves to stand in relation to whatever they may consider the divine","work":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-varieties-of-religious-experience/#the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q4","title":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","text":"God has two families of children on this earth","work":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-varieties-of-religious-experience/#the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q5","title":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","text":"Life had been enchanting, it was now flat sober, more than sober, dead","work":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-varieties-of-religious-experience/#the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q6","title":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","text":"He was a typical case of the psychopathic temperament, sensitive of conscience to a diseased degree, beset by doubts, fears, and insistent ideas, and a victim of verbal automatisms, both motor and sensory","work":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-varieties-of-religious-experience/#the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q7","title":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","text":"suddenly there fell upon me without any warning, just as if it came out of the darkness, a horrible fear of my own existence","work":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-varieties-of-religious-experience/#the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q8","title":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","text":"That shape am I_, I felt, potentially","work":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-varieties-of-religious-experience/#the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q9","title":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","text":"The sway of alcohol over mankind is unquestionably due to its power to stimulate the mystical faculties of human nature","work":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-varieties-of-religious-experience/#the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q10","title":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","text":"Sobriety diminishes, discriminates, and says no; drunkenness expands, unites, and says yes","work":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-varieties-of-religious-experience/#the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q11","title":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","text":"our normal waking consciousness, rational consciousness as we call it, is but one special type of consciousness, whilst all about it, parted from it by the filmiest of screens, there lie potential forms of consciousness entirely different","work":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-varieties-of-religious-experience/#the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q12","title":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","text":"Yet they may determine attitudes though they cannot furnish formulas, and open a region though they fail to give a map","work":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-varieties-of-religious-experience/#the-varieties-of-religious-experience-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-velveteen-rabbit-q1","title":"The Velveteen Rabbit","text":"He was fat and bunchy, as a rabbit should be; his coat was spotted brown and white, he had real thread whiskers, and his ears were lined with pink sateen.","work":"The Velveteen Rabbit","author":"Margery Williams","url":"/works/the-velveteen-rabbit/#the-velveteen-rabbit-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-velveteen-rabbit-q2","title":"The Velveteen Rabbit","text":"\"Real isn't how you are made,\" said the Skin Horse. \"It's a thing that happens to you. When a child loves you for a long, long time, not just to play with, but REALLY loves you, then you become Real.\"","work":"The Velveteen Rabbit","author":"Margery Williams","url":"/works/the-velveteen-rabbit/#the-velveteen-rabbit-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-velveteen-rabbit-q3","title":"The Velveteen Rabbit","text":"\"Does it hurt?\" asked the Rabbit. \"Sometimes,\" said the Skin Horse, for he was always truthful.","work":"The Velveteen Rabbit","author":"Margery Williams","url":"/works/the-velveteen-rabbit/#the-velveteen-rabbit-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions-q1","title":"The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions","text":"That this assembly most solemnly declares a warm attachment to the Union of the States, to maintain which it pledges all its powers","work":"The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions","author":"James Madison and Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions/#virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions-q2","title":"The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions","text":"in case of a deliberate, palpable, and dangerous exercise of other powers, not granted by the said compact, the states who are parties thereto, have the right, and are in duty bound, to interpose for arresting the progress of the evil","work":"The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions","author":"James Madison and Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions/#virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions-q3","title":"The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions","text":"that right of freely examining public characters and measures, and of free communication among the people thereon, which has ever been justly deemed, the only effectual guardian of every other right.","work":"The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions","author":"James Madison and Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions/#virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions-q4","title":"The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions","text":"this government, created by this compact, was not made the exclusive or final judge of the extent of the powers delegated to itself, since that would have made its discretion, and not the Constitution, the measure of its powers; but that, as in all other cases of compact among powers having no common judge, each party has an equal right to judge for itself, as well of infractions as of the mode and measure of redress.","work":"The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions","author":"James Madison and Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions/#virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions-q5","title":"The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions","text":"confidence is every where the parent of despotism; free government is founded in jealousy, and not in confidence","work":"The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions","author":"James Madison and Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions/#virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions-q6","title":"The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions","text":"In questions of power, then, let no more be said of confidence in man, but bind him down from mischief by the chains of the Constitution.","work":"The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions","author":"James Madison and Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions/#virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions-q7","title":"The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions","text":"That a nullification, by those sovereignties, of all unauthorized acts done under color of that instrument, is the rightful remedy","work":"The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions","author":"James Madison and Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions/#virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"virginia-declaration-of-rights-q1","title":"The Virginia Declaration of Rights","text":"That all men are by nature equally free and independent, and have certain inherent rights, of which, when they enter into a state of society, they cannot, by any compact, deprive or divest their posterity; namely, the enjoyment of life and liberty, with the means of acquiring and possessing property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety.","work":"The Virginia Declaration of Rights","author":"George Mason","url":"/works/virginia-declaration-of-rights/#virginia-declaration-of-rights-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"virginia-declaration-of-rights-q2","title":"The Virginia Declaration of Rights","text":"That all power is vested in, and consequently derived from, the people; that magistrates are their trustees and servants, and at all times amenable to them.","work":"The Virginia Declaration of Rights","author":"George Mason","url":"/works/virginia-declaration-of-rights/#virginia-declaration-of-rights-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"virginia-declaration-of-rights-q3","title":"The Virginia Declaration of Rights","text":"That the freedom of the press is one of the greatest bulwarks of liberty and can never be restrained but by despotic governments.","work":"The Virginia Declaration of Rights","author":"George Mason","url":"/works/virginia-declaration-of-rights/#virginia-declaration-of-rights-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"virginia-declaration-of-rights-q4","title":"The Virginia Declaration of Rights","text":"That no free government, or the blessings of liberty, can be preserved to any people but by a firm adherence to justice, moderation, temperance, frugality, and virtue and by frequent recurrence to fundamental principles.","work":"The Virginia Declaration of Rights","author":"George Mason","url":"/works/virginia-declaration-of-rights/#virginia-declaration-of-rights-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"virginia-declaration-of-rights-q5","title":"The Virginia Declaration of Rights","text":"all men are equally entitled to the free exercise of religion, according to the dictates of conscience; and that it is the mutual duty of all to practice Christian forbearance, love, and charity towards each other.","work":"The Virginia Declaration of Rights","author":"George Mason","url":"/works/virginia-declaration-of-rights/#virginia-declaration-of-rights-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom-q1","title":"The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom","text":"Almighty God hath created the mind free","work":"The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom/#virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom-q2","title":"The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom","text":"that to compel a man to furnish contributions of money for the propagation of opinions which he disbelieves is sinful and tyrannical","work":"The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom/#virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom-q3","title":"The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom","text":"that our civil rights have no dependence on our religious opinions any more than our opinions in physics or geometry","work":"The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom/#virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom-q4","title":"The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom","text":"that Truth is great, and will prevail if left to herself, that she is the proper and sufficient antagonist to error, and has nothing to fear from the conflict, unless by human interposition disarmed of her natural weapons free argument and debate","work":"The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom/#virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom-q5","title":"The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom","text":"that all men shall be free to profess, and by argument to maintain, their opinions in matters of Religion, and that the same shall in no wise diminish, enlarge or affect their civil capacities.","work":"The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom/#virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-voyage-of-the-dawn-treader-q1","title":"The Voyage of the Dawn Treader","text":"There was a boy called Eustace Clarence Scrubb, and he almost deserved it.","work":"The Voyage of the Dawn Treader","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-voyage-of-the-dawn-treader/#the-voyage-of-the-dawn-treader-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-voyage-of-the-dawn-treader-q2","title":"The Voyage of the Dawn Treader","text":"This was the very reason why you were brought to Narnia, that by knowing me here for a little, you may know me better there.","work":"The Voyage of the Dawn Treader","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-voyage-of-the-dawn-treader/#the-voyage-of-the-dawn-treader-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-war-of-the-worlds-q1","title":"The War of the Worlds","text":"No one would have believed in the last years of the nineteenth century that this world was being watched keenly and closely by intelligences greater than man’s and yet as mortal as his own","work":"The War of the Worlds","author":"H. G. Wells","url":"/works/the-war-of-the-worlds/#the-war-of-the-worlds-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-war-of-the-worlds-q2","title":"The War of the Worlds","text":"intellects vast and cool and unsympathetic, regarded this earth with envious eyes, and slowly and surely drew their plans against us.","work":"The War of the Worlds","author":"H. G. Wells","url":"/works/the-war-of-the-worlds/#the-war-of-the-worlds-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-war-of-the-worlds-q3","title":"The War of the Worlds","text":"It’s just men and ants.","work":"The War of the Worlds","author":"H. G. Wells","url":"/works/the-war-of-the-worlds/#the-war-of-the-worlds-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-war-of-the-worlds-q4","title":"The War of the Worlds","text":"slain, after all man’s devices had failed, by the humblest things that God, in his wisdom, has put upon this earth.","work":"The War of the Worlds","author":"H. G. Wells","url":"/works/the-war-of-the-worlds/#the-war-of-the-worlds-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-war-of-the-worlds-q5","title":"The War of the Worlds","text":"By the toll of a billion deaths man has bought his birthright of the earth, and it is his against all comers","work":"The War of the Worlds","author":"H. G. Wells","url":"/works/the-war-of-the-worlds/#the-war-of-the-worlds-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-war-of-the-worlds-q6","title":"The War of the Worlds","text":"For neither do men live nor die in vain.","work":"The War of the Worlds","author":"H. G. Wells","url":"/works/the-war-of-the-worlds/#the-war-of-the-worlds-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-war-of-the-worlds-q7","title":"The War of the Worlds","text":"We have learned now that we cannot regard this planet as being fenced in and a secure abiding place for Man","work":"The War of the Worlds","author":"H. G. Wells","url":"/works/the-war-of-the-worlds/#the-war-of-the-worlds-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"eliot-the-waste-land-q1","title":"The Waste Land","text":"April is the cruellest month, breeding Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing Memory and desire, stirring Dull roots with spring rain.","work":"The Waste Land","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/eliot-the-waste-land/#eliot-the-waste-land-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"eliot-the-waste-land-q2","title":"The Waste Land","text":"I will show you fear in a handful of dust.","work":"The Waste Land","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/eliot-the-waste-land/#eliot-the-waste-land-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"eliot-the-waste-land-q3","title":"The Waste Land","text":"A crowd flowed over London Bridge, so many, I had not thought death had undone so many.","work":"The Waste Land","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/eliot-the-waste-land/#eliot-the-waste-land-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"eliot-the-waste-land-q4","title":"The Waste Land","text":"I Tiresias, though blind, throbbing between two lives","work":"The Waste Land","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/eliot-the-waste-land/#eliot-the-waste-land-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"eliot-the-waste-land-q5","title":"The Waste Land","text":"Consider Phlebas, who was once handsome and tall as you.","work":"The Waste Land","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/eliot-the-waste-land/#eliot-the-waste-land-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"eliot-the-waste-land-q6","title":"The Waste Land","text":"Who is the third who walks always beside you?","work":"The Waste Land","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/eliot-the-waste-land/#eliot-the-waste-land-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"eliot-the-waste-land-q7","title":"The Waste Land","text":"These fragments I have shored against my ruins","work":"The Waste Land","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/eliot-the-waste-land/#eliot-the-waste-land-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"eliot-the-waste-land-q8","title":"The Waste Land","text":"‘The Peace which passeth understanding’ is a feeble translation of the content of this word.","work":"The Waste Land","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/eliot-the-waste-land/#eliot-the-waste-land-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wealth-of-nations-q1","title":"The Wealth of Nations","text":"Those ten persons, therefore, could make among them upwards of forty-eight thousand pins in a day.","work":"The Wealth of Nations","author":"Adam Smith","url":"/works/the-wealth-of-nations/#the-wealth-of-nations-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wealth-of-nations-q2","title":"The Wealth of Nations","text":"the propensity to truck, barter, and exchange one thing for another.","work":"The Wealth of Nations","author":"Adam Smith","url":"/works/the-wealth-of-nations/#the-wealth-of-nations-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wealth-of-nations-q3","title":"The Wealth of Nations","text":"It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest.","work":"The Wealth of Nations","author":"Adam Smith","url":"/works/the-wealth-of-nations/#the-wealth-of-nations-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wealth-of-nations-q4","title":"The Wealth of Nations","text":"No society can surely be flourishing and happy, of which the far greater part of the members are poor and miserable.","work":"The Wealth of Nations","author":"Adam Smith","url":"/works/the-wealth-of-nations/#the-wealth-of-nations-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wealth-of-nations-q5","title":"The Wealth of Nations","text":"People of the same trade seldom meet together, even for merriment and diversion, but the conversation ends in a conspiracy against the public, or in some contrivance to raise prices.","work":"The Wealth of Nations","author":"Adam Smith","url":"/works/the-wealth-of-nations/#the-wealth-of-nations-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wealth-of-nations-q6","title":"The Wealth of Nations","text":"he intends only his own gain; and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention.","work":"The Wealth of Nations","author":"Adam Smith","url":"/works/the-wealth-of-nations/#the-wealth-of-nations-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wealth-of-nations-q7","title":"The Wealth of Nations","text":"Consumption is the sole end and purpose of all production; and the interest of the producer ought to be attended to, only so far as it may be necessary for promoting that of the consumer.","work":"The Wealth of Nations","author":"Adam Smith","url":"/works/the-wealth-of-nations/#the-wealth-of-nations-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wealth-of-nations-q8","title":"The Wealth of Nations","text":"generally becomes as stupid and ignorant as it is possible for a human creature to become.","work":"The Wealth of Nations","author":"Adam Smith","url":"/works/the-wealth-of-nations/#the-wealth-of-nations-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wind-in-the-willows-q1","title":"The Wind in the Willows","text":"The Mole had been working very hard all the morning, spring-cleaning his little home.","work":"The Wind in the Willows","author":"Kenneth Grahame","url":"/works/the-wind-in-the-willows/#the-wind-in-the-willows-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wind-in-the-willows-q2","title":"The Wind in the Willows","text":"Believe me, my young friend, there is _nothing_—absolute nothing—half so much worth doing as simply messing about in boats.","work":"The Wind in the Willows","author":"Kenneth Grahame","url":"/works/the-wind-in-the-willows/#the-wind-in-the-willows-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wind-in-the-willows-q3","title":"The Wind in the Willows","text":"Poop-poop!","work":"The Wind in the Willows","author":"Kenneth Grahame","url":"/works/the-wind-in-the-willows/#the-wind-in-the-willows-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wise-woman-q1","title":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","text":"People are so ready to think themselves changed when it is only their mood that is changed!","work":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-wise-woman/#the-wise-woman-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wise-woman-q2","title":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","text":"But there is very little indeed to be done when we will not do that which we have to do.","work":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-wise-woman/#the-wise-woman-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wise-woman-q3","title":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","text":"But the man who will do his work in spite of his fear is a man of true courage.","work":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-wise-woman/#the-wise-woman-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wise-woman-q4","title":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","text":"Until our duty becomes to us common as breathing, we are poor creatures.","work":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-wise-woman/#the-wise-woman-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wise-woman-q5","title":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","text":"There is but one true way, however, of getting out of any position we may be in, and that is, to do the work of it so well that we grow fit for a better","work":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-wise-woman/#the-wise-woman-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wise-woman-q6","title":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","text":"Whoever does what she is bound to do, be she the dirtiest little girl in the street, is a princess, worshipful, honorable.","work":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-wise-woman/#the-wise-woman-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wise-woman-q7","title":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","text":"Every time you feel you want me, that is a sign I am wanting you.","work":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-wise-woman/#the-wise-woman-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wise-woman-q8","title":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","text":"If I had not forgiven you, I would never have taken the trouble to punish you.","work":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-wise-woman/#the-wise-woman-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-witch-of-blackbird-pond-q1","title":"The Witch of Blackbird Pond","text":"Kit Tyler had been on the forecastle deck since daybreak, standing close to the rail, staring hungrily at the first sight of land for five weeks.","work":"The Witch of Blackbird Pond","author":"Elizabeth George Speare","url":"/works/the-witch-of-blackbird-pond/#the-witch-of-blackbird-pond-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-woman-in-white-q1","title":"The Woman in White","text":"This is the story of what a Woman’s patience can endure, and what a Man’s resolution can achieve.","work":"The Woman in White","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-woman-in-white/#the-woman-in-white-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-woman-in-white-q2","title":"The Woman in White","text":"There, in the middle of the broad bright high-road—there, as if it had that moment sprung out of the earth or dropped from the heaven—stood the figure of a solitary Woman, dressed from head to foot in white garments, her face bent in grave inquiry on mine, her hand pointing to the dark cloud over London, as I faced her.","work":"The Woman in White","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-woman-in-white/#the-woman-in-white-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-woman-in-white-q3","title":"The Woman in White","text":"She approached nearer—and I said to myself (with a sense of surprise which words fail me to express), The lady is ugly!","work":"The Woman in White","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-woman-in-white/#the-woman-in-white-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-woman-in-white-q4","title":"The Woman in White","text":"Men! They are the enemies of our innocence and our peace","work":"The Woman in White","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-woman-in-white/#the-woman-in-white-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-woman-in-white-q5","title":"The Woman in White","text":"The fool’s crime is the crime that is found out, and the wise man’s crime is the crime that is NOT found out.","work":"The Woman in White","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-woman-in-white/#the-woman-in-white-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-woman-in-white-q6","title":"The Woman in White","text":"I am nothing but a bundle of nerves dressed up to look like a man.","work":"The Woman in White","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-woman-in-white/#the-woman-in-white-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-woman-in-white-q7","title":"The Woman in White","text":"Sacred to the Memory of Laura, Lady Glyde","work":"The Woman in White","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-woman-in-white/#the-woman-in-white-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-woman-in-white-q8","title":"The Woman in White","text":"Marian was the good angel of our lives—let Marian end our Story.","work":"The Woman in White","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-woman-in-white/#the-woman-in-white-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz-q1","title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"There is no place like home.","work":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","author":"L. Frank Baum","url":"/works/the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz/#the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz-q2","title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"Brains are the only things worth having in this world, no matter whether one is a crow or a man.","work":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","author":"L. Frank Baum","url":"/works/the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz/#the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz-q3","title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"I shall take the heart,” returned the Tin Woodman; “for brains do not make one happy, and happiness is the best thing in the world.","work":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","author":"L. Frank Baum","url":"/works/the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz/#the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz-q4","title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"You ought to be ashamed of yourself, a big beast like you, to bite a poor little dog!","work":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","author":"L. Frank Baum","url":"/works/the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz/#the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz-q5","title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"There is no living thing that is not afraid when it faces danger. The True courage is in facing danger when you are afraid, and that kind of courage you have in plenty.","work":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","author":"L. Frank Baum","url":"/works/the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz/#the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz-q6","title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"How can I help being a humbug,” he said, “when all these people make me do things that everybody knows can’t be done?","work":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","author":"L. Frank Baum","url":"/works/the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz/#the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz-q7","title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","text":"And oh, Aunt Em! I’m so glad to be at home again!","work":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","author":"L. Frank Baum","url":"/works/the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz/#the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-world-as-will-and-representation-q1","title":"The World as Will and Representation","text":"The world is my idea:”—this is a truth which holds good for everything that lives and knows, though man alone can bring it into reflective and abstract consciousness","work":"The World as Will and Representation","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/the-world-as-will-and-representation/#the-world-as-will-and-representation-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-world-as-will-and-representation-q2","title":"The World as Will and Representation","text":"what he knows is not a sun and an earth, but only an eye that sees a sun, a hand that feels an earth","work":"The World as Will and Representation","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/the-world-as-will-and-representation/#the-world-as-will-and-representation-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-world-as-will-and-representation-q3","title":"The World as Will and Representation","text":"The act of will and the movement of the body are not two different things objectively known, which the bond of causality unites","work":"The World as Will and Representation","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/the-world-as-will-and-representation/#the-world-as-will-and-representation-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-world-as-will-and-representation-q4","title":"The World as Will and Representation","text":"Teeth, throat, and bowels are objectified hunger; the organs of generation are objectified sexual desire","work":"The World as Will and Representation","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/the-world-as-will-and-representation/#the-world-as-will-and-representation-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-world-as-will-and-representation-q5","title":"The World as Will and Representation","text":"delirium falsifies perception, madness the thoughts","work":"The World as Will and Representation","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/the-world-as-will-and-representation/#the-world-as-will-and-representation-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-world-as-will-and-representation-q6","title":"The World as Will and Representation","text":"the thread of memory is broken, the continuity of its connection destroyed, and no uniformly connected recollection of the past is possible","work":"The World as Will and Representation","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/the-world-as-will-and-representation/#the-world-as-will-and-representation-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-world-as-will-and-representation-q7","title":"The World as Will and Representation","text":"terrified Nature seizes upon _madness_ as the last resource of life","work":"The World as Will and Representation","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/the-world-as-will-and-representation/#the-world-as-will-and-representation-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-world-as-will-and-representation-q8","title":"The World as Will and Representation","text":"we keep the Sabbath of the penal servitude of willing; the wheel of Ixion stands still","work":"The World as Will and Representation","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/the-world-as-will-and-representation/#the-world-as-will-and-representation-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-world-as-will-and-representation-q9","title":"The World as Will and Representation","text":"music is the language of feeling and of passion, as words are the language of reason","work":"The World as Will and Representation","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/the-world-as-will-and-representation/#the-world-as-will-and-representation-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-world-as-will-and-representation-q10","title":"The World as Will and Representation","text":"Thus its life swings like a pendulum backwards and forwards between pain and ennui","work":"The World as Will and Representation","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/the-world-as-will-and-representation/#the-world-as-will-and-representation-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-world-as-will-and-representation-q11","title":"The World as Will and Representation","text":"All satisfaction, or what is commonly called happiness, is always really and essentially only _negative_, and never positive","work":"The World as Will and Representation","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/the-world-as-will-and-representation/#the-world-as-will-and-representation-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-world-as-will-and-representation-q12","title":"The World as Will and Representation","text":"Far from being denial of the will, suicide is a phenomenon of strong assertion of will","work":"The World as Will and Representation","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/the-world-as-will-and-representation/#the-world-as-will-and-representation-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"the-world-as-will-and-representation-q13","title":"The World as Will and Representation","text":"It is starvation, voluntarily chosen on the ground of extreme asceticism","work":"The World as Will and Representation","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/the-world-as-will-and-representation/#the-world-as-will-and-representation-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"their-finest-hour-q1","title":"Their Finest Hour","text":"if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say, 'This was their finest hour.'","work":"Their Finest Hour","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/their-finest-hour/#their-finest-hour-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography-q1","title":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","text":"My father, Theodore Roosevelt, was the best man I ever knew.","work":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography/#theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography-q2","title":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","text":"I was a sickly, delicate boy, suffered much from asthma, and frequently had to be taken away on trips to find a place where I could breathe.","work":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography/#theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography-q3","title":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","text":"I had no idea how beautiful the world was until I got those spectacles.","work":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography/#theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography-q4","title":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","text":"There were all kinds of things of which I was afraid at first, ranging from grizzly bears to \"mean\" horses and gun-fighters; but by acting as if I was not afraid I gradually ceased to be afraid.","work":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography/#theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography-q5","title":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","text":"But life is a great adventure, and the worst of all fears is the fear of living.","work":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography/#theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography-q6","title":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","text":"every executive officer, and above all every executive officer in high position, was a steward of the people bound actively and affirmatively to do all he could for the people","work":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography/#theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography-q7","title":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","text":"When I say \"Square deal,\" I mean a square deal to every one","work":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography/#theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography-q8","title":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","text":"The only safe rule is to promise little, and faithfully to keep every promise; to \"speak softly and carry a big stick.\"","work":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography/#theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days-q1","title":"Theogony and Works and Days","text":"Only Hope remained there in an unbreakable home within under the rim of the great jar, and did not fly out at the door","work":"Theogony and Works and Days","author":"Hesiod","url":"/works/hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days/#hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days-q2","title":"Theogony and Works and Days","text":"Of themselves diseases come upon men continually by day and by night, bringing mischief to mortals silently; for wise Zeus took away speech from them.","work":"Theogony and Works and Days","author":"Hesiod","url":"/works/hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days/#hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days-q3","title":"Theogony and Works and Days","text":"Badness can be got easily and in shoals: the road to her is smooth, and she lives very near us. But between us and Goodness the gods have placed the sweat of our brows: long and steep is the path that leads to her, and it is rough at the first","work":"Theogony and Works and Days","author":"Hesiod","url":"/works/hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days/#hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days-q4","title":"Theogony and Works and Days","text":"Work is no disgrace: it is idleness which is a disgrace.","work":"Theogony and Works and Days","author":"Hesiod","url":"/works/hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days/#hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days-q5","title":"Theogony and Works and Days","text":"Observe due measure: and proportion is best in all things.","work":"Theogony and Works and Days","author":"Hesiod","url":"/works/hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days/#hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days-q6","title":"Theogony and Works and Days","text":"we know how to speak many false things as though they were true; but we know, when we will, to utter true things.","work":"Theogony and Works and Days","author":"Hesiod","url":"/works/hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days/#hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days-q7","title":"Theogony and Works and Days","text":"For though a man have sorrow and grief in his newly-troubled soul and live in dread because his heart is distressed, yet, when a singer, the servant of the Muses, chants the glorious deeds of men of old and the blessed gods who inhabit Olympus, at once he forgets his heaviness and remembers not his sorrows at all","work":"Theogony and Works and Days","author":"Hesiod","url":"/works/hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days/#hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days-q8","title":"Theogony and Works and Days","text":"Verily at the first Chaos came to be, but next wide-bosomed Earth, the ever-sure foundations of all","work":"Theogony and Works and Days","author":"Hesiod","url":"/works/hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days/#hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"this-side-of-paradise-q1","title":"This Side of Paradise","text":"Amory Blaine inherited from his mother every trait, except the stray inexpressible few, that made him worth while.","work":"This Side of Paradise","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/this-side-of-paradise/#this-side-of-paradise-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"this-side-of-paradise-q2","title":"This Side of Paradise","text":"After the operation Beatrice had a nervous breakdown that bore a suspicious resemblance to delirium tremens","work":"This Side of Paradise","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/this-side-of-paradise/#this-side-of-paradise-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"this-side-of-paradise-q3","title":"This Side of Paradise","text":"I’m a cynical idealist.","work":"This Side of Paradise","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/this-side-of-paradise/#this-side-of-paradise-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"this-side-of-paradise-q4","title":"This Side of Paradise","text":"Now a personage, on the other hand, gathers. He is never thought of apart from what he’s done.","work":"This Side of Paradise","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/this-side-of-paradise/#this-side-of-paradise-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"this-side-of-paradise-q5","title":"This Side of Paradise","text":"The education of all beautiful women is the knowledge of men.","work":"This Side of Paradise","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/this-side-of-paradise/#this-side-of-paradise-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"this-side-of-paradise-q6","title":"This Side of Paradise","text":"The advent of prohibition with the “thirsty-first” put a sudden stop to the submerging of Amory’s sorrows","work":"This Side of Paradise","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/this-side-of-paradise/#this-side-of-paradise-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"this-side-of-paradise-q7","title":"This Side of Paradise","text":"a new generation dedicated more than the last to the fear of poverty and the worship of success; grown up to find all Gods dead, all wars fought, all faiths in man shaken","work":"This Side of Paradise","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/this-side-of-paradise/#this-side-of-paradise-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"this-side-of-paradise-q8","title":"This Side of Paradise","text":"“I know myself,” he cried, “but that is all.”","work":"This Side of Paradise","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/this-side-of-paradise/#this-side-of-paradise-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"through-the-looking-glass-q1","title":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","text":"’Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe.","work":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/through-the-looking-glass/#through-the-looking-glass-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"through-the-looking-glass-q2","title":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","text":"If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at least twice as fast as that!","work":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/through-the-looking-glass/#through-the-looking-glass-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"through-the-looking-glass-q3","title":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","text":"‘The time has come,’ the Walrus said, ‘To talk of many things: Of shoes—and ships—and sealing-wax— Of cabbages—and kings— And why the sea is boiling hot— And whether pigs have wings.’","work":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/through-the-looking-glass/#through-the-looking-glass-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"through-the-looking-glass-q4","title":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","text":"The rule is, jam to-morrow and jam yesterday—but never jam to-day.","work":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/through-the-looking-glass/#through-the-looking-glass-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"through-the-looking-glass-q5","title":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","text":"It’s a poor sort of memory that only works backwards","work":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/through-the-looking-glass/#through-the-looking-glass-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"through-the-looking-glass-q6","title":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","text":"Why, sometimes I’ve believed as many as six impossible things before breakfast.","work":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/through-the-looking-glass/#through-the-looking-glass-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"through-the-looking-glass-q7","title":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","text":"it means just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less.","work":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/through-the-looking-glass/#through-the-looking-glass-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"through-the-looking-glass-q8","title":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","text":"which is to be master—that’s all.","work":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/through-the-looking-glass/#through-the-looking-glass-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"through-the-looking-glass-q9","title":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","text":"Life, what is it but a dream?","work":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/through-the-looking-glass/#through-the-looking-glass-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra-q1","title":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","text":"Could it be possible! This old saint in the forest hath not yet heard of it, that GOD IS DEAD","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#thus-spoke-zarathustra-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra-q2","title":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","text":"I TEACH YOU THE SUPERMAN. Man is something that is to be surpassed. What have ye done to surpass man","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#thus-spoke-zarathustra-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra-q3","title":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","text":"Man is a rope stretched between the animal and the Superman—a rope over an abyss","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#thus-spoke-zarathustra-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra-q4","title":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","text":"I tell you: one must still have chaos in one, to give birth to a dancing star","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#thus-spoke-zarathustra-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra-q5","title":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","text":"A little poison now and then: that maketh pleasant dreams. And much poison at last for a pleasant death","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#thus-spoke-zarathustra-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra-q6","title":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","text":"No small art is it to sleep: it is necessary for that purpose to keep awake all day","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#thus-spoke-zarathustra-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra-q7","title":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","text":"Behind thy thoughts and feelings, my brother, there is a mighty lord, an unknown sage—it is called Self; it dwelleth in thy body, it is thy body","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#thus-spoke-zarathustra-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra-q8","title":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","text":"The streak of chalk bewitcheth the hen; the stroke he struck bewitched his weak reason. Madness AFTER the deed, I call this","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#thus-spoke-zarathustra-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra-q9","title":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","text":"Die at the right time: so teacheth Zarathustra","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#thus-spoke-zarathustra-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra-q10","title":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","text":"Physician, heal thyself: then wilt thou also heal thy patient","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#thus-spoke-zarathustra-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra-q11","title":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","text":"It was”: thus is the Will’s teeth-gnashing and lonesomest tribulation called","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#thus-spoke-zarathustra-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra-q12","title":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","text":"The shepherd however bit as my cry had admonished him; he bit with a strong bite! Far away did he spit the head of the serpent—: and sprang up","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#thus-spoke-zarathustra-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra-q13","title":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","text":"For singing is for the convalescent; the sound ones may talk","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#thus-spoke-zarathustra-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra-q14","title":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","text":"How long have I investigated this one thing, the brain of the leech, so that here the slippery truth might no longer slip from me","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#thus-spoke-zarathustra-q14"},{"type":"quote","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra-q15","title":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","text":"Was THAT—life?’ will I say unto death. ‘Well! Once more","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#thus-spoke-zarathustra-q15"},{"type":"quote","id":"till-we-have-faces-q1","title":"Till We Have Faces","text":"How can they meet us face to face till we have faces?","work":"Till We Have Faces","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/till-we-have-faces/#till-we-have-faces-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"till-we-have-faces-q2","title":"Till We Have Faces","text":"I know now, Lord, why you utter no answer. You are yourself the answer.","work":"Till We Have Faces","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/till-we-have-faces/#till-we-have-faces-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"timaeus-q1","title":"Timaeus","text":"The soul was first made by him—the elder to rule the younger; not in the order in which our wayward fancy has led us to describe them, but the soul first and afterwards the body","work":"Timaeus","author":"Plato","url":"/works/timaeus/#timaeus-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"tinker-v-des-moines-q1","title":"Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District","text":"It can hardly be argued that either students or teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate.","work":"Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tinker-v-des-moines/#tinker-v-des-moines-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"tinker-v-des-moines-q2","title":"Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District","text":"But, in our system, undifferentiated fear or apprehension of disturbance is not enough to overcome the right to freedom of expression.","work":"Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tinker-v-des-moines/#tinker-v-des-moines-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"tinker-v-des-moines-q3","title":"Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District","text":"In our system, state-operated schools may not be enclaves of totalitarianism.","work":"Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tinker-v-des-moines/#tinker-v-des-moines-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"tinker-v-des-moines-q4","title":"Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District","text":"It may be that the Nation has outworn the old-fashioned slogan that \"children are to be seen not heard,\" but one may, I hope, be permitted to harbor the thought that taxpayers send children to school on the premise that at their age they need to learn, not teach.","work":"Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tinker-v-des-moines/#tinker-v-des-moines-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"tinker-v-des-moines-q5","title":"Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District","text":"Uncontrolled and uncontrollable liberty is an enemy to domestic peace.","work":"Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tinker-v-des-moines/#tinker-v-des-moines-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"tinker-v-des-moines-q6","title":"Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District","text":"School discipline, like parental discipline, is an integral and important part of training our children to be good citizens—to be better citizens.","work":"Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tinker-v-des-moines/#tinker-v-des-moines-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"to-kill-a-mockingbird-q1","title":"To Kill a Mockingbird","text":"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view","work":"To Kill a Mockingbird","author":"Harper Lee","url":"/works/to-kill-a-mockingbird/#to-kill-a-mockingbird-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"to-kill-a-mockingbird-q2","title":"To Kill a Mockingbird","text":"remember it's a sin to kill a mockingbird","work":"To Kill a Mockingbird","author":"Harper Lee","url":"/works/to-kill-a-mockingbird/#to-kill-a-mockingbird-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis-q1","title":"Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis","text":"The question whether a statute creates a cause of action, either expressly or by implication, is basically a matter of statutory construction.","work":"Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis/#transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis-q2","title":"Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis","text":"By declaring certain contracts void, § 215 by its terms necessarily contemplates that the issue of voidness under its criteria may be litigated somewhere.","work":"Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis/#transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis-q3","title":"Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis","text":"Yet it is an elemental canon of statutory construction that where a statute expressly provides a particular remedy or remedies, a court must be chary of reading others into it.","work":"Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis/#transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis-q4","title":"Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis","text":"For the reasons stated in this opinion, we hold that there exists a limited private remedy under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 to void an investment advisers contract, but that the Act confers no other private causes of action, legal or equitable.","work":"Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis/#transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis-q5","title":"Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis","text":"I join the Court's opinion, which I view as compatible with my dissent in Cannon v. University of Chicago","work":"Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis/#transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis-q6","title":"Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis","text":"By resurrecting distinctions between legal and equitable relief, the Court reaches a result that, as all parties to this litigation agree, can only be considered anomalous.","work":"Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis/#transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"huygens-treatise-on-light-q1","title":"Treatise on Light","text":"here the Principles are verified by the conclusions to be drawn from them; the nature of these things not allowing of this being done otherwise.","work":"Treatise on Light","author":"Christiaan Huygens","url":"/works/huygens-treatise-on-light/#huygens-treatise-on-light-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"huygens-treatise-on-light-q2","title":"Treatise on Light","text":"I hope also that there will be some who by following these beginnings will penetrate much further into this question than I have been able to do, since the subject must be far from being exhausted.","work":"Treatise on Light","author":"Christiaan Huygens","url":"/works/huygens-treatise-on-light/#huygens-treatise-on-light-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"huygens-treatise-on-light-q3","title":"Treatise on Light","text":"It is inconceivable to doubt that light consists in the motion of some sort of matter.","work":"Treatise on Light","author":"Christiaan Huygens","url":"/works/huygens-treatise-on-light/#huygens-treatise-on-light-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"huygens-treatise-on-light-q4","title":"Treatise on Light","text":"for I call them waves from their resemblance to those which are seen to be formed in water when a stone is thrown into it","work":"Treatise on Light","author":"Christiaan Huygens","url":"/works/huygens-treatise-on-light/#huygens-treatise-on-light-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"huygens-treatise-on-light-q5","title":"Treatise on Light","text":"hence the velocity of Light is more than six hundred thousand times greater than that of Sound. This, however, is quite another thing from being instantaneous, since there is all the difference between a finite thing and an infinite.","work":"Treatise on Light","author":"Christiaan Huygens","url":"/works/huygens-treatise-on-light/#huygens-treatise-on-light-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"huygens-treatise-on-light-q6","title":"Treatise on Light","text":"So it arises that around each particle there is made a wave of which that particle is the centre.","work":"Treatise on Light","author":"Christiaan Huygens","url":"/works/huygens-treatise-on-light/#huygens-treatise-on-light-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"huygens-treatise-on-light-q7","title":"Treatise on Light","text":"For though I have not been able till now to find its cause, I do not for that reason wish to desist from describing it, in order to give opportunity to others to investigate it.","work":"Treatise on Light","author":"Christiaan Huygens","url":"/works/huygens-treatise-on-light/#huygens-treatise-on-light-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"troilus-and-criseyde-q1","title":"Troilus and Criseyde","text":"The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen","work":"Troilus and Criseyde","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/troilus-and-criseyde/#troilus-and-criseyde-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"dartmouth-college-v-woodward-q1","title":"Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward","text":"A corporation is an artificial being, invisible, intangible, and existing only in contemplation of law.","work":"Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dartmouth-college-v-woodward/#dartmouth-college-v-woodward-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"dartmouth-college-v-woodward-q2","title":"Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward","text":"The opinion of the court, after mature deliberation, is, that this is a contract, the obligation of which cannot be impaired, without violating the constitution of the United States.","work":"Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dartmouth-college-v-woodward/#dartmouth-college-v-woodward-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"dartmouth-college-v-woodward-q3","title":"Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward","text":"This is plainly a contract to which the donors, the trustees and the crown (to whose rights and obligations New Hampshire succeeds) were the original parties.","work":"Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dartmouth-college-v-woodward/#dartmouth-college-v-woodward-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"dartmouth-college-v-woodward-q4","title":"Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward","text":"Taken in its broad, unlimited sense, the clause would be an unprofitable and vexatious interference with the internal concerns of a state","work":"Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dartmouth-college-v-woodward/#dartmouth-college-v-woodward-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"dartmouth-college-v-woodward-q5","title":"Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward","text":"It is more than possible, that the preservation of rights of this description was not particularly in the view of the framers of the constitution, when the clause under consideration was introduced into that instrument.","work":"Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dartmouth-college-v-woodward/#dartmouth-college-v-woodward-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"dartmouth-college-v-woodward-q6","title":"Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward","text":"These eleemosynary institutions do not fill the place, which would otherwise be occupied by government, but that which would otherwise remain vacant.","work":"Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dartmouth-college-v-woodward/#dartmouth-college-v-woodward-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"tsc-industries-v-northway-q1","title":"TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.","text":"The question of materiality, it is universally agreed, is an objective one, involving the significance of an omitted or misrepresented fact to a reasonable investor.","work":"TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tsc-industries-v-northway/#tsc-industries-v-northway-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"tsc-industries-v-northway-q2","title":"TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.","text":"Some information is of such dubious significance that insistence on its disclosure may accomplish more harm than good.","work":"TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tsc-industries-v-northway/#tsc-industries-v-northway-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"tsc-industries-v-northway-q3","title":"TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.","text":"management's fear of exposing itself to substantial liability may cause it simply to bury the shareholders in an avalanche of trivial information a result that is hardly conducive to informed decisionmaking.","work":"TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tsc-industries-v-northway/#tsc-industries-v-northway-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"tsc-industries-v-northway-q4","title":"TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.","text":"An omitted fact is material if there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable shareholder would consider it important in deciding how to vote.","work":"TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tsc-industries-v-northway/#tsc-industries-v-northway-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"tsc-industries-v-northway-q5","title":"TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.","text":"Put another way, there must be a substantial likelihood that the disclosure of the omitted fact would have been viewed by the reasonable investor as having significantly altered the \"total mix\" of information made available.","work":"TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tsc-industries-v-northway/#tsc-industries-v-northway-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"tsc-industries-v-northway-q6","title":"TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.","text":"The issue of materiality may be characterized as a mixed question of law and fact, involving as it does the application of a legal standard to a particular set of facts.","work":"TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tsc-industries-v-northway/#tsc-industries-v-northway-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"twelfth-night-q1","title":"Twelfth Night","text":"Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon ’em","work":"Twelfth Night","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/twelfth-night/#twelfth-night-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea-q1","title":"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea","text":"I am not what you call a civilised man! I have done with society entirely, for reasons which I alone have the right of appreciating.","work":"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea","author":"Jules Verne","url":"/works/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea/#twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea-q2","title":"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea","text":"The sea is everything. It covers seven-tenths of the terrestrial globe. Its breath is pure and healthy. It is an immense desert, where man is never lonely, for he feels life stirring on all sides.","work":"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea","author":"Jules Verne","url":"/works/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea/#twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea-q3","title":"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea","text":"Yes, forgotten by all else, but not by us. We dug the grave, and the polypi undertake to seal our dead for eternity.","work":"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea","author":"Jules Verne","url":"/works/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea/#twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea-q4","title":"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea","text":"That Indian, sir, is an inhabitant of an oppressed country; and I am still, and shall be, to my last breath, one of them!","work":"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea","author":"Jules Verne","url":"/works/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea/#twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea-q5","title":"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea","text":"I am the law, and I am the judge! I am the oppressed, and there is the oppressor! Through him I have lost all that I loved, cherished, and venerated","work":"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea","author":"Jules Verne","url":"/works/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea/#twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea-q6","title":"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea","text":"Almighty God! enough! enough!","work":"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea","author":"Jules Verne","url":"/works/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea/#twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea-q7","title":"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea","text":"May the judge disappear, and the philosopher continue the peaceful exploration of the sea!","work":"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea","author":"Jules Verne","url":"/works/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea/#twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"twenty-years-at-hull-house-q1","title":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","text":"I dreamed night after night that every one in the world was dead excepting myself, and that upon me rested the responsibility of making a wagon wheel.","work":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","author":"Jane Addams","url":"/works/twenty-years-at-hull-house/#twenty-years-at-hull-house-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"twenty-years-at-hull-house-q2","title":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","text":"people might be equal in things that mattered much more than clothes, the affairs of education and religion","work":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","author":"Jane Addams","url":"/works/twenty-years-at-hull-house/#twenty-years-at-hull-house-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"twenty-years-at-hull-house-q3","title":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","text":"his impressive statement that the greatest man in the world had died","work":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","author":"Jane Addams","url":"/works/twenty-years-at-hull-house/#twenty-years-at-hull-house-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"twenty-years-at-hull-house-q4","title":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","text":"It is easy to become the dupe of a deferred purpose, of the promise the future can never keep","work":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","author":"Jane Addams","url":"/works/twenty-years-at-hull-house/#twenty-years-at-hull-house-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"twenty-years-at-hull-house-q5","title":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","text":"The Settlement then, is an experimental effort to aid in the solution of the social and industrial problems which are engendered by the modern conditions of life in a great city.","work":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","author":"Jane Addams","url":"/works/twenty-years-at-hull-house/#twenty-years-at-hull-house-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"twenty-years-at-hull-house-q6","title":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","text":"if it were a womanly task to go about in tenement houses in order to nurse the sick, it might be quite as womanly to go through the same district in order to prevent the breeding of so-called \"filth diseases.\"","work":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","author":"Jane Addams","url":"/works/twenty-years-at-hull-house/#twenty-years-at-hull-house-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"twenty-years-at-hull-house-q7","title":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","text":"the common stock of intellectual enjoyment should not be difficult of access because of the economic position of him who would approach it","work":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","author":"Jane Addams","url":"/works/twenty-years-at-hull-house/#twenty-years-at-hull-house-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"twilight-of-the-idols-q1","title":"Twilight of the Idols","text":"That which does not kill me, makes me stronger","work":"Twilight of the Idols","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/twilight-of-the-idols/#twilight-of-the-idols-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"tennyson-ulysses-q1","title":"Ulysses","text":"I cannot rest from travel: I will drink Life to the lees","work":"Ulysses","author":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","url":"/works/tennyson-ulysses/#tennyson-ulysses-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"tennyson-ulysses-q2","title":"Ulysses","text":"I am a part of all that I have met;","work":"Ulysses","author":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","url":"/works/tennyson-ulysses/#tennyson-ulysses-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"tennyson-ulysses-q3","title":"Ulysses","text":"To rust unburnish’d, not to shine in use! As tho’ to breathe were life.","work":"Ulysses","author":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","url":"/works/tennyson-ulysses/#tennyson-ulysses-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"tennyson-ulysses-q4","title":"Ulysses","text":"To follow knowledge, like a sinking star, Beyond the utmost bound of human thought.","work":"Ulysses","author":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","url":"/works/tennyson-ulysses/#tennyson-ulysses-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"tennyson-ulysses-q5","title":"Ulysses","text":"Old age hath yet his honour and his toil; Death closes all; but something ere the end, Some work of noble note, may yet be done, Not unbecoming men that strove with Gods.","work":"Ulysses","author":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","url":"/works/tennyson-ulysses/#tennyson-ulysses-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"tennyson-ulysses-q6","title":"Ulysses","text":"The long day wanes: the slow moon climbs: the deep Moans round with many voices. Come, my friends, ’Tis not too late to seek a newer world.","work":"Ulysses","author":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","url":"/works/tennyson-ulysses/#tennyson-ulysses-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"tennyson-ulysses-q7","title":"Ulysses","text":"Tho’ much is taken, much abides; and tho’ We are not now that strength which in old days Moved earth and heaven; that which we are, we are; One equal temper of heroic hearts, Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.","work":"Ulysses","author":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","url":"/works/tennyson-ulysses/#tennyson-ulysses-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"unbroken-q1","title":"Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption","text":"Dignity is as essential to human life as water, food, and oxygen.","work":"Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption","author":"Laura Hillenbrand","url":"/works/unbroken/#unbroken-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"unbroken-q2","title":"Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption","text":"In bewilderment, the men who had abused him watched him come to them, his hands extended, a radiant smile on his face.","work":"Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption","author":"Laura Hillenbrand","url":"/works/unbroken/#unbroken-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"uncle-toms-cabin-q1","title":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","text":"But now I’m a free man, standing on God’s free soil; and my wife and my child I claim as mine.","work":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","author":"Harriet Beecher Stowe","url":"/works/uncle-toms-cabin/#uncle-toms-cabin-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"uncle-toms-cabin-q2","title":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","text":"I spect I grow’d. Don’t think nobody never made me.","work":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","author":"Harriet Beecher Stowe","url":"/works/uncle-toms-cabin/#uncle-toms-cabin-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"uncle-toms-cabin-q3","title":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","text":"Whipping and abuse are like laudanum; you have to double the dose as the sensibilities decline.","work":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","author":"Harriet Beecher Stowe","url":"/works/uncle-toms-cabin/#uncle-toms-cabin-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"uncle-toms-cabin-q4","title":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","text":"I can love you; I do, and I’ll try to help you to grow up a good Christian girl.","work":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","author":"Harriet Beecher Stowe","url":"/works/uncle-toms-cabin/#uncle-toms-cabin-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"uncle-toms-cabin-q5","title":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","text":"No! no! no! my soul an’t yours, Mas’r! You haven’t bought it,—ye can’t buy it! It’s been bought and paid for, by one that is able to keep it","work":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","author":"Harriet Beecher Stowe","url":"/works/uncle-toms-cabin/#uncle-toms-cabin-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"uncle-toms-cabin-q6","title":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","text":"there ain’t no more ye can do! I forgive ye, with all my soul!","work":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","author":"Harriet Beecher Stowe","url":"/works/uncle-toms-cabin/#uncle-toms-cabin-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"uncle-toms-cabin-q7","title":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","text":"Who,—who,—who shall separate us from the love of Christ?","work":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","author":"Harriet Beecher Stowe","url":"/works/uncle-toms-cabin/#uncle-toms-cabin-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"uncle-toms-cabin-q8","title":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","text":"Not by combining together, to protect injustice and cruelty, and making a common capital of sin, is this Union to be saved,—but by repentance, justice and mercy","work":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","author":"Harriet Beecher Stowe","url":"/works/uncle-toms-cabin/#uncle-toms-cabin-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"chekhov-uncle-vanya-q1","title":"Uncle Vanya","text":"will our descendants two hundred years from now, for whom we are breaking the road, remember to give us a kind word?","work":"Uncle Vanya","author":"Anton Chekhov","url":"/works/chekhov-uncle-vanya/#chekhov-uncle-vanya-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"chekhov-uncle-vanya-q2","title":"Uncle Vanya","text":"Man is forgetful, but God remembers.","work":"Uncle Vanya","author":"Anton Chekhov","url":"/works/chekhov-uncle-vanya/#chekhov-uncle-vanya-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"chekhov-uncle-vanya-q3","title":"Uncle Vanya","text":"Man is endowed with reason and the power to create, so that he may increase that which has been given him, but until now he has not created, but demolished.","work":"Uncle Vanya","author":"Anton Chekhov","url":"/works/chekhov-uncle-vanya/#chekhov-uncle-vanya-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"chekhov-uncle-vanya-q4","title":"Uncle Vanya","text":"A human being should be entirely beautiful: the face, the clothes, the mind, the thoughts.","work":"Uncle Vanya","author":"Anton Chekhov","url":"/works/chekhov-uncle-vanya/#chekhov-uncle-vanya-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"chekhov-uncle-vanya-q5","title":"Uncle Vanya","text":"If I had lived a normal life I might have become another Schopenhauer or Dostoieffski.","work":"Uncle Vanya","author":"Anton Chekhov","url":"/works/chekhov-uncle-vanya/#chekhov-uncle-vanya-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"chekhov-uncle-vanya-q6","title":"Uncle Vanya","text":"we shall patiently bear the trials that fate imposes on us; we shall work for others without rest, both now and when we are old","work":"Uncle Vanya","author":"Anton Chekhov","url":"/works/chekhov-uncle-vanya/#chekhov-uncle-vanya-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"chekhov-uncle-vanya-q7","title":"Uncle Vanya","text":"We shall rest. We shall hear the angels. We shall see heaven shining like a jewel.","work":"Uncle Vanya","author":"Anton Chekhov","url":"/works/chekhov-uncle-vanya/#chekhov-uncle-vanya-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"understood-betsy-q1","title":"Understood Betsy","text":"It’s not right or left that matters!","work":"Understood Betsy","author":"Dorothy Canfield Fisher","url":"/works/understood-betsy/#understood-betsy-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"understood-betsy-q2","title":"Understood Betsy","text":"I think it’s going to be real nice, having a little girl in the house again.","work":"Understood Betsy","author":"Dorothy Canfield Fisher","url":"/works/understood-betsy/#understood-betsy-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"understood-betsy-q3","title":"Understood Betsy","text":"YOU aren’t any grade at all, no matter where you are in school. You’re just yourself, aren’t you?","work":"Understood Betsy","author":"Dorothy Canfield Fisher","url":"/works/understood-betsy/#understood-betsy-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"understood-betsy-q4","title":"Understood Betsy","text":"I guess Hemlock Mountain will stand right there just the same even if you did forget to put a b in ‘doubt.’","work":"Understood Betsy","author":"Dorothy Canfield Fisher","url":"/works/understood-betsy/#understood-betsy-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"understood-betsy-q5","title":"Understood Betsy","text":"What would Cousin Ann do if she were here? She wouldn’t cry. She would THINK of something.","work":"Understood Betsy","author":"Dorothy Canfield Fisher","url":"/works/understood-betsy/#understood-betsy-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"understood-betsy-q6","title":"Understood Betsy","text":"You didn’t do it to help ’Lias. You did it to have him grateful to you.","work":"Understood Betsy","author":"Dorothy Canfield Fisher","url":"/works/understood-betsy/#understood-betsy-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"understood-betsy-q7","title":"Understood Betsy","text":"Not a thing had happened the way she had planned; no, not a single thing! But it seemed to her she had never been so happy in her life.","work":"Understood Betsy","author":"Dorothy Canfield Fisher","url":"/works/understood-betsy/#understood-betsy-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"understood-betsy-q8","title":"Understood Betsy","text":"That room was full to the brim of something beautiful, and Betsy knew what it was. Its name was Happiness.","work":"Understood Betsy","author":"Dorothy Canfield Fisher","url":"/works/understood-betsy/#understood-betsy-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"united-states-v-nixon-q1","title":"United States v. Nixon","text":"Many decisions of this Court, however, have unequivocally reaffirmed the holding of Marbury v. Madison, 1 Cranch 137 (1803), that \"[i]t is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is.\"","work":"United States v. Nixon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-nixon/#united-states-v-nixon-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"united-states-v-nixon-q2","title":"United States v. Nixon","text":"However, neither the doctrine of separation of powers nor the need for confidentiality of high-level communications, without more, can sustain an absolute, unqualified Presidential privilege of immunity from judicial process under all circumstances.","work":"United States v. Nixon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-nixon/#united-states-v-nixon-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"united-states-v-nixon-q3","title":"United States v. Nixon","text":"These are the considerations justifying a presumptive privilege for Presidential communications. The privilege is fundamental to the operation of Government, and inextricably rooted in the separation of powers under the Constitution.","work":"United States v. Nixon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-nixon/#united-states-v-nixon-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"united-states-v-nixon-q4","title":"United States v. Nixon","text":"While the Constitution diffuses power the better to secure liberty, it also contemplate that practice will integrate the dispersed powers into a workable government. It enjoins upon its branches separateness but interdependence, autonomy but reciprocity.","work":"United States v. Nixon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-nixon/#united-states-v-nixon-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"united-states-v-nixon-q5","title":"United States v. Nixon","text":"The generalized assertion of privilege must yield to the demonstrated, specific need for evidence in a pending criminal trial.","work":"United States v. Nixon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-nixon/#united-states-v-nixon-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"united-states-v-ohagan-q1","title":"United States v. O'Hagan","text":"Under this theory, a fiduciary's undisclosed, self-serving use of a principal's information to purchase or sell securities, in breach of a duty of loyalty and confidentiality, defrauds the principal of the exclusive use of that information.","work":"United States v. O'Hagan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-ohagan/#united-states-v-ohagan-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"united-states-v-ohagan-q2","title":"United States v. O'Hagan","text":"Because the deception essential to the misappropriation theory involves feigning fidelity to the source of information, if the fiduciary discloses to the source that he plans to trade on the nonpublic information, there is no \"deceptive device'' and thus no §10(b) violation-although the fiduciary-turned-trader may remain liable under state law for breach of a duty of loyalty.","work":"United States v. O'Hagan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-ohagan/#united-states-v-ohagan-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"united-states-v-ohagan-q3","title":"United States v. O'Hagan","text":"The theory is also well-tuned to an animating purpose of the Exchange Act: to insure honest securities markets and thereby promote investor confidence.","work":"United States v. O'Hagan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-ohagan/#united-states-v-ohagan-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"united-states-v-ohagan-q4","title":"United States v. O'Hagan","text":"Although informational disparity is inevitable in the securities markets, investors likely would hesitate to venture their capital in a market where trading based on misappropriated nonpublic information is unchecked by law.","work":"United States v. O'Hagan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-ohagan/#united-states-v-ohagan-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"united-states-v-ohagan-q5","title":"United States v. O'Hagan","text":"it makes scant sense to hold a lawyer like O'Hagan a §10(b) violator if he works for a law firm representing the target of a tender offer, but not if he works for a law firm representing the bidder.","work":"United States v. O'Hagan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-ohagan/#united-states-v-ohagan-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"united-states-v-ohagan-q6","title":"United States v. O'Hagan","text":"Because the Commission's misappropriation theory fails to provide a coherent and consistent interpretation of this essential requirement for liability under §10(b), I dissent.","work":"United States v. O'Hagan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-ohagan/#united-states-v-ohagan-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"united-states-v-wong-kim-ark-q1","title":"United States v. Wong Kim Ark","text":"the Fourteenth Amendment affirms the ancient and fundamental rule of citizenship by birth within the territory, in the allegiance and under the protection of the country, including all children here born of resident aliens","work":"United States v. Wong Kim Ark","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-wong-kim-ark/#united-states-v-wong-kim-ark-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"united-states-v-wong-kim-ark-q2","title":"United States v. Wong Kim Ark","text":"The Amendment, in clear words and in manifest intent, includes the children born, within the territory of the United States, of all other persons, of whatever race or color, domiciled within the United States.","work":"United States v. Wong Kim Ark","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-wong-kim-ark/#united-states-v-wong-kim-ark-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"united-states-v-wong-kim-ark-q3","title":"United States v. Wong Kim Ark","text":"To hold that the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution excludes from citizenship the children, born in the United States, of citizens or subjects of other countries would be to deny citizenship to thousands of persons of English, Scotch, Irish, German, or other European parentage who have always been considered and treated as citizens of the United States.","work":"United States v. Wong Kim Ark","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-wong-kim-ark/#united-states-v-wong-kim-ark-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"united-states-v-wong-kim-ark-q4","title":"United States v. Wong Kim Ark","text":"Whatever considerations, in the absence of a controlling provision of the Constitution, might influence the legislative or the executive branch of the Government to decline to admit persons of the Chinese race to the status of citizens of the United States, there are none that can constrain or permit the judiciary to refuse to give full effect to the peremptory and explicit language of the Fourteenth Amendment","work":"United States v. Wong Kim Ark","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-wong-kim-ark/#united-states-v-wong-kim-ark-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"united-states-v-wong-kim-ark-q5","title":"United States v. Wong Kim Ark","text":"Nationality is essentially a political idea, and belongs to the sphere of public law.","work":"United States v. Wong Kim Ark","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-wong-kim-ark/#united-states-v-wong-kim-ark-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"united-states-v-wong-kim-ark-q6","title":"United States v. Wong Kim Ark","text":"The framers of the Constitution were familiar with the distinctions between the Roman law and the feudal law, between obligations based on territoriality and those based on the personal and invisible character of origin, and there is nothing to show that, in the matter of nationality, they intended to adhere to principles derived from regal government, which they had just assisted in overthrowing.","work":"United States v. Wong Kim Ark","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-wong-kim-ark/#united-states-v-wong-kim-ark-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"up-from-slavery-q1","title":"Up from Slavery","text":"I was born a slave on a plantation in Franklin County, Virginia.","work":"Up from Slavery","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/up-from-slavery/#up-from-slavery-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"up-from-slavery-q2","title":"Up from Slavery","text":"this was the day for which she had been so long praying, but fearing that she would never live to see.","work":"Up from Slavery","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/up-from-slavery/#up-from-slavery-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"up-from-slavery-q3","title":"Up from Slavery","text":"success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome while trying to succeed.","work":"Up from Slavery","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/up-from-slavery/#up-from-slavery-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"up-from-slavery-q4","title":"Up from Slavery","text":"The sweeping of that room was my college examination","work":"Up from Slavery","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/up-from-slavery/#up-from-slavery-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"up-from-slavery-q5","title":"Up from Slavery","text":"those who are happiest are those who do the most for others.","work":"Up from Slavery","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/up-from-slavery/#up-from-slavery-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"up-from-slavery-q6","title":"Up from Slavery","text":"great men cultivate love, and that only little men cherish a spirit of hatred.","work":"Up from Slavery","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/up-from-slavery/#up-from-slavery-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"up-from-slavery-q7","title":"Up from Slavery","text":"I would permit no man, no matter what his colour might be, to narrow and degrade my soul by making me hate him.","work":"Up from Slavery","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/up-from-slavery/#up-from-slavery-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"up-from-slavery-q8","title":"Up from Slavery","text":"No race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem.","work":"Up from Slavery","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/up-from-slavery/#up-from-slavery-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"utilitarianism-q1","title":"Utilitarianism","text":"The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#utilitarianism-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"utilitarianism-q2","title":"Utilitarianism","text":"It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#utilitarianism-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"utilitarianism-q3","title":"Utilitarianism","text":"Capacity for the nobler feelings is in most natures a very tender plant, easily killed, not only by hostile influences, but by mere want of sustenance","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#utilitarianism-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"utilitarianism-q4","title":"Utilitarianism","text":"What means are there of determining which is the acutest of two pains, or the intensest of two pleasurable sensations, except the general suffrage of those who are familiar with both","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#utilitarianism-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"utilitarianism-q5","title":"Utilitarianism","text":"it is only those in whom the need of excitement is a disease, that feel the tranquillity which follows excitement dull and insipid, instead of pleasurable in direct proportion to the excitement which preceded it","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#utilitarianism-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"utilitarianism-q6","title":"Utilitarianism","text":"Next to selfishness, the principal cause which makes life unsatisfactory, is want of mental cultivation","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#utilitarianism-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"utilitarianism-q7","title":"Utilitarianism","text":"Even that most intractable of enemies, disease, may be indefinitely reduced in dimensions by good physical and moral education, and proper control of noxious influences","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#utilitarianism-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"utilitarianism-q8","title":"Utilitarianism","text":"In the golden rule of Jesus of Nazareth, we read the complete spirit of the ethics of utility","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#utilitarianism-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"utilitarianism-q9","title":"Utilitarianism","text":"He who saves a fellow creature from drowning does what is morally right, whether his motive be duty, or the hope of being paid for his trouble","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#utilitarianism-q9"},{"type":"quote","id":"utilitarianism-q10","title":"Utilitarianism","text":"Nobody argues that the art of navigation is not founded on astronomy, because sailors cannot wait to calculate the Nautical Almanack","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#utilitarianism-q10"},{"type":"quote","id":"utilitarianism-q11","title":"Utilitarianism","text":"The ultimate sanction, therefore, of all morality (external motives apart) being a subjective feeling in our own minds, I see nothing embarrassing to those whose standard is utility, in the question, what is the sanction of that particular standard","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#utilitarianism-q11"},{"type":"quote","id":"utilitarianism-q12","title":"Utilitarianism","text":"the sole evidence it is possible to produce that anything is desirable, is that people do actually desire it","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#utilitarianism-q12"},{"type":"quote","id":"utilitarianism-q13","title":"Utilitarianism","text":"Will is the child of desire, and passes out of the dominion of its parent only to come under that of habit","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#utilitarianism-q13"},{"type":"quote","id":"utilitarianism-q14","title":"Utilitarianism","text":"To have a right, then, is, I conceive, to have something which society ought to defend me in the possession of","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#utilitarianism-q14"},{"type":"quote","id":"utilitarianism-q15","title":"Utilitarianism","text":"Thus, to save a life, it may not only be allowable, but a duty, to steal, or take by force, the necessary food or medicine, or to kidnap, and compel to officiate, the only qualified medical practitioner","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#utilitarianism-q15"},{"type":"quote","id":"utopia-q1","title":"Utopia","text":"your sheep, which are naturally mild, and easily kept in order, may be said now to devour men and unpeople, not only villages, but towns","work":"Utopia","author":"Thomas More","url":"/works/utopia/#utopia-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"utopia-q2","title":"Utopia","text":"if you suffer your people to be ill-educated, and their manners to be corrupted from their infancy, and then punish them for those crimes to which their first education disposed them, what else is to be concluded from this but that you first make thieves and then punish them?","work":"Utopia","author":"Thomas More","url":"/works/utopia/#utopia-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"utopia-q3","title":"Utopia","text":"you must not, therefore, abandon the commonwealth, for the same reasons as you should not forsake the ship in a storm because you cannot command the winds.","work":"Utopia","author":"Thomas More","url":"/works/utopia/#utopia-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"utopia-q4","title":"Utopia","text":"as long as there is any property, and while money is the standard of all other things, I cannot think that a nation can be governed either justly or happily","work":"Utopia","author":"Thomas More","url":"/works/utopia/#utopia-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"utopia-q5","title":"Utopia","text":"But they take more care of their sick than of any others; these are lodged and provided for in public hospitals.","work":"Utopia","author":"Thomas More","url":"/works/utopia/#utopia-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"utopia-q6","title":"Utopia","text":"They eat and drink out of vessels of earth or glass, which make an agreeable appearance, though formed of brittle materials; while they make their chamber-pots and close-stools of gold and silver","work":"Utopia","author":"Thomas More","url":"/works/utopia/#utopia-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"utopia-q7","title":"Utopia","text":"this is one of their most ancient laws, that no man ought to be punished for his religion.","work":"Utopia","author":"Thomas More","url":"/works/utopia/#utopia-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"utopia-q8","title":"Utopia","text":"there are many things in the commonwealth of Utopia that I rather wish, than hope, to see followed in our governments.","work":"Utopia","author":"Thomas More","url":"/works/utopia/#utopia-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"veazie-bank-v-fenno-q1","title":"Veazie Bank v. Fenno","text":"There was, then, no National currency except coin; there was no general regulation of any other by National legislation; and no National taxation was imposed in any form on the State bank circulation.","work":"Veazie Bank v. Fenno","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/veazie-bank-v-fenno/#veazie-bank-v-fenno-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"veazie-bank-v-fenno-q2","title":"Veazie Bank v. Fenno","text":"It may be rightly affirmed, therefore, that in the practical construction of the Constitution by Congress, direct taxes have been limited to taxes on land and appurtenances, and taxes on polls, or capitation taxes.","work":"Veazie Bank v. Fenno","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/veazie-bank-v-fenno/#veazie-bank-v-fenno-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"veazie-bank-v-fenno-q3","title":"Veazie Bank v. Fenno","text":"The power to tax may be exercised oppressively upon persons, but the responsibility of the legislature is not to the courts, but to the people by whom its members are elected.","work":"Veazie Bank v. Fenno","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/veazie-bank-v-fenno/#veazie-bank-v-fenno-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"veazie-bank-v-fenno-q4","title":"Veazie Bank v. Fenno","text":"Without this power, indeed, its attempts to secure a sound and uniform currency for the country must be futile.","work":"Veazie Bank v. Fenno","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/veazie-bank-v-fenno/#veazie-bank-v-fenno-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"veazie-bank-v-fenno-q5","title":"Veazie Bank v. Fenno","text":"It is, simply, a mode by which the powers or faculties of the States, to incorporate banks, are subjected to taxation, and, which, if maintainable, may annihilate those powers.","work":"Veazie Bank v. Fenno","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/veazie-bank-v-fenno/#veazie-bank-v-fenno-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"veazie-bank-v-fenno-q6","title":"Veazie Bank v. Fenno","text":"It is sufficient to add, that the burden of the tax, while it has encouraged these banks, has proved fatal to those of the States; and, if we are at liberty to judge of the purpose of an act, from the consequences that have followed, it is not, perhaps, going too far to say, that these consequences were intended.","work":"Veazie Bank v. Fenno","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/veazie-bank-v-fenno/#veazie-bank-v-fenno-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"villette-q1","title":"Villette","text":"I, Lucy Snowe, plead guiltless of that curse, an overheated and discursive imagination","work":"Villette","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/villette/#villette-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"villette-q2","title":"Villette","text":"Wise, firm, faithless; secret, crafty, passionless; watchful and inscrutable; acute and insensate—withal perfectly decorous—what more could be desired?","work":"Villette","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/villette/#villette-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"villette-q3","title":"Villette","text":"How I used to pray to Heaven for consolation and support!","work":"Villette","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/villette/#villette-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"villette-q4","title":"Villette","text":"Medicine can give nobody good spirits. My art halts at the threshold of Hypochondria: she just looks in and sees a chamber of torture, but can neither say nor do much.","work":"Villette","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/villette/#villette-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"villette-q5","title":"Villette","text":"She could shine yet with pale grandeur and steady might; but that star verged already on its judgment-day.","work":"Villette","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/villette/#villette-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"villette-q6","title":"Villette","text":"Ah! the sedative had been administered. In fact, they had given me a strong opiate.","work":"Villette","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/villette/#villette-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"villette-q7","title":"Villette","text":"Lucy, take my love. One day share my life. Be my dearest, first on earth.","work":"Villette","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/villette/#villette-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"villette-q8","title":"Villette","text":"Here pause: pause at once. There is enough said. Trouble no quiet, kind heart; leave sunny imaginations hope.","work":"Villette","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/villette/#villette-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"beckett-waiting-for-godot-q1","title":"Waiting for Godot","text":"Nothing to be done.","work":"Waiting for Godot","author":"Samuel Beckett","url":"/works/beckett-waiting-for-godot/#beckett-waiting-for-godot-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"beckett-waiting-for-godot-q2","title":"Waiting for Godot","text":"We're waiting for Godot.","work":"Waiting for Godot","author":"Samuel Beckett","url":"/works/beckett-waiting-for-godot/#beckett-waiting-for-godot-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"walden-q1","title":"Walden","text":"The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation.","work":"Walden","author":"Henry David Thoreau","url":"/works/walden/#walden-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"walden-q2","title":"Walden","text":"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.","work":"Walden","author":"Henry David Thoreau","url":"/works/walden/#walden-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"walden-q3","title":"Walden","text":"Our life is frittered away by detail. An honest man has hardly need to count more than his ten fingers, or in extreme cases he may add his ten toes, and lump the rest. Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity!","work":"Walden","author":"Henry David Thoreau","url":"/works/walden/#walden-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"walden-q4","title":"Walden","text":"I had three chairs in my house; one for solitude, two for friendship, three for society.","work":"Walden","author":"Henry David Thoreau","url":"/works/walden/#walden-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"walden-q5","title":"Walden","text":"A lake is the landscape’s most beautiful and expressive feature. It is earth’s eye; looking into which the beholder measures the depth of his own nature.","work":"Walden","author":"Henry David Thoreau","url":"/works/walden/#walden-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"walden-q6","title":"Walden","text":"If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away.","work":"Walden","author":"Henry David Thoreau","url":"/works/walden/#walden-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"walden-q7","title":"Walden","text":"Only that day dawns to which we are awake. There is more day to dawn. The sun is but a morning star.","work":"Walden","author":"Henry David Thoreau","url":"/works/walden/#walden-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"walden-q8","title":"Walden","text":"Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also a prison.","work":"Walden","author":"Henry David Thoreau","url":"/works/walden/#walden-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"tolstoy-war-and-peace-q1","title":"War and Peace","text":"Well, Prince, so Genoa and Lucca are now just family estates of the Buonapartes.","work":"War and Peace","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/tolstoy-war-and-peace/#tolstoy-war-and-peace-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"tolstoy-war-and-peace-q2","title":"War and Peace","text":"Above him there was now nothing but the sky—the lofty sky, not clear yet still immeasurably lofty, with gray clouds gliding slowly across it.","work":"War and Peace","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/tolstoy-war-and-peace/#tolstoy-war-and-peace-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"tolstoy-war-and-peace-q3","title":"War and Peace","text":"I say things happen not as we plan but as God judges","work":"War and Peace","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/tolstoy-war-and-peace/#tolstoy-war-and-peace-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"tolstoy-war-and-peace-q4","title":"War and Peace","text":"Love hinders death. Love is life. All, everything that I understand, I understand only because I love.","work":"War and Peace","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/tolstoy-war-and-peace/#tolstoy-war-and-peace-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"tolstoy-war-and-peace-q5","title":"War and Peace","text":"They took me and shut me up. They hold me captive. What, me? Me? My immortal soul?","work":"War and Peace","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/tolstoy-war-and-peace/#tolstoy-war-and-peace-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"tolstoy-war-and-peace-q6","title":"War and Peace","text":"Patience and time are my warriors, my champions","work":"War and Peace","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/tolstoy-war-and-peace/#tolstoy-war-and-peace-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"tolstoy-war-and-peace-q7","title":"War and Peace","text":"And there is no greatness where simplicity, goodness, and truth are absent.","work":"War and Peace","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/tolstoy-war-and-peace/#tolstoy-war-and-peace-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"tolstoy-war-and-peace-q8","title":"War and Peace","text":"it is similarly necessary to renounce a freedom that does not exist, and to recognize a dependence of which we are not conscious.","work":"War and Peace","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/tolstoy-war-and-peace/#tolstoy-war-and-peace-q8"},{"type":"quote","id":"washington-v-glucksberg-q1","title":"Washington v. Glucksberg","text":"Attitudes toward suicide itself have changed since Bracton, but our laws have consistently condemned, and continue to prohibit, assisting suicide.","work":"Washington v. Glucksberg","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/washington-v-glucksberg/#washington-v-glucksberg-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"washington-v-glucksberg-q2","title":"Washington v. Glucksberg","text":"Second, we have required in substantive-due-process cases a \"careful description\" of the asserted fundamental liberty interest.","work":"Washington v. Glucksberg","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/washington-v-glucksberg/#washington-v-glucksberg-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"washington-v-glucksberg-q3","title":"Washington v. Glucksberg","text":"Throughout the Nation, Americans are engaged in an earnest and profound debate about the morality, legality, and practicality of physician-assisted suicide. Our holding permits this debate to continue, as it should in a democratic society.","work":"Washington v. Glucksberg","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/washington-v-glucksberg/#washington-v-glucksberg-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"washington-v-glucksberg-q4","title":"Washington v. Glucksberg","text":"Death will be different for each of us.","work":"Washington v. Glucksberg","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/washington-v-glucksberg/#washington-v-glucksberg-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"washington-v-glucksberg-q5","title":"Washington v. Glucksberg","text":"Although this principle was unobjectionable, what followed for a season was, in the realm of economic legislation, the echo of Dred Scott.","work":"Washington v. Glucksberg","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/washington-v-glucksberg/#washington-v-glucksberg-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"washington-v-glucksberg-q6","title":"Washington v. Glucksberg","text":"That formulation would use words roughly like a \"right to die with dignity.\"","work":"Washington v. Glucksberg","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/washington-v-glucksberg/#washington-v-glucksberg-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"watership-down-q1","title":"Watership Down","text":"All the world will be your enemy, Prince with a Thousand Enemies, and whenever they catch you, they will kill you. But first they must catch you","work":"Watership Down","author":"Richard Adams","url":"/works/watership-down/#watership-down-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"we-shall-fight-on-the-beaches-q1","title":"We Shall Fight on the Beaches","text":"We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds","work":"We Shall Fight on the Beaches","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/we-shall-fight-on-the-beaches/#we-shall-fight-on-the-beaches-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"we-shall-fight-on-the-beaches-q2","title":"We Shall Fight on the Beaches","text":"we shall never surrender","work":"We Shall Fight on the Beaches","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/we-shall-fight-on-the-beaches/#we-shall-fight-on-the-beaches-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"webb-v-united-states-q1","title":"Webb v. United States","text":"to call such an order for the use of morphine a physician's prescription would be so plain a perversion of meaning that no discussion of the subject is required","work":"Webb v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/webb-v-united-states/#webb-v-united-states-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"webb-v-united-states-q2","title":"Webb v. United States","text":"It was the intent of Webb and Goldbaum that morphine should thus be furnished to the habitual users thereof by Goldbaum and without any physician's prescription issued in the course of a good faith attempt to cure the morphine habit.","work":"Webb v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/webb-v-united-states/#webb-v-united-states-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"webb-v-united-states-q3","title":"Webb v. United States","text":"but with such consideration and rather in such quantities as the applicant desired for the sake of continuing his accustomed use","work":"Webb v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/webb-v-united-states/#webb-v-united-states-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"webb-v-united-states-q4","title":"Webb v. United States","text":"within a period of eleven months Goldbaum purchased from wholesalers, in Memphis, thirty times as much morphine as was bought by the average retail druggist doing a larger general business","work":"Webb v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/webb-v-united-states/#webb-v-united-states-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"webb-v-united-states-q5","title":"Webb v. United States","text":"For the reasons which prevented him from assenting in No. 367, the Chief Justice also dissents in this case.","work":"Webb v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/webb-v-united-states/#webb-v-united-states-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"west-coast-hotel-v-parrish-q1","title":"West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish","text":"What is this freedom? The Constitution does not speak of freedom of contract. It speaks of liberty and prohibits the deprivation of liberty without due process of law.","work":"West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-coast-hotel-v-parrish/#west-coast-hotel-v-parrish-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"west-coast-hotel-v-parrish-q2","title":"West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish","text":"But the liberty safeguarded is liberty in a social organization which requires the protection of law against the evils which menace the health, safety, morals, and welfare of the people.","work":"West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-coast-hotel-v-parrish/#west-coast-hotel-v-parrish-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"west-coast-hotel-v-parrish-q3","title":"West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish","text":"The community is not bound to provide what is in effect a subsidy for unconscionable employers.","work":"West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-coast-hotel-v-parrish/#west-coast-hotel-v-parrish-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"west-coast-hotel-v-parrish-q4","title":"West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish","text":"Our conclusion is that the case of Adkins v. Children's Hospital, supra, should be, and it is, overruled.","work":"West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-coast-hotel-v-parrish/#west-coast-hotel-v-parrish-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"west-coast-hotel-v-parrish-q5","title":"West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish","text":"the meaning of the Constitution does not change with the ebb and flow of economic events.","work":"West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-coast-hotel-v-parrish/#west-coast-hotel-v-parrish-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"west-coast-hotel-v-parrish-q6","title":"West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish","text":"The judicial function is that of interpretation; it does not include the power of amendment under the guise of interpretation.","work":"West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-coast-hotel-v-parrish/#west-coast-hotel-v-parrish-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"west-virginia-v-barnette-q1","title":"West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette","text":"If there is any fixed star in our constitutional constellation, it is that no official, high or petty, can prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics, nationalism, religion, or other matters of opinion or force citizens to confess by word or act their faith therein.","work":"West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-virginia-v-barnette/#west-virginia-v-barnette-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"west-virginia-v-barnette-q2","title":"West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette","text":"The very purpose of a Bill of Rights was to withdraw certain subjects from the vicissitudes of political controversy, to place them beyond the reach of majorities and officials and to establish them as legal principles to be applied by the courts.","work":"West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-virginia-v-barnette/#west-virginia-v-barnette-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"west-virginia-v-barnette-q3","title":"West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette","text":"Those who begin coercive elimination of dissent soon find themselves exterminating dissenters. Compulsory unification of opinion achieves only the unanimity of the graveyard.","work":"West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-virginia-v-barnette/#west-virginia-v-barnette-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"west-virginia-v-barnette-q4","title":"West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette","text":"But freedom to differ is not limited to things that do not matter much. That would be a mere shadow of freedom. The test of its substance is the right to differ as to things that touch the heart of the existing order.","work":"West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-virginia-v-barnette/#west-virginia-v-barnette-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"west-virginia-v-barnette-q5","title":"West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette","text":"But as judges we are neither Jew nor Gentile, neither Catholic nor agnostic.","work":"West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-virginia-v-barnette/#west-virginia-v-barnette-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"west-virginia-v-barnette-q6","title":"West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette","text":"The constitutional protection of religious freedom terminated disabilities, it did not create new privileges. It gave religious equality, not civil immunity.","work":"West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-virginia-v-barnette/#west-virginia-v-barnette-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"schrodinger-what-is-life-q1","title":"What Is Life?","text":"continually sucking orderliness from its environment","work":"What Is Life?","author":"Erwin Schrödinger","url":"/works/schrodinger-what-is-life/#schrodinger-what-is-life-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"where-the-red-fern-grows-q1","title":"Where the Red Fern Grows","text":"The story went on to say that only an angel could plant the seeds of a red fern, and that they never died; where one grew, that spot was sacred.","work":"Where the Red Fern Grows","author":"Wilson Rawls","url":"/works/where-the-red-fern-grows/#where-the-red-fern-grows-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"where-the-red-fern-grows-q2","title":"Where the Red Fern Grows","text":"I'm sure the red fern has grown and has completely covered the two little mounds.","work":"Where the Red Fern Grows","author":"Wilson Rawls","url":"/works/where-the-red-fern-grows/#where-the-red-fern-grows-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"white-fang-q1","title":"White Fang","text":"Dark spruce forest frowned on either side the frozen waterway.","work":"White Fang","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/white-fang/#white-fang-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"white-fang-q2","title":"White Fang","text":"It was the Wild, the savage, frozen-hearted Northland Wild.","work":"White Fang","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/white-fang/#white-fang-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"white-fang-q3","title":"White Fang","text":"The aim of life was meat. Life itself was meat. Life lived on life. There were the eaters and the eaten.","work":"White Fang","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/white-fang/#white-fang-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"white-fang-q4","title":"White Fang","text":"His heredity was a life-stuff that may be likened to clay.","work":"White Fang","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/white-fang/#white-fang-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"white-fang-q5","title":"White Fang","text":"One of the potencies of whisky is the breeding of thirst.","work":"White Fang","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/white-fang/#white-fang-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"white-fang-q6","title":"White Fang","text":"And love was the plummet dropped down into the deeps of him where like had never gone.","work":"White Fang","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/white-fang/#white-fang-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"white-fang-q7","title":"White Fang","text":"Human kindness was like a sun shining upon him, and he flourished like a flower planted in good soil.","work":"White Fang","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/white-fang/#white-fang-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"wickard-v-filburn-q1","title":"Wickard v. Filburn","text":"questions of the power of Congress are not to be decided by reference to any formula which would give controlling force to nomenclature such as 'production' and 'indirect' and foreclose consideration of the actual effects of the activity in question upon interstate commerce.","work":"Wickard v. Filburn","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wickard-v-filburn/#wickard-v-filburn-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"wickard-v-filburn-q2","title":"Wickard v. Filburn","text":"At the beginning Chief Justice Marshall described the Federal commerce power with a breadth never yet exceeded.","work":"Wickard v. Filburn","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wickard-v-filburn/#wickard-v-filburn-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"wickard-v-filburn-q3","title":"Wickard v. Filburn","text":"But even if appellee's activity be local and though it may not be regarded as commerce, it may still, whatever its nature, be reached by Congress if it exerts a substantial economic effect on interstate commerce and this irrespective of whether such effect is what might at some earlier time have been defined as 'direct' or 'indirect.'","work":"Wickard v. Filburn","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wickard-v-filburn/#wickard-v-filburn-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"wickard-v-filburn-q4","title":"Wickard v. Filburn","text":"That appellee's own contribution to the demand for wheat may be trivial by itself is not enough to remove him from the scope of federal regulation where, as here, his contribution, taken together with that of many others similarly situated, is far from trivial.","work":"Wickard v. Filburn","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wickard-v-filburn/#wickard-v-filburn-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"wickard-v-filburn-q5","title":"Wickard v. Filburn","text":"It is of the essence of regulation that it lays a restraining hand on the selfinterest of the regulated and that advantages from the regulation commonly fall to others.","work":"Wickard v. Filburn","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wickard-v-filburn/#wickard-v-filburn-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"wickard-v-filburn-q6","title":"Wickard v. Filburn","text":"And with the wisdom, workability, or fairness, of the plan of regulation we have nothing to do.","work":"Wickard v. Filburn","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wickard-v-filburn/#wickard-v-filburn-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"winnie-the-pooh-q1","title":"Winnie-the-Pooh","text":"Once upon a time, a very long time ago now, about last Friday, Winnie-the-Pooh lived in a forest all by himself under the name of Sanders.","work":"Winnie-the-Pooh","author":"A. A. Milne","url":"/works/winnie-the-pooh/#winnie-the-pooh-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"winnie-the-pooh-q2","title":"Winnie-the-Pooh","text":"\"What about a story?\" said Christopher Robin. \"_What_ about a story?\" I said.","work":"Winnie-the-Pooh","author":"A. A. Milne","url":"/works/winnie-the-pooh/#winnie-the-pooh-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"winnie-the-pooh-q3","title":"Winnie-the-Pooh","text":"\"Oh, bother!\" said Pooh.","work":"Winnie-the-Pooh","author":"A. A. Milne","url":"/works/winnie-the-pooh/#winnie-the-pooh-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"wisconsin-v-yoder-q1","title":"Wisconsin v. Yoder","text":"The essence of all that has been said and written on the subject is that only those interests of the highest order and those not otherwise served can overbalance legitimate claims to the free exercise of religion.","work":"Wisconsin v. Yoder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wisconsin-v-yoder/#wisconsin-v-yoder-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"wisconsin-v-yoder-q2","title":"Wisconsin v. Yoder","text":"A way of life, however virtuous and admirable, may not be interposed as a barrier to reasonable state regulation of education if it is based on purely secular considerations; to have the protection of the Religion Clauses, the claims must be rooted in religious belief.","work":"Wisconsin v. Yoder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wisconsin-v-yoder/#wisconsin-v-yoder-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"wisconsin-v-yoder-q3","title":"Wisconsin v. Yoder","text":"Thoreau's choice was philosophical and personal rather than religious, and such belief does not rise to the demands of the Religion Clauses.","work":"Wisconsin v. Yoder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wisconsin-v-yoder/#wisconsin-v-yoder-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"wisconsin-v-yoder-q4","title":"Wisconsin v. Yoder","text":"This primary role of the parents in the upbringing of their children is now established beyond debate as an enduring American tradition.","work":"Wisconsin v. Yoder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wisconsin-v-yoder/#wisconsin-v-yoder-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"wisconsin-v-yoder-q5","title":"Wisconsin v. Yoder","text":"It is the future of the student, not the future of the parents, that is imperiled by today's decision.","work":"Wisconsin v. Yoder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wisconsin-v-yoder/#wisconsin-v-yoder-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"wisconsin-v-yoder-q6","title":"Wisconsin v. Yoder","text":"A religion is a religion irrespective of what the misdemeanor or felony records of its members might be.","work":"Wisconsin v. Yoder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wisconsin-v-yoder/#wisconsin-v-yoder-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole-q1","title":"Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands","text":"I am a Creole, and have good Scotch blood coursing in my veins.","work":"Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands","author":"Mary Seacole","url":"/works/wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole/#wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole-q2","title":"Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands","text":"I had from early youth a yearning for medical knowledge and practice which has never deserted me.","work":"Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands","author":"Mary Seacole","url":"/works/wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole/#wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole-q3","title":"Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands","text":"Let what might happen, to the Crimea I would go. If in no other way, then would I upon my own responsibility and at my own cost.","work":"Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands","author":"Mary Seacole","url":"/works/wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole/#wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole-q4","title":"Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands","text":"Willingly, had they accepted me, I would have worked for the wounded, in return for bread and water.","work":"Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands","author":"Mary Seacole","url":"/works/wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole/#wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole-q5","title":"Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands","text":"And the grateful words and smile which rewarded me for binding up a wound or giving cooling drink was a pleasure worth risking life for at any time.","work":"Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands","author":"Mary Seacole","url":"/works/wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole/#wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole-q6","title":"Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands","text":"Many others, on that day, gave me thanks in words the meaning of which was lost upon me, and all of them in that one common language of the whole world--smiles.","work":"Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands","author":"Mary Seacole","url":"/works/wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole/#wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole-q7","title":"Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands","text":"Now, would all this have happened if I had returned to England a rich woman? Surely not.","work":"Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands","author":"Mary Seacole","url":"/works/wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole/#wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole-q7"},{"type":"quote","id":"worcester-v-georgia-q1","title":"Worcester v. Georgia","text":"The Cherokee nation, then, is a distinct community occupying its own territory, with boundaries accurately described, in which the laws of Georgia can have no force, and which the citizens of Georgia have no right to enter, but with the assent of the Cherokees themselves, or in conformity with treaties, and with the acts of congress.","work":"Worcester v. Georgia","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/worcester-v-georgia/#worcester-v-georgia-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"worcester-v-georgia-q2","title":"Worcester v. Georgia","text":"The very term 'nation,' so generally applied to them, means 'a people distinct from others.'","work":"Worcester v. Georgia","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/worcester-v-georgia/#worcester-v-georgia-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"worcester-v-georgia-q3","title":"Worcester v. Georgia","text":"the settled doctrine of the law of nations is, that a weaker power does not surrender its independence-its right to self government, by associating with a stronger, and taking its protection.","work":"Worcester v. Georgia","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/worcester-v-georgia/#worcester-v-georgia-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"worcester-v-georgia-q4","title":"Worcester v. Georgia","text":"The defendant is a state, a member of the union, which has exercised the powers of government over a people who deny its jurisdiction, and are under the protection of the United States.","work":"Worcester v. Georgia","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/worcester-v-georgia/#worcester-v-georgia-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"worcester-v-georgia-q5","title":"Worcester v. Georgia","text":"The act of the state of Georgia, under which the plaintiff in error was prosecuted, is consequently void, and the judgment a nullity.","work":"Worcester v. Georgia","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/worcester-v-georgia/#worcester-v-georgia-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"worcester-v-georgia-q6","title":"Worcester v. Georgia","text":"This is undoubtedly true, so long as a state court, in the execution of its penal laws, shall not infringe upon the constitution of the United States, or some treaty or law of the union.","work":"Worcester v. Georgia","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/worcester-v-georgia/#worcester-v-georgia-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"wuthering-heights-q1","title":"Wuthering Heights","text":"Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same","work":"Wuthering Heights","author":"Emily Brontë","url":"/works/wuthering-heights/#wuthering-heights-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"wuthering-heights-q2","title":"Wuthering Heights","text":"I _am_ Heathcliff","work":"Wuthering Heights","author":"Emily Brontë","url":"/works/wuthering-heights/#wuthering-heights-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"wuthering-heights-q3","title":"Wuthering Heights","text":"Be with me always—take any form—drive me mad","work":"Wuthering Heights","author":"Emily Brontë","url":"/works/wuthering-heights/#wuthering-heights-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"youngberg-v-romeo-q1","title":"Youngberg v. Romeo","text":"We have established that Romeo retains liberty interests in safety and freedom from bodily restraint. Yet these interests are not absolute; indeed to some extent they are in conflict.","work":"Youngberg v. Romeo","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngberg-v-romeo/#youngberg-v-romeo-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"youngberg-v-romeo-q2","title":"Youngberg v. Romeo","text":"Persons who have been involuntarily committed are entitled to more considerate treatment and conditions of confinement than criminals whose conditions of confinement are designed to punish.","work":"Youngberg v. Romeo","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngberg-v-romeo/#youngberg-v-romeo-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"youngberg-v-romeo-q3","title":"Youngberg v. Romeo","text":"the decision, if made by a professional, is presumptively valid; liability may be imposed only when the decision by the professional is such a substantial departure from accepted professional judgment, practice, or standards as to demonstrate that the person responsible actually did not base the decision on such a judgment.","work":"Youngberg v. Romeo","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngberg-v-romeo/#youngberg-v-romeo-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"youngberg-v-romeo-q4","title":"Youngberg v. Romeo","text":"Respondent thus enjoys constitutionally protected interests in conditions of reasonable care and safety, reasonably nonrestrictive confinement conditions, and such training as may be required by these interests.","work":"Youngberg v. Romeo","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngberg-v-romeo/#youngberg-v-romeo-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"youngberg-v-romeo-q5","title":"Youngberg v. Romeo","text":"For many mentally retarded people, the difference between the capacity to do things for themselves within an institution and total dependence on the institution for all of their needs is as much liberty as they ever will know.","work":"Youngberg v. Romeo","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngberg-v-romeo/#youngberg-v-romeo-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"youngberg-v-romeo-q6","title":"Youngberg v. Romeo","text":"I would hold flatly that respondent has no constitutional right to training, or \"habilitation,\" per se.","work":"Youngberg v. Romeo","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngberg-v-romeo/#youngberg-v-romeo-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer-q1","title":"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer","text":"In the framework of our Constitution, the President's power to see that the laws are faithfully executed refutes the idea that he is to be a lawmaker.","work":"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer/#youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer-q2","title":"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer","text":"The Founders of this Nation entrusted the law making power to the Congress alone in both good and bad times.","work":"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer/#youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer-q3","title":"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer","text":"When the President acts in absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority, he can only rely upon his own independent powers, but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have concurrent authority, or in which its distribution is uncertain.","work":"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer/#youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer-q4","title":"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer","text":"When the President takes measures incompatible with the expressed or implied will of Congress, his power is at its lowest ebb, for then he can rely only upon his own constitutional powers minus any constitutional powers of Congress over the matter.","work":"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer/#youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer-q5","title":"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer","text":"With all its defects, delays and inconveniences, men have discovered no technique for long preserving free government except that the Executive be under the law, and that the law be made by parliamentary deliberations.","work":"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer/#youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer-q6","title":"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer","text":"Those who suggest that this is a case involving extraordinary powers should be mindful that these are extraordinary times.","work":"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer/#youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer-q6"},{"type":"quote","id":"zelman-v-simmons-harris-q1","title":"Zelman v. Simmons-Harris","text":"We believe that the program challenged here is a program of true private choice, consistent with Mueller, Witters, and Zobrest, and thus constitutional.","work":"Zelman v. Simmons-Harris","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/zelman-v-simmons-harris/#zelman-v-simmons-harris-q1"},{"type":"quote","id":"zelman-v-simmons-harris-q2","title":"Zelman v. Simmons-Harris","text":"It permits such individuals to exercise genuine choice among options public and private, secular and religious. The program is therefore a program of true private choice.","work":"Zelman v. Simmons-Harris","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/zelman-v-simmons-harris/#zelman-v-simmons-harris-q2"},{"type":"quote","id":"zelman-v-simmons-harris-q3","title":"Zelman v. Simmons-Harris","text":"While the romanticized ideal of universal public education resonates with the cognoscenti who oppose vouchers, poor urban families just want the best education for their children, who will certainly need it to function in our high-tech and advanced society.","work":"Zelman v. Simmons-Harris","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/zelman-v-simmons-harris/#zelman-v-simmons-harris-q3"},{"type":"quote","id":"zelman-v-simmons-harris-q4","title":"Zelman v. Simmons-Harris","text":"If there were an excuse for giving short shrift to the Establishment Clause, it would probably apply here. But there is no excuse. Constitutional limitations are placed on government to preserve constitutional values in hard cases, like these.","work":"Zelman v. Simmons-Harris","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/zelman-v-simmons-harris/#zelman-v-simmons-harris-q4"},{"type":"quote","id":"zelman-v-simmons-harris-q5","title":"Zelman v. Simmons-Harris","text":"How can a Court consistently leave Everson on the books and approve the Ohio vouchers? The answer is that it cannot.","work":"Zelman v. Simmons-Harris","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/zelman-v-simmons-harris/#zelman-v-simmons-harris-q5"},{"type":"quote","id":"zelman-v-simmons-harris-q6","title":"Zelman v. Simmons-Harris","text":"I do so because I believe that the Establishment Clause concern for protecting the Nation’s social fabric from religious conflict poses an overriding obstacle to the implementation of this well-intentioned school voucher program.","work":"Zelman v. Simmons-Harris","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/zelman-v-simmons-harris/#zelman-v-simmons-harris-q6"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-bear-called-paddington:lesson:1","title":"Welcoming the stranger","text":"Paddington arrives alone with a label round his neck and nothing but a suitcase and some marmalade. The Browns could have walked past him; instead Mrs. Brown decides within minutes that he will come home with them. The book makes taking in a stranger seem as natural as meeting a train.","work":"A Bear Called Paddington","author":"Michael Bond","url":"/works/a-bear-called-paddington/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-bear-called-paddington:lesson:2","title":"Good manners and good intentions","text":"Paddington always raises his hat, says please and thank you, and means well, yet he causes floods, crowds and ruined plans. Bond shows that politeness and kindness win him friends even when his efforts go wrong, and that saying sorry and trying again matter more than never making a mess.","work":"A Bear Called Paddington","author":"Michael Bond","url":"/works/a-bear-called-paddington/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-bear-called-paddington:lesson:3","title":"Seeing ordinary things new","text":"Because Paddington has never seen a bath, an escalator or a theatre, he looks at London as if it were a strange country. Much of the comedy comes from his taking things literally, as when he thinks the actors on stage are really in danger. Reading through his eyes makes everyday life feel surprising.","work":"A Bear Called Paddington","author":"Michael Bond","url":"/works/a-bear-called-paddington/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-burnt-out-case:lesson:1","title":"Usefulness can precede belief","text":"Querry finds a measure of recovery not through faith or insight but through ordinary work that helps others. The novel suggests that meaning may return through action before it returns as feeling.","work":"A Burnt-Out Case","author":"Graham Greene","url":"/works/a-burnt-out-case/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-burnt-out-case:lesson:2","title":"The danger of being made into a symbol","text":"Rycker and Parkinson need Querry to be a saint for their own reasons, and their story crushes the real man. Greene shows how public narratives distort private suffering.","work":"A Burnt-Out Case","author":"Graham Greene","url":"/works/a-burnt-out-case/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-burnt-out-case:lesson:3","title":"Burnout as a metaphor with limits","text":"The leprosy metaphor gives Querry language for his state, but the novel also keeps real lepers and their mutilations in view. It invites reflection on when illness metaphors illuminate and when they appropriate.","work":"A Burnt-Out Case","author":"Graham Greene","url":"/works/a-burnt-out-case/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-childs-garden-of-verses:lesson:1","title":"Ordinary hours deserve verse","text":"Bedtime, rain, and play are fit subjects for art; children learn their days can be spoken with care.","work":"A Child's Garden of Verses","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/a-childs-garden-of-verses/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-childs-garden-of-verses:lesson:2","title":"Gratitude in two lines","text":"Happy Thought shows thanksgiving can be brief and complete.","work":"A Child's Garden of Verses","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/a-childs-garden-of-verses/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-childs-garden-of-verses:lesson:3","title":"Attention widens","text":"The rain poem moves from near umbrellas to ships at sea—attention growing outward.","work":"A Child's Garden of Verses","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/a-childs-garden-of-verses/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-christmas-carol:lesson:1","title":"Wealth carries social obligation","text":"Marley's regret that 'mankind was my business' turns private charity into a moral duty. Dickens attacks the idea that the poor are a 'surplus population' and insists that prosperity obliges compassion.","work":"A Christmas Carol","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-christmas-carol/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-christmas-carol:lesson:2","title":"Memory can heal","text":"Scrooge softens first when he remembers his lonely boyhood and lost love. The story treats recollection and grief as the beginning of empathy rather than as weakness.","work":"A Christmas Carol","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-christmas-carol/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-christmas-carol:lesson:3","title":"The future is not fixed","text":"The last spirit shows shadows of what may be, not what must be. The story affirms that character can change at any age and that change alters outcomes for others.","work":"A Christmas Carol","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-christmas-carol/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-defence-of-the-constitutions:lesson:1","title":"Balance among the one, the few and the many","text":"Adams argues that every society contains a first magistrate, a group of leading men and the body of the people, whatever names they bear. Liberty is secure only when each has its own branch and none can absorb the others. His survey of Swiss cantons, Italian cities and ancient Greece is meant to show what happens when one order is left without a counterweight.","work":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","author":"John Adams","url":"/works/a-defence-of-the-constitutions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-defence-of-the-constitutions:lesson:2","title":"Giving ambition a place where it can be watched","text":"Adams believed that the rich, the well-born and the able will always gain influence over a popular assembly. Instead of pretending otherwise, he would separate them into a senate where their talents serve the public and their influence is checked by the other branches. He calls this an ostracism that honours rather than banishes.","work":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","author":"John Adams","url":"/works/a-defence-of-the-constitutions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-defence-of-the-constitutions:lesson:3","title":"History as the laboratory of politics","text":"Adams compares the framers of the state constitutions to a wise architect who studies Vitruvius, Palladio and the ruins of famous buildings before designing a palace. The Defence applies that method on a large scale, collecting the experience of dozens of republics so that Americans can adopt what has worked and avoid what has failed.","work":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","author":"John Adams","url":"/works/a-defence-of-the-constitutions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-defence-of-the-constitutions:lesson:4","title":"A strong executive guards the people's rights","text":"In the Preface and the Conclusion Adams argues that the people's liberties can never be preserved without separating executive power from the legislature and giving the executive a negative. His closing sketch of a single assembly that must itself appoint every officer shows how mixing the powers produces delay, patronage and the rise of a few families.","work":"A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America","author":"John Adams","url":"/works/a-defence-of-the-constitutions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-dolls-house-and-other-plays:lesson:1","title":"A marriage can be a performance","text":"Nora and Torvald play roles that suit social expectations rather than knowing each other. The play argues that equality and honesty, not protection and charm, are the basis of real partnership.","work":"A Doll's House and Other Plays","author":"Henrik Ibsen","url":"/works/a-dolls-house-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-dolls-house-and-other-plays:lesson:2","title":"Respectability can conceal harm","text":"In Ghosts, keeping up appearances preserves a dead man's reputation while passing his damage to the next generation. Ibsen shows secrecy and convention as active causes of suffering.","work":"A Doll's House and Other Plays","author":"Henrik Ibsen","url":"/works/a-dolls-house-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-dolls-house-and-other-plays:lesson:3","title":"Truth-telling has a cost","text":"Dr Stockmann's discovery threatens the town's economy, and the majority prefer comfort to truth. The play dramatises the conflict between public health and private interest.","work":"A Doll's House and Other Plays","author":"Henrik Ibsen","url":"/works/a-dolls-house-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-farewell-to-arms:lesson:1","title":"Big words and the names of places","text":"In Chapter XXVII Frederic says that the words sacred, glorious and sacrifice embarrass him, and that only the names of villages, roads and rivers keep their dignity. The novel's spare style follows the same rule: it reports what was seen, eaten and felt, and leaves large abstractions unspoken.","work":"A Farewell to Arms","author":"Ernest Hemingway","url":"/works/a-farewell-to-arms/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-farewell-to-arms:lesson:2","title":"The priest's knowledge","text":"The priest from the Abruzzi is teased by the officers, but Frederic admits that the priest always knew what he did not, and what he could forget even after learning it. In Chapter XI, at Frederic's bedside, Frederic tells the priest he does not love God; the priest answers that he will, and that love is the wish to do things for another. The book's quiet test is whether Frederic's love for Catherine ever becomes that kind of love.","work":"A Farewell to Arms","author":"Ernest Hemingway","url":"/works/a-farewell-to-arms/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-farewell-to-arms:lesson:3","title":"A separate peace","text":"After the battle police at the Tagliamento, Frederic decides the war is no longer his. Hemingway shows both the reason for his flight, the senseless shooting of officers, and its cost: Frederic leaves Piani and the men he led, feels like a truant, and cannot read the war news without guilt.","work":"A Farewell to Arms","author":"Ernest Hemingway","url":"/works/a-farewell-to-arms/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-farewell-to-arms:lesson:4","title":"The world breaks every one","text":"In Chapter XXXIV Frederic reflects that the world kills the very good, the very gentle and the very brave without distinction. Catherine's courage in the labour room, and her death after the stillbirth, make this his final word, but the reader is left to ask whether courage and love were wasted or were the only things that mattered.","work":"A Farewell to Arms","author":"Ernest Hemingway","url":"/works/a-farewell-to-arms/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-good-man-is-hard-to-find-and-other-stories:lesson:1","title":"A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories: formed attention","text":"A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories teaches students to slow down before judgment. eleventh-grade readers can learn to distinguish authorial judgment from character prejudice and to see theological seriousness inside comic brutality","work":"A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories","author":"Flannery O'Connor","url":"/works/a-good-man-is-hard-to-find-and-other-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-good-man-is-hard-to-find-and-other-stories:lesson:2","title":"A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories: order and disorder","text":"A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories makes order visible by showing what damages it. the collection repeatedly moves from social performance to spiritual exposure, refusing sentimental versions of goodness or innocence","work":"A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories","author":"Flannery O'Connor","url":"/works/a-good-man-is-hard-to-find-and-other-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-good-man-is-hard-to-find-and-other-stories:lesson:3","title":"A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories: body and soul","text":"A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories gives the medical lens a human scale. the medical lens includes disability, chronic illness, trauma, violence, family care, and the charged symbolism of bodily affliction","work":"A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories","author":"Flannery O'Connor","url":"/works/a-good-man-is-hard-to-find-and-other-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-letter-concerning-toleration:lesson:1","title":"Belief cannot be compelled","text":"Locke's central argument is that faith is the inward persuasion of the mind, and force can produce only outward conformity. A worship offered against conscience is not pleasing to God but an added sin. The magistrate's sword is therefore the wrong instrument for the care of souls.","work":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/a-letter-concerning-toleration/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-letter-concerning-toleration:lesson:2","title":"Two societies with two different ends","text":"The commonwealth secures life, liberty, health and property; the church exists for the worship of God and the salvation of souls. Locke holds that confusion between the two has produced endless controversy, and that each keeps its proper authority only by staying within its bounds.","work":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/a-letter-concerning-toleration/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-letter-concerning-toleration:lesson:3","title":"Charity as the test of zeal","text":"Locke challenges persecutors on Christian grounds: if they truly loved souls, they would first correct the open vices of their own flocks. Zeal that burns dissenters while ignoring fraud and fornication among friends reveals a desire for dominion rather than love.","work":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/a-letter-concerning-toleration/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-letter-concerning-toleration:lesson:4","title":"Toleration with stated limits","text":"Locke does not argue that every opinion must be allowed. He excludes teachings destructive of civil society, churches that place members under a foreign prince, and atheists, whose word he believes cannot be secured by oath. These limits rest on his view of what holds a commonwealth together, and readers have debated them since the 1690s.","work":"A Letter Concerning Toleration","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/a-letter-concerning-toleration/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-little-princess:lesson:1","title":"A princess inside","text":"Sara decides that being a princess is not about clothes but about behaving graciously, and she holds to that rule in the attic, answering Miss Minchin's insults with silence and treating servants and beggars with courtesy. Dignity is something she practices rather than something she owns.","work":"A Little Princess","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/a-little-princess/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-little-princess:lesson:2","title":"Giving when you are hungry","text":"In the bun shop Sara is starving herself, yet she gives five buns away because the beggar girl is hungrier. Burnett shows that generosity is tested most when it costs something, and the baker woman's later kindness to Anne grows out of that one act.","work":"A Little Princess","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/a-little-princess/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-little-princess:lesson:3","title":"Imagination as courage","text":"Sara turns the attic into the Bastille, a rat into a father with a family, and a bare table into a banquet. Her stories are not lies to escape the world; they are a way to bear it bravely and to share comfort with Becky, Ermengarde and Lottie.","work":"A Little Princess","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/a-little-princess/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-little-princess:lesson:4","title":"Kindness that crosses the wall","text":"Ram Dass and Mr. Carrisford help Sara in secret, without wanting thanks, while Sara herself befriends Becky across the attic wall. The book pairs kindness from above with kindness from below, and both are needed for the happy ending.","work":"A Little Princess","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/a-little-princess/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-midsummer-nights-dream:lesson:1","title":"A Midsummer Night's Dream: formed attention","text":"A Midsummer Night's Dream teaches students to slow down before judgment. tenth-grade readers meet Shakespearean comedy as a serious study of imagination, erotic confusion, social permission, and theatrical repair","work":"A Midsummer Night's Dream","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/a-midsummer-nights-dream/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-midsummer-nights-dream:lesson:2","title":"A Midsummer Night's Dream: order and disorder","text":"A Midsummer Night's Dream makes order visible by showing what damages it. the play begins with law and arranged marriage, dissolves into enchanted misrecognition, then returns to civic order through performance","work":"A Midsummer Night's Dream","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/a-midsummer-nights-dream/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-midsummer-nights-dream:lesson:3","title":"A Midsummer Night's Dream: body and soul","text":"A Midsummer Night's Dream gives the medical lens a human scale. the medical lens is early modern psychology: love-melancholy, altered perception, sleep, dreams, and the boundary between enchantment and madness","work":"A Midsummer Night's Dream","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/a-midsummer-nights-dream/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-model-of-christian-charity:lesson:1","title":"Inequality as an occasion for love","text":"Winthrop accepts differences of wealth and rank as part of God's ordering of the world, but he argues that their purpose is mutual need. The rich are stewards, the poor are brothers, and both are bound by the duties of mercy, so that difference becomes a reason for knitting together rather than for pride or envy.","work":"A Model of Christian Charity","author":"John Winthrop","url":"/works/a-model-of-christian-charity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-model-of-christian-charity:lesson:2","title":"Love as the ligament of a community","text":"Winthrop's central image is the body, in which love is the sinew that joins the parts so that they share pleasure and pain. Rules of giving and lending can compel acts of mercy, he says, but only love produces a settled habit of mercy.","work":"A Model of Christian Charity","author":"John Winthrop","url":"/works/a-model-of-christian-charity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-model-of-christian-charity:lesson:3","title":"Covenant and public witness","text":"The famous city upon a hill passage is a warning as much as a promise: because the eyes of all people are on the colony, its failure would make it a story and a byword through the world. Winthrop links the community's public reputation to its faithfulness in ordinary charity.","work":"A Model of Christian Charity","author":"John Winthrop","url":"/works/a-model-of-christian-charity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-modest-proposal:lesson:1","title":"A Modest Proposal: formed attention","text":"A Modest Proposal teaches students to slow down before judgment. eleventh-grade readers can learn how satire forces moral judgment by making evil sound efficient, reasonable, and modern","work":"A Modest Proposal","author":"Jonathan Swift","url":"/works/a-modest-proposal/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-modest-proposal:lesson:2","title":"A Modest Proposal: order and disorder","text":"A Modest Proposal makes order visible by showing what damages it. the pamphlet moves with chilling administrative calm from population data to recipe-like policy, then gestures toward real reforms the speaker refuses","work":"A Modest Proposal","author":"Jonathan Swift","url":"/works/a-modest-proposal/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-modest-proposal:lesson:3","title":"A Modest Proposal: body and soul","text":"A Modest Proposal gives the medical lens a human scale. the medical lens includes starvation, infant mortality, public health, reproductive exploitation, and the dehumanizing language of population management","work":"A Modest Proposal","author":"Jonathan Swift","url":"/works/a-modest-proposal/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-tale-of-two-cities:lesson:1","title":"A wasted life redeemed by sacrifice","text":"Sydney Carton calls himself useless and drinks away his talent, yet he keeps the promise made to Lucie in Book II, Chapter 13. Dickens shows that a life is measured by what it is finally given for, and he frames Carton's death with the words of John 11.","work":"A Tale of Two Cities","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-tale-of-two-cities/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-tale-of-two-cities:lesson:2","title":"Cruelty breeds its own monsters","text":"The Marquis treats the poor as vermin, and the Revolution answers with the guillotine and Madame Defarge's knitting. In Book III, Chapter 15 Dickens says that the same seed will yield the same fruit, judging both the old regime and the Terror it produced.","work":"A Tale of Two Cities","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-tale-of-two-cities/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-tale-of-two-cities:lesson:3","title":"Love that restores","text":"Lucie is the golden thread of Book II: her patience draws her father back from the garret, holds the Soho household together and moves Carton's heart. Dickens presents faithful domestic love as a power stronger than imprisonment and hatred.","work":"A Tale of Two Cities","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-tale-of-two-cities/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-tale-of-two-cities:lesson:4","title":"The past does not stay buried","text":"Manette's letter, hidden in his Bastille cell, returns eighteen years later to condemn the son-in-law he loves. Jerry Cruncher's grave-robbing, Recalled to life, and Carton's resurrection text all play on what rises again from the grave.","work":"A Tale of Two Cities","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/a-tale-of-two-cities/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-treatise-of-human-nature:lesson:1","title":"Expectation is a habit of mind, not a perception of necessity","text":"Hume shows that our confidence that the future will resemble the past cannot be proved, yet we cannot stop relying on it. Custom does the work reason was supposed to do, which makes our most basic inferences natural rather than rational.","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/a-treatise-of-human-nature/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-treatise-of-human-nature:lesson:2","title":"Looking inward finds perceptions, never a perceiver","text":"When Hume searches introspectively for a self, he finds only particular sensations and feelings. The unity we attribute to a person is supplied by the imagination, an idea that troubled Hume himself in the appendix.","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/a-treatise-of-human-nature/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-treatise-of-human-nature:lesson:3","title":"Feeling sets ends; reasoning only finds routes to them","text":"Book II argues that reason cannot by itself move us to act or oppose a desire. Apparent struggles between reason and passion are really contests between calm and violent passions, so changing behaviour means working on feeling and habit.","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/a-treatise-of-human-nature/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-treatise-of-human-nature:lesson:4","title":"Scepticism is cured by living, not refuted by argument","text":"The end of Book I dramatizes a philosopher overwhelmed by doubt who recovers through company and play. Hume concludes that nature, not reason, keeps us from total scepticism, and that philosophy should be pursued only in a mood where it remains agreeable.","work":"A Treatise of Human Nature","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/a-treatise-of-human-nature/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-treatise-on-insanity:lesson:1","title":"A Treatise on Insanity teaches historical caution","text":"A Treatise on Insanity rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"A Treatise on Insanity","author":"Philippe Pinel","url":"/works/a-treatise-on-insanity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-treatise-on-insanity:lesson:2","title":"A Treatise on Insanity links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"A Treatise on Insanity","author":"Philippe Pinel","url":"/works/a-treatise-on-insanity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-treatise-on-insanity:lesson:3","title":"A Treatise on Insanity complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"A Treatise on Insanity","author":"Philippe Pinel","url":"/works/a-treatise-on-insanity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-treatise-on-insanity:lesson:4","title":"A Treatise on Insanity warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"A Treatise on Insanity","author":"Philippe Pinel","url":"/works/a-treatise-on-insanity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-view-from-the-bridge:lesson:1","title":"Denied desire becomes destructive","text":"Eddie cannot name what he feels for Catherine, so he projects it as suspicion of Rodolpho. The play shows how self-deception turns love into control and finally into betrayal.","work":"A View from the Bridge","author":"Arthur Miller","url":"/works/a-view-from-the-bridge/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-view-from-the-bridge:lesson:2","title":"Law and community justice differ","text":"Alfieri represents the law, which cannot help Eddie, while Red Hook lives by an older code that punishes informers. The play asks what happens when those systems collide.","work":"A View from the Bridge","author":"Arthur Miller","url":"/works/a-view-from-the-bridge/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-view-from-the-bridge:lesson:3","title":"Tragedy can happen to ordinary people","text":"Miller gives a longshoreman the inevitability of Greek tragedy, with Alfieri as chorus. The play argues that working people's passions deserve tragic seriousness.","work":"A View from the Bridge","author":"Arthur Miller","url":"/works/a-view-from-the-bridge/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-wonder-book:lesson:1","title":"What is truly precious","text":"Midas wins the power to turn everything into gold and nearly starves, then loses his daughter to his own touch. When the stranger asks him to choose between the Golden Touch and a cup of water, a crust of bread or Marygold, he chooses the ordinary things every time. Hawthorne teaches children that the common gifts of daily life are worth more than riches.","work":"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/a-wonder-book/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-wonder-book:lesson:2","title":"Hope after trouble","text":"Pandora's curiosity lets the Troubles out into the world, and Hawthorne does not pretend they ever went back into the box. But Hope flies out last and promises to stay as long as people live, and the storyteller says he is almost glad Pandora peeped in. The tale shows that sorrow is real, and so is the hope that outlasts it.","work":"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/a-wonder-book/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-wonder-book:lesson:3","title":"Welcoming the stranger","text":"The villagers set their dogs and children on two ragged travellers, while Baucis and Philemon give them their best seat and their last bread and milk. The guests turn out to be gods; the village becomes a lake, and the old couple's cottage becomes a palace of welcome. The story honors hospitality to people who seem to have nothing to give back.","work":"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/a-wonder-book/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-wonder-book:lesson:4","title":"Faith and patience","text":"Bellerophon waits day after day at the Fountain of Pirene while grown-ups tell him Pegasus does not exist. Only a small child believes him and keeps watch beside him, and in the end Bellerophon says the child's faith won the victory. Patience and trust are shown as a kind of courage.","work":"A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/a-wonder-book/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-wrinkle-in-time:lesson:1","title":"Love is stronger than IT","text":"IT has unlimited knowledge and control but cannot love. Meg, with all her faults, wins her brother back by the one power IT does not have. The book does not make love vague: it is Meg's particular, costly love for Charles Wallace, held on to while IT's rhythm pounds at her.","work":"A Wrinkle in Time","author":"Madeleine L'Engle","url":"/works/a-wrinkle-in-time/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-wrinkle-in-time:lesson:2","title":"Alike is not the same as equal","text":"Camazotz has abolished differences: children bounce balls in time, the boy who misses is punished, and everyone is supposed to be happy. L'Engle shows that sameness enforced by power destroys the persons it claims to make equal.","work":"A Wrinkle in Time","author":"Madeleine L'Engle","url":"/works/a-wrinkle-in-time/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-wrinkle-in-time:lesson:3","title":"Faults can become gifts","text":"Mrs Whatsit gives Meg her own faults, her anger, impatience and stubbornness, and those faults are what keep her from giving in to IT. Meg does not have to become a different person to be useful; her character has to be turned toward the good.","work":"A Wrinkle in Time","author":"Madeleine L'Engle","url":"/works/a-wrinkle-in-time/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"a-wrinkle-in-time:lesson:4","title":"Pride of intellect","text":"Charles Wallace is the cleverest person in the story, and that is why he falls. Thinking he can enter IT's mind and come out again, he is captured. The final chapter's title, from Paul's letter to the Corinthians, says that God chooses the foolish and weak to shame the wise and strong.","work":"A Wrinkle in Time","author":"Madeleine L'Engle","url":"/works/a-wrinkle-in-time/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"aaron-v-sec:lesson:1","title":"One statute, three standards","text":"Stewart's opinion reads the three clauses of Section 17(a) one by one and finds that they ask different questions: the first about the defendant's purpose, the second and third about the effect on investors. Careful attention to each clause produced a split result that neither side had fully urged.","work":"Aaron v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/aaron-v-sec/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"aaron-v-sec:lesson:2","title":"Does the plaintiff change the meaning?","text":"The Second Circuit had held that a government agency seeking an injunction should face a lighter burden than a private party seeking money. The Court rejected the idea that the words of Section 10(b) mean one thing when the SEC sues and another when an investor does, while Blackmun argued that public enforcement and private damages differ in purpose.","work":"Aaron v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/aaron-v-sec/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"aaron-v-sec:lesson:3","title":"Supervision and responsibility","text":"The facts concern a supervisor who learned of his salesmen's false statements and did almost nothing. Burger's concurrence observes that he neither discharged nor rebuked them, and the District Court found that his failure was intentional. The case shows how responsibility in a firm can attach to those who oversee others.","work":"Aaron v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/aaron-v-sec/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"aaron-v-sec:lesson:4","title":"Law and equity","text":"Blackmun's dissent draws on the old distinction between courts of law, which required proof of intent before awarding damages for fraud, and courts of equity, which could undo or stop misrepresentation without it. The majority treated the statutory words as decisive; the dissent treated the equity tradition as part of their meaning.","work":"Aaron v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/aaron-v-sec/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"abington-school-district-v-schempp:lesson:1","title":"The purpose-and-effect test","text":"Clark distilled earlier decisions into two questions: what is the purpose of the law, and what is its primary effect? If either is to advance or inhibit religion, the law exceeds what the Establishment Clause allows. The test gave lower courts a working method and later became the first two prongs of the Lemon test.","work":"Abington School District v. Schempp","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/abington-school-district-v-schempp/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"abington-school-district-v-schempp:lesson:2","title":"Devotion versus study","text":"The Court distinguished between conducting a religious exercise and teaching about religion. Clark wrote that a complete education may include comparative religion and the Bible's literary and historic qualities, so long as the study is presented objectively. The distinction shaped how public schools have approached the Bible ever since.","work":"Abington School District v. Schempp","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/abington-school-district-v-schempp/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"abington-school-district-v-schempp:lesson:3","title":"Neutrality and its critics","text":"All the opinions speak of neutrality, but they mean different things by it. Clark understood it as a government that neither sponsors nor opposes religion. Goldberg warned that rigid neutrality could slide into a brooding devotion to the secular. Stewart argued that forbidding exercises some families wanted might itself place the state's weight on one side of private choice.","work":"Abington School District v. Schempp","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/abington-school-district-v-schempp/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"abington-school-district-v-schempp:lesson:4","title":"Coercion, consent and the majority","text":"Pennsylvania allowed children to be excused, and most families apparently welcomed the exercises. The majority held that excusal did not save a state-organized ceremony and that constitutional rights do not depend on majority vote. Stewart answered that the right question was whether any child was actually coerced, which required fuller records.","work":"Abington School District v. Schempp","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/abington-school-district-v-schempp/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"across-five-aprils:lesson:1","title":"A house divided","text":"Hunt shows the Civil War as a family quarrel in which those on both sides were loved. Bill's choice wounds the Creightons, yet they never stop loving him, and the novel lets a young reader feel why Lincoln spoke of a house divided.","work":"Across Five Aprils","author":"Irene Hunt","url":"/works/across-five-aprils/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"across-five-aprils:lesson:2","title":"Mercy repays mercy","text":"Years before the war Matt stopped a mob from lynching Travis Burdow, and during the war Dave Burdow protects Jethro and helps the family. Lincoln's pardon of Eb repeats the pattern on a national scale.","work":"Across Five Aprils","author":"Irene Hunt","url":"/works/across-five-aprils/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"across-five-aprils:lesson:3","title":"Growing up in hard times","text":"Jethro takes on a man's work at ten and eleven, ploughing, driving to town and making moral choices alone. The book shows responsibility shaping character, and Shad's lessons show that learning helps a boy understand his times rather than merely suffer them.","work":"Across Five Aprils","author":"Irene Hunt","url":"/works/across-five-aprils/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"across-five-aprils:lesson:4","title":"The cost of war at home","text":"Letters bring news of battles far away, but the war's cost is counted in Illinois too: in Tom's death, Matt's illness, the burned barn and the empty places at the table. Hunt makes the distant war personal without glorifying it.","work":"Across Five Aprils","author":"Irene Hunt","url":"/works/across-five-aprils/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"adam-of-the-road:lesson:1","title":"A calling worth keeping","text":"Adam is offered safer lives more than once: a clerk's place with Master Walter and schooling at Oxford. He chooses the minstrel's trade because it is the work he loves and the work of his father. The novel shows a boy weighing comfort against vocation and learning what his chosen trade will demand of him.","work":"Adam of the Road","author":"Elizabeth Janet Gray","url":"/works/adam-of-the-road/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"adam-of-the-road:lesson:2","title":"Faithfulness in searching","text":"For months Adam keeps looking for Nick and Roger, through injury, winter and false leads. Gray makes the search the shape of the book, and Adam's persistence is rewarded only after he has also learned to help others along the way.","work":"Adam of the Road","author":"Elizabeth Janet Gray","url":"/works/adam-of-the-road/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"adam-of-the-road:lesson:3","title":"Strangers on the road","text":"A ferryman's family, a merchant, a priest and his sister all take in a boy they do not know. The players he travels with, by contrast, steal. The book teaches young readers to recognize trustworthy people and to see hospitality as a mark of a good life.","work":"Adam of the Road","author":"Elizabeth Janet Gray","url":"/works/adam-of-the-road/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"adam-of-the-road:lesson:4","title":"Fathers and their faults","text":"Roger is a loving father and a fine minstrel, but his gambling costs him Bayard and sets off every misfortune that follows. Adam continues to honor him without pretending the loss did not happen.","work":"Adam of the Road","author":"Elizabeth Janet Gray","url":"/works/adam-of-the-road/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"adams-selected-writings:lesson:1","title":"Republics need brakes","text":"Adams distrusts every simple concentration of power. His constitutionalism teaches that liberty depends on forms that slow, divide, and discipline ambition.","work":"Thoughts on Government and Selected Letters","author":"John Adams","url":"/works/adams-selected-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"adams-selected-writings:lesson:2","title":"Public service has domestic costs","text":"The letters with Abigail reveal revolution as absence, worry, and unequal labor at home. Political ideals depend on private sacrifices.","work":"Thoughts on Government and Selected Letters","author":"John Adams","url":"/works/adams-selected-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"adams-selected-writings:lesson:3","title":"Rivalry can become historical friendship","text":"The Adams-Jefferson correspondence shows old opponents rethinking their lives together. Political memory can mature into dialogue without erasing disagreement.","work":"Thoughts on Government and Selected Letters","author":"John Adams","url":"/works/adams-selected-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"addington-v-texas:lesson:1","title":"Who should bear the risk of error?","text":"Burger teaches that a standard of proof is a judgment about how mistakes should be distributed. In a money dispute the parties share the risk; in a criminal case society bears almost all of it. Civil commitment falls between, and the Court places more of the risk on the State because the individual's liberty is at stake.","work":"Addington v. Texas","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/addington-v-texas/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"addington-v-texas:lesson:2","title":"The limits of expert knowledge","text":"The Court acknowledges that psychiatric diagnosis rests largely on clinical impressions and that predictions of dangerousness are uncertain. That candor cuts both ways: it is a reason to require more than a preponderance of evidence and also a reason not to demand certainty beyond reasonable doubt.","work":"Addington v. Texas","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/addington-v-texas/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"addington-v-texas:lesson:3","title":"Difference is not illness","text":"Burger warns that every person at times behaves in ways others might find odd, and that such behavior is no basis for confinement. A higher standard of proof guards against commitment based on a few isolated episodes of unusual conduct.","work":"Addington v. Texas","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/addington-v-texas/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"addington-v-texas:lesson:4","title":"Federalism and a constitutional floor","text":"The Court sets a minimum standard but leaves each state free to require more, even proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Burger writes that states must be free to develop varied solutions, illustrating how constitutional rules can establish a floor while preserving room for experiment.","work":"Addington v. Texas","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/addington-v-texas/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"adventures-of-huckleberry-finn:lesson:1","title":"A conscience trained wrong","text":"Huck has been taught by church and town that helping a runaway is theft and sin, and his conscience accuses him for it. His friendship with Jim pulls against those lessons, and in Chapter XXXI he chooses Jim while still believing he is choosing damnation. Twain lets the reader see what Huck cannot: that his heart is right and his teaching wrong.","work":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/adventures-of-huckleberry-finn/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"adventures-of-huckleberry-finn:lesson:2","title":"Jim's dignity on the raft","text":"After the fog in Chapter XV, Huck tries to convince Jim it was all a dream, and Jim's grieved answer shames him into apologizing. On the raft Jim stands Huck's watches, shelters him, and speaks of his own wife and children. The friendship grows out of shared danger and is tested by Huck's habits of thought.","work":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/adventures-of-huckleberry-finn/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"adventures-of-huckleberry-finn:lesson:3","title":"The river and the shore","text":"The raft is the place of freedom and honesty, and nearly every stop on shore shows people at their worst or most foolish: the feud, the shooting of Boggs, the lynch mob, the gulled crowds of the Royal Nonesuch, the greed around the Wilks coffin. Twain's satire falls on the respectable and the swindlers alike.","work":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/adventures-of-huckleberry-finn/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"adventures-of-huckleberry-finn:lesson:4","title":"Romance against reality","text":"Tom Sawyer runs his life by adventure books, and his scheme to free Jim in the style of famous prisoners turns a simple rescue into a cruel game. Huck admires Tom but sees more truly. The ending asks how much of Tom's romance remains in the world around him.","work":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/adventures-of-huckleberry-finn/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"aesops-fables:lesson:1","title":"Power invents its excuses","text":"In The Wolf and the Lamb, the wolf’s charges shift when the lamb answers them; appetite, not justice, drives the end. Children can name the false charges and see how tyranny clothes itself in accusation.","work":"Aesop's Fables","author":"Aesop","url":"/works/aesops-fables/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"aesops-fables:lesson:2","title":"Small kindness can return","text":"The Lion and the Mouse teaches that mercy toward the weak is not wasted; the mouse later frees the lion. Gratitude and humility belong together.","work":"Aesop's Fables","author":"Aesop","url":"/works/aesops-fables/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"aesops-fables:lesson:3","title":"Union is strength","text":"The Father and His Sons shows a bundle of sticks that cannot be broken together but snaps when taken one by one. Quarreling weakens a household.","work":"Aesop's Fables","author":"Aesop","url":"/works/aesops-fables/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles:lesson:1","title":"Respect for authority, and its limits","text":"Al-Razi begins by defending Galen against careless critics, quoting him book by book. Then he says plainly that Galen gave no full account of smallpox and that he must supply what is missing. Real learning honors the masters and still adds what careful observation shows.","work":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","author":"Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes)","url":"/works/al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles:lesson:2","title":"Telling diseases apart","text":"Chapter III shows a physician sorting overlapping symptoms: fever, redness and cough belong to both diseases, but back pain points toward smallpox and anxiety and nausea toward measles. Careful comparison of signs is the beginning of diagnosis.","work":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","author":"Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes)","url":"/works/al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles:lesson:3","title":"Theory and practice","text":"Al-Razi's explanation of smallpox as a fermentation of children's blood belongs to humoral medicine and was later abandoned. Yet his bedside observations, his attention to the eyes and his prognostic signs remained useful for centuries. The treatise shows how practical knowledge can be sound even when the theory behind it is not.","work":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","author":"Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes)","url":"/works/al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles:lesson:4","title":"Medicine under Providence","text":"The treatise begins and ends by acknowledging God: the work is undertaken by God's permission and closes with praise to Him who gave understanding. For al-Razi, careful study of nature and reverence are not in competition.","work":"A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles","author":"Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes)","url":"/works/al-razi-treatise-on-smallpox-and-measles/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"alices-adventures-in-wonderland:lesson:1","title":"Holding on to who you are","text":"Alice's body keeps changing size, and the Caterpillar's question about who she is leaves her unsure. Yet she keeps her manners, her curiosity and her sense of fairness, and those, more than her height, prove to be what makes her Alice.","work":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/alices-adventures-in-wonderland/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"alices-adventures-in-wonderland:lesson:2","title":"Words mean something","text":"Wonderland's creatures twist puns, take idioms literally and argue that saying what you mean is not the same as meaning what you say. The jokes work only because words normally carry fixed meanings, so the book quietly trains readers to listen closely to language.","work":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/alices-adventures-in-wonderland/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"alices-adventures-in-wonderland:lesson:3","title":"Courage to call nonsense by its name","text":"At the trial the Queen wants the sentence before the verdict, and everyone is afraid of her. Alice, grown to full size, says plainly that the idea is nonsense and that the court is only a pack of cards. Seeing clearly and speaking truthfully ends the bad dream.","work":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/alices-adventures-in-wonderland/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"alices-adventures-in-wonderland:lesson:4","title":"Rules that make sense and rules that do not","text":"Alice remembers sensible rules, such as not drinking from a bottle marked poison, and she tries to be polite. Wonderland is full of rules that serve no purpose, like the Caucus-race where everyone wins or the King's Rule Forty-two. The contrast helps children see why good rules exist.","work":"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/alices-adventures-in-wonderland/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"all-quiet-on-the-western-front:lesson:1","title":"Words and things","text":"Kantorek and the men of the home town speak of duty, glory and the Iron Youth; Paul and his friends meet shell-fire, gas, amputation and rats. The book sets the phrases of the schoolroom against the facts of the front and asks what a teacher owes the young before sending them to die.","work":"All Quiet on the Western Front","author":"Erich Maria Remarque","url":"/works/all-quiet-on-the-western-front/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"all-quiet-on-the-western-front:lesson:2","title":"The enemy is a man","text":"In the shell-hole Paul learns the name, trade and family of the man he has stabbed. The enemy as an idea gives way to Gérard Duval, a printer, and Paul begs his forgiveness. The scene is the moral centre of the novel.","work":"All Quiet on the Western Front","author":"Erich Maria Remarque","url":"/works/all-quiet-on-the-western-front/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"all-quiet-on-the-western-front:lesson:3","title":"Comradeship","text":"Kat finds food for everyone, the friends share boots, cigarettes and a stolen goose, and Paul carries Kat on his back to the dressing station. Remarque shows friendship as the one good thing the war gives, and its loss as the deepest wound.","work":"All Quiet on the Western Front","author":"Erich Maria Remarque","url":"/works/all-quiet-on-the-western-front/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"all-quiet-on-the-western-front:lesson:4","title":"A lost generation","text":"Paul says that he and his friends were cut off from life just as they began to love it, and that they no longer know how to go home. The novel is less about a single battle than about young men emptied of their future.","work":"All Quiet on the Western Front","author":"Erich Maria Remarque","url":"/works/all-quiet-on-the-western-front/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"alone-in-berlin:lesson:1","title":"Small resistance still matters","text":"The postcards have almost no measurable effect, yet the novel insists that refusing cooperation with evil preserves the self. Fallada asks whether moral acts must be effective to be worthwhile.","work":"Alone in Berlin","author":"Hans Fallada","url":"/works/alone-in-berlin/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"alone-in-berlin:lesson:2","title":"Terror works through ordinary people","text":"Neighbours, colleagues and finders of the cards hand them in out of fear. The novel shows how a totalitarian state recruits citizens into surveillance and how fear isolates everyone.","work":"Alone in Berlin","author":"Hans Fallada","url":"/works/alone-in-berlin/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"alone-in-berlin:lesson:3","title":"The persecutor is also a prisoner","text":"Escherich begins as a confident professional and ends in despair. The novel suggests that serving cruelty destroys the servant.","work":"Alone in Berlin","author":"Hans Fallada","url":"/works/alone-in-berlin/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history:lesson:1","title":"A soldier writes what he saw","text":"Ammianus was at Cologne in 355, inside Amida in 359 and on the Persian march of 363, and he moves between his own experience and the larger narrative. His eyewitness chapters are among the most vivid in ancient historiography. Students can see how participation gives a historian both authority and a point of view.","work":"The Roman History","author":"Ammianus Marcellinus","url":"/works/ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history:lesson:2","title":"Julian measured in full","text":"Ammianus admired Julian and shared his religion, yet he criticizes Julian's superstition, his love of popularity and his law barring Christian teachers. His assessment in Book XXV lists virtues and faults side by side. The portrait shows how a historian can honour a hero without hiding his errors.","work":"The Roman History","author":"Ammianus Marcellinus","url":"/works/ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history:lesson:3","title":"Disaster from mismanagement","text":"Book XXXI shows that the Goths' crossing in 376 became a war because Roman officials exploited the hungry refugees, and that Valens fought at Adrianople without waiting for his nephew Gratian. Ammianus treats the defeat as the result of human choices as well as fortune.","work":"The Roman History","author":"Ammianus Marcellinus","url":"/works/ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history:lesson:4","title":"Religion in a divided age","text":"Ammianus writes as a believer in the traditional gods during the decades when Christianity became the faith of the court. He records Julian's sharp judgment on quarrelling sects and the bloodshed at the election of Damasus, but also praises sober provincial bishops and calls Julian's ban on Christian teachers cruel.","work":"The Roman History","author":"Ammianus Marcellinus","url":"/works/ammianus-marcellinus-roman-history/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"amos-fortune-free-man:lesson:1","title":"Freedom spent for others","text":"Amos's long-awaited liberty is not the end of his story. He uses his savings again and again to buy the freedom of women who cannot buy their own, remembering his sister. Yates shows freedom as a gift to be used for others rather than a prize to be kept.","work":"Amos Fortune, Free Man","author":"Elizabeth Yates","url":"/works/amos-fortune-free-man/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"amos-fortune-free-man:lesson:2","title":"Anger brought to God","text":"When Violet hides the money, Amos does not strike or shout. He climbs Monadnock and waits until his anger gives way to an answer, then comes down to forgive her. The chapter teaches young readers how to carry a just grievance to God instead of acting on it.","work":"Amos Fortune, Free Man","author":"Elizabeth Yates","url":"/works/amos-fortune-free-man/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"amos-fortune-free-man:lesson:3","title":"Dignity in work","text":"Weaving in Boston and tanning in Woburn and Jaffrey give Amos skill, respect and finally independence. The book honors patient, honest labor done well, and shows how a trade can become the road to freedom and to standing in a community.","work":"Amos Fortune, Free Man","author":"Elizabeth Yates","url":"/works/amos-fortune-free-man/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"amos-fortune-free-man:lesson:4","title":"A free man before he was freed","text":"Yates presents Amos as inwardly free long before he holds a paper of manumission: patient, faithful and master of his own spirit. The book asks readers what kind of freedom no owner can take away.","work":"Amos Fortune, Free Man","author":"Elizabeth Yates","url":"/works/amos-fortune-free-man/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding:lesson:1","title":"Proportion belief to the weight of the evidence","text":"Hume's rule for testimony applies to every claim: weigh the reliability of the source against the improbability of what is reported. The more an event conflicts with uniform experience, the stronger the testimony must be.","work":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding:lesson:2","title":"Every argument from experience rests on an unproven assumption","text":"Section IV shows that the inference from observed to unobserved cases cannot be justified without assuming nature is uniform. Section V shows we make the inference anyway, by custom, which is why the problem of induction is a fact about us as much as about logic.","work":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding:lesson:3","title":"Freedom does not require exemption from causes","text":"Section VIII argues that we already treat human motives as regular causes in history, law and daily life. Liberty is acting according to one's own will, not uncaused action, and responsibility depends on that connexion.","work":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding:lesson:4","title":"Doubt should be moderate enough to live with","text":"Hume rejects both dogmatism and total scepticism. Nature defeats extreme doubt in practice, so the useful lesson of scepticism is modesty: limit enquiry to what experience can check and remain open to correction.","work":"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"an-essay-concerning-human-understanding:lesson:1","title":"Experience writes on a mind that begins blank","text":"Locke denies that any principles are inborn and traces every idea to sensation or reflection. The practical upshot is that education, environment and early impressions shape minds profoundly, for good or ill.","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"an-essay-concerning-human-understanding:lesson:2","title":"A person reaches as far as memory and consciousness reach","text":"Locke separates the human organism from the person, an accountable self constituted by consciousness of past actions. This makes identity a question of psychological continuity, with direct consequences for punishment and responsibility.","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"an-essay-concerning-human-understanding:lesson:3","title":"Chance associations can feel like nature","text":"In Book II, Chapter XXXIII Locke shows how ideas joined by accident or repetition harden into antipathies, fears and prejudices that reason cannot dissolve, and how time can loosen some of them. He urges parents and teachers to prevent such connexions early.","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"an-essay-concerning-human-understanding:lesson:4","title":"Most of life runs on probability, so judge assent by grounds","text":"Book IV narrows certain knowledge and leaves most belief to probable judgment. Locke asks that assent be proportioned to evidence and warns that strong inner conviction, as in enthusiasm, proves nothing about truth.","work":"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"andersen-fairy-tales:lesson:1","title":"The courage to say what is true","text":"In The Emperor's New Clothes everyone pretends to see the cloth so as not to seem foolish or unfit for office, and only a little child says that the emperor has nothing on. Andersen shows how fear of others' opinions can make a whole town lie, and how simple honesty can break the spell.","work":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/andersen-fairy-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"andersen-fairy-tales:lesson:2","title":"Real beauty and false glitter","text":"The emperor of China prefers a jeweled clockwork bird to the plain nightingale, and the princess in The Swineherd prefers a toy rattle to a real rose. Both learn, too late or nearly too late, that the living thing is worth more than the showy imitation.","work":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/andersen-fairy-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"andersen-fairy-tales:lesson:3","title":"Faithful love that suffers","text":"Gerda walks barefoot across the world for Kay, Eliza keeps silent while her hands blister from nettles, and the little sea maid bears pain with every step. Andersen honors love that gives itself away, even when it is not repaid.","work":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/andersen-fairy-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"andersen-fairy-tales:lesson:4","title":"Humility after hardship","text":"The ugly duckling is mocked, chased and nearly frozen, yet when he becomes a swan he is happy and not at all proud. The tale teaches that suffering patiently borne can make a person gentle rather than bitter.","work":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/andersen-fairy-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"andersen-fairy-tales:lesson:5","title":"Contentment and the present moment","text":"The Fir Tree is always longing for the next thing, to be cut down, to be decorated, to be brought out again, and only appreciates the forest and the Christmas evening once they are gone. The story invites children to enjoy the good gifts they have now.","work":"Fairy Tales (Selection)","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/andersen-fairy-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"animal-farm:lesson:1","title":"Words bent to serve power","text":"The Seven Commandments are never openly repealed; Squealer simply adds a few words at night and tells the animals they misremembered. Orwell shows that a people who cannot read, remember and argue can be ruled by whoever controls the wording of their laws and the story of their past.","work":"Animal Farm","author":"George Orwell","url":"/works/animal-farm/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"animal-farm:lesson:2","title":"Boxer's loyalty","text":"Boxer is the most admirable animal on the farm, and his two maxims, that he will work harder and that Napoleon is always right, are what doom him. The book honours his strength and goodness while showing that faithfulness without judgment can be used by the unscrupulous.","work":"Animal Farm","author":"George Orwell","url":"/works/animal-farm/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"animal-farm:lesson:3","title":"The silent onlooker","text":"Benjamin can read as well as any pig and sees what is happening, but he refuses to speak until the van comes for Boxer, when it is too late. The fable asks what a clear-sighted person owes to those who cannot see.","work":"Animal Farm","author":"George Orwell","url":"/works/animal-farm/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"animal-farm:lesson:4","title":"How revolutions are betrayed","text":"Major's dream is of a farm where no animal rules another, yet within a few years the pigs live as Jones did. Orwell traces the steps: special portions explained as necessities, a private force of dogs, a rival made into a scapegoat, public confessions and a cult of the leader.","work":"Animal Farm","author":"George Orwell","url":"/works/animal-farm/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"anna-komnene-alexiad:lesson:1","title":"History as rescue from oblivion","text":"Anna opens with the image of time as a river that drowns all things, and of history as a bulwark against it. She writes so that great deeds will not be lost in silence, and she promises to blame friends and praise enemies when the facts require. Her history is both a daughter's tribute and an attempt at the historian's discipline, and readers can watch both at work.","work":"The Alexiad","author":"Anna Komnene","url":"/works/anna-komnene-alexiad/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"anna-komnene-alexiad:lesson:2","title":"An empire seen from within","text":"The First Crusade is usually told from the side of the Western knights. Anna shows it from Constantinople: an emperor who had asked for mercenaries suddenly receives whole peoples on the march, must feed and guide them, secure oaths that cities taken will be returned, and guard his capital. Her view of the Franks as brave, talkative and grasping is one side of a meeting of two Christian worlds.","work":"The Alexiad","author":"Anna Komnene","url":"/works/anna-komnene-alexiad/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"anna-komnene-alexiad:lesson:3","title":"Rule as endurance","text":"Anna's Alexios is less a conqueror than a man who holds an empire together through decades of crisis by patience, stratagem and labor. She shows him sitting like a bronze statue through endless audiences, campaigning while crippled by gout, and leading refugees home in a protected square. Endurance in duty is her measure of greatness.","work":"The Alexiad","author":"Anna Komnene","url":"/works/anna-komnene-alexiad/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"anna-komnene-alexiad:lesson:4","title":"Charity in stone","text":"In Book XV Anna describes the Orphanage that Alexios built in Constantinople: a city within the city for orphans, the old, the blind and the lame, with servants assigned to the disabled and a school for the young. She compares it to Solomon's porch and to Christ's healing of the blind and lame. Public works of mercy are part of her portrait of a Christian emperor.","work":"The Alexiad","author":"Anna Komnene","url":"/works/anna-komnene-alexiad/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"anne-of-green-gables:lesson:1","title":"Belonging is given and received","text":"Anne is wanted by mistake and kept by choice. Marilla's decision, Matthew's quiet love and Anne's gratitude show adoption as a family built by commitment, and Anne's question of where she belongs is answered at Green Gables.","work":"Anne of Green Gables","author":"L. M. Montgomery","url":"/works/anne-of-green-gables/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"anne-of-green-gables:lesson:2","title":"Imagination needs discipline","text":"Anne's imagination comforts her and fills the world with beauty, but it also produces the Haunted Wood terror, the liniment cake and the sinking boat. Montgomery shows imagination growing wiser rather than being crushed.","work":"Anne of Green Gables","author":"L. M. Montgomery","url":"/works/anne-of-green-gables/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"anne-of-green-gables:lesson:3","title":"Temper, pride and forgiveness","text":"Anne forgives Mrs. Lynde quickly but nurses her grudge against Gilbert for years. Her final reconciliation with him shows that pride costs friendship and humility restores it.","work":"Anne of Green Gables","author":"L. M. Montgomery","url":"/works/anne-of-green-gables/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"anne-of-green-gables:lesson:4","title":"Sacrifice chosen gladly","text":"Anne gives up the Avery scholarship to stay with Marilla, and does it without bitterness. The narrower path still holds work, friendship and hope.","work":"Anne of Green Gables","author":"L. M. Montgomery","url":"/works/anne-of-green-gables/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ansary-destiny-disrupted:lesson:1","title":"Every people tells a story of the world","text":"Ansary's central idea is that history depends on where the storyteller stands. The same centuries look different from Baghdad than from Paris, and the events that seem central to one people may hardly appear in another's account. Learning another people's story is a way of understanding their hopes and grievances.","work":"Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes","author":"Tamim Ansary","url":"/works/ansary-destiny-disrupted/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ansary-destiny-disrupted:lesson:2","title":"Faith as a community project","text":"Ansary presents early Islam not only as a set of beliefs but as an effort to build a just community under God, beginning with the hijra to Medina. Many later debates, about who should lead, how law should be applied and how to respond to outside powers, can be understood as arguments about that project.","work":"Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes","author":"Tamim Ansary","url":"/works/ansary-destiny-disrupted/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ansary-destiny-disrupted:lesson:3","title":"Catastrophe and recovery","text":"The Mongol destruction of Baghdad was, in Ansary's telling, a far deeper wound to the Muslim world than the Crusades. Yet within a few centuries three powerful empires rose again. The book invites reflection on how civilizations absorb disaster and rebuild.","work":"Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes","author":"Tamim Ansary","url":"/works/ansary-destiny-disrupted/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ansary-destiny-disrupted:lesson:4","title":"Many answers to one challenge","text":"When European power arrived, Muslim responses varied widely: return to the sources of the faith, reform and synthesis with Western learning, secular modernization, nationalism, and later political Islam. Ansary presents each in the terms its advocates used, which helps readers see that the modern Muslim world is not one voice.","work":"Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes","author":"Tamim Ansary","url":"/works/ansary-destiny-disrupted/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"apollodorus-library:lesson:1","title":"A map of the myths","text":"The Library arranges hundreds of myths by family trees, so the reader sees how Perseus, Heracles, Oedipus and Agamemnon belong to connected houses. It is the backbone behind the epics and tragedies, and reading it shows how the Greeks thought of their past as a vast genealogy.","work":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","author":"Apollodorus (attributed)","url":"/works/apollodorus-library/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"apollodorus-library:lesson:2","title":"Many versions, honestly reported","text":"The author repeatedly says 'some say' and names Hesiod, Acusilaus, Pherecydes or Euripides for different versions, as with the cause of the madness of Proetus's daughters. The Library models careful scholarship that records disagreement instead of hiding it.","work":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","author":"Apollodorus (attributed)","url":"/works/apollodorus-library/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"apollodorus-library:lesson:3","title":"Pride and its limits","text":"Again and again mortals who compete with gods, from Niobe to the resisters of Dionysus, are destroyed, and even the healer Asclepius is struck down when he raises the dead. The Library records a world in which the boundary between human and divine must not be crossed.","work":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","author":"Apollodorus (attributed)","url":"/works/apollodorus-library/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"apollodorus-library:lesson:4","title":"Labour and endurance","text":"Heracles performs his labours as penance after killing his children in madness, and is promised immortality when they are done. The Library presents heroic endurance as a path through guilt toward a reward.","work":"The Library (Bibliotheca)","author":"Apollodorus (attributed)","url":"/works/apollodorus-library/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"apologia-pro-vita-sua:lesson:1","title":"Answering a charge with a whole life","text":"Accused of indifference to truth, Newman decides that only the full history of his opinions will show what he is. He sets aside point-by-point rebuttal in favour of narrative, on the conviction that a reader who sees the whole person can judge his sincerity. The Apologia is thus a model of answering an attack on character with candour rather than counter-attack.","work":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","author":"John Henry Newman","url":"/works/apologia-pro-vita-sua/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"apologia-pro-vita-sua:lesson:2","title":"Difficulty is not doubt","text":"In Part VII Newman says that he feels the intellectual difficulties of the Creed as keenly as anyone, but that ten thousand difficulties do not make one doubt. A person can be unable to solve a problem without doubting that it has an answer. The distinction gives students a way to hold faith honestly while facing hard questions.","work":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","author":"John Henry Newman","url":"/works/apologia-pro-vita-sua/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"apologia-pro-vita-sua:lesson:3","title":"Following conscience at great cost","text":"Newman's conversion cost him his Oxford fellowship, his pulpit at St. Mary's, many friendships and his standing in English public life. He describes leaving Littlemore and never seeing Oxford again except its spires from the railway. The book shows a man acting on conviction slowly and carefully, while his Anglican friends Keble and Pusey, acting on their own convictions, stayed where they were.","work":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","author":"John Henry Newman","url":"/works/apologia-pro-vita-sua/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"apologia-pro-vita-sua:lesson:4","title":"The Church and the meaning of tradition","text":"Newman's via media held that the Church of England kept the faith of the early Church between Rome and popular Protestantism. Studying the Monophysites and Augustine's judgement on the Donatists, he came to believe that the whole Church's settled judgement decides disputes. Anglican readers continued to defend the via media as a coherent position; the Apologia lets students follow the argument as Newman lived it.","work":"Apologia Pro Vita Sua","author":"John Henry Newman","url":"/works/apologia-pro-vita-sua/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"archimedes-the-method:lesson:1","title":"Discovery and proof are different tasks","text":"Archimedes distinguishes the way a truth is found from the way it is established. Weighing imaginary slices showed him that a parabolic segment is four thirds of a triangle, but he says plainly that this has been conjectured rather than proved, and he supplies a geometrical demonstration elsewhere. Good inquiry uses both: a fruitful way of seeing and a strict way of checking.","work":"The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics)","author":"Archimedes","url":"/works/archimedes-the-method/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"archimedes-the-method:lesson:2","title":"Giving credit to predecessors","text":"Archimedes says that no little credit is due to Democritus, who stated the volume of the cone without proof, even though Eudoxus was the first to demonstrate it. He treats insight and rigour as both worthy of honour, and he writes so that later mathematicians can build on his method.","work":"The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics)","author":"Archimedes","url":"/works/archimedes-the-method/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"archimedes-the-method:lesson:3","title":"Mathematics and the physical world","text":"Plutarch reports that Archimedes despised practical arts, yet The Method uses the lever and the centre of gravity, ideas from mechanics, to discover truths of pure geometry. Smith's introduction draws attention to this link between pure and applied mathematics.","work":"The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics)","author":"Archimedes","url":"/works/archimedes-the-method/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"archimedes-the-method:lesson:4","title":"A lost book recovered","text":"The only copy of The Method survived because a thirteenth-century scribe reused the parchment for a prayer book. Heiberg recognized the older writing underneath and read it in 1906, so a work lost since the Middle Ages returned to mathematics. Knowledge depends on copying, preservation and the patient labour of scholars.","work":"The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics)","author":"Archimedes","url":"/works/archimedes-the-method/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"arendt-the-origins-of-totalitarianism:lesson:1","title":"A new form of government needs new categories","text":"Arendt insists that totalitarianism is not simply tyranny or dictatorship carried further. Tyranny rules by fear for the ruler's interest; totalitarian rule tries to make human beings fit an ideological law of nature or history and to dominate them entirely. Understanding it, she says, means facing reality without reaching for comfortable precedents.","work":"The Origins of Totalitarianism","author":"Hannah Arendt","url":"/works/arendt-the-origins-of-totalitarianism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"arendt-the-origins-of-totalitarianism:lesson:2","title":"Rights need a political home","text":"In the chapter on statelessness, Arendt observes that refugees after 1918 had every human right on paper and none in practice, because no government would guarantee them. She concludes that the most basic right is to belong to a political community where one's actions and opinions count.","work":"The Origins of Totalitarianism","author":"Hannah Arendt","url":"/works/arendt-the-origins-of-totalitarianism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"arendt-the-origins-of-totalitarianism:lesson:3","title":"Loneliness as a political condition","text":"Arendt locates the ground of totalitarian movements not in poverty or wickedness alone but in masses of people cut off from one another, from class and party and common world. Isolation in public life and loneliness in private life prepared people to accept a fictional world that explained everything.","work":"The Origins of Totalitarianism","author":"Hannah Arendt","url":"/works/arendt-the-origins-of-totalitarianism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"arendt-the-origins-of-totalitarianism:lesson:4","title":"Every end contains a beginning","text":"After the darkest pages of the book, Arendt closes with Augustine: each human birth is a new beginning, and the capacity to begin is the root of freedom. Total domination aims precisely at destroying spontaneity, so the persistence of new persons is a kind of hope.","work":"The Origins of Totalitarianism","author":"Hannah Arendt","url":"/works/arendt-the-origins-of-totalitarianism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"areopagitica:lesson:1","title":"Virtue must be tested to be real","text":"Milton's central moral claim is that goodness which has never faced temptation is untried innocence, not virtue. Since the fall, good is known alongside evil, and the Christian is a warfaring soldier who must see vice, understand it, and still choose the better. Shielding adults from every bad book cannot make them good.","work":"Areopagitica","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/areopagitica/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"areopagitica:lesson:2","title":"Truth is found by many hands over time","text":"The myth of Osiris pictures truth scattered in pieces, to be gathered by patient searchers until Christ's return. Milton thinks the Reformation is still unfinished and that new light will come through argument, writing and study. A licenser who fixes what may be printed stops the search before it is done.","work":"Areopagitica","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/areopagitica/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"areopagitica:lesson:3","title":"Judge books after they appear, not before","text":"Milton does not deny that the state may burn or punish books that prove blasphemous or libellous. His objection is to prior restraint, the requirement that every book pass a licenser before it can be born. His history argues that ancient and early Christian authorities punished after publication and that licensing came later.","work":"Areopagitica","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/areopagitica/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"areopagitica:lesson:4","title":"A nation that reads and argues is a strong nation","text":"Milton praises England's quick and ingenious spirit and London's busy pens as signs of a nation rousing itself. Free inquiry, in his view, is part of a people's vigour and calling, not a danger to its order.","work":"Areopagitica","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/areopagitica/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"argonautica:lesson:1","title":"A leader who needs others","text":"Jason is chosen captain only after Heracles refuses the post, and he often despairs. He succeeds by persuasion, by counsel from Phineus and Argus, and above all by Medea's help, which makes the poem a study of a different kind of heroism from Achilles' self-sufficient strength.","work":"The Argonautica","author":"Apollonius of Rhodes","url":"/works/argonautica/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"argonautica:lesson:2","title":"Love as an arrow and a fire","text":"Apollonius shows love arriving from outside, through Eros' arrow, and then working within Medea as heat, sleeplessness and divided thought. The night scene of Book III follows her reasoning back and forth between shame before her parents and longing for the stranger.","work":"The Argonautica","author":"Apollonius of Rhodes","url":"/works/argonautica/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"argonautica:lesson:3","title":"The price of the fleece","text":"The prize is won through a betrayal of Medea's father and the killing of her brother, and Zeus sends storms until Circe purifies the pair. The epic does not hide the cost of success, and readers who know Euripides' Medea feel the shadow of what will happen in Corinth.","work":"The Argonautica","author":"Apollonius of Rhodes","url":"/works/argonautica/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"argonautica:lesson:4","title":"The world mapped by myth","text":"The poem explains the origin of rites, place-names and tombs along its route, from the barrow of Sthenelus to the shrine on Anaphe. For an Alexandrian scholar the voyage was a way of joining geography, cult and story into one map of the Greek world.","work":"The Argonautica","author":"Apollonius of Rhodes","url":"/works/argonautica/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"aristotle-poetics:lesson:1","title":"Plot as the soul of drama","text":"Aristotle ranks the arrangement of incidents above character, because tragedy imitates action and life, and happiness and misery consist in action. A play of fine speeches without a well-built plot will move an audience less than a plainer play with one. The lesson for readers is to watch how events cause one another.","work":"Poetics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-poetics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"aristotle-poetics:lesson:2","title":"Poetry and the universal","text":"In Chapter IX history tells what Alcibiades did, while poetry shows what a certain kind of person would probably or necessarily do. For that reason Aristotle calls poetry more philosophical than history. Fiction, on this view, is a way of knowing human nature, not a holiday from truth.","work":"Poetics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-poetics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"aristotle-poetics:lesson:3","title":"The tragic error","text":"Aristotle's best tragic hero is neither a saint nor a villain but someone like us, highly placed, who falls through hamartia, a great error or frailty. A good man ruined without cause shocks us, and a bad man ruined satisfies justice but stirs no pity. Scholars still debate whether hamartia means a mistake of fact, as with Oedipus's ignorance, or a flaw of character.","work":"Poetics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-poetics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"aristotle-poetics:lesson:4","title":"Pity, fear and catharsis","text":"Aristotle says tragedy works through pity and fear to bring about catharsis of those emotions, and that the effect should come from the story itself, so that even hearing the tale of Oedipus makes one shudder. He never explains catharsis in the Poetics, and readers have taken it as purgation, purification, or clarification. The treatise treats emotion as something art can educate rather than simply excite.","work":"Poetics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-poetics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics:lesson:1","title":"To know is to know the cause","text":"Aristotle distinguishes knowing that something is so from knowing why it must be so. The physician may know from experience that circular wounds heal slowly; the geometer knows the reason. Scientific knowledge, in his strict sense, is the second kind.","work":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics:lesson:2","title":"Knowledge begins in the senses","text":"Posterior Analytics II.19 traces knowledge from perception to memory, from memory to experience, and from experience to the universal grasped by intuition. Aristotle rejects both innate knowledge in a finished form and an endless chain of proofs.","work":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics:lesson:3","title":"Nature acts for an end","text":"In Physics II Aristotle argues against those who explain natural things by necessity and chance alone. Regular outcomes, such as the swallow's nest, the spider's web and the downward roots of plants, show purpose in nature even though nature does not deliberate.","work":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics:lesson:4","title":"Every series of movers needs a first","text":"Physics VIII argues that motion is eternal and that the chain of things moved by others cannot be infinite, so there must be a first mover that is itself unmoved. Medieval thinkers, Jewish, Muslim and Christian, adapted the argument to reason about God.","work":"Posterior Analytics and Physics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/aristotle-posterior-analytics-and-physics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"around-the-world-in-eighty-days:lesson:1","title":"Precision as character","text":"Fogg’s punctuality is moral coolness under pressure, not mere fussiness.","work":"Around the World in Eighty Days","author":"Jules Verne","url":"/works/around-the-world-in-eighty-days/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"around-the-world-in-eighty-days:lesson:2","title":"Servant to friend","text":"Passepartout grows into loyal companionship through errors and courage.","work":"Around the World in Eighty Days","author":"Jules Verne","url":"/works/around-the-world-in-eighty-days/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"around-the-world-in-eighty-days:lesson:3","title":"Geography alive","text":"Routes teach the world’s shape through urgency and real places.","work":"Around the World in Eighty Days","author":"Jules Verne","url":"/works/around-the-world-in-eighty-days/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"articles-of-confederation:lesson:1","title":"A league of sovereign states","text":"Article II keeps each state's sovereignty and every power not expressly delegated, and Article III calls the union a league of friendship. The Articles describe something between an alliance and a nation, and that choice shaped every other provision.","work":"The Articles of Confederation","author":"Continental Congress","url":"/works/articles-of-confederation/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"articles-of-confederation:lesson:2","title":"Equal votes for unequal states","text":"Article V gives each state one vote in Congress regardless of population, and Article IX requires nine states for the most serious decisions. Small and large states argued over this rule, and the argument returned at the Constitutional Convention of 1787.","work":"The Articles of Confederation","author":"Continental Congress","url":"/works/articles-of-confederation/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"articles-of-confederation:lesson:3","title":"Power to ask but not to compel","text":"Article VIII lets Congress set each state's share of common expenses but leaves the actual taxing to the state legislatures. When states failed to pay, Congress had no means to collect, one of the weaknesses that led to the call for a new Constitution.","work":"The Articles of Confederation","author":"Continental Congress","url":"/works/articles-of-confederation/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"articles-of-confederation:lesson:4","title":"The difficulty of change","text":"Article XIII made the Union perpetual and required every state legislature to confirm any amendment. Proposals to give Congress a modest import duty failed because a single state could refuse, and the framers of 1787 instead wrote a new plan with its own ratification rule.","work":"The Articles of Confederation","author":"Continental Congress","url":"/works/articles-of-confederation/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"as-we-may-think:lesson:1","title":"Information overload is an old modern problem","text":"Bush shows that abundance can become a form of scarcity when retrieval fails. More knowledge helps only if people can find, connect, and use it without drowning in the archive.","work":"As We May Think","author":"Vannevar Bush","url":"/works/as-we-may-think/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"as-we-may-think:lesson:2","title":"Tools should honor human association","text":"The Memex matters because it begins from how people link ideas, not from how filing systems prefer to sort them. Design becomes humane when it follows the grain of thought.","work":"As We May Think","author":"Vannevar Bush","url":"/works/as-we-may-think/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"as-we-may-think:lesson:3","title":"Peace can inherit wartime machinery","text":"The essay tries to redirect the organization and ambition of wartime science toward civil intellectual life. Its optimism is inspiring, but it also shows how deeply peacetime technology can be shaped by military mobilization.","work":"As We May Think","author":"Vannevar Bush","url":"/works/as-we-may-think/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"as-you-like-it:lesson:1","title":"Adversity as a teacher","text":"Duke Senior opens Act 2 by thanking the winter wind for telling him the truth that courtiers never did. Exile strips away flattery and leaves the exiles with friendship, music and plain food. Shakespeare does not pretend the forest is comfortable; Adam nearly starves there. But he shows how a good man can find good in everything without denying that the cold bites.","work":"As You Like It","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/as-you-like-it/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"as-you-like-it:lesson:2","title":"Love that can bear the truth","text":"Disguised as Ganymede, Rosalind lets Orlando court her while she mocks the poses of lovers: that men die for love, that wives stay as sweet as on the wedding day. Her teasing does not kill his love but tests whether it is real. The play suggests that love worth marrying on can survive honest speech about time, temper and human weakness.","work":"As You Like It","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/as-you-like-it/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"as-you-like-it:lesson:3","title":"Old service and new fashions","text":"Adam offers Orlando his savings and his strength, and Orlando praises him as a servant of the antique world who worked for duty, not reward. Orlando repays him by carrying him to the Duke's table. Loyalty across age and rank is one of the steadiest goods in the play.","work":"As You Like It","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/as-you-like-it/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"as-you-like-it:lesson:4","title":"Conversion and restoration","text":"Two villains are changed in the forest: Oliver, after his brother risks his life for him, and Duke Frederick, after he meets an old religious man. The comedy ends not only with marriages but with repentance and the return of what was stolen. Jaques chooses to go and learn from the convert rather than join the dance.","work":"As You Like It","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/as-you-like-it/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics:lesson:1","title":"Finding versus making","text":"The decision turns on an old distinction in patent law between what a person discovers in the world and what a person makes. Thomas grants that locating the BRCA genes was valuable work, yet he holds that patents reward the creation of new things, not the uncovering of what already exists in every human cell.","work":"Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics:lesson:2","title":"Information or chemistry?","text":"Myriad argued that an isolated gene is a distinct chemical because bonds are broken when it is removed. The Court answered that the claims were drawn to the genetic sequence, the information the gene carries, and that this information was unchanged. How a patent claim is written can decide its fate.","work":"Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics:lesson:3","title":"A line drawn through the middle","text":"The Court did not hand either side a full victory: natural gene sequences were not patentable, but cDNA was. Drawing that line let the justices respect the product-of-nature rule while still protecting laboratory creations, the kind of incentive the patent system exists to provide.","work":"Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics:lesson:4","title":"Judges and scientific detail","text":"Scalia's brief concurrence raises a question every court faces in technical cases: how far should judges vouch for science they cannot check for themselves? He relied on the expert briefs for the essential facts while declining to adopt the fuller explanation in the opinion.","work":"Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/association-for-molecular-pathology-v-myriad-genetics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"athenian-constitution:lesson:1","title":"Solon's middle course","text":"Solon freed the poor from debt slavery but refused to redistribute land, and his poems show him standing between the parties with his shield held over both. The book presents him as a model of the moderate legislator who disappoints everyone and saves the city.","work":"The Athenian Constitution","author":"Aristotle (attributed)","url":"/works/athenian-constitution/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"athenian-constitution:lesson:2","title":"A constitution is a history","text":"The author counts eleven changes of constitution from Ion and Theseus to the restoration of 403. Athenian government is shown not as a single design but as a long series of reforms, revolutions and restorations.","work":"The Athenian Constitution","author":"Aristotle (attributed)","url":"/works/athenian-constitution/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"athenian-constitution:lesson:3","title":"Institutions designed against corruption","text":"The second half shows how Athens used the lot, large juries, rotation, audits and secret ballots to keep officials and courts from being bought. The author approves the transfer of judgment to large bodies because small ones are easier to corrupt.","work":"The Athenian Constitution","author":"Aristotle (attributed)","url":"/works/athenian-constitution/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"athenian-constitution:lesson:4","title":"Reconciliation after civil war","text":"After the rule of the Thirty, the restored democracy swore an amnesty for all but a few. The author praises the Athenians for the way they handled past wrongs, contrasting them with cities that took revenge.","work":"The Athenian Constitution","author":"Aristotle (attributed)","url":"/works/athenian-constitution/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"atlanta-exposition-address:lesson:1","title":"Beginning where you are","text":"The parable of the bucket teaches that help is often nearer than we think, and that progress begins with the work at hand rather than in a distant place. Washington applies this to a people only thirty years out of slavery, urging the patient building of skill, property, and character.","work":"Atlanta Exposition Address","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/atlanta-exposition-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"atlanta-exposition-address:lesson:2","title":"The dignity of labor","text":"Washington insists that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem and that a people must learn to put brains and skill into the common occupations of life. This conviction shaped Tuskegee, where students built the buildings in which they studied.","work":"Atlanta Exposition Address","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/atlanta-exposition-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"atlanta-exposition-address:lesson:3","title":"Strategy and principle in a hard time","text":"Washington spoke to a white Southern audience as segregation and disfranchisement were spreading. He chose to stress economic partnership and to set aside the demand for social equality, while still claiming the full rights of the law. Du Bois answered that rights deferred would not be granted. Students can weigh both men's reasoning within their circumstances.","work":"Atlanta Exposition Address","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/atlanta-exposition-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie:lesson:1","title":"Work as service to one's family","text":"Carnegie's first job as a bobbin boy was hard and dull, but he says no later millions gave him such happiness as his first week's pay, because it made him a helper of the family. His mother's washing of his one white shirt every Saturday night and his father's long hours appear as acts of love. The book links early work with gratitude and duty at home.","work":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","author":"Andrew Carnegie","url":"/works/autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie:lesson:2","title":"Books open doors","text":"Colonel James Anderson's Saturday library gave the working boys of Allegheny the use of four hundred books, and Carnegie wrote his first letter to a newspaper so that messenger boys would be included. He later founded libraries so that other boys might gain what he had gained. The lesson is that a single generous act can shape a whole life and be repaid many times over.","work":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","author":"Andrew Carnegie","url":"/works/autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie:lesson:3","title":"Seizing responsibility","text":"In Chapter VI young Carnegie finds the railroad tied up by an accident while Scott is away and, against the rules, sends out train orders in Scott's name to clear the line. He presents this as the moment he showed he could be trusted with authority, and he admits the risk he took. The episode shows both initiative and its dangers.","work":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","author":"Andrew Carnegie","url":"/works/autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie:lesson:4","title":"The duties of wealth","text":"Carnegie argued in his essays later collected as The Gospel of Wealth that a rich man should spend his later years distributing his surplus wisely for the public good. After 1901 he tried to do exactly this, funding libraries, science, heroes' families, teachers' pensions and peace. Readers can weigh his reasoning, his methods and the questions about wealth and labor that his life raised for his contemporaries.","work":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","author":"Andrew Carnegie","url":"/works/autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie:lesson:5","title":"Facing a painful failure","text":"Carnegie writes that the Homestead strike of 1892 wounded him more deeply than anything else in his career. He defends his firm's offer and blames the union leaders and an inexperienced superintendent, while admitting that the works should not have been reopened with new men. Many in his own day, especially the workers and their supporters, saw the event very differently, so the chapter is best read alongside other accounts.","work":"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie","author":"Andrew Carnegie","url":"/works/autobiography-of-andrew-carnegie/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini:lesson:1","title":"The discipline behind a masterpiece","text":"The casting of the Perseus in Book II shows years of modelling, a furnace built to Cellini's design, the failure of the metal to flow, and his decision to throw two hundred pewter dishes into the channels. Great art here depends on technical knowledge, risk and stubborn labour as much as on genius.","work":"The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini","author":"Benvenuto Cellini","url":"/works/autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini:lesson:2","title":"Pride, honour and the price of anger","text":"Cellini measures himself by honour and answers insults with the dagger, and he narrates his killings and quarrels without shame. The book also shows what this costs him: exile, flight, papal displeasure and the long imprisonment of 1538. Readers watch a gifted man repeatedly undone by his own temper.","work":"The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini","author":"Benvenuto Cellini","url":"/works/autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini:lesson:3","title":"Conversion in the dungeon","text":"In the dark cell of Castel Sant'Angelo Cellini reads the Bible from the beginning, sings psalms, despairs, is held back from self-destruction, and sees a vision of Christ and the Madonna in the sun. He interprets his deliverance as grace, and the prison chapters are the most explicitly religious in the book.","work":"The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini","author":"Benvenuto Cellini","url":"/works/autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini:lesson:4","title":"Patrons and artists","text":"Popes, a king and a duke compete for Cellini's work, yet he must flatter, plead for payment and guard against courtiers and rivals. The book is a close record of how Renaissance art was commissioned, paid for and judged, and of how dependent the artist was on powerful favour.","work":"The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini","author":"Benvenuto Cellini","url":"/works/autobiography-of-benvenuto-cellini/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i:lesson:1","title":"Theory serves judgment","text":"Ibn Sina insists that medical theory and practice are not two sciences but two aspects of one: theory gives knowledge, and practice is the knowledge that lets a physician form an opinion on which to base treatment. Learning principles is for the sake of sound judgment at the bedside.","work":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","author":"Ibn Sina (Avicenna)","url":"/works/avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i:lesson:2","title":"Mind and body in one regimen","text":"Book I treats the passions as causes of bodily change and calls for guarding children from anger, fear, despondency and sleeplessness, because habits of mind and states of the body shape each other. Ibn Sina makes emotional formation part of hygiene.","work":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","author":"Ibn Sina (Avicenna)","url":"/works/avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i:lesson:3","title":"Inheriting and ordering a tradition","text":"The Canon gathers Hippocrates, Galen, Aristotle and later physicians into one ordered system, noting where they disagree, as on the heart and brain. Its strength is clear arrangement, which made it a textbook for six centuries.","work":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","author":"Ibn Sina (Avicenna)","url":"/works/avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i:lesson:4","title":"Caution in treatment","text":"Part 4 counsels leaving an unclear disease to nature, allaying pain first, using poppy no further than needed, and avoiding excessive evacuation. These rules show a measured therapeutics within the humoral framework.","work":"The Canon of Medicine, Book I","author":"Ibn Sina (Avicenna)","url":"/works/avicenna-canon-of-medicine-book-i/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"baker-v-carr:lesson:1","title":"Political rights and political questions","text":"Brennan drew a sharp line: a lawsuit about voting is a political case, but it is not therefore a political question. The doctrine, he said, protects the separation of the federal branches, not the states from federal courts.","work":"Baker v. Carr","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/baker-v-carr/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"baker-v-carr:lesson:2","title":"A deadlocked legislature","text":"Tennessee's legislators were chosen under the very districts the voters challenged, and amending the state constitution required the legislature's own action. The voters argued that only courts could break the circle, while Tennessee replied that the people retained political remedies.","work":"Baker v. Carr","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/baker-v-carr/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"baker-v-carr:lesson:3","title":"Neither purse nor sword","text":"Frankfurter borrowed Hamilton's description of the judiciary in Federalist No. 78 to argue that the Court depends on public confidence and should not enter fights it cannot finish. Brennan answered that deciding the limits of each branch's authority is itself the Court's duty as ultimate interpreter of the Constitution.","work":"Baker v. Carr","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/baker-v-carr/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"baker-v-carr:lesson:4","title":"Deciding the door, not the room","text":"Baker decided only that federal courts could hear the case. It announced no standard of equality and no remedy, leaving those to later cases; Frankfurter thought that was its weakness, while the majority thought it was proper judicial modesty.","work":"Baker v. Carr","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/baker-v-carr/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"balzac-father-goriot:lesson:1","title":"A father's love without measure","text":"Goriot gives his daughters fortunes, rank and finally his silver, annuities and health, and asks only to see them. The novel presents his devotion as both sublime and disordered: he never asks anything of them, and they learn to take everything. Balzac makes the reader feel the tragedy without letting Goriot off as blameless.","work":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","author":"Honoré de Balzac","url":"/works/balzac-father-goriot/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"balzac-father-goriot:lesson:2","title":"Three teachers for one student","text":"Rastignac receives three educations: Mme. de Beauséant teaches him society's cold rules, Vautrin offers the criminal's frank version of the same rules, and Goriot shows him love that society despises. Eugène refuses Vautrin's crime but adopts much of the Vicomtesse's counsel.","work":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","author":"Honoré de Balzac","url":"/works/balzac-father-goriot/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"balzac-father-goriot:lesson:3","title":"The price of a place in society","text":"Every rise in the novel has a cost: the Restaud diamonds, the Nucingen fortune, the savings of Eugène's mother and sisters, young Taillefer's life. Balzac's society runs on money that is always someone else's, and the boarding house sits beneath the grand houses as their hidden foundation.","work":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","author":"Honoré de Balzac","url":"/works/balzac-father-goriot/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"balzac-father-goriot:lesson:4","title":"Kindness among the poor","text":"At the end, the only people who tend Goriot are two students and the servant Christophe, who lend money, pawn a watch and stand at the grave. The empty carriages of the daughters' families make the contrast plain.","work":"Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)","author":"Honoré de Balzac","url":"/works/balzac-father-goriot/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"barron-v-baltimore:lesson:1","title":"Reading a word in light of its neighbors","text":"Marshall's strongest argument is structural. By setting the general words of Article I, Section 9 beside the explicit 'No State shall' of Section 10, he shows that the Constitution names the states whenever it restrains them, and he reads the Fifth Amendment by that pattern.","work":"Barron v. Baltimore","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/barron-v-baltimore/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"barron-v-baltimore:lesson:2","title":"Two layers of protection","text":"In 1833 Americans lived under two constitutions, state and federal. Marshall assumes that each people guards against its own government through its own charter, which places responsibility for state abuses on the citizens of that state.","work":"Barron v. Baltimore","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/barron-v-baltimore/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"barron-v-baltimore:lesson:3","title":"History as evidence of meaning","text":"The opinion appeals to what everyone in 1833 remembered: the amendments were demanded by those who feared the new national government. Marshall treats that shared memory of ratification as proof of what the words were meant to do.","work":"Barron v. Baltimore","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/barron-v-baltimore/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"barron-v-baltimore:lesson:4","title":"A small wharf and a large principle","text":"Barron's loss was concrete and local, but the Court decided it by asking which government the Bill of Rights restrains. A dispute about mud in a harbor became the leading statement of the federal structure of rights for thirty-five years.","work":"Barron v. Baltimore","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/barron-v-baltimore/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"basic-inc-v-levinson:lesson:1","title":"Materiality for events that may not happen","text":"A merger under discussion may or may not occur. Rather than wait for an agreement in principle, the Court told factfinders to weigh the probability of the event against its magnitude. A small chance of a very large event can matter to investors as much as a likely but minor one.","work":"Basic Inc. v. Levinson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/basic-inc-v-levinson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"basic-inc-v-levinson:lesson:2","title":"Bright lines and their costs","text":"Basic argued that a clear rule tied to agreement in principle would be easy to apply. The Court acknowledged the appeal of certainty but held that ease of administration cannot justify a rule that would let companies misrepresent facts investors consider significant.","work":"Basic Inc. v. Levinson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/basic-inc-v-levinson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"basic-inc-v-levinson:lesson:3","title":"Relying on a market price","text":"The fraud-on-the-market theory holds that in an efficient market, public misstatements are absorbed into the price, so an investor who trades at that price is affected by them even without reading them. The Court made reliance presumptive but rebuttable, keeping it as an element while adapting it to impersonal trading.","work":"Basic Inc. v. Levinson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/basic-inc-v-levinson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"basic-inc-v-levinson:lesson:4","title":"Courts and economic theory","text":"White's partial dissent questions whether judges, without staff economists, should build legal doctrine on a contested economic hypothesis. The majority answered that it relied on congressional policy and the common sense of investors as well as on studies. The exchange raises a lasting question about how courts should use the findings of other disciplines.","work":"Basic Inc. v. Levinson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/basic-inc-v-levinson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bastiat-the-law:lesson:1","title":"Rights come before law","text":"Bastiat argues that personality, liberty and property are not created by legislation but are its cause: people make laws to protect what they already have from God. Law therefore has a fixed purpose, the common defence of individual rights.","work":"The Law","author":"Frédéric Bastiat","url":"/works/bastiat-the-law/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bastiat-the-law:lesson:2","title":"A test for legal plunder","text":"Bastiat gives a simple question for judging any law: does it take from some what is theirs to give to others what is not, so that the law does for one citizen what the citizen could not do himself without crime? He applies it to tariffs, subsidies and the proposed rights of 1848.","work":"The Law","author":"Frédéric Bastiat","url":"/works/bastiat-the-law/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bastiat-the-law:lesson:3","title":"When law becomes a prize","text":"Bastiat explains the passion of politics by the scope of law: if law can give benefits to whoever controls it, every class will fight for control. He uses this to explain the quarrel over the suffrage in France and the two dangerous questions in the United States.","work":"The Law","author":"Frédéric Bastiat","url":"/works/bastiat-the-law/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bastiat-the-law:lesson:4","title":"Justice and voluntary fraternity","text":"Bastiat does not reject charity or brotherhood; he insists they must be voluntary to be what they are. His reply to Lamartine is the centre of his case that law should be just and leave generosity to free persons.","work":"The Law","author":"Frédéric Bastiat","url":"/works/bastiat-the-law/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"because-i-could-not-stop-for-death:lesson:1","title":"Death as a courteous caller","text":"Dickinson strips death of terror by giving it manners: Death stops kindly, drives slowly, and earns the speaker's trust by his civility. The calm is part of the meaning, since a frightening subject is met with composure rather than panic.","work":"Because I could not stop for Death","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/because-i-could-not-stop-for-death/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"because-i-could-not-stop-for-death:lesson:2","title":"A lifetime in one carriage ride","text":"The third stanza compresses a life into three things seen from a window: a school at recess, ripened grain, and a setting sun. Dickinson uses an ordinary drive past ordinary places to show how quickly the stages of life go by.","work":"Because I could not stop for Death","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/because-i-could-not-stop-for-death/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"because-i-could-not-stop-for-death:lesson:3","title":"Time measured from eternity","text":"In the last stanza centuries feel shorter than a single day, because the speaker now measures time from eternity. The poem ends not at the grave but with the horses' heads pointed beyond it.","work":"Because I could not stop for Death","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/because-i-could-not-stop-for-death/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"beckett-waiting-for-godot:lesson:1","title":"Waiting as a way of life","text":"Nothing the friends do brings Godot nearer, yet they keep the appointment through two evenings, and the play suggests they have done so many times before. Beckett makes the audience share the waiting, so that the question of what we wait for, and how we pass the time meanwhile, becomes the audience's own.","work":"Waiting for Godot","author":"Samuel Beckett","url":"/works/beckett-waiting-for-godot/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"beckett-waiting-for-godot:lesson:2","title":"Friendship in a bare world","text":"Didi and Gogo bicker, threaten to part and cannot do without each other. Vladimir covers Estragon with his coat while he sleeps and comforts him after his nightmares. In a play with almost no consolations, their companionship is real.","work":"Waiting for Godot","author":"Samuel Beckett","url":"/works/beckett-waiting-for-godot/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"beckett-waiting-for-godot:lesson:3","title":"Master and servant","text":"Pozzo and Lucky are a grotesque picture of domination: the rope, the whip, the orders to dance and think. In Act II the master is blind and depends wholly on the servant, and both lie helpless until the waiting men decide to act.","work":"Waiting for Godot","author":"Samuel Beckett","url":"/works/beckett-waiting-for-godot/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"beckett-waiting-for-godot:lesson:4","title":"The two thieves","text":"Vladimir is haunted by the Gospel account that one of the thieves crucified with Christ was saved, and by the fact that only Luke tells it. The play keeps returning to the hope and uncertainty of salvation without settling either.","work":"Waiting for Godot","author":"Samuel Beckett","url":"/works/beckett-waiting-for-godot/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bede-ecclesiastical-history:lesson:1","title":"History as a school of example","text":"In his preface Bede tells King Ceolwulf that history relating good deeds stirs the hearer to imitate them, and history of evil deeds warns him away. He therefore gathers lives of kings, bishops, monks and humble brothers as examples. He also names his sources and asks readers not to blame him for errors that came from common report, joining a moral purpose to a careful method.","work":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","author":"Bede","url":"/works/bede-ecclesiastical-history/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bede-ecclesiastical-history:lesson:2","title":"Conversion by persuasion and patience","text":"Gregory advises that pagan temples be cleansed and used as churches and that festivals be turned to Christian feasts, because hard hearts cannot be stripped of everything at once. Edwin deliberates for years and consults his council before he is baptized. Bede shows a faith carried from Rome and Iona that wins kings and peoples through preaching, example and patience.","work":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","author":"Bede","url":"/works/bede-ecclesiastical-history/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bede-ecclesiastical-history:lesson:3","title":"Holiness that teaches by example","text":"Aidan walks rather than rides so that he can speak with anyone he meets, gives away the gifts of kings, and teaches nothing he does not practise. Oswald gives his Easter dinner and the silver dish to the poor. Bede holds up such lives, along with Hilda's and Cuthbert's, as the means by which faith took root.","work":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","author":"Bede","url":"/works/bede-ecclesiastical-history/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bede-ecclesiastical-history:lesson:4","title":"Unity and the date of Easter","text":"At Whitby in 664 the Irish-trained churches of the north and the Roman-trained churches of the south meet to settle when Easter should be kept. King Oswy decides for the Roman reckoning after hearing that the keys of the kingdom were given to Peter. Bede, who wrote on the calculation of time, praises the holiness of the Irish monks while arguing that unity in the date of the feast mattered.","work":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","author":"Bede","url":"/works/bede-ecclesiastical-history/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bede-ecclesiastical-history:lesson:5","title":"Every gift for the praise of God","text":"Caedmon, a cowherd who left feasts when the harp came to him, receives in a dream the gift of making songs about the creation, and Hilda receives him into the monastery to put Scripture into English verse. Bede's own life, which he says he spent delighting in learning, teaching and writing, is offered as another kind of humble service.","work":"Ecclesiastical History of the English People","author":"Bede","url":"/works/bede-ecclesiastical-history/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bedtime-for-frances:lesson:1","title":"Fears can be checked","text":"Each thing that frightens Frances turns out to be ordinary: a bathrobe, a small crack, the wind, a moth. By the end she looks for herself instead of running to her parents. The book shows young children that night fears shrink when you look at them calmly.","work":"Bedtime for Frances","author":"Russell Hoban","url":"/works/bedtime-for-frances/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bedtime-for-frances:lesson:2","title":"Everybody has work to do","text":"Father tells Frances that the wind has a job, he has a job, and her job is to sleep. The idea helps her see bedtime not as a punishment but as her part in the family's day.","work":"Bedtime for Frances","author":"Russell Hoban","url":"/works/bedtime-for-frances/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bedtime-for-frances:lesson:3","title":"Parents who are kind and firm","text":"Father and Mother give Frances milk, kisses, cake and answers, but Father finally tells her plainly that she must stay in bed. The story shows love that is patient and also sets limits.","work":"Bedtime for Frances","author":"Russell Hoban","url":"/works/bedtime-for-frances/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"beowulf:lesson:1","title":"Beowulf: formed attention","text":"Beowulf teaches students to slow down before judgment. ninth-grade readers meet a world where courage is real but not ultimate; treasure, blood-feud, lordship, and Christian providence all press on the same story","work":"Beowulf","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/beowulf/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"beowulf:lesson:2","title":"Beowulf: order and disorder","text":"Beowulf makes order visible by showing what damages it. the poem moves from the young warrior's glory in Denmark to the old king's final act of public protection, making fame and mortality inseparable","work":"Beowulf","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/beowulf/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"beowulf:lesson:3","title":"Beowulf: body and soul","text":"Beowulf gives the medical lens a human scale. the medical interest lies in battle wounds, grief, aging kingship, and the social care owed to bodies that have been broken in public violence","work":"Beowulf","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/beowulf/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge:lesson:1","title":"Test a word by the idea behind it","text":"Berkeley's Introduction holds that many disputes survive only because a word appears to name something no one can actually picture, such as a triangle of no particular kind. His method is to ask, of every key term, what particular idea it calls up. Even readers who reject immaterialism can use this habit in any argument.","work":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","author":"George Berkeley","url":"/works/berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge:lesson:2","title":"Common sense can be on a strange-sounding side","text":"Berkeley claims that his denial of matter defends the ordinary person, who trusts what is seen and touched, against philosophers who say real things lie hidden behind appearances. He keeps the table, the apple and the fire; he removes only the unperceived substratum. The lesson is that a surprising thesis may be offered as a return to plain experience.","work":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","author":"George Berkeley","url":"/works/berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge:lesson:3","title":"Order in nature as a language","text":"For Berkeley the regular sequence of sensations, the laws of nature, shows the wisdom of the Spirit who produces them, and science learns to read those regularities as signs. Nature becomes something like speech addressed to finite minds. This turns natural philosophy into a form of attention to God's steady habits of acting.","work":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","author":"George Berkeley","url":"/works/berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge:lesson:4","title":"Philosophy in the service of piety","text":"The subtitle and the final section state that the book was written to undermine scepticism and atheism and to promote reverence for God. Berkeley's metaphysics is not a game with appearances but an argument that God is the most evident of all minds. Readers can weigh the argument while understanding the purpose that drives it.","work":"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge","author":"George Berkeley","url":"/works/berkeley-principles-of-human-knowledge/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine:lesson:1","title":"An idea must be tested, not loved","text":"Bernard makes the hypothesis the starting point of discovery, but he asks the investigator to doubt his own idea and to seek the counterproof that could overturn it. The great principle of the method is doubt, not scepticism: belief that nature is lawful, joined with distrust of any present theory.","work":"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine","author":"Claude Bernard","url":"/works/bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine:lesson:2","title":"Chance favours the prepared observer","text":"Bernard's discovery of sugar formation in the liver began when an experiment gave a result he did not expect. Instead of discarding it, he formed a new hypothesis and tested it. He presents the unforeseen fact as a gift that only an attentive and well-trained mind can use.","work":"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine","author":"Claude Bernard","url":"/works/bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine:lesson:3","title":"Limits on what may be done to a patient","text":"Bernard holds that it is the physician's duty to experiment on a patient only for that patient's own benefit and never to do harm for the sake of science. He distinguishes injurious, innocent and beneficial experiments and draws a firm line around the first.","work":"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine","author":"Claude Bernard","url":"/works/bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine:lesson:4","title":"The body keeps its own inner world","text":"Bernard's account of the internal environment explains how warm-blooded animals stay active through heat and cold: their cells live in fluids regulated to remain fairly constant. The idea joins physiology to medicine, since disease can be read as a disturbance of that inner balance.","work":"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine","author":"Claude Bernard","url":"/works/bernard-introduction-to-experimental-medicine/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"beyond-good-and-evil:lesson:1","title":"A philosophy can be read as a symptom of its philosopher","text":"Nietzsche asks what drives, fears and bodily states lie behind a system of thought. This suspicion makes him a forerunner of depth psychology and of the sociology of knowledge, though it can also be turned against his own claims.","work":"Beyond Good and Evil","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"beyond-good-and-evil:lesson:2","title":"The 'I' that thinks is an inference from grammar","text":"Section 17 argues that thoughts arrive when they will, and that positing an 'I' as their cause reads grammar into reality. Nietzsche replaces the sovereign subject with a society of drives competing for command.","work":"Beyond Good and Evil","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"beyond-good-and-evil:lesson:3","title":"Moral values have histories, and their history is not innocent","text":"The contrast of master and slave morality claims that 'good' and 'evil' have different origins in different social positions. Readers can test the genealogical method without accepting Nietzsche's contempt for herd morality or his aristocratic politics.","work":"Beyond Good and Evil","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"beyond-good-and-evil:lesson:4","title":"Suffering is to be interpreted, not only abolished","text":"Nietzsche attacks the goal of eliminating all suffering and claims that great suffering has disciplined human greatness. The provocation forces clinicians and ethicists to distinguish suffering that degrades from difficulty that can be integrated.","work":"Beyond Good and Evil","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/beyond-good-and-evil/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"billy-budd-and-other-stories:lesson:1","title":"Law and justice can diverge","text":"Vere admits Billy is morally innocent yet hangs him to uphold discipline in wartime. Melville forces the reader to weigh institutional necessity against individual conscience.","work":"Billy Budd and Other Stories","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/billy-budd-and-other-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"billy-budd-and-other-stories:lesson:2","title":"Perception is shaped by prejudice","text":"Delano cannot imagine that enslaved Africans could plan and execute a revolt, so he misreads every clue. Benito Cereno shows how ideology blinds well-meaning observers.","work":"Billy Budd and Other Stories","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/billy-budd-and-other-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"billy-budd-and-other-stories:lesson:3","title":"Refusal as a mystery","text":"Bartleby's quiet refusal exposes the limits of the narrator's charity and of a world built on copying and commerce. The story resists any single explanation of his behaviour.","work":"Billy Budd and Other Stories","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/billy-budd-and-other-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"black-beauty:lesson:1","title":"Kindness is a form of competence","text":"The best handlers in the book are also the most skilful, and cruelty often springs from ignorance or fashion. Sewell argues that knowledge and sympathy together prevent suffering.","work":"Black Beauty","author":"Anna Sewell","url":"/works/black-beauty/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"black-beauty:lesson:2","title":"Fashion can be cruel","text":"The bearing rein is used because it looks elegant, not because it helps the horse. The book shows how social display can require hidden pain.","work":"Black Beauty","author":"Anna Sewell","url":"/works/black-beauty/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"black-beauty:lesson:3","title":"Seeing through another's eyes","text":"By giving a horse the narrative voice, Sewell makes readers feel what working animals endure. The book is an early demonstration of fiction as a tool for empathy and reform.","work":"Black Beauty","author":"Anna Sewell","url":"/works/black-beauty/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"black-ships-before-troy:lesson:1","title":"Wrath and what it costs","text":"Achilles's anger at Agamemnon is just at first, but by holding on to it he lets his own friends die and loses Patroclus. Sutcliff, like Homer, shows anger turning on the one who keeps it.","work":"Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad","author":"Rosemary Sutcliff","url":"/works/black-ships-before-troy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"black-ships-before-troy:lesson:2","title":"Courage at home and on the field","text":"Hector knows Troy may fall and still goes out to fight, after holding his frightened son on the wall. The book honours courage that sees the danger plainly and accepts duty anyway.","work":"Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad","author":"Rosemary Sutcliff","url":"/works/black-ships-before-troy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"black-ships-before-troy:lesson:3","title":"Mercy between enemies","text":"Priam kisses the hands that killed his son, and Achilles, remembering his own father, weeps with him and gives back Hector's body. The fiercest warrior in the story shows his greatest strength in pity.","work":"Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad","author":"Rosemary Sutcliff","url":"/works/black-ships-before-troy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"black-ships-before-troy:lesson:4","title":"Cleverness and its limits","text":"Odysseus wins the war with a trick, the wooden horse, after ten years of open battle fail. The ending invites readers to weigh the cunning that takes Troy against the burning and killing that follow.","work":"Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad","author":"Rosemary Sutcliff","url":"/works/black-ships-before-troy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bleak-house:lesson:1","title":"The fog of Chancery","text":"Dickens opens in fog and mud and makes the Court of Chancery its center, a court where a will case has run so long that no one remembers its meaning. The suit poisons everyone who hopes in it, from Miss Flite and Gridley to Richard. Jarndyce's refusal to touch it is the novel's model of freedom.","work":"Bleak House","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/bleak-house/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bleak-house:lesson:2","title":"Duty close at hand","text":"Mrs. Jellyby neglects her children for an African mission at Borrioboola-Gha, and Mrs. Pardiggle forces tracts on brickmakers who cannot use them. Esther instead looks after whoever is in front of her: Caddy, Charley, Jo, Ada. Dickens contrasts charity at a distance with charity in one's own house and street.","work":"Bleak House","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/bleak-house/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bleak-house:lesson:3","title":"Jo and the question of who is responsible","text":"Jo is told everywhere to move on, and no institution takes responsibility for him. The fever he carries from Tom-all-Alone's reaches Bleak House itself. His death, with Woodcourt teaching him the Lord's Prayer, ends with the narrator turning directly to the nation's rulers and its Christians.","work":"Bleak House","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/bleak-house/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bleak-house:lesson:4","title":"Esther's humility and worth","text":"Esther begins by saying she is not clever, and her godmother has taught her she should never have been born. Through her own narrative readers see a woman who is wise, brave and greatly loved, whose scarred face does not lessen her worth. Dickens shows that a true self-estimate is not the same as low self-regard.","work":"Bleak House","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/bleak-house/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bliss-and-other-stories:lesson:1","title":"Happiness that rests on illusion","text":"Bertha's bliss is real as a feeling but rests on a misreading of the people around her. Mansfield shows how quickly a carefully arranged life can be revealed as other than it seemed, and leaves the reader with Bertha's question about what comes next.","work":"Bliss and Other Stories","author":"Katherine Mansfield","url":"/works/bliss-and-other-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bliss-and-other-stories:lesson:2","title":"A child's eye on adult life","text":"In Prelude and Sun and Moon children watch the adult world without fully understanding it, and their wonder and fear sharpen what adults overlook. Kezia's terror at the duck's death and her delight in the aloe give the story its moral center.","work":"Bliss and Other Stories","author":"Katherine Mansfield","url":"/works/bliss-and-other-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bliss-and-other-stories:lesson:3","title":"Loneliness in company","text":"Again and again Mansfield's characters stand beside one another without truly meeting: Robert and Jinnie, the two artists in Psychology, Vera and her old lover. The stories ask what keeps people from speaking honestly.","work":"Bliss and Other Stories","author":"Katherine Mansfield","url":"/works/bliss-and-other-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bliss-and-other-stories:lesson:4","title":"Grief that interrupts self-concern","text":"In Revelations Monica's preoccupation with her nerves is pierced by the news that George's little girl has died. Mansfield shows a self-absorbed person suddenly confronted with real sorrow, and how quickly she tries to turn it into a gesture.","work":"Bliss and Other Stories","author":"Katherine Mansfield","url":"/works/bliss-and-other-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"body-and-mind:lesson:1","title":"Body and Mind teaches historical caution","text":"Body and Mind rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"Body and Mind","author":"Henry Maudsley","url":"/works/body-and-mind/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"body-and-mind:lesson:2","title":"Body and Mind links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"Body and Mind","author":"Henry Maudsley","url":"/works/body-and-mind/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"body-and-mind:lesson:3","title":"Body and Mind complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"Body and Mind","author":"Henry Maudsley","url":"/works/body-and-mind/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"body-and-mind:lesson:4","title":"Body and Mind warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"Body and Mind","author":"Henry Maudsley","url":"/works/body-and-mind/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"book-of-enoch:lesson:1","title":"Knowledge without righteousness","text":"In the Watchers story the fallen angels corrupt the earth partly by teaching: weapons, cosmetics, charms, root-cutting and astrology. The book does not condemn knowledge as such, since Enoch himself receives the true laws of the heavens from Uriel, but it asks what happens when skill is given apart from obedience.","work":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/book-of-enoch/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"book-of-enoch:lesson:2","title":"Judgment as hope for the oppressed","text":"The repeated scenes of judgment, from Chapter I to the woes of the Epistle, are written for people who see the powerful prosper. The promise that the Lord will judge the kings and the mighty is meant to steady the righteous, not to make them fearful.","work":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/book-of-enoch/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"book-of-enoch:lesson:3","title":"Reading the order of creation","text":"Chapters II–V and the Astronomical Book present the regular motions of sun, moon, stars and seasons as obedience to God, a standard against which human disorder is measured. Calendar and conduct belong together in this way of thinking.","work":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/book-of-enoch/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"book-of-enoch:lesson:4","title":"Canon and its edges","text":"1 Enoch was treasured at Qumran, quoted in Jude, discussed by early Christian writers, and preserved as Scripture in Ethiopia, while other churches did not receive it into their canons. Studying it shows students how the Bible's neighbours were read and why communities drew their boundaries where they did.","work":"The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/book-of-enoch/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"boswell-life-of-johnson:lesson:1","title":"Conversation as a form of truth-telling","text":"Boswell's method is to set down what Johnson actually said, with the questions that drew it out. The result shows character through talk: Johnson's retorts, his corrections of Boswell's cant, and his readiness to argue either side. Students see that how a person speaks in company can reveal convictions as surely as formal writing.","work":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","author":"James Boswell","url":"/works/boswell-life-of-johnson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"boswell-life-of-johnson:lesson:2","title":"Patronage, independence and honest labour","text":"The letter to Lord Chesterfield in 1755 refuses help offered only after the Dictionary was finished. Johnson had worked for years in poverty, and he asserts the dignity of a writer who owes his success to labour. Later he accepts a pension from the king, and Boswell records how carefully he satisfied himself that it was a reward for past work and asked nothing of his pen.","work":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","author":"James Boswell","url":"/works/boswell-life-of-johnson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"boswell-life-of-johnson:lesson:3","title":"Faith held under the shadow of melancholy","text":"Johnson is shown praying, fasting, examining his conscience and dreading judgement, while also suffering from a melancholy he could manage but never cure. His final prayer before the sacrament asks that his whole hope rest on Christ's merits. The book presents a Christian who struggled hard and kept faith rather than one who found faith easy.","work":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","author":"James Boswell","url":"/works/boswell-life-of-johnson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"boswell-life-of-johnson:lesson:4","title":"Friendship kept in repair","text":"Johnson tells Reynolds that a man who makes no new friends as he ages will soon be left alone. The Literary Club, the Thrales, Garrick, Boswell and the poor dependents in his house show friendship as something tended across differences of rank, politics and temper, including the dinner with Wilkes.","work":"The Life of Samuel Johnson","author":"James Boswell","url":"/works/boswell-life-of-johnson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"botchan:lesson:1","title":"Honesty without tact","text":"Botchan is right about Red Shirt and nearly always wrong about how to deal with him. Sōseki lets the reader laugh at the narrator's rashness while still siding with his refusal to lie, so the novel holds up plain honesty as precious and also shows its cost when it lacks prudence.","work":"Botchan","author":"Natsume Sōseki","url":"/works/botchan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"botchan:lesson:2","title":"Small debts and large principles","text":"Botchan insists on repaying one and a half sen for a glass of ice water and walks to Red Shirt's house at night to refuse a raise taken from Koga's salary. The comedy of tiny sums carries a serious point: a person who will not be bought cheaply will not be bought at all.","work":"Botchan","author":"Natsume Sōseki","url":"/works/botchan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"botchan:lesson:3","title":"Kiyo's love as the measure","text":"The book opens and closes with Kiyo. Away from her, Botchan realises she has better qualities than the man she praises. Her unearned affection is the standard against which the polished double-dealing of the staff room is judged.","work":"Botchan","author":"Natsume Sōseki","url":"/works/botchan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"botchan:lesson:4","title":"Surface manners and real character","text":"Red Shirt is gentle, refined and soft-spoken; Porcupine is rough and loud. Botchan's mistake is to trust the first and suspect the second. The novel teaches readers to judge by deeds over manners.","work":"Botchan","author":"Natsume Sōseki","url":"/works/botchan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"boyle-the-sceptical-chymist:lesson:1","title":"A sceptic can be a builder","text":"Carneades doubts the received theories but concedes what he can, gives his reasons, and admits when his own boldest paradox is weak. Boyle's scepticism is a method for clearing ground so that better knowledge can be built, not a refusal to believe anything.","work":"The Sceptical Chymist","author":"Robert Boyle","url":"/works/boyle-the-sceptical-chymist/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"boyle-the-sceptical-chymist:lesson:2","title":"Ask what an experiment really shows","text":"Both Aristotelians and chemists pointed to the furnace. Boyle asks whether fire separates ingredients that were already there or makes new ones, and so shows that the same observation can be read in different ways depending on the assumption behind it.","work":"The Sceptical Chymist","author":"Robert Boyle","url":"/works/boyle-the-sceptical-chymist/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"boyle-the-sceptical-chymist:lesson:3","title":"Clear words are part of honest science","text":"Boyle repeatedly complains that chemists write obscurely and use salt, sulphur and mercury in shifting senses. A claim that can mean anything cannot be tested. His insistence on plain definitions, culminating in his definition of an element, is one of the book's lasting contributions.","work":"The Sceptical Chymist","author":"Robert Boyle","url":"/works/boyle-the-sceptical-chymist/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"boyle-the-sceptical-chymist:lesson:4","title":"Appreciating practical skill while questioning theory","text":"Boyle says he loves chemical experiments and values many chemical remedies, yet doubts the chemists' explanations of them. He shows that one can respect a craft's results while asking for better reasons.","work":"The Sceptical Chymist","author":"Robert Boyle","url":"/works/boyle-the-sceptical-chymist/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"brecht-mother-courage-and-her-children:lesson:1","title":"Living off the war","text":"Courage's livelihood depends on the war continuing, and each of her children dies at a moment when her mind is on business. Brecht built the play to show the cost of trying to profit from violence while staying clear of it.","work":"Mother Courage and Her Children","author":"Bertolt Brecht","url":"/works/brecht-mother-courage-and-her-children/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"brecht-mother-courage-and-her-children:lesson:2","title":"Kattrin's drum","text":"The silent daughter, scarred and ignored, performs the play's one act of complete self-giving when she drums to warn the town of Halle. Brecht gives the most powerful action to the character who cannot speak.","work":"Mother Courage and Her Children","author":"Bertolt Brecht","url":"/works/brecht-mother-courage-and-her-children/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"brecht-mother-courage-and-her-children:lesson:3","title":"Virtues in wartime","text":"Eilif's boldness, Swiss Cheese's honesty and Kattrin's compassion each lead to death. The play's songs suggest that in a corrupt war even virtues become dangerous. Audiences have long debated whether Brecht meant to condemn the virtues or the war that punishes them.","work":"Mother Courage and Her Children","author":"Bertolt Brecht","url":"/works/brecht-mother-courage-and-her-children/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"brecht-mother-courage-and-her-children:lesson:4","title":"Epic theatre","text":"Brecht's scene captions announce what will happen, and the songs interrupt the action, so the audience watches how rather than wondering what. He wanted spectators to judge the action rather than lose themselves in Courage's feelings, though many audiences have still found her deeply moving.","work":"Mother Courage and Her Children","author":"Bertolt Brecht","url":"/works/brecht-mother-courage-and-her-children/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"brown-v-board-of-education:lesson:1","title":"When history cannot decide","text":"The Court asked the parties to reargue what the framers of the Fourteenth Amendment intended for schools, and then found the answer inconclusive. Warren's opinion therefore rests on the Amendment's guarantee applied to public education as it existed in 1954, a choice of method that later debates over constitutional interpretation have examined closely.","work":"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/brown-v-board-of-education/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"brown-v-board-of-education:lesson:2","title":"Tangible equality and its limits","text":"The states pointed to new buildings and equalized salaries. The Court's answer was that even with identical facilities, legally enforced separation itself affects children's education. Earlier cases such as Sweatt and McLaurin had already considered intangible factors like reputation and the chance to exchange views with classmates.","work":"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/brown-v-board-of-education/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"brown-v-board-of-education:lesson:3","title":"Education and citizenship","text":"Warren's paragraph on education describes schooling as the foundation of good citizenship, the principal means of awakening children to cultural values, and the gateway to success. By placing education at the center of American life, the opinion explains why the equal protection guarantee applies with particular force in the classroom.","work":"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/brown-v-board-of-education/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"brown-v-board-of-education:lesson:4","title":"Unanimity and the remedy","text":"Warren sought a single, short opinion with no dissent, and the Court postponed the question of how to desegregate to a later term. Students can consider why unanimity mattered for a decision touching the laws of many states, and how the 1955 decree of all deliberate speed shaped the years that followed.","work":"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/brown-v-board-of-education/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"buck-v-bell:lesson:1","title":"Procedure is not the whole of justice","text":"Holmes devotes much of the opinion to the statute's careful procedure and concludes that Buck received due process. Yet the facts later uncovered show that hearings and appeals did not prevent a mistaken result, since her own lawyer did not seriously contest the evidence. The case invites students to ask what procedure can and cannot guarantee.","work":"Buck v. Bell","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/buck-v-bell/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"buck-v-bell:lesson:2","title":"Deference to findings of fact","text":"Holmes says the Court cannot declare, as a matter of law, that the grounds found by the legislature and the trial court do not exist. Because the record was built by parties seeking the same outcome, the Court's deference rested on facts no one had truly tested. The case shows how an appellate court depends on the record that comes before it.","work":"Buck v. Bell","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/buck-v-bell/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"buck-v-bell:lesson:3","title":"The reach of an analogy","text":"Holmes rests his reasoning on Jacobson v. Massachusetts, treating the principle behind compulsory vaccination as broad enough to cover sterilization. Students can examine how far an analogy between a temporary public-health measure in an epidemic and a permanent operation on one person can fairly be carried.","work":"Buck v. Bell","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/buck-v-bell/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"buck-v-bell:lesson:4","title":"Science, law and human dignity","text":"The statute's preamble presented the hereditary transmission of mental conditions as settled experience, reflecting the eugenics movement then supported by many scientists, physicians and reformers. Later genetics and the historical record overturned those claims in Carrie Buck's case. The decision raises lasting questions about how courts and legislatures should treat confident scientific claims when bodily integrity is at stake.","work":"Buck v. Bell","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/buck-v-bell/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bulfinch-age-of-fable:lesson:1","title":"Mythology as the handmaid of literature","text":"Bulfinch wrote for readers who met Niobe, Psyche or Pegasus in Milton, Byron or a public speech and did not know the story. His book teaches that English literature is full of classical allusion and that knowing the myths opens it. He sets lines of English verse after almost every tale so the reader sees the myth at work.","work":"The Age of Fable","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-age-of-fable/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bulfinch-age-of-fable:lesson:2","title":"Phaeton and the father's fearful gift","text":"Apollo swears by the Styx to grant his son any wish and then cannot refuse when Phaeton asks for the Sun's chariot. The father pleads that his fear is the best proof of his love, but the boy insists and the world burns. The story teaches the danger of rash promises and of pride that demands proof.","work":"The Age of Fable","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-age-of-fable/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bulfinch-age-of-fable:lesson:3","title":"Baucis and Philemon's open door","text":"Jupiter and Mercury, disguised as travellers, are turned away from every house in a Phrygian village until an old couple shares its little food with them. The poor cottage becomes a temple and their one wish, to die together, is granted. The story honours hospitality and faithful married love.","work":"The Age of Fable","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-age-of-fable/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bulfinch-age-of-fable:lesson:4","title":"Psyche, the soul purified by suffering","text":"Psyche loses Cupid through curiosity and doubt and wins him back by enduring Venus's impossible tasks. Bulfinch points out that her name means both butterfly and soul and reads the tale as a picture of the soul that is purified by misfortune and prepared for true happiness. The chapter shows how nineteenth-century readers found moral allegory in pagan myth.","work":"The Age of Fable","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-age-of-fable/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne:lesson:1","title":"Orlando's wits on the moon","text":"Orlando, the strongest of the paladins, abandons his duty to chase Angelica and loses his reason when he learns she loves another. St. John tells Astolpho that the madness is a punishment, and on the moon Astolpho finds that men's good sense is kept in vials, many of them belonging to people thought wise. Ariosto's comic fable, as Bulfinch retells it, teaches how easily passion and vanity overthrow reason.","work":"Legends of Charlemagne","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne:lesson:2","title":"Orlando's horn at Roncesvalles","text":"Orlando delays sounding his horn and the rearguard is destroyed before Charlemagne can return. At the end he asks Turpin for absolution and dies looking on the hilt of his sword as on a crucifix, and the emperor blesses his whole life. The chapter shows the cost of pride and treachery and the medieval ideal of a Christian knight's good death.","work":"Legends of Charlemagne","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne:lesson:3","title":"Rinaldo, Bayard and the humble end","text":"Rinaldo, the proudest rebel among the paladins, gives up his beloved horse to win pardon for his brothers and later lays down all rank to work as an unknown labourer on a church at Cologne. Bulfinch's source treats his death at the hands of envious workmen as a holy end. The story teaches that greatness can be completed in humility.","work":"Legends of Charlemagne","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne:lesson:4","title":"Old stories reused by new poets","text":"Bulfinch points out that the Siren of Ulysses becomes the Siren of Orlando and that Circe returns as Alcina, and he tells how Pulci, Boiardo and Ariosto reshaped old French and Latin tales. Reading these romances teaches how literature is built from earlier literature, and why a reader of Spenser, Shakespeare or Milton needs to know them.","work":"Legends of Charlemagne","author":"Thomas Bulfinch","url":"/works/bulfinch-legends-of-charlemagne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"burke-paine-debate:lesson:1","title":"Inheritance or consent: what makes a government legitimate","text":"Burke held that a people's liberties and institutions are legitimate because they have been received, tested, and improved over generations; Paine held that only the consent of the living can make a government rightful. Each argument meets the other at the same point, the authority of the past over the present, and answers it oppositely.","work":"The Burke-Paine Debate on the French Revolution","author":"Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine","url":"/works/burke-paine-debate/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"burke-paine-debate:lesson:2","title":"Abstract rights and practical wisdom","text":"Burke compared a debate about abstract rights to a debate about a man's abstract right to food or medicine, when the real question is how to obtain and administer them. Paine replied that without a clear principle of rights, every existing abuse can claim the sanction of precedent. The exchange is a classic case of reasoning from circumstances against reasoning from first principles.","work":"The Burke-Paine Debate on the French Revolution","author":"Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine","url":"/works/burke-paine-debate/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"burke-paine-debate:lesson:3","title":"Reading a revolution while it is happening","text":"Burke wrote in 1790, before the king's flight, the Terror, or Napoleon, and predicted disorder ending in military rule; Paine wrote in 1791 and 1792 expecting the representative system to spread across Europe. Both arguments were tested by events neither had yet seen. The debate shows how much political judgment depends on forecasting the consequences of principles.","work":"The Burke-Paine Debate on the French Revolution","author":"Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine","url":"/works/burke-paine-debate/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"butterfield-8:lesson:1","title":"Respectability depends on whom it excludes","text":"The novel shows the same men moving between family life and a demimonde that society pretends not to see. It exposes how reputations are protected at the expense of women like Gloria.","work":"BUtterfield 8","author":"John O'Hara","url":"/works/butterfield-8/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"butterfield-8:lesson:2","title":"Early harm shapes later lives","text":"Gloria's history of abuse is presented as a hidden key to her behaviour. O'Hara asks readers to see past the scandal to a damaged person, without turning her into a case history.","work":"BUtterfield 8","author":"John O'Hara","url":"/works/butterfield-8/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"butterfield-8:lesson:3","title":"Fiction drawn from headlines","text":"O'Hara took a tabloid case and imagined the social world around it. The novel raises questions about how fiction uses real tragedies.","work":"BUtterfield 8","author":"John O'Hara","url":"/works/butterfield-8/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"caedmons-hymn:lesson:1","title":"Creation is the first subject of praise","text":"Asked to sing of the beginning of things, Cædmon sings of the Maker before the made: he praises God's might and thought, and only then tells of heaven and earth. The hymn teaches that the world is understood rightly when it is received as a home built by someone for someone.","work":"Cædmon's Hymn","author":"Cædmon","url":"/works/caedmons-hymn/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"caedmons-hymn:lesson:2","title":"A gift given to the least likely","text":"Bede's story turns on Cædmon's shame: the one man who left the feast rather than sing becomes the first English poet. The gift is tested by the abbess and her scholars before it is trusted, and then it is put to use for the whole community.","work":"Cædmon's Hymn","author":"Cædmon","url":"/works/caedmons-hymn/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"caedmons-hymn:lesson:3","title":"Old forms, new matter","text":"The hymn uses the inherited tools of Germanic verse, alliterating half-lines and a heap of varied titles for a lord, and turns them to the praise of the Creator. It shows how a Christian culture can take up the craft of its ancestors rather than discard it.","work":"Cædmon's Hymn","author":"Cædmon","url":"/works/caedmons-hymn/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"calhoun-disquisition-on-government:lesson:1","title":"A majority can also govern absolutely","text":"Calhoun's central warning is that elections alone do not make a government limited. If the greater number can do whatever it wishes, the lesser interests have no defence, and majority rule becomes as absolute as the rule of one man. A constitution must give each interest some means of protecting itself.","work":"A Disquisition on Government","author":"John C. Calhoun","url":"/works/calhoun-disquisition-on-government/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"calhoun-disquisition-on-government:lesson:2","title":"The negative power makes a constitution","text":"For Calhoun the essence of constitutional government is the power to stop action. If each great interest must consent, government can act only on measures all can accept. He calls this the concurrent majority and argues that it turns politics from conquest into compromise.","work":"A Disquisition on Government","author":"John C. Calhoun","url":"/works/calhoun-disquisition-on-government/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"calhoun-disquisition-on-government:lesson:3","title":"Liberty and protection must be weighed","text":"Calhoun holds that protection of the community is the first end of government and that liberty must be suited to a people's condition. He rejects the theory that all men are born free and equal in a state of nature. This part of his argument stood close to the defence of the Southern social order he led in the Senate.","work":"A Disquisition on Government","author":"John C. Calhoun","url":"/works/calhoun-disquisition-on-government/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"calhoun-disquisition-on-government:lesson:4","title":"Human nature sets the problem of politics","text":"The Disquisition starts not from rights but from a picture of human nature: social yet self-preferring. Government is needed because of selfishness, and limits on government are needed for the same reason. Every later step follows from this starting point.","work":"A Disquisition on Government","author":"John C. Calhoun","url":"/works/calhoun-disquisition-on-government/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"calvin-institutes:lesson:1","title":"Knowledge of God and knowledge of self belong together","text":"Calvin's first sentence joins two kinds of knowledge: seeing God's goodness shows us our need, and seeing our need drives us toward God. The whole first book works out this pairing, so that theology is never only about ideas but also about how a person understands himself before his Maker.","work":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","author":"John Calvin","url":"/works/calvin-institutes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"calvin-institutes:lesson:2","title":"The heart makes idols","text":"In Book I, chapter 11, Calvin observes that soon after the Flood people were again making gods for themselves, and calls the human mind a forge of idols. For him idolatry is not only bowing to statues but any picture of God shaped by human fancy instead of God's own word.","work":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","author":"John Calvin","url":"/works/calvin-institutes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"calvin-institutes:lesson:3","title":"We are not our own","text":"The chapters on the Christian life (Book III, chapters 6-10) are among the most read parts of the Institutes. Self-denial, patience under the cross, hope of the life to come and grateful, moderate use of earthly goods are presented as the shape of a life that belongs to God.","work":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","author":"John Calvin","url":"/works/calvin-institutes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"calvin-institutes:lesson:4","title":"Doctrine and comfort","text":"Calvin presents providence and election not as puzzles for the curious but as comfort for believers: nothing happens apart from God's fatherly care, and salvation rests on God's choice rather than on human merit. He also warns against prying beyond what Scripture says. Lutheran, Catholic and later Arminian readers disputed his account of predestination, and the debate continues among Christians today.","work":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","author":"John Calvin","url":"/works/calvin-institutes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"calvin-institutes:lesson:5","title":"Two kinds of government","text":"Calvin distinguishes the spiritual kingdom of Christ from civil government but calls both gifts of God. Magistrates deserve honour and obedience as God's ministers, yet the final section of the book sets a limit: no ruler may command what God forbids.","work":"Institutes of the Christian Religion","author":"John Calvin","url":"/works/calvin-institutes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"calvin-selected-sermons:lesson:1","title":"Routine can carry reform","text":"Calvin's sermons show that a movement survives through repeated exposition and discipline. The spectacular break matters less than the habits that follow it.","work":"Selected Sermons","author":"John Calvin","url":"/works/calvin-selected-sermons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"calvin-selected-sermons:lesson:2","title":"Consolation can sound severe","text":"Calvin's providence offers meaning in suffering, but it also demands submission. The same doctrine can steady one hearer and burden another.","work":"Selected Sermons","author":"John Calvin","url":"/works/calvin-selected-sermons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"calvin-selected-sermons:lesson:3","title":"Interpretation builds institutions","text":"The sermons show biblical reading shaping schools, discipline, poor relief, worship, and civic conduct. Interpretation is never merely private when it governs shared life.","work":"Selected Sermons","author":"John Calvin","url":"/works/calvin-selected-sermons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"camus-the-fall:lesson:1","title":"The good deed that serves the self","text":"Clamence's Paris life was full of genuine acts of help, yet he discovers that he performed them chiefly to stand above others and enjoy his own image. The novel probes the difference between doing good and wanting to be seen as good.","work":"The Fall","author":"Albert Camus","url":"/works/camus-the-fall/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"camus-the-fall:lesson:2","title":"The cry not answered","text":"The woman on the Pont Royal is the buried center of the book. Clamence hears her fall and cries, does not turn, and tells no one; the memory resurfaces only after the laugh on the Pont des Arts.","work":"The Fall","author":"Albert Camus","url":"/works/camus-the-fall/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"camus-the-fall:lesson:3","title":"Confession as a weapon","text":"Clamence's penitence is a technique: by accusing himself in general terms, he draws his listener into the same portrait and so becomes his judge. Camus shows how confession can become a new form of pride.","work":"The Fall","author":"Albert Camus","url":"/works/camus-the-fall/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"camus-the-fall:lesson:4","title":"Judgment and grace","text":"Clamence says that people cannot wait for the Last Judgment because they judge one another every day, and he speaks of Christ often but rejects the possibility of forgiveness. Camus, an unbeliever, leaves the reader to weigh what Clamence lacks.","work":"The Fall","author":"Albert Camus","url":"/works/camus-the-fall/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"camus-the-plague:lesson:1","title":"Decency rather than heroism","text":"Rieux refuses to call the work of the sanitary squads heroic. For him it is simply a doctor's job and a citizen's duty. Camus gives his highest praise to Grand, the clerk who keeps the figures faithfully, as the insignificant hero of the story.","work":"The Plague","author":"Albert Camus","url":"/works/camus-the-plague/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"camus-the-plague:lesson:2","title":"Two sermons and the suffering of a child","text":"Paneloux's first sermon explains the plague as just punishment; after he watches Othon's son die, his second sermon admits that the suffering of a child cannot be explained, and calls Christians to an all-or-nothing faith. Camus presents the priest as sincere and brave in both.","work":"The Plague","author":"Albert Camus","url":"/works/camus-the-plague/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"camus-the-plague:lesson:3","title":"Exile and separation","text":"The closing of the gates turns every citizen into an exile, separated from absent loved ones or from the future. Rambert's attempts to escape and Rieux's silent separation from his dying wife show two ways of living with that loss.","work":"The Plague","author":"Albert Camus","url":"/works/camus-the-plague/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"camus-the-plague:lesson:4","title":"The plague within","text":"Tarrou tells Rieux that everyone carries a kind of plague, the readiness to consent to the death of others, and that he has resolved to take the side of the victims. His confession links the epidemic to capital punishment and political violence.","work":"The Plague","author":"Albert Camus","url":"/works/camus-the-plague/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"camus-the-stranger:lesson:1","title":"Judged for what he did not feel","text":"Meursault's trial is ostensibly about a killing, but the prosecutor builds his case on the vigil, the coffee, the cigarette, the swim and the comic film. Camus asks how far a society judges a person by whether he shows the expected feelings.","work":"The Stranger","author":"Albert Camus","url":"/works/camus-the-stranger/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"camus-the-stranger:lesson:2","title":"The absurd","text":"In The Myth of Sisyphus, published the same year, Camus described the absurd as the clash between the human longing for meaning and a silent universe. Meursault lives inside that condition without naming it, until the chaplain's visit forces him to put it into words.","work":"The Stranger","author":"Albert Camus","url":"/works/camus-the-stranger/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"camus-the-stranger:lesson:3","title":"Honesty without kindness","text":"Meursault refuses to say what he does not feel: he will not claim to love Marie, to regret his act more than he does, or to believe in God. Camus later wrote that his hero is condemned because he will not lie. Yet the same honesty coexists with indifference to Raymond's mistress and to the man he kills.","work":"The Stranger","author":"Albert Camus","url":"/works/camus-the-stranger/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"camus-the-stranger:lesson:4","title":"Faith offered and refused","text":"Both the magistrate and the chaplain press the claims of Christian faith on Meursault, the one in anger, the other in pity. His refusal is the book's climax, and Camus lets each side speak; the chaplain's sincerity and his offer of prayer are as real as Meursault's rejection.","work":"The Stranger","author":"Albert Camus","url":"/works/camus-the-stranger/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"candide:lesson:1","title":"Systems can blind us to suffering","text":"Pangloss's philosophy explains every disaster as necessary, so it never helps anyone. Voltaire attacks thought that justifies the world instead of improving it.","work":"Candide: Or Optimism","author":"Voltaire","url":"/works/candide/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"candide:lesson:2","title":"Work as an answer to despair","text":"The ending offers no grand theory, only modest shared labour. 'Cultivating our garden' suggests attending to what is within reach.","work":"Candide: Or Optimism","author":"Voltaire","url":"/works/candide/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"candide:lesson:3","title":"Satire as moral argument","text":"Through exaggeration and speed, Candide exposes war, slavery, religious persecution and imperial greed. Comedy becomes a way of saying what direct protest could not.","work":"Candide: Or Optimism","author":"Voltaire","url":"/works/candide/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cannery-row:lesson:1","title":"A community can be judged by its kindness","text":"The people of the Row are poor, idle or disreputable by conventional standards, yet they care for one another. Steinbeck invites readers to value generosity over respectability.","work":"Cannery Row","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/cannery-row/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cannery-row:lesson:2","title":"Seeing like a naturalist","text":"Steinbeck observes his characters the way Doc observes tide pools, with curiosity rather than judgment. The book models an ecological way of looking at human life.","work":"Cannery Row","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/cannery-row/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cannery-row:lesson:3","title":"Good intentions are not enough","text":"The first party wrecks what it meant to honour, and Frankie's gift ends in disaster. The novel holds kindness and harm side by side without easy resolution.","work":"Cannery Row","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/cannery-row/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"caps-for-sale:lesson:1","title":"Copying without understanding","text":"The monkeys copy every move the peddler makes, but they have no idea what the moves mean. That is why scolding them is useless and why a single thrown cap brings all the others down. Children can see that imitation is powerful, for good or for mischief.","work":"Caps for Sale","author":"Esphyr Slobodkina","url":"/works/caps-for-sale/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"caps-for-sale:lesson:2","title":"Anger does not get our way","text":"Each time the peddler grows angrier, from shaking a finger to stamping his feet, the monkeys only grow sillier. He gets his caps back by accident, at the moment he gives up. The book lets young children laugh at a grown-up's temper and notice that shouting did not work.","work":"Caps for Sale","author":"Esphyr Slobodkina","url":"/works/caps-for-sale/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"caps-for-sale:lesson:3","title":"Taking care of our work","text":"The peddler carries his caps carefully, walks slowly so as not to upset them, and checks they are all there before he sleeps. When he gets them back he puts every color in its proper place and goes back to work. Patient order is part of earning a living.","work":"Caps for Sale","author":"Esphyr Slobodkina","url":"/works/caps-for-sale/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"captains-courageous:lesson:1","title":"Work makes a man","text":"Harvey's riches mean nothing on the Banks; he becomes worth something only by learning skilled, hard work. Kipling shows character being formed by discipline and responsibility rather than by comfort.","work":"Captains Courageous","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/captains-courageous/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"captains-courageous:lesson:2","title":"Humility before an apology","text":"Harvey's first act of growth is to go back to Disko and say he is sorry. Kipling makes this small, hard humility the door to everything else Harvey learns.","work":"Captains Courageous","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/captains-courageous/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"captains-courageous:lesson:3","title":"A community of the sea","text":"The crew is Portuguese, Irish, Yankee and a broken Pennsylvania preacher, bound together by common danger and common bread. The book honors working men who risk their lives for their families.","work":"Captains Courageous","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/captains-courageous/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"captains-courageous:lesson:4","title":"Fathers and sons","text":"Disko and Dan, and later Cheyne and Harvey, show two fathers who love their sons by teaching and expecting much of them. Harvey's talk with his father completes the education begun on the schooner.","work":"Captains Courageous","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/captains-courageous/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"carmilla:lesson:1","title":"Evil that comes as a friend","text":"Carmilla arrives not as a monster but as a lonely, charming guest whom Laura longs to befriend. Le Fanu's horror lies in the slow recognition that affection, beauty and need can mask something that consumes. The novella asks readers to notice the signs Laura overlooks because she wants a companion.","work":"Carmilla","author":"J. Sheridan Le Fanu","url":"/works/carmilla/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"carmilla:lesson:2","title":"Reason, science and the limits of explanation","text":"Laura's father explains the peasant deaths as fever and the doctors at first treat Bertha's decline as a disease. Only the old physician from Gratz, who is ridiculed by his colleague, recognizes that no natural illness matches the symptoms. The tale stages a contest between confident rationalism and older knowledge, and lets the reader judge which proves wiser.","work":"Carmilla","author":"J. Sheridan Le Fanu","url":"/works/carmilla/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"carmilla:lesson:3","title":"Holy things and their enemies","text":"Carmilla avoids family prayers, is tormented by a funeral hymn, and is finally overcome in a ruined chapel. In contrast, Laura's childhood fright is calmed when a priest teaches her a prayer in Jesus' name. Le Fanu, the son of a Church of Ireland clergyman, uses these details to frame the vampire as a spiritual as well as a physical threat.","work":"Carmilla","author":"J. Sheridan Le Fanu","url":"/works/carmilla/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"carmilla:lesson:4","title":"Memory that will not be laid to rest","text":"The story ends not with triumph but with Laura's admission that Carmilla still returns to her memory in two forms, the playful girl and the fiend in the church. The narrative is itself a confession written for a physician, which suggests how hard it is to put an intense and consuming attachment behind oneself.","work":"Carmilla","author":"J. Sheridan Le Fanu","url":"/works/carmilla/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"carry-on-mr-bowditch:lesson:1","title":"Sailing by ash breeze","text":"Nat cannot go to Harvard and is bound to a shop for nine years, but instead of waiting for luck he works his own oars, studying every spare hour. The book shows a disappointment turned into an education by steady effort.","work":"Carry On, Mr. Bowditch","author":"Jean Lee Latham","url":"/works/carry-on-mr-bowditch/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"carry-on-mr-bowditch:lesson:2","title":"Accuracy saves lives","text":"Nat is not content to find mistakes in Moore's tables; he sees that each error could put a ship on the rocks. His careful arithmetic becomes a form of care for the men who will rely on it.","work":"Carry On, Mr. Bowditch","author":"Jean Lee Latham","url":"/works/carry-on-mr-bowditch/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"carry-on-mr-bowditch:lesson:3","title":"Knowledge shared, not hoarded","text":"Many captains guarded navigation as a secret skill, but Nat teaches every sailor who will learn, and writes his book so that an ordinary seaman can use it. His success becomes the crew's success.","work":"Carry On, Mr. Bowditch","author":"Jean Lee Latham","url":"/works/carry-on-mr-bowditch/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"carry-on-mr-bowditch:lesson:4","title":"Grief and perseverance","text":"Nat loses family members and his young wife Elizabeth, yet he keeps working and later finds love again with Polly. The book does not make grief small, but it shows a man who goes on without becoming bitter.","work":"Carry On, Mr. Bowditch","author":"Jean Lee Latham","url":"/works/carry-on-mr-bowditch/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"centesimus-annus:lesson:1","title":"Centesimus Annus: formed attention","text":"Centesimus Annus teaches students to slow down before judgment. twelfth-grade readers can use it to compare Marx, liberal capitalism, and Catholic social doctrine without flattening their assumptions","work":"Centesimus Annus","author":"John Paul II","url":"/works/centesimus-annus/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"centesimus-annus:lesson:2","title":"Centesimus Annus: order and disorder","text":"Centesimus Annus makes order visible by showing what damages it. the argument moves from 1891 social conflict through 1989 political change toward a moral account of markets, democracy, and human work","work":"Centesimus Annus","author":"John Paul II","url":"/works/centesimus-annus/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"centesimus-annus:lesson:3","title":"Centesimus Annus: body and soul","text":"Centesimus Annus gives the medical lens a human scale. its medical lens is social: work, poverty, family wages, consumerism, and solidarity all shape health before clinical care begins","work":"Centesimus Annus","author":"John Paul II","url":"/works/centesimus-annus/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ceremony:lesson:1","title":"Healing must fit the illness","text":"Tayo's sickness comes from a new world of war, racial prejudice and atomic weapons, and old remedies do not reach it. Betonie insists that ceremonies, like medicine, must evolve to remain effective.","work":"Ceremony","author":"Leslie Marmon Silko","url":"/works/ceremony/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ceremony:lesson:2","title":"Stories make the world","text":"The novel presents stories as powerful forces that can heal or destroy. Tayo's recovery requires him to recognise which story he is in and refuse the one written by violence.","work":"Ceremony","author":"Leslie Marmon Silko","url":"/works/ceremony/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ceremony:lesson:3","title":"Individual and communal health are linked","text":"Tayo's illness, the drought and the uranium mine are interconnected. The novel challenges the idea of healing as purely individual.","work":"Ceremony","author":"Leslie Marmon Silko","url":"/works/ceremony/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"challenger-disaster-address:lesson:1","title":"Speaking to the grieving","text":"Reagan addresses three audiences in turn: the nation, the families, and the schoolchildren, and he changes his words for each. To the families he admits that no one else can bear the full impact of their loss; to the children he offers a plain explanation suited to their age. Consolation, the speech shows, begins by knowing whom one is speaking to.","work":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/challenger-disaster-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"challenger-disaster-address:lesson:2","title":"Courage in exploration","text":"Reagan insists that the crew knew the dangers and overcame them, and that loss is part of the process of exploration and discovery. By linking the astronauts to Drake and the explorers of the oceans, he places them in a long line of people who risked their lives to extend human knowledge.","work":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/challenger-disaster-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"challenger-disaster-address:lesson:3","title":"Ending with hope","text":"The final sentence moves from the crew's last wave to an image of them touching the face of God. Reagan borrows a fighter pilot's poem to end a national tragedy with an affirmation that the crew's journey did not end in nothing, a consolation offered in religious language to a whole nation.","work":"Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/challenger-disaster-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"characters:lesson:1","title":"Character appears in small habits","text":"Theophrastus shows that repeated gestures reveal moral pattern. Ethical life is visible in how people tip, talk, borrow, boast and evade.","work":"Characters","author":"Theophrastus","url":"/works/characters/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"characters:lesson:2","title":"Typology clarifies and distorts","text":"Naming a type helps readers recognize patterns, but it can flatten motives and context. The book teaches both the power and danger of labels.","work":"Characters","author":"Theophrastus","url":"/works/characters/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"characters:lesson:3","title":"Comedy is social knowledge","text":"The sketches make laughter a tool of observation. Ridicule can discipline manners, but it also exposes the observer’s own standards.","work":"Characters","author":"Theophrastus","url":"/works/characters/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge:lesson:1","title":"Doubtful words favor the public","text":"Taney's rule is that when a state grants a franchise, the grantee takes only what the words clearly give. The reason is that a government exists to serve the community, so it should never be presumed to have bargained away its power to do so.","work":"Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge:lesson:2","title":"Security for investors","text":"Story answered that public works depend on private capital, and that no one will build a bridge or canal if the legislature may later destroy its value by chartering a free rival next door. His dissent treats steady protection of property as a condition of public improvement.","work":"Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge:lesson:3","title":"Law and new machines","text":"The argument about two bridges was also an argument about railroads. Taney feared that implied monopolies would freeze transportation at the level of the last century, and his opinion reads as a defense of the community's right to adopt new improvements.","work":"Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge:lesson:4","title":"Continuity and change on the bench","text":"The case was first argued before Marshall's Court and decided after Jackson's appointees had arrived. Taney did not overrule Dartmouth College, which held that charters are contracts; he narrowed what those contracts were understood to contain.","work":"Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/charles-river-bridge-v-warren-bridge/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"charlottes-web:lesson:1","title":"A true friend gives","text":"Charlotte spends her last summer and strength saving Wilbur and asks nothing in return. Wilbur learns from her how to love, and repays her by bringing her children home and caring for them.","work":"Charlotte's Web","author":"E. B. White","url":"/works/charlottes-web/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"charlottes-web:lesson:2","title":"Every life is worth saving","text":"The story begins with Fern's protest that a pig should not be killed simply for being small. That sense of justice runs through the book, as a runt becomes the most admired pig in the county.","work":"Charlotte's Web","author":"E. B. White","url":"/works/charlottes-web/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"charlottes-web:lesson:3","title":"Death is part of the seasons","text":"White does not hide that Charlotte must die or that spring pigs are often killed in winter. He sets these sad facts inside the turning year of the barn, so that death comes with new life, as Charlotte's children hatch in spring.","work":"Charlotte's Web","author":"E. B. White","url":"/works/charlottes-web/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"charlottes-web:lesson:4","title":"Words have power","text":"Four ordinary words written in a web change how a whole county sees one pig. Charlotte chooses her words carefully and truthfully, and the book shows how much good a well-chosen word can do.","work":"Charlotte's Web","author":"E. B. White","url":"/works/charlottes-web/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chekhov-uncle-vanya:lesson:1","title":"A life given away","text":"Vanya has worked for twenty-five years to support the professor's career, and when he decides that the professor is a fraud he concludes his own life has been wasted. The play does not settle whether the sacrifice was foolish or whether only the idol was false. Chekhov shows how disappointment in another person can turn into contempt for one's own past.","work":"Uncle Vanya","author":"Anton Chekhov","url":"/works/chekhov-uncle-vanya/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chekhov-uncle-vanya:lesson:2","title":"The forests and the future","text":"Astroff's maps in Act III record how the district's woods, wildlife and villages have shrunk over fifty years, and he plants trees for people who will live long after him. He hopes that descendants two hundred years on will remember the work, though he doubts it. His care for the land is the one hopeful passion in the play.","work":"Uncle Vanya","author":"Anton Chekhov","url":"/works/chekhov-uncle-vanya/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chekhov-uncle-vanya:lesson:3","title":"Idleness and beauty","text":"Astroff says a human being should be beautiful in face, clothes, mind and thoughts, and that an idle life cannot be pure. Helena's boredom unsettles the whole house, and when work stops, drinking, gossip and longing fill the time. The play's last image is a return to the ledgers.","work":"Uncle Vanya","author":"Anton Chekhov","url":"/works/chekhov-uncle-vanya/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chekhov-uncle-vanya:lesson:4","title":"Patient endurance and hope","text":"Sonia has as much reason for despair as Vanya, since Astroff does not love her, yet she answers his misery with a promise of work now and rest hereafter. Her closing speech joins patient suffering with faith in God's pity. Audiences have heard it as consolation, as resignation, or both.","work":"Uncle Vanya","author":"Anton Chekhov","url":"/works/chekhov-uncle-vanya/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chernow-washington:lesson:1","title":"Self-command over a strong temper","text":"Chernow's Washington is not naturally calm; he has a hot temper, deep pride and great ambition. His greatness lies in a discipline of restraint learned over decades, from youthful rules of civility to the poise he kept as president. The book presents character as something built by long practice rather than given at birth.","work":"Washington: A Life","author":"Ron Chernow","url":"/works/chernow-washington/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chernow-washington:lesson:2","title":"Power surrendered","text":"At Newburgh in 1783 Washington talked down officers tempted to threaten Congress, and at Annapolis he returned his commission; in 1796 he declined a third term. Chernow treats these refusals of power as his most consequential acts, the model that established civilian government in the new republic.","work":"Washington: A Life","author":"Ron Chernow","url":"/works/chernow-washington/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chernow-washington:lesson:3","title":"Perseverance through defeat","text":"Washington lost more battles than he won, and in 1776 the army nearly dissolved. Chernow shows how he kept the army in being through retreats, desertions and the winter at Valley Forge, and how surprise strokes such as Trenton restored its spirit. The war was won by endurance as much as by brilliance.","work":"Washington: A Life","author":"Ron Chernow","url":"/works/chernow-washington/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chernow-washington:lesson:4","title":"Slavery at Mount Vernon","text":"Chernow describes Washington as a slaveholder who managed hundreds of enslaved people at Mount Vernon, pursued those who escaped, and over time came to doubt the institution. In his will he provided for the freedom of the people he owned after Martha's death and for the support of the elderly and education of the young. The book sets these facts beside his public life and lets readers see both.","work":"Washington: A Life","author":"Ron Chernow","url":"/works/chernow-washington/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chess:lesson:1","title":"The mind needs nourishment","text":"The Gestapo's torture uses emptiness instead of violence, and Dr B. survives by feeding his mind on chess. Zweig shows both the necessity of mental occupation and its danger when it becomes the only thing.","work":"Chess","author":"Stefan Zweig","url":"/works/chess/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chess:lesson:2","title":"Two kinds of monomania","text":"Czentovic and Dr B. represent narrow mechanical skill and cultivated intellect under strain. The novella asks which kind of mind the new age rewards.","work":"Chess","author":"Stefan Zweig","url":"/works/chess/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chess:lesson:3","title":"Trauma returns under pressure","text":"Dr B.'s second game shows how stress can revive a past breakdown. The narrator's quiet gesture models a humane response.","work":"Chess","author":"Stefan Zweig","url":"/works/chess/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chesterton-orthodoxy:lesson:1","title":"Reason needs a larger world than reason","text":"Chesterton's maniac reasons flawlessly inside a closed circle. Sanity, he argues, is not more logic but a wider horizon that leaves room for mystery, so that a person can laugh, doubt himself, and accept things he cannot fully explain. This is why he says that mysticism keeps men sane.","work":"Orthodoxy","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/chesterton-orthodoxy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chesterton-orthodoxy:lesson:2","title":"Wonder and gratitude as the beginning of philosophy","text":"In The Ethics of Elfland Chesterton claims that fairy tales taught him more truly than scientists that the world is astonishing and need not have been. Joy often comes with a condition, and the condition should be kept rather than resented. Gratitude for existence, he says, is the first response the world calls for.","work":"Orthodoxy","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/chesterton-orthodoxy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chesterton-orthodoxy:lesson:3","title":"Holding opposites together","text":"Chapter VI argues that Christianity does not find a dull middle between opposite virtues but holds both at full strength: a courage that wants to live and is ready to die, a humility about oneself and a high view of man. Chesterton thinks the heresies are each a single truth taken alone.","work":"Orthodoxy","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/chesterton-orthodoxy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chesterton-orthodoxy:lesson:4","title":"Loving the world enough to change it","text":"In The Flag of the World Chesterton insists that reform must begin in loyalty, as a patriot loves his country before he improves it. The optimist excuses everything and the pessimist condemns everything; the Christian loves the world without worshipping it, and so can fight for it.","work":"Orthodoxy","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/chesterton-orthodoxy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chiarella-v-united-states:lesson:1","title":"When is silence fraud?","text":"Ordinary bargaining does not require a buyer to share everything he knows. Powell held that silence becomes fraud only where a duty to speak exists, and that such a duty arises from a relationship of trust and confidence. The case turns on that old principle carried into modern markets.","work":"Chiarella v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/chiarella-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chiarella-v-united-states:lesson:2","title":"Unfairness and fraud are not the same","text":"The Second Circuit treated trading on nonpublic information as inherently unfair. Powell agreed that the trading might seem unfair but insisted that Section 10(b) forbids fraud, not every advantage. The distinction illustrates how a court limits a statute to the wrong Congress actually named.","work":"Chiarella v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/chiarella-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chiarella-v-united-states:lesson:3","title":"Fair notice in criminal law","text":"The Court refused to uphold the conviction on a theory the jury never heard. Whatever duty Chiarella may have owed his employer and its clients, a criminal defendant may be convicted only on the charge actually put to the jury, a principle that protects every accused person.","work":"Chiarella v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/chiarella-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"chiarella-v-united-states:lesson:4","title":"Three theories of the duty","text":"The opinions offer three accounts of when trading on secret information is wrongful: a fiduciary relationship with the other party (Powell), the misappropriation of information entrusted by someone else (Burger), and structural access to facts others cannot obtain (Blackmun). Later cases built on the first two.","work":"Chiarella v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/chiarella-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"christ-legends:lesson:1","title":"Eyes that can see","text":"In The Holy Night the shepherd cannot see the angels until he does one merciful thing. The grandmother teaches that seeing God's glory is not a matter of lamps or candles but of a softened heart.","work":"Christ Legends","author":"Selma Lagerlöf","url":"/works/christ-legends/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"christ-legends:lesson:2","title":"Pride hides the Star","text":"The wise men of The Wise Men's Well lose the Star when they scorn a poor Child in a cave, and find it again only when they are humbled. Augustus, too, learns that the true God is the baby in the stable, not the emperor on the hill.","work":"Christ Legends","author":"Selma Lagerlöf","url":"/works/christ-legends/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"christ-legends:lesson:3","title":"Small creatures, great love","text":"A little bird, an old palm tree and clay cuckoos all serve the Child in these stories. Robin Redbreast, shy and weak, still does what he can for the suffering Lord, and is marked forever by that love.","work":"Christ Legends","author":"Selma Lagerlöf","url":"/works/christ-legends/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"christ-legends:lesson:4","title":"Saving yourself alone","text":"In Our Lord and Saint Peter, Peter's mother could have been lifted to Paradise with others clinging to her, but she pushes them all away and falls. The legend teaches that a selfish heart cannot rise.","work":"Christ Legends","author":"Selma Lagerlöf","url":"/works/christ-legends/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cicero-first-catilinarian:lesson:1","title":"Vigilance as a duty of office","text":"Cicero's power in the speech comes from knowledge: he names dates, houses, and plans before Catiline can deny them. The consul presents watchfulness for the republic's safety as the first duty of anyone entrusted with public office.","work":"First Oration Against Catiline","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-first-catilinarian/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cicero-first-catilinarian:lesson:2","title":"Restraint in the use of power","text":"Cicero holds a decree that would allow him to execute Catiline but chooses to order him out of the city instead. He argues that killing one man would leave the conspiracy hidden, while exile will expose it. The speech shows a magistrate weighing justice, prudence, and public opinion before acting.","work":"First Oration Against Catiline","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-first-catilinarian/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cicero-first-catilinarian:lesson:3","title":"The force of silence and shame","text":"In sections 16-21 Cicero turns the senate's empty benches and silence into evidence. Catiline is condemned not by a vote but by the visible refusal of his peers to sit near him or defend him, and Cicero names this shame as a judgment Catiline cannot escape.","work":"First Oration Against Catiline","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-first-catilinarian/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cicero-on-duties:lesson:1","title":"The honourable and the useful are one","text":"Cicero's central claim is that a real conflict between what is right and what is advantageous is an illusion; the apparent conflict arises when people misjudge what benefits them. Book III tests the claim against cases where deceit or oath-breaking seem to pay.","work":"On Duties (De Officiis)","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-on-duties/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cicero-on-duties:lesson:2","title":"Duties ranked by closeness","text":"Cicero does not treat all obligations as equal. He ranks the claims of country, parents, children, household, kin and friends, and he adds that circumstances change the ranking, so that a neighbour may have the better claim at harvest and a kinsman in court.","work":"On Duties (De Officiis)","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-on-duties/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cicero-on-duties:lesson:3","title":"Justice even toward enemies","text":"In Book I Cicero argues that war is waged only so that people may live in peace without injury, that promises to an enemy must be kept, and that the conquered who were not cruel should be spared. These pages fed into later Christian and early modern writing on just war.","work":"On Duties (De Officiis)","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-on-duties/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cicero-on-duties:lesson:4","title":"Fitting conduct and one's own nature","text":"Decorum asks a person to act in keeping with human nature and with his own particular gifts, station and stage of life. Cicero tells Marcus to choose a calling that fits his character rather than imitate another's.","work":"On Duties (De Officiis)","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-on-duties/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cicero-republic-and-laws:lesson:1","title":"A people is joined by justice, not by numbers","text":"Scipio's definition says a crowd is not yet a people. A commonwealth exists only where citizens share an agreement about what is right and a common interest. When rulers or majorities stop serving that common good, the community loses the thing that made it a commonwealth.","work":"The Republic and The Laws","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-republic-and-laws/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cicero-republic-and-laws:lesson:2","title":"Blend the simple forms so that none decays alone","text":"Each simple constitution carries the seed of its own corruption: kings become tyrants, nobles a faction, the people a mob. Cicero, following Polybius, argues that a constitution mixing royal, aristocratic and popular elements is more stable, and that Rome built one slowly through many generations rather than by a single founder's design.","work":"The Republic and The Laws","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-republic-and-laws/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cicero-republic-and-laws:lesson:3","title":"There is one true law above every statute","text":"Laelius and the Cicero of the Laws hold that right reason in agreement with nature binds all peoples at all times. Senate and people cannot repeal it, and an enactment that commands wickedness is not truly law. This is one of the classic statements of natural law in the Western tradition.","work":"The Republic and The Laws","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-republic-and-laws/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cicero-republic-and-laws:lesson:4","title":"Earthly glory looks small from heaven","text":"The Dream of Scipio asks a man at the height of his fame to look down at the tiny earth. Fame is local and short; the soul is immortal; the reward that lasts belongs to those who serve their country justly for its own sake. Cicero joins public duty to a hope beyond the grave.","work":"The Republic and The Laws","author":"Marcus Tullius Cicero","url":"/works/cicero-republic-and-laws/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"citizenship-in-a-republic:lesson:1","title":"The arena belongs to the doer","text":"Roosevelt's most famous paragraph is a rebuke to his own audience of scholars. Criticism costs nothing, he argues, while honest effort always risks visible failure; the one who strives and falls short deserves more honor than the one who never tries. Error is treated not as disgrace but as the price of any real effort.","work":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/citizenship-in-a-republic/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"citizenship-in-a-republic:lesson:2","title":"A republic rests on ordinary character","text":"The speech's thesis is that self-government shifts the burden of national greatness from rulers to citizens. Plain virtues such as work, courage, honesty, and family loyalty therefore become public matters, and the educated are held to a higher standard because the average depends on them.","work":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/citizenship-in-a-republic/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"citizenship-in-a-republic:lesson:3","title":"If you will steal for me, you will steal from me","text":"The maverick anecdote turns a ranch-hand's misplaced loyalty into a political principle: a public man who promises to do wrong on your behalf has shown he will do wrong against you when it suits him. Roosevelt applies the same honesty test to nations, refusing any separate morality for public life.","work":"Citizenship in a Republic (\"The Man in the Arena\")","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/citizenship-in-a-republic/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"city-of-god:lesson:1","title":"Political disaster is not ultimate meaning","text":"Augustine refuses to let Rome’s fall define reality. He teaches a discipline of hope beyond state success or failure.","work":"City of God","author":"Augustine of Hippo","url":"/works/city-of-god/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"city-of-god:lesson:2","title":"Loves build cities","text":"The book’s deepest sociology is affective: communities are ordered by what they love. Politics begins in desire.","work":"City of God","author":"Augustine of Hippo","url":"/works/city-of-god/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"city-of-god:lesson:3","title":"Suffering does not equal shame","text":"Augustine’s discussion of violated bodies insists that involuntary suffering does not stain the will. That claim has lasting pastoral power despite difficult surrounding arguments.","work":"City of God","author":"Augustine of Hippo","url":"/works/city-of-god/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"civilization-and-its-discontents:lesson:1","title":"Every way of escaping suffering has a cost","text":"Freud's survey in chapter two treats intoxication, withdrawal, sublimation, love and religion as strategies with different risks and payoffs, not as right or wrong choices. It is an early, sober comparison of coping methods.","work":"Civilization and Its Discontents","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/civilization-and-its-discontents/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"civilization-and-its-discontents:lesson:2","title":"Conscience grows harsher the more we obey it","text":"Freud's paradox is that renouncing aggression feeds the super-ego, so the most virtuous people may feel the most guilt. Guilt need not track wrongdoing at all.","work":"Civilization and Its Discontents","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/civilization-and-its-discontents/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"civilization-and-its-discontents:lesson:3","title":"Aggression does not disappear when property does","text":"Against utopian hopes, Freud argues that hostility is a drive that will find new objects, including minor differences between closely related groups. Social reform can redirect but not abolish it.","work":"Civilization and Its Discontents","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/civilization-and-its-discontents/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"civilization-and-its-discontents:lesson:4","title":"A diagnosis of a whole culture should be offered with caution","text":"Freud raises the possibility that civilizations can be neurotic, then warns that there is no 'normal' culture to compare them with and no authority to impose therapy. The ending refuses consolation.","work":"Civilization and Its Discontents","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/civilization-and-its-discontents/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cold-comfort-farm:lesson:1","title":"Common sense against melodrama","text":"Flora defeats gloom and passion with practical arrangements. The novel champions clear-eyed sense against the romantic belief that suffering is profound.","work":"Cold Comfort Farm","author":"Stella Gibbons","url":"/works/cold-comfort-farm/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cold-comfort-farm:lesson:2","title":"Parody as criticism","text":"By exaggerating the clichés of rural novels, Gibbons exposes their absurdities. The starred 'purple passages' turn literary criticism into comedy.","work":"Cold Comfort Farm","author":"Stella Gibbons","url":"/works/cold-comfort-farm/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cold-comfort-farm:lesson:3","title":"Control through invalidism","text":"Aunt Ada's power rests on a vague childhood trauma and a refusal to leave her room. The novel satirises how a household can be organised around one person's illness or grievance.","work":"Cold Comfort Farm","author":"Stella Gibbons","url":"/works/cold-comfort-farm/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"colum-the-golden-fleece:lesson:1","title":"Stories told on the rowing benches","text":"Colum makes the Argo a ship of storytellers. Orpheus sings of the beginning of things, the Lemnian women tell of Demeter and Persephone, the heroes hear of Prometheus and Pandora, and the daughters of Atlas tell of Perseus. The book shows how a people's myths fit together and how stories carry courage and memory on a long journey.","work":"The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles","author":"Padraic Colum","url":"/works/colum-the-golden-fleece/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"colum-the-golden-fleece:lesson:2","title":"Heracles calls the heroes back to their purpose","text":"At Lemnos the heroes, Jason too, nearly forget the Fleece in the comfort of the island, and Heracles reminds them of what they set out to do; Atalanta agrees. Later, at Caucasus, Heracles himself leaves the voyage for a greater labour. Colum shows that a quest needs companions who will remind each other of their purpose.","work":"The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles","author":"Padraic Colum","url":"/works/colum-the-golden-fleece/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"colum-the-golden-fleece:lesson:3","title":"Hope under the rim of Pandora's jar","text":"In the tale told after Lemnos, Pandora's jar spills sickness, war and strife among men, but Hope is caught under the rim and later carried into the houses of men by a weeping woman. Because of Hope, men and women rouse themselves in their afflictions and look toward gladness. Colum gives young readers a picture of hope as the gift that makes trouble bearable.","work":"The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles","author":"Padraic Colum","url":"/works/colum-the-golden-fleece/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"colum-the-golden-fleece:lesson:4","title":"Arete's counsel to Medea","text":"Queen Arete, a woman who knows nothing of enchantments but has much human wisdom, tells Medea to forget her witcheries and never to practise against anyone's life. In the last chapter Medea cannot keep that counsel, and sorrow follows at Iolcus and Corinth. The contrast teaches the difference between power and wisdom.","work":"The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles","author":"Padraic Colum","url":"/works/colum-the-golden-fleece/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england:lesson:1","title":"Human law rests on natural and revealed law","text":"Blackstone begins his account of English law with God. The law of nature, dictated by God and binding everywhere, and the revealed law of Scripture are the two foundations; human laws regulate matters left indifferent and must not contradict them. Positive law, on this view, is a servant of a higher order.","work":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","author":"William Blackstone","url":"/works/commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england:lesson:2","title":"Three absolute rights of every Englishman","text":"Book I, ch. 1 names personal security, personal liberty and private property as the absolute rights that society exists to protect. Blackstone shows that these rights would be words only without auxiliary rights: Parliament, limits on the crown, the courts, petition and arms. Rights need institutions to guard them.","work":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","author":"William Blackstone","url":"/works/commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england:lesson:3","title":"Law as an inheritance of precedent","text":"The common law is not a code enacted at a single time but a body of customs known through the decisions of judges, who are bound to follow precedent unless it is clearly absurd or unjust. Blackstone presents this as a source of stability and of liberty, since no single ruler can remake the law at will.","work":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","author":"William Blackstone","url":"/works/commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england:lesson:4","title":"Every gentleman should know the law","text":"In his opening lecture Blackstone argues that knowledge of law belongs to liberal education, because jurors, magistrates, legislators and landowners all exercise legal power. A free people that does not understand its laws cannot keep them.","work":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","author":"William Blackstone","url":"/works/commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england:lesson:5","title":"The law as guardian of those who cannot guard themselves","text":"Chapter 8's account of idiots and lunatics shows the crown acting as trustee for people unable to manage their affairs, preserving their property for them and forbidding the next heir to be the keeper of a lunatic, since he would gain by the person's death. Blackstone presents this protective duty as part of the king's office as general conservator of his people.","work":"Commentaries on the Laws of England","author":"William Blackstone","url":"/works/commentaries-on-the-laws-of-england/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"common-sense-rights-of-man-and-other-writings:lesson:1","title":"Plain style can radicalize politics","text":"Paine's genius is making complicated grievances sound legible to ordinary readers. Accessibility becomes a revolutionary force.","work":"Common Sense, Rights of Man, The Age of Reason, and The American Crisis","author":"Thomas Paine","url":"/works/common-sense-rights-of-man-and-other-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"common-sense-rights-of-man-and-other-writings:lesson:2","title":"Inherited power needs justification","text":"Paine refuses to treat monarchy, aristocracy, or priestly authority as self-evident. Institutions must answer reason and public good.","work":"Common Sense, Rights of Man, The Age of Reason, and The American Crisis","author":"Thomas Paine","url":"/works/common-sense-rights-of-man-and-other-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"common-sense-rights-of-man-and-other-writings:lesson:3","title":"Revolutionary confidence can outrun complexity","text":"Paine's clarity is exhilarating, but it can simplify the difficulty of building stable institutions after revolt. He is strongest as spark, not architect.","work":"Common Sense, Rights of Man, The Age of Reason, and The American Crisis","author":"Thomas Paine","url":"/works/common-sense-rights-of-man-and-other-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"compromise-of-1850-speeches:lesson:1","title":"What a compromise asks of each side","text":"Clay insisted that his plan asked neither section to give up a principle, only feelings and opinions held about matters in dispute. He went resolution by resolution to show a give and take. Calhoun replied that the South had nothing left to surrender and asked for justice rather than compromise. The contrast shows two different understandings of what settling a quarrel requires.","work":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","author":"Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster","url":"/works/compromise-of-1850-speeches/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"compromise-of-1850-speeches:lesson:2","title":"Diagnosing a political illness","text":"Calhoun treats the crisis as a disease with a cause. He argues that discontent is a symptom, traces it to the loss of sectional balance, and describes the cords of union breaking one by one, first in the churches. Whatever one concludes about his remedy, his speech is a model of reasoning from symptom to cause.","work":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","author":"Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster","url":"/works/compromise-of-1850-speeches/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"compromise-of-1850-speeches:lesson:3","title":"Speaking against one's own section","text":"Webster opened by declaring that he spoke as an American rather than as a Massachusetts man, and he went on to grant Southern complaints about fugitives and to rebuke Northern agitation as well as Southern threats. Many of his New England supporters turned against him. The speech raises the question of what a representative owes his constituents and what he owes the whole country.","work":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","author":"Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster","url":"/works/compromise-of-1850-speeches/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"compromise-of-1850-speeches:lesson:4","title":"Three old men facing the end of the Union they built","text":"Clay prays not to survive the Union's dissolution, Calhoun is too weak to read his own speech and dies within the month, and Webster asks what he would be if he were an American no longer. The speeches carry the weight of a generation that had known the founders and feared outliving their work.","work":"Speeches on the Compromise of 1850","author":"Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster","url":"/works/compromise-of-1850-speeches/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"computable-numbers-and-computing-machinery:lesson:1","title":"Definition can create a field","text":"Turing's machine is powerful because it defines computation in a form that can be reasoned about. The lesson is that a good abstraction does not merely simplify a problem; it makes new proofs, machines, and disciplines possible.","work":"On Computable Numbers and Computing Machinery","author":"Alan Turing","url":"/works/computable-numbers-and-computing-machinery/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"computable-numbers-and-computing-machinery:lesson:2","title":"Limits are discoveries, not defeats","text":"The undecidability result is negative, but it gives computation a rigorous boundary. Turing shows that knowing what cannot be done is part of understanding what mechanical procedure is.","work":"On Computable Numbers and Computing Machinery","author":"Alan Turing","url":"/works/computable-numbers-and-computing-machinery/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"computable-numbers-and-computing-machinery:lesson:3","title":"Mind can be approached through behavior","text":"The imitation game moves debate from inner essence to observable exchange. This does not settle consciousness, but it gives a practical way to test claims about intelligence without pretending to inspect another mind directly.","work":"On Computable Numbers and Computing Machinery","author":"Alan Turing","url":"/works/computable-numbers-and-computing-machinery/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"confessions:lesson:1","title":"The divided will","text":"Augustine shows that knowing the good is not the same as wanting it wholeheartedly. His account of habit binding the will is one of the first detailed analyses of inner conflict.","work":"Confessions","author":"Augustine of Hippo","url":"/works/confessions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"confessions:lesson:2","title":"Grief and the love of mortal things","text":"The death of his friend in Book IV teaches Augustine that loving mortal things as if they were permanent leads to devastation. He reframes love rather than renouncing it.","work":"Confessions","author":"Augustine of Hippo","url":"/works/confessions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"confessions:lesson:3","title":"Memory and time as mysteries of the mind","text":"Books X and XI turn autobiography into philosophy, asking how the mind holds the past and future. Augustine's insight that time is experienced in the present mind remains influential.","work":"Confessions","author":"Augustine of Hippo","url":"/works/confessions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"copernicus-on-the-revolutions:lesson:1","title":"A simpler order can be a reason to believe","text":"Copernicus's system did not at first predict planetary positions much better than Ptolemy's, and it still used many circles. Its appeal lay in the way it fixed the order and distances of the planets and explained their backward loops by a single cause, the earth's motion. The book teaches that coherence and explanatory unity are themselves forms of evidence, though not final proof.","work":"On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres","author":"Nicolaus Copernicus","url":"/works/copernicus-on-the-revolutions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"copernicus-on-the-revolutions:lesson:2","title":"Calculating device or true description","text":"Osiander's note says that astronomical hypotheses need only save the appearances, while Copernicus's own dedication treats the earth's motion as real. The two prefaces set out a question that runs through the history of science: whether a successful theory describes the world or only orders our observations.","work":"On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres","author":"Nicolaus Copernicus","url":"/works/copernicus-on-the-revolutions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"copernicus-on-the-revolutions:lesson:3","title":"Recovering the ancients to go beyond them","text":"Copernicus searched Cicero, Plutarch and other ancient writers for anyone who had moved the earth, and found Philolaus, Heraclides and Ecphantus. Like many Renaissance scholars he presented his innovation as the recovery of an older wisdom, and then worked it out with mathematical care no ancient had given it.","work":"On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres","author":"Nicolaus Copernicus","url":"/works/copernicus-on-the-revolutions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"copernicus-on-the-revolutions:lesson:4","title":"Patience in publishing","text":"Copernicus outlined his system decades before he printed it and published only when friends pressed him. His dedication reveals both caution about ridicule and a wish that competent judges, not the merely clever, should weigh the work.","work":"On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres","author":"Nicolaus Copernicus","url":"/works/copernicus-on-the-revolutions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cranford:lesson:1","title":"Kindness beneath the rules","text":"Cranford's ladies keep fussy rules about calls, dress and money, and Gaskell laughs at them. Yet when trouble comes, the same ladies give quietly and generously, so the comedy turns out to cover real tenderness.","work":"Cranford","author":"Elizabeth Gaskell","url":"/works/cranford/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cranford:lesson:2","title":"Honesty when it costs","text":"Miss Matty gives five sovereigns for a farmer's worthless note because she feels responsible as a shareholder. Captain Brown admits his poverty openly. Both choose honesty over appearances.","work":"Cranford","author":"Elizabeth Gaskell","url":"/works/cranford/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cranford:lesson:3","title":"Old loves and long regrets","text":"Miss Matty's lost chance with Thomas Holbrook and the family's loss of Peter show how pride and harshness can shape a whole life. Gaskell treats these sorrows gently and lets late grace restore some of what was lost.","work":"Cranford","author":"Elizabeth Gaskell","url":"/works/cranford/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cranford:lesson:4","title":"Old ways and the railway age","text":"The railway that brings news from Drumble is also the train that kills Captain Brown, and the joint-stock bank that pays Miss Matty fails without warning. Gaskell shows a small community meeting the new world with its old loyalties.","work":"Cranford","author":"Elizabeth Gaskell","url":"/works/cranford/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"crime-and-punishment:lesson:1","title":"Crime and Punishment: formed attention","text":"Crime and Punishment teaches students to slow down before judgment. eleventh-grade readers can test utilitarian reasoning, pride, poverty, and Christian mercy through a plot that never lets ideas stay abstract","work":"Crime and Punishment","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/crime-and-punishment/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"crime-and-punishment:lesson:2","title":"Crime and Punishment: order and disorder","text":"Crime and Punishment makes order visible by showing what damages it. the novel turns detection inward: police pursuit matters, but conscience, dreams, illness, and Sonya's witness become the deeper tribunal","work":"Crime and Punishment","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/crime-and-punishment/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"crime-and-punishment:lesson:3","title":"Crime and Punishment: body and soul","text":"Crime and Punishment gives the medical lens a human scale. this is a major psychiatric novel: fever, delirium, obsession, dissociation, alcoholism, suicide, trauma, and moral injury drive the action","work":"Crime and Punishment","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/crime-and-punishment/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"critique-of-pure-reason:lesson:1","title":"The mind shapes what it can experience","text":"Kant argues that space, time and the categories are conditions under which anything can appear to us. Knowledge is real but always of things as they appear, never as they are in themselves.","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/critique-of-pure-reason/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"critique-of-pure-reason:lesson:2","title":"Concepts and sensations need each other","text":"Thoughts without content are empty and intuitions without concepts are blind. Neither pure reasoning nor raw data alone gives knowledge; understanding is the joint work of both.","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/critique-of-pure-reason/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"critique-of-pure-reason:lesson:3","title":"Reason produces illusions it cannot simply switch off","text":"The Dialectic shows that reason naturally overreaches when it asks about the soul, the world-whole and God. Kant calls this transcendental illusion: like an optical illusion, it persists even after it is diagnosed.","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/critique-of-pure-reason/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"critique-of-pure-reason:lesson:4","title":"A unified self is a condition of thinking, not a known thing","text":"The 'I think' must be able to accompany all my representations, but this formal unity does not prove a simple, immortal soul. Kant separates the necessary unity of consciousness from claims about what the self is made of.","work":"Critique of Pure Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/critique-of-pure-reason/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health:lesson:1","title":"The right to refuse treatment","text":"The Chief Justice traced a line from the old rule against unconsented touching to the modern doctrine of informed consent, and from there to a right to decline treatment. The Court was willing to assume that a competent adult holds such a right under the Constitution, while leaving its exact scope undefined.","work":"Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health:lesson:2","title":"Who speaks for a person who cannot?","text":"Nancy Cruzan could not tell anyone what she wanted. The majority held that Missouri could insist on clear proof of her own earlier wishes rather than accept her family's judgment; the dissenters answered that her best interests and the testimony of those who knew her should count.","work":"Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health:lesson:3","title":"The interest in life","text":"Missouri claimed an interest in preserving life as such, apart from any judgment about its quality. The majority accepted that interest; Brennan and Stevens argued that a state has no interest in a person's life abstracted from the person. The opinions bring a long moral debate into the language of constitutional law.","work":"Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health:lesson:4","title":"Leaving questions to the states","text":"O'Connor emphasized that the decision left states free to develop their own approaches, including recognizing appointed surrogates. In the years that followed, states and Congress expanded the use of written directives and health-care proxies, partly in response to the case.","work":"Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/cruzan-v-director-missouri-department-of-health/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cuchulain-of-muirthemne:lesson:1","title":"Fame chosen over a long life","text":"When Cathbad says that the boy who takes arms that day will be famous but short-lived, Cuchulain takes arms at once and says he would gladly live a single day if his deeds were remembered. The whole book follows the cost of that choice to its end at the pillar-stone.","work":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","author":"Lady Gregory","url":"/works/cuchulain-of-muirthemne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cuchulain-of-muirthemne:lesson:2","title":"Making amends","text":"The boy Setanta kills Culain's hound to save his own life, yet he sees the smith's loss and offers to be his watch-dog until a new hound is trained. He takes his very name from that act of repair, so the hero's identity begins in responsibility.","work":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","author":"Lady Gregory","url":"/works/cuchulain-of-muirthemne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cuchulain-of-muirthemne:lesson:3","title":"Friendship tested by war","text":"Ferdiad and Cuchulain trained together under Scathach and swore never to fight each other, but Maeve's promises and threats bring Ferdiad to the ford. Cuchulain fights him only because he must defend Ulster, and his lament afterwards is one of the most moving passages in the book.","work":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","author":"Lady Gregory","url":"/works/cuchulain-of-muirthemne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cuchulain-of-muirthemne:lesson:4","title":"A people's stories in a people's speech","text":"Lady Gregory wrote for her neighbours in Kiltartan, telling heroic stories in the English they spoke every day rather than in a learned style. The book shows how old tales can be handed back to the people they first belonged to.","work":"Cuchulain of Muirthemne","author":"Lady Gregory","url":"/works/cuchulain-of-muirthemne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cybernetics:lesson:1","title":"Feedback makes behavior intelligible","text":"Cybernetics teaches that action is often circular rather than linear. Systems persist by sensing deviations, correcting them, and learning from the consequences of earlier movement.","work":"Cybernetics","author":"Norbert Wiener","url":"/works/cybernetics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cybernetics:lesson:2","title":"Analogy can found a science","text":"Wiener's comparisons between machines and organisms are risky but productive. They show how a shared structure can illuminate unlike domains without making them identical.","work":"Cybernetics","author":"Norbert Wiener","url":"/works/cybernetics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cybernetics:lesson:3","title":"Automation never escapes responsibility","text":"The same tools that improve regulation and prediction can also hide human agency behind technical systems. Cybernetics asks readers to keep moral responsibility visible when machines act inside human institutions.","work":"Cybernetics","author":"Norbert Wiener","url":"/works/cybernetics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cyrano-de-bergerac:lesson:1","title":"Beauty of soul and beauty of face","text":"Roxane at first loves Christian's face and believes his words come from him. By Act IV she says she loves his soul and would love him if he were ugly. The play asks what love truly sees, and lets the audience recognize Cyrano's worth before Roxane does.","work":"Cyrano de Bergerac","author":"Edmond Rostand","url":"/works/cyrano-de-bergerac/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cyrano-de-bergerac:lesson:2","title":"Independence and its price","text":"In the No, grammercy speech of Act II, Cyrano refuses to flatter patrons or climb by creeping like ivy. He would rather mount alone. He keeps his freedom, but he ends poor, wounded and full of enemies. The play admires his integrity and lets us count its cost.","work":"Cyrano de Bergerac","author":"Edmond Rostand","url":"/works/cyrano-de-bergerac/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cyrano-de-bergerac:lesson:3","title":"Silence as sacrifice","text":"After Christian dies, Cyrano keeps the secret for fifteen years so that Roxane's memory of her husband is not spoiled. His silence is both noble and costly. Only his reading of the last letter in the dark gives him away.","work":"Cyrano de Bergerac","author":"Edmond Rostand","url":"/works/cyrano-de-bergerac/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"cyrano-de-bergerac:lesson:4","title":"Panache","text":"Cyrano's last word names the white plume of gallant style and courage he refuses to lose. Even dying, he fights Falsehood, Compromise and Prejudice, knowing he will fall. The play makes a lost cause fought well into a kind of victory.","work":"Cyrano de Bergerac","author":"Edmond Rostand","url":"/works/cyrano-de-bergerac/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"d-day-order-of-the-day:lesson:1","title":"Honesty about the danger","text":"Eisenhower does not tell his men the landing will be easy. A full paragraph describes a skilled and savage enemy, and only then does the order give reasons for confidence. The sequence teaches that real encouragement names the difficulty before it answers it.","work":"Order of the Day, 6 June 1944","author":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","url":"/works/d-day-order-of-the-day/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"d-day-order-of-the-day:lesson:2","title":"A commander's confidence in his men","text":"The order says almost nothing about Eisenhower himself; its one first-person sentence expresses full confidence in the men's courage, devotion to duty, and skill. Leadership here consists in placing trust where the work will actually be done, in the landing craft and on the beaches.","work":"Order of the Day, 6 June 1944","author":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","url":"/works/d-day-order-of-the-day/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"d-day-order-of-the-day:lesson:3","title":"The language of crusade and blessing","text":"Eisenhower frames the invasion as a crusade for liberty and closes with a prayer for God's blessing. The order joins military planning to moral purpose and to humility before God, presenting the operation as a just cause whose outcome is not wholly in human hands.","work":"Order of the Day, 6 June 1944","author":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","url":"/works/d-day-order-of-the-day/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"daisy-miller:lesson:1","title":"Judging by codes we half-understand","text":"Winterbourne cannot read Daisy because he sees her only through European social codes. The novella shows how judgment can masquerade as perception.","work":"Daisy Miller","author":"Henry James","url":"/works/daisy-miller/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"daisy-miller:lesson:2","title":"The cost of exclusion","text":"Society punishes Daisy for breaking rules that do no one harm, and the expatriates are more rigid than the Europeans they imitate. James exposes the cruelty of conformity among those anxious about status.","work":"Daisy Miller","author":"Henry James","url":"/works/daisy-miller/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"daisy-miller:lesson:3","title":"Relief in certainty","text":"Winterbourne is relieved when he can finally classify Daisy as improper. James suggests how readily people prefer a simple verdict to living with ambiguity.","work":"Daisy Miller","author":"Henry James","url":"/works/daisy-miller/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dante-de-monarchia:lesson:1","title":"Peace as the condition of human flourishing","text":"Dante argues that mankind as a whole has a work to do, the full use of the intellect in thought and action, and that this work requires peace. He grounds his political argument in the angels' song at Bethlehem and Christ's greeting, so that civil order serves the highest human goods.","work":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","author":"Dante Alighieri; R. W. Church","url":"/works/dante-de-monarchia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dante-de-monarchia:lesson:2","title":"Freedom of will and freedom under law","text":"Dante defines freedom as judgment that is not forestalled by appetite and calls it God's greatest gift. He argues that citizens under a just monarch are free because the ruler exists for their sake, not they for his. Political freedom, on this account, depends on right order rather than the absence of rule.","work":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","author":"Dante Alighieri; R. W. Church","url":"/works/dante-de-monarchia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dante-de-monarchia:lesson:3","title":"Two ends, two guides","text":"Book III teaches that man is ordered both to happiness in this life and to eternal life, and that God has provided two authorities for these ends. The emperor rules by philosophy and the moral virtues; the pope leads by revelation and the theological virtues. Each receives authority from God, and neither should absorb the other.","work":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","author":"Dante Alighieri; R. W. Church","url":"/works/dante-de-monarchia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dante-de-monarchia:lesson:4","title":"Reading history as providence","text":"In Book II Dante reads Roman history as the working of divine providence, through miracles, the virtue of Roman heroes, and the birth and death of Christ under Roman authority. The book invites students to consider how a Christian may see God's hand in the rise of nations.","work":"De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante)","author":"Dante Alighieri; R. W. Church","url":"/works/dante-de-monarchia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dartmouth-college-v-woodward:lesson:1","title":"Public body or private charity?","text":"Both sides agreed that a state may reshape its own civil institutions. The whole case turned on whether Dartmouth was one of them. Marshall looked at where the money came from, who appointed the trustees and what they did, and concluded that teaching the young does not make a teacher a public officer.","work":"Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dartmouth-college-v-woodward/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dartmouth-college-v-woodward:lesson:2","title":"The artificial person","text":"Marshall's description of a corporation as an artificial being, invisible, intangible and existing only in law, explains how a group of changing individuals can hold property and act as one across generations. The charter gives it only the powers written there, and Marshall argues that the state cannot later add or remove them at will.","work":"Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dartmouth-college-v-woodward/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dartmouth-college-v-woodward:lesson:3","title":"When a rule reaches cases its authors did not foresee","text":"Marshall admits that the framers probably were not thinking of college charters when they wrote the Contract Clause. He holds that a case within the words of a rule must still be governed by it unless there is a plain and strong reason to except it. Students can weigh this method of reading laws.","work":"Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dartmouth-college-v-woodward/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dartmouth-college-v-woodward:lesson:4","title":"Founders, donors and the dead hand","text":"The trustees argued that donors gave their money trusting the charter to keep it under the government Wheelock designed. New Hampshire argued that a college serving the public should not remain forever in the hands of a self-perpetuating board named under a king. The case asks how long the wishes of founders should bind those who come after.","work":"Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dartmouth-college-v-woodward/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"david-copperfield:lesson:1","title":"The undisciplined heart","text":"David's mistakes in love and friendship come from impulse rather than malice. Dickens traces how maturity means learning to choose wisely without losing warmth.","work":"David Copperfield","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/david-copperfield/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"david-copperfield:lesson:2","title":"Cruelty and kindness in raising children","text":"The Murdstones' 'firmness' and Creakle's beatings contrast with Betsey's and Peggotty's care. The novel argues that harsh discipline harms, while affectionate structure heals.","work":"David Copperfield","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/david-copperfield/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"david-copperfield:lesson:3","title":"Money and character","text":"Micawber's improvidence, Heep's greed and Betsey's apparent ruin show how money tests character. Dickens finds virtue in honesty under financial pressure.","work":"David Copperfield","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/david-copperfield/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"de-anima:lesson:1","title":"De Anima: formed attention","text":"De Anima teaches students to slow down before judgment. students learn a premodern alternative to both material reduction and disembodied spiritualism, one that starts from plants and animals before reaching intellect","work":"De Anima","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/de-anima/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"de-anima:lesson:2","title":"De Anima: order and disorder","text":"De Anima makes order visible by showing what damages it. the treatise rejects soul as a ghostly passenger and defines it as the form and actuality of a living organic body","work":"De Anima","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/de-anima/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"de-anima:lesson:3","title":"De Anima: body and soul","text":"De Anima gives the medical lens a human scale. the work matters to medicine because perception, touch, appetite, and bodily organization become the basis for thinking about life and mind","work":"De Anima","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/de-anima/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"de-materia-medica:lesson:1","title":"Drugs are ecological objects","text":"Dioscorides treats medicines as things that grow, travel, spoil and get counterfeited. Pharmacology begins with natural history and supply chains.","work":"De Materia Medica","author":"Dioscorides","url":"/works/de-materia-medica/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"de-materia-medica:lesson:2","title":"Dose separates help from harm","text":"The same substance can relieve pain, induce sleep or kill. The work teaches a premodern version of toxicological caution.","work":"De Materia Medica","author":"Dioscorides","url":"/works/de-materia-medica/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"de-materia-medica:lesson:3","title":"Psychopharmacology has deep roots","text":"Opium, mandrake, hellebore and henbane show ancient attempts to alter pain, sleep, mood and madness. The categories are old even when mechanisms are not.","work":"De Materia Medica","author":"Dioscorides","url":"/works/de-materia-medica/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"de-regno:lesson:1","title":"De Regno: formed attention","text":"De Regno teaches students to slow down before judgment. twelfth-grade readers can compare Aquinas with Aristotle, modern rights language, and revolutionary political theory","work":"De Regno","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/de-regno/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"de-regno:lesson:2","title":"De Regno: order and disorder","text":"De Regno makes order visible by showing what damages it. the treatise praises unified rule while carefully distinguishing kingship from tyranny and placing political authority within moral and divine order","work":"De Regno","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/de-regno/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"de-regno:lesson:3","title":"De Regno: body and soul","text":"De Regno gives the medical lens a human scale. the medical lens is analogical: tyranny appears as a disorder of the body politic, and prudent rule resembles care ordered toward communal health","work":"De Regno","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/de-regno/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"death-be-not-proud:lesson:1","title":"Arguing with death","text":"Donne does not merely console; he debates. The sonnet moves through premises (sleep is death's picture, sleep is pleasant, death serves lower masters) to a conclusion, showing that faith can reason and that fear can be met with argument as well as feeling.","work":"Holy Sonnet X: \"Death, be not proud\"","author":"John Donne","url":"/works/death-be-not-proud/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"death-be-not-proud:lesson:2","title":"Cutting death down to size","text":"Lines 9-12 humble Death by naming its masters and its companions. A thing that obeys fate, chance, kings and desperate men, and that poppy can rival, is no sovereign. The sonnet teaches that much of death's terror lies in its reputation, which the poem attacks.","work":"Holy Sonnet X: \"Death, be not proud\"","author":"John Donne","url":"/works/death-be-not-proud/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"death-be-not-proud:lesson:3","title":"The resurrection as the ground of courage","text":"The last two lines give the sonnet's true reason for confidence: after one short sleep we wake eternally. Donne's boldness depends on the Christian hope of the resurrection, not on stoic indifference, and the final paradox makes death the one that dies.","work":"Holy Sonnet X: \"Death, be not proud\"","author":"John Donne","url":"/works/death-be-not-proud/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"death-comes-for-the-archbishop:lesson:1","title":"Death Comes for the Archbishop: formed attention","text":"Death Comes for the Archbishop teaches students to slow down before judgment. tenth-grade readers can discuss sanctity, cultural encounter, institutional building, friendship, and the danger of turning mission into conquest","work":"Death Comes for the Archbishop","author":"Willa Cather","url":"/works/death-comes-for-the-archbishop/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"death-comes-for-the-archbishop:lesson:2","title":"Death Comes for the Archbishop: order and disorder","text":"Death Comes for the Archbishop makes order visible by showing what damages it. the novel unfolds episodically, more like hagiography and memory than plot-driven fiction, until Latour's death gathers the whole vocation into stillness","work":"Death Comes for the Archbishop","author":"Willa Cather","url":"/works/death-comes-for-the-archbishop/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"death-comes-for-the-archbishop:lesson:3","title":"Death Comes for the Archbishop: body and soul","text":"Death Comes for the Archbishop gives the medical lens a human scale. the medical lens includes travel hardship, hunger, fever, aging, deathbed care, and the bodily cost of missionary life in an arid landscape","work":"Death Comes for the Archbishop","author":"Willa Cather","url":"/works/death-comes-for-the-archbishop/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"death-of-a-salesman:lesson:1","title":"The wrong dreams","text":"Willy's creed of personality and popularity fails him and his sons. The play questions an idea of success measured only by sales and status.","work":"Death of a Salesman","author":"Arthur Miller","url":"/works/death-of-a-salesman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"death-of-a-salesman:lesson:2","title":"Attention must be paid","text":"Linda insists that an ordinary man's suffering deserves notice. Miller argues that tragedy belongs to the common man as much as to kings.","work":"Death of a Salesman","author":"Arthur Miller","url":"/works/death-of-a-salesman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"death-of-a-salesman:lesson:3","title":"Family secrets and their damage","text":"The Boston affair, hidden for years, explains the rupture between Willy and Biff. The play shows how secrets and lies distort a family's sense of reality.","work":"Death of a Salesman","author":"Arthur Miller","url":"/works/death-of-a-salesman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dementia-praecox-or-the-group-of-schizophrenias:lesson:1","title":"Dementia Praecox or the Group of S teaches historical caution","text":"Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias","author":"Eugen Bleuler","url":"/works/dementia-praecox-or-the-group-of-schizophrenias/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dementia-praecox-or-the-group-of-schizophrenias:lesson:2","title":"Dementia Praecox or the Group of S links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias","author":"Eugen Bleuler","url":"/works/dementia-praecox-or-the-group-of-schizophrenias/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dementia-praecox-or-the-group-of-schizophrenias:lesson:3","title":"Dementia Praecox or the Group of S complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias","author":"Eugen Bleuler","url":"/works/dementia-praecox-or-the-group-of-schizophrenias/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dementia-praecox-or-the-group-of-schizophrenias:lesson:4","title":"Dementia Praecox or the Group of S warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias","author":"Eugen Bleuler","url":"/works/dementia-praecox-or-the-group-of-schizophrenias/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"democracy-in-america:lesson:1","title":"Democracy is a social psychology","text":"Tocqueville treats democracy as habits, desires, fears, associations, and forms of attention. Voting is only one part of democratic life.","work":"Democracy in America","author":"Alexis de Tocqueville","url":"/works/democracy-in-america/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"democracy-in-america:lesson:2","title":"Private comfort can invite soft rule","text":"Tocqueville fears citizens may trade active liberty for security and convenience. Despotism may become gentle, administrative, and welcomed.","work":"Democracy in America","author":"Alexis de Tocqueville","url":"/works/democracy-in-america/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"democracy-in-america:lesson:3","title":"Association is democratic medicine","text":"Associations train citizens out of isolation. They preserve agency by making people practice cooperation and public responsibility.","work":"Democracy in America","author":"Alexis de Tocqueville","url":"/works/democracy-in-america/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"description-of-the-retreat:lesson:1","title":"Description of the Retreat teaches historical caution","text":"Description of the Retreat rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"Description of the Retreat","author":"Samuel Tuke","url":"/works/description-of-the-retreat/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"description-of-the-retreat:lesson:2","title":"Description of the Retreat links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"Description of the Retreat","author":"Samuel Tuke","url":"/works/description-of-the-retreat/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"description-of-the-retreat:lesson:3","title":"Description of the Retreat complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"Description of the Retreat","author":"Samuel Tuke","url":"/works/description-of-the-retreat/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"description-of-the-retreat:lesson:4","title":"Description of the Retreat warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"Description of the Retreat","author":"Samuel Tuke","url":"/works/description-of-the-retreat/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"destruction-and-creation-and-the-ooda-loop:lesson:1","title":"Orientation is the hidden center","text":"Boyd's loop is often reduced to speed, but orientation is the crucial interpretive layer. What actors notice and imagine determines what choices exist.","work":"Destruction and Creation and the OODA Loop Briefings","author":"John Boyd","url":"/works/destruction-and-creation-and-the-ooda-loop/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"destruction-and-creation-and-the-ooda-loop:lesson:2","title":"Adaptation requires destruction","text":"Old models must sometimes be broken before better models can form. Boyd makes learning a cycle of disassembly and creative recombination.","work":"Destruction and Creation and the OODA Loop Briefings","author":"John Boyd","url":"/works/destruction-and-creation-and-the-ooda-loop/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"destruction-and-creation-and-the-ooda-loop:lesson:3","title":"Stress reveals system design","text":"Conflict exposes whether a person or institution can process ambiguity. Under pressure, rigid systems fail faster than adaptive ones.","work":"Destruction and Creation and the OODA Loop Briefings","author":"John Boyd","url":"/works/destruction-and-creation-and-the-ooda-loop/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dewey-experience-and-education:lesson:1","title":"Beyond either-or","text":"Dewey argues that the debate between traditional and progressive education has hardened into opposing slogans, and that each side defines itself against the other. He asks educators to think about what education actually requires rather than choosing a camp.","work":"Experience and Education","author":"John Dewey","url":"/works/dewey-experience-and-education/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dewey-experience-and-education:lesson:2","title":"Not every experience educates","text":"Dewey insists that experience can teach bad habits as well as good ones. An experience is educative only if it opens the way to richer future experience; one that leaves a person careless, callous or bored is mis-educative, however lively it seemed.","work":"Experience and Education","author":"John Dewey","url":"/works/dewey-experience-and-education/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dewey-experience-and-education:lesson:3","title":"Continuity and interaction","text":"Every experience carries forward into later ones, and every experience arises from a person meeting a particular situation. These two principles make the teacher responsible both for knowing the learner and for arranging the conditions of learning.","work":"Experience and Education","author":"John Dewey","url":"/works/dewey-experience-and-education/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dewey-experience-and-education:lesson:4","title":"Freedom as self-control","text":"Dewey distinguishes outward freedom of movement from the inner freedom of intelligence: the power to form purposes, weigh consequences and act on judgment. In his view the aim of education is the growth of this kind of self-control, not the removal of all restraint.","work":"Experience and Education","author":"John Dewey","url":"/works/dewey-experience-and-education/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dialogues-concerning-natural-religion:lesson:1","title":"An analogy is only as strong as the resemblance it rests on","text":"Philo shows that inferring a designer from the world requires a likeness between worlds and machines that we cannot check, and that the same analogy yields stranger designers when pushed. The method applies to any argument from resemblance.","work":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/dialogues-concerning-natural-religion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dialogues-concerning-natural-religion:lesson:2","title":"The fact of suffering weighs against confident claims about providence","text":"Parts 10 and 11 argue that even if evil is compatible with a good God, the world as we find it does not support inferring one. Hume moves the problem of evil from logic to evidence.","work":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/dialogues-concerning-natural-religion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dialogues-concerning-natural-religion:lesson:3","title":"Where a question is open, let several voices argue it","text":"Hume chose dialogue for a subject where reasonable people disagree and the author's own view is dangerous. Irony, alliances and a doubtful narrator keep the reader from receiving a verdict ready-made.","work":"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/dialogues-concerning-natural-religion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"diamond-v-chakrabarty:lesson:1","title":"Nature's handiwork and human invention","text":"The Court drew the decisive line not between living and nonliving things but between what nature produces and what human ingenuity makes. Chakrabarty's bacterium did not exist in nature, so it counted as an invention, while a newly discovered plant or mineral would not.","work":"Diamond v. Chakrabarty","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/diamond-v-chakrabarty/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"diamond-v-chakrabarty:lesson:2","title":"Reading a statute's words","text":"The majority read the words manufacture and composition of matter broadly, as Jefferson's 1793 law intended, and refused to limit them to inventions the legislators could foresee. The dissent read the later plant statutes as showing what Congress actually understood.","work":"Diamond v. Chakrabarty","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/diamond-v-chakrabarty/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"diamond-v-chakrabarty:lesson:3","title":"Who weighs the risks of new science?","text":"The government and its supporters warned that genetic research might carry serious dangers. The Court answered that patent law would not stop research either way and that it had no competence to weigh such hazards; Brennan agreed that Congress should decide but drew the opposite conclusion about what the Court should do meanwhile.","work":"Diamond v. Chakrabarty","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/diamond-v-chakrabarty/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dignitatis-humanae:lesson:1","title":"Dignitatis Humanae: formed attention","text":"Dignitatis Humanae teaches students to slow down before judgment. twelfth-grade readers can compare the declaration with classical political philosophy, modern rights discourse, and American constitutional questions","work":"Dignitatis Humanae","author":"Second Vatican Council","url":"/works/dignitatis-humanae/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dignitatis-humanae:lesson:2","title":"Dignitatis Humanae: order and disorder","text":"Dignitatis Humanae makes order visible by showing what damages it. the document distinguishes coercion from truth, argues from conscience and dignity, and places religious liberty within public order and revelation","work":"Dignitatis Humanae","author":"Second Vatican Council","url":"/works/dignitatis-humanae/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dignitatis-humanae:lesson:3","title":"Dignitatis Humanae: body and soul","text":"Dignitatis Humanae gives the medical lens a human scale. its medical relevance is bioethical and institutional: conscience, coercion, dignity, and religious liberty matter in hospitals and public health policy","work":"Dignitatis Humanae","author":"Second Vatican Council","url":"/works/dignitatis-humanae/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dirks-v-sec:lesson:1","title":"Derivative duty","text":"Powell's central idea is that a tippee's duty is borrowed from the insider. If the insider did nothing wrong in sharing the information, the person who receives it inherits no obligation. The rule ties tippee liability back to the relationship of trust at its source.","work":"Dirks v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dirks-v-sec/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dirks-v-sec:lesson:2","title":"Motive as the test of breach","text":"The Court made the insider's purpose decisive: disclosure for personal gain breaches the duty, while disclosure to expose wrongdoing does not. To avoid reading minds, courts look to objective signs such as payment, reputational benefit or a gift to a trading friend or relative.","work":"Dirks v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dirks-v-sec/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dirks-v-sec:lesson:3","title":"Good ends and doubtful means","text":"Blackmun granted that Secrist's aim of exposing a fraud was laudable but insisted that the means were not, since shareholders who bought from Dirks's clients bore the loss. His dissent raises an old moral question about whether a good purpose can justify harm to people one is bound to protect.","work":"Dirks v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dirks-v-sec/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dirks-v-sec:lesson:4","title":"The analyst's role in markets","text":"The majority emphasized that analysts routinely question corporate officers and that their findings cannot reach every shareholder at once. A rule treating every such contact as a source of liability would discourage the investigation that helps markets price securities accurately, including, here, the uncovering of a fraud regulators had missed.","work":"Dirks v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dirks-v-sec/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"discourse-on-method:lesson:1","title":"Rebuild beliefs from foundations you can trust","text":"Descartes's method is to clear away whatever admits doubt and proceed in careful order from what is evident. It teaches a habit of checking premises before building on them, even if his own foundations proved contestable.","work":"Discourse on Method","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/discourse-on-method/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"discourse-on-method:lesson:2","title":"Act decisively even when certainty is unavailable","text":"The provisional morality separates the search for truth from the need to act. Like the traveller lost in the forest, one should choose the most probable path and keep to it rather than being paralyzed by doubt.","work":"Discourse on Method","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/discourse-on-method/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"discourse-on-method:lesson:3","title":"Medicine as the purpose of the new science","text":"Part VI hopes that knowing nature will cure diseases of body and mind and perhaps slow ageing, because the mind depends closely on the body's organs. Descartes makes medicine the main reason for doing science.","work":"Discourse on Method","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/discourse-on-method/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"discourse-on-method:lesson:4","title":"Language marks the difference between mind and mechanism","text":"Part V's two tests, flexible speech and general-purpose reason, are Descartes's criteria for telling a thinking being from an automaton. They anticipate debates about artificial intelligence and animal minds.","work":"Discourse on Method","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/discourse-on-method/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"discourse-on-voluntary-servitude:lesson:1","title":"Power rests on cooperation","text":"La Boétie's central claim is that a ruler's strength is borrowed from those who obey. The guards, the tax collectors and the informers are all subjects, so the people's own hands do the work of their servitude. The argument relocates the problem of tyranny from the palace to the habits of ordinary people.","work":"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude","author":"Étienne de La Boétie","url":"/works/discourse-on-voluntary-servitude/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"discourse-on-voluntary-servitude:lesson:2","title":"Custom as second nature","text":"La Boétie grants that liberty is natural but argues that custom is stronger, so that people born under the yoke stop feeling its weight. He pities rather than blames such people, and points to education and the memory of freedom as the counterweight. The essay is as much about formation as about politics.","work":"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude","author":"Étienne de La Boétie","url":"/works/discourse-on-voluntary-servitude/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"discourse-on-voluntary-servitude:lesson:3","title":"The economy of favour","text":"The most original section traces tyranny's support through a pyramid of beneficiaries: six, six hundred, six thousand. Those who gain from a regime defend it, even when they also live in fear of it. La Boétie presents interest, not force, as the ruler's firmest prop.","work":"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude","author":"Étienne de La Boétie","url":"/works/discourse-on-voluntary-servitude/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"discourse-on-voluntary-servitude:lesson:4","title":"No friendship with a tyrant","text":"La Boétie defines friendship as a sacred bond that exists only between good men and grows from mutual esteem. A tyrant, placed above everyone and trusting no one, cannot have friends, and his favourites cannot trust him. The theme links the essay to the famous friendship Montaigne later described.","work":"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude","author":"Étienne de La Boétie","url":"/works/discourse-on-voluntary-servitude/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"district-of-columbia-v-heller:lesson:1","title":"Reading a sentence with two clauses","text":"Much of the case turns on grammar. The majority treats the militia clause as a statement of purpose that does not limit the operative right; Justice Stevens treats it as defining the right's scope. Both opinions take the words seriously, and students can test each reading against the text.","work":"District of Columbia v. Heller","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/district-of-columbia-v-heller/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"district-of-columbia-v-heller:lesson:2","title":"History as evidence","text":"Both sides rely on the past: the majority on the English Bill of Rights, state constitutions and nineteenth-century commentary; the dissenters on the ratification debates, the drafting history and early town regulations. The case shows how much constitutional argument depends on choosing and weighing historical sources.","work":"District of Columbia v. Heller","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/district-of-columbia-v-heller/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"district-of-columbia-v-heller:lesson:3","title":"Precedent and its weight","text":"Justice Stevens argued that Miller and the reliance of many judges deserved respect; the majority read Miller narrowly as a case about the type of weapon. The disagreement shows how stare decisis works when Justices differ over what an earlier case actually held.","work":"District of Columbia v. Heller","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/district-of-columbia-v-heller/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"district-of-columbia-v-heller:lesson:4","title":"Rights and their limits","text":"The majority says the right is not unlimited; Justice Breyer says it is not absolute. Both agree that some regulation is lawful, but they differ on how courts should decide which laws go too far, a question later cases continued to address.","work":"District of Columbia v. Heller","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/district-of-columbia-v-heller/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization:lesson:1","title":"Reading the Fourteenth Amendment: specific history or general principle?","text":"The majority asks whether a right was recognized in American law when the Fourteenth Amendment was ratified in 1868, and finds that it was not. The dissent argues that the Amendment's framers wrote in general terms so that later generations could apply its principles to new conditions. The case is a clear example of two serious theories of constitutional interpretation meeting head on.","work":"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization:lesson:2","title":"When should precedent give way?","text":"Both sides agree that stare decisis is important but not absolute. The majority lists five factors and counts Roe among the decisions, like Plessy, that the Court was right to overrule. The dissent calls Casey a precedent about precedent and argues that a change in the Court's membership is no reason to depart from it.","work":"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization:lesson:3","title":"The narrowest ground","text":"Chief Justice Roberts would have decided only the question the Court agreed to hear: whether every prohibition before viability is invalid. His principle that a court should decide no more than necessary is an old one, and the majority answers that a middle course would only prolong uncertainty.","work":"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization:lesson:4","title":"After the Court speaks: who decides?","text":"The majority and Kavanaugh emphasize that the decision returns the question to legislatures and voters, where citizens may persuade one another. The dissent replies that leaving a matter to the States is itself a choice about rights. Students can examine how each opinion understands the relation between constitutional rights and democratic self-government.","work":"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"don-quixote:lesson:1","title":"Reading shapes reality","text":"Don Quixote's madness begins in books, and the novel is constantly about how stories govern perception. Cervantes asks what happens when we live by the narratives we consume.","work":"Don Quixote","author":"Miguel de Cervantes","url":"/works/don-quixote/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"don-quixote:lesson:2","title":"Idealism and realism need each other","text":"Quixote and Sancho influence each other: Sancho grows more imaginative and Quixote more aware. The novel suggests that a full life needs both vision and practicality.","work":"Don Quixote","author":"Miguel de Cervantes","url":"/works/don-quixote/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"don-quixote:lesson:3","title":"Mockery can be cruel","text":"The Duke and Duchess's elaborate jokes at Quixote's expense reveal more about their cruelty than about his folly. Cervantes invites sympathy for the deluded.","work":"Don Quixote","author":"Miguel de Cervantes","url":"/works/don-quixote/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"donne-sermons-and-devotions:lesson:1","title":"Illness thinks through the body","text":"Donne makes symptoms intellectually and spiritually active. Fever, weakness, and fear become occasions for interpretation rather than interruptions of thought.","work":"Sermons and Devotions upon Emergent Occasions","author":"John Donne","url":"/works/donne-sermons-and-devotions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"donne-sermons-and-devotions:lesson:2","title":"No patient is solitary","text":"The Devotions insist that sickness reveals dependence on physicians, neighbors, bells, prayers, and the shared fate of mortality. Patienthood becomes communal.","work":"Sermons and Devotions upon Emergent Occasions","author":"John Donne","url":"/works/donne-sermons-and-devotions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"donne-sermons-and-devotions:lesson:3","title":"Mortality can sharpen language","text":"Donne's prose becomes most intricate when the body is most threatened. His verbal art does not escape death; it wrestles death into attention.","work":"Sermons and Devotions upon Emergent Occasions","author":"John Donne","url":"/works/donne-sermons-and-devotions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dorothy-parker-complete-poems:lesson:1","title":"Wit as armour","text":"Parker's jokes protect against pain while revealing it. The poems show how humour can carry grief that cannot be spoken directly.","work":"Complete Poems","author":"Dorothy Parker","url":"/works/dorothy-parker-complete-poems/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dorothy-parker-complete-poems:lesson:2","title":"Deflating romantic convention","text":"By using traditional forms to mock the clichés of love poetry, Parker exposes the gap between romantic language and women's experience.","work":"Complete Poems","author":"Dorothy Parker","url":"/works/dorothy-parker-complete-poems/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dorothy-parker-complete-poems:lesson:3","title":"Light verse can be serious","text":"Parker's tight forms and surprise endings are technically demanding. Her work challenges the line between 'light' and 'serious' poetry.","work":"Complete Poems","author":"Dorothy Parker","url":"/works/dorothy-parker-complete-poems/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dracula:lesson:1","title":"Modern method against ancient evil","text":"The heroes defeat Dracula by pooling records, typing, phonographs, telegrams and medical science alongside folklore. The novel shows knowledge-sharing as power, while suggesting that science alone cannot explain everything.","work":"Dracula","author":"Bram Stoker","url":"/works/dracula/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dracula:lesson:2","title":"Anxieties about the body and contagion","text":"Vampirism spreads through blood, corrupts the healthy and comes from abroad. The novel channels late-Victorian fears of infection, degeneration and foreign invasion.","work":"Dracula","author":"Bram Stoker","url":"/works/dracula/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dracula:lesson:3","title":"Gender and desire","text":"Lucy's transformation into a sensual predator and Mina's 'new woman' competence reveal anxieties about female sexuality and independence. The men's violent cure of Lucy can be read as an act of control.","work":"Dracula","author":"Bram Stoker","url":"/works/dracula/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dred-scott-v-sandford:lesson:1","title":"Original understanding as a method","text":"Taney insisted that the Constitution must be read as its framers understood it, and he built his citizenship holding on a survey of founding-era laws and opinion. Curtis used the same method and reached the opposite answer by pointing to states where free men of African descent voted. The case shows that a shared method does not settle disputed history.","work":"Dred Scott v. Sandford","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dred-scott-v-sandford/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dred-scott-v-sandford:lesson:2","title":"Two kinds of citizenship","text":"The opinion separates citizenship of a state from citizenship of the United States, and holds that a state cannot make anyone a national citizen. Curtis rejects the separation for those born citizens of a state. The Fourteenth Amendment later defined national citizenship by birth or naturalization and made state citizenship follow from residence.","work":"Dred Scott v. Sandford","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dred-scott-v-sandford/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dred-scott-v-sandford:lesson:3","title":"Can a court settle a national dispute?","text":"President Buchanan and others hoped the Court would end the controversy over slavery in the territories. The decision instead became a central issue in the debates of 1858 and the election of 1860, illustrating the limits of judicial authority over questions that divide a whole people.","work":"Dred Scott v. Sandford","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dred-scott-v-sandford/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"dred-scott-v-sandford:lesson:4","title":"Persistence in the courts","text":"Dred and Harriet Scott pursued their claims from 1846 to 1857 through trial, appeal, a new federal suit and two arguments in Washington. Their case is a reminder that great constitutional decisions begin with particular families and long, costly litigation.","work":"Dred Scott v. Sandford","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/dred-scott-v-sandford/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"duhem-the-aim-and-structure-of-physical-theory:lesson:1","title":"Representation, not explanation","text":"Duhem separates physics from metaphysics. A physical theory summarizes and orders experimental laws in mathematical form; it does not claim to reveal what matter ultimately is. This keeps physics free of the disputes among philosophical schools and keeps metaphysics free of the changing fashions of physics.","work":"The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory","author":"Pierre Duhem","url":"/works/duhem-the-aim-and-structure-of-physical-theory/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"duhem-the-aim-and-structure-of-physical-theory:lesson:2","title":"Hypotheses are tested in groups","text":"Every experiment in physics relies on theories of the instruments and on many auxiliary assumptions. When a prediction fails, logic shows only that some member of the group is false, not which one. This is the thesis later called the Duhem thesis, or, in a broadened form, the Duhem-Quine thesis.","work":"The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory","author":"Pierre Duhem","url":"/works/duhem-the-aim-and-structure-of-physical-theory/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"duhem-the-aim-and-structure-of-physical-theory:lesson:3","title":"No crucial experiment","text":"Foucault's experiment was hailed as deciding between the emission and wave theories of light. Duhem argues that it refuted the whole system of assumptions surrounding the emission theory, not one hypothesis, and that a crucial experiment would require listing every possible hypothesis, which cannot be done.","work":"The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory","author":"Pierre Duhem","url":"/works/duhem-the-aim-and-structure-of-physical-theory/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"duhem-the-aim-and-structure-of-physical-theory:lesson:4","title":"Good sense and tradition","text":"Since logic alone does not tell the physicist which hypothesis to give up, Duhem appeals to good sense, a trained judgment that weighs reasons logic cannot formalize, and to the history of science, which shows how theories grow by continuity rather than sudden invention.","work":"The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory","author":"Pierre Duhem","url":"/works/duhem-the-aim-and-structure-of-physical-theory/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"early-black-church-sermons:lesson:1","title":"The pulpit can become public infrastructure","text":"Black church speech did more than exhort individuals. It supported institutions that carried education, aid, memory, and political courage.","work":"Early Black Church Sermons and Addresses","author":"Various","url":"/works/early-black-church-sermons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"early-black-church-sermons:lesson:2","title":"Scripture can expose national contradiction","text":"The sermons use biblical language to measure American claims against slavery, segregation, and racial violence. Faith becomes a mode of public criticism.","work":"Early Black Church Sermons and Addresses","author":"Various","url":"/works/early-black-church-sermons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"early-black-church-sermons:lesson:3","title":"Communal care answers embodied danger","text":"The anthology shows communities building care under conditions of exclusion. Spiritual consolation, education, mutual aid, and protest respond to bodily vulnerability together.","work":"Early Black Church Sermons and Addresses","author":"Various","url":"/works/early-black-church-sermons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"early-christian-creeds:lesson:1","title":"Small words can carry institutional weight","text":"Creedal disputes often turn on prepositions, verbs and technical terms. The collection teaches that language can become a public instrument for preserving identity and excluding alternatives.","work":"The Early Christian Creeds","author":"Various","url":"/works/early-christian-creeds/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"early-christian-creeds:lesson:2","title":"Doctrine forms through crisis","text":"The creeds do not float above history; they answer arguments, councils and pressures. Controversy forces communities to say explicitly what had often been sung, prayed or assumed.","work":"The Early Christian Creeds","author":"Various","url":"/works/early-christian-creeds/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"early-christian-creeds:lesson:3","title":"Empire changes the scale of theology","text":"Constantine's involvement made Christian dispute visible across the empire and gave councils new force. The result was neither pure politics nor pure spirituality, but an entanglement that shaped Christian institutions for centuries.","work":"The Early Christian Creeds","author":"Various","url":"/works/early-christian-creeds/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"early-christian-creeds:lesson:4","title":"Bodies matter to metaphysics","text":"Incarnation, crucifixion, resurrection and Christ's human nature mean that creed-making is not abstract only. The formulas defend claims about birth, suffering, death and embodied salvation.","work":"The Early Christian Creeds","author":"Various","url":"/works/early-christian-creeds/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"early-christian-lives:lesson:1","title":"Bodies carry spiritual arguments","text":"The lives teach through hunger, vigils, chastity and endurance. Asceticism makes doctrine visible in practice.","work":"Early Christian Lives","author":"Athanasius, Jerome and others","url":"/works/early-christian-lives/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"early-christian-lives:lesson:2","title":"Withdrawal can become service","text":"The desert saints leave society but attract those seeking counsel and healing. Solitude paradoxically creates public authority.","work":"Early Christian Lives","author":"Athanasius, Jerome and others","url":"/works/early-christian-lives/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"early-christian-lives:lesson:3","title":"Temptation is narratable","text":"Demons give shape to fear, desire and intrusive thought within a theological world. The stories turn inner struggle into shared pedagogy.","work":"Early Christian Lives","author":"Athanasius, Jerome and others","url":"/works/early-christian-lives/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"early-christian-writings:lesson:1","title":"Communities are made by practices","text":"The texts teach fasting, baptism, reconciliation and leadership as habits that create a people. Belief appears as disciplined life.","work":"Early Christian Writings: The Apostolic Fathers","author":"Various","url":"/works/early-christian-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"early-christian-writings:lesson:2","title":"Witness can be powerful and dangerous","text":"Martyrdom inspires courage, but the texts also worry about rashness and imitation. The body becomes testimony under pressure.","work":"Early Christian Writings: The Apostolic Fathers","author":"Various","url":"/works/early-christian-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"early-christian-writings:lesson:3","title":"Repentance is social medicine","text":"Hermas and Clement treat sin as communal disorder needing confession, humility and restoration. Moral repair is collective.","work":"Early Christian Writings: The Apostolic Fathers","author":"Various","url":"/works/early-christian-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"early-franciscan-sources:lesson:1","title":"Sweetness should not erase severity","text":"The Francis of bird sermons and garden statues descends from real source traditions, but his own writings insist on obedience, poverty, penance, and bodily discipline. A careful reader keeps the tenderness without sanding away the ascetic edge.","work":"Early Franciscan Sources","author":"Francis of Assisi; Thomas of Celano; Bonaventure; Brother Ugolino; others","url":"/works/early-franciscan-sources/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"early-franciscan-sources:lesson:2","title":"A movement edits its founder","text":"Celano, Bonaventure, and the Fioretti do not simply repeat one Francis. Each source answers a different institutional or devotional need, showing how communities preserve founders by reshaping them.","work":"Early Franciscan Sources","author":"Francis of Assisi; Thomas of Celano; Bonaventure; Brother Ugolino; others","url":"/works/early-franciscan-sources/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"early-franciscan-sources:lesson:3","title":"The saint's body becomes a theological document","text":"Stigmata, eye disease, cautery, weakness, and final nakedness all make Francis's body part of the argument. The sources use illness not merely as background but as a way to display imitation, patience, and authority.","work":"Early Franciscan Sources","author":"Francis of Assisi; Thomas of Celano; Bonaventure; Brother Ugolino; others","url":"/works/early-franciscan-sources/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"early-franciscan-sources:lesson:4","title":"Embodied devotion changes culture","text":"Greccio's nativity scene and the Canticle's kinship language make doctrine visible and sensory. Franciscan devotion moves through staging, song, touch, and creaturely attention, which helps explain its durability.","work":"Early Franciscan Sources","author":"Francis of Assisi; Thomas of Celano; Bonaventure; Brother Ugolino; others","url":"/works/early-franciscan-sources/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"east-of-eden:lesson:1","title":"Thou mayest","text":"Lee's reading of timshel insists that people are not condemned to repeat inherited sin. The novel argues for moral choice against fatalism and heredity.","work":"East of Eden","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/east-of-eden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"east-of-eden:lesson:2","title":"Rejection breeds rivalry","text":"From Cain to Charles to Cal, a father's rejected gift ignites violence. The novel shows how parental favouritism wounds children across generations.","work":"East of Eden","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/east-of-eden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"east-of-eden:lesson:3","title":"Truth can wound","text":"Aron cannot survive the truth about his mother, while Cal must learn to live with it. The novel weighs protective illusion against painful knowledge.","work":"East of Eden","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/east-of-eden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ecce-homo:lesson:1","title":"Ecce Homo teaches historical caution","text":"Ecce Homo rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"Ecce Homo","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/ecce-homo/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ecce-homo:lesson:2","title":"Ecce Homo links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"Ecce Homo","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/ecce-homo/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ecce-homo:lesson:3","title":"Ecce Homo complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"Ecce Homo","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/ecce-homo/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ecce-homo:lesson:4","title":"Ecce Homo warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"Ecce Homo","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/ecce-homo/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"eddington-the-nature-of-the-physical-world:lesson:1","title":"What physics measures","text":"Eddington's two tables and his chapter on pointer readings argue that physics describes the measurable structure of things, not what they are in themselves. This does not make science false; it marks its boundary. The lesson is to distinguish what a method can know from what it cannot.","work":"The Nature of the Physical World","author":"Arthur Eddington","url":"/works/eddington-the-nature-of-the-physical-world/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"eddington-the-nature-of-the-physical-world:lesson:2","title":"The arrow of time","text":"In Chapter IV Eddington finds the direction of time not in the laws of motion, which run equally well backward, but in the growth of entropy. A shuffled pack does not unshuffle itself. He coined the phrase time's arrow for this one-way direction, and the idea remains central to physics and its philosophy.","work":"The Nature of the Physical World","author":"Arthur Eddington","url":"/works/eddington-the-nature-of-the-physical-world/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"eddington-the-nature-of-the-physical-world:lesson:3","title":"Freedom and the new physics","text":"Eddington argues in Chapter XIV that quantum indeterminism removes the claim that physics proves every human act predetermined. He does not say physics proves freedom, only that it no longer forbids it. Philosophers and scientists have disputed whether chance at the atomic level bears on human choice at all.","work":"The Nature of the Physical World","author":"Arthur Eddington","url":"/works/eddington-the-nature-of-the-physical-world/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"eddington-the-nature-of-the-physical-world:lesson:4","title":"Science and the spiritual world","text":"In Science and Mysticism, Eddington, a Quaker, holds that the methods of physics are designed to leave out the inner life, and so cannot pronounce against religious experience. He presents mystical insight as a different approach to reality, not a rival theory of atoms. Readers have found the argument either liberating or too modest.","work":"The Nature of the Physical World","author":"Arthur Eddington","url":"/works/eddington-the-nature-of-the-physical-world/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"effi-briest:lesson:1","title":"Codes outlive their meaning","text":"Innstetten admits he feels no hatred and that the affair is long over, yet he fights the duel because society demands it. Fontane shows how conventions can compel cruelty even in those who doubt them.","work":"Effi Briest","author":"Theodor Fontane","url":"/works/effi-briest/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"effi-briest:lesson:2","title":"Married too young","text":"Effi's marriage is arranged before she understands herself, and her loneliness drives her into an affair she does not want. The novel quietly indicts the system that married girls off for status.","work":"Effi Briest","author":"Theodor Fontane","url":"/works/effi-briest/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"effi-briest:lesson:3","title":"Avoiding the question","text":"Effi's father always retreats with 'too wide a field'. The novel shows how evasion lets a society avoid moral responsibility.","work":"Effi Briest","author":"Theodor Fontane","url":"/works/effi-briest/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"einstein-relativity:lesson:1","title":"A concept must be tied to a test","text":"Einstein refuses to accept that simultaneity means anything until we say how it could be checked. By asking how an observer would actually decide whether two lightning strokes were simultaneous, he finds that the answer depends on the body of reference. Clear thinking often begins by asking what a word means in practice.","work":"Relativity: The Special and General Theory","author":"Albert Einstein","url":"/works/einstein-relativity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"einstein-relativity:lesson:2","title":"Old theories live on inside new ones","text":"Einstein does not say Newton was simply wrong. Classical mechanics remains valid for velocities small compared with light, and Newton's law of gravitation follows from the general theory as an approximation. He calls it the fairest destiny of a theory to point the way to a more comprehensive one in which it survives as a limiting case.","work":"Relativity: The Special and General Theory","author":"Albert Einstein","url":"/works/einstein-relativity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"einstein-relativity:lesson:3","title":"Imagination disciplined by experiment","text":"The book's arguments rest on thought experiments, the train and the chest, but Einstein insists that the theory must be compared with reality. He points to Fizeau's experiment, the Michelson-Morley experiment, Mercury's perihelion and the bending of starlight, and states that if the predicted red shift were not found the general theory would be untenable.","work":"Relativity: The Special and General Theory","author":"Albert Einstein","url":"/works/einstein-relativity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"einstein-relativity:lesson:4","title":"Writing hard ideas plainly","text":"Einstein wrote for readers with a school education and a fair amount of patience. He uses trains, embankments, clocks and rods, repeats himself deliberately, and prefers clearness to elegance. The book shows that even the most difficult ideas can be made accessible without being falsified.","work":"Relativity: The Special and General Theory","author":"Albert Einstein","url":"/works/einstein-relativity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard:lesson:1","title":"Glory and the common grave","text":"The ninth stanza sets all the goods the world prizes, birth, power, beauty and wealth, before the same inevitable hour. Gray does not despise them; he denies them the right to scorn the poor, since the grave makes every life equal. The lesson is humility before death and respect for the obscure.","work":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","author":"Thomas Gray","url":"/works/elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard:lesson:2","title":"The gem unseen and the mute Milton","text":"The Elegy asks how much human greatness has gone unrealized for want of learning and opportunity. Its images of the hidden gem and the unseen flower make waste a source of pathos, but Gray adds that obscurity also spared the villagers from wading through slaughter to a throne. Talent and temptation grow together.","work":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","author":"Thomas Gray","url":"/works/elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard:lesson:3","title":"A quiet life well kept","text":"Far from the madding crowd, the villagers kept the noiseless tenor of their way. Gray praises sober wishes, steady work and family affection as a form of goodness that needs no audience. The poem gives dignity to ordinary faithfulness.","work":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","author":"Thomas Gray","url":"/works/elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard:lesson:4","title":"Hope at the end","text":"The Epitaph does not rest the youth's worth on fame. It names his bounty and sincerity, gives his frailties to God, and places both merits and faults in trembling hope in the bosom of his Father. The poem ends not in melancholy but in Christian hope held with reverent fear.","work":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard","author":"Thomas Gray","url":"/works/elegy-written-in-a-country-churchyard/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"eliot-the-waste-land:lesson:1","title":"A world after the war","text":"Published four years after the Armistice, the poem shows a London where commuters move like Dante's dead, a soldier comes home to a worn-out wife, and towers fall from Jerusalem to London. It records a civilisation that has lost its sense of meaning, without editorialising about it.","work":"The Waste Land","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/eliot-the-waste-land/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"eliot-the-waste-land:lesson:2","title":"Thirst and water","text":"Water in the poem is ambiguous: the drowned Phlebas and Madame Sosostris's warning make it deadly, while Part V's rocky land longs for rain. Like the barren kingdom of the Grail legend, the land waits for a healing that only comes as distant thunder and the promise of rain.","work":"The Waste Land","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/eliot-the-waste-land/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"eliot-the-waste-land:lesson:3","title":"Give, sympathize, control","text":"The thunder's three words, from the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, suggest a way out of the waste: self-giving, sympathy that breaks the prison of the self, and disciplined control. The poem asks the reader to weigh them rather than announcing that they have been achieved.","work":"The Waste Land","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/eliot-the-waste-land/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"eliot-the-waste-land:lesson:4","title":"Reading through fragments","text":"Eliot builds the poem from quotations in English, Latin, Greek, Italian, French, German and Sanskrit, and he calls them fragments shored against ruins. The method teaches that the past survives as broken pieces that must be gathered with effort and attention.","work":"The Waste Land","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/eliot-the-waste-land/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury:lesson:1","title":"Leadership by presence","text":"Elizabeth's first argument is her own body standing among armed men. By rejecting the advice to keep a safe distance, she makes her trust in her subjects visible and invites them to return it. The speech persuades as much by her coming as by her words.","work":"Speech to the Troops at Tilbury","author":"Elizabeth I","url":"/works/elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury:lesson:2","title":"Turning weakness into strength","text":"Rather than deny the doubts her soldiers might have about a woman leading them in war, Elizabeth states them herself and then outbids them: a weak and feeble body, but the heart and stomach of a king. Naming the objection first disarms it and lets the claim of royal courage land with full force.","work":"Speech to the Troops at Tilbury","author":"Elizabeth I","url":"/works/elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury:lesson:3","title":"Mutual obligation between ruler and people","text":"The speech binds sovereign and subjects in exchanges: their loyalty for her trust, their valour for her rewards, their obedience to her general for a shared victory. The repeated triad of God, kingdom, and people places both queen and army under the same higher loyalties.","work":"Speech to the Troops at Tilbury","author":"Elizabeth I","url":"/works/elizabeth-speech-at-tilbury/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"emerson-essays:lesson:1","title":"Trusting the voice within","text":"Self-Reliance asks readers to stop borrowing their opinions and to act on what they actually perceive. Emerson's target is cowardice and imitation: the man who says what the crowd says and hides what he thinks. Read carefully, his self is not mere preference; he grounds it in the divine life he believes speaks in every soul.","work":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","author":"Ralph Waldo Emerson","url":"/works/emerson-essays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"emerson-essays:lesson:2","title":"Consistency and growth","text":"Emerson's line on foolish consistency attacks the fear of contradicting one's own past words, not the duty to keep promises or to reason clearly. He names Pythagoras, Socrates, Jesus, Luther, Copernicus, Galileo and Newton as men misunderstood in their time. Circles carries the thought further: every settled view may be enclosed by a larger one.","work":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","author":"Ralph Waldo Emerson","url":"/works/emerson-essays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"emerson-essays:lesson:3","title":"No escape from the self","text":"Emerson writes that travelling is a fool's paradise: he packs his trunk for Naples and finds there the same sad self he fled. Restlessness, he argues, is a symptom of a mind that has not settled its own work. The lesson is practical: changing place does not change character.","work":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","author":"Ralph Waldo Emerson","url":"/works/emerson-essays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"emerson-essays:lesson:4","title":"Friendship as truth and tenderness","text":"In Friendship Emerson describes a friend as one with whom we can think aloud and stop performing. He sets a high bar: friendship needs equals who can bear the truth from one another. The essay honours a classical ideal of friendship rooted in virtue rather than usefulness.","work":"Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)","author":"Ralph Waldo Emerson","url":"/works/emerson-essays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"emma:lesson:1","title":"The imagination that arranges others","text":"Emma's errors come from a lively mind with too little to do: she reads Mr. Elton's charade, Jane's piano and Harriet's blushes according to stories she has already written. Austen shows that intelligence without humility misreads people, and that the cure is attention to what others actually say and do.","work":"Emma","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/emma/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"emma:lesson:2","title":"Faithful are the wounds of a friend","text":"After Box Hill Mr. Knightley tells Emma that her joke at Miss Bates was unkind because Miss Bates is poor, aging and dependent on her neighbours' regard. Emma accepts the rebuke, weeps, and visits the Bateses the next day. The novel treats honest correction as a form of love and repentance as something done, not only felt.","work":"Emma","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/emma/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"emma:lesson:3","title":"Rank and worth in a small society","text":"Highbury is finely graded, from Hartfield and Donwell down to the Bateses' rooms and the Martins' farm. Emma at first despises Robert Martin as beneath Harriet, while Mr. Knightley values his good sense. Austen does not overturn the order of her village, but she judges each person by conduct within it, so that the farmer proves more worthy than the vicar.","work":"Emma","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/emma/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"emma:lesson:4","title":"Self-knowledge arrives all at once","text":"When Harriet names Mr. Knightley, Emma suddenly understands her own heart and her past conduct together. Austen presents self-knowledge as a moment of painful clarity that has been prepared by many small corrections. Emma's long night of reflection in Volume III, Chapter XI, is a model of examining one's conscience.","work":"Emma","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/emma/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"engel-v-vitale:lesson:1","title":"Who writes the prayer?","text":"Black's opinion turns on the fact that state officials composed the words. He drew on English history, where Parliament fixed the form of public worship, to argue that the authors of the First Amendment meant to keep government out of that business entirely.","work":"Engel v. Vitale","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/engel-v-vitale/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"engel-v-vitale:lesson:2","title":"Establishment and free exercise","text":"The First Amendment contains two religion clauses. Black held that an establishment can occur without anyone being forced, while Stewart emphasized that no child's free exercise was burdened and asked how willing prayer could establish anything.","work":"Engel v. Vitale","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/engel-v-vitale/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"engel-v-vitale:lesson:3","title":"History as argument","text":"Both Justices appeal to history. Black looks to the Book of Common Prayer, the Act of Uniformity and Virginia's disestablishment; Stewart looks to the Court's crier, legislative chaplains, the anthem and the Pledge. Students can weigh which history better illuminates the question.","work":"Engel v. Vitale","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/engel-v-vitale/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"engel-v-vitale:lesson:4","title":"Protecting religion from government","text":"Black insisted the decision protected religion rather than opposing it, arguing that state sponsorship degrades faith. Stewart answered that removing the prayer denied children a share in their spiritual heritage. Both Justices claimed to honour religious liberty.","work":"Engel v. Vitale","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/engel-v-vitale/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"enneads:lesson:1","title":"Enneads: formed attention","text":"Enneads teaches students to slow down before judgment. tenth-grade students can see how late antique philosophy turns inward without becoming merely subjective, treating the soul as a place of discipline and ascent","work":"Enneads","author":"Plotinus","url":"/works/enneads/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"enneads:lesson:2","title":"Enneads: order and disorder","text":"Enneads makes order visible by showing what damages it. the treatises move between metaphysics, psychology, beauty, evil, embodiment, contemplation, and mystical ascent rather than forming a single linear argument","work":"Enneads","author":"Plotinus","url":"/works/enneads/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"enneads:lesson:3","title":"Enneads: body and soul","text":"Enneads gives the medical lens a human scale. its medical relevance is indirect but real: passions, embodiment, purification, attention, and the divided self make philosophy a therapy of perception","work":"Enneads","author":"Plotinus","url":"/works/enneads/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"epic-of-gilgamesh:lesson:1","title":"Friendship that changes a king","text":"Gilgamesh begins as a tyrant whose energy has no rival; Enkidu is created as his match, and their friendship turns his strength outward to shared quests. When Enkidu dies, the king's grief becomes the engine of the second half. The epic is among the oldest literary portraits of a friendship that changes both friends.","work":"The Epic of Gilgamesh","author":"Anonymous (Babylonian; standard version attributed to Sin-leqi-unninni)","url":"/works/epic-of-gilgamesh/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"epic-of-gilgamesh:lesson:2","title":"The search for a way past death","text":"After Enkidu's death Gilgamesh abandons his city to find Utnapishtim and learn the secret of eternal life. Every stage of the journey refuses him: Siduri urges him to accept mortal joys, Utnapishtim shows that the gods granted life to him alone, the test of sleep proves Gilgamesh cannot master even rest, and the snake takes the plant of youth. The poem treats the longing to escape death with sympathy while showing its limits.","work":"The Epic of Gilgamesh","author":"Anonymous (Babylonian; standard version attributed to Sin-leqi-unninni)","url":"/works/epic-of-gilgamesh/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"epic-of-gilgamesh:lesson:3","title":"Walls that outlast the king","text":"The epic opens and closes with the walls of Uruk, inviting the reader to climb them and examine their brickwork. Gilgamesh's lasting achievement is not personal immortality but the city he built and the story inscribed in the tablet-box. The frame suggests that a mortal's work and memory are what endure.","work":"The Epic of Gilgamesh","author":"Anonymous (Babylonian; standard version attributed to Sin-leqi-unninni)","url":"/works/epic-of-gilgamesh/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"epic-of-gilgamesh:lesson:4","title":"Mercy and its refusal: Humbaba","text":"When Humbaba is overcome he pleads for his life and offers service; Gilgamesh hesitates, and Enkidu urges the killing. The gods later choose Enkidu to die partly for this deed and for the Bull of Heaven. The episode raises the question of whether glory won by violence carries a price.","work":"The Epic of Gilgamesh","author":"Anonymous (Babylonian; standard version attributed to Sin-leqi-unninni)","url":"/works/epic-of-gilgamesh/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion:lesson:1","title":"The great division","text":"Epictetus sorts everything into what is in our power, our judgments, impulses, desires and aversions, and what is not, such as body, property, reputation and office. Trouble comes from treating the second kind as if it were the first. The division is meant to be practiced on every harsh appearance, not merely believed.","work":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","author":"Epictetus","url":"/works/epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion:lesson:2","title":"Opinion and disturbance","text":"Encheiridion V teaches that we are disturbed by our opinions about events, not by the events; death would have seemed terrible to Socrates if it were so. Epictetus traces three stages of moral education, from blaming others, to blaming oneself, to blaming no one.","work":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","author":"Epictetus","url":"/works/epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion:lesson:3","title":"Playing the part well","text":"In Encheiridion XVII the student is an actor whose part, short or long, poor or powerful, is chosen by the author of the play. Duty lies in acting the part well, not in choosing it. The Discourses apply the same idea to the names of son, brother and citizen.","work":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","author":"Epictetus","url":"/works/epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion:lesson:4","title":"Freedom under a tyrant","text":"In the discourses on tyrants and on freedom from fear, the tyrant's guards and swords frighten only those who value what the tyrant can take. A man who has learned what is truly his own can approach the tyrant without fear, as Agrippinus went to dinner after his sentence.","work":"Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion","author":"Epictetus","url":"/works/epictetus-discourses-and-encheiridion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"erasmus-on-free-will:lesson:1","title":"Reading Scripture by collation","text":"Erasmus's method is to lay passages side by side, testimony for and against, and to ask how they can be read together. The book is a model of the humanist habit of going back to the sources and weighing texts before drawing conclusions.","work":"On Free Will (De Libero Arbitrio)","author":"Desiderius Erasmus","url":"/works/erasmus-on-free-will/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"erasmus-on-free-will:lesson:2","title":"Moderation as a theological temper","text":"Erasmus prefers a middle way between Pelagius and Luther and distrusts certainty on questions he thinks Scripture leaves partly hidden. His defenders see in this humility and peace-making; Luther and others saw an unwillingness to confess what Scripture plainly teaches.","work":"On Free Will (De Libero Arbitrio)","author":"Desiderius Erasmus","url":"/works/erasmus-on-free-will/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"erasmus-on-free-will:lesson:3","title":"Grace and human responsibility","text":"Erasmus wants to give nearly everything in salvation to grace while keeping a real, if small, place for the will's consent. He argues that this keeps God just, keeps exhortation meaningful and gives believers a reason to strive.","work":"On Free Will (De Libero Arbitrio)","author":"Desiderius Erasmus","url":"/works/erasmus-on-free-will/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"erasmus-on-free-will:lesson:4","title":"Controversy among friends of reform","text":"Erasmus and Luther had both criticized abuses in the Church and both appealed to Scripture, yet they parted on this question. The exchange shows how a shared desire for renewal could lead to different answers about human nature and grace.","work":"On Free Will (De Libero Arbitrio)","author":"Desiderius Erasmus","url":"/works/erasmus-on-free-will/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder:lesson:1","title":"Intent as an element of securities fraud","text":"The Court held that a private plaintiff suing under Section 10(b) must prove scienter, an intent to deceive, manipulate or defraud. Careless auditing, however costly to investors, is not by itself the kind of deceptive device the statute forbids.","work":"Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder:lesson:2","title":"Reading a statute through its words, history and structure","text":"Powell's opinion uses three tools in turn: the ordinary and technical meaning of the statute's words, the drafting history of the 1934 Act, and a comparison with sections where Congress expressly allowed negligence claims. The opinion is a model of building an interpretive argument from several independent supports.","work":"Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder:lesson:3","title":"The auditor's public duty","text":"Blackmun's dissent stresses that an accountant certifying a broker's financial statements serves the investing public, not only the client. The majority did not deny the importance of audits; it held that the remedy for negligent auditing lies elsewhere than in Section 10(b).","work":"Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder:lesson:4","title":"Who should change the law?","text":"Blackmun closed by saying that it rested with Congress to rephrase the statute if investors like the respondents were to recover. The majority, for its part, refused to extend the statute beyond its words. Both opinions thus point to Congress, from opposite directions.","work":"Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ernst-and-ernst-v-hochfelder/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"essays-and-aphorisms:lesson:1","title":"Pity, not reason, is the root of morality","text":"Schopenhauer argues that the only genuine moral motive is compassion, the felt recognition of another's suffering as one's own. Justice and charity grow from it, and its opposites are Schadenfreude and envy.","work":"Essays and Aphorisms","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/essays-and-aphorisms/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"essays-and-aphorisms:lesson:2","title":"Character may be learned but not changed","text":"In Free-will and Fatalism and Character, a person's deeds follow necessarily from an innate, unalterable character, which they discover only by watching what they do. The view is bleak but raises sharp questions about self-knowledge, responsibility and treatment.","work":"Essays and Aphorisms","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/essays-and-aphorisms/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"essays-and-aphorisms:lesson:3","title":"Happiness is a pause in suffering","text":"Schopenhauer's pessimism treats pain as positive and pleasure as negative, the cessation of want. Whatever one thinks of the metaphysics, the observation that satisfaction quickly fades into boredom has had a long life in psychology.","work":"Essays and Aphorisms","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/essays-and-aphorisms/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"essays-and-aphorisms:lesson:4","title":"A brilliant writer's prejudices are part of the evidence","text":"The essays combine acute psychology with contempt for women, crowds and the noise of other people. Reading them well means separating observation from temperament and noticing how one colours the other.","work":"Essays and Aphorisms","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/essays-and-aphorisms/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"essays-bacon:lesson:1","title":"Observe your own body before trusting general rules","text":"Of Regiment of Health makes a person's own observation of what helps and harms them the best physic, while warning that strength in youth hides debts paid in age. Bacon recommends gradual change of habits and a physician who knows the patient as well as the disease.","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"essays-bacon:lesson:2","title":"A friend is a remedy no apothecary sells","text":"Of Friendship describes the unburdening of the heart to a friend as a cure for the 'stoppings and suffocations' of the mind, and adds that friendship clarifies judgment and gives faithful counsel. Isolation, Bacon says, makes men cannibals of their own hearts.","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"essays-bacon:lesson:3","title":"Read for use, and choose studies to correct the mind","text":"Of Studies separates reading for delight, ornament and ability, and treats different disciplines as exercises for different weaknesses of mind. Mathematics fixes a wandering wit; law trains a mind that cannot connect cases.","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"essays-bacon:lesson:4","title":"Worldly wisdom has a moral cost to be counted","text":"Many essays teach how to handle power, envy and dissimulation, sometimes with cool approval of concealment. Read alongside Bacon's own fall for corruption, they show both the usefulness and the limits of prudence without principle.","work":"Essays","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/essays-bacon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"essays-montaigne:lesson:1","title":"An ordinary life contains the whole human condition","text":"Montaigne defends writing about one undistinguished man on the ground that each person bears the full form of humanity. The book shows that close attention to a single temperament can yield general wisdom without heroic subject matter.","work":"Essays","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/essays-montaigne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"essays-montaigne:lesson:2","title":"Doubt as a discipline against cruelty","text":"The 'Apology' and 'Of Cannibals' connect scepticism with tolerance: if no one can be certain, no one has warrant to burn, torture or conquer in the name of truth. Montaigne's uncertainty is moral as well as intellectual, written during massacres over doctrine.","work":"Essays","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/essays-montaigne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"essays-montaigne:lesson:3","title":"Rehearsing death versus trusting nature","text":"Early Montaigne echoes Seneca in urging constant meditation on death; late Montaigne, having seen peasants die calmly during plague, suggests nature teaches dying well enough. Tracing that change shows a mind revising itself in print.","work":"Essays","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/essays-montaigne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"essays-montaigne:lesson:4","title":"The patient as expert on his own case","text":"Living with kidney stones, Montaigne records symptoms, regimens and the effects of fear with the attention of a clinician, while refusing the authority of physicians who contradict one another. He models a patient who knows his body intimately and still treats his own judgement with doubt.","work":"Essays","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/essays-montaigne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ethics:lesson:1","title":"Understanding a passion begins to free us from it","text":"Spinoza claims that an emotion that is a passion ceases to be one once we form a clear and distinct idea of it. Freedom is not escape from causation but active knowledge of the causes acting on us, an idea close to the core of insight-based therapies.","work":"Ethics","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/ethics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ethics:lesson:2","title":"Emotions follow natural law like geometry","text":"Instead of condemning anger or envy as vices to be mocked, Spinoza treats them as natural effects with definite causes. The Ethics models a non-moralising stance toward the passions that later influenced naturalistic psychology.","work":"Ethics","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/ethics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ethics:lesson:3","title":"Sadness diminishes the power to act","text":"Pain is defined as a passage to lesser perfection, and melancholy as a pain affecting the whole body that is always bad. Spinoza rejects the religious valuation of humility and repentance as virtues, arguing that what weakens us cannot make us better.","work":"Ethics","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/ethics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ethics:lesson:4","title":"Other people as the greatest good","text":"Part IV argues that nothing is more useful to a human being than another human being living by reason. Spinoza's rationalism is social rather than solitary, and he treats hatred as something best repaid with love.","work":"Ethics","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/ethics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"euclid-elements-book-i:lesson:1","title":"Begin from what is granted","text":"Book I asks the reader to accept only a few definitions, postulates and axioms and then proves everything else. Each proposition cites the earlier ones it uses, so the whole book becomes a single chain. The method teaches that a proof is only as strong as its starting points and that every step must be accounted for.","work":"Elements, Book I","author":"Euclid","url":"/works/euclid-elements-book-i/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"euclid-elements-book-i:lesson:2","title":"Theory, not only practice","text":"Casey points out that Proposition 2, which copies a length to a new point, would be unnecessary if Euclid allowed the compass to carry distances. Euclid restricts himself to the ideal operations of drawing lines and circles because he is teaching theoretical geometry: the constructions must be justified, not merely performed.","work":"Elements, Book I","author":"Euclid","url":"/works/euclid-elements-book-i/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"euclid-elements-book-i:lesson:3","title":"The parallel assumption","text":"The assumption that certain lines must meet (Casey's Axiom xii, Euclid's fifth postulate) is used for the first time in Proposition 29. Everything before it holds without it. Later mathematicians spent centuries trying to prove it from the other assumptions, and in the nineteenth century Lobachevsky, Bolyai and Riemann showed that consistent geometries can be built on different assumptions about parallels.","work":"Elements, Book I","author":"Euclid","url":"/works/euclid-elements-book-i/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"euclid-elements-book-i:lesson:4","title":"Proof by contradiction","text":"Many propositions, such as 6, 14 and 29, are proved indirectly: Euclid supposes the opposite of what he wants and shows that it leads to something absurd, such as a part equal to the whole. Casey's questions ask students to name this method and to see when Euclid uses it.","work":"Elements, Book I","author":"Euclid","url":"/works/euclid-elements-book-i/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays:lesson:1","title":"A sacrifice freely offered","text":"Iphigenia first begs her father for life, then accepts death so that Hellas may sail, calling it her monument; Macaria and Menoeceus also give themselves for their people. Euripides presents willing self-offering as noble while leaving the audience to weigh the men and gods who demand it.","work":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays:lesson:2","title":"Friendship in ruin","text":"After killing his family in madness, Heracles wants to die; Theseus uncovers his face, takes his blood-stained hand, and argues him into living. Pylades stands by Orestes in the same way. The plays show friendship as what holds a person to life after disaster.","work":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays:lesson:3","title":"Law, burial and the city","text":"In The Suppliants Theseus argues that written laws give rich and poor equal justice, and he goes to war to secure burial for the dead. The play gives a classic Athenian defense of law and of the duty owed to the dead.","work":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays:lesson:4","title":"Appearance and truth","text":"Helen reveals that the Greeks fought ten years for a phantom; Ion turns on mistaken identities; Agamemnon's false wedding hides a sacrifice. Euripides repeatedly sets what is believed against what is true.","work":"Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-iphigenia-in-aulis-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays:lesson:1","title":"The defeated see what victors miss","text":"The Trojan Women tells the war's end entirely from the side of the captive women, and the gods' prologue warns that the conquerors are about to be wrecked in turn. Poseidon's closing words call the sackers of temples and tombs blind, since they too must die. Euripides makes the cost of victory visible in one small body laid on a shield.","work":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays:lesson:2","title":"Hope and the will to live after loss","text":"When Andromache says the dead Polyxena is better off than the living, Hecuba answers that death is an empty cup while life still holds hope. The plays return again and again to whether grief should end in surrender or endurance. Hecuba's own refusals and collapses give the question a human face.","work":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays:lesson:3","title":"Friendship stronger than fear","text":"In Iphigenia in Tauris Orestes and Pylades each insist on dying so that the other may live. Pylades has shared Orestes's exile and tended him in his madness. The play honors a loyalty that is chosen, not owed by blood.","work":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays:lesson:4","title":"Persuasion, power and justice","text":"Hecuba must persuade Odysseus, then Agamemnon, then a court, and she fails and succeeds by turns. Helen and Hecuba debate guilt in The Trojan Women like advocates in an Athenian lawcourt. Euripides shows speech as the only weapon left to the powerless and asks whether it can bring justice.","work":"The Trojan Women and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/euripides-trojan-women-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"evangelium-vitae:lesson:1","title":"Evangelium Vitae: formed attention","text":"Evangelium Vitae teaches students to slow down before judgment. twelfth-grade readers can connect theology, law, medicine, disability, family, and political culture in one sustained moral argument","work":"Evangelium Vitae","author":"John Paul II","url":"/works/evangelium-vitae/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"evangelium-vitae:lesson:2","title":"Evangelium Vitae: order and disorder","text":"Evangelium Vitae makes order visible by showing what damages it. John Paul II moves from biblical meditation to moral analysis, bioethical judgment, social responsibility, and a call to build a culture of life","work":"Evangelium Vitae","author":"John Paul II","url":"/works/evangelium-vitae/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"evangelium-vitae:lesson:3","title":"Evangelium Vitae: body and soul","text":"Evangelium Vitae gives the medical lens a human scale. this is one of the batch's most explicit medical-ethics texts, addressing abortion, euthanasia, suffering, conscience, and care for the vulnerable","work":"Evangelium Vitae","author":"John Paul II","url":"/works/evangelium-vitae/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"everson-v-board-of-education:lesson:1","title":"Applying the First Amendment to the states","text":"The First Amendment by its terms restrains Congress. Everson held that its ban on laws respecting an establishment of religion also binds the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. Some scholars have questioned whether a clause partly designed to protect existing state arrangements can sensibly be applied against the states; the Court has not revisited the holding.","work":"Everson v. Board of Education","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/everson-v-board-of-education/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"everson-v-board-of-education:lesson:2","title":"Separation and neutrality","text":"Black's opinion contains two principles: no tax may support any religious institution, and the state must not exclude believers from general public benefits. The majority and the dissenters agreed on the first principle in strong terms but disagreed about how it applied to bus fares. Later cases have often turned on which of the two principles should govern.","work":"Everson v. Board of Education","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/everson-v-board-of-education/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"everson-v-board-of-education:lesson:3","title":"History as constitutional argument","text":"Both Black and Rutledge relied on the Virginia struggle of 1785-86 and on Madison and Jefferson to interpret the clause. Historians have since debated whether the founding generation meant a strict separation, a ban on a national church, or a prohibition on preferring one sect. The case invites students to read the sources themselves.","work":"Everson v. Board of Education","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/everson-v-board-of-education/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"everson-v-board-of-education:lesson:4","title":"When reasons and results diverge","text":"Jackson accused the majority of writing an opinion whose principles pointed one way and whose judgment pointed another. Defenders of Black's opinion answer that a strong principle can still have limits in application. Students can test whether an opinion's reasoning must lead necessarily to its conclusion.","work":"Everson v. Board of Education","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/everson-v-board-of-education/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ex-parte-milligan:lesson:1","title":"A Constitution for war and peace","text":"Davis's central claim is that the Constitution does not lapse in emergencies; its guarantees bind rulers and protect citizens at all times. The opinion treats the temptation to suspend rights in a crisis as the very danger the framers foresaw.","work":"Ex parte Milligan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ex-parte-milligan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ex-parte-milligan:lesson:2","title":"Open courts as the test","text":"The majority draws a bright line: where the civil courts are open and able to act, civilians must be tried by them. The old English maxim that when the king's courts are open it is a time of peace gave Davis a test that judges could apply without second-guessing generals on strategy.","work":"Ex parte Milligan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ex-parte-milligan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ex-parte-milligan:lesson:3","title":"Who decides what war requires?","text":"The justices agreed on the result but divided on whether Congress could have authorized military trials. Chase's concurrence defends the power of the elected branches to judge public danger, while the majority places the limit in the Constitution itself.","work":"Ex parte Milligan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ex-parte-milligan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ex-parte-milligan:lesson:4","title":"Timing and judgment","text":"Davis admits that during the war the temper of the times did not allow calm deliberation. The Court ruled after the fighting ended, which allowed a careful judgment but also meant the decision came too late to affect wartime practice.","work":"Ex parte Milligan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/ex-parte-milligan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"excellent-women:lesson:1","title":"Invisible labour","text":"Mildred's competence makes her indispensable and overlooked. Pym exposes how communities rely on women's unpaid emotional and practical work.","work":"Excellent Women","author":"Barbara Pym","url":"/works/excellent-women/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"excellent-women:lesson:2","title":"Comedy of small things","text":"Pym finds drama in tea, jumble sales and the sharing of a bathroom. The novel shows how small social details reveal character and power.","work":"Excellent Women","author":"Barbara Pym","url":"/works/excellent-women/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"excellent-women:lesson:3","title":"Choosing one's own life","text":"The ending suggests that Mildred may be able to shape a fuller life, but on terms still set by others. The book asks how much choice single women had in postwar England.","work":"Excellent Women","author":"Barbara Pym","url":"/works/excellent-women/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fahrenheit-451:lesson:1","title":"Censorship begins with indifference","text":"In Beatty's account, the government did not have to force book-burning on a resisting people; readers drifted toward faster, shorter, more soothing entertainment, and books that offended any group were abandoned before they were banned. The novel argues that a society can lose its books by not caring before anyone burns them, and that the firemen only finish what apathy began.","work":"Fahrenheit 451","author":"Ray Bradbury","url":"/works/fahrenheit-451/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fahrenheit-451:lesson:2","title":"Distraction and despair","text":"Mildred has every comfort, a wall of television family, music in her ears, and a car to drive fast, yet she swallows a bottle of sleeping pills and does not remember doing it. Bradbury links constant distraction to a hidden unhappiness that the society refuses to name.","work":"Fahrenheit 451","author":"Ray Bradbury","url":"/works/fahrenheit-451/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fahrenheit-451:lesson:3","title":"Courage and cowardice in a scholar","text":"Faber knew where society was heading and said nothing, and he calls himself a coward. Montag, who knows far less, acts. The novel suggests that knowledge without the will to act on it is not enough, but also that the reckless man needs the wise one to guide him.","work":"Fahrenheit 451","author":"Ray Bradbury","url":"/works/fahrenheit-451/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fahrenheit-451:lesson:4","title":"Memory as a library","text":"Granger's exiles keep books alive by memorizing them, so that each person becomes a book waiting to be written down again. The ending argues that what matters is not paper but the words and the people who carry them, and that culture survives disasters through memory and patience.","work":"Fahrenheit 451","author":"Ray Bradbury","url":"/works/fahrenheit-451/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry:lesson:1","title":"Kindness rewarded, greed undone","text":"Many tales turn on courtesy toward the unseen: Lusmore pleases the fairies with a gracious addition to their song and is healed, while Jack Madden, who rushes in for his own gain, leaves with two humps. The same pattern appears in the soul-saving Jack Dogherty and the self-giving Countess Kathleen.","work":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","author":"W. B. Yeats (editor)","url":"/works/fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry:lesson:2","title":"A people's memory in story","text":"Yeats insists that these stories preserve how Irish country people understood the world: death and the banshee, the sea and the merrow, healing and the fairy doctor. He treats the tellers and their beliefs with respect, and the anthology became part of a larger effort to recover Ireland's own literature.","work":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","author":"W. B. Yeats (editor)","url":"/works/fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry:lesson:3","title":"Christian faith and older lore side by side","text":"Priests and saints share the book with fairies and pookas. The peasants' answer that fairies are fallen angels, neither saved nor lost, shows how Christian teaching and older beliefs were woven together in Irish country life.","work":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","author":"W. B. Yeats (editor)","url":"/works/fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry:lesson:4","title":"Wit as a weapon","text":"In A Legend of Knockmany, Munachar and Manachar and the comic tales, cleverness and good humor beat strength. Oonagh's griddle-cakes and Daniel O'Rourke's tall tale show the Irish delight in a good story well told.","work":"Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry","author":"W. B. Yeats (editor)","url":"/works/fairy-and-folk-tales-of-the-irish-peasantry/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fall-of-constantinople-1453-eyewitness-accounts:lesson:1","title":"One siege, many witnesses","text":"No single account of 1453 tells the whole story. The Venetian diarist praises Venetians and blames the Genoese; Leonard of Chios blames the Greeks who resisted church union; Sphrantzes mourns his master; Doukas weighs Greek, Latin and Turkish causes; Kritovoulos and Tursun Beg celebrate the conqueror's genius. Historians build their picture by comparing these voices, noting where they agree, as on the overland ships and Giustiniani's wound, and where they differ.","work":"The Fall of Constantinople, 1453: Eyewitness Accounts","author":"Nicolo Barbaro, George Sphrantzes, Doukas, and others","url":"/works/fall-of-constantinople-1453-eyewitness-accounts/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fall-of-constantinople-1453-eyewitness-accounts:lesson:2","title":"Holding a post to the end","text":"Constantine XI was offered terms and the chance to leave, but the sources agree he stayed with his city and died in the final assault. His conduct, told by Greek and Latin witnesses alike, made him a lasting figure of loyalty. Ottoman writers in turn praised the courage and planning of Mehmed, a ruler of twenty-one who carried out what earlier sultans had attempted.","work":"The Fall of Constantinople, 1453: Eyewitness Accounts","author":"Nicolo Barbaro, George Sphrantzes, Doukas, and others","url":"/works/fall-of-constantinople-1453-eyewitness-accounts/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fall-of-constantinople-1453-eyewitness-accounts:lesson:3","title":"Division within the walls","text":"The defenders were few, and they were divided over the union of the churches and by rivalry between Venetians and Genoese. Doukas records bitter words in the city over the union; Barbaro accuses the Genoese of Galata of double dealing. The sources let us see how a besieged people argued about faith, loyalty and trust even as the walls were falling.","work":"The Fall of Constantinople, 1453: Eyewitness Accounts","author":"Nicolo Barbaro, George Sphrantzes, Doukas, and others","url":"/works/fall-of-constantinople-1453-eyewitness-accounts/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fall-of-constantinople-1453-eyewitness-accounts:lesson:4","title":"Ingenuity and technology in war","text":"The siege is famous for new and bold methods: great bronze cannon that broke walls built a thousand years before, ships rolled over a hill into a closed harbor, mines and countermines underground. The defenders answered with night repairs, Greek fire and countermining. The witnesses show how engineering and resolve worked together on both sides.","work":"The Fall of Constantinople, 1453: Eyewitness Accounts","author":"Nicolo Barbaro, George Sphrantzes, Doukas, and others","url":"/works/fall-of-constantinople-1453-eyewitness-accounts/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"far-from-the-madding-crowd:lesson:1","title":"Steadfast love","text":"Gabriel's love outlasts refusal, ruin and years of service without reward. Hardy contrasts his patient affection with Boldwood's consuming passion and Troy's quick charm, and the closing chapter praises a love grown from knowing each other's rough sides.","work":"Far from the Madding Crowd","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/far-from-the-madding-crowd/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"far-from-the-madding-crowd:lesson:2","title":"Skill and stewardship","text":"Gabriel saves the ricks from fire and storm and the sheep from bloat by knowledge and hard work. Hardy honours the craft of farm life and shows that faithfulness in small duties can save a whole household.","work":"Far from the Madding Crowd","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/far-from-the-madding-crowd/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"far-from-the-madding-crowd:lesson:3","title":"Vanity and its consequences","text":"Bathsheba admires herself in a mirror on the first page and sends a valentine as a joke. Her small vanities set off great consequences for Boldwood, and she grows through suffering into humility and honesty.","work":"Far from the Madding Crowd","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/far-from-the-madding-crowd/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"far-from-the-madding-crowd:lesson:4","title":"Passion and the disordered mind","text":"Boldwood's love turns from devotion to fixation, shown in his neglected ricks and his hidden store of gifts. The reprieve raises the question of responsibility when passion overthrows judgment.","work":"Far from the Madding Crowd","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/far-from-the-madding-crowd/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle:lesson:1","title":"Ask the cause of what you see","text":"Faraday tells his listeners that whenever something happens, especially something new, they should ask what the cause is, and that patient asking will find the reason. Each lecture models the habit, turning an ordinary flame into a sequence of small questions answered by experiment.","work":"The Chemical History of a Candle","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle:lesson:2","title":"Mistakes can teach","text":"A guttering candle is a failure, yet Faraday says that faults of this kind bring instruction that would never come if they had not occurred. The badly made fluted candle teaches more about air currents than the good one.","work":"The Chemical History of a Candle","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle:lesson:3","title":"Use before ornament","text":"Faraday judges the pretty fluted and coloured candles bad burners and says that the perfection of a process lies in its usefulness. The best-acting thing, not the best-looking thing, is the most advantageous.","work":"The Chemical History of a Candle","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle:lesson:4","title":"One order joins flame and breath","text":"The last lecture links the candle to the human body and to plants: burning and breathing are the same kind of process, and what is waste to animals is food for vegetation. Faraday sees nature as tied together so that one part serves another.","work":"The Chemical History of a Candle","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-chemical-history-of-a-candle/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity:lesson:1","title":"Asking the symmetrical question","text":"Faraday began from a simple reversal: since Oersted had shown that an electric current makes magnetism, could magnetism make a current? Years of failed attempts preceded the discovery that the effect appears only when something changes. The First Series shows how a good question and patient experiment can open a new science.","work":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity:lesson:2","title":"Naming things well","text":"In the Seventh Series Faraday coins electrode, anode, cathode, electrolyte and ion, choosing words that would not commit him to a theory he could not prove. He worries that the old word pole suggests attraction to a point. Careful vocabulary is shown as part of careful science.","work":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity:lesson:3","title":"One force in many forms","text":"The Third Series patiently tests five kinds of electricity, from the battery to the torpedo fish, for the same set of effects. Faraday concludes that they differ only in quantity and intensity, not in nature. The method, a table of effects checked one by one, is a model of building a general conclusion from many particular trials.","work":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity:lesson:4","title":"Measurement turns a mystery into a law","text":"By inventing the volta-electrometer, which measures electricity by the gas it releases from water, Faraday could show that the same quantity of electricity always decomposes chemically equivalent amounts of different substances. A qualitative curiosity became a quantitative law linking electricity and chemical combination.","work":"Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1","author":"Michael Faraday","url":"/works/faraday-experimental-researches-in-electricity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"farmer-boy:lesson:1","title":"Trust is earned by faithful work","text":"Father will not let Almanzo handle the young horses until he shows he can be patient and careful with smaller things, starting with the calves Star and Bright. By the last chapter Almanzo's steady work has earned him Starlight.","work":"Farmer Boy","author":"Laura Ingalls Wilder","url":"/works/farmer-boy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"farmer-boy:lesson:2","title":"What money stands for","text":"At the Fourth of July, Father shows Almanzo that a half-dollar is the plowing, planting, hoeing and harvesting of a bushel of potatoes. Almanzo learns to think about money as stored-up work, and chooses to buy a pig that will grow rather than spend it on treats in town.","work":"Farmer Boy","author":"Laura Ingalls Wilder","url":"/works/farmer-boy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"farmer-boy:lesson:3","title":"Honesty and gratitude","text":"Almanzo returns fifteen hundred dollars without taking a cent, even when Mr. Thompson treats him like a thief. Mr. Paddock's anger at Mr. Thompson shows that a good deed deserves thanks, while Eliza Jane's secret kindness about the parlor wall shows grace given without being earned.","work":"Farmer Boy","author":"Laura Ingalls Wilder","url":"/works/farmer-boy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"farmer-boy:lesson:4","title":"The free life of a farmer","text":"In the last chapter Father compares the wheelwright's comfortable town job with farm life, where a man feeds, clothes and warms his family from his own land and is his own master. Almanzo hears both sides and chooses the harder, freer life.","work":"Farmer Boy","author":"Laura Ingalls Wilder","url":"/works/farmer-boy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fathers-and-sons:lesson:1","title":"Ideas meet life","text":"Bazarov's nihilism is tested by love, family and death, which his theories cannot master. Turgenev shows the limits of ideology without simply dismissing it.","work":"Fathers and Sons","author":"Ivan Turgenev","url":"/works/fathers-and-sons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fathers-and-sons:lesson:2","title":"Generations misunderstand each other","text":"Fathers and sons love one another across a gulf of values. The novel treats the conflict of generations with sympathy for both sides.","work":"Fathers and Sons","author":"Ivan Turgenev","url":"/works/fathers-and-sons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fathers-and-sons:lesson:3","title":"Death as the great leveller","text":"Bazarov dies from a small cut during routine work, his genius unused. His death, faced with courage and tenderness, gives the novel its moral weight.","work":"Fathers and Sons","author":"Ivan Turgenev","url":"/works/fathers-and-sons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fdr-first-inaugural-address:lesson:1","title":"Naming the real enemy","text":"Roosevelt's most famous sentence identifies fear itself as the danger: a panic that stops people from spending, lending, and working and so deepens the very collapse it dreads. A leader's first task in a crisis, the speech suggests, is to tell the truth about conditions while refusing to let terror govern the response.","work":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/fdr-first-inaugural-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fdr-first-inaugural-address:lesson:2","title":"Wealth and its proper place","text":"The address argues that the Depression exposed a false standard of success. Happiness lies in achievement and creative effort; public office is a trust, not a source of profit; and confidence depends on honesty and honor. Roosevelt frames economic reform as the recovery of older moral truths.","work":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/fdr-first-inaugural-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fdr-first-inaugural-address:lesson:3","title":"Emergency and constitutional limits","text":"Roosevelt praises the Constitution's flexibility and hopes the ordinary balance between Congress and the executive will be enough, but he warns that he may ask for war-like power over the emergency. The speech raises a perennial question: how far a free government may concentrate authority in a crisis without losing its essential form.","work":"First Inaugural Address (\"The only thing we have to fear\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/fdr-first-inaugural-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fear-and-trembling:lesson:1","title":"Faith is harder than its admirers admit","text":"Johannes insists that people who praise Abraham on Sunday would be horrified by a parishioner who did the same thing on Monday. The book forces readers to face the terror of the story before claiming to understand it.","work":"Fear and Trembling","author":"Soren Kierkegaard","url":"/works/fear-and-trembling/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fear-and-trembling:lesson:2","title":"Resignation and faith are two different movements","text":"Infinite resignation renounces the finite for an eternal consolation; faith renounces and then receives the finite back with joy. The distinction separates detached spirituality from a faith that returns to ordinary life.","work":"Fear and Trembling","author":"Soren Kierkegaard","url":"/works/fear-and-trembling/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fear-and-trembling:lesson:3","title":"When ethics cannot be spoken","text":"Problema III asks whether a person can be justified in keeping silent about a decision others cannot understand. The question bears on confession, secrecy and the limits of explaining oneself to family or community.","work":"Fear and Trembling","author":"Soren Kierkegaard","url":"/works/fear-and-trembling/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fear-and-trembling:lesson:4","title":"The tragic hero versus the single individual","text":"Agamemnon can weep with the Greeks because his sacrifice serves the state; Abraham has no shared reason to offer. The contrast shows what a purely communal ethics can and cannot recognise.","work":"Fear and Trembling","author":"Soren Kierkegaard","url":"/works/fear-and-trembling/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"feyerabend-against-method:lesson:1","title":"History tests philosophy of science","text":"Feyerabend measures methodological rules against what scientists actually did, especially Galileo, and argues that the rules fail the test. Whether or not one accepts his conclusions, his method requires philosophers to take the record of discovery seriously.","work":"Against Method","author":"Paul Feyerabend","url":"/works/feyerabend-against-method/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"feyerabend-against-method:lesson:2","title":"Observation is shaped by interpretation","text":"In the tower argument, the same observation of a falling stone seemed to support a stationary earth until Galileo changed how it was interpreted. Feyerabend uses the case to show that facts come already shaped by assumptions.","work":"Against Method","author":"Paul Feyerabend","url":"/works/feyerabend-against-method/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"feyerabend-against-method:lesson:3","title":"Who decides what counts as knowledge?","text":"Feyerabend's closing chapters ask whether scientific experts or citizens should decide what is taught and funded, and argue for separating science from the state. Critics answered that this undervalues the reliability of scientific results; the debate continues.","work":"Against Method","author":"Paul Feyerabend","url":"/works/feyerabend-against-method/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fides-et-ratio:lesson:1","title":"Fides et Ratio: formed attention","text":"Fides et Ratio teaches students to slow down before judgment. eleventh-grade students can use the text as a capstone for questions raised by Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas, and modern skepticism","work":"Fides et Ratio","author":"John Paul II","url":"/works/fides-et-ratio/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fides-et-ratio:lesson:2","title":"Fides et Ratio: order and disorder","text":"Fides et Ratio makes order visible by showing what damages it. John Paul II diagnoses modern fragmentation, recalls biblical wisdom and classical inquiry, and asks theology and philosophy to recover mutual confidence","work":"Fides et Ratio","author":"John Paul II","url":"/works/fides-et-ratio/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fides-et-ratio:lesson:3","title":"Fides et Ratio: body and soul","text":"Fides et Ratio gives the medical lens a human scale. the medical relevance is in bioethics and anthropology: a reduced account of reason weakens the defense of dignity, conscience, and persons","work":"Fides et Ratio","author":"John Paul II","url":"/works/fides-et-ratio/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fielding-tom-jones:lesson:1","title":"A good heart needs prudence","text":"Fielding's narrator says plainly in Book III that goodness of heart will not by itself carry a young man safely through the world. Tom's generosity is real, but his drinking, his affairs and his carelessness of appearances give Blifil the means to ruin him. The novel ends only when Tom has added discretion to his warmth.","work":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","author":"Henry Fielding","url":"/works/fielding-tom-jones/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fielding-tom-jones:lesson:2","title":"Seeming and being","text":"Blifil says the right things and keeps the outward rules; Tom breaks them and keeps faith with the poor. Thwackum and Square each have a theory of virtue and neither shows much charity. Fielding asks readers to judge people by their deeds and their kindness, not their professions.","work":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","author":"Henry Fielding","url":"/works/fielding-tom-jones/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fielding-tom-jones:lesson:3","title":"The narrator as host","text":"The essays that open each book make the reader a guest at the narrator's table, from the bill of fare in Book I to the farewell in Book XVIII. Fielding uses them to explain his new kind of writing, to tease critics and to teach the reader how to read. The novel becomes a conversation as well as a story.","work":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","author":"Henry Fielding","url":"/works/fielding-tom-jones/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fielding-tom-jones:lesson:4","title":"Comic providence","text":"The plot is full of chance meetings at inns, lost letters and mistaken identities, yet every thread is tied at the end, from Bridget's letter to Black George's banknote. Coleridge admired the design of the plot. The comic ending rewards patience and honesty and exposes concealment.","work":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling","author":"Henry Fielding","url":"/works/fielding-tom-jones/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"first-draft-of-a-report-on-the-edvac:lesson:1","title":"Architecture can outlive hardware","text":"The EDVAC report is tied to vacuum tubes and mercury delay lines, yet its functional division proved more durable than the devices. A deep architecture survives when it names the right relationships among operations, memory, and control.","work":"First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC","author":"John von Neumann","url":"/works/first-draft-of-a-report-on-the-edvac/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"first-draft-of-a-report-on-the-edvac:lesson:2","title":"Priority can be obscured by circulation","text":"The report's fame shows how authorship in technical systems may differ from invention. A clear public document can attach one name to ideas that emerged from a wider engineering group.","work":"First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC","author":"John von Neumann","url":"/works/first-draft-of-a-report-on-the-edvac/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"first-draft-of-a-report-on-the-edvac:lesson:3","title":"Stored instructions changed what machines were","text":"Putting programs in memory made the computer a general symbolic instrument rather than a special-purpose calculator. The lesson is that representation and physical organization together can create a new class of tool.","work":"First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC","author":"John von Neumann","url":"/works/first-draft-of-a-report-on-the-edvac/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"five-children-and-it:lesson:1","title":"Be careful what you wish for","text":"Every wish the children make seems wonderful until it is granted. Beauty gets them locked out of their own house, wealth makes them look like thieves, and wings strand them on a church tower. Nesbit shows that a wish can grant exactly what was asked for and still miss what was really wanted.","work":"Five Children and It","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/five-children-and-it/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"five-children-and-it:lesson:2","title":"Words spoken in anger can hurt","text":"Robert says in a temper that he wishes everyone wanted the Lamb, and the wish comes true in a way that nearly loses them their baby brother. Later Cyril wishes the Lamb would grow up, and the baby they love is replaced by a stranger. The children learn that careless words about the people we love have consequences.","work":"Five Children and It","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/five-children-and-it/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"five-children-and-it:lesson:3","title":"Honesty when no one will believe you","text":"The servants cannot see the magic, so the children often have no story anyone will believe. On the church tower and with their mother at the end, they still try to tell the truth, and Robert repeats their father's advice that those who do nothing wrong and speak the truth need not be afraid.","work":"Five Children and It","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/five-children-and-it/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fletcher-v-peck:lesson:1","title":"A grant as a contract","text":"Marshall treats Georgia's sale of land as a contract that has been carried out, leaving the state with an implied promise not to reassert its right. That move brought public grants under the Contract Clause and gave buyers of land, and later holders of charters, a federal defence against state attempts to take back what had been conveyed.","work":"Fletcher v. Peck","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/fletcher-v-peck/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fletcher-v-peck:lesson:2","title":"The innocent purchaser","text":"The legislators of 1795 were widely believed to have been bribed, but Fletcher and Peck had bought years later and far away. The Court asked whose rights should suffer when an original transaction was tainted, and answered that a purchaser for value without notice keeps his title.","work":"Fletcher v. Peck","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/fletcher-v-peck/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fletcher-v-peck:lesson:3","title":"Courts and the motives of legislators","text":"Marshall thought it improper for a court, in a dispute between two private parties, to investigate whether a sovereign legislature had acted from corrupt motives. Johnson went further, noting the absurdity if each new majority could declare its predecessors corrupt. Both pointed instead to elections and constitutional limits as remedies.","work":"Fletcher v. Peck","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/fletcher-v-peck/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fletcher-v-peck:lesson:4","title":"Natural justice or written text?","text":"The Court rested its holding on two foundations at once, general principles common to free institutions and the particular words of the Constitution. Johnson rejected the textual ground and relied on natural justice alone. The case thus shows early American judges still weighing unwritten principles alongside the written charter.","work":"Fletcher v. Peck","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/fletcher-v-peck/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"formally-undecidable-propositions:lesson:1","title":"Formal strength carries formal limits","text":"Godel's result is not a rejection of logic but one of logic's great achievements. It shows that sufficiently powerful systems have boundaries that can themselves be proved.","work":"On Formally Undecidable Propositions","author":"Kurt Godel","url":"/works/formally-undecidable-propositions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"formally-undecidable-propositions:lesson:2","title":"Self-reference can become exact","text":"The paper turns a paradox-like gesture into disciplined mathematics. By encoding syntax arithmetically, it makes self-reference precise enough to support proof.","work":"On Formally Undecidable Propositions","author":"Kurt Godel","url":"/works/formally-undecidable-propositions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"formally-undecidable-propositions:lesson:3","title":"Completeness is not the same as truth","text":"The paper separates provability within a system from truth in the intended interpretation. That distinction still matters wherever institutions confuse procedural success with understanding.","work":"On Formally Undecidable Propositions","author":"Kurt Godel","url":"/works/formally-undecidable-propositions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fragments:lesson:1","title":"Change is the condition of being","text":"Heraclitus holds that things remain what they are only by changing, like a river. The fragments invite readers to see stability and flux as partners rather than opposites.","work":"Fragments","author":"Heraclitus","url":"/works/fragments/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fragments:lesson:2","title":"Opposites depend on each other","text":"Health makes sense only against sickness, rest against weariness. Heraclitus suggests that tension and contrast are the structure of experience.","work":"Fragments","author":"Heraclitus","url":"/works/fragments/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"fragments:lesson:3","title":"Most people sleepwalk","text":"Heraclitus criticises those who live in private worlds and fail to attend to what is common. His fragments demand alert attention and self-inquiry.","work":"Fragments","author":"Heraclitus","url":"/works/fragments/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"frankenstein:lesson:1","title":"Responsibility does not end at creation","text":"Victor's crime is less making the creature than abandoning it. The novel argues that whoever brings a dependent being into the world owes it care, and that neglect breeds the very monstrosity it fears.","work":"Frankenstein","author":"Mary Shelley","url":"/works/frankenstein/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"frankenstein:lesson:2","title":"Ambition without companionship turns pathological","text":"Victor and Walton both pursue glory in isolation. The book shows obsession eroding health, sleep and relationships, and presents friendship and domestic affection as checks on destructive single-mindedness.","work":"Frankenstein","author":"Mary Shelley","url":"/works/frankenstein/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"frankenstein:lesson:3","title":"Monstrosity is made, not born","text":"The creature narrates his own fall from benevolence to violence through repeated rejection. The novel invites readers to ask how much character is formed by treatment and how appearance governs moral judgment.","work":"Frankenstein","author":"Mary Shelley","url":"/works/frankenstein/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"frankenstein:lesson:4","title":"Silence and guilt compound harm","text":"Victor lets Justine die rather than reveal what he has done. Shame and fear of being thought mad keep him silent, and his secrecy multiplies the deaths.","work":"Frankenstein","author":"Mary Shelley","url":"/works/frankenstein/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"franklin-autobiography-and-poor-richard:lesson:1","title":"Character can be engineered","text":"Franklin treats virtue as habit formation. The method is practical and revealing, though it risks reducing moral life to self-management.","work":"Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack","author":"Benjamin Franklin","url":"/works/franklin-autobiography-and-poor-richard/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"franklin-autobiography-and-poor-richard:lesson:2","title":"Usefulness becomes a civic ideal","text":"Franklin prizes knowledge that builds libraries, fire companies, hospitals, and public trust. Practical intelligence becomes a public virtue.","work":"Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack","author":"Benjamin Franklin","url":"/works/franklin-autobiography-and-poor-richard/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"franklin-autobiography-and-poor-richard:lesson:3","title":"Self-making is never solitary","text":"The Autobiography celebrates individual industry, but Franklin rises through print networks, clubs, patrons, cities, and institutions. Self-improvement depends on social worlds.","work":"Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack","author":"Benjamin Franklin","url":"/works/franklin-autobiography-and-poor-richard/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"frazer-the-golden-bough:lesson:1","title":"The two laws of magic","text":"Frazer analyzes magic into two principles: like produces like, and things once in contact continue to act on each other. He calls magic a false science because it applies real habits of association to the wrong connections. The analysis is still a standard starting point for describing magical thinking.","work":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","author":"James George Frazer","url":"/works/frazer-the-golden-bough/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"frazer-the-golden-bough:lesson:2","title":"A question that grows","text":"The book begins with one local puzzle at Nemi and ends twelve volumes and one abridgment later with a theory of human thought. Frazer admits in Farewell to Nemi that answering one question raised many more. His method shows both the power and the risk of following a comparison wherever it leads.","work":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","author":"James George Frazer","url":"/works/frazer-the-golden-bough/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"frazer-the-golden-bough:lesson:3","title":"Magic, religion, science","text":"Frazer proposes that human thought moved from magic through religion to science, and he pictures it as a web of black, red and white threads. He also allows that science itself may be superseded. Many later scholars rejected this scheme of stages, and Christian readers have answered his treatment of religion as a passing phase.","work":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","author":"James George Frazer","url":"/works/frazer-the-golden-bough/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"frazer-the-golden-bough:lesson:4","title":"The scapegoat","text":"Frazer collects customs in which a community's evils are transferred to an animal, an object or a person and driven out. The chapters on public scapegoats and human scapegoats in antiquity gave the word much of its later currency in literature and social thought.","work":"The Golden Bough (abridged edition)","author":"James George Frazer","url":"/works/frazer-the-golden-bough/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"freedom-and-the-law:lesson:1","title":"Two kinds of legal certainty","text":"Leoni separates the certainty of a clear written rule from the certainty of a rule that will still be there in twenty years. A statute can be perfectly precise and still unpredictable if the legislature may change it at any session. The distinction gives students a precise tool for thinking about what citizens need from law.","work":"Freedom and the Law","author":"Bruno Leoni","url":"/works/freedom-and-the-law/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"freedom-and-the-law:lesson:2","title":"Law discovered, not made","text":"Leoni draws on Roman private law and the English common law to argue that much law can be found in the settled expectations of a people and stated by judges and jurists, rather than invented by a legislature. The idea has deep roots in the medieval belief that the king must keep the law of the land, not create it.","work":"Freedom and the Law","author":"Bruno Leoni","url":"/works/freedom-and-the-law/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"freedom-and-the-law:lesson:3","title":"Legislation and planning","text":"Leoni applies to lawmaking the economists' argument that a central planner lacks the knowledge spread among millions of people. A legislature, he argues, faces the same limit when it tries to set the rules of private life for an entire nation. The comparison links legal philosophy with economics in an original way.","work":"Freedom and the Law","author":"Bruno Leoni","url":"/works/freedom-and-the-law/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"friends-romans-countrymen:lesson:1","title":"Saying the opposite of what you mean","text":"Antony never directly calls Brutus a liar; he repeats that Brutus is an honourable man until the phrase means its opposite. The speech shows how irony and repetition can carry an argument the speaker has promised not to make.","work":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/friends-romans-countrymen/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"friends-romans-countrymen:lesson:2","title":"Evidence the audience supplies","text":"Antony asks questions instead of drawing conclusions (Did this in Caesar seem ambitious?) and lets the citizens answer for themselves. He appeals to what they saw on the Lupercal and to what they feel at the sight of the wounds, so that their own judgment seems to convict the conspirators.","work":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/friends-romans-countrymen/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"friends-romans-countrymen:lesson:3","title":"The power and danger of persuasion","text":"The oration ends with a crowd rushing to burn houses, and in the next scene that crowd kills Cinna the poet for having the same name as a conspirator. Shakespeare shows rhetoric as a force that can serve loyalty and grief and also unleash disorder its speaker welcomes but cannot direct.","work":"Mark Antony's Funeral Oration (\"Friends, Romans, countrymen\")","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/friends-romans-countrymen/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"frog-and-toad-are-friends:lesson:1","title":"A friend notices sadness","text":"When Toad says the time for mail is a sad time for him, Frog does not tell him to cheer up. He goes home, writes a letter, and comes back to sit and wait with him. Friendship here means seeing a friend's small sorrow and doing something about it.","work":"Frog and Toad Are Friends","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/frog-and-toad-are-friends/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"frog-and-toad-are-friends:lesson:2","title":"Making things right","text":"Toad shouts at his friends when they bring him the wrong buttons, and then he finds his own button at home. Instead of forgetting it, he sews all the buttons onto his jacket and gives it to Frog. The story shows how to say sorry with a gift that turns trouble into joy.","work":"Frog and Toad Are Friends","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/frog-and-toad-are-friends/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"frog-and-toad-are-friends:lesson:3","title":"Taking turns caring","text":"In The Story, Toad tries so hard to help sick Frog that he wears himself out, and then Frog gets up and cares for him. Good friends take turns being the helper and the one who is helped.","work":"Frog and Toad Are Friends","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/frog-and-toad-are-friends/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"frog-and-toad-are-friends:lesson:4","title":"Waiting is better together","text":"Toad wants more sleep, and the snail is very slow. In both stories the waiting is easier because the friends share it. Patience grows when someone keeps us company.","work":"Frog and Toad Are Friends","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/frog-and-toad-are-friends/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"frost-early-poems:lesson:1","title":"Work as a way of knowing","text":"In Mowing, The Tuft of Flowers and After Apple-picking, ordinary farm labor becomes a way to think about truth, fellowship and death. Frost refuses fairy gold and easy dreams in Mowing and insists that the fact itself is sweet. Students can watch how close attention to a task opens onto large questions.","work":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/frost-early-poems/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"frost-early-poems:lesson:2","title":"Neighbors and boundaries","text":"Mending Wall shows two men working side by side to rebuild what nature keeps knocking down. The speaker doubts the need for the wall but still meets his neighbor every spring to mend it, and the neighbor's proverb gets the last word. The poem leaves the reader to weigh custom against curiosity rather than deciding for us.","work":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/frost-early-poems/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"frost-early-poems:lesson:3","title":"What home means","text":"In The Death of the Hired Man, Warren defines home as the place that has to take you in, while Mary calls it something you somehow haven't to deserve. Silas comes back not to his brother's house but to the farm where he worked, hoping to be useful. The poem asks what we owe to those who have no claim on us but need.","work":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/frost-early-poems/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"frost-early-poems:lesson:4","title":"Choices remembered","text":"The Road Not Taken describes two roads worn really about the same, yet foresees that the traveler will one day claim that his choice made all the difference. The poem is often read as a call to nonconformity, but its details suggest a gentler irony about how people tell the stories of their lives.","work":"Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/frost-early-poems/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"galen-selected-works:lesson:1","title":"Medicine needs method","text":"Galen makes clinical practice depend on reasoning about causes, signs and functions. His confidence can be overbearing, but the demand for method remains powerful.","work":"Galen: Selected Works","author":"Galen","url":"/works/galen-selected-works/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"galen-selected-works:lesson:2","title":"Authority can preserve and freeze knowledge","text":"Galen transmitted enormous medical learning, yet later reverence sometimes made his errors difficult to challenge. The work teaches the double edge of canonical expertise.","work":"Galen: Selected Works","author":"Galen","url":"/works/galen-selected-works/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"galen-selected-works:lesson:3","title":"Mind and body share one vocabulary","text":"Temperament, passion, diet and brain function are not separate compartments in Galen. His system reminds readers that psychiatry has always had bodily metaphors and bodily treatments.","work":"Galen: Selected Works","author":"Galen","url":"/works/galen-selected-works/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"galileo-selected-writings:lesson:1","title":"Look, record, and let others look","text":"The Starry Messenger is built on dated, repeated observations, with drawings and instructions so that others can check them. Galileo's claims about Jupiter's moons rest on weeks of watching their positions change. The work shows how a discovery becomes public knowledge.","work":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","author":"Galileo Galilei","url":"/works/galileo-selected-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"galileo-selected-writings:lesson:2","title":"Two books from one Author","text":"In the Letter Galileo insists that Scripture and nature both come from God and cannot finally contradict each other. Conflicts arise from misreading one or the other. He asks interpreters to distinguish what Scripture teaches for salvation from how it speaks of nature in ordinary language.","work":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","author":"Galileo Galilei","url":"/works/galileo-selected-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"galileo-selected-writings:lesson:3","title":"Argument as well as experiment","text":"In the First Day Salviati refutes Aristotle on falling bodies first by reasoning: if a heavy stone is tied to a light one, the light one should both slow and speed the pair. Only then does he turn to experience. Galileo shows that a clear thought experiment can expose a contradiction in a long-held view.","work":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","author":"Galileo Galilei","url":"/works/galileo-selected-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"galileo-selected-writings:lesson:4","title":"Wonder at the large and the small","text":"The First Day moves from cathedral-sized columns to the infinitely small, from the scaling of giants to the paradoxes of number. Galileo's characters treat these puzzles with delight and patience. The dialogue form lets doubt and objection play their part in learning.","work":"Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)","author":"Galileo Galilei","url":"/works/galileo-selected-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gettysburg-address:lesson:1","title":"Honoring the dead by finishing their work","text":"Lincoln refuses to let a cemetery dedication remain a ceremony. He argues that the soldiers' sacrifice cannot be improved by words, so the only fitting tribute is for the living to take up the task the dead advanced. Remembrance, in this speech, is a form of obligation.","work":"The Gettysburg Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/gettysburg-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gettysburg-address:lesson:2","title":"The founding as a proposition to be proved","text":"By dating the nation from 1776 and calling equality a proposition, Lincoln treats the Declaration of Independence as the nation's defining creed and the war as its proof. The speech teaches that a people founded on an idea must keep showing that the idea can endure.","work":"The Gettysburg Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/gettysburg-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gettysburg-address:lesson:3","title":"The power of brevity","text":"Everett's learned two-hour oration was admired and then largely forgotten; Lincoln's ten sentences became the best-known speech in American history. Lincoln compresses past, present, and future into a single movement and lets plain words such as here, dedicate, and devotion carry the weight through repetition.","work":"The Gettysburg Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/gettysburg-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ghazali-deliverance-from-error:lesson:1","title":"Honest doubt can be the beginning of firmer faith","text":"Ghazali does not hide that he once doubted the senses and even reason itself. He treats this doubt as a sickness to be healed rather than a pose to be admired, and he finds his cure in God's gift of light, not in a cleverer argument. His story invites readers to ask what certainty is and where it finally comes from.","work":"Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)","author":"Abu Hamid al-Ghazali","url":"/works/ghazali-deliverance-from-error/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ghazali-deliverance-from-error:lesson:2","title":"Judge a teaching by its truth, not by its teacher","text":"Though he rejects much of the philosophers' metaphysics, Ghazali insists that a true statement does not become false because an opponent says it. His images of the coin-assayer and the honey in the cupping glass teach a discipline of fair reading that is rare in any age of controversy.","work":"Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)","author":"Abu Hamid al-Ghazali","url":"/works/ghazali-deliverance-from-error/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ghazali-deliverance-from-error:lesson:3","title":"Knowing about goodness is not the same as being good","text":"Ghazali learns that the Sufis' teaching is easier to study than to practice, as a doctor can define drunkenness without being drunk. When he applies this to himself, he finds that his celebrated teaching was moved by desire for fame. The cost of acting on that discovery is his position, his income and his health.","work":"Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)","author":"Abu Hamid al-Ghazali","url":"/works/ghazali-deliverance-from-error/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ghazali-deliverance-from-error:lesson:4","title":"Reason has a place, and a limit","text":"Ghazali praises logic and mathematics, uses arguments throughout, and still holds that prophecy is a faculty above reason, as reason is above the senses. A child of seven could not imagine the work of the intellect; so, he argues, reason should not deny what lies beyond it.","work":"Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)","author":"Abu Hamid al-Ghazali","url":"/works/ghazali-deliverance-from-error/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections:lesson:1","title":"Greatness can carry the seeds of its own decline","text":"Gibbon's most famous judgment is that Rome fell because of its immoderate greatness: the larger it grew, the more it depended on armies, distant governors and a single ruler. He even says we should wonder that it lasted so long. His account invites readers to see that the strengths of an empire and its weaknesses may be the same things seen at different times.","work":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","author":"Edward Gibbon","url":"/works/gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections:lesson:2","title":"Forms can hide realities","text":"In Chapter III Augustus keeps the consuls, the Senate and the language of the republic while holding absolute power. Gibbon admires his skill and notices how gladly the Romans accepted names in place of freedom. The same chapter shows that the Antonines' good government depended on their personal virtue, not on any law that bound them.","work":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","author":"Edward Gibbon","url":"/works/gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections:lesson:3","title":"A historian's judgments on religion invite a reply","text":"Gibbon writes of Roman paganism with ironic detachment and argues that Christianity and monasticism weakened the empire's military spirit, while granting that the faith softened the conquerors. Christian scholars answered him from his first volume onward, and Milman's notes in this very edition qualify several of his claims. Reading Gibbon well means hearing his argument in his own words and also listening to the replies.","work":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","author":"Edward Gibbon","url":"/works/gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections:lesson:4","title":"Courage at the end","text":"Chapter LXVIII shows a besieged city divided by quarrels over the church union and outnumbered many times over, yet its last emperor stays at his post and dies with his men. Gibbon, who rarely praises Byzantine rulers, gives Constantine Palaeologus a soldier's honor, and contrasts him with the commander who left the wall.","work":"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)","author":"Edward Gibbon","url":"/works/gibbon-decline-and-fall-selections/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gibbons-v-ogden:lesson:1","title":"Defining a single word","text":"Ogden's counsel read commerce as traffic in goods; Marshall read it as intercourse, including navigation and the carrying of passengers. The scope of national power over the economy for the next two centuries flowed from how this one word was defined in 1824.","work":"Gibbons v. Ogden","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gibbons-v-ogden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gibbons-v-ogden:lesson:2","title":"Where national and state power meet","text":"Marshall drew a line: commerce that concerns more states than one belongs to Congress, while the completely internal commerce of a state is left to it, along with inspection, health and quarantine laws. Much later constitutional history concerns where exactly that line runs.","work":"Gibbons v. Ogden","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gibbons-v-ogden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gibbons-v-ogden:lesson:3","title":"Deciding no more than necessary","text":"Marshall admitted the strong case for treating the commerce power as exclusive but rested the decision on the narrower ground that New York's law conflicted with an existing act of Congress. He also declined to address the patent clause. Johnson, by contrast, would have decided the larger question.","work":"Gibbons v. Ogden","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gibbons-v-ogden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gibbons-v-ogden:lesson:4","title":"Monopoly, invention and the public","text":"New York had rewarded Fulton and Livingston with exclusive rights to encourage a risky invention, and other states had answered with retaliatory laws of their own. The case shows how a grant meant to promote progress could become a barrier between states, and why the framers had given Congress power over commerce among them.","work":"Gibbons v. Ogden","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gibbons-v-ogden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gideon-v-wainwright:lesson:1","title":"Equal before the law","text":"Black's argument rests on a simple observation: the state always has a lawyer, and defendants with money hire one. A poor man without counsel faces trained opponents alone, and Black concluded that equal justice requires that the state supply a lawyer.","work":"Gideon v. Wainwright","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gideon-v-wainwright/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gideon-v-wainwright:lesson:2","title":"One prisoner's petition","text":"Gideon wrote his petition in pencil on prison paper. The Court accepted it, appointed one of the best lawyers in Washington for him, and changed the law of every state. The case shows how the ordinary process of petition can bring a large question before the highest court.","work":"Gideon v. Wainwright","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gideon-v-wainwright/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gideon-v-wainwright:lesson:3","title":"Case-by-case or a clear rule?","text":"Betts asked judges to decide in each case whether special circumstances made counsel necessary. Florida valued that flexibility and the states' freedom to decide; Gideon's lawyers argued it produced confusion and unfairness. The choice between flexible standards and bright-line rules runs throughout law.","work":"Gideon v. Wainwright","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gideon-v-wainwright/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gideon-v-wainwright:lesson:4","title":"The guiding hand","text":"Justice Sutherland's words in Powell, quoted by Black, describe how even an intelligent layman may be convicted though innocent because he does not know how to establish his innocence. Gideon's acquittal at his second trial, with a lawyer, gave that warning a concrete illustration.","work":"Gideon v. Wainwright","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gideon-v-wainwright/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gilbert-de-magnete:lesson:1","title":"Learn from things, not only from books","text":"Gilbert addresses readers who seek knowledge from things themselves. He reviews earlier writers but tests their claims, rejecting the story that garlic robs a magnet of its power, and asks readers to repeat his experiments carefully rather than dismiss them when they fail.","work":"On the Magnet (De Magnete)","author":"William Gilbert","url":"/works/gilbert-de-magnete/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gilbert-de-magnete:lesson:2","title":"Distinguish what looks alike","text":"Amber and the loadstone both seem to attract, and earlier writers often treated them together. Gilbert shows with the versorium that many rubbed substances attract all light bodies, while the magnet acts only on magnetic bodies and without rubbing, and so he separates electric from magnetic attraction.","work":"On the Magnet (De Magnete)","author":"William Gilbert","url":"/works/gilbert-de-magnete/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gilbert-de-magnete:lesson:3","title":"A model of the world in the hand","text":"Gilbert's terrella, a loadstone shaped into a sphere, lets him study on a table the behaviour he believes the compass shows across the whole earth. Reasoning from a model to the world is one of his most important methods, and his conclusion that the earth is a magnet rests on the agreement between the two.","work":"On the Magnet (De Magnete)","author":"William Gilbert","url":"/works/gilbert-de-magnete/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gilbert-de-magnete:lesson:4","title":"Honest medicine","text":"As a physician, Gilbert examines the medical uses claimed for loadstone and iron. He rejects remedies built on fables, such as loadstone for headaches, warns against prescribing iron indiscriminately for every obstruction of the liver and spleen, and accepts only those uses he judges confirmed by experience.","work":"On the Magnet (De Magnete)","author":"William Gilbert","url":"/works/gilbert-de-magnete/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gitlow-v-new-york:lesson:1","title":"Bringing the Bill of Rights to the states","text":"Barron v. Baltimore (1833) held that the Bill of Rights restrained only the federal government. In Gitlow the Court assumed that the Fourteenth Amendment's word liberty includes freedom of speech and press against the states, a step that began the process later called incorporation.","work":"Gitlow v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gitlow-v-new-york/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gitlow-v-new-york:lesson:2","title":"Advocacy, incitement and abstract doctrine","text":"Sanford distinguishes the abstract teaching of a doctrine from advocacy that urges action, and finds the Manifesto to be the latter. Holmes doubts the distinction, saying every idea is an incitement and that the difference lies only in the speaker's enthusiasm.","work":"Gitlow v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gitlow-v-new-york/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gitlow-v-new-york:lesson:3","title":"Who measures the danger?","text":"The majority defers to the legislature's judgment that advocacy of violent overthrow is dangerous as a class; Holmes would have a court ask whether this publication, in these circumstances, posed a present danger. The case is a study in how much weight courts should give legislative findings about speech.","work":"Gitlow v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gitlow-v-new-york/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gitlow-v-new-york:lesson:4","title":"Free speech and the long run","text":"Holmes closes by saying that if a doctrine is destined in the long run to be accepted by the dominant forces of the community, free speech means it should be given its chance. The line expresses confidence in open debate, and also raises the question of whether a free society must tolerate advocacy of its own overthrow.","work":"Gitlow v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gitlow-v-new-york/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death:lesson:1","title":"Facing a painful truth","text":"Henry's first target is not Britain but wishful thinking. He compares hope that ignores evidence to a siren's song and insists on knowing the worst in order to provide for it. The speech treats clear sight about danger as a moral duty, not merely a tactical advantage.","work":"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death","author":"Patrick Henry","url":"/works/give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death:lesson:2","title":"Arguing from experience","text":"The heart of the speech is an inductive argument: ten years of British conduct, set beside fleets and armies arriving, show what the ministry intends. Henry then eliminates the alternatives one by one (argument, entreaty, petition) so that force appears as the only remaining course.","work":"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death","author":"Patrick Henry","url":"/works/give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death:lesson:3","title":"Courage and providence","text":"Henry answers the charge of weakness partly with numbers and geography and partly with faith: a just God presides over nations and the battle is not to the strong alone. He joins human vigilance and divine providence rather than setting one against the other.","work":"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death","author":"Patrick Henry","url":"/works/give-me-liberty-or-give-me-death/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gods-grandeur:lesson:1","title":"Creation as a charged world","text":"Hopkins treats God's presence in nature not as a decoration but as a power stored in things, ready to flame out. The poem trains the reader to expect glory in ordinary matter, such as foil or oil, and to see it as the work of a Creator who is still present.","work":"God's Grandeur","author":"Gerard Manley Hopkins","url":"/works/gods-grandeur/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gods-grandeur:lesson:2","title":"The weariness of trodden ground","text":"Lines 5-8 imitate the grind of labor with repeated words and heavy stresses. Hopkins does not reject work, but he shows how a life of trade and toil can numb the senses, so that the foot, being shod, can no longer feel the earth.","work":"God's Grandeur","author":"Gerard Manley Hopkins","url":"/works/gods-grandeur/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gods-grandeur:lesson:3","title":"Hope grounded in the Spirit","text":"The sestet's hope does not rest on human reform but on the Holy Ghost, who keeps brooding over the bent world. Renewal comes each morning as a gift, and the poem's last word, wings, leaves the reader under protection rather than judgment.","work":"God's Grandeur","author":"Gerard Manley Hopkins","url":"/works/gods-grandeur/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"goethe-faust-part-one:lesson:1","title":"Restlessness as a way of life","text":"Faust's wager says he will never rest content in any moment. Goethe makes this striving both his greatness and his danger: it lifts him above Wagner's dry contentment and also makes him use Gretchen as one more experience.","work":"Faust, Part One","author":"Johann Wolfgang von Goethe","url":"/works/goethe-faust-part-one/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"goethe-faust-part-one:lesson:2","title":"Knowledge without wisdom","text":"Faust has studied all four faculties and feels he knows nothing; the villagers' gratitude for his plague remedies only reminds him that his learning killed. The play asks what knowledge is for when it does not make a man good or wise.","work":"Faust, Part One","author":"Johann Wolfgang von Goethe","url":"/works/goethe-faust-part-one/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"goethe-faust-part-one:lesson:3","title":"The cost borne by the innocent","text":"Faust's desire and Mephistopheles' means destroy Gretchen's mother, her brother, her child and finally Gretchen herself. Goethe shows the human wreckage of Faust's quest through those who had no part in the wager.","work":"Faust, Part One","author":"Johann Wolfgang von Goethe","url":"/works/goethe-faust-part-one/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"goethe-faust-part-one:lesson:4","title":"Judgment and mercy","text":"In the dungeon Gretchen refuses to escape with Faust and places herself under God's judgment. Mephistopheles declares her condemned, but a voice from above declares her saved, so the play ends with her mercy and leaves Faust's fate unsettled.","work":"Faust, Part One","author":"Johann Wolfgang von Goethe","url":"/works/goethe-faust-part-one/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"golden-legend-popular-saints:lesson:1","title":"A patronage is a story made portable","text":"The saints' later jobs usually grow from one sharp narrative detail: Nicholas gives gold, Christopher carries, Lucy sees, Barbara meets lightning. Popular devotion remembers what can be pictured, touched, worn, or invoked in danger.","work":"The Golden Legend: Popular Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; William Caxton","url":"/works/golden-legend-popular-saints/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"golden-legend-popular-saints:lesson:2","title":"Modern holidays often preserve medieval fragments","text":"Santa Claus and Valentine's Day are not simple survivals from antiquity. They are layered inventions in which medieval hagiography, seasonal custom, poetry, print, commerce, and national folklore keep recombining.","work":"The Golden Legend: Popular Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; William Caxton","url":"/works/golden-legend-popular-saints/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"golden-legend-popular-saints:lesson:3","title":"Legend is evidence, but not always for the event","text":"The Golden Legend rarely proves that a miracle happened as told. It is strong evidence for what medieval preachers and audiences wanted from a saint: protection, models of courage, healing, conversion, and visible signs of divine justice.","work":"The Golden Legend: Popular Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; William Caxton","url":"/works/golden-legend-popular-saints/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"golden-legend-popular-saints:lesson:4","title":"The body gives devotion a memory system","text":"Eyes, throats, wounds, storms, poison, plague, madness, childbirth, and sudden death turn sanctity into a map of bodily vulnerability. That map matters for the history of medicine because it shows where laypeople sought help before professional medicine dominated care.","work":"The Golden Legend: Popular Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; William Caxton","url":"/works/golden-legend-popular-saints/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"goldsworthy-pax-romana:lesson:1","title":"Peace made by victory","text":"Goldsworthy shows that Romans understood peace as the condition that followed defeating an enemy and receiving his submission. The long calm of the second century rested on earlier conquest and on the memory of what Rome could do to those who resisted.","work":"Pax Romana: War, Peace and Conquest in the Roman World","author":"Adrian Goldsworthy","url":"/works/goldsworthy-pax-romana/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"goldsworthy-pax-romana:lesson:2","title":"Why rebellions faded","text":"Revolts, the book argues, were most likely in the first generation or two after conquest and became rare once local leaders gained a stake in Roman rule through citizenship, office and wealth. The pattern helps explain both the risings of Boudica and the Batavians and the long quiet that followed.","work":"Pax Romana: War, Peace and Conquest in the Roman World","author":"Adrian Goldsworthy","url":"/works/goldsworthy-pax-romana/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"goldsworthy-pax-romana:lesson:3","title":"Ordinary government matters","text":"Beyond battles, Goldsworthy attends to tax collection, courts, roads, city councils and the letters between governors and emperors. The everyday administration of the provinces was as important to the Roman peace as the legions.","work":"Pax Romana: War, Peace and Conquest in the Roman World","author":"Adrian Goldsworthy","url":"/works/goldsworthy-pax-romana/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gonzales-v-raich:lesson:1","title":"The aggregation principle","text":"Under Wickard, a single farmer's wheat or a single patient's plants may be trivial, but Congress may consider the effect of all such activity taken together. Stevens applied that reasoning to marijuana, holding that Congress could rationally fear that home-grown supplies would leak into the national market.","work":"Gonzales v. Raich","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gonzales-v-raich/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gonzales-v-raich:lesson:2","title":"Limits on federal power","text":"The dissenters argued that if Congress can regulate a plant grown and used in one home without sale, the limits recognized in Lopez and Morrison mean little. The majority replied that those cases involved noneconomic statutes, while the drug law regulates a commodity traded in a national market.","work":"Gonzales v. Raich","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gonzales-v-raich/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gonzales-v-raich:lesson:3","title":"States as laboratories","text":"O'Connor invoked Justice Brandeis's image of the states as laboratories that may try novel policies without risk to the rest of the country. California had chosen a different policy on medical marijuana; the question was whether federal law left room for that experiment.","work":"Gonzales v. Raich","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gonzales-v-raich/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gonzales-v-raich:lesson:4","title":"Medicine, law and the democratic process","text":"Stevens acknowledged the patients' strong arguments about therapeutic value but held that the constitutional question did not turn on them. He pointed instead to the statute's procedure for reclassifying drugs and to the voices of voters and legislators as the proper routes for change.","work":"Gonzales v. Raich","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/gonzales-v-raich/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"grace-abounding:lesson:1","title":"Outward religion is not the new birth","text":"For about a year after the voice in the game of cat, Bunyan keeps the outward forms of religion and enjoys being thought godly. The talk of the poor women at Bedford shows him that he has reformed his manners without knowing the change of heart they describe. The book separates reformation of conduct from the faith that rests on Christ.","work":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","author":"John Bunyan","url":"/works/grace-abounding/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"grace-abounding:lesson:2","title":"Temptation can be survived by the Word","text":"During the long trial over the temptation to sell Christ, Bunyan describes texts of Scripture meeting in his mind like opposing forces, the threat to Esau against the promise that whoever comes will not be cast out. He learns to hold on to promises even when feelings point the other way. His Conclusion presents temptation as something that taught him what grace is.","work":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","author":"John Bunyan","url":"/works/grace-abounding/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"grace-abounding:lesson:3","title":"Righteousness outside oneself","text":"The turning point in §229 is the discovery that his righteousness is Christ at God's right hand, not his own good or bad frame of heart. This frees him from measuring himself moment by moment. The book shows how the Reformation doctrine of justification by faith was experienced by an ordinary believer.","work":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","author":"John Bunyan","url":"/works/grace-abounding/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"grace-abounding:lesson:4","title":"Conscience and the cost of obedience","text":"Bunyan could have left prison by promising not to preach. He describes the parting from his wife and children as the pulling of flesh from bones, yet he concludes that he must venture them all with God. The appended Relation shows him arguing courteously but firmly with the justices for the liberty to preach.","work":"Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners","author":"John Bunyan","url":"/works/grace-abounding/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"grasshopper-on-the-road:lesson:1","title":"A club that shuts people out","text":"The beetles are happy together until Grasshopper says he likes afternoons and evenings too, and then they call him names and send him away. Lobel shows children that loving one good thing does not require hating everything else, and that a group can become unkind when everyone must think exactly alike.","work":"Grasshopper on the Road","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/grasshopper-on-the-road/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"grasshopper-on-the-road:lesson:2","title":"When a good habit takes over","text":"Keeping a house clean is good, but the housefly sweeps the road and wants to sweep the whole world. The butterflies' daily routine is pleasant, but they cannot let anything change. These stories show children that even good things need limits, and that a habit should serve us rather than rule us.","work":"Grasshopper on the Road","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/grasshopper-on-the-road/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"grasshopper-on-the-road:lesson:3","title":"Slow enough to see","text":"The dragonflies are proud of their speed, but they never notice the flowers or the sunset. Grasshopper walks slowly and sees it all. The last story teaches that going fast is not the same as getting the most out of a day.","work":"Grasshopper on the Road","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/grasshopper-on-the-road/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"grasshopper-on-the-road:lesson:4","title":"Kindness to the stubborn","text":"Grasshopper never mocks the mosquito's silly rule or the butterflies' fussy routine. He carries the mosquito across the puddle gently and declines the butterflies politely. He shows that a person can keep his own way without being rude to those who see things differently.","work":"Grasshopper on the Road","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/grasshopper-on-the-road/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"great-expectations:lesson:1","title":"The gentleman and the true gentleman","text":"Pip thinks money and manners make a gentleman, yet the least polished characters, Joe and in his rough way Magwitch, show the most loyalty and self-sacrifice. Dickens measures a man by his heart and conduct rather than his rank.","work":"Great Expectations","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/great-expectations/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"great-expectations:lesson:2","title":"Ingratitude recognized","text":"Pip the narrator judges his younger self honestly, admitting that he was too cowardly to do what he knew to be right. The novel shows that seeing one's own ingratitude is the beginning of a changed heart.","work":"Great Expectations","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/great-expectations/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"great-expectations:lesson:3","title":"Revenge that ruins its maker","text":"Miss Havisham stops time to nurse her injury and trains Estella to break hearts. Her vengeance destroys both her own life and the girl's capacity to love, until she cries out in remorse and asks forgiveness.","work":"Great Expectations","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/great-expectations/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"great-expectations:lesson:4","title":"Forgiveness and faithful love","text":"Joe nurses Pip through his fever and pays his debts without reproach, and Pip prays beside the dying Magwitch for mercy on a sinner. Forgiveness given and received runs through the closing chapters.","work":"Great Expectations","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/great-expectations/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"grimms-fairy-tales:lesson:1","title":"Kindness to the small","text":"Again and again the hero who shares bread with an old man, spares the ants, ducks and bees, or serves an old woman faithfully is the one who succeeds. The Simpleton in The Golden Goose wins because he shares a poor cake; Mother Hulda rewards the girl who shakes the bed well. The tales teach children that humble acts of kindness and diligence matter.","work":"Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)","author":"Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm","url":"/works/grimms-fairy-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"grimms-fairy-tales:lesson:2","title":"Trust in God in dark woods","text":"Hansel comforts his sister that God will not forsake them, and Aschenputtel's dying mother tells her to be pious and good. Many tales show children facing hunger and danger with faith and courage, and the wicked come to grief by their own devices.","work":"Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)","author":"Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm","url":"/works/grimms-fairy-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"grimms-fairy-tales:lesson:3","title":"Greed never says enough","text":"The fisherman's wife moves from hovel to cottage to castle, then wishes to be king, emperor and pope, and finally to make the sun and moon rise at her command; the sea grows blacker with every wish until she is back in her hovel. The tale shows children how discontent grows when it is fed.","work":"Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)","author":"Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm","url":"/works/grimms-fairy-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"grimms-fairy-tales:lesson:4","title":"Faithful silence and the power of a promise","text":"The sister in The Six Swans keeps silent for six years, even when she is accused and about to be burned, to free her brothers. The miller's daughter in Rumpelstiltskin learns that a rash promise must be paid. The tales take promises and loyalty very seriously.","work":"Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)","author":"Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm","url":"/works/grimms-fairy-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"griswold-v-connecticut:lesson:1","title":"Rights named and unnamed","text":"The central dispute is whether the Constitution protects rights that its text does not mention. Douglas finds such rights in the shadows cast by named guarantees, Goldberg in the Ninth Amendment, and Harlan in the concept of ordered liberty. Black and Stewart answer that judges have no warrant to protect what the text does not specify, and that unnamed rights belong to the political process.","work":"Griswold v. Connecticut","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/griswold-v-connecticut/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"griswold-v-connecticut:lesson:2","title":"A foolish law and a constitutional law","text":"Both dissenters say they dislike the Connecticut statute; Stewart calls it uncommonly silly. Yet they would uphold it, because they distinguish between a law's wisdom and its constitutionality. The case invites students to consider whether that distinction can be maintained and what it requires of judges.","work":"Griswold v. Connecticut","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/griswold-v-connecticut/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"griswold-v-connecticut:lesson:3","title":"The shadow of Lochner","text":"Douglas explicitly declines to follow Lochner v. New York, and Black and Stewart accuse the majority of reviving its method under another name. Harlan answers that restraint comes from history and tradition, not from limiting due process to the Bill of Rights. The exchange shows how the memory of an earlier era shapes later reasoning.","work":"Griswold v. Connecticut","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/griswold-v-connecticut/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"griswold-v-connecticut:lesson:4","title":"Marriage and the home","text":"Douglas closes by describing marriage as older than the Bill of Rights and intimate to the degree of being sacred, and by asking whether police should search marital bedrooms. All the justices treated marriage as a distinct institution; they disagreed about whether the Constitution gives courts power to shield it from this statute.","work":"Griswold v. Connecticut","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/griswold-v-connecticut/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace:lesson:1","title":"Law reaches even into war","text":"Grotius's starting point is that war does not suspend all right: because war is undertaken for peace, it must be governed by rules that make peace possible again. Book I lays the definitions on which that claim rests.","work":"The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)","author":"Hugo Grotius","url":"/works/grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace:lesson:2","title":"Natural law and the will of God","text":"Natural law, for Grotius, is known by right reason and expresses what God as author of nature commands or forbids; yet it is so fixed that God cannot make what is intrinsically evil good. The point is that moral truth has a necessity like that of arithmetic.","work":"The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)","author":"Hugo Grotius","url":"/works/grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace:lesson:3","title":"Christian conscience and the sword","text":"Chapter II gives a long and fair hearing to the Christian case against all war before answering it from Scripture and the history of the Church. Grotius treats the question as one of conscience, not only of policy.","work":"The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)","author":"Hugo Grotius","url":"/works/grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace:lesson:4","title":"Who may make war","text":"Grotius ties lawful public war to sovereign authority and defines sovereignty by the finality of its acts. His argument against the view that sovereignty always remains with the people shows the stakes of the question in the religious and civil wars of his century.","work":"The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)","author":"Hugo Grotius","url":"/works/grotius-rights-of-war-and-peace/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals:lesson:1","title":"Moral worth lies in the will, not the outcome","text":"Kant's jewel image insists that a good will keeps its value even when circumstances defeat it. The book separates moral evaluation from success, consequences and luck, a sharp contrast with outcome-based ethics.","work":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals:lesson:2","title":"Persons have dignity, not a price","text":"The formula of humanity forbids using anyone merely as a means, and the kingdom of ends distinguishes what can be exchanged from what has no equivalent. This idea underlies modern doctrines of informed consent and human rights.","work":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals:lesson:3","title":"Universalizability as a test","text":"Asking whether one's maxim could be willed as a law for everyone exposes exceptions we make for ourselves, as in the lying promise. The test is powerful but notoriously difficult to apply without circularity.","work":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals:lesson:4","title":"Duty in the absence of feeling","text":"Kant's sorrowing philanthropist and weary survivor show moral action continuing when inclination has died. Readers have found the view either austere or consoling: it locates worth in the person who keeps faith with obligations through depression and grief.","work":"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/groundwork-of-the-metaphysics-of-morals/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gullivers-travels:lesson:1","title":"Perspective changes everything","text":"By making Gulliver giant and then tiny, Swift shows how scale changes what seems grand or disgusting. The book trains readers to see their own customs from outside.","work":"Gulliver's Travels","author":"Jonathan Swift","url":"/works/gullivers-travels/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gullivers-travels:lesson:2","title":"Reason without humanity","text":"The Laputans and the Houyhnhnms both prize reason, with very different results. Swift satirises both useless abstraction and the dream of pure rationality.","work":"Gulliver's Travels","author":"Jonathan Swift","url":"/works/gullivers-travels/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"gullivers-travels:lesson:3","title":"Long life is not the same as good life","text":"The Struldbrugs live forever while ageing and losing memory and companionship. Swift punctures the wish for endless life without health.","work":"Gulliver's Travels","author":"Jonathan Swift","url":"/works/gullivers-travels/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank:lesson:1","title":"Credit as a matter of good faith","text":"The First Report treats public credit less as a technical device than as a reputation earned by keeping promises. Hamilton argues that a nation which pays its debts honestly borrows cheaply in emergencies, and that the Revolutionary debt carried a special obligation because it bought independence.","work":"Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank","author":"Alexander Hamilton","url":"/works/hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank:lesson:2","title":"Justice to holders and purchasers","text":"Hamilton refused to pay original holders, often veterans who had sold their certificates in hard times, more than the speculators who had bought them. He argued that the purchaser had made a fair contract and that the government could not fairly sort out every case. Madison saw an injustice to the soldiers; Hamilton saw an injustice to the contract.","work":"Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank","author":"Alexander Hamilton","url":"/works/hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank:lesson:3","title":"Reading a constitution","text":"The Opinion on the Bank is an argument about interpretation. Jefferson read necessary strictly to keep federal power within narrow bounds; Hamilton read it in its ordinary sense of useful or conducive to, so that the government could choose suitable means. The dispute shaped American constitutional debate and resurfaced in McCulloch v. Maryland.","work":"Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank","author":"Alexander Hamilton","url":"/works/hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank:lesson:4","title":"Industry and the variety of talents","text":"The Report on Manufactures argues that a country of farms alone leaves many abilities unused. Hamilton values manufactures for multiplying the objects of enterprise, giving each kind of talent a fitting work, and creating a home market that helps the farmer, and he proposes public encouragement to overcome the advantages of established foreign industries.","work":"Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank","author":"Alexander Hamilton","url":"/works/hamiltons-reports-and-opinion-on-the-bank/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hamlet:lesson:1","title":"Conscience and the command to act","text":"Hamlet must avenge a murder yet fears damning himself on a ghost's word. His delay is not mere weakness: he tests the Ghost, weighs the soul's fate, and thinks about what killing means. The play makes readers think about the moral weight of action.","work":"Hamlet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/hamlet/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hamlet:lesson:2","title":"Repentance that will not let go","text":"Claudius wants forgiveness but will not give up his crown, his queen or his ambition. Shakespeare shows that true repentance requires surrender of the fruits of sin.","work":"Hamlet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/hamlet/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hamlet:lesson:3","title":"Providence and readiness","text":"After his sea voyage Hamlet speaks of a divinity that shapes our ends and of special providence in the fall of a sparrow. His final calm comes from trust rather than from a finished plan.","work":"Hamlet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/hamlet/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hamlet:lesson:4","title":"Fathers and children","text":"Hamlet, Laertes and Fortinbras are all sons of slain fathers, each answering differently. Polonius's counsel to Laertes and his use of Ophelia show the good and the harm a parent can do.","work":"Hamlet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/hamlet/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hans-brinker:lesson:1","title":"Putting others first","text":"Hans offers his skate money to Dr. Boekman for his father's sake, later lets Annie sell his new skates to help the family, and in the race gives his strap to Peter. Each time he chooses someone else's good over his own wish. Dodge shows that this kind of giving is not weakness: it wins Hans the trust of Peter and of Dr. Boekman.","work":"Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates","author":"Mary Mapes Dodge","url":"/works/hans-brinker/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hans-brinker:lesson:2","title":"Faithfulness in hard times","text":"For ten years Dame Brinker cares for a husband who does not know her and refuses to sell the watch he trusted to her, even when the family is near starvation. Her faithfulness is rewarded when Raff wakes and the watch brings Dr. Boekman his son. Keeping a promise can matter long after it seems to make sense.","work":"Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates","author":"Mary Mapes Dodge","url":"/works/hans-brinker/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hans-brinker:lesson:3","title":"Rich and poor","text":"Rychie and Carl look down on Gretel as a goose girl, while Hilda and Peter treat the Brinkers as friends. At the race, Gretel's win shows that worth does not depend on money. The Conclusion tells what became of the proud and the kind.","work":"Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates","author":"Mary Mapes Dodge","url":"/works/hans-brinker/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hans-brinker:lesson:4","title":"A whole country holding back the sea","text":"Dodge describes how Holland lives below the level of the sea, protected by dikes that need constant watching. Raff was hurt defending a dike, and the story of the boy of Haarlem shows a child giving everything to stop a leak. Lambert says the boy stands for the spirit of the whole country.","work":"Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates","author":"Mary Mapes Dodge","url":"/works/hans-brinker/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hard-times:lesson:1","title":"Facts are not enough","text":"Gradgrind is not a villain; he loves his children and sincerely believes that reason alone will make them happy. His system produces a daughter who cannot name her own feelings and a son who robs his employer. Dickens argues that the heart and the imagination must be educated along with the mind.","work":"Hard Times","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/hard-times/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hard-times:lesson:2","title":"People are not numbers","text":"Gradgrind proposes Louisa's marriage by citing statistics about the ages of husbands and wives. Bitzer reasons that everything is a bargain. The novel shows that calculation cannot measure love, loyalty, or mercy.","work":"Hard Times","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/hard-times/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hard-times:lesson:3","title":"The worth of play","text":"Sleary's circus people are poor and unschooled, yet they are generous and loyal to one another. Sleary argues that people must be amused because they cannot always be learning or working. Dickens defends recreation and fancy as human needs, not luxuries.","work":"Hard Times","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/hard-times/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hard-times:lesson:4","title":"Integrity under pressure","text":"Stephen Blackpool refuses to join the union because of a promise he has made, and refuses to spy on his fellow workers for Bounderby. Both sides reject him. His story shows a man keeping his conscience when it costs him everything.","work":"Hard Times","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/hard-times/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hardy-a-mathematicians-apology:lesson:1","title":"Beauty as a test of truth's worth","text":"Hardy holds that mathematical ideas must fit together harmoniously and that ugly mathematics does not last. He shows rather than asserts this by walking the reader through Euclid's proof about the primes. The lesson is that beauty in an argument can be described with precision: depth, surprise, inevitability and economy.","work":"A Mathematician's Apology","author":"G. H. Hardy","url":"/works/hardy-a-mathematicians-apology/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hardy-a-mathematicians-apology:lesson:2","title":"Usefulness is not the only measure","text":"Hardy defends knowledge pursued for its own sake and even takes pride in its uselessness. His claim that number theory would never serve war was overturned within a generation by cryptography and nuclear physics, a fact that sharpens rather than settles his question about why such knowledge matters.","work":"A Mathematician's Apology","author":"G. H. Hardy","url":"/works/hardy-a-mathematicians-apology/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hardy-a-mathematicians-apology:lesson:3","title":"An honest accounting of a life","text":"In his last sections Hardy assesses his own work without false modesty or boasting. He ranks himself below the greatest mathematicians, names the collaborations that made his best work possible, and asks whether his life was futile. The book models a sober self-examination near the end of a career.","work":"A Mathematician's Apology","author":"G. H. Hardy","url":"/works/hardy-a-mathematicians-apology/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"harper-the-fate-of-rome:lesson:1","title":"History has more than human actors","text":"Harper asks readers to see climate and microbes as forces in history, not as background scenery. Harvests, epidemics and migrations set the conditions within which emperors and generals made their choices. The lesson is not that people do not matter, but that their decisions always meet a world they did not make.","work":"The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire","author":"Kyle Harper","url":"/works/harper-the-fate-of-rome/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"harper-the-fate-of-rome:lesson:2","title":"Success can create vulnerability","text":"The roads, ports, cities and armies that made Rome great also carried disease across the empire with unprecedented speed. Harper shows that integration and prosperity can multiply risks as well as rewards, a theme that invites thought about any connected civilization.","work":"The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire","author":"Kyle Harper","url":"/works/harper-the-fate-of-rome/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"harper-the-fate-of-rome:lesson:3","title":"New evidence, old questions","text":"The book joins ancient texts such as Galen, Cyprian and Procopius to ice cores, tree rings and ancient DNA. Readers learn how scientists and historians test each other's claims, and why historians have debated how much weight the new evidence can bear.","work":"The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire","author":"Kyle Harper","url":"/works/harper-the-fate-of-rome/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"harper-the-fate-of-rome:lesson:4","title":"Faith in time of plague","text":"Harper treats religious responses as part of the story: Cyprian's sermons on mortality, Christian care for the sick, and the apocalyptic hopes of the sixth and seventh centuries. Plague and disaster pressed people of every faith to ask what suffering meant and what they owed one another.","work":"The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire","author":"Kyle Harper","url":"/works/harper-the-fate-of-rome/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"harrington-oceana:lesson:1","title":"Power follows property","text":"Harrington's distinctive claim is that a government's form depends on who owns the land. Laws and constitutions that do not match the distribution of property will not last. To keep a commonwealth stable, the founder must set the balance of property and keep it fixed by law.","work":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","author":"James Harrington","url":"/works/harrington-oceana/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"harrington-oceana:lesson:2","title":"Divide and choose","text":"Two girls sharing a cake show the secret of a just commonwealth: if one divides and the other chooses, the divider has every reason to be fair. Harrington builds his constitution on this idea, giving a senate of the wise the power to propose and the people the power to decide.","work":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","author":"James Harrington","url":"/works/harrington-oceana/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"harrington-oceana:lesson:3","title":"Rotation keeps office from becoming property","text":"Harrington requires that a third of every elected body leave office each year and that officers wait before being chosen again. Rotation, with the secret ballot, keeps a constant flow of new citizens into government and prevents any group from making office its possession.","work":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","author":"James Harrington","url":"/works/harrington-oceana/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"harrington-oceana:lesson:4","title":"A founder who lays down power","text":"The Lord Archon gathers sole legislative power, uses it to establish a free commonwealth, and then resigns it. Harrington presents this as the greatest act of a founder, modelled on Lycurgus and Timoleon, and offered as counsel to Cromwell, who held power at the time.","work":"The Commonwealth of Oceana","author":"James Harrington","url":"/works/harrington-oceana/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood:lesson:1","title":"Counting can overturn a theory","text":"Harvey's decisive argument in Chapter IX is arithmetic. By granting his opponents the smallest plausible output of the heart and multiplying by the number of beats, he shows that the liver could not possibly make so much new blood. The lesson is that a simple measurement, honestly carried through, can decide between explanations that observation alone leaves open.","work":"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)","author":"William Harvey","url":"/works/harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood:lesson:2","title":"Respect for the ancients and the duty to correct them","text":"Harvey honors Galen, borrows his experiments and calls Fabricius a venerable teacher, yet he concludes that the inherited account of the blood is wrong. He shows that one can correct a master in the master's own manner, by observation and argument, without contempt.","work":"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)","author":"William Harvey","url":"/works/harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood:lesson:3","title":"Seeing and inferring","text":"Harvey could not see the tiny vessels that join arteries to veins; he inferred that blood passes through the 'porosities of the flesh' because the quantities and the valves required it. Good science often affirms what reasoning demands before instruments can show it, while remaining open to confirmation.","work":"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)","author":"William Harvey","url":"/works/harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood:lesson:4","title":"Courage to publish","text":"In Chapter VIII Harvey admits that he trembles lest he make all mankind his enemies, because custom becomes a second nature. He publishes anyway, trusting in his love of truth. The book is a model of intellectual courage joined to careful preparation.","work":"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)","author":"William Harvey","url":"/works/harvey-on-the-motion-of-the-heart-and-blood/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hayek-the-road-to-serfdom:lesson:1","title":"General rules versus particular commands","text":"Hayek's key distinction is between a government that lays down general rules known in advance and one that directs particular people toward particular goals. The first lets individuals use their own knowledge and plan their lives; the second requires officials to decide case by case. He calls the first the rule of law.","work":"The Road to Serfdom","author":"F. A. Hayek","url":"/works/hayek-the-road-to-serfdom/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hayek-the-road-to-serfdom:lesson:2","title":"Knowledge is scattered among many people","text":"No central planner can know all the local circumstances of millions of producers and consumers. Prices and competition, Hayek argues, coordinate this dispersed knowledge without anyone having to grasp the whole. This idea, developed further in his 1945 essay The Use of Knowledge in Society, underlies his doubt about central direction.","work":"The Road to Serfdom","author":"F. A. Hayek","url":"/works/hayek-the-road-to-serfdom/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hayek-the-road-to-serfdom:lesson:3","title":"Means and ends cannot be separated","text":"Hayek argues that economic control is not control of a separate, lesser part of life. Whoever controls the means of satisfying our needs also decides which needs are met. He answers those who said they wanted planning only of material things.","work":"The Road to Serfdom","author":"F. A. Hayek","url":"/works/hayek-the-road-to-serfdom/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hayek-the-road-to-serfdom:lesson:4","title":"Good intentions and unintended results","text":"Hayek does not accuse his opponents of wanting tyranny. He argues that the logic of comprehensive planning would pull even well-meaning governments toward coercion. His critics answered that he exaggerated this logic and underrated democratic checks. The book invites careful thought about how institutions shape outcomes regardless of motives.","work":"The Road to Serfdom","author":"F. A. Hayek","url":"/works/hayek-the-road-to-serfdom/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution:lesson:1","title":"The compact theory of the Union in its own terms","text":"Hayne argues that the Constitution was made by the states, each acting in its sovereign capacity, and that parties to a compact with no common superior must judge for themselves when it is broken. He presents this not as a novelty but as the doctrine of Jefferson and Madison in 1798. Understanding the argument as its defenders understood it is the necessary first step in weighing Webster's reply.","work":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","author":"Robert Y. Hayne","url":"/works/hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution:lesson:2","title":"Affection or interest as the bond of a nation","text":"Hayne objects that debt, tariffs, and land policy tie citizens to the government by money, a bond he says would hold them equally to a despot. He wants a Union held by equal justice and the affections of the people. The argument raises a lasting question about what kind of attachment a free government should seek from its citizens.","work":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","author":"Robert Y. Hayne","url":"/works/hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution:lesson:3","title":"History as argument between the sections","text":"Much of Hayne's speech is a comparison of records: who sacrificed in the Revolution, who supported the War of 1812, who met at Hartford in 1814. He uses this history to show that South Carolina's loyalty cannot be doubted even as it asserts the right of interposition. The speech shows how sectional memory had become a weapon in constitutional debate.","work":"Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)","author":"Robert Y. Hayne","url":"/works/hayne-speech-on-foots-resolution/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"heart-of-darkness:lesson:1","title":"Civilisation is a thin veneer","text":"Kurtz, the most eloquent product of Europe, becomes the most savage. Conrad suggests that restraint is not guaranteed by culture and that empire's rhetoric conceals greed and violence.","work":"Heart of Darkness","author":"Joseph Conrad","url":"/works/heart-of-darkness/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"heart-of-darkness:lesson:2","title":"The limits of the narrator","text":"Marlow's account is shaped by his own blindness, and the Africans remain largely voiceless. A historically careful reading distinguishes Marlow's perceptions from Conrad's narrative design and from the African voices the novella does not supply.","work":"Heart of Darkness","author":"Joseph Conrad","url":"/works/heart-of-darkness/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"heart-of-darkness:lesson:3","title":"The lie that saves","text":"Marlow, who hates lies, tells the Intended a comforting falsehood. The ending asks whether some truths are too dark to deliver.","work":"Heart of Darkness","author":"Joseph Conrad","url":"/works/heart-of-darkness/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"heather-the-fall-of-the-roman-empire:lesson:1","title":"Strength and vulnerability in the same empire","text":"Heather portrays the fourth-century empire as strong, not rotting: its army and tax system worked, and its elites were loyal to Roman ways. Yet its very success shaped its neighbors, who grew larger and better organized through trade, service and war with Rome. The lesson is that great powers alter the world around them in ways that can return upon them.","work":"The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians","author":"Peter Heather","url":"/works/heather-the-fall-of-the-roman-empire/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"heather-the-fall-of-the-roman-empire:lesson:2","title":"The weight of one decision","text":"In 376 the Roman authorities admitted Gothic refugees across the Danube and then mishandled their supply, provoking revolt. Two years later an emperor and his army died at Hadrianople. Heather shows how a crisis of reception, rather than a planned invasion, began a chain of events that the empire never fully reversed.","work":"The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians","author":"Peter Heather","url":"/works/heather-the-fall-of-the-roman-empire/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"heather-the-fall-of-the-roman-empire:lesson:3","title":"Revenue and survival","text":"Heather counts the cost of each lost province in taxes and soldiers. The loss of North Africa to the Vandals in 439 cut off the West's richest revenues, so that the western court could no longer pay the army that defended it. The East, with its wealthy provinces in Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt beyond the invaders' reach, endured.","work":"The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians","author":"Peter Heather","url":"/works/heather-the-fall-of-the-roman-empire/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"heather-the-fall-of-the-roman-empire:lesson:4","title":"A debate among historians","text":"Since Gibbon, historians have argued whether Rome fell from internal decay, Christianity, economic weakness, or outside pressure, and some late-antique historians have preferred to speak of transformation rather than fall. Heather sides firmly with external pressure and with a real collapse in the West, while engaging the other views. The book shows students how historians argue from evidence and answer one another.","work":"The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians","author":"Peter Heather","url":"/works/heather-the-fall-of-the-roman-empire/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hegel-philosophy-of-history:lesson:1","title":"Three ways to write history","text":"Hegel's Introduction distinguishes historians who write from inside events, those who survey the past to draw lessons, and the philosopher who seeks the meaning of the whole. The distinction is still useful for reading Herodotus, Gibbon or a modern textbook.","work":"The Philosophy of History","author":"G. W. F. Hegel","url":"/works/hegel-philosophy-of-history/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hegel-philosophy-of-history:lesson:2","title":"History as the progress of freedom","text":"Hegel's master idea is that history is the story of human beings coming to know and realize their freedom, from one ruler, to a free citizen class, to all persons. He places the turning point in Christianity's teaching that each person has infinite worth before God.","work":"The Philosophy of History","author":"G. W. F. Hegel","url":"/works/hegel-philosophy-of-history/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hegel-philosophy-of-history:lesson:3","title":"Great individuals and larger purposes","text":"Hegel says nothing great is accomplished without passion, and that world-historical individuals like Caesar pursue their own ambitions while carrying forward what their age requires. He calls this the cunning of reason, which uses the passions for ends their bearers do not see.","work":"The Philosophy of History","author":"G. W. F. Hegel","url":"/works/hegel-philosophy-of-history/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hegel-philosophy-of-right:lesson:1","title":"Freedom needs institutions to become real","text":"Hegel's whole book argues that freedom is not just the absence of restraint. The bare ability to choose is only the beginning; freedom becomes actual in property, contract, moral responsibility, and finally in family, civil society and the state. A person is free, on this view, when he finds in the institutions of his common life a rational order he can recognize as his own.","work":"Philosophy of Right","author":"G. W. F. Hegel","url":"/works/hegel-philosophy-of-right/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hegel-philosophy-of-right:lesson:2","title":"Conscience is sacred, but not self-sufficient","text":"In Part Two Hegel honours the modern right of conscience: no one should be held responsible for what he did not knowingly intend. He also warns that conscience treated as pure inner certainty, answerable to no objective good, can justify anything. He looks for a conscience formed by and answerable to an ethical order.","work":"Philosophy of Right","author":"G. W. F. Hegel","url":"/works/hegel-philosophy-of-right/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hegel-philosophy-of-right:lesson:3","title":"The family and the market each need the other and need more","text":"The family is held together by love and the civic community by mutual need. Hegel describes both with sympathy, but shows that each has limits: the family dissolves as children grow, and the market produces great wealth alongside poverty. Courts, public authority and corporations, and finally the state, are meant to hold these spheres together.","work":"Philosophy of Right","author":"G. W. F. Hegel","url":"/works/hegel-philosophy-of-right/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hegel-philosophy-of-right:lesson:4","title":"Philosophy comes after the fact","text":"The Preface closes with the owl of Minerva: philosophy understands a form of life only when it has matured. Hegel thinks the philosopher's task is to comprehend the reason already present in the world, not to draw up utopias. Readers have argued ever since about whether this is wise realism or too ready an acceptance of what exists.","work":"Philosophy of Right","author":"G. W. F. Hegel","url":"/works/hegel-philosophy-of-right/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"heidi:lesson:1","title":"Place can heal","text":"Mountain air, work, and belonging restore Heidi after city homesickness.","work":"Heidi","author":"Johanna Spyri","url":"/works/heidi/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"heidi:lesson:2","title":"An uncle’s thaw","text":"The Alm-Uncle’s hardness yields to a child’s love and to renewed faith.","work":"Heidi","author":"Johanna Spyri","url":"/works/heidi/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"heidi:lesson:3","title":"Faith without cant","text":"Prayer and trust appear as natural speech on the mountain, not as a lecture pasted on.","work":"Heidi","author":"Johanna Spyri","url":"/works/heidi/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"heisenberg-physics-and-philosophy:lesson:1","title":"Observation as participation","text":"In the Copenhagen interpretation the experimenter does not simply look at an atom; the measurement is an interaction that turns a range of possibilities into one actual result. Heisenberg concludes that physics describes nature as it responds to our questions. The lesson is that knowing is an activity with its own conditions, not a passive copying.","work":"Physics and Philosophy","author":"Werner Heisenberg","url":"/works/heisenberg-physics-and-philosophy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"heisenberg-physics-and-philosophy:lesson:2","title":"The ancients and the moderns","text":"Heisenberg reads the Greek philosophers as partners in present inquiry. Democritus gave physics the atom, but Plato's idea that the smallest units are mathematical forms seemed to him closer to the truth of modern particles. The history of ideas becomes a resource for current science.","work":"Physics and Philosophy","author":"Werner Heisenberg","url":"/works/heisenberg-physics-and-philosophy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"heisenberg-physics-and-philosophy:lesson:3","title":"The limits of language","text":"The concepts of classical physics and ordinary speech were formed for everyday experience, and they fit the atomic world only partly. Yet Heisenberg insists that experiments must be described in those concepts, and that plain language remains the test of understanding. Science must speak clearly while knowing its words are approximate.","work":"Physics and Philosophy","author":"Werner Heisenberg","url":"/works/heisenberg-physics-and-philosophy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"heisenberg-physics-and-philosophy:lesson:4","title":"A disputed interpretation","text":"Heisenberg devotes a chapter to the critics of the Copenhagen view, from Einstein's hope for a complete objective description to Bohm's hidden variables, and answers them. The debate over how to interpret quantum mechanics remains open among physicists and philosophers. Reading him well means hearing both sides.","work":"Physics and Philosophy","author":"Werner Heisenberg","url":"/works/heisenberg-physics-and-philosophy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"helvering-v-davis:lesson:1","title":"Hamilton and Madison on the general welfare","text":"The Constitution lets Congress tax to provide for the general welfare. Madison read the phrase as a summary of the enumerated powers that follow; Hamilton read it as an independent power to spend for national purposes. Cardozo accepted Hamilton's view, as Story had, while keeping a judicial check against arbitrary choices.","work":"Helvering v. Davis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/helvering-v-davis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"helvering-v-davis:lesson:2","title":"Who decides what is general?","text":"Cardozo held that the line between particular and general welfare must be drawn, but that Congress draws it unless its choice is clearly wrong. Critics of this deference argue that it leaves almost no judicial limit on federal spending; defenders reply that such questions of policy are suited to elected representatives.","work":"Helvering v. Davis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/helvering-v-davis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"helvering-v-davis:lesson:3","title":"Federalism and the race among the states","text":"Cardozo argued that a state which taxed its employers to pay pensions would put them at a disadvantage and might attract the aged from other states, so that local action alone could not solve the problem. The dissenters saw the act instead as federal entry into a field the Tenth Amendment reserved to the states.","work":"Helvering v. Davis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/helvering-v-davis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"helvering-v-davis:lesson:4","title":"Power, not wisdom","text":"Cardozo stressed that the Court's task was to decide whether Congress had power, not whether the plan was wise. The distinction recurs throughout constitutional law and asks students to separate their judgment of a policy from their judgment of its legality.","work":"Helvering v. Davis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/helvering-v-davis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hempel-philosophy-of-natural-science:lesson:1","title":"Facts do not arrange themselves","text":"Hempel argues that no one could make progress by first collecting all the facts and only then looking for patterns, because without a hypothesis one does not know which facts are relevant. Semmelweis needed a guess about what killed the women before he knew what to observe. Imagination begins inquiry; testing disciplines it.","work":"Philosophy of Natural Science","author":"Carl G. Hempel","url":"/works/hempel-philosophy-of-natural-science/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hempel-philosophy-of-natural-science:lesson:2","title":"A test can refute more than it can prove","text":"If a hypothesis predicts something that does not happen, it is in trouble; if the prediction succeeds, the hypothesis is supported but not proved, because some other hypothesis might have predicted the same thing. Hempel teaches students to see the asymmetry and to ask how much support a successful test really gives.","work":"Philosophy of Natural Science","author":"Carl G. Hempel","url":"/works/hempel-philosophy-of-natural-science/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hempel-philosophy-of-natural-science:lesson:3","title":"To explain is to show why it had to happen","text":"On Hempel's covering-law model, explaining an event means showing that it follows from general laws together with particular conditions. The model makes explanation and prediction two sides of the same reasoning. Later philosophers questioned whether every explanation fits this form, and Hempel himself refined it.","work":"Philosophy of Natural Science","author":"Carl G. Hempel","url":"/works/hempel-philosophy-of-natural-science/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hempel-philosophy-of-natural-science:lesson:4","title":"The cost of an idea before its time","text":"Semmelweis reasoned well and saved many lives, yet his conclusion was resisted for years. Hempel's chapter shows the method that led to the right answer; the history around it shows that method alone does not guarantee acceptance.","work":"Philosophy of Natural Science","author":"Carl G. Hempel","url":"/works/hempel-philosophy-of-natural-science/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"henry-iv-part-1:lesson:1","title":"Redeeming the time","text":"Hal's soliloquy in Act 1, Scene 2 tells the audience that he will throw off his idle life when it will shine brightest. The play keeps asking whether this is wisdom, calculation or a young man's excuse, and it lets Hal prove himself only at Shrewsbury. Reformation is promised early and earned late.","work":"Henry IV, Part 1","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-iv-part-1/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"henry-iv-part-1:lesson:2","title":"Three views of honour","text":"Hotspur would leap to the moon for honour; Falstaff calls it a word and air that cannot set a leg; Hal takes Hotspur's honours from him but gives his dead rival a noble farewell. Shakespeare sets the three side by side and lets the audience judge.","work":"Henry IV, Part 1","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-iv-part-1/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"henry-iv-part-1:lesson:3","title":"Fathers and sons","text":"The king wishes Hotspur were his son, and Northumberland fails his son at the decisive hour. In Act 3, Scene 2 father and son speak openly at last, and at Shrewsbury Hal saves his father's life. The play is a family drama inside a civil war.","work":"Henry IV, Part 1","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-iv-part-1/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"henry-iv-part-1:lesson:4","title":"Truth and counterfeits","text":"Falstaff's men in buckram multiply, the rebels quarrel over a map, Douglas kills men dressed as the king, and Falstaff counterfeits death. Against all these false shows Hotspur's plain motto is to tell truth and shame the devil. The play is full of the gap between appearance and reality.","work":"Henry IV, Part 1","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-iv-part-1/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"henry-v:lesson:1","title":"The burden of command","text":"The night scene shows Henry hearing a soldier argue that a king answers for the souls of men he leads into war. Henry replies that each subject's soul is his own, then feels the weight of rule alone. Shakespeare gives kingship both its grandeur and its cost.","work":"Henry V","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-v/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"henry-v:lesson:2","title":"Words that make men brave","text":"The Harfleur and St. Crispin's Day speeches show leadership by rhetoric: Henry makes common soldiers his brothers and turns fewness into honor. The play invites students to study how speech forms a company.","work":"Henry V","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-v/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"henry-v:lesson:3","title":"Justice without favor","text":"Henry sentences the traitors without pity for his friend Scroop and allows Bardolph, an old companion, to be hanged for sacrilege. The play shows a king who has put away the private loyalties of his youth.","work":"Henry V","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-v/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"henry-v:lesson:4","title":"Victory given to God","text":"After Agincourt Henry forbids boasting and orders Non nobis and Te Deum. The play presents gratitude and humility as the right response to success in a just cause.","work":"Henry V","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/henry-v/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hepburn-v-griswold:lesson:1","title":"Implied powers and the limits of necessity","text":"Both Chase and Miller claim Marshall's McCulloch opinion. Chase reads its test as requiring a real fit between means and an express power, plus consistency with the spirit of the Constitution; Miller reads it as leaving the degree of necessity to Congress. The case shows how one precedent can support opposite conclusions.","work":"Hepburn v. Griswold","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/hepburn-v-griswold/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hepburn-v-griswold:lesson:2","title":"What is money?","text":"Chase's opinion contains a short lesson in monetary theory: coin has value in itself, while paper promises depend on confidence and the prospect of redemption. Miller answers that legal tender status gave the notes a steady use in paying debts that kept them from collapse.","work":"Hepburn v. Griswold","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/hepburn-v-griswold/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hepburn-v-griswold:lesson:3","title":"Contracts, creditors and the meaning of property","text":"Chase treats a debt payable in dollars as property whose value Congress cannot cut by statute, comparing the act to forcing a buyer of a hundred acres to accept fifty. The argument links the Contract Clause, which binds only the states, to the Fifth Amendment's due process guarantee against Congress.","work":"Hepburn v. Griswold","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/hepburn-v-griswold/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hepburn-v-griswold:lesson:4","title":"Judging in calmer times","text":"Chase admits that the act was passed in a season of emergency and that many, perhaps including himself, have since changed their minds. Miller replies that the history of that gloomy time vindicates Congress. The opinions invite reflection on how emergencies should affect constitutional judgment.","work":"Hepburn v. Griswold","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/hepburn-v-griswold/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"herrin-byzantium:lesson:1","title":"A civilization in its own right","text":"Herrin presents Byzantium not as a decadent sequel to Rome but as a long-lived Christian empire with its own art, law, learning and statecraft. The chapter format lets readers meet it through concrete things such as a mosaic, a weapon or a coin.","work":"Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire","author":"Judith Herrin","url":"/works/herrin-byzantium/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"herrin-byzantium:lesson:2","title":"Images and faith","text":"The chapters on icons and iconoclasm show a society arguing seriously about whether holy images honour or offend God, with emperors, monks and theologians on both sides. The restoration of icons in 843 shaped Orthodox worship ever after.","work":"Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire","author":"Judith Herrin","url":"/works/herrin-byzantium/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"herrin-byzantium:lesson:3","title":"The shield of the West","text":"Herrin argues that Byzantium's long defence against Persians, Arabs and later Turks gave western Europe time to develop. Some historians weigh this claim differently, but it frames the empire as central rather than peripheral to European history.","work":"Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire","author":"Judith Herrin","url":"/works/herrin-byzantium/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"herrin-byzantium:lesson:4","title":"East and West divided","text":"The chapters on the Crusades, 1204 and the debate over church union show how Latin and Greek Christians came to distrust each other, a division whose consequences outlasted the empire.","work":"Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire","author":"Judith Herrin","url":"/works/herrin-byzantium/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days:lesson:1","title":"Order won out of conflict","text":"The Theogony presents the cosmos as a story of succession: Heaven is overthrown by Cronos, and Cronos by Zeus, until Zeus ends the cycle by swallowing Metis and sharing honours among the gods. For Hesiod, the present order of the world is good because it rests on Zeus's victory and his fair distribution of rights.","work":"Theogony and Works and Days","author":"Hesiod","url":"/works/hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days:lesson:2","title":"Work as the road to goodness","text":"Works and Days answers Perses' greed with a theology of labour: the gods have hidden the means of life, so men must earn their bread by toil in the right season. Hesiod turns farming into a moral discipline, in which diligence, foresight and good neighbourliness are the marks of a just man.","work":"Theogony and Works and Days","author":"Hesiod","url":"/works/hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days:lesson:3","title":"Justice and the crooked judges","text":"Hesiod complains of lords who swallow bribes and give crooked judgements, but he insists that Justice is the daughter of Zeus and that the city that judges straightly will flourish. The fable of the hawk and the nightingale shows the claim of mere strength, which the poem then rejects for men, though it allows it among beasts.","work":"Theogony and Works and Days","author":"Hesiod","url":"/works/hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days:lesson:4","title":"Hope, decline and the human condition","text":"The stories of Pandora and the five races explain why life is hard: evils and diseases have been loosed upon the earth, and the iron race lives by toil and sorrow. Yet Hope stays within the jar, and Hesiod says even the iron age will have some good mingled with its evils.","work":"Theogony and Works and Days","author":"Hesiod","url":"/works/hesiod-theogony-and-works-and-days/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hippocratic-writings:lesson:1","title":"Observation precedes theory","text":"The Corpus repeatedly values the disciplined noticing of symptoms over showy speculation. It teaches that clinical knowledge begins in repeated attention to individual bodies, seasons and outcomes.","work":"Hippocratic Writings","author":"Hippocrates","url":"/works/hippocratic-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hippocratic-writings:lesson:2","title":"Natural explanation can be humane","text":"Treating epilepsy, fever or delirium as natural does not make suffering less serious. It can reduce blame and ritual fear while increasing the physician’s obligation to understand.","work":"Hippocratic Writings","author":"Hippocrates","url":"/works/hippocratic-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hippocratic-writings:lesson:3","title":"Ethics is part of technique","text":"The Oath makes trust, confidentiality and restraint integral to healing, not decorative virtues added afterward. Professional power enters private houses and must be governed.","work":"Hippocratic Writings","author":"Hippocrates","url":"/works/hippocratic-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"homer-price:lesson:1","title":"Common sense in a crisis","text":"When the doughnut machine runs wild and the bracelet goes missing, the grown-ups fret while Homer thinks. His sign offering a prize for the bracelet inside a doughnut solves both problems at once. The story shows that a calm mind looking for a simple answer can beat panic and fancy schemes.","work":"Homer Price","author":"Robert McCloskey","url":"/works/homer-price/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"homer-price:lesson:2","title":"Machines that run ahead of people","text":"Uncle Ulysses buys every labor-saving device, and in Wheels of Progress he helps build a whole neighborhood the way factories build cars. McCloskey laughs at what happens when no one can stop the doughnut machine, or tell one new house from the next. New inventions are fun, but they still need wise people in charge of them.","work":"Homer Price","author":"Robert McCloskey","url":"/works/homer-price/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"homer-price:lesson:3","title":"Heroes and ordinary people","text":"Freddy believes the Super-Duper can do anything, until he sees him stuck in a barbed-wire fence after swerving to miss a skunk. Meanwhile Homer, an ordinary boy, really does catch four robbers with a pet skunk and some quick thinking. The book gently teaches children to admire real courage and good sense more than costumes and posters.","work":"Homer Price","author":"Robert McCloskey","url":"/works/homer-price/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"homer-price:lesson:4","title":"Judging a stranger","text":"The townspeople stare at Michael Murphy's long beard and the sheriff tries to judge him by his ears, but Homer gets to know him and learns that he is a harmless, hardworking inventor. The story pokes fun at suspicion built on looks.","work":"Homer Price","author":"Robert McCloskey","url":"/works/homer-price/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"homeric-hymns:lesson:1","title":"A mother's grief and the seasons","text":"The Hymn to Demeter ties the yearly cycle of growth and barrenness to a mother's loss and partial recovery of her child. Even the gods must accept a compromise: Persephone returns, but the pomegranate seed binds her to the underworld for a third of the year.","work":"The Homeric Hymns","author":"Anonymous (Homeric)","url":"/works/homeric-hymns/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"homeric-hymns:lesson:2","title":"Immortality is not enough","text":"Aphrodite's story of Tithonus, who was granted endless life but not endless youth, teaches that a gift without wisdom can be a curse. Demeter's failed attempt to make Demophoon deathless makes a similar point about the boundary between gods and mortals.","work":"The Homeric Hymns","author":"Anonymous (Homeric)","url":"/works/homeric-hymns/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"homeric-hymns:lesson:3","title":"Wit and reconciliation","text":"The Hymn to Hermes shows a newborn god who wins his place on Olympus by invention, cunning and finally generosity. The quarrel between brothers ends not with punishment but with an exchange of gifts that gives each god his proper honours.","work":"The Homeric Hymns","author":"Anonymous (Homeric)","url":"/works/homeric-hymns/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"homeric-hymns:lesson:4","title":"The singer and his song","text":"Several hymns reflect on poetry itself: the blind man of Chios asks the Delian maidens to remember him, Hermes' first song is about the gods' origins, and Hymn XXV says that singers come from the Muses and Apollo. Greek religion here is inseparable from performance and memory.","work":"The Homeric Hymns","author":"Anonymous (Homeric)","url":"/works/homeric-hymns/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"homilies-on-the-gospel-of-john:lesson:1","title":"Signs ask to be read beyond themselves","text":"Augustine teaches that visible events can become transparent to deeper reality. The danger is either refusing the sign or clinging to it without following its direction.","work":"Homilies on the Gospel of John","author":"Augustine of Hippo","url":"/works/homilies-on-the-gospel-of-john/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"homilies-on-the-gospel-of-john:lesson:2","title":"Desire needs reordering","text":"The homilies treat human longing as powerful but misdirected. Healing comes not from suppressing desire but from teaching it what to love.","work":"Homilies on the Gospel of John","author":"Augustine of Hippo","url":"/works/homilies-on-the-gospel-of-john/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"homilies-on-the-gospel-of-john:lesson:3","title":"Weakness can become pastoral knowledge","text":"Peter's denial and restoration let Augustine speak of failure without despair. The fallen disciple becomes a shepherd precisely through humbled dependence.","work":"Homilies on the Gospel of John","author":"Augustine of Hippo","url":"/works/homilies-on-the-gospel-of-john/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"homilies-on-the-statues:lesson:1","title":"Public fear needs interpretation","text":"Chrysostom treats civic panic as something that can be shaped by speech. The preacher's task is not to deny danger, but to give fear a moral and communal frame.","work":"Homilies on the Statues","author":"John Chrysostom","url":"/works/homilies-on-the-statues/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"homilies-on-the-statues:lesson:2","title":"Language can inflame a city","text":"The sermons insist that careless words are not harmless. Oaths, rumors, and insults are presented as social forces capable of turning grievance into disaster.","work":"Homilies on the Statues","author":"John Chrysostom","url":"/works/homilies-on-the-statues/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"homilies-on-the-statues:lesson:3","title":"Repentance is imagined as treatment","text":"Chrysostom's pastoral method often uses the language of sickness and cure. This makes sin concrete and treatable, but it can also medicalize moral failure in ways that deserve scrutiny.","work":"Homilies on the Statues","author":"John Chrysostom","url":"/works/homilies-on-the-statues/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity:lesson:1","title":"Law as a ladder from God to the city","text":"Hooker does not begin with the disputed question of bishops but with the nature of law itself, tracing a single idea of ordered action from God's own being through the stars, the angels, human reason and political societies. By setting the controversy inside this larger order, he invites his readers to judge it calmly by first principles rather than by party feeling.","work":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","author":"Richard Hooker","url":"/works/hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity:lesson:2","title":"Reason and Scripture as partners","text":"Hooker holds that God teaches both by the light of reason and by revelation. Scripture contains truths reason could never reach and is sufficient for salvation, but it also presupposes and restates natural law, and it does not prescribe every detail of church order. The Christian must therefore use reason, consent and tradition in matters Scripture leaves open.","work":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","author":"Richard Hooker","url":"/works/hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity:lesson:3","title":"Consent and the authority of human laws","text":"In Book I, chapter X, Hooker argues that political societies arise by agreement and that human laws bind because public approbation has made them, whether the people consent directly or through those authorized to act for them. Later writers, John Locke among them, quoted this chapter with approval.","work":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","author":"Richard Hooker","url":"/works/hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity:lesson:4","title":"Charity in controversy","text":"The Preface is a model of earnest disagreement: Hooker praises Calvin, calls his opponents brethren, admits that their zeal first made him think they must have strong reasons, and asks them to weigh what is spoken rather than who speaks. Students can study how he joins firm conviction to courtesy.","work":"Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)","author":"Richard Hooker","url":"/works/hooker-laws-of-ecclesiastical-polity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"house-divided-speech:lesson:1","title":"Naming the real question","text":"Lincoln's opening refuses the comfortable idea that the slavery question could be managed forever by compromise and indifference. He insists the nation must eventually decide what it is, and that a policy of not caring is itself a choice that favors slavery's spread.","work":"House Divided Speech","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/house-divided-speech/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"house-divided-speech:lesson:2","title":"Building a case from circumstantial evidence","text":"Lincoln cannot prove that Douglas, Pierce, Taney, and Buchanan conspired, and he says so. Instead he lays out the sequence of events and lets the fit of the pieces, like timbers framed for one building, persuade his hearers that they share a common plan.","work":"House Divided Speech","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/house-divided-speech/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"house-divided-speech:lesson:3","title":"Principle over convenient allies","text":"Some Republicans wanted to back Douglas because he had broken with Buchanan over Lecompton. Lincoln argues that a temporary ally who does not share the principle cannot be trusted with the cause, and that a party must be led by those whose hearts are in the work.","work":"House Divided Speech","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/house-divided-speech/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"huizinga-the-waning-of-the-middle-ages:lesson:1","title":"History as the study of forms of life","text":"Huizinga writes history not as a chain of political events but as a portrait of how people felt, imagined and expressed themselves: their ceremonies, ideals, fears and images. The book asks readers to enter the sensibility of another age before judging it.","work":"The Waning of the Middle Ages","author":"Johan Huizinga","url":"/works/huizinga-the-waning-of-the-middle-ages/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"huizinga-the-waning-of-the-middle-ages:lesson:2","title":"Ideals that shape conduct","text":"Chivalry, in Huizinga's account, rarely governed politics or warfare in practice, yet it was more than empty show: it was a dream of a nobler life that gave form to manners, vows and art. He treats it as a serious ideal while noting the distance between dream and deed.","work":"The Waning of the Middle Ages","author":"Johan Huizinga","url":"/works/huizinga-the-waning-of-the-middle-ages/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"huizinga-the-waning-of-the-middle-ages:lesson:3","title":"Autumn rather than spring","text":"Huizinga's central claim is that the fifteenth century in the north should be read as the end of medieval civilization rather than the beginning of the Renaissance. The van Eycks, often seen as harbingers of the new, appear in his account as perfecting the old. Historians since have debated how far this picture holds.","work":"The Waning of the Middle Ages","author":"Johan Huizinga","url":"/works/huizinga-the-waning-of-the-middle-ages/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"huizinga-the-waning-of-the-middle-ages:lesson:4","title":"Faith in images","text":"Huizinga describes a religious culture in which every object and action pointed to the sacred, producing both profound devotion and a risk of habit and formula. He sets beside this the inward piety of the Devotio Moderna and the mystics.","work":"The Waning of the Middle Ages","author":"Johan Huizinga","url":"/works/huizinga-the-waning-of-the-middle-ages/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"humboldts-gift:lesson:1","title":"America and the poet","text":"Humboldt's collapse is presented as partly personal and partly the fate of a poet in a country that worships money and celebrity. Bellow asks what place art and spirit have in a commercial culture.","work":"Humboldt's Gift","author":"Saul Bellow","url":"/works/humboldts-gift/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"humboldts-gift:lesson:2","title":"Guilt and repair","text":"Charlie avoided his dying friend and lives with that failure. The novel's ending, with its reburial, suggests that some debts to the dead can still be paid.","work":"Humboldt's Gift","author":"Saul Bellow","url":"/works/humboldts-gift/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"humboldts-gift:lesson:3","title":"Comedy and metaphysics","text":"Bellow mixes slapstick about smashed cars and lawsuits with meditation on death and the soul. The novel insists that big questions arise in messy ordinary lives.","work":"Humboldt's Gift","author":"Saul Bellow","url":"/works/humboldts-gift/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hume-political-essays:lesson:1","title":"All government rests on opinion","text":"Hume notices that the governed always have more force than their rulers, so obedience must rest on what people believe: that a government serves the common interest and that it holds power and property by right. Even despots must lead their guards by opinion. This makes custom, history and belief central to politics.","work":"Essays, Moral and Political (selection)","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/hume-political-essays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hume-political-essays:lesson:2","title":"Design institutions for knaves","text":"In Of the Independency of Parliament Hume repeats the maxim that a constitution should assume every man is a knave governed by private interest, and then use that interest to serve the public good. Good institutions do not rely on good men, though Hume adds that the maxim is true in politics even if false in fact of individuals.","work":"Essays, Moral and Political (selection)","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/hume-political-essays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hume-political-essays:lesson:3","title":"Faction is the enemy of law","text":"Hume honours lawgivers as the greatest of men and blames founders of factions, whose quarrels set fellow citizens against each other. He finds factions based on speculative principles, especially religious ones, the most violent, since each side cannot bear to see others think differently.","work":"Essays, Moral and Political (selection)","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/hume-political-essays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"hume-political-essays:lesson:4","title":"Temper shapes belief and happiness","text":"Two essays trace beliefs and moods to the condition of the mind: superstition to fear and melancholy, enthusiasm to bold and elevated spirits, and unhappiness to an uncontrolled delicacy of passion. Hume's remedy in each case is a calmer, cultivated temper.","work":"Essays, Moral and Political (selection)","author":"David Hume","url":"/works/hume-political-essays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"huxley-wilberforce-debate:lesson:1","title":"History and legend","text":"No transcript of the exchange exists, and the best-known versions were written down years or decades later by people who wanted to remember it a certain way. The episode is a lesson in how to weigh witnesses, dates and motives before repeating a famous story.","work":"The Huxley-Wilberforce Debate","author":"Thomas Henry Huxley and Samuel Wilberforce","url":"/works/huxley-wilberforce-debate/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"huxley-wilberforce-debate:lesson:2","title":"Scientific objection in its own terms","text":"Wilberforce's Quarterly Review essay argued on scientific grounds: the fixity of species in breeding, gaps in the fossil record and the limits of variation. Darwin took the review seriously and called it uncommonly clever, and some of its questions were ones the theory's defenders were still working to answer.","work":"The Huxley-Wilberforce Debate","author":"Thomas Henry Huxley and Samuel Wilberforce","url":"/works/huxley-wilberforce-debate/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"huxley-wilberforce-debate:lesson:3","title":"Ridicule and reasoned answer","text":"Both principal speakers are remembered for a clever turn as much as for an argument. The bishop's jest and Huxley's reply show the power and the risk of wit in a public exchange about a serious question.","work":"The Huxley-Wilberforce Debate","author":"Thomas Henry Huxley and Samuel Wilberforce","url":"/works/huxley-wilberforce-debate/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"huxley-wilberforce-debate:lesson:4","title":"Science and faith: conflict or conversation?","text":"The meeting was later used to illustrate an inevitable war between science and religion, notably after Draper's own History of the Conflict between Religion and Science (1874). Many historians now argue that the participants' relations were more varied: there were clergy who accepted evolution and scientists who rejected it, and Christians in the audience on both sides.","work":"The Huxley-Wilberforce Debate","author":"Thomas Henry Huxley and Samuel Wilberforce","url":"/works/huxley-wilberforce-debate/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"huygens-treatise-on-light:lesson:1","title":"Confirmation by consequences","text":"Huygens admits in the preface that his principles cannot be proved as in geometry; they are verified by how well their consequences match the phenomena. His treatment of Iceland crystal shows the method at work: an hypothesis of spheroidal waves is tested against measurements and against new cuts of the crystal.","work":"Treatise on Light","author":"Christiaan Huygens","url":"/works/huygens-treatise-on-light/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"huygens-treatise-on-light:lesson:2","title":"Reasoning by analogy","text":"Huygens builds his account of light on the spreading of sound in air and the circles formed in water when a stone is thrown in. He also marks where the analogy fails, arguing that light and sound must travel in different media. A good analogy suggests a theory without replacing the evidence for it.","work":"Treatise on Light","author":"Christiaan Huygens","url":"/works/huygens-treatise-on-light/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"huygens-treatise-on-light:lesson:3","title":"Reporting what one cannot explain","text":"At the end of the Iceland crystal chapter Huygens describes a phenomenon with two crystals that his theory cannot account for and leaves it to others. The puzzle was later understood as polarization. His candour shows that honest science records its anomalies.","work":"Treatise on Light","author":"Christiaan Huygens","url":"/works/huygens-treatise-on-light/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"i-am-prepared-to-die:lesson:1","title":"A trial can become testimony","text":"Mandela uses the dock to reverse the moral direction of judgment. The state prosecutes him, but his speech puts apartheid itself on trial.","work":"I Am Prepared to Die","author":"Nelson Mandela","url":"/works/i-am-prepared-to-die/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"i-am-prepared-to-die:lesson:2","title":"Strategy must answer conditions","text":"The speech argues that resistance methods changed because political conditions changed. Mandela asks readers to judge tactics within a structure of closed lawful avenues.","work":"I Am Prepared to Die","author":"Nelson Mandela","url":"/works/i-am-prepared-to-die/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"i-am-prepared-to-die:lesson:3","title":"Moral clarity can be disciplined","text":"The speech is passionate but controlled. Its force comes from careful explanation as much as from courage.","work":"I Am Prepared to Die","author":"Nelson Mandela","url":"/works/i-am-prepared-to-die/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"i-have-a-dream:lesson:1","title":"Holding a nation to its own promise","text":"King does not ask America to adopt new principles; he asks it to honor the ones it already professes in the Declaration and the Constitution. The promissory-note metaphor frames civil rights as a debt owed under the nation's founding creed, which makes his appeal one of fidelity rather than revolution.","work":"I Have a Dream","author":"Martin Luther King Jr.","url":"/works/i-have-a-dream/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"i-have-a-dream:lesson:2","title":"Righteous urgency without hatred","text":"In one stretch of the speech King both insists that justice cannot wait and warns his followers against bitterness and physical force. He asks for a movement that is impatient with wrong yet charitable toward people, including the white Americans who had come to march.","work":"I Have a Dream","author":"Martin Luther King Jr.","url":"/works/i-have-a-dream/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"i-have-a-dream:lesson:3","title":"Prophetic vision in the language of Scripture","text":"The second half of the speech is shaped like a sermon. Its refrain, its quotation of Amos and Isaiah, and its closing spiritual draw on the Black church tradition in which King was trained, and they present racial reconciliation as part of God's purpose rather than only a political program.","work":"I Have a Dream","author":"Martin Luther King Jr.","url":"/works/i-have-a-dream/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"i-will-fight-no-more-forever:lesson:1","title":"Strength in laying down arms","text":"Joseph's speech is a surrender, yet it has been remembered for over a century as an act of dignity. He does not boast or curse; he names what has been lost and decides for the sake of the living. The speech shows that courage can take the form of ending a fight that can no longer protect the people it was meant to protect.","work":"I Will Fight No More Forever","author":"Chief Joseph","url":"/works/i-will-fight-no-more-forever/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"i-will-fight-no-more-forever:lesson:2","title":"A leader measured by the weakest","text":"Almost every sentence after the opening concerns others: dead chiefs, old men, young men, freezing children, families lost in the hills. Joseph's authority in the speech comes from his attention to those who cannot protect themselves, and his final wish is not for terms but for time to find his children.","work":"I Will Fight No More Forever","author":"Chief Joseph","url":"/works/i-will-fight-no-more-forever/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"i-will-fight-no-more-forever:lesson:3","title":"Words carried across languages","text":"The speech was spoken in Nez Perce, passed through an interpreter, written down by an army officer, and printed in two slightly different versions. Readers learn to ask how a text reached them and to read with care when a famous speech exists only in translation and transcription.","work":"I Will Fight No More Forever","author":"Chief Joseph","url":"/works/i-will-fight-no-more-forever/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ibn-battuta-travels:lesson:1","title":"A connected world of faith and law","text":"Ibn Battuta moves from Morocco to Delhi without ever being wholly a foreigner, because mosques, colleges, Sufi lodges and the courts of Islamic law spread a shared culture across thousands of miles. His welcome as a scholar shows how learning itself served as a passport in the fourteenth-century Dar al-Islam.","work":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","author":"Ibn Battuta","url":"/works/ibn-battuta-travels/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ibn-battuta-travels:lesson:2","title":"Travel guided by holy men","text":"The journey is shaped by encounters with saints and Sufi masters: Burhan al-Din's prophecy, al-Murshidi's interpretation of the dream, the shrines of Damascus and Hebron. Ibn Battuta presents travel as both curiosity and devotion.","work":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","author":"Ibn Battuta","url":"/works/ibn-battuta-travels/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ibn-battuta-travels:lesson:3","title":"Observing others honestly","text":"Ibn Battuta records customs that surprise him, such as the unveiled and highly respected Turkish women of the steppe, Byzantine court ceremonies and Indian postal couriers, and judges them by his own law and taste. Readers can learn both from what he saw and from how a medieval Muslim scholar framed it.","work":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","author":"Ibn Battuta","url":"/works/ibn-battuta-travels/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ibn-battuta-travels:lesson:4","title":"A book shaped by many hands","text":"The Rihla was dictated years after the events, polished by Ibn Juzayy, abridged by al-Bailuni and translated by Lee from that abridgement. Each stage added or removed something, and scholars debate whether some journeys, such as the trip to Bulgar, really took place as told.","work":"The Travels of Ibn Battuta","author":"Ibn Battuta","url":"/works/ibn-battuta-travels/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ibn-khaldun-muqaddimah:lesson:1","title":"Testing reports by the nature of things","text":"Ibn Khaldun argues that a historian must ask whether a report is possible before asking who reported it, using knowledge of how societies actually work. His method joins the traditional criticism of transmitters with a new criticism of content.","work":"The Muqaddimah","author":"Ibn Khaldun","url":"/works/ibn-khaldun-muqaddimah/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ibn-khaldun-muqaddimah:lesson:2","title":"Solidarity builds and luxury dissolves","text":"Group feeling gives a hardy people the cohesion to win power; settled rule brings wealth, comfort and reliance on paid troops, which weaken that cohesion until a new group with stronger solidarity takes over. The cycle is presented as a pattern of human nature rather than a moral fable alone.","work":"The Muqaddimah","author":"Ibn Khaldun","url":"/works/ibn-khaldun-muqaddimah/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ibn-khaldun-muqaddimah:lesson:3","title":"Religion and social power","text":"Ibn Khaldun holds that religion can unite a people beyond kinship and multiply the strength of group feeling, as in the early Islamic conquests, but that religious appeals without group feeling rarely succeed. He treats faith as both true and socially powerful.","work":"The Muqaddimah","author":"Ibn Khaldun","url":"/works/ibn-khaldun-muqaddimah/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ibn-khaldun-muqaddimah:lesson:4","title":"Labour, taxes and prosperity","text":"Chapters 3 and 5 contain arguments that gain arises from labour and that heavy taxation discourages enterprise and lowers revenue. Later economists have noted these passages, though Ibn Khaldun wrote within his own framework of dynasty and civilization.","work":"The Muqaddimah","author":"Ibn Khaldun","url":"/works/ibn-khaldun-muqaddimah/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"if-kipling:lesson:1","title":"Equanimity before fortune","text":"Calling Triumph and Disaster two impostors means that neither tells the truth about a person's worth. Success flatters and failure accuses, and the poem asks the son to be moved by neither. The same steadiness governs his response to blame, lies, and hatred in the first stanza.","work":"If—","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/if-kipling/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"if-kipling:lesson:2","title":"Rebuilding after loss","text":"Two pictures of loss stand at the center of the poem: the life's work broken and rebuilt with worn-out tools, and the whole stake lost on a single toss. In both the son is asked to begin again quietly, without self-pity, which the poem treats as a sterner test than winning.","work":"If—","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/if-kipling/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"if-kipling:lesson:3","title":"Manhood as a balance of opposites","text":"Almost every condition pairs two extremes: trust yourself but allow for doubt, dream but do not be ruled by dreams, walk with Kings but keep the common touch, care for all men but none too much. The man the poem describes is defined less by any single virtue than by holding these in balance, much as Aristotle placed virtue in a mean.","work":"If—","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/if-kipling/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"in-flanders-fields:lesson:1","title":"The dead are owed fidelity","text":"The third stanza turns remembrance into obligation: the living are asked not only to grieve but to keep faith with those who died. McCrae's poem treats a promise to the dead as binding, a conviction that shaped how the war was remembered and fought.","work":"In Flanders Fields","author":"John McCrae","url":"/works/in-flanders-fields/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"in-flanders-fields:lesson:2","title":"Ordinary lives behind the crosses","text":"In four short lines the dead name what they have lost: dawn, sunset, love given and received. By listing simple goods instead of heroic deeds, McCrae makes each cross stand for a whole human life.","work":"In Flanders Fields","author":"John McCrae","url":"/works/in-flanders-fields/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"in-flanders-fields:lesson:3","title":"Nature continuing amid war","text":"Poppies grow and larks sing in a landscape of graves and guns. The poem neither sentimentalizes nature nor denies war; it sets them side by side, and the poppy that grows over the dead became the emblem by which they are remembered.","work":"In Flanders Fields","author":"John McCrae","url":"/works/in-flanders-fields/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"in-patagonia:lesson:1","title":"Restlessness as human nature","text":"Chatwin believed that humans are naturally wanderers. The book tests this idea through the lives of exiles, adventurers and settlers.","work":"In Patagonia","author":"Bruce Chatwin","url":"/works/in-patagonia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"in-patagonia:lesson:2","title":"Truth in travel writing","text":"Chatwin's mixture of fact and invention raises questions about the ethics of writing about real people. The book invites readers to ask what they expect from non-fiction.","work":"In Patagonia","author":"Bruce Chatwin","url":"/works/in-patagonia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"in-patagonia:lesson:3","title":"The fragment as form","text":"The book's 97 short chapters move like a journey, each a fragment. It shows how structure can mirror experience.","work":"In Patagonia","author":"Bruce Chatwin","url":"/works/in-patagonia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl:lesson:1","title":"A mother's endurance","text":"Linda's flight and her seven years in the garret are undertaken for Benny and Ellen. She chooses darkness, cold and cramped limbs over a life in which her children would be raised in slavery, and she watches them through a hole bored in the wall. The book honors the self-sacrifice of mothers and the strength of family bonds that slavery could not break.","work":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","author":"Harriet A. Jacobs","url":"/works/incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl:lesson:2","title":"Faith tested and kept","text":"Aunt Martha's trust in God steadies the family through every loss. Linda distinguishes true Christianity from the religion of slaveholding churches, and she records her own struggles to pray and to forgive. Faith in the book is not easy comfort; it is held through sorrow and doubt.","work":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","author":"Harriet A. Jacobs","url":"/works/incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl:lesson:3","title":"Telling the truth with restraint","text":"Jacobs changed names to protect others and wrote of her most painful choices with shame and honesty, asking her readers, especially Northern women, to understand rather than condemn. Her reticence is itself a form of dignity, and her frankness was a moral act meant to move readers to oppose slavery and the return of fugitives.","work":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","author":"Harriet A. Jacobs","url":"/works/incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl:lesson:4","title":"Freedom and home","text":"Linda's freedom is bought by a friend, and she is grateful yet grieved that a human being should be sold in New York. She ends by saying her story ends with freedom, not marriage, and that she still longs for a hearth of her own. Freedom is the beginning, not the end, of a life rebuilt.","work":"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl","author":"Harriet A. Jacobs","url":"/works/incidents-in-the-life-of-a-slave-girl/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"instructions-for-his-generals:lesson:1","title":"Logistics decides what strategy can attempt","text":"Frederick ties every operation to bread, ovens, magazines and forage. The Instructions show that an army's reach is set by how far it can be fed, a lesson later commanders repeated in their own terms.","work":"Instructions for His Generals","author":"Frederick the Great","url":"/works/instructions-for-his-generals/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"instructions-for-his-generals:lesson:2","title":"Discipline built on mistrust","text":"Because many soldiers would desert if they could, Frederick designs camps, marches and patrols around preventing escape. The book reveals how an absolutist army treated its own men as a population to be guarded.","work":"Instructions for His Generals","author":"Frederick the Great","url":"/works/instructions-for-his-generals/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"instructions-for-his-generals:lesson:3","title":"Concentrate rather than disperse","text":"Frederick repeatedly warns against detachments that weaken the main army in an effort to protect everything. The principle of concentration of force is stated here in practical terms decades before it became a doctrine.","work":"Instructions for His Generals","author":"Frederick the Great","url":"/works/instructions-for-his-generals/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"instructions-for-his-generals:lesson:4","title":"A commander who learns from his own errors","text":"The king writes frankly about mistakes, including the confusion of his first battle. The Instructions model a leader who converts experience into rules for subordinates rather than into legend.","work":"Instructions for His Generals","author":"Frederick the Great","url":"/works/instructions-for-his-generals/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"island-of-the-blue-dolphins:lesson:1","title":"Courage without witnesses","text":"No one sees Karana build her house, face the wild dogs or turn her canoe back to shore. Her courage is the steady kind that does each day's work, and the novel shows that bravery is often patient labor rather than one dramatic act.","work":"Island of the Blue Dolphins","author":"Scott O'Dell","url":"/works/island-of-the-blue-dolphins/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"island-of-the-blue-dolphins:lesson:2","title":"Mercy toward an enemy","text":"Karana means to kill the leader of the dogs that killed Ramo, but when she finds him wounded she carries him home and nurses him. Rontu becomes her truest friend. Her mercy changes her own life as much as his.","work":"Island of the Blue Dolphins","author":"Scott O'Dell","url":"/works/island-of-the-blue-dolphins/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"island-of-the-blue-dolphins:lesson:3","title":"Friendship across a divide","text":"The Aleuts killed Karana's father, and she hides from them. Yet Tutok, an Aleut girl, becomes her friend through small gifts and shared words. Karana learns that a person is more than the people she belongs to.","work":"Island of the Blue Dolphins","author":"Scott O'Dell","url":"/works/island-of-the-blue-dolphins/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"island-of-the-blue-dolphins:lesson:4","title":"Care for creatures","text":"After nursing the otter and watching her raise her young, Karana decides she will no longer kill animals except as she must for food and clothing. The book shows how caring for a creature changes the way a person sees all living things.","work":"Island of the Blue Dolphins","author":"Scott O'Dell","url":"/works/island-of-the-blue-dolphins/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ivanhoe:lesson:1","title":"Two kinds of courage","text":"Ivanhoe's courage is the knight's courage of the lance and the lists. Rebecca's is that of the threatened woman on the battlement and the prisoner before the Grand Master, who refuses to save herself by sin or apostasy. Scott sets them side by side in Chapter XXIX, where she questions the worth of the glory he praises.","work":"Ivanhoe","author":"Walter Scott","url":"/works/ivanhoe/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ivanhoe:lesson:2","title":"Faithfulness under pressure","text":"Rebecca refuses the Templar's offer of safety and power if she will give herself to him and abandon her faith, and at the end refuses Rowena's kind offer of a home if she will convert. Scott honors her constancy as integrity, not obstinacy.","work":"Ivanhoe","author":"Walter Scott","url":"/works/ivanhoe/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ivanhoe:lesson:3","title":"Healing the enemy","text":"Rebecca tends Ivanhoe though he is a Christian and his people despise hers, and she leaves England to give her life to the sick and the hungry. Her skill is turned against her as evidence of witchcraft. The novel honors mercy given across hatred and shows how fear can twist good works into accusations.","work":"Ivanhoe","author":"Walter Scott","url":"/works/ivanhoe/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ivanhoe:lesson:4","title":"One people out of two","text":"Wamba's joke about swine and pork shows Saxon laborers and Norman masters divided even by their words. By the end Richard rules with Saxon and Norman support, Gurth is freed, and Ivanhoe's marriage joins the old line to the new court. Scott presents England's unity as something won by justice and loyalty, not by conquest alone.","work":"Ivanhoe","author":"Walter Scott","url":"/works/ivanhoe/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jacobson-v-massachusetts:lesson:1","title":"Liberty under law","text":"Harlan answered Jacobson's claim to control his own body by describing liberty as something that exists only within a social order. Real liberty for all, he wrote, could not survive if each person might use his person or property regardless of injury to others. The argument places individual freedom and the common good in relation rather than simple opposition.","work":"Jacobson v. Massachusetts","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/jacobson-v-massachusetts/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jacobson-v-massachusetts:lesson:2","title":"Who decides disputed medical questions?","text":"Jacobson wanted to show the jury that vaccination was unreliable and risky. The Court held that the legislature had already weighed such questions, that vaccination was supported by the experience of many countries, and that courts and juries should not reopen the matter case by case. The ruling rested on deference to lawmakers advised by prevailing medical opinion.","work":"Jacobson v. Massachusetts","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/jacobson-v-massachusetts/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jacobson-v-massachusetts:lesson:3","title":"The limits Harlan placed on his own holding","text":"The opinion does not give health authorities unlimited power. Harlan said courts may intervene when regulations are arbitrary in particular cases, and that the statute should not be applied where vaccination would be cruel and inhuman to a particular adult. Later readers have debated how much weight these limits carry.","work":"Jacobson v. Massachusetts","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/jacobson-v-massachusetts/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jacobson-v-massachusetts:lesson:4","title":"A precedent with a long reach","text":"Jacobson was later cited for very different purposes: to uphold school-vaccination rules in 1922, Virginia's sterilization statute in 1927, and many public-health orders during the pandemic of 2020-2021. Following a precedent through its later uses shows how a principle stated for one setting can be extended to others.","work":"Jacobson v. Massachusetts","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/jacobson-v-massachusetts/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"james-pragmatism:lesson:1","title":"Ask what difference it makes","text":"The squirrel dispute in Lecture II shows how an argument can go on endlessly because the parties mean different things by the same words. James's method is to ask what practical difference each answer would make. Where none can be found, the dispute is verbal; where one can, the dispute becomes worth having.","work":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","author":"William James","url":"/works/james-pragmatism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"james-pragmatism:lesson:2","title":"Temperament shapes philosophy","text":"Lecture I argues that philosophers are moved by temperament as much as by evidence, and that most people are a mixture of tender- and tough-minded. Knowing one's own temperament can make a thinker more honest about where his reasons come from. James does not say temperament settles what is true.","work":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","author":"William James","url":"/works/james-pragmatism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"james-pragmatism:lesson:3","title":"Truth as something that works","text":"Lecture VI defines true ideas as those we can verify and calls truth the expedient in thinking. James adds that this means expedient in the long run and on the whole, and that true beliefs must fit with older truths and with facts. The definition has drawn criticism from the start, and weighing it is part of reading the book.","work":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","author":"William James","url":"/works/james-pragmatism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"james-pragmatism:lesson:4","title":"Faith as a venture","text":"Lecture VIII presents meliorism: the world's salvation is neither certain nor impossible but depends partly on us. James values religious belief for what it does in a life and invites each listener to make his own faith-venture. Christian readers can engage both his respect for faith and his reluctance to say more about God than experience shows.","work":"Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking","author":"William James","url":"/works/james-pragmatism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jane-eyre:lesson:1","title":"Principles are for moments of temptation","text":"When Rochester begs her to stay as his mistress, Jane admits that every feeling urges her to yield. She leaves because the law of God and the principles she held when calm are meant precisely for such a moment. The novel presents conscience as a commitment kept against one's own desires.","work":"Jane Eyre","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/jane-eyre/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jane-eyre:lesson:2","title":"Helen's forbearance and Jane's fire","text":"At Lowood Helen Burns urges patience and forgiveness; Jane insists that she must strike back at those who are unjust. Over the novel Jane learns something from Helen without losing her own strong sense of justice, and she forgives Mrs. Reed at her deathbed. Brontë sets two kinds of Christian response side by side and lets each correct the other.","work":"Jane Eyre","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/jane-eyre/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jane-eyre:lesson:3","title":"Equal souls","text":"In the orchard Jane tells Rochester that, though she is poor, obscure, plain and little, she has as much soul and heart as he, and that they stand equal before God. Her dignity rests not on rank, beauty or wealth but on her nature as a spiritual being. That conviction lets her refuse both Rochester's unlawful offer and St. John's loveless one.","work":"Jane Eyre","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/jane-eyre/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jane-eyre:lesson:4","title":"Two ways of serving God","text":"St. John Rivers offers Jane a life of heroic missionary sacrifice without love; Rochester, humbled and repentant at Ferndean, offers love within marriage. Jane honors St. John's zeal, and the book ends with his words, but she judges that marrying without love would be a kind of death for her. The novel asks how calling, duty and love belong together.","work":"Jane Eyre","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/jane-eyre/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jefferson-first-inaugural-address:lesson:1","title":"A peaceful transfer of power","text":"In 1801 the Federalists handed the executive to their opponents after a bitter campaign and a deadlocked electoral count. Jefferson's address treats the result as decided by the voice of the nation under the rules of the Constitution, and asks everyone to arrange themselves under the will of the law.","work":"First Inaugural Address (Jefferson)","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/jefferson-first-inaugural-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jefferson-first-inaugural-address:lesson:2","title":"Majority rule and minority rights","text":"Jefferson holds both that the will of the majority must prevail and that it must be reasonable, leaving the minority its equal rights. He later calls absolute acquiescence in majority decisions the vital principle of republics, so the two ideas are meant to stand together.","work":"First Inaugural Address (Jefferson)","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/jefferson-first-inaugural-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jefferson-first-inaugural-address:lesson:3","title":"Difference of opinion and difference of principle","text":"Jefferson argues that Americans have called by different names brethren of the same principle. He compares political intolerance to the religious intolerance the country had banished and trusts reason, left free, to answer error.","work":"First Inaugural Address (Jefferson)","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/jefferson-first-inaugural-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jefferson-first-inaugural-address:lesson:4","title":"A creed of political faith","text":"The list of essential principles gathers in one sentence ideas from the Declaration, the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, from justice for all persuasions to trial by jury. Jefferson wants citizens to learn them as a civic creed and use them as a touchstone to judge their leaders.","work":"First Inaugural Address (Jefferson)","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/jefferson-first-inaugural-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jefferson-selected-writings:lesson:1","title":"Enlightenment classification enters race debate","text":"Jefferson's scientific habits also appear in Query XIV of Notes on Virginia, where he makes claims about race within eighteenth-century natural history. The lesson belongs to the period debate over observation, classification, slavery, and human equality.","work":"Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/jefferson-selected-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jefferson-selected-writings:lesson:2","title":"Religious liberty and religious editing differ","text":"Jefferson defends liberty of conscience while privately reshaping Christianity into moral teaching. The combination shows both tolerance and rationalist control.","work":"Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/jefferson-selected-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jefferson-selected-writings:lesson:3","title":"Liberty language and slaveholding share the record","text":"Jefferson's public arguments for liberty and his lifelong slaveholding should be studied together as facts of his writings and career. The contrast shaped later readings of the founding.","work":"Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/jefferson-selected-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jewish-antiquities:lesson:1","title":"Apologetic history still preserves evidence","text":"Josephus writes to defend the antiquity and dignity of Jewish tradition, but that purpose does not make the work useless. It requires a reader who can separate argument, adaptation and preserved memory.","work":"Jewish Antiquities","author":"Flavius Josephus","url":"/works/jewish-antiquities/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jewish-antiquities:lesson:2","title":"Ancient identity is argued through age","text":"The title Antiquities announces a claim: Jewish tradition is not new, provincial or irrational. Josephus treats age itself as a form of cultural authority.","work":"Jewish Antiquities","author":"Flavius Josephus","url":"/works/jewish-antiquities/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jewish-antiquities:lesson:3","title":"Small notices can carry enormous weight","text":"The Testimonium and James passage are brief, but they sit at the center of debates about non-Christian evidence for Jesus. The lesson is methodological: a short passage may require more textual criticism than a long narrative.","work":"Jewish Antiquities","author":"Flavius Josephus","url":"/works/jewish-antiquities/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jewish-antiquities:lesson:4","title":"Bodies make politics memorable","text":"Herod's diseased body, famine scenes and purity laws show how Josephus turns health into moral and political evidence. Illness can become biography, theology or civic warning.","work":"Jewish Antiquities","author":"Flavius Josephus","url":"/works/jewish-antiquities/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"johnny-tremain:lesson:1","title":"Pride before a fall","text":"Johnny begins as the cleverest boy in the shop and the cruelest to the others. Mr. Lapham's warning from Leviticus goes unheeded, and his Sabbath work for Hancock ends in the burn that ruins his hand. Forbes makes the injury the start of his education rather than the end of his life.","work":"Johnny Tremain","author":"Esther Forbes","url":"/works/johnny-tremain/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"johnny-tremain:lesson:2","title":"Finding a calling after loss","text":"Johnny cannot be a silversmith, but he becomes a fine rider, reader, messenger and observer. Forbes shows that a person's worth does not depend on one skill, and that the gifts left after a loss can serve a larger cause.","work":"Johnny Tremain","author":"Esther Forbes","url":"/works/johnny-tremain/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"johnny-tremain:lesson:3","title":"Why men fight","text":"At the last Observers' meeting Otis argues that the cause is not taxes alone but the dignity of every person to stand up. The book sets this hope beside its costs: Pumpkin's execution, Rab's death and the divided Lapham and Lyte households.","work":"Johnny Tremain","author":"Esther Forbes","url":"/works/johnny-tremain/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"johnny-tremain:lesson:4","title":"Friendship with an enemy's servant","text":"Johnny has every reason to hate Dove, yet when they meet again he chooses patience over revenge and keeps him close as a source of news from the British stables. The book shows a boy learning to see even people he dislikes as more than their faults.","work":"Johnny Tremain","author":"Esther Forbes","url":"/works/johnny-tremain/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"journal-of-john-woolman:lesson:1","title":"A conscience grows by small obediences","text":"Woolman writes the bill of sale for an enslaved woman because his employer asks, then wishes he had asked to be excused, and the next time he refuses. The Journal shows conscience strengthening through such single choices: refusing a profitable trade, declining to keep quartered soldiers for pay, choosing the steerage. He presents faithfulness in small matters as the training ground for larger witness.","work":"The Journal of John Woolman","author":"John Woolman","url":"/works/journal-of-john-woolman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"journal-of-john-woolman:lesson:2","title":"Speaking plainly in love","text":"On the southern journey Woolman talks with slaveholding Friends and a militia colonel without anger, using much plainness of speech but in good will. He believes that a hard truth spoken in tenderness may be received, and he often notes that his hearers took it kindly. His method joins candor with humility about his own weakness.","work":"The Journal of John Woolman","author":"John Woolman","url":"/works/journal-of-john-woolman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"journal-of-john-woolman:lesson:3","title":"Wealth, wants and the labour of others","text":"Woolman gives up a growing shop in 1756 because business has become a burden, and he traces luxury and the desire for gain to the hard labour of others, from enslaved field hands to sailors and English labourers. His later essays argue that a plain life frees a person to serve. He measures goods by what they cost the people who produce them.","work":"The Journal of John Woolman","author":"John Woolman","url":"/works/journal-of-john-woolman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"journal-of-john-woolman:lesson:4","title":"Going to learn as well as to teach","text":"Woolman says love was the first motion of his journey to Wehaloosing: he went that he might feel and understand the life of the Delaware people and perhaps receive some instruction from them. He describes feeling inferior in his own eyes to many among them. The visit models a humble missionary spirit that listens before it speaks.","work":"The Journal of John Woolman","author":"John Woolman","url":"/works/journal-of-john-woolman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"journey-of-the-magi:lesson:1","title":"The cost of the journey","text":"Eliot's Magi are not serene kings in a Christmas card but weary travelers who regret their comforts and hear voices calling the trip folly. The poem treats seeking Christ as costly, and the long chain of complaints makes the reader feel the miles.","work":"Journey of the Magi","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/journey-of-the-magi/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"journey-of-the-magi:lesson:2","title":"Signs the travelers cannot read","text":"The valley in the second paragraph is crowded with images that point ahead to the Gospel story: three trees for Calvary, pieces of silver for Judas, dicing for the soldiers at the cross, wine-skins for new wine. The Magi pass them without understanding, while the reader sees what the speaker cannot.","work":"Journey of the Magi","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/journey-of-the-magi/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"journey-of-the-magi:lesson:3","title":"A birth that is a death","text":"The speaker's great discovery is that meeting Christ was like dying, because it ended the old life he had known. He returns home a stranger, and his wish for another death can be read as a longing for the completion of that change.","work":"Journey of the Magi","author":"T. S. Eliot","url":"/works/journey-of-the-magi/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven:lesson:1","title":"Power without humility","text":"Sun can cross eighteen thousand li in a leap, yet his boast that he can jump out of Buddha's palm ends with him writing his name on Buddha's finger. The early chapters show great gifts turned to disorder by pride, and the rest of the book shows the same gifts put to service.","work":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","author":"Wu Cheng'en","url":"/works/journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven:lesson:2","title":"A journey that trains the travelers","text":"The scriptures could have been carried by cloud in an instant, but the pilgrims must walk, and Kwanyin even adds a final trial to make eighty-one. The book treats the hardships of the road as the real education of the monk and his disciples.","work":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","author":"Wu Cheng'en","url":"/works/journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven:lesson:3","title":"Unlike companions on one road","text":"The quick Monkey, the greedy Pa Kiel, the steady river monk and the timid Master quarrel constantly, and the Master twice sends Sun away. The company succeeds only when they need and forgive one another.","work":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","author":"Wu Cheng'en","url":"/works/journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven:lesson:4","title":"Reading a work through a translator's eyes","text":"Richard calls the Jade Emperor God, Laozi the Ancient of Days, and the coming Buddha Maitreya the Messiah, and he labels his version a Christian allegory. Students learn to separate the Chinese novel's Buddhist and Daoist world from the frame a 1913 missionary translator placed around it.","work":"Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)","author":"Wu Cheng'en","url":"/works/journey-to-the-west-a-mission-to-heaven/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"joyce-portrait-of-the-artist:lesson:1","title":"A style that grows with its hero","text":"Joyce tells Stephen's story in language that matches his age: baby words in Chapter I, schoolboy slang, the overwrought prose of adolescent passion, the sermon's rhetoric, and the cool abstraction of the university arguments. The form itself is a portrait of a developing mind.","work":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","author":"James Joyce","url":"/works/joyce-portrait-of-the-artist/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"joyce-portrait-of-the-artist:lesson:2","title":"Family, nation and church at one table","text":"The Christmas dinner of Chapter I shows the forces Stephen will spend the book weighing: a Catholic faith loyal to the bishops, an Irish nationalism grieving for Parnell, and a family whose love is real but quarrelsome. The child watches without understanding what he will later call nets.","work":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","author":"James Joyce","url":"/works/joyce-portrait-of-the-artist/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"joyce-portrait-of-the-artist:lesson:3","title":"Fear, repentance and its limits","text":"The retreat sermons of Chapter III move Stephen to genuine repentance and confession, and he gives himself to a rigorous devotional life. Chapter IV shows that devotion becoming anxious and exacting before he turns away from the priesthood. Readers have disagreed about whether Joyce portrays Stephen's later choice as liberation, as pride, or with irony toward both.","work":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","author":"James Joyce","url":"/works/joyce-portrait-of-the-artist/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"joyce-portrait-of-the-artist:lesson:4","title":"The vocation of the artist","text":"Stephen's name joins the first Christian martyr and Daedalus, the craftsman of Crete who made wings to escape the labyrinth. The vision of the girl on the strand, the theory of beauty and the final diary entries all build his sense of being called to make something new.","work":"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man","author":"James Joyce","url":"/works/joyce-portrait-of-the-artist/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jude-the-obscure:lesson:1","title":"Longing for learning","text":"Jude's lonely nights with Latin and Greek grammars show a real hunger for knowledge, and the closed gates of Christminster make that hunger the engine of the tragedy. Hardy honours the aspiration even as he records its defeat.","work":"Jude the Obscure","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/jude-the-obscure/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jude-the-obscure:lesson:2","title":"The letter and the spirit","text":"The book's motto from 2 Corinthians, that the letter kills, is quoted by Jude himself near the end. Hardy sets rules of marriage and religious form against inner conviction, and lets characters on each side argue in their own terms.","work":"Jude the Obscure","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/jude-the-obscure/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jude-the-obscure:lesson:3","title":"Two crossings of belief","text":"Jude begins devout and ends doubting; Sue begins sceptical and ends in rigid penitence. Their opposite paths show how grief, guilt and circumstance can reshape conviction.","work":"Jude the Obscure","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/jude-the-obscure/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"jude-the-obscure:lesson:4","title":"Suffering and the question of Job","text":"Jude dies speaking the words of Job 3, cursing the day he was born. The novel leaves the reader with Job's question of why the righteous suffer, without the voice from the whirlwind that answers Job in Scripture.","work":"Jude the Obscure","author":"Thomas Hardy","url":"/works/jude-the-obscure/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"julius-caesar:lesson:1","title":"Good men can reason their way to wrong","text":"Brutus admits he knows no personal cause against Caesar and kills him for what he might become. The play shows how an honorable man, trusting abstract reasoning, can do a grave wrong and set loose worse evils.","work":"Julius Caesar","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/julius-caesar/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"julius-caesar:lesson:2","title":"The power of rhetoric","text":"Brutus speaks to the crowd's reason in plain prose; Antony moves their passions with irony, the wounds and the will. The funeral scene is a lesson in how speech can sway a people for good or ill.","work":"Julius Caesar","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/julius-caesar/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"julius-caesar:lesson:3","title":"Friendship tested by power","text":"Brutus betrays Caesar's friendship for Rome, and Brutus and Cassius nearly break their own friendship in the tent at Sardis. The play makes loyalty and its limits a central moral question.","work":"Julius Caesar","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/julius-caesar/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"julius-caesar:lesson:4","title":"Fate, omen and choice","text":"Storms, dreams, the soothsayer and the ghost all warn, yet characters choose and bear responsibility. Cassius's line about the stars puts the burden on human choice.","work":"Julius Caesar","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/julius-caesar/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"just-so-stories:lesson:1","title":"Questions can lead somewhere","text":"The Elephant's Child is spanked for every question, but his question about the Crocodile's dinner wins him a trunk that helps all elephants after him. The poem that follows praises What and Where and When and How and Why and Who. Curiosity is good, though it should be joined with good sense.","work":"Just So Stories","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/just-so-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"just-so-stories:lesson:2","title":"Idleness gives you the hump","text":"The Camel will not trot, fetch or plough, so the other animals do double work until the Djinn gives him a hump. The poem afterward says that people get a hump too when they have too little to do, and that the cure is to dig in the garden.","work":"Just So Stories","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/just-so-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"just-so-stories:lesson:3","title":"Pride gets a surprise","text":"The Kangaroo asks to be different and popular, Pau Amma thinks he is very important, and the Butterfly boasts that he could stamp away a palace. Each proud creature gets more than he asked for and learns a lesson. Kipling laughs at boasting rather than scolding it.","work":"Just So Stories","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/just-so-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"just-so-stories:lesson:4","title":"Pictures and words need care","text":"Taffy's picture-letter makes perfect sense to her, but her mother reads it as a story of spears and enemies, and the friendly Stranger-man is mobbed. In the next story Taffy and her father make signs for sounds so that a message can say exactly what is meant.","work":"Just So Stories","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/just-so-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"justinian-institutes:lesson:1","title":"Definitions as foundations","text":"The Institutes begin not with rules but with definitions of justice, jurisprudence and law. Students learn that a legal system rests on a conception of what is due to each person, and that rules are later applications of it.","work":"The Institutes of Justinian","author":"Justinian I (Tribonian and commissioners)","url":"/works/justinian-institutes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"justinian-institutes:lesson:2","title":"Three kinds of law","text":"Title II distinguishes natural law, the law of nations and civil law. The text admits tension between them: slavery comes from the law of nations yet is said to be against nature. Students see an ancient legal system naming a principle above its own practice.","work":"The Institutes of Justinian","author":"Justinian I (Tribonian and commissioners)","url":"/works/justinian-institutes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"justinian-institutes:lesson:3","title":"Order makes learning possible","text":"The division of law into persons, things and actions, borrowed from Gaius, gave Western law a lasting map. The proem stresses teaching the beginner by an easy path before details, an educational principle as much as a legal one.","work":"The Institutes of Justinian","author":"Justinian I (Tribonian and commissioners)","url":"/works/justinian-institutes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"justinian-institutes:lesson:4","title":"Responsibility for harm","text":"Book IV's treatment of the lex Aquilia asks when a person who causes loss must pay, distinguishing intention, carelessness and lack of skill with concrete cases: the pruner who drops a branch, the mule driver, the surgeon. These cases became the ancestors of the modern law of negligence.","work":"The Institutes of Justinian","author":"Justinian I (Tribonian and commissioners)","url":"/works/justinian-institutes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kaldellis-the-new-roman-empire:lesson:1","title":"Names shape understanding","text":"Kaldellis begins by asking what the people of this empire called themselves. They were Romans, and the term 'Byzantine' was applied to them much later. Calling a people by their own name changes how we read their history: not as a strange offshoot but as the continuation of Rome.","work":"The New Roman Empire: A History of Byzantium","author":"Anthony Kaldellis","url":"/works/kaldellis-the-new-roman-empire/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kaldellis-the-new-roman-empire:lesson:2","title":"Why a state endures","text":"The eastern Roman state lasted more than a thousand years after Constantine. Kaldellis attributes its endurance to working institutions: a tax system, a salaried army, a trained administration, and a people who regarded the state as theirs. Students can test this account against the episodes of collapse and recovery in the book.","work":"The New Roman Empire: A History of Byzantium","author":"Anthony Kaldellis","url":"/works/kaldellis-the-new-roman-empire/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kaldellis-the-new-roman-empire:lesson:3","title":"Emperors and the consent of the people","text":"Many emperors were overthrown by popular uprisings, military revolts or palace coups. Kaldellis reads these as signs that imperial power rested on the support of the people of Constantinople and the army, not on divine right alone. The book invites reflection on authority, legitimacy and accountability.","work":"The New Roman Empire: A History of Byzantium","author":"Anthony Kaldellis","url":"/works/kaldellis-the-new-roman-empire/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kaldellis-the-new-roman-empire:lesson:4","title":"A Christian empire","text":"The New Roman Empire was the setting of the ecumenical councils, the Nicene Creed, Hagia Sophia, the icons and the monastic tradition of Mount Athos. Kaldellis narrates its church politics, from Christological controversies to hesychasm, as part of public life, and readers can see how theology and government were intertwined.","work":"The New Roman Empire: A History of Byzantium","author":"Anthony Kaldellis","url":"/works/kaldellis-the-new-roman-empire/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kalevala:lesson:1","title":"The power of the word","text":"In the Kalevala, song is power: Väinämöinen sings Joukahainen into a swamp, needs three missing words to finish his boat, and heals wounds only when he knows the origin of the thing that caused them. Knowledge of beginnings, sung aright, is the hero's real strength, and the poem ends with the singer leaving his songs to his people.","work":"Kalevala","author":"Elias Lönnrot (compiler)","url":"/works/kalevala/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kalevala:lesson:2","title":"A mother's love","text":"The most moving figures in the epic are often mothers. Aino's mother laments that she drove her daughter toward an unwanted marriage, and Lemminkäinen's mother searches land and river until she rakes her son's body from the stream of death and restores him with a balm from heaven.","work":"Kalevala","author":"Elias Lönnrot (compiler)","url":"/works/kalevala/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kalevala:lesson:3","title":"Nurture and the tragedy of Kullervo","text":"Kullervo is the child of a feud who is never rocked, taught or loved; his great strength turns to destruction and finally to self-destruction. Väinämöinen's words at his death draw the lesson that a child badly nurtured will never gain discretion, however strong he grows.","work":"Kalevala","author":"Elias Lönnrot (compiler)","url":"/works/kalevala/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kalevala:lesson:4","title":"Wealth, rivalry and the lost Sampo","text":"The Sampo grinds grain, salt and money, and both Kalevala and Pohjola want it. The rivalry ends with the treasure shattered in the sea, yet even its fragments bring plenty to Finland, while the attempt to own it brings war, sickness and the theft of the sun.","work":"Kalevala","author":"Elias Lönnrot (compiler)","url":"/works/kalevala/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kant-critique-of-practical-reason:lesson:1","title":"Ought implies can","text":"Kant's gallows example in Book I argues that our sense of what we ought to do reveals what we are able to do. A person who doubts his own freedom learns it the moment he recognizes that he could refuse to betray an innocent man even at the cost of life. Freedom is discovered through duty, not proven before it.","work":"Critique of Practical Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-critique-of-practical-reason/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kant-critique-of-practical-reason:lesson:2","title":"Worthiness before happiness","text":"Kant does not despise happiness; he includes it in the highest good. But he insists that morality teaches how to become worthy of happiness, not how to get it, and that only virtue makes happiness deserved. The order matters more than the parts.","work":"Critique of Practical Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-critique-of-practical-reason/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kant-critique-of-practical-reason:lesson:3","title":"Respect as a moral feeling","text":"In Chapter III Kant argues that the moral law produces a distinctive feeling, respect, which humbles self-conceit and raises the person who obeys. Respect is owed first to the law and then to persons who exemplify it. This gives a precise account of why moral examples move us.","work":"Critique of Practical Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-critique-of-practical-reason/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kant-critique-of-practical-reason:lesson:4","title":"Faith grounded in practice","text":"The postulates of God and immortality are not proofs of theory but conditions without which the command to seek the highest good would be empty. Kant thereby places religious belief on moral ground. Readers can weigh both what this secures and what it leaves out.","work":"Critique of Practical Reason","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-critique-of-practical-reason/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kant-perpetual-peace:lesson:1","title":"Peace as a matter of right, not only of feeling","text":"Kant does not appeal to sentiment or philanthropy. He asks what legal arrangements, within states, between states and among all people, would make lasting peace possible, and he treats peace as something reason commands rather than a dream. The structure of articles makes the argument concrete.","work":"Perpetual Peace","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-perpetual-peace/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kant-perpetual-peace:lesson:2","title":"Who decides on war?","text":"The first definitive article rests on a simple observation: where those who must fight and pay for a war must consent to it, they will weigh it carefully, whereas a ruler who owns the state can decide on war for trifling reasons, as if it were a pleasure party. Kant's republic is not rule by the crowd but representative government under law.","work":"Perpetual Peace","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-perpetual-peace/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kant-perpetual-peace:lesson:3","title":"A league, not an empire","text":"Kant considers whether peace would be best secured by merging all nations into one world state and decides against it: nations do not want it, and vast states tend toward despotism. He proposes instead a voluntary federation of free states that grows over time.","work":"Perpetual Peace","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-perpetual-peace/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kant-perpetual-peace:lesson:4","title":"Honesty and statecraft","text":"The appendices ask whether politics must be cunning. Kant rejects the maxims of seizing advantage and denying wrongs afterward, and proposes a test of publicity: a policy that could not survive being announced is unjust. The moral politician fits his conduct to principle and waits for favourable circumstances rather than forcing them.","work":"Perpetual Peace","author":"Immanuel Kant","url":"/works/kant-perpetual-peace/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"keep-the-lights-burning-abbie:lesson:1","title":"Faithful when no one is watching","text":"Captain Burgess gives Abbie one job, to keep the lights burning, and then he cannot come back to check on her. She climbs the towers every night anyway, even when she is tired and cold. The book shows that being faithful means doing your job just as well when the grown-up is far away.","work":"Keep the Lights Burning, Abbie","author":"Peter and Connie Roop","url":"/works/keep-the-lights-burning-abbie/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"keep-the-lights-burning-abbie:lesson:2","title":"Other people depend on the light","text":"The lamps on Matinicus Rock are not for Abbie's family alone; sailors out on the dark sea need them to steer clear of the rocks. Abbie scrapes the ice from the windows for ships she will never meet. Small faithful work can keep people safe that we never see.","work":"Keep the Lights Burning, Abbie","author":"Peter and Connie Roop","url":"/works/keep-the-lights-burning-abbie/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"keep-the-lights-burning-abbie:lesson:3","title":"Caring for the family","text":"Besides the lamps, Abbie nurses her sick mother, looks after her little sisters and saves the hens whose eggs they need to eat. She does the work of a grown-up because her family needs her. Love at home shows itself in plain chores done for others.","work":"Keep the Lights Burning, Abbie","author":"Peter and Connie Roop","url":"/works/keep-the-lights-burning-abbie/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"keep-the-lights-burning-abbie:lesson:4","title":"A father's trust","text":"Captain Burgess trusts Abbie with the most important work on the island, and every night from far away he looks for her lights. When he comes home, he tells her that the lights told him his family was safe. Abbie's faithful work answers her father's trust.","work":"Keep the Lights Burning, Abbie","author":"Peter and Connie Roop","url":"/works/keep-the-lights-burning-abbie/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kennedy-inaugural-address:lesson:1","title":"Rights from the hand of God","text":"Early in the address Kennedy states that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God. He presents this as the revolutionary belief of 1776, still at issue around the world, and it grounds every pledge that follows.","work":"Inaugural Address","author":"John F. Kennedy","url":"/works/kennedy-inaugural-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kennedy-inaugural-address:lesson:2","title":"Strength and civility together","text":"Kennedy refuses to choose between deterrence and diplomacy. Only arms sufficient beyond doubt, he argues, make war unlikely, yet civility is not weakness, and the nation must never negotiate out of fear nor fear to negotiate.","work":"Inaugural Address","author":"John F. Kennedy","url":"/works/kennedy-inaugural-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kennedy-inaugural-address:lesson:3","title":"Citizenship as service","text":"The famous charge reverses the usual expectation of what government owes citizens. Kennedy places the final success or failure of the nation's course in their hands and calls them to bear the burden of a long struggle rather than to wait for benefits.","work":"Inaugural Address","author":"John F. Kennedy","url":"/works/kennedy-inaugural-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kennedy-the-great-arab-conquests:lesson:1","title":"How small armies won wide lands","text":"Kennedy stresses that the conquering armies were often small. They won because the Byzantine and Persian empires had exhausted each other in a long war and had suffered plague, because the Arabs were mobile and united by faith and leadership, and because many cities and lords preferred negotiated surrender to resistance. Victory came from a combination of causes rather than any single one.","work":"The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In","author":"Hugh Kennedy","url":"/works/kennedy-the-great-arab-conquests/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kennedy-the-great-arab-conquests:lesson:2","title":"Conquest and conversion are different things","text":"The conquests brought lands under Muslim rule, but Kennedy shows that most conquered people did not become Muslims for generations. Treaties let Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians keep their worship in return for tribute, and conversion spread slowly over centuries for many reasons. Distinguishing political rule from religious change is one of the book's central lessons.","work":"The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In","author":"Hugh Kennedy","url":"/works/kennedy-the-great-arab-conquests/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kennedy-the-great-arab-conquests:lesson:3","title":"Reading late and partisan sources","text":"The Arabic accounts were written down long after the events and shaped by tribal pride, legal concerns and storytelling conventions. Kennedy neither discards them nor accepts them uncritically; he compares them with Greek, Syriac, Armenian and Coptic writers and with what can be known of administration and geography. His method models careful use of imperfect evidence.","work":"The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In","author":"Hugh Kennedy","url":"/works/kennedy-the-great-arab-conquests/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kennedy-the-great-arab-conquests:lesson:4","title":"Many peoples, many responses","text":"The conquered did not respond in one way. Some cities opened their gates by treaty, Berber leaders fought for decades, Iranian lords bargained, Sogdian merchants changed sides as their interests required, and Christian chroniclers interpreted events through Scripture. The final chapter gives these voices their own place in the story.","work":"The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In","author":"Hugh Kennedy","url":"/works/kennedy-the-great-arab-conquests/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kennedy-when-baghdad-ruled-the-muslim-world:lesson:1","title":"Founders and consolidators","text":"The revolution was won by Abu Muslim's armies, but the dynasty was secured by al-Mansur, who eliminated rivals and built a capital and an administration. Kennedy shows how the work of keeping power differs from the work of seizing it.","work":"When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty","author":"Hugh Kennedy","url":"/works/kennedy-when-baghdad-ruled-the-muslim-world/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kennedy-when-baghdad-ruled-the-muslim-world:lesson:2","title":"Succession as the weak point","text":"Harun's plan to share the succession between two sons led to a civil war that wrecked Baghdad. Again and again the book shows that the transfer of power was the dynasty's most dangerous moment.","work":"When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty","author":"Hugh Kennedy","url":"/works/kennedy-when-baghdad-ruled-the-muslim-world/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kennedy-when-baghdad-ruled-the-muslim-world:lesson:3","title":"Culture and power together","text":"Poetry, palaces, music and learning were not decoration but instruments of rule, displaying the caliph's majesty and binding elites to the court. The court's culture outlived its political strength.","work":"When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty","author":"Hugh Kennedy","url":"/works/kennedy-when-baghdad-ruled-the-muslim-world/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kennedy-when-baghdad-ruled-the-muslim-world:lesson:4","title":"The soldier problem","text":"Al-Mu'tasim's Turkish soldiers gave the caliph a loyal army independent of older factions, but within a generation they were deciding who would be caliph. Kennedy traces how a solution to one problem created a greater one.","work":"When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty","author":"Hugh Kennedy","url":"/works/kennedy-when-baghdad-ruled-the-muslim-world/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kepler-new-astronomy-and-harmony-of-the-world:lesson:1","title":"Eight minutes of arc","text":"Kepler had a model of Mars that most astronomers would have accepted, but it disagreed with Tycho's observations by about a quarter of the moon's apparent width. Because he trusted the observations, he discarded years of work. The episode shows how respect for accurate evidence can overturn a satisfying theory.","work":"New Astronomy and The Harmony of the World","author":"Johannes Kepler","url":"/works/kepler-new-astronomy-and-harmony-of-the-world/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kepler-new-astronomy-and-harmony-of-the-world:lesson:2","title":"Asking why, not only how","text":"Earlier astronomers aimed mainly to predict where planets would appear. Kepler insisted on finding a physical cause for their motions, and his search for a force from the sun led him to the area law. His causes were later replaced by Newton's gravitation, but his question shaped the future of physics.","work":"New Astronomy and The Harmony of the World","author":"Johannes Kepler","url":"/works/kepler-new-astronomy-and-harmony-of-the-world/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kepler-new-astronomy-and-harmony-of-the-world:lesson:3","title":"Science as praise","text":"For Kepler, finding the geometric order of the heavens was a way of reading the Creator's thoughts and giving thanks. The Harmony of the World ends in prayer. In his work, faith supplied both the motive for inquiry and the expectation of finding order.","work":"New Astronomy and The Harmony of the World","author":"Johannes Kepler","url":"/works/kepler-new-astronomy-and-harmony-of-the-world/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kepler-new-astronomy-and-harmony-of-the-world:lesson:4","title":"Truth mixed with error","text":"The same book that announces the third law also assigns melodies to planets and reforms astrology. Kepler's discoveries arose together with ideas later abandoned. Reading him teaches patience with the way real inquiry advances.","work":"New Astronomy and The Harmony of the World","author":"Johannes Kepler","url":"/works/kepler-new-astronomy-and-harmony-of-the-world/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"keynes-the-general-theory:lesson:1","title":"One person's spending is another's income","text":"The multiplier rests on a simple observation: when a firm spends on a new factory, the builders spend their wages, and so on in diminishing rounds. Keynes uses it to argue that a fall in investment can shrink income far more than its own size. The idea changed how governments thought about depressions.","work":"The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money","author":"John Maynard Keynes","url":"/works/keynes-the-general-theory/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"keynes-the-general-theory:lesson:2","title":"Expectations and animal spirits","text":"In chapter 12 Keynes argues that most long-term investment cannot be based on exact calculation, because the future is uncertain. Business confidence rests on convention and on a spontaneous urge to act. When confidence collapses, investment can fall regardless of how sound the underlying projects are.","work":"The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money","author":"John Maynard Keynes","url":"/works/keynes-the-general-theory/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"keynes-the-general-theory:lesson:3","title":"Saving is not always a public virtue","text":"Keynes argues that if everyone tries to save more in a slump, total income may fall so that total saving does not rise at all. He revisits Mandeville's Fable of the Bees and earlier writers who worried about underconsumption. The argument sits uneasily with the traditional praise of thrift, and readers have debated where each view applies.","work":"The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money","author":"John Maynard Keynes","url":"/works/keynes-the-general-theory/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"keynes-the-general-theory:lesson:4","title":"Ideas rule the world","text":"The book closes by claiming that the ideas of economists and political philosophers matter more than vested interests, often decades after they are written. Keynes intended his own book to change policy through changing minds. The claim can be tested against the book's own later history and the rival ideas it provoked.","work":"The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money","author":"John Maynard Keynes","url":"/works/keynes-the-general-theory/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kidnapped:lesson:1","title":"Friendship across a deep divide","text":"David is a Lowland Whig loyal to King George and Alan a Highland Jacobite. Their friendship survives political difference because each keeps faith with the other in danger. Stevenson shows loyalty as something proved by deeds rather than shared opinions.","work":"Kidnapped","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/kidnapped/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kidnapped:lesson:2","title":"Pride on the road","text":"Exhaustion makes David sullen and Alan mocking, and their quarrel nearly ends in swords. Stevenson treats the scene with honesty: both are at fault, and humility on both sides is required to repair it.","work":"Kidnapped","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/kidnapped/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kidnapped:lesson:3","title":"Justice against a usurper","text":"Ebenezer holds the estate unjustly and tries to remove the heir. David recovers his right through patience, a good lawyer and a trap that brings the truth to light, not by violence.","work":"Kidnapped","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/kidnapped/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kidnapped:lesson:4","title":"Courage that grows","text":"David begins as a cautious young man who cries in the dark; in the round-house he fires into the attackers and later walks into Edinburgh to testify. Courage in the book grows by being exercised.","work":"Kidnapped","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/kidnapped/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"king-lear:lesson:1","title":"King Lear: formed attention","text":"King Lear teaches students to slow down before judgment. eleventh-grade readers confront language as flattery, curse, prayer, and recognition, while watching family failure become national ruin","work":"King Lear","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/king-lear/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"king-lear:lesson:2","title":"King Lear: order and disorder","text":"King Lear makes order visible by showing what damages it. the tragedy strips Lear of retinue, shelter, sanity, and political identity until the storm outside and the storm within become one scene","work":"King Lear","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/king-lear/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"king-lear:lesson:3","title":"King Lear: body and soul","text":"King Lear gives the medical lens a human scale. Lear is central for psychiatry and aging: cognitive vulnerability, rage, delirium, homelessness, trauma, blindness, caregiving, and unbearable grief","work":"King Lear","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/king-lear/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kingsley-the-heroes:lesson:1","title":"Do right, and God will help you","text":"Kingsley tells his children plainly that the stories are not all true, but that their meaning is true for ever. Perseus succeeds because he dares what is right and accepts the help of the gods, and Kingsley reads that help as a picture of God's help to anyone who tries to do right.","work":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","author":"Charles Kingsley","url":"/works/kingsley-the-heroes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kingsley-the-heroes:lesson:2","title":"A sharper trial for the one who overcomes","text":"When Athene appears to Perseus, she tells him that whoever overcomes in one trial deserves a harder one. Perseus has stood up to Polydectes, so now he is offered the Gorgon. Kingsley shows children that growing in courage means being trusted with bigger tasks, and that the hero must count the cost before he begins.","work":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","author":"Charles Kingsley","url":"/works/kingsley-the-heroes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kingsley-the-heroes:lesson:3","title":"Each of us has a Golden Fleece to seek","text":"Before the voyage of the Argo, Kingsley compares the Argonauts with explorers in the frozen seas, nurses in the hospitals of the East and soldiers who went to war, all of whom sought honour rather than money. He tells his children that each of them has a golden fleece to seek, a wild sea to cross and dragons to fight.","work":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","author":"Charles Kingsley","url":"/works/kingsley-the-heroes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kingsley-the-heroes:lesson:4","title":"Good ends and evil means","text":"Jason wins the fleece through Medeia's witchcraft, and the story ends sadly: she tricks Pelias's daughters, and later takes a revenge on Jason too terrible to tell. Kingsley warns that we must not seek help from evil persons or gain good ends by evil means, because an adder used against our enemies turns and stings us.","work":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","author":"Charles Kingsley","url":"/works/kingsley-the-heroes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kingsley-the-heroes:lesson:5","title":"How Theseus fell by his pride","text":"Theseus begins as a model hero, choosing the dangerous road to clear it of robbers and offering himself as one of the youths sent to the Minotaur. After his triumph he grows proud, breaks the laws of God and man, and ends chained below the earth and later dying in exile. Kingsley closes the book with a prayer that God will keep pride from us after we have done good deeds.","work":"The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children","author":"Charles Kingsley","url":"/works/kingsley-the-heroes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kokoro:lesson:1","title":"Guilt can hollow a life","text":"Sensei's single act of betrayal leaves him unable to trust himself or live fully. The novel examines how unconfessed guilt isolates and corrodes.","work":"Kokoro","author":"Natsume Sōseki","url":"/works/kokoro/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kokoro:lesson:2","title":"Loneliness of the modern self","text":"Sensei says that loneliness is the price of being born in an age of freedom and independence. The novel links personal isolation to Japan's modernisation.","work":"Kokoro","author":"Natsume Sōseki","url":"/works/kokoro/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kokoro:lesson:3","title":"Choosing between duties","text":"The student leaves his dying father to go to Sensei, choosing a chosen mentor over family duty. The novel quietly asks which bonds matter most.","work":"Kokoro","author":"Natsume Sōseki","url":"/works/kokoro/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"korematsu-v-united-states:lesson:1","title":"Rigid scrutiny announced and applied","text":"Black's opinion is the origin of the phrase that racial classifications are immediately suspect and require the most rigid scrutiny, a standard later used to strike down many laws. In Korematsu itself, however, the Court found the standard satisfied by the military's judgment. Students can examine how a strict test can be stated in principle and applied with deference in practice.","work":"Korematsu v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/korematsu-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"korematsu-v-united-states:lesson:2","title":"Deciding only the question presented","text":"The majority insists that only exclusion, not detention, is before it, and on the same day decided in Ex parte Endo that a concededly loyal citizen could not be held in a relocation center. Roberts and Jackson argue that the orders cannot be separated so neatly. The dispute shows how framing the question can shape the answer.","work":"Korematsu v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/korematsu-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"korematsu-v-united-states:lesson:3","title":"Courts, war and the limits of review","text":"The opinions offer three different views of the judiciary in wartime: Frankfurter's that military measures reasonable for waging war are constitutional, Murphy's that courts must test whether military discretion has been overstepped, and Jackson's that courts cannot evaluate military necessity and should therefore refuse to lend the law's authority to such orders.","work":"Korematsu v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/korematsu-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"korematsu-v-united-states:lesson:4","title":"Guilt that is personal","text":"Jackson points out that Korematsu was convicted for an act that would have been lawful had his parents been born in Germany or Italy, and invokes the Constitution's ban on corruption of blood for treason. The principle that guilt attaches to individual conduct, not ancestry, runs through the dissents.","work":"Korematsu v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/korematsu-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"korematsu-v-united-states:lesson:5","title":"How a nation revisits a decision","text":"Korematsu was never formally overruled in the ordinary way, yet its standing changed through a 1976 presidential proclamation, a congressional commission, a 1983 vacatur of the conviction, a 1988 statute of apology and redress, and a 2018 statement of the Court. Each branch of government took part in that history.","work":"Korematsu v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/korematsu-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kuhn-the-structure-of-scientific-revolutions:lesson:1","title":"Most science is careful puzzle-solving","text":"Kuhn shows that ordinary scientific work is not a constant challenge to fundamentals but disciplined work within an accepted framework. This normal science is what makes precise measurement and detailed knowledge possible, and it is also what makes anomalies visible.","work":"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions","author":"Thomas S. Kuhn","url":"/works/kuhn-the-structure-of-scientific-revolutions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kuhn-the-structure-of-scientific-revolutions:lesson:2","title":"Expectation shapes what we notice","text":"Through the anomalous playing-card experiment and the history of oxygen and X-rays, Kuhn argues that discovery requires recognising that something is wrong with expectation. People trained to see one thing may at first fail to see another.","work":"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions","author":"Thomas S. Kuhn","url":"/works/kuhn-the-structure-of-scientific-revolutions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kuhn-the-structure-of-scientific-revolutions:lesson:3","title":"How histories are written","text":"Kuhn argues that textbooks rewrite the past so that earlier scientists seem to have worked on present problems. His claim asks readers to study past thinkers in their own terms rather than as imperfect versions of the present.","work":"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions","author":"Thomas S. Kuhn","url":"/works/kuhn-the-structure-of-scientific-revolutions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kuhn-the-structure-of-scientific-revolutions:lesson:4","title":"Reasons that persuade without compelling","text":"Kuhn holds that choosing between paradigms involves good reasons, such as accuracy and fruitfulness, that persuade without forcing assent. Critics charged him with making science irrational; his Postscript replies that values guide choice even where rules cannot dictate it. The debate remains open.","work":"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions","author":"Thomas S. Kuhn","url":"/works/kuhn-the-structure-of-scientific-revolutions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism:lesson:1","title":"A world-view, not only a creed","text":"Kuyper insists that every great movement in history rests on an account of three relations: to God, to neighbour and to the world. By describing Calvinism this way he invites students to ask what assumptions underlie any culture's politics, science and art, including their own.","work":"Lectures on Calvinism","author":"Abraham Kuyper","url":"/works/kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism:lesson:2","title":"Sphere sovereignty","text":"In Lecture III Kuyper argues that the family, the business, the school, science and art each have an authority given by God within their own bosom, which does not come from the state. Government has a real task, to restrain sin and protect the spheres, but it may not absorb them. The idea has shaped Christian political thought far beyond the Netherlands.","work":"Lectures on Calvinism","author":"Abraham Kuyper","url":"/works/kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism:lesson:3","title":"Common grace and the goodness of ordinary life","text":"Kuyper distinguishes the particular grace that saves from a common grace by which God restrains the curse on the world, so that science, art, government and the virtues of unbelievers can flourish. This allows him to honor the work of a scientist or painter as service to God without making it a church activity.","work":"Lectures on Calvinism","author":"Abraham Kuyper","url":"/works/kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism:lesson:4","title":"Two kinds of science","text":"Kuyper argues that the deepest divide in modern scholarship is not between faith and reason but between two starting-points: one that treats the present world as normal and one that regards it as fallen. Each produces its own science, and he proposes that they be allowed to develop side by side in separate institutions.","work":"Lectures on Calvinism","author":"Abraham Kuyper","url":"/works/kuyper-lectures-on-calvinism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lakatos-the-methodology-of-scientific-research-programmes:lesson:1","title":"Theories are not abandoned one test at a time","text":"Lakatos observes that real scientists keep promising theories alive despite anomalies, adjusting auxiliary assumptions rather than giving up their central ideas. This is not stubbornness but method, provided the adjustments lead to new discoveries.","work":"The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes","author":"Imre Lakatos","url":"/works/lakatos-the-methodology-of-scientific-research-programmes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lakatos-the-methodology-of-scientific-research-programmes:lesson:2","title":"Progress means predicting the new","text":"For Lakatos, the mark of a healthy programme is that it predicts facts no one expected, and some of those predictions come true. A programme that only explains what is already known, after the fact, is degenerating, however ingenious its explanations.","work":"The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes","author":"Imre Lakatos","url":"/works/lakatos-the-methodology-of-scientific-research-programmes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lakatos-the-methodology-of-scientific-research-programmes:lesson:3","title":"History tests philosophy","text":"Lakatos insists that a theory of scientific method must be checked against the actual history of science. A methodology that would condemn Newton or Copernicus as irrational has, in his view, refuted itself.","work":"The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes","author":"Imre Lakatos","url":"/works/lakatos-the-methodology-of-scientific-research-programmes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lane-thousand-and-one-nights:lesson:1","title":"Stories as moral argument","text":"Nearly every embedded tale here is told to persuade a listener: the sheykhs bargain for the merchant's blood, the fisherman answers the 'Efreet with King Yoonán and Doobán, the four suspects of the Humpback buy their lives with stories. Lane's own note calls eloquence lawful magic among the Arabs, and the frame turns that belief into the plot.","work":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","author":"Anonymous; translated by Edward William Lane","url":"/works/lane-thousand-and-one-nights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lane-thousand-and-one-nights:lesson:2","title":"Ingratitude and pardon","text":"King Yoonán repays the sage who cured him with death, and dies by his poisoned book; the envied man of Chapter III repays the neighbour who threw him down a well with gold and honour. The collection sets retribution and generosity side by side and lets the listener weigh them.","work":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","author":"Anonymous; translated by Edward William Lane","url":"/works/lane-thousand-and-one-nights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lane-thousand-and-one-nights:lesson:3","title":"Destiny and responsibility","text":"Characters constantly say that what is written on the forehead must come to pass, yet they plan, lie, flee and confess. The humpback chokes because his destiny so determined, and four men still hurry to accept blame. Lane's long note on fate and destiny explains how Muslim teaching joined predestination with the duty to take medicine and act prudently.","work":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","author":"Anonymous; translated by Edward William Lane","url":"/works/lane-thousand-and-one-nights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lane-thousand-and-one-nights:lesson:4","title":"A translation as a window and a frame","text":"Lane wanted his readers to see the Nights as faithful pictures of Arab life, especially of Cairo, and his notes on religion, law, magic, medicine and manners are almost as long as the tales. He also chose what to omit. Reading the notes alongside the stories shows both the learning of a careful observer and the decisions an editor makes for his audience.","work":"The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)","author":"Anonymous; translated by Edward William Lane","url":"/works/lane-thousand-and-one-nights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lassie-come-home:lesson:1","title":"Honest when it hurts","text":"The Carracloughs could keep Lassie each time she escapes, and no one would blame a hungry family much. Instead Sam takes her back, because she was sold and the money spent. Knight makes the poorest family in the book the most scrupulous.","work":"Lassie Come-Home","author":"Eric Knight","url":"/works/lassie-come-home/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lassie-come-home:lesson:2","title":"Faithfulness that keeps going","text":"Lassie has no map and no master to guide her. She keeps turning south through hunger, sickness and danger because home is where Joe is. Her journey makes loyalty visible as endurance over time.","work":"Lassie Come-Home","author":"Eric Knight","url":"/works/lassie-come-home/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lassie-come-home:lesson:3","title":"Kindness from strangers","text":"On the road Lassie is helped by people with little to spare: an old couple in a cottage and a peddler on foot. Each gives what they can and lets her go when it is time.","work":"Lassie Come-Home","author":"Eric Knight","url":"/works/lassie-come-home/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lassie-come-home:lesson:4","title":"Generosity that saves face","text":"At the end the Duke pretends not to recognize his own dog and offers Sam a job, so that the family can keep Lassie without charity or shame. Priscilla's mercy in Scotland and the Duke's tact at home show that the rich can be good neighbors.","work":"Lassie Come-Home","author":"Eric Knight","url":"/works/lassie-come-home/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"latimer-selected-sermons:lesson:1","title":"Plain speech can be dangerous","text":"Latimer's sermons show that clarity before power is not a neutral style choice. Direct language can expose injustice and expose the preacher to retaliation.","work":"Selected Sermons","author":"Hugh Latimer","url":"/works/latimer-selected-sermons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"latimer-selected-sermons:lesson:2","title":"Reform includes economic conduct","text":"Latimer refuses to confine religion to ritual disputes. Greed, rent, labor, and neglect become religious matters because they injure neighbors.","work":"Selected Sermons","author":"Hugh Latimer","url":"/works/latimer-selected-sermons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"latimer-selected-sermons:lesson:3","title":"Satire can awaken conscience","text":"His ridicule is not decorative; it is meant to shame unpreaching prelates and covetous officials into recognition. Homely stories, proverbs, and mockery are his chosen instruments of persuasion.","work":"Selected Sermons","author":"Hugh Latimer","url":"/works/latimer-selected-sermons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry:lesson:1","title":"Weigh everything","text":"Lavoisier's decisive tool was the balance. By weighing what goes into a reaction and what comes out, including the gases earlier chemists let escape, he showed that burning metals gain weight by absorbing part of the air and that fermentation rearranges matter without creating or destroying it. Careful accounting turned chemistry from a collection of recipes into a science of quantities.","work":"Elements of Chemistry","author":"Antoine Lavoisier","url":"/works/lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry:lesson:2","title":"Words shape thought","text":"The Preface argues that facts, ideas and words are like three impressions of one seal. Names such as 'oil of vitriol' or 'flowers of zinc' said nothing about composition; names such as 'sulphuric acid' and 'sulphate of potash' carry the analysis within them. Lavoisier shows that a clear vocabulary is not decoration but an instrument of knowledge.","work":"Elements of Chemistry","author":"Antoine Lavoisier","url":"/works/lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry:lesson:3","title":"An honest definition of an element","text":"Rather than speculate about ultimate atoms, Lavoisier defines an element as whatever analysis has not yet decomposed, and he admits that some of his simple substances may later prove compound. The lime and other earths on his list were later decomposed, which shows the wisdom of the provisional definition.","work":"Elements of Chemistry","author":"Antoine Lavoisier","url":"/works/lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry:lesson:4","title":"Science as a common work","text":"Lavoisier says that frequent conversation with Berthollet, Fourcroy, Laplace and Monge had created a community of opinions in which no one could always tell his own ideas from his friends'. The new chemistry was the work of a circle, and of a household, since Madame Lavoisier drew the plates.","work":"Elements of Chemistry","author":"Antoine Lavoisier","url":"/works/lavoisier-elements-of-chemistry/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lawrence-the-prussian-officer:lesson:1","title":"Authority and the hidden passions","text":"In the title story the Captain uses his rank to act out a feeling he will not name, and the orderly, who has no words for what is happening, answers with violence. Lawrence shows how a passion denied can become cruelty, and how cruelty in a rigid hierarchy has no outlet but disaster. The doctors' silence at the end extends the concealment beyond death.","work":"The Prussian Officer and Other Stories","author":"D. H. Lawrence","url":"/works/lawrence-the-prussian-officer/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lawrence-the-prussian-officer:lesson:2","title":"Marriage seen too late","text":"In Odour of Chrysanthemums Elizabeth has spent the evening angry at a husband she believes is drinking; when he is carried in dead, washing his body shows her that they had never truly known each other. Lawrence makes the laying-out of the dead an act of recognition. The flowers that marked her wedding and his drunkenness now fill the room where he lies.","work":"The Prussian Officer and Other Stories","author":"D. H. Lawrence","url":"/works/lawrence-the-prussian-officer/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lawrence-the-prussian-officer:lesson:3","title":"Choosing life over respectability","text":"Daughters of the Vicar sets two kinds of marriage side by side. Mary chooses security and duty with Mr Massy and holds to it with stern self-sacrifice; Louisa chooses a working man she loves and defies her parents' pride. The story weighs both choices seriously.","work":"The Prussian Officer and Other Stories","author":"D. H. Lawrence","url":"/works/lawrence-the-prussian-officer/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lawrence-the-prussian-officer:lesson:4","title":"The mining country","text":"Half the collection is set in Midland pit villages: the colliery headstocks, the Union pay at the chapel, the danger underground, the compensation money, the strong Nottinghamshire dialect. Lawrence, a miner's son, renders this world from within, with both its hardness and its tenderness.","work":"The Prussian Officer and Other Stories","author":"D. H. Lawrence","url":"/works/lawrence-the-prussian-officer/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"laws-of-thought:lesson:1","title":"Logic can become an instrument","text":"Boole turns inference from an art of verbal judgment into a symbolic apparatus. The lesson is that formalization does not merely describe reasoning; it creates new tools for extending and testing it.","work":"An Investigation of the Laws of Thought","author":"George Boole","url":"/works/laws-of-thought/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"laws-of-thought:lesson:2","title":"Binary simplicity can carry complex worlds","text":"Boole's zeros and ones are austere, but they allow intricate relations to be built from absence and presence. Digital culture inherits this paradox: the simplest distinctions can support vast structures of meaning.","work":"An Investigation of the Laws of Thought","author":"George Boole","url":"/works/laws-of-thought/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"laws-of-thought:lesson:3","title":"Formal systems still rest on interpretation","text":"Boole's symbols work because a reader assigns them to classes, propositions, or probabilities. The book reminds us that no formalism is self-explaining; it depends on conventions and disciplined translation.","work":"An Investigation of the Laws of Thought","author":"George Boole","url":"/works/laws-of-thought/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"le-morte-darthur:lesson:1","title":"An oath that measures every knight","text":"In Book III Arthur makes his knights swear never to commit murder or treason, to give mercy to those who ask it, to succour women, and never to fight in a wrongful quarrel for gain. The rest of the book tests every knight against that oath, and the Round Table falls when private loyalties outweigh it.","work":"Le Morte d'Arthur","author":"Thomas Malory","url":"/works/le-morte-darthur/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"le-morte-darthur:lesson:2","title":"The best knight of the world and the holiest","text":"Launcelot is the finest knight in courtesy and arms, but on the Grail quest he learns that worldly prowess cannot reach the holy vessel while he clings to his sin. Galahad, his son, achieves what his father cannot. Malory honors both kinds of knighthood while ranking holiness above glory.","work":"Le Morte d'Arthur","author":"Thomas Malory","url":"/works/le-morte-darthur/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"le-morte-darthur:lesson:3","title":"Divided loyalties","text":"Launcelot loves Arthur and loves the queen; Gawaine loves Arthur and loves his brothers; Arthur loves his queen and his fellowship. In Book XX each is forced to choose, and Arthur's lament that queens could be replaced but such a fellowship never could shows what is being lost.","work":"Le Morte d'Arthur","author":"Thomas Malory","url":"/works/le-morte-darthur/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"le-morte-darthur:lesson:4","title":"Penitence at the end","text":"After the last battle Guenever becomes a nun and Launcelot a priest, and both die doing penance. Malory gives the great lovers not a tragic triumph but a turning to God, and the book ends with the author himself asking his readers' prayers.","work":"Le Morte d'Arthur","author":"Thomas Malory","url":"/works/le-morte-darthur/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lectures-on-clinical-psychiatry:lesson:1","title":"Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry teaches historical caution","text":"Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry","author":"Emil Kraepelin","url":"/works/lectures-on-clinical-psychiatry/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lectures-on-clinical-psychiatry:lesson:2","title":"Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry","author":"Emil Kraepelin","url":"/works/lectures-on-clinical-psychiatry/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lectures-on-clinical-psychiatry:lesson:3","title":"Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry","author":"Emil Kraepelin","url":"/works/lectures-on-clinical-psychiatry/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lectures-on-clinical-psychiatry:lesson:4","title":"Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry","author":"Emil Kraepelin","url":"/works/lectures-on-clinical-psychiatry/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lectures-on-revivals-of-religion:lesson:1","title":"Methods are never neutral","text":"Finney's confidence in revival measures shows the power and danger of technique. Tools that focus attention can awaken conviction, but they can also manipulate vulnerability.","work":"Lectures on Revivals of Religion","author":"Charles Finney","url":"/works/lectures-on-revivals-of-religion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lectures-on-revivals-of-religion:lesson:2","title":"Religious energy can become reform energy","text":"Finney connects conversion with activism, especially in antebellum reform culture. Revival is not merely private feeling but a way to mobilize institutions and causes.","work":"Lectures on Revivals of Religion","author":"Charles Finney","url":"/works/lectures-on-revivals-of-religion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lectures-on-revivals-of-religion:lesson:3","title":"Urgency changes pastoral care","text":"The lectures favor immediate decision over slow discernment. That urgency can break paralysis, but it may also mishandle complex distress.","work":"Lectures on Revivals of Religion","author":"Charles Finney","url":"/works/lectures-on-revivals-of-religion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lectures-on-the-diseases-of-the-nervous-system:lesson:1","title":"Lectures on the Diseases of the Ne teaches historical caution","text":"Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System","author":"Jean-Martin Charcot","url":"/works/lectures-on-the-diseases-of-the-nervous-system/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lectures-on-the-diseases-of-the-nervous-system:lesson:2","title":"Lectures on the Diseases of the Ne links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System","author":"Jean-Martin Charcot","url":"/works/lectures-on-the-diseases-of-the-nervous-system/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lectures-on-the-diseases-of-the-nervous-system:lesson:3","title":"Lectures on the Diseases of the Ne complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System","author":"Jean-Martin Charcot","url":"/works/lectures-on-the-diseases-of-the-nervous-system/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lectures-on-the-diseases-of-the-nervous-system:lesson:4","title":"Lectures on the Diseases of the Ne warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System","author":"Jean-Martin Charcot","url":"/works/lectures-on-the-diseases-of-the-nervous-system/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"legal-tender-cases:lesson:1","title":"Sovereignty and self-preservation","text":"Strong and Bradley read the Constitution as creating a full national government equipped to survive emergencies, with powers comparable to those of other sovereign nations. Their dissenting colleagues read it as a grant of enumerated powers that stops where the text and the framers' choices stop.","work":"Legal Tender Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/legal-tender-cases/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"legal-tender-cases:lesson:2","title":"Powers drawn from many grants together","text":"Strong argues that some implied powers flow from the aggregate of express powers rather than from one clause. This reasoning made it unnecessary to tie the tender clause to a single grant, but critics asked where such reasoning would stop.","work":"Legal Tender Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/legal-tender-cases/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"legal-tender-cases:lesson:3","title":"Precedent and a changed Court","text":"The Court reversed itself within fifteen months after two new justices joined. Strong defends correcting a serious constitutional error decided by an incomplete bench; Chase replies that the reversal was produced by no change in anyone's opinion. The episode remains a classic study in the authority of precedent.","work":"Legal Tender Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/legal-tender-cases/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"legal-tender-cases:lesson:4","title":"What a lender agrees to","text":"Strong holds that contracts are made subject to the government's lawful powers, so a creditor bears the risk of legislation affecting the currency. Field answers that the Constitution was ordained to establish justice and that a promise to pay should be fulfilled in substance, not in name.","work":"Legal Tender Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/legal-tender-cases/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"leibniz-logical-writings:lesson:1","title":"A notation can become an imagination","text":"Binary arithmetic is mathematically simple, but Leibniz treats it as a way to imagine order. The lesson is that symbolic systems can reshape what thinkers believe is possible.","work":"Logical Writings on Binary Arithmetic and Universal Character","author":"Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz","url":"/works/leibniz-logical-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"leibniz-logical-writings:lesson:2","title":"Calculation was once a peace project","text":"Leibniz's dream of settling disputes by calculation was not merely technical. It expressed hope that clearer representation could reduce confusion, conflict, and bad faith.","work":"Logical Writings on Binary Arithmetic and Universal Character","author":"Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz","url":"/works/leibniz-logical-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"leibniz-logical-writings:lesson:3","title":"Prophecy should not erase distance","text":"Leibniz anticipates themes later central to computing, but he worked in a very different intellectual and technical world. Reading him well means honoring both resemblance and historical distance.","work":"Logical Writings on Binary Arithmetic and Universal Character","author":"Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz","url":"/works/leibniz-logical-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"leipzig-disputation:lesson:1","title":"The disputation as a school of argument","text":"Leipzig was a formal university disputation with agreed rules, notaries and appointed judges. It shows how late medieval scholars tested claims publicly, and how much depended on preparation, memory and command of authorities.","work":"The Leipzig Disputation","author":"Martin Luther, Johann Eck, and Andreas Karlstadt","url":"/works/leipzig-disputation/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"leipzig-disputation:lesson:2","title":"Authority: Scripture, fathers, councils and popes","text":"The central question was where final authority in the Church lies. Eck argued that the papacy was established by Christ and confirmed by fathers and councils; Luther argued that Scripture stands above popes and councils, which can err.","work":"The Leipzig Disputation","author":"Martin Luther, Johann Eck, and Andreas Karlstadt","url":"/works/leipzig-disputation/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"leipzig-disputation:lesson:3","title":"The weight of a name: Jan Hus","text":"Eck's strategy was to show that Luther's position led to that of Hus, condemned and burned at the Council of Constance in 1415. Luther's admission that some of Hus's articles were Christian made the debate a turning point in his own career.","work":"The Leipzig Disputation","author":"Martin Luther, Johann Eck, and Andreas Karlstadt","url":"/works/leipzig-disputation/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"leipzig-disputation:lesson:4","title":"Grace and the will before Erasmus","text":"The opening exchange between Eck and Karlstadt took up whether the will has a part of its own in good works. The same question, argued here in scholastic terms, returned in the debate between Erasmus and Luther in 1524-1525.","work":"The Leipzig Disputation","author":"Martin Luther, Johann Eck, and Andreas Karlstadt","url":"/works/leipzig-disputation/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lemon-v-kurtzman:lesson:1","title":"Building a test from earlier cases","text":"Burger did not invent his three questions; he collected purpose and effect from Schempp and Allen and entanglement from Walz. The resulting formula promised predictability, and for decades lawyers and judges began every Establishment Clause case by applying it.","work":"Lemon v. Kurtzman","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lemon-v-kurtzman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lemon-v-kurtzman:lesson:2","title":"The teacher is not a textbook","text":"In Board of Education v. Allen (1968) the Court had upheld lending secular textbooks to parochial-school pupils. Burger distinguished Allen on the ground that a book's content can be checked once, while a teacher's influence must be watched continually. The more safeguards a state added to keep aid secular, the more entangled it became.","work":"Lemon v. Kurtzman","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lemon-v-kurtzman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lemon-v-kurtzman:lesson:3","title":"Religion and political division","text":"Burger argued that recurring appropriations for church schools would divide voters along religious lines, a danger he traced to the purposes of the First Amendment. Critics have replied that citizens of faith regularly take part in political debate and that division alone should not decide a constitutional question.","work":"Lemon v. Kurtzman","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lemon-v-kurtzman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lemon-v-kurtzman:lesson:4","title":"Appreciation and limits","text":"Burger closed by praising the enormous contribution of church schools and acknowledging their economic difficulties, while holding that the merits of the schools were not the question. White answered that the states were entitled to support the secular education those schools provide. The exchange shows how a court may esteem an institution yet deny it a particular kind of aid.","work":"Lemon v. Kurtzman","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lemon-v-kurtzman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lepanto:lesson:1","title":"Sound as meaning","text":"Lepanto is meant to be heard. Alliteration (Dim drums throbbing, Strong gongs groaning), internal rhyme, and the returning refrain give the poem the rhythm of a march and a battle, so that the coming of Don John is felt before it is understood.","work":"Lepanto","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/lepanto/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lepanto:lesson:2","title":"One knight against indifference","text":"Chesterton sets Don John against a sleeping Christendom: the queen at her mirror, the Valois yawning at Mass, the North quarrelling over texts, Philip brooding in his closet. Heroism in the poem is the willingness of one man to answer when the great powers will not.","work":"Lepanto","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/lepanto/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lepanto:lesson:3","title":"The freeing of the captives","text":"The climax is not a kill but a release: thousands of Christian galley slaves below the Ottoman decks come up into the light. Chesterton presents the battle as deliverance, and his Latin shouts give the glory to God.","work":"Lepanto","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/lepanto/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"les-miserables:lesson:1","title":"The candlesticks: mercy that creates a debt of love","text":"Bishop Myriel answers theft with a gift and tells Valjean that he has bought his soul for God. The rest of the novel shows Valjean repaying that mercy by showing it to others: to Fantine, Cosette, Fauchelevent, Champmathieu, Javert and Marius. Hugo presents grace as something that obliges without compelling.","work":"Les Misérables","author":"Victor Hugo","url":"/works/les-miserables/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"les-miserables:lesson:2","title":"A tempest in a skull","text":"When Champmathieu is about to be condemned in his place, Valjean argues with himself through a long night: his town and workers need him, the accused man is no saint, silence would harm no one he can see. Hugo dramatizes conscience as a real struggle, and Valjean chooses truth at the cost of everything he has built.","work":"Les Misérables","author":"Victor Hugo","url":"/works/les-miserables/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"les-miserables:lesson:3","title":"Javert: law without mercy","text":"Javert is honest, brave and incorruptible, and he believes the law cannot be wrong. When Valjean spares his life and he lets Valjean go, his whole idea of the world collapses. Hugo makes him a tragic figure rather than a simple villain, a man whose virtue lacks the one thing needed.","work":"Les Misérables","author":"Victor Hugo","url":"/works/les-miserables/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"les-miserables:lesson:4","title":"The poor are neighbors, not a category","text":"Hugo's preface names the degradation of men by poverty, the ruin of women by hunger and the stunting of children by ignorance. Through Fantine, Cosette, Éponine and Gavroche he gives these problems faces and names, and through the bishop and Valjean he shows personal charity at work beside his call for schools and reforms.","work":"Les Misérables","author":"Victor Hugo","url":"/works/les-miserables/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"les-miserables:lesson:5","title":"Fatherhood chosen","text":"Valjean, who never married, becomes a father by rescuing Cosette from the Thénardiers and spending his life on her. His last sacrifice is to step aside from her happiness. Hugo sets this chosen fatherhood against Thénardier's neglect of his own children and Gillenormand's prickly, devoted love for Marius.","work":"Les Misérables","author":"Victor Hugo","url":"/works/les-miserables/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"letters-and-papers-from-prison:lesson:1","title":"God at the centre of life, not its edges","text":"Bonhoeffer rejects a faith that retreats to whatever science and medicine cannot yet explain. He asks instead how belief speaks to people in their strength, health and ordinary responsibilities.","work":"Letters and Papers from Prison","author":"Dietrich Bonhoeffer","url":"/works/letters-and-papers-from-prison/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"letters-and-papers-from-prison:lesson:2","title":"The divided self under strain","text":"'Who Am I?' contrasts the composed prisoner admired by guards with the inwardly anxious, homesick and exhausted man. The poem explores whether identity lies in public conduct, private feeling or something beyond both.","work":"Letters and Papers from Prison","author":"Dietrich Bonhoeffer","url":"/works/letters-and-papers-from-prison/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"letters-and-papers-from-prison:lesson:3","title":"Responsible action means accepting guilt","text":"'After Ten Years' argues that people of conscience who keep their hands clean may still fail their neighbours. Bonhoeffer's decision to join a conspiracy to kill Hitler embodies an ethics that acts and bears the guilt of acting.","work":"Letters and Papers from Prison","author":"Dietrich Bonhoeffer","url":"/works/letters-and-papers-from-prison/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"letters-and-papers-from-prison:lesson:4","title":"Disciplines for surviving confinement","text":"The letters show deliberate routines: fixed hours, reading plans, exercise, prayer, letter-writing, and attention to small pleasures. They read as a practical record of how one person preserved sanity and purpose in prison.","work":"Letters and Papers from Prison","author":"Dietrich Bonhoeffer","url":"/works/letters-and-papers-from-prison/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania:lesson:1","title":"The purpose of a law tells you what it is","text":"Dickinson concedes that Parliament may regulate the trade of the empire, and he does not quarrel with duties that serve that end. His argument is that the Townshend duties announce in their own preamble that they exist to raise a revenue. By reading the words of the statute closely, he shows that a measure called a duty can in fact be a tax.","work":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","author":"John Dickinson","url":"/works/letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania:lesson:2","title":"Resistance with dignity","text":"The Farmer is firm about rights and careful about means. Letter III sets out an order of action: petitions, then economic pressure, and force only at the very last. He believes a just cause can be harmed by turbulence and that calm, lawful conduct persuades friends abroad and keeps the colonists' own consciences clear.","work":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","author":"John Dickinson","url":"/works/letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania:lesson:3","title":"Small precedents and the habit of vigilance","text":"Dickinson asks readers to judge a measure by what it makes possible, not only by what it costs now. A small duty, once accepted, becomes a precedent for larger ones, so he calls for a perpetual jealousy over liberty. Letter VII's definition of a free people rests on constitutional checks rather than on the good intentions of rulers.","work":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","author":"John Dickinson","url":"/works/letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania:lesson:4","title":"The cause of one is the cause of all","text":"From the first letter, Dickinson argues that the colonies stand or fall together. New York's suspended assembly matters to Pennsylvania because the same power could be turned on any province. His closing letter makes benevolence and unanimity among the colonies a condition of preserving their rights.","work":"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania","author":"John Dickinson","url":"/works/letters-from-a-farmer-in-pennsylvania/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"letters-from-a-stoic:lesson:1","title":"Practice before crisis","text":"Seneca wants philosophy rehearsed daily so terror does not improvise our response. Preparation is part of freedom.","work":"Letters from a Stoic","author":"Seneca","url":"/works/letters-from-a-stoic/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"letters-from-a-stoic:lesson:2","title":"External goods are unstable","text":"Health, wealth and reputation can vanish, so Seneca relocates value in character. The move is empowering and severe.","work":"Letters from a Stoic","author":"Seneca","url":"/works/letters-from-a-stoic/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"letters-from-a-stoic:lesson:3","title":"Counsel needs candor","text":"The letters model friendship as moral treatment: warm, corrective and persistent. Advice is intimate because character is shared work.","work":"Letters from a Stoic","author":"Seneca","url":"/works/letters-from-a-stoic/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"letters-of-napoleon:lesson:1","title":"Command as correspondence","text":"Napoleon governed an empire largely through dictated letters that specified quantities, dates and names. The collection shows how power in the age before the telegraph depended on a ruler's capacity to process and issue information at speed.","work":"Letters of Napoleon","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","url":"/works/letters-of-napoleon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"letters-of-napoleon:lesson:2","title":"The lover and the conqueror in one voice","text":"The 1796 letters to Joséphine share their urgency and possessiveness with the military dispatches written the same week. Reading them together raises the question of how private passion and public ambition fed each other.","work":"Letters of Napoleon","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","url":"/works/letters-of-napoleon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"letters-of-napoleon:lesson:3","title":"Family as an instrument of empire","text":"Napoleon placed siblings on thrones and then treated them as subordinate officials, demanding obedience over local loyalty. The letters to Louis and Joseph show dynasty and bureaucracy colliding.","work":"Letters of Napoleon","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","url":"/works/letters-of-napoleon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"letters-of-napoleon:lesson:4","title":"What the bulletins leave out","text":"Letters from Jaffa, Spain and Russia minimise losses, disease and atrocity. Comparing them with soldiers' memoirs teaches how official correspondence manages catastrophe.","work":"Letters of Napoleon","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","url":"/works/letters-of-napoleon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"levi-strauss-structural-anthropology:lesson:1","title":"Meaning lies in relations","text":"Lévi-Strauss borrows from linguistics the idea that a sound has meaning only by its difference from other sounds. He applies it to kinship, myth and art: no single element explains itself, and the anthropologist must look for the system of oppositions.","work":"Structural Anthropology","author":"Claude Lévi-Strauss","url":"/works/levi-strauss-structural-anthropology/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"levi-strauss-structural-anthropology:lesson:2","title":"Belief and healing","text":"In the essays on the sorcerer and on symbolic effectiveness, Lévi-Strauss argues that a cure works within a shared system of meaning: the patient believes, the healer believes, and the community confirms. Quesalid began as a sceptic and ended as a respected healer because his patients recovered.","work":"Structural Anthropology","author":"Claude Lévi-Strauss","url":"/works/levi-strauss-structural-anthropology/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"levi-strauss-structural-anthropology:lesson:3","title":"Reading myths as systems","text":"The Structural Study of Myth proposes that a myth is made of all its versions and that its meaning lies in the arrangement of recurring oppositions rather than in the plot. The analysis of the Oedipus story is the most famous illustration of the method, and also its most debated.","work":"Structural Anthropology","author":"Claude Lévi-Strauss","url":"/works/levi-strauss-structural-anthropology/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"leviathan:lesson:1","title":"Fear as the founding political emotion","text":"Hobbes builds the state from the fear of violent death rather than from virtue or divine appointment. The argument forces readers to ask what security is worth and what liberties people will trade for it.","work":"Leviathan","author":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"/works/leviathan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"leviathan:lesson:2","title":"Madness as passion in excess","text":"Chapter VIII classifies madness by passions, pride producing rage and dejection producing melancholy, and notes that drunkenness reveals the same disorder. Hobbes's naturalism removes madness from demonic possession and places it on a continuum with ordinary emotion.","work":"Leviathan","author":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"/works/leviathan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"leviathan:lesson:3","title":"Words govern before swords do","text":"Leviathan insists that misused language, absurd definitions and seditious books destroy states. Control of doctrine, education and interpretation is therefore one of the sovereign's essential powers, a claim that sharpens debates about censorship.","work":"Leviathan","author":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"/works/leviathan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"leviathan:lesson:4","title":"The body politic and its diseases","text":"Hobbes's analogies between the commonwealth and a human body extend to pathology: epilepsy, ague, pleurisy, worms and bulimia. The metaphor shows how seventeenth-century medicine shaped political thinking about order and disorder.","work":"Leviathan","author":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"/works/leviathan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lewis-the-abolition-of-man:lesson:1","title":"Education trains the affections","text":"Lewis recovers the classical and Christian view that the aim of education is not only to inform but to teach the young to like and dislike what they ought. A pupil taught that every value judgment is merely a feeling has been given a philosophy without knowing it.","work":"The Abolition of Man","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/lewis-the-abolition-of-man/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lewis-the-abolition-of-man:lesson:2","title":"No values from outside the Tao","text":"Lecture II argues that every attempt to build an ethic from instinct or from bare utility smuggles in some part of traditional morality. Lewis's point is that moral first principles are not invented but recognized.","work":"The Abolition of Man","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/lewis-the-abolition-of-man/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lewis-the-abolition-of-man:lesson:3","title":"Power over nature as power over men","text":"Lewis argues that every technical advance gives some people power over others, including power of the present over the future. When that power reaches human nature itself, the question of which values guide it becomes decisive.","work":"The Abolition of Man","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/lewis-the-abolition-of-man/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lewis-the-abolition-of-man:lesson:4","title":"The common moral inheritance","text":"The appendix gathers parallel teachings from many civilizations to show that the Tao is not one culture's private code. Lewis presents the parallels as evidence, not as a claim that all religions are the same.","work":"The Abolition of Man","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/lewis-the-abolition-of-man/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lex-rex:lesson:1","title":"The ruler stands under the law he enforces","text":"Rutherford's title reverses the royalist maxim that the king is the law: the law is king. In question XXVI he argues that a king exists only by a law that makes this man rather than another king, so the law is prior to him and limits him. The king may be called a living law, but only as the law put into practice.","work":"Lex, Rex","author":"Samuel Rutherford","url":"/works/lex-rex/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lex-rex:lesson:2","title":"Authority comes from God by way of the people","text":"Rutherford keeps two claims together that his opponents set against each other. Government is God's ordinance, and Romans 13 binds the conscience to it; yet God gives a particular ruler through the consent of a community, as Israel made Saul and David kings. A covenant between king and people, he argues, binds both sides before God.","work":"Lex, Rex","author":"Samuel Rutherford","url":"/works/lex-rex/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lex-rex:lesson:3","title":"Distinguishing the office from the person","text":"The heart of Rutherford's case for defensive war is a distinction: the office of the king is from God and must be obeyed, but a ruler who commands unlawful violence is not using that office. Resisting the abuse, he argues, is not resisting the ordinance. He sets limits: a private man must first plead and, where flight is possible, flee before using force, and a people should suffer much before acting through their estates.","work":"Lex, Rex","author":"Samuel Rutherford","url":"/works/lex-rex/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lex-rex:lesson:4","title":"Disputation as a way of reasoning in public","text":"Lex, Rex is written as forty-four disputed questions, each with assertions, objections and answers. The form makes Rutherford state his opponents' arguments, often in their own words, before replying. Following one question through shows how seventeenth-century divines argued from Scripture, natural law, Roman law and history together.","work":"Lex, Rex","author":"Samuel Rutherford","url":"/works/lex-rex/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"life-of-st-martin:lesson:1","title":"Charity begins before office","text":"Martin's defining act occurs before he is bishop, monk, or famous miracle worker. The cloak story teaches that sanctity begins in ordinary bodily need: cold, exposure, and the willingness to lose half one's covering.","work":"Life of St. Martin","author":"Sulpitius Severus; Alexander Roberts","url":"/works/life-of-st-martin/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"life-of-st-martin:lesson:2","title":"Illness becomes a test of presence","text":"Sulpitius repeatedly places Martin near fever, poison, death, leprosy, and possession. The saint's authority appears through touch, prayer, staying near the frightening body, and refusing to abandon sufferers.","work":"Life of St. Martin","author":"Sulpitius Severus; Alexander Roberts","url":"/works/life-of-st-martin/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"life-of-st-martin:lesson:3","title":"Possession language has social work to do","text":"Demon stories are not simply failed psychiatry. They assign agency, danger, moral conflict, and pastoral authority in a world where mental and spiritual disturbance were not cleanly separated.","work":"Life of St. Martin","author":"Sulpitius Severus; Alexander Roberts","url":"/works/life-of-st-martin/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"life-of-st-martin:lesson:4","title":"A deathbed can become a final teaching","text":"Martin's fever, sackcloth, ashes, and prayerful indecision between death and service turn dying into pastoral instruction. The body at its weakest becomes the saint's last argument.","work":"Life of St. Martin","author":"Sulpitius Severus; Alexander Roberts","url":"/works/life-of-st-martin/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus:lesson:1","title":"Prayer as friendship","text":"In Chapter VIII Teresa defines mental prayer as being on terms of friendship with God and conversing often with Him who loves us. She urges even those who pray badly not to give it up, since she herself abandoned prayer and returned to it. Prayer, for her, is less a technique than a relationship kept up through faithfulness.","work":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","author":"Teresa of Avila","url":"/works/life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus:lesson:2","title":"The four waters: effort and grace","text":"Teresa's garden can be watered from a well with much labor, by a wheel, by a stream, or by rain. As the soul advances, God does more and the gardener less, until the rain falls without labor. The image keeps together human effort and divine gift, and warns beginners not to expect the later waters by their own striving.","work":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","author":"Teresa of Avila","url":"/works/life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus:lesson:3","title":"Humility and discernment","text":"Teresa submits every grace to her confessors, writes because she is commanded, and admits she may be deceived. She gives tests for telling true locutions from false: the true leave peace, humility and a desire to obey. Her caution is part of her holiness, not opposed to it.","work":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","author":"Teresa of Avila","url":"/works/life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus:lesson:4","title":"Reform begins small","text":"Moved by a vision of hell and by news of divisions in the Church, Teresa founds a house of only thirteen nuns living in poverty and enclosure. The city rises against her and her own monastery censures her, yet the small house becomes the root of a reform across Spain. The lesson is that renewal can begin with a few people living faithfully.","work":"The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus","author":"Teresa of Avila","url":"/works/life-of-st-teresa-of-jesus/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"life-on-the-mississippi:lesson:1","title":"Knowledge has a price","text":"Once the cub has mastered the language of the water, a glorious sunset becomes a list of warnings about wind, snags, and shoals. Twain says that he gained a valuable trade and lost the river's poetry, and he compares himself with a doctor who can no longer see a beautiful face without reading the signs of disease. Expertise changes how we see.","work":"Life on the Mississippi","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/life-on-the-mississippi/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"life-on-the-mississippi:lesson:2","title":"Apprenticeship and humility","text":"The cub begins proud of having a new career and is repeatedly humbled: he forgets every point Bixby named, panics at a shoal call, and learns that the river at night is a different river. Bixby's teaching is harsh but effective, and Twain's comic self-portrait shows that mastery comes only through long, humbling practice.","work":"Life on the Mississippi","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/life-on-the-mississippi/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"life-on-the-mississippi:lesson:3","title":"Grief told plainly","text":"After chapters of comedy Twain tells of Henry's death in short, controlled sentences: the extra that says he is not hurt, the later extra that says he is hurt beyond help, the six days in the Memphis hall, and the move to the death-room. The restraint makes the sorrow stronger and shows how an honest writer handles personal loss.","work":"Life on the Mississippi","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/life-on-the-mississippi/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"life-on-the-mississippi:lesson:4","title":"A changing river, a changing country","text":"Returning after twenty-one years, Twain finds the old packets gone, railroads and towboats in their place, his landmarks washed away, and new cities rising upriver. The second half of the book is a record of how fast America changed after the Civil War, and of how memory measures that change.","work":"Life on the Mississippi","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/life-on-the-mississippi/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lincoln-douglas-debates:lesson:1","title":"Popular sovereignty and the question of a moral limit","text":"Douglas held that the people of each territory should settle slavery for themselves, a principle he presented as the heart of self-government and the surest way to keep national politics from tearing the country apart. Lincoln answered that a people may decide indifferent questions as they please but cannot be said to have a right to do a wrong. The debates show how a dispute about procedure, who decides, rested on a prior dispute about substance, what is being decided.","work":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","author":"Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas","url":"/works/lincoln-douglas-debates/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lincoln-douglas-debates:lesson:2","title":"Asking the question that divides an opponent's coalition","text":"Lincoln's second question at Freeport forced Douglas to reconcile the Dred Scott decision, which denied Congress power to exclude slavery from a territory, with popular sovereignty. Douglas's answer satisfied many Illinois Democrats but alarmed Southern Democrats. The exchange shows how a carefully framed question can expose a strain between two commitments an opponent holds at once.","work":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","author":"Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas","url":"/works/lincoln-douglas-debates/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lincoln-douglas-debates:lesson:3","title":"The founders as authorities on both sides","text":"Both candidates appealed constantly to the fathers. Douglas pointed to a Union that had existed for seventy years half slave and half free; Lincoln pointed to the Northwest Ordinance, the closing of the African slave trade, and the founders' expectation that slavery would end. The debates show that an appeal to tradition requires an account of what the tradition actually intended.","work":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","author":"Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas","url":"/works/lincoln-douglas-debates/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lincoln-douglas-debates:lesson:4","title":"Public sentiment and the office of the speaker","text":"At Ottawa Lincoln argued that in a self-governing community the person who shapes public opinion does more than the legislator or the judge, because opinion makes statutes and decisions possible to enforce. The debates themselves, attended by thousands and printed in full in the newspapers, were an attempt by both men to form that opinion.","work":"The Lincoln-Douglas Debates","author":"Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas","url":"/works/lincoln-douglas-debates/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lincoln-second-inaugural-address:lesson:1","title":"Humility in judgment","text":"At the moment of victory Lincoln declines to claim that God is simply on the Union's side. Both armies pray to the same God, neither prayer has been answered fully, and the war is a woe due to North and South together. He condemns slavery plainly while refusing to set his own section above judgment.","work":"Second Inaugural Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/lincoln-second-inaugural-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lincoln-second-inaugural-address:lesson:2","title":"Providence and responsibility","text":"Lincoln interprets the war as part of God's purposes without making human beings mere puppets: offenses must needs come, yet woe to the one by whom they come. He holds divine sovereignty and human guilt together, as the verse he quotes from Matthew does.","work":"Second Inaugural Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/lincoln-second-inaugural-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lincoln-second-inaugural-address:lesson:3","title":"Mercy after justice","text":"The address moves from the hard justice of blood for blood to a closing sentence of charity, healing, and care for the wounded and bereaved. Lincoln shows that a just verdict on the past does not cancel the duty of mercy toward former enemies and the war's victims.","work":"Second Inaugural Address","author":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"/works/lincoln-second-inaugural-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"linder-v-united-states:lesson:1","title":"Enumerated powers and the practice of medicine","text":"McReynolds rests the decision on the structure of the Constitution: the national government has delegated powers only, and regulating the practice of medicine belongs to the states. A tax law may touch medicine only as needed to collect the tax. The lesson is that how a law is justified determines how far it can reach.","work":"Linder v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/linder-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"linder-v-united-states:lesson:2","title":"Addiction as a condition for medical care","text":"The opinion describes addicts as diseased and proper subjects for treatment, and it treats a doctor's good-faith effort to relieve conditions incident to addiction as medicine rather than commerce. This was a significant statement at a time when enforcement officials regarded most such prescribing as unlawful.","work":"Linder v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/linder-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"linder-v-united-states:lesson:3","title":"Reading precedents by their facts","text":"Rather than overrule Webb, Jin Fuey Moy or Behrman, McReynolds limits each to its circumstances: fifty-cent orders by the thousand, fees charged by the dram, three thousand doses at once. Students can see here how a court narrows broad language in earlier opinions by asking what those cases actually decided.","work":"Linder v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/linder-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"linder-v-united-states:lesson:4","title":"Good faith and evidence","text":"The Court insists that whether a physician acted in bona fide medical practice must be determined from evidence and circumstances, not presumed from the bare fact that the patient was addicted. At the same time it warns that pretense cannot legalize forbidden sales.","work":"Linder v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/linder-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-bear:lesson:1","title":"You already have what you need","text":"Little Bear asks for a hat, a coat and snow pants, and still feels cold. His mother shows him that the warm fur coat he wants was his all along. Children can learn to notice and be thankful for the good gifts they already have before asking for more.","work":"Little Bear","author":"Else Holmelund Minarik","url":"/works/little-bear/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-bear:lesson:2","title":"A mother does not forget","text":"Little Bear thinks Mother Bear has forgotten his birthday, but she was busy getting his cake. Instead of sulking, he makes soup and welcomes his friends. The story shows a child who keeps being kind while he waits, and a mother whose love was there even when he could not see it.","work":"Little Bear","author":"Else Holmelund Minarik","url":"/works/little-bear/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-bear:lesson:3","title":"Pretending together","text":"When Little Bear says he has flown to the moon, Mother Bear does not scold him for being silly. She plays along, and then lets him bring the game home. Imagination is a gift, and a wise parent can enjoy it with a child while keeping him close to what is real.","work":"Little Bear","author":"Else Holmelund Minarik","url":"/works/little-bear/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-bear:lesson:4","title":"The best story is your own","text":"Mother Bear cannot give Little Bear a cloud to ride, but she can tell him a story about the things he has really done. The book ends by turning its own adventures into a bedtime tale, which teaches children that their ordinary days, remembered with love, are worth telling.","work":"Little Bear","author":"Else Holmelund Minarik","url":"/works/little-bear/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-britches:lesson:1","title":"A man's word","text":"Father punishes Ralph's lies not chiefly for the act but for what lying does to a person's character, and he answers Ralph's repentance by making him a partner. The book shows honesty as the foundation of trust between father and son and of a good name among neighbors.","work":"Little Britches","author":"Ralph Moody","url":"/works/little-britches/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-britches:lesson:2","title":"Work that makes a man","text":"Ralph wants above all to be accepted in a man's world, and he earns it by herding, haying, threshing and training horses. Moody shows a boy taking real responsibility early and being honored for it, culminating in Father's words in Littleton and Mother's signal at the supper table.","work":"Little Britches","author":"Ralph Moody","url":"/works/little-britches/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-britches:lesson:3","title":"Neighbors and fairness","text":"The Moodys depend on neighbors such as Fred Aultland and Hi Beckman, and they also suffer from neighbors who take the water. Father first negotiates and later goes to court. The book shows how scarce water tested justice among western ranchers.","work":"Little Britches","author":"Ralph Moody","url":"/works/little-britches/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-britches:lesson:4","title":"Grief and responsibility","text":"Father's death comes suddenly after a fall and pneumonia, when Ralph is eleven. The book ends not with despair but with Ralph taking up the duties his father has prepared him for.","work":"Little Britches","author":"Ralph Moody","url":"/works/little-britches/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-house-in-the-big-woods:lesson:1","title":"Work done together makes a home","text":"Every season in the Big Woods has its work: smoking meat, churning, sugaring, cheese-making and harvest. Even small children help, and the work is shown as part of family love rather than a burden.","work":"Little House in the Big Woods","author":"Laura Ingalls Wilder","url":"/works/little-house-in-the-big-woods/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-house-in-the-big-woods:lesson:2","title":"Obedience keeps us safe","text":"Pa's story about the voice in the woods and Charley's false cries for help both show that disobeying or playing tricks can lead to real danger. When Charley truly needs help, no one believes he is in trouble until they see him.","work":"Little House in the Big Woods","author":"Laura Ingalls Wilder","url":"/works/little-house-in-the-big-woods/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-house-in-the-big-woods:lesson:3","title":"Fear and courage in the dark","text":"Ma stays calm when she finds a bear in the barnyard and gets Laura safely inside, and Pa decides to face what he thinks is a bear on the road home. The chapter shows both real danger and the fears that darkness makes bigger than they are.","work":"Little House in the Big Woods","author":"Laura Ingalls Wilder","url":"/works/little-house-in-the-big-woods/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-house-in-the-big-woods:lesson:4","title":"Kindness and jealousy between sisters","text":"Laura and Mary share their cookies with baby Carrie, but Laura also slaps Mary when Mary boasts about her golden hair. The book shows that sisters can love each other and still be tempted to jealousy, and that wrongs are corrected and forgiven in the family.","work":"Little House in the Big Woods","author":"Laura Ingalls Wilder","url":"/works/little-house-in-the-big-woods/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-house-on-the-prairie:lesson:1","title":"Making a home with your hands","text":"Almost everything in the cabin is made by Pa from what is near: walls from creek-bottom logs, a door hung on wooden hinges, a chimney of sticks and clay, a floor of split logs. Wilder slows down to show each step, so that a child sees how much work, skill and patience lie behind a roof, a door and a warm hearth.","work":"Little House on the Prairie","author":"Laura Ingalls Wilder","url":"/works/little-house-on-the-prairie/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-house-on-the-prairie:lesson:2","title":"Neighbors in a lonely place","text":"Out on the prairie, help is a long way off, and the family's life depends on neighbors. Mr. Edwards helps raise the house and wades the flooded creek at Christmas, Pa goes down the well for Mr. Scott, and Mrs. Scott and Dr. Tan nurse the family when everyone is too sick to fetch water.","work":"Little House on the Prairie","author":"Laura Ingalls Wilder","url":"/works/little-house-on-the-prairie/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-house-on-the-prairie:lesson:3","title":"Courage that stays calm","text":"Ma meets wolves, strangers in her kitchen, a chimney fire and nights of war cries without panic, and she expects the girls to keep their manners and do as they are told. The book shows courage as steadiness and obedience in danger, not as noise or boasting.","work":"Little House on the Prairie","author":"Laura Ingalls Wilder","url":"/works/little-house-on-the-prairie/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-house-on-the-prairie:lesson:4","title":"Two peoples on the same land","text":"The Ingalls cabin stands beside an Osage trail, and the book lets Laura notice and wonder about her neighbors: the beads at the empty camp, the tall visitor at the fire, the drumming in the creek bottoms and the long line riding away. The grown-ups hold different opinions, Pa speaking with respect and others with fear, and Pa's departure at the end shows that the land was not his to keep.","work":"Little House on the Prairie","author":"Laura Ingalls Wilder","url":"/works/little-house-on-the-prairie/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-lord-fauntleroy:lesson:1","title":"Trust that calls out goodness","text":"Cedric believes from the first evening that his grandfather is kind, and thanks him for gifts the Earl gave only to buy the boy's loyalty. Because the child expects goodness, the old man begins, a little at a time, to supply it: Higgins is spared, crutches are made for Hartle, and Earl's Court is rebuilt. Burnett suggests that innocent trust can be a moral force.","work":"Little Lord Fauntleroy","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/little-lord-fauntleroy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-lord-fauntleroy:lesson:2","title":"Power is for the people under it","text":"Mrs. Errol teaches Cedric that a rich man must remember those who are not fortunate, and that an earl has power to help or harm everyone on his land. Cedric's questions about Newick and the tenants turn the estate from a source of rents into a household of people.","work":"Little Lord Fauntleroy","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/little-lord-fauntleroy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-lord-fauntleroy:lesson:3","title":"A mother's quiet strength","text":"Mrs. Errol gives up her son's daily company, never tells him that the Earl despises her, and spends her time visiting the sick and poor. Her restraint keeps the boy's love for his grandfather unspoiled and in the end wins the Earl's respect.","work":"Little Lord Fauntleroy","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/little-lord-fauntleroy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-lord-fauntleroy:lesson:4","title":"Old friends are kept, not traded","text":"Cedric does not forget Mr. Hobbs, Dick, Bridget or the apple-woman when he becomes rich. His loyalty to his poor friends is rewarded when Dick's sharp eyes save his inheritance.","work":"Little Lord Fauntleroy","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/little-lord-fauntleroy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-women:lesson:1","title":"Growing up is a moral journey","text":"Each sister must overcome a particular fault: vanity, temper, shyness or selfishness. The novel presents character as something built by effort and love.","work":"Little Women","author":"Louisa May Alcott","url":"/works/little-women/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-women:lesson:2","title":"Women's work and ambition","text":"Jo wants to be a writer and earn her own living, and the novel takes that ambition seriously while also steering her toward marriage. Readers continue to debate whether the ending fulfils or betrays her.","work":"Little Women","author":"Louisa May Alcott","url":"/works/little-women/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"little-women:lesson:3","title":"Grief within a family","text":"Beth's long decline and death are handled with tenderness and realism. The book shows how families care for the dying and how grief can lead to creative renewal.","work":"Little Women","author":"Louisa May Alcott","url":"/works/little-women/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v:lesson:1","title":"History as a gallery of examples","text":"Livy's preface makes history a school of conduct: the reader looks at Lucretia, Brutus, Cincinnatus and Camillus and decides what to imitate and what to avoid. He is frank that the earliest stories are legend, yet he thinks their moral force does not depend on precise fact.","work":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","author":"Livy (Titus Livius)","url":"/works/livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v:lesson:2","title":"Public duty and private loss","text":"Brutus watches his sons executed, Verginius kills his daughter to keep her from Appius, and Horatius kills his sister for mourning an enemy. Livy records these as hard cases where the claims of the city press against family, and he shows Romans arguing over them, as in the trial of Horatius.","work":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","author":"Livy (Titus Livius)","url":"/works/livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v:lesson:3","title":"Power laid down","text":"Cincinnatus leaves his plough, saves the army and returns home within sixteen days, while the decemvirs refuse to lay down power and fall. Livy measures leaders by their willingness to give back authority once its purpose is served.","work":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","author":"Livy (Titus Livius)","url":"/works/livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v:lesson:4","title":"Concord between the orders","text":"Much of Books II-IV is the struggle between patricians and plebeians over debt, office and marriage. Livy gives both sides speeches and shows Rome surviving through compromises such as the tribunate and the Canuleian law, with Menenius's fable as the emblem of mutual dependence.","work":"The History of Rome, Books I-V","author":"Livy (Titus Livius)","url":"/works/livy-history-of-rome-books-i-v/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lochner-v-new-york:lesson:1","title":"Liberty of contract as a constitutional right","text":"Peckham's opinion treats the freedom of a worker and an employer to agree on terms as part of the liberty the Fourteenth Amendment protects. The idea drew on a long tradition that valued free labor and the right to pursue a calling, and it placed the burden on the state to justify limits.","work":"Lochner v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lochner-v-new-york/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lochner-v-new-york:lesson:2","title":"Who judges the reasons for a law?","text":"All the justices agreed the state could protect health; they disagreed over who decides whether a law really does so. Peckham held that the Court must examine the connection between the means and the end, while Harlan and Holmes would leave the matter to the legislature unless the law was plainly unreasonable.","work":"Lochner v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lochner-v-new-york/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lochner-v-new-york:lesson:3","title":"Evidence and the facts of a trade","text":"The opinions disagree about what baking was actually like. Peckham reviewed mortality statistics and found the trade no worse than many; Harlan quoted writers on occupational disease describing night work in overheated rooms. The case shows how factual judgments shape constitutional conclusions.","work":"Lochner v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lochner-v-new-york/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lochner-v-new-york:lesson:4","title":"A constitution for people of differing views","text":"Holmes argued that a constitution is made for people of fundamentally differing views and should not enact either paternalism or laissez faire. His dissent became a touchstone for judicial restraint, while defenders of Peckham's approach answer that some liberties must be protected even against popular majorities.","work":"Lochner v. New York","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lochner-v-new-york/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"logical-calculus-of-ideas-immanent-in-nervous-activity:lesson:1","title":"Simplification can open a research program","text":"The paper's neuron is not a faithful biological portrait, but it makes formal reasoning possible. A model may be valuable when it exposes structure, even if it omits much of the living system.","work":"A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity","author":"Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts","url":"/works/logical-calculus-of-ideas-immanent-in-nervous-activity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"logical-calculus-of-ideas-immanent-in-nervous-activity:lesson:2","title":"Mind and mechanism meet in networks","text":"McCulloch and Pitts do not locate thought in a single point. They make cognition a property of organized relations among units, a move that still shapes neuroscience and artificial intelligence.","work":"A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity","author":"Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts","url":"/works/logical-calculus-of-ideas-immanent-in-nervous-activity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"logical-calculus-of-ideas-immanent-in-nervous-activity:lesson:3","title":"Reduction needs humility","text":"The paper's power also creates danger: logical models can tempt readers to mistake tractability for completeness. Clinical mind includes affect, history, social life, and embodiment that no threshold calculus captures by itself.","work":"A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity","author":"Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts","url":"/works/logical-calculus-of-ideas-immanent-in-nervous-activity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"long-walk-to-freedom:lesson:1","title":"Endurance is organized, not merely felt","text":"Mandela shows prison survival as routine, study, solidarity, and purpose. The memoir rejects the idea that courage is only spontaneous emotion.","work":"Long Walk to Freedom","author":"Nelson Mandela","url":"/works/long-walk-to-freedom/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"long-walk-to-freedom:lesson:2","title":"Freedom can require restraint","text":"The memoir repeatedly values discipline over immediate expression. Mandela's restraint is strategic, moral, and sometimes personally costly.","work":"Long Walk to Freedom","author":"Nelson Mandela","url":"/works/long-walk-to-freedom/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"long-walk-to-freedom:lesson:3","title":"A life can become national memory","text":"Long Walk to Freedom makes one biography carry a collective struggle. Its narrative power also invites readers to ask what gets simplified when a nation tells itself through one life.","work":"Long Walk to Freedom","author":"Nelson Mandela","url":"/works/long-walk-to-freedom/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lord-jim:lesson:1","title":"Imagination can unman","text":"Jim's vivid imagination of disaster paralyses him at the decisive moment. Conrad explores how a romantic self-image can make real courage harder.","work":"Lord Jim","author":"Joseph Conrad","url":"/works/lord-jim/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lord-jim:lesson:2","title":"Shame and redemption","text":"Jim spends his life trying to atone for a single moment. The novel asks whether redemption is possible or whether he only reenacts his failure.","work":"Lord Jim","author":"Joseph Conrad","url":"/works/lord-jim/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lord-jim:lesson:3","title":"Understanding another person","text":"Marlow's endless attempts to understand Jim show the limits of knowing anyone. The novel's layered narration dramatises interpretation itself.","work":"Lord Jim","author":"Joseph Conrad","url":"/works/lord-jim/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lord-of-the-flies:lesson:1","title":"The beast within","text":"Golding said the book was an attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature. The boys look everywhere for a beast outside themselves, in the sea, the air and the jungle, while Simon alone sees that the evil they fear is in their own hearts. The island has no adults to blame, so the novel strips away every excuse.","work":"Lord of the Flies","author":"William Golding","url":"/works/lord-of-the-flies/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lord-of-the-flies:lesson:2","title":"Order is fragile and must be kept","text":"The conch, the assemblies, the shelters and the signal fire are small, dull duties, and Ralph's authority depends on the boys choosing to keep them. Jack offers meat, paint and excitement instead. The book shows how quickly rules collapse when they cease to be loved, and that the boring tasks are often the ones that save lives.","work":"Lord of the Flies","author":"William Golding","url":"/works/lord-of-the-flies/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lord-of-the-flies:lesson:3","title":"Fear and the crowd","text":"Fear of the beast grows at every assembly until it can be used to rule. Jack turns the hunt into a ritual chant and dance, and in Chapter 9 the crowd kills Simon without anyone deciding to do it. Golding shows how individuals lose responsibility inside a frightened group.","work":"Lord of the Flies","author":"William Golding","url":"/works/lord-of-the-flies/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lord-of-the-flies:lesson:4","title":"Reason without courage is not enough","text":"Piggy is usually right about the fire, the shelters and the need for rules, but he cannot make the others listen, and Ralph often lets him be mocked. The novel honours Piggy's sense and shows that truth needs friends who will defend it.","work":"Lord of the Flies","author":"William Golding","url":"/works/lord-of-the-flies/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"love-and-freindship:lesson:1","title":"Parody as criticism","text":"By pushing the sentimental novel's swoons, instant friendships and noble defiance of parents to absurdity, the teenage Austen shows exactly what she thinks is false in them. Parody is a way of reading critically with a laugh.","work":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/love-and-freindship/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"love-and-freindship:lesson:2","title":"Sensibility and selfishness","text":"Laura and Sophia boast of hearts too tender for the world, yet they steal, break engagements and ignore others' needs. Austen suggests that cultivated feeling is no substitute for honesty and duty.","work":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/love-and-freindship/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"love-and-freindship:lesson:3","title":"Writing for an audience at home","text":"Each piece is dedicated to a family member or friend, and the jokes assume readers who know the novels and history books being mocked. Austen learned her craft by entertaining a circle that loved reading.","work":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/love-and-freindship/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"love-and-freindship:lesson:4","title":"History and partiality","text":"The young historian announces that she is partial, prejudiced and ignorant, and proves it. The joke invites readers to notice how real histories also take sides.","work":"Love and Freindship and Other Early Works","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/love-and-freindship/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lowe-v-sec:lesson:1","title":"Personal advice versus publication","text":"The opinion rests on a distinction the investment counselors themselves drew in 1940: an adviser who knows a client's circumstances stands in a relationship of trust, while a writer addressing the public does not. Stevens treated that personalized relationship as the core of what the Act regulates.","work":"Lowe v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lowe-v-sec/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lowe-v-sec:lesson:2","title":"Judging the work, not the author","text":"Lowe's record was poor, yet the Court held that the words bona fide describe the publication rather than the publisher. The ruling separates the question of a person's past conduct from the question of whether a particular writing is genuine and lawful.","work":"Lowe v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lowe-v-sec/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lowe-v-sec:lesson:3","title":"Avoiding a constitutional question","text":"Courts often prefer to decide cases on statutory grounds when a constitutional ruling can be avoided. White agreed with the principle but argued that the Court had stretched the statute beyond what Congress wrote, and that deciding the First Amendment question honestly would have shown more respect for the legislature.","work":"Lowe v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lowe-v-sec/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lowe-v-sec:lesson:4","title":"Prior restraint and the financial press","text":"Both opinions agreed that Lowe could not be silenced altogether, though for different reasons. Behind the case stands the long Anglo-American suspicion of licensing the press, which Stevens traced through Near v. Minnesota and Lovell v. City of Griffin.","work":"Lowe v. SEC","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/lowe-v-sec/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"luckiest-man-speech:lesson:1","title":"Gratitude as an answer to bad news","text":"Gehrig does not describe his disease or its prognosis. Instead he answers what everyone knew with a long list of people to thank, so that the speech becomes an inventory of gifts rather than of losses. The structure shows gratitude as a deliberate choice about what to dwell on, not a denial of the facts.","work":"Farewell to Baseball (\"The Luckiest Man on the Face of the Earth\")","author":"Lou Gehrig","url":"/works/luckiest-man-speech/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"luckiest-man-speech:lesson:2","title":"Humility in the greatest player","text":"One of the most accomplished hitters in baseball history says nothing about his records. He counts it an honour to have played beside his teammates and thanks owners, managers, rivals, and groundskeepers alike. The speech shows humility as attention to others rather than self-deprecation.","work":"Farewell to Baseball (\"The Luckiest Man on the Face of the Earth\")","author":"Lou Gehrig","url":"/works/luckiest-man-speech/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"luckiest-man-speech:lesson:3","title":"Brevity and plain words","text":"The speech lasted about two minutes and was not written out in full. Its power comes from short, ordinary sentences and a repeated pattern of naming a gift and pausing on it. It shows that an occasion of great feeling often calls for fewer words, not more.","work":"Farewell to Baseball (\"The Luckiest Man on the Face of the Earth\")","author":"Lou Gehrig","url":"/works/luckiest-man-speech/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"luther-bondage-of-the-will:lesson:1","title":"The case for assertion","text":"Luther holds that faith must make confident assertions about what God has revealed, and that a Christian cannot treat the central truths of Scripture as matters of opinion. He sets this against Erasmus's preference for suspending judgment.","work":"The Bondage of the Will (De Servo Arbitrio)","author":"Martin Luther","url":"/works/luther-bondage-of-the-will/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"luther-bondage-of-the-will:lesson:2","title":"Necessity without compulsion","text":"Luther distinguishes a necessity of immutability, by which God's will and foreknowledge cannot fail, from a necessity of compulsion, by which someone is forced against his will. Sinners act willingly, but they cannot change the bent of their own will.","work":"The Bondage of the Will (De Servo Arbitrio)","author":"Martin Luther","url":"/works/luther-bondage-of-the-will/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"luther-bondage-of-the-will:lesson:3","title":"Law and gospel","text":"Luther answers Erasmus's argument from commands by saying that the law shows what we ought to do and so reveals our inability, while the gospel promises what God does for us in Christ. The distinction is central to all his theology.","work":"The Bondage of the Will (De Servo Arbitrio)","author":"Martin Luther","url":"/works/luther-bondage-of-the-will/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"luther-bondage-of-the-will:lesson:4","title":"The hidden and the revealed God","text":"Luther separates God as he has revealed himself in the Word, who invites and wills the life of sinners, from God hidden in his majesty, whose secret will we are not to investigate. Christians are to cling to God preached in Christ.","work":"The Bondage of the Will (De Servo Arbitrio)","author":"Martin Luther","url":"/works/luther-bondage-of-the-will/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"luther-bondage-of-the-will:lesson:5","title":"Assurance as the goal","text":"Luther ends by saying that even if free will were offered he would refuse it, because he could never be sure he had done enough; only God's promise gives certainty. For Luther, the doctrine is ultimately about comfort.","work":"The Bondage of the Will (De Servo Arbitrio)","author":"Martin Luther","url":"/works/luther-bondage-of-the-will/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"luther-selected-sermons-and-treatises:lesson:1","title":"Conscience can be politically explosive","text":"Luther begins with pastoral distress and theological correction, but conscience is never merely private. Once fear before God is reinterpreted, institutions built around that fear are shaken.","work":"Selected Sermons and Reformation Treatises","author":"Martin Luther","url":"/works/luther-selected-sermons-and-treatises/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"luther-selected-sermons-and-treatises:lesson:2","title":"Freedom is not self-ownership alone","text":"The Freedom of a Christian joins release from spiritual bondage to service of the neighbor. Luther's paradox challenges modern ideas that define freedom mainly as autonomy.","work":"Selected Sermons and Reformation Treatises","author":"Martin Luther","url":"/works/luther-selected-sermons-and-treatises/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"luther-selected-sermons-and-treatises:lesson:3","title":"Rhetoric can heal and harm","text":"Luther's verbal force comforts the terrified and attacks corruption, but it also intensifies hatred. The collection teaches readers to separate pastoral courage from destructive polemic.","work":"Selected Sermons and Reformation Treatises","author":"Martin Luther","url":"/works/luther-selected-sermons-and-treatises/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lyell-principles-of-geology:lesson:1","title":"The present as a guide to the past","text":"Lyell's method is to study rivers, volcanoes and earthquakes as they act today and then ask how much they could accomplish over long ages. Small causes, he argues, become great when multiplied by time. The method still guides geologists, though they now also recognize rare large events.","work":"Principles of Geology","author":"Charles Lyell","url":"/works/lyell-principles-of-geology/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lyell-principles-of-geology:lesson:2","title":"Assumptions shape what we see","text":"In Chapter V Lyell imagines scholars who believe Egypt was first inhabited in 1800 and then try to explain the pyramids. His point is that a wrong assumption about time forces every new fact into an ever more strained theory.","work":"Principles of Geology","author":"Charles Lyell","url":"/works/lyell-principles-of-geology/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lyell-principles-of-geology:lesson:3","title":"Reading the landscape as a document","text":"Lyell treats rocks, shells and ruins as records written in a symbolic language. The Temple of Serapis, with its bored columns, becomes a document of the land's rising and sinking. Careful observation turns a ruin into evidence.","work":"Principles of Geology","author":"Charles Lyell","url":"/works/lyell-principles-of-geology/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lyell-principles-of-geology:lesson:4","title":"A science that shaped another","text":"Darwin read the Principles on the Beagle and learned from Lyell to explain large effects by small, continuing causes. Yet Lyell himself, in this edition, argued against the transmutation of species. The book shows how a method can lead a reader beyond the author's own conclusions.","work":"Principles of Geology","author":"Charles Lyell","url":"/works/lyell-principles-of-geology/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lysistrata-and-other-plays:lesson:1","title":"Comedy as anti-war argument","text":"Aristophanes uses fantasy and obscenity to make a serious case for peace. The plays show how laughter can criticise policy in wartime.","work":"Lysistrata and Other Plays","author":"Aristophanes","url":"/works/lysistrata-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lysistrata-and-other-plays:lesson:2","title":"Suspicion of new learning","text":"The Clouds mocks intellectuals who can argue any side. It raises questions about education, rhetoric and moral relativism that still matter.","work":"Lysistrata and Other Plays","author":"Aristophanes","url":"/works/lysistrata-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"lysistrata-and-other-plays:lesson:3","title":"Bodies and politics","text":"Lysistrata's plot makes physical desire a political force. Aristophanes shows public affairs as entangled with the private body.","work":"Lysistrata and Other Plays","author":"Aristophanes","url":"/works/lysistrata-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"macbeth:lesson:1","title":"Ambition unchecked by conscience","text":"Macbeth knows the murder is wrong and does it anyway, then must keep killing to stay safe. The play traces how one crime leads to a cascade of others.","work":"Macbeth","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/macbeth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"macbeth:lesson:2","title":"Guilt lives in the body","text":"Sleeplessness, hallucinations and compulsive hand-washing show guilt expressing itself physically. The play anticipates the idea that the mind can make the body ill.","work":"Macbeth","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/macbeth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"macbeth:lesson:3","title":"Equivocation","text":"The witches' prophecies are true in ways that mislead. The play warns against trusting promises that tell us what we want to hear.","work":"Macbeth","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/macbeth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mach-popular-scientific-lectures:lesson:1","title":"Science as economy of thought","text":"Mach holds that a law of nature compresses many observations into one rule, so that what seems like sorcery is really good housekeeping of experience. The view explains the power of mathematics and also its limits, since every description sacrifices some completeness to usefulness.","work":"Popular Scientific Lectures","author":"Ernst Mach","url":"/works/mach-popular-scientific-lectures/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mach-popular-scientific-lectures:lesson:2","title":"Ideas grow and adapt","text":"Writing after Darwin, Mach treats concepts as adapting to new facts and to one another. Wonder arises when a fact does not fit our habits of thought; understanding comes when thought adjusts. Experimenting in thought, which Mach finds in historians and artists as well as physicists, is the mind rehearsing such adjustments.","work":"Popular Scientific Lectures","author":"Ernst Mach","url":"/works/mach-popular-scientific-lectures/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mach-popular-scientific-lectures:lesson:3","title":"Chance favours the attentive","text":"Mach gathers many examples of discoveries made by accident, yet he insists that the inventor must notice the new fact, grasp its use and turn it to account. Accident supplies opportunity, but attention, preparation and judgment supply discovery.","work":"Popular Scientific Lectures","author":"Ernst Mach","url":"/works/mach-popular-scientific-lectures/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mach-popular-scientific-lectures:lesson:4","title":"Criticism of one's own concepts","text":"Mach begins the collection with Socrates' questions and repeatedly asks scientists to examine the origins of their concepts, lest a useful idea become an obstacle. His critique of atoms and absolute space was itself much debated: Boltzmann defended atoms, and the atomic hypothesis was soon strongly confirmed, while Einstein found Mach's criticism of absolute space fruitful.","work":"Popular Scientific Lectures","author":"Ernst Mach","url":"/works/mach-popular-scientific-lectures/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"machiavelli-discourses-on-livy:lesson:1","title":"Conflict that preserves liberty","text":"Machiavelli argues in Book I, ch. IV, that the quarrels between the Roman nobles and commons, which others blamed for disorder, produced the laws that kept Rome free. A republic, on this view, needs institutions that give each side a lawful outlet.","work":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","author":"Niccolò Machiavelli","url":"/works/machiavelli-discourses-on-livy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"machiavelli-discourses-on-livy:lesson:2","title":"Religion and the life of a state","text":"Book I, ch. XI–XV, treats religion as the strongest support of good laws and military discipline, and Machiavelli warns that contempt for worship is the surest sign of a state's decay. His view of religion's political uses has been read in very different ways, from sincere concern for piety to purely civil calculation.","work":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","author":"Niccolò Machiavelli","url":"/works/machiavelli-discourses-on-livy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"machiavelli-discourses-on-livy:lesson:3","title":"Return to first beginnings","text":"Book III opens with the principle that all institutions decay unless renewed by a return to their original excellence, through laws, through dramatic punishments or through the example of good men. Machiavelli's examples include Saint Francis and Saint Dominic.","work":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","author":"Niccolò Machiavelli","url":"/works/machiavelli-discourses-on-livy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"machiavelli-discourses-on-livy:lesson:4","title":"The people and the prince","text":"Against the historians' common saying that nothing is more fickle than the multitude, chapter LVIII of Book I argues that a people governed by laws is more prudent and constant than a prince. The chapter is central to readings of Machiavelli as a republican.","work":"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius","author":"Niccolò Machiavelli","url":"/works/machiavelli-discourses-on-livy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"madison-selected-writings:lesson:1","title":"Conscience precedes state authority","text":"Madison's religious liberty argument treats conscience as something government must not command. That principle remains powerful wherever law meets intimate conviction.","work":"Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention","author":"James Madison","url":"/works/madison-selected-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"madison-selected-writings:lesson:2","title":"Founding was argument, not myth","text":"The Convention Notes show design emerging through conflict and compromise. Constitutional reverence becomes more honest when readers see the bargaining behind it.","work":"Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention","author":"James Madison","url":"/works/madison-selected-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"madison-selected-writings:lesson:3","title":"Institutions are made by fallible bodies","text":"Madison records fatigue, heat, absence, disagreement, and revision. Political architecture is produced by human limits, not pure reason alone.","work":"Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention","author":"James Madison","url":"/works/madison-selected-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"magna-carta:lesson:1","title":"The king under the law","text":"Clauses 39 and 40 bind the king himself: he may not move against a freeman except by lawful judgment or the law of the land, and he may not sell or delay justice. The charter's lasting fame rests on this idea that even the highest ruler acts within settled law.","work":"Magna Carta","author":"King John and the barons of England","url":"/works/magna-carta/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"magna-carta:lesson:2","title":"Consent to taxation","text":"Clause 12 limits the king's power to raise scutage and aids to three customary cases unless the common counsel of the kingdom agrees, and clause 14 says who must be summoned. The barons were protecting their own purses, but later generations read these clauses as an early form of the principle that taxes need consent.","work":"Magna Carta","author":"King John and the barons of England","url":"/works/magna-carta/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"magna-carta:lesson:3","title":"A charter as a peace treaty","text":"Many clauses fix particular grievances, from fishweirs on the Thames to named foreign officers, and clause 61 gives twenty-five barons power to enforce the terms. Reading these clauses shows that the charter was a practical settlement made in a crisis, not an abstract declaration of rights.","work":"Magna Carta","author":"King John and the barons of England","url":"/works/magna-carta/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"magna-carta:lesson:4","title":"Liberty in layers","text":"The charter grants liberties to the church, to freemen, to London and the towns, to merchants and to widows, and clause 60 asks lords to treat their own men by the same customs. Medieval liberty was a set of particular rights belonging to particular people and bodies.","work":"Magna Carta","author":"King John and the barons of England","url":"/works/magna-carta/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"make-way-for-ducklings:lesson:1","title":"A careful mother chooses wisely","text":"Mrs. Mallard will not settle where her babies might meet foxes, turtles or speeding bicycles, even when Mr. Mallard likes the spot. Her caution is not fussiness but love planning ahead. The book shows a parent weighing dangers before the children even exist.","work":"Make Way for Ducklings","author":"Robert McCloskey","url":"/works/make-way-for-ducklings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"make-way-for-ducklings:lesson:2","title":"Learning before the big walk","text":"The ducklings practice swimming, diving, walking in a line and coming when called before they ever leave the river. When the day comes, those lessons let eight small birds cross a city safely. Children learn that obedience and practice prepare them for the moment when it counts.","work":"Make Way for Ducklings","author":"Robert McCloskey","url":"/works/make-way-for-ducklings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"make-way-for-ducklings:lesson:3","title":"Helpers in the city","text":"Michael feeds the Mallards, notices when they need help and stops a whole road of cars for them. He calls headquarters, and other policemen come at once. The city that looked dangerous turns out to be full of people willing to make way for the small and weak.","work":"Make Way for Ducklings","author":"Robert McCloskey","url":"/works/make-way-for-ducklings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mann-death-in-venice:lesson:1","title":"Discipline that never learns rest","text":"Aschenbach's whole career rests on holding out in spite of weakness, and Chapter II presents that endurance as a real achievement. The novella then shows how a life that has denied every other need is undone once a single desire breaks through. Mann sets the discipline and the collapse side by side without simply condemning either.","work":"Death in Venice","author":"Thomas Mann","url":"/works/mann-death-in-venice/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mann-death-in-venice:lesson:2","title":"Beauty as a road and a precipice","text":"Aschenbach borrows Plato's Phaedrus to justify his fascination, telling himself that beauty is the one spiritual form visible to the senses. In his final reverie he turns the same argument around and calls the artist's road through the senses perilous and sinful. The story asks what beauty is for and what happens when it is loved without measure.","work":"Death in Venice","author":"Thomas Mann","url":"/works/mann-death-in-venice/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mann-death-in-venice:lesson:3","title":"The cost of a kept secret","text":"When Aschenbach learns of the cholera, he resolves to warn Tadzio's mother and then stays silent, because the warning would end his days of watching. The city's authorities conceal the epidemic for the sake of trade; Aschenbach conceals it for the sake of his passion. Mann joins private and public concealment in one chapter.","work":"Death in Venice","author":"Thomas Mann","url":"/works/mann-death-in-venice/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mann-death-in-venice:lesson:4","title":"The mirror of the painted old man","text":"On the ship Aschenbach is disgusted by an old man painted to look young; in Chapter V he lets the barber paint him the same way. Mann builds the story out of such recurring figures and returns, so that the reader sees Aschenbach becoming what he once scorned.","work":"Death in Venice","author":"Thomas Mann","url":"/works/mann-death-in-venice/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mans-search-for-meaning:lesson:1","title":"The last freedom","text":"Frankl argues that circumstances can strip a person of possessions, rank, health and even name, but not of the freedom to choose an attitude toward them. The camp did not make that choice easy, and he does not blame those who broke, but he saw prisoners who kept their dignity and gave away their bread.","work":"Man's Search for Meaning","author":"Viktor E. Frankl","url":"/works/mans-search-for-meaning/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mans-search-for-meaning:lesson:2","title":"Meaning is found, not made","text":"Logotherapy holds that meaning is not something we invent for ourselves but something that calls to us from outside, in a task, a person, or a situation that must be faced. Frankl turns the question around: life is asking us what we will make of it, and we answer by responsible action.","work":"Man's Search for Meaning","author":"Viktor E. Frankl","url":"/works/mans-search-for-meaning/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mans-search-for-meaning:lesson:3","title":"Love as a source of meaning","text":"On a dark march to a work site, Frankl talks inwardly with the image of his wife, not knowing whether she is alive, and discovers that love reaches beyond the physical presence of the beloved. Love is one of the three main ways he says meaning is found.","work":"Man's Search for Meaning","author":"Viktor E. Frankl","url":"/works/mans-search-for-meaning/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mans-search-for-meaning:lesson:4","title":"Suffering that is not wasted","text":"Frankl does not praise suffering and says avoidable suffering should be removed. But where it cannot be avoided, the way one bears it can become an achievement. His case of the elderly physician grieving his wife, who finds meaning in having spared her the pain of surviving him, shows the idea in a clinical setting.","work":"Man's Search for Meaning","author":"Viktor E. Frankl","url":"/works/mans-search-for-meaning/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mansfield-park:lesson:1","title":"Principle over charm","text":"Fanny's quiet judgment proves sounder than the Crawfords' brilliance. Austen asks readers to value constancy and conscience over wit and attraction.","work":"Mansfield Park","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/mansfield-park/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mansfield-park:lesson:2","title":"Education shapes character","text":"Sir Thomas realises too late that his daughters were taught accomplishments but not principle. The novel examines what upbringing really instils.","work":"Mansfield Park","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/mansfield-park/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mansfield-park:lesson:3","title":"Comfort built on exploitation","text":"Mansfield's wealth depends partly on Antigua, and Fanny's question about the slave trade meets 'dead silence'. Modern readers ask what the novel acknowledges and what it leaves unspoken.","work":"Mansfield Park","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/mansfield-park/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mapp-v-ohio:lesson:1","title":"A right needs a remedy","text":"Clark's central argument is that the Fourth Amendment would be a mere form of words if courts could still use what officers seized in violation of it. The old legal maxim that every right has a remedy stands behind his reasoning, though Harlan answered that remedies can take more than one shape.","work":"Mapp v. Ohio","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mapp-v-ohio/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mapp-v-ohio:lesson:2","title":"When should a precedent be overruled?","text":"Only twelve years separated Wolf from Mapp. The majority pointed to changes among the states and to the confusion Wolf produced; Harlan answered that the respect owed to precedent, stare decisis, required more caution, especially when the parties had not fully argued the point.","work":"Mapp v. Ohio","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mapp-v-ohio/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mapp-v-ohio:lesson:3","title":"One standard or many?","text":"Clark found it senseless that a federal prosecutor could not use illegally seized evidence while a state attorney across the street could. Harlan valued the freedom of states to experiment with their own rules, and the case shows two serious views of American federalism side by side.","work":"Mapp v. Ohio","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mapp-v-ohio/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mapp-v-ohio:lesson:4","title":"The integrity of the courts","text":"Clark admits that sometimes the criminal goes free, but insists it is the law that sets him free, and that a government which disregards its own charter invites contempt for law. The argument rests on the idea that courts must keep their own hands clean.","work":"Mapp v. Ohio","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mapp-v-ohio/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"marbury-v-madison:lesson:1","title":"Every right a remedy","text":"Marshall builds the first two-thirds of the opinion on an old common-law maxim, borrowed from Blackstone: where there is a legal right, there is a legal remedy when it is invaded. A government that cannot be made to honour its own legal obligations, he argues, would not deserve to be called a government of laws.","work":"Marbury v. Madison","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/marbury-v-madison/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"marbury-v-madison:lesson:2","title":"Political discretion and legal duty","text":"The opinion does not claim that courts may review everything the executive does. Marshall separates matters committed to the President's judgment, answerable only politically, from specific duties fixed by statute on which a private person's rights depend. That line has been drawn and redrawn by courts ever since.","work":"Marbury v. Madison","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/marbury-v-madison/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"marbury-v-madison:lesson:3","title":"The argument from a written constitution","text":"Marshall's case for judicial review rests on a chain of reasoning: the people fixed limits in writing; limits that can be passed at will are no limits; so a contrary statute is void; and judges, who must decide cases, must decide which rule governs. Critics in Jefferson's circle answered that each branch could interpret the Constitution for itself.","work":"Marbury v. Madison","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/marbury-v-madison/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"marbury-v-madison:lesson:4","title":"Winning by declining power","text":"The Court found that Marbury was wronged yet refused to order Madison to act, so there was no command for the administration to defy. Students of the case have long admired, and some have questioned, the way the opinion asserted a large principle while giving the executive the immediate result it wanted.","work":"Marbury v. Madison","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/marbury-v-madison/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mathematical-theory-of-communication:lesson:1","title":"Meaning can be bracketed for a purpose","text":"Shannon's theory succeeds by refusing to solve every problem of communication at once. By setting meaning aside, it gains extraordinary power over signal, uncertainty, and noise.","work":"A Mathematical Theory of Communication","author":"Claude Shannon","url":"/works/mathematical-theory-of-communication/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mathematical-theory-of-communication:lesson:2","title":"Noise is part of the model","text":"The communication paper treats interference not as an accident outside theory but as a central condition to be measured and overcome. Reliable systems are designed by assuming distortion will occur.","work":"A Mathematical Theory of Communication","author":"Claude Shannon","url":"/works/mathematical-theory-of-communication/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mathematical-theory-of-communication:lesson:3","title":"A formal language can migrate","text":"Information theory began with engineering but traveled into biology, psychology, and culture. Its history teaches both the value and danger of portable metaphors.","work":"A Mathematical Theory of Communication","author":"Claude Shannon","url":"/works/mathematical-theory-of-communication/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"maupassant-selected-short-stories:lesson:1","title":"Hypocrisy of respectability","text":"In 'Boule de Suif', the bourgeois travellers use and discard the prostitute who is morally their superior. Maupassant exposes the selfishness behind social virtue.","work":"Selected Short Stories","author":"Guy de Maupassant","url":"/works/maupassant-selected-short-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"maupassant-selected-short-stories:lesson:2","title":"Irony and fate","text":"The twist of 'The Necklace' shows how much suffering can rest on a small mistake or pride. Maupassant's endings make earlier details change meaning in retrospect.","work":"Selected Short Stories","author":"Guy de Maupassant","url":"/works/maupassant-selected-short-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"maupassant-selected-short-stories:lesson:3","title":"The mind under siege","text":"'The Horla' presents madness from the inside and leaves open whether the invader is real. It shows how belief, fear and the science of the day can intertwine.","work":"Selected Short Stories","author":"Guy de Maupassant","url":"/works/maupassant-selected-short-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mayflower-compact:lesson:1","title":"A covenant before God and one another","text":"The signers bind themselves solemnly and mutually in the presence of God and one another. The language echoes the church covenants of English Separatist congregations, carried here from church order into civil order.","work":"The Mayflower Compact","author":"The Mayflower Pilgrims","url":"/works/mayflower-compact/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mayflower-compact:lesson:2","title":"Law made for the general good","text":"The compact promises just and equal laws suited to the general good, and asks every signer to submit to them. It joins a duty of the lawmakers to a duty of the governed in a single sentence.","work":"The Mayflower Compact","author":"The Mayflower Pilgrims","url":"/works/mayflower-compact/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mayflower-compact:lesson:3","title":"Order in a crisis","text":"Bradford records that some passengers questioned anyone's authority once they landed outside their patent. The compact gave the company a lawful basis for government before they went ashore.","work":"The Mayflower Compact","author":"The Mayflower Pilgrims","url":"/works/mayflower-compact/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mcculloch-v-maryland:lesson:1","title":"A constitution, not a legal code","text":"Marshall argues that a constitution which tried to list every means of carrying out its powers would be as long as a code of laws and never understood by the public. Its nature requires that only great outlines be marked. That view of what kind of document the Constitution is drives the rest of the opinion.","work":"McCulloch v. Maryland","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mcculloch-v-maryland/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mcculloch-v-maryland:lesson:2","title":"What does necessary mean?","text":"Maryland read necessary as indispensable; Marshall read it as useful, conducive or appropriate, pointing out that Article I, Section 10 uses the stronger phrase absolutely necessary. The disagreement over a single word divided strict and broad constructionists from the 1791 debate between Hamilton and Jefferson onward.","work":"McCulloch v. Maryland","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mcculloch-v-maryland/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mcculloch-v-maryland:lesson:3","title":"The power to destroy","text":"If a state could tax the bank, it could tax the mail, the mint or the courts, and do so to any degree. Marshall concludes that the people of one state cannot, through their legislature, control an institution created by the people of all the states. He carefully preserves ordinary state taxes on property.","work":"McCulloch v. Maryland","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mcculloch-v-maryland/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mcculloch-v-maryland:lesson:4","title":"Sovereignty divided","text":"Both sides agreed that the national government was one of enumerated powers and that the states remained sovereign in their own sphere. The question was where the line ran and who would draw it. Maryland's counsel defended the states as the original parties to the Union; Marshall defended the people as the source of national authority.","work":"McCulloch v. Maryland","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/mcculloch-v-maryland/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mccullough-john-adams:lesson:1","title":"Defending the unpopular in the name of law","text":"Adams agrees to defend the British soldiers after the Boston Massacre because he believes no one should be denied counsel, and he wins acquittal for most of them at real cost to his popularity. McCullough treats the decision as a sign of the integrity that marked his public life.","work":"John Adams","author":"David McCullough","url":"/works/mccullough-john-adams/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mccullough-john-adams:lesson:2","title":"A marriage of equals","text":"Through years of separation, John and Abigail write to each other about farming, children, war, politics and faith. McCullough presents their partnership as a source of Adams's strength: Abigail runs the farm, advises him frankly and bears hardships of war and illness while he serves abroad.","work":"John Adams","author":"David McCullough","url":"/works/mccullough-john-adams/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mccullough-john-adams:lesson:3","title":"Choosing peace over party","text":"In 1799, against the wishes of many in his own party, Adams sends envoys to France and avoids a full war. McCullough argues that Adams put the country's interest above his own reelection, and records that Adams later regarded this as the proudest act of his life. Historians have also weighed it against the Alien and Sedition Acts he signed in the same crisis.","work":"John Adams","author":"David McCullough","url":"/works/mccullough-john-adams/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mccullough-john-adams:lesson:4","title":"Friendship restored","text":"Adams and Jefferson become friends in Paris, bitter rivals in the 1790s and correspondents again after 1812, when Benjamin Rush encourages them to write. Their late letters on philosophy, religion and the Revolution show that old enemies can be reconciled.","work":"John Adams","author":"David McCullough","url":"/works/mccullough-john-adams/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"medea-and-other-plays:lesson:1","title":"Injury can become strategy","text":"Medea is not overcome by emotion alone; she thinks with her rage. The play teaches that humiliation can sharpen intelligence in destructive ways.","work":"Medea and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/medea-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"medea-and-other-plays:lesson:2","title":"The powerless may know the system best","text":"Medea’s speeches expose marriage, exile and citizenship from the underside. Euripides lets an outsider diagnose the household and city.","work":"Medea and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/medea-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"medea-and-other-plays:lesson:3","title":"Sympathy has limits","text":"The play invites pity for Medea’s betrayal and horror at her revenge. It refuses the comfort of a single emotional response.","work":"Medea and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/medea-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"medical-inquiries-and-observations-upon-diseases-of-the-mind:lesson:1","title":"Medicalization can humanize and control","text":"Rush helps move madness into medicine, which can reduce blame. Yet medical authority also authorizes coercive treatments that later physicians criticized.","work":"Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind","author":"Benjamin Rush","url":"/works/medical-inquiries-and-observations-upon-diseases-of-the-mind/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"medical-inquiries-and-observations-upon-diseases-of-the-mind:lesson:2","title":"Classification organizes care and authority","text":"The book's categories organize care, but they also shape what physicians think they see. Psychiatric taxonomies carry clinical, moral, and institutional power.","work":"Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind","author":"Benjamin Rush","url":"/works/medical-inquiries-and-observations-upon-diseases-of-the-mind/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"medical-inquiries-and-observations-upon-diseases-of-the-mind:lesson:3","title":"Reform can mix care and coercion","text":"Rush's humane ambitions coexist with painful interventions. The history of psychiatry often advances through mixtures of compassion, error, and control.","work":"Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind","author":"Benjamin Rush","url":"/works/medical-inquiries-and-observations-upon-diseases-of-the-mind/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"meditations-on-first-philosophy:lesson:1","title":"Doubt used as a method, not a mood","text":"Descartes doubts systematically and temporarily, in order to find what cannot be doubted. The Meditations distinguish a disciplined procedure of suspending belief from the sceptic's lasting uncertainty.","work":"Meditations on First Philosophy","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/meditations-on-first-philosophy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"meditations-on-first-philosophy:lesson:2","title":"The self known as a thinking thing","text":"The second meditation identifies the self with its thinking before establishing that it has a body. That starting point has shaped centuries of debate over whether minds can be understood apart from brains.","work":"Meditations on First Philosophy","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/meditations-on-first-philosophy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"meditations-on-first-philosophy:lesson:3","title":"Not a pilot in a ship","text":"Even after arguing that mind and body are distinct substances, Descartes insists that sensations like hunger and pain show an intimate union. The sixth meditation is less dualist in feeling than its reputation suggests.","work":"Meditations on First Philosophy","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/meditations-on-first-philosophy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"meditations-on-first-philosophy:lesson:4","title":"When a healthy design misleads","text":"Descartes explains phantom limb pain and the thirst of dropsy as cases where a mechanism that usually serves survival produces false signals. The argument anticipates modern ideas of adaptive systems misfiring in disease.","work":"Meditations on First Philosophy","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/meditations-on-first-philosophy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"meditations:lesson:1","title":"Judgments, not events, disturb us","text":"Marcus repeatedly separates what happens from our opinions about it, which are within our control. This insight underlies modern cognitive approaches to emotional distress.","work":"Meditations","author":"Marcus Aurelius","url":"/works/meditations/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"meditations:lesson:2","title":"Power without corruption","text":"The most powerful man in the world reminds himself not to become 'Caesarified'. The Meditations model leadership as service and self-discipline.","work":"Meditations","author":"Marcus Aurelius","url":"/works/meditations/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"meditations:lesson:3","title":"Mortality as a guide","text":"Remembering death and the brevity of fame helps Marcus focus on what matters now. The book treats contemplation of mortality as liberating rather than morbid.","work":"Meditations","author":"Marcus Aurelius","url":"/works/meditations/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation:lesson:1","title":"Choose the right material","text":"Mendel begins by explaining that an experiment is only as good as the material chosen for it. By selecting a plant with sharp, constant characters, controlled pollination and fertile hybrids, he made it possible to count and classify every offspring.","work":"Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)","author":"Gregor Mendel; William Bateson","url":"/works/mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation:lesson:2","title":"Counting reveals hidden order","text":"Single crosses had shown earlier observers only that hybrid offspring vary. By counting thousands of seeds and plants across generations, Mendel found the ratios 3 : 1 and 1 : 2 : 1 and the independent combination of characters. Patient numerical record turned a confusion into a law.","work":"Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)","author":"Gregor Mendel; William Bateson","url":"/works/mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation:lesson:3","title":"Hypothesis and test","text":"Mendel did not stop at describing his ratios. He proposed that hybrids form equal numbers of reproductive cells of each type, deduced what crosses back to the parents should yield, and found the predictions confirmed.","work":"Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)","author":"Gregor Mendel; William Bateson","url":"/works/mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation:lesson:4","title":"Neglect, rediscovery and controversy","text":"Mendel's paper lay largely unread for thirty-five years. When it was rediscovered, Bateson defended it fiercely against Weldon, who thought it too simple for the facts of heredity. The dispute between Mendelians and biometricians was later resolved when R. A. Fisher and others showed that Mendelian factors could account for continuous variation.","work":"Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)","author":"Gregor Mendel; William Bateson","url":"/works/mendel-experiments-in-plant-hybridisation/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mental-maladies:lesson:1","title":"Mental Maladies teaches historical caution","text":"Mental Maladies rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"Mental Maladies","author":"Jean-Etienne Dominique Esquirol","url":"/works/mental-maladies/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mental-maladies:lesson:2","title":"Mental Maladies links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"Mental Maladies","author":"Jean-Etienne Dominique Esquirol","url":"/works/mental-maladies/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mental-maladies:lesson:3","title":"Mental Maladies complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"Mental Maladies","author":"Jean-Etienne Dominique Esquirol","url":"/works/mental-maladies/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mental-maladies:lesson:4","title":"Mental Maladies warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"Mental Maladies","author":"Jean-Etienne Dominique Esquirol","url":"/works/mental-maladies/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mental-pathology-and-therapeutics:lesson:1","title":"Mental Pathology and Therapeutics teaches historical caution","text":"Mental Pathology and Therapeutics rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"Mental Pathology and Therapeutics","author":"Wilhelm Griesinger","url":"/works/mental-pathology-and-therapeutics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mental-pathology-and-therapeutics:lesson:2","title":"Mental Pathology and Therapeutics links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"Mental Pathology and Therapeutics","author":"Wilhelm Griesinger","url":"/works/mental-pathology-and-therapeutics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mental-pathology-and-therapeutics:lesson:3","title":"Mental Pathology and Therapeutics complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"Mental Pathology and Therapeutics","author":"Wilhelm Griesinger","url":"/works/mental-pathology-and-therapeutics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mental-pathology-and-therapeutics:lesson:4","title":"Mental Pathology and Therapeutics warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"Mental Pathology and Therapeutics","author":"Wilhelm Griesinger","url":"/works/mental-pathology-and-therapeutics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mere-christianity:lesson:1","title":"Arguing from the quarrel to the lawgiver","text":"Lewis's opening argument does not begin with Scripture or miracles but with an ordinary dispute about fairness. He asks the reader to notice that both sides assume a shared standard, and builds his case from there. The method shows how a persuasive argument can start from what the audience already grants.","work":"Mere Christianity","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/mere-christianity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mere-christianity:lesson:2","title":"The trilemma and its critics","text":"In Book II Lewis argues that Jesus' claims leave only three options: madness, deception or divinity. The argument became famous and was also widely disputed; philosophers and New Testament scholars have asked whether the options are complete and whether the Gospel sayings are reported exactly. Students can study both the argument and the replies as an exercise in testing premises.","work":"Mere Christianity","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/mere-christianity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mere-christianity:lesson:3","title":"Pride as the great sin","text":"Lewis sets pride above sensual sins as the root of the others, because it is essentially competitive and sets the self against God and neighbour. He adds that the humble person will not be thinking about humility at all, but will simply be less occupied with himself.","work":"Mere Christianity","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/mere-christianity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mere-christianity:lesson:4","title":"Virtue as a settled character","text":"Lewis treats the cardinal and theological virtues not as rules but as qualities formed by repeated choices. His tennis-player example, in which a skilled player's good shots come from trained habit, makes the classical teaching of Aristotle and Aquinas plain for a radio audience.","work":"Mere Christianity","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/mere-christianity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"metamorphoses:lesson:1","title":"Change as the nature of things","text":"Pythagoras's speech makes explicit what every tale shows: nothing keeps its form. The poem invites reflection on identity persisting through transformation.","work":"Metamorphoses","author":"Ovid","url":"/works/metamorphoses/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"metamorphoses:lesson:2","title":"Power and its victims","text":"Many transformations follow gods' assaults on mortals. Read critically, the poem exposes the abuse of power, including sexual violence, while making art out of it.","work":"Metamorphoses","author":"Ovid","url":"/works/metamorphoses/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"metamorphoses:lesson:3","title":"Art that outlasts power","text":"Ovid ends by claiming his poem will survive the anger of Jupiter, a challenge to the emperor who exiled him. The Metamorphoses argues for the endurance of art.","work":"Metamorphoses","author":"Ovid","url":"/works/metamorphoses/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"metaxas-bonhoeffer:lesson:1","title":"Costly grace","text":"Metaxas presents Bonhoeffer's teaching that grace which calls for no discipleship is cheap grace, and traces how Bonhoeffer lived it out in the illegal seminary and in prison. The book invites readers to ask what following Christ requires when obedience is costly.","work":"Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy","author":"Eric Metaxas","url":"/works/metaxas-bonhoeffer/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"metaxas-bonhoeffer:lesson:2","title":"Returning when it would be safer to stay away","text":"In the summer of 1939 friends in New York offered Bonhoeffer safety and work, yet after a few weeks he sailed home, believing he could not help rebuild the German church after the war if he had not shared its trials. The episode shows a choice made for conscience and solidarity rather than safety.","work":"Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy","author":"Eric Metaxas","url":"/works/metaxas-bonhoeffer/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"metaxas-bonhoeffer:lesson:3","title":"Speaking for those without a voice","text":"From 1933 Bonhoeffer argued that the church must stand with the Jews and must not exclude pastors of Jewish descent, and he later helped Jews escape. The biography presents his conviction that the church may be called not only to bandage the victims under the wheel but to put a spoke in the wheel itself.","work":"Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy","author":"Eric Metaxas","url":"/works/metaxas-bonhoeffer/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"metaxas-bonhoeffer:lesson:4","title":"Conscience and conspiracy","text":"Bonhoeffer, who had admired Christian pacifism, joined men who planned to kill Hitler. Metaxas presents this as a costly act of responsible love; scholars have weighed how far Bonhoeffer was directly involved and how he understood it. The question of when, if ever, such resistance is right is left open for readers.","work":"Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy","author":"Eric Metaxas","url":"/works/metaxas-bonhoeffer/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"meyer-v-nebraska:lesson:1","title":"What liberty includes","text":"McReynolds's catalogue of protected liberties joins economic freedoms with the freedom to learn, to marry, to raise children and to worship. The list gave later courts a starting point for asking which unwritten liberties the due process clause protects, and it is still debated whether such a list is best found in history, reason or the text.","work":"Meyer v. Nebraska","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/meyer-v-nebraska/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"meyer-v-nebraska:lesson:2","title":"Parents, children and the state","text":"The opinion describes the education of children as both a right and a natural duty of parents, enforced by compulsory attendance laws. The state's interest in forming citizens is real, but McReynolds holds that it does not extend to forbidding parents to have their children taught a modern language.","work":"Meyer v. Nebraska","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/meyer-v-nebraska/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"meyer-v-nebraska:lesson:3","title":"A common language and a free people","text":"Nebraska wanted every child to grow up with English as a mother tongue, and McReynolds called that aim easy to appreciate after the war. His answer was that a desirable end cannot be promoted by prohibited means. Holmes, in the companion case, thought the means reasonable enough to leave to the legislature.","work":"Meyer v. Nebraska","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/meyer-v-nebraska/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"meyer-v-nebraska:lesson:4","title":"Plato's city and the American republic","text":"McReynolds quotes Plato's Republic on the common rearing of children and describes Sparta's military education, noting that great thinkers approved such schemes. He uses them as a contrast to show that American institutions rest on a different relation between individual, family and state.","work":"Meyer v. Nebraska","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/meyer-v-nebraska/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"middlemarch:lesson:1","title":"The hidden life that does good","text":"The Prelude begins with Saint Teresa and the Finale ends with those who rest in unvisited tombs. Dorothea never founds a convent or finishes a great work, yet her influence on the people around her is, in Eliot's word, incalculably diffusive. The novel honors faithfulness in small and unseen acts.","work":"Middlemarch","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/middlemarch/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"middlemarch:lesson:2","title":"Marriage and the knowledge of another person","text":"Dorothea marries Casaubon thinking he is a great mind; Lydgate marries Rosamond thinking she is a decorative and docile companion. Each discovers too late a separate person with a separate center of self. Eliot shows marriages tested by debt, jealousy and disappointment, and the Garths' and Farebrother's loyalties as quieter models.","work":"Middlemarch","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/middlemarch/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"middlemarch:lesson:3","title":"Egoism and the scratched mirror","text":"In Chapter XXVII Eliot compares each person's mind to a candle that makes the random scratches on a mirror seem to circle around it. Almost every character imagines events arranged around himself or herself: Rosamond, Casaubon, Fred, Bulstrode. Growing up morally, in this novel, means learning that others have an equal center of self.","work":"Middlemarch","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/middlemarch/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"middlemarch:lesson:4","title":"Vocation and compromise","text":"Lydgate comes to town meaning to be a unit who makes a difference in medicine. Small concessions, such as the vote for Tyke, a debt, an anxious marriage, a loan from Bulstrode, bind him until he trades research for a profitable practice. Fred, by contrast, finds a humble vocation under Caleb Garth and keeps it.","work":"Middlemarch","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/middlemarch/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"middlemarch:lesson:5","title":"Bulstrode: the past and self-deception","text":"Bulstrode explains his past wrongs to himself as instruments of Providence. When Raffles lies ill, he does not commit a clear act of murder, but leaves an instruction unspoken and hands over the key to the brandy. Eliot traces with care how a religious vocabulary can be used to quiet conscience, while also giving Bulstrode a final, painful honesty with his wife.","work":"Middlemarch","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/middlemarch/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mike-mulligan-and-his-steam-shovel:lesson:1","title":"Loyalty to an old friend","text":"When new machines make Mary Anne old-fashioned, Mike refuses to sell her for junk and goes looking for work they can do together. The book shows young children faithfulness that does not depend on being newest or best.","work":"Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel","author":"Virginia Lee Burton","url":"/works/mike-mulligan-and-his-steam-shovel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mike-mulligan-and-his-steam-shovel:lesson:2","title":"Working hard with others cheering","text":"Mike says Mary Anne digs faster and better when people watch, and the more the crowd grows, the faster the dirt flies. Children see that encouragement from friends and neighbours helps a hard job get done.","work":"Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel","author":"Virginia Lee Burton","url":"/works/mike-mulligan-and-his-steam-shovel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mike-mulligan-and-his-steam-shovel:lesson:3","title":"A small person with a good idea","text":"The grown-ups cannot agree how to get Mary Anne out of the hole, and it is the little boy who finds an answer that helps everyone. Burton reminds children that their thinking matters and that a problem can sometimes be turned into a new beginning.","work":"Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel","author":"Virginia Lee Burton","url":"/works/mike-mulligan-and-his-steam-shovel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mike-mulligan-and-his-steam-shovel:lesson:4","title":"Keeping a promise","text":"Mike promises to finish the cellar in one day or go unpaid, and he and Mary Anne work until the very last ray of sunlight to keep his word. The race against the sun makes the cost of a promise easy for a child to feel.","work":"Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel","author":"Virginia Lee Burton","url":"/works/mike-mulligan-and-his-steam-shovel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mill-considerations-on-representative-government:lesson:1","title":"Institutions should make citizens better","text":"Mill's test of a government is not only whether it keeps order but whether it raises the virtue and intelligence of its people. Self-government is valuable because it draws citizens out of private concerns, gives them public duties, and forms an active rather than a passive character.","work":"Considerations on Representative Government","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-considerations-on-representative-government/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mill-considerations-on-representative-government:lesson:2","title":"Control is different from administration","text":"Chapter V argues that a large elected assembly is good at watching, questioning and removing a government and at airing every opinion, but bad at drafting laws or managing affairs. Each body should do the work it is fitted for.","work":"Considerations on Representative Government","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-considerations-on-representative-government/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mill-considerations-on-representative-government:lesson:3","title":"Majorities and minorities","text":"Mill holds that a democracy which gives every seat to the majority leaves part of the people without a voice. His support for Hare's system and his worry about class legislation both aim at a government in which no single group, rich or poor, rules alone.","work":"Considerations on Representative Government","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-considerations-on-representative-government/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mill-considerations-on-representative-government:lesson:4","title":"Voting as a public trust","text":"Mill treats the vote as a power over others that must be used for the public good. That is why he asks that voters be able to read, write and reckon, proposes extra votes for proven education, and argues that voting should be open to public view.","work":"Considerations on Representative Government","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-considerations-on-representative-government/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mill-system-of-logic-book-iii:lesson:1","title":"From the known to the unknown","text":"Mill argues that induction is not a matter of trusting that the future will resemble the past; we reason in the same way about the unobserved present and the unobserved past. Every such inference rests on the uniformity of nature, yet that uniformity is itself learned by experience. He leaves students with a hard question: why one careful experiment sometimes proves a law while a thousand agreeing observations, like the white swans, may not.","work":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-system-of-logic-book-iii/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mill-system-of-logic-book-iii:lesson:2","title":"The cause is the whole set of conditions","text":"In ordinary speech we name one condition as the cause of an event, but Mill insists that, philosophically speaking, the cause is the sum of all the conditions, positive and negative, on which the effect follows. A man who catches cold after taking mercury and going out of doors needed both conditions.","work":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-system-of-logic-book-iii/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mill-system-of-logic-book-iii:lesson:3","title":"Eliminate what cannot be the cause","text":"The five canons of Chapter VIII all work by comparison and elimination. The Method of Difference, which compares a case where the effect occurs with one where it does not and which differ in only one circumstance, is the logic of the controlled experiment.","work":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-system-of-logic-book-iii/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mill-system-of-logic-book-iii:lesson:4","title":"Why medicine is hard to prove","text":"Chapter X uses the question whether mercury cures a disease to show how many causes mingle in the body. Simple observation gives only vague impressions, and experiment is weakened by the many conditions of age, constitution and stage of illness. A few specifics, such as quinine, are strong enough to be proved directly; otherwise, Mill argues, medicine must combine known laws with careful verification.","work":"A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/mill-system-of-logic-book-iii/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"minersville-school-district-v-gobitis:lesson:1","title":"Belief, conduct and a law aimed at no sect","text":"Frankfurter's central premise is that religious liberty protects belief but does not exempt believers from general civic duties that are not directed at any church. The Gobitis children were asked to do something every pupil did, and the majority read earlier cases on polygamy and military training as settling that such laws stand even against sincere scruple.","work":"Minersville School District v. Gobitis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/minersville-school-district-v-gobitis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"minersville-school-district-v-gobitis:lesson:2","title":"Why the majority deferred to the school board","text":"The opinion repeatedly asks who should decide how loyalty is taught. Frankfurter believed that judges, unelected and untrained in pedagogy, should leave the choice of means to legislatures and local boards, trusting citizens to repeal unwise rules through the political process.","work":"Minersville School District v. Gobitis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/minersville-school-district-v-gobitis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"minersville-school-district-v-gobitis:lesson:3","title":"Stone's distinction between teaching and compelling","text":"Stone did not deny the state's interest in patriotism. He argued that the schools could require study of American history and government, including the guarantees of civil liberty, without forcing a child to declare a belief. The difference between instruction and coerced profession became the hinge on which the Court reversed itself three years later.","work":"Minersville School District v. Gobitis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/minersville-school-district-v-gobitis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"minersville-school-district-v-gobitis:lesson:4","title":"A precedent that lasted three years","text":"Gobitis was decided eight to one, yet within two years three justices in the majority publicly changed their minds, and in 1943 the Court overruled it. Students can study how new members, public events and further reflection led the same institution to a different answer on nearly identical facts.","work":"Minersville School District v. Gobitis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/minersville-school-district-v-gobitis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"miranda-v-arizona:lesson:1","title":"No man bound to accuse himself","text":"Warren roots the right against self-incrimination in the old maxim that no one should be compelled to accuse himself, and in the story of John Lilburne before the Star Chamber. The accusatory system, he wrote, requires the government to find its evidence by its own labors rather than drawing it from the mouth of the accused.","work":"Miranda v. Arizona","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/miranda-v-arizona/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"miranda-v-arizona:lesson:2","title":"Pressure without force","text":"The Court found that even without violence, isolation and skilled persuasion in a police station could overbear a suspect's will. White answered that the Fifth Amendment forbids compulsion, not all pressure, and that the Court had not examined any real interrogation.","work":"Miranda v. Arizona","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/miranda-v-arizona/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"miranda-v-arizona:lesson:3","title":"A bright line or a case-by-case test?","text":"Before Miranda, judges asked whether each confession was voluntary under all the circumstances. Warren replaced that inquiry with fixed warnings; Harlan defended the older test as flexible and fair, and called the new rules a constitutional code imposed over widespread objection.","work":"Miranda v. Arizona","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/miranda-v-arizona/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"miranda-v-arizona:lesson:4","title":"Weighing the cost to law enforcement","text":"Arizona and the dissenters warned that the rules would reduce confessions and make crimes harder to solve. Warren replied that the FBI already warned suspects without crippling its work and that the Constitution itself had struck the balance. Both sides took the public's safety seriously.","work":"Miranda v. Arizona","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/miranda-v-arizona/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"moby-dick:lesson:1","title":"The captain who will not turn back","text":"Ahab's vengeance draws a whole crew to death. Starbuck reminds him that the whale smote from blind instinct and, on the last day, that Moby Dick seeks him not. Melville shows how a commander's private obsession can override duty to those in his charge.","work":"Moby-Dick","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/moby-dick/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"moby-dick:lesson:2","title":"Friendship across every distance","text":"Ishmael begins by fearing Queequeg and ends by calling him his bosom friend; Queequeg's coffin saves his life. The friendship of two men of different races, faiths and worlds is the warmest bond in the book.","work":"Moby-Dick","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/moby-dick/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"moby-dick:lesson:3","title":"Jonah and obedience","text":"Father Mapple preaches that Jonah fled God's command, was humbled in the whale and then preached truth to the face of falsehood. The sermon sets a standard of obedience and repentance against which Ahab's defiance can be measured.","work":"Moby-Dick","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/moby-dick/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"moby-dick:lesson:4","title":"Work and wonder","text":"Melville gives whole chapters to rope, blubber, spouts and skeletons, insisting that hard, dangerous, skilled labor is worthy of an epic. The whaling chapters teach readers to see knowledge and craft as paths to wonder.","work":"Moby-Dick","author":"Herman Melville","url":"/works/moby-dick/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"monroe-doctrine:lesson:1","title":"Two hemispheres, two systems","text":"Monroe's message divides the world into Europe, whose quarrels the United States would stay out of, and the Americas, where it would not accept new European control. The idea joins a promise of restraint with a warning. Students can see that a famous policy began as a few sentences in a long report.","work":"The Monroe Doctrine","author":"James Monroe","url":"/works/monroe-doctrine/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"monroe-doctrine:lesson:2","title":"A policy in its setting","text":"Most of the message is about debts, forts, roads, mail and pirates. Reading the whole text shows how foreign policy sat alongside ordinary government business, and how a president reported to Congress in 1823.","work":"The Monroe Doctrine","author":"James Monroe","url":"/works/monroe-doctrine/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"monroe-doctrine:lesson:3","title":"Neutrality and its limits","text":"Monroe says the United States declared neutrality between Spain and its former colonies and will keep it unless a change requires otherwise. He leaves the government room to act while promising restraint. Careful wording, the message shows, can keep options open.","work":"The Monroe Doctrine","author":"James Monroe","url":"/works/monroe-doctrine/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"moody-selected-sermons:lesson:1","title":"Plainness can be sophisticated","text":"Moody's simplicity is a deliberate communicative form. He shows how direct language can be crafted for reach without sounding literary.","work":"Selected Sermons","author":"Dwight L. Moody","url":"/works/moody-selected-sermons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"moody-selected-sermons:lesson:2","title":"Evangelism became an event system","text":"The sermon operates with music, counseling, publicity, and logistics. Moody helps reveal modern preaching as organized experience, not solitary speech.","work":"Selected Sermons","author":"Dwight L. Moody","url":"/works/moody-selected-sermons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"moody-selected-sermons:lesson:3","title":"Assurance answers modern dislocation","text":"Moody's repeated stress on love and trust spoke to mobile, grieving, urbanizing audiences. Consolation became part of evangelical mass appeal.","work":"Selected Sermons","author":"Dwight L. Moody","url":"/works/moody-selected-sermons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mouse-soup:lesson:1","title":"A clear head in danger","text":"The mouse is already in the pot when he speaks up. He does not cry or struggle; he thinks of the one thing the weasel lacks, stories, and offers it. Children can learn that staying calm and thinking is often the way out of trouble.","work":"Mouse Soup","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/mouse-soup/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mouse-soup:lesson:2","title":"Stories have power","text":"Every story the mouse tells is a small trick or puzzle, and the whole book shows a mouse saving his life by storytelling. Stories can teach, amuse and even rescue, and a child who knows many stories has something worth sharing.","work":"Mouse Soup","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/mouse-soup/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mouse-soup:lesson:3","title":"Content where you are","text":"The two large stones are unhappy only after the bird tells them how wonderful the other side of the hill is. When the mouse tells them it is just the same, they are glad again. The story teaches children to be thankful for their own place instead of always longing for somewhere else.","work":"Mouse Soup","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/mouse-soup/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mouse-soup:lesson:4","title":"Listening carefully","text":"In The Crickets, the mouse says she cannot sleep, and the cricket thinks she wants more music. Each misunderstanding makes things worse. The story is funny, but it shows how important it is to listen to what someone really means.","work":"Mouse Soup","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/mouse-soup/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mr-poppers-penguins:lesson:1","title":"A dreamer who does his duty","text":"Mr. Popper is a daydreamer who reads about the poles, but when a real penguin arrives he takes the work of caring for it seriously, from the icebox to the freezing plant. The book shows that loving a dream well means doing the ordinary chores it brings.","work":"Mr. Popper's Penguins","author":"Richard and Florence Atwater","url":"/works/mr-poppers-penguins/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mr-poppers-penguins:lesson:2","title":"No one should be alone","text":"Captain Cook starts to fail, and the aquarium curator guesses that the trouble is loneliness. When Greta comes, both birds get well, which shows in a funny way that creatures are made for company.","work":"Mr. Popper's Penguins","author":"Richard and Florence Atwater","url":"/works/mr-poppers-penguins/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mr-poppers-penguins:lesson:3","title":"What is best for the penguins","text":"At the end Mr. Popper could become rich from a movie offer, but he decides that theaters and cities are no place for penguins and lets them go to the North Pole. He chooses their good over his own profit, though it means saying goodbye.","work":"Mr. Popper's Penguins","author":"Richard and Florence Atwater","url":"/works/mr-poppers-penguins/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mrs-dalloway:lesson:1","title":"One day, many minds","text":"Woolf passes the narrative from Clarissa to strangers in the street, to Septimus, to Peter, to Miss Kilman, joining them by shared sights and by the striking of Big Ben. The method shows that a city is made of private lives running side by side, each full and each partly hidden from the others.","work":"Mrs. Dalloway","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/mrs-dalloway/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mrs-dalloway:lesson:2","title":"The war in peacetime","text":"The opening says the war is over, yet it lingers in Lady Bexborough's telegram, Mrs. Foxcroft's grief and above all in Septimus. Woolf sets a party in Westminster against a soldier's breakdown in Bloomsbury and makes them parts of one story.","work":"Mrs. Dalloway","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/mrs-dalloway/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mrs-dalloway:lesson:3","title":"Healing and power","text":"Dr. Holmes denies that Septimus is ill; Sir William Bradshaw sees at once that he is, and orders him separated from his wife for rest. The novel asks what it means to treat a suffering person as a person, and portrays Bradshaw's proportion and conversion as forms of domination.","work":"Mrs. Dalloway","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/mrs-dalloway/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"mrs-dalloway:lesson:4","title":"Choices and the unlived life","text":"Clarissa chose Richard over Peter and a settled life over adventure, and she still loves what Sally was at Bourton. Peter and Sally have their own regrets. The novel weighs these choices without settling them, showing how the past stays present in middle age.","work":"Mrs. Dalloway","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/mrs-dalloway/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"much-ado-about-nothing:lesson:1","title":"Seeing and believing","text":"Almost everyone in the play acts on what they overhear or think they see. Benedick and Beatrice are deceived into a truth; Claudio and Don Pedro are deceived into a lie at Hero's window. The play asks what kind of evidence deserves our trust, and how quickly suspicion should become accusation.","work":"Much Ado About Nothing","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/much-ado-about-nothing/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"much-ado-about-nothing:lesson:2","title":"Wit and pride","text":"Beatrice and Benedick are the best talkers in Messina, and their wit protects them from being hurt. When each hears friends describe their pride, they set it aside. Shakespeare suggests that cleverness can be a fortress against love until humility opens the gate.","work":"Much Ado About Nothing","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/much-ado-about-nothing/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"much-ado-about-nothing:lesson:3","title":"Honor and a slandered name","text":"Hero's reputation is destroyed in a public moment by men who believe they are defending honor. The play shows how slander works, how shame leaves the accused almost wordless, and how the truth comes out through the humblest officers in the city.","work":"Much Ado About Nothing","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/much-ado-about-nothing/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"much-ado-about-nothing:lesson:4","title":"Fools who find the truth","text":"Dogberry cannot say what he means, yet his Watch catches the villains that the Prince and his lords cannot see. The comedy echoes Paul's teaching that God chooses the foolish things of the world to confound the wise.","work":"Much Ado About Nothing","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/much-ado-about-nothing/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"munn-v-illinois:lesson:1","title":"When private property takes on a public character","text":"Waite borrows from Lord Hale the idea that some property, by the way it is used, becomes affected with a public interest and may be regulated as to its charges. The doctrine joined old common-law rules about ferries and wharves to the new economy of railroads and grain elevators.","work":"Munn v. Illinois","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/munn-v-illinois/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"munn-v-illinois:lesson:2","title":"Reading the same authority two ways","text":"Field accepts Hale as an authority but reads him narrowly, as speaking only of property dedicated to the public or held under a royal grant. The disagreement shows how the meaning of a historical source can decide a constitutional case.","work":"Munn v. Illinois","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/munn-v-illinois/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"munn-v-illinois:lesson:3","title":"Courts, legislatures and reasonable rates","text":"Waite holds that once a business may be regulated, the reasonableness of the rate is for the legislature and that the remedy for abuse is at the polls. Field replies that the use and fruits of property are protected as fully as its title. Later decisions moved toward judicial review of rates.","work":"Munn v. Illinois","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/munn-v-illinois/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"munn-v-illinois:lesson:4","title":"Farmers, markets and the Granger movement","text":"The Illinois law came from an organized movement of farmers who believed that railroads and elevator operators held them captive. Waite notes that something had led the whole people to seek remedies against virtual monopolies; the elevator owners saw the same law as an interference with their capital and industry.","work":"Munn v. Illinois","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/munn-v-illinois/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"my-antonia:lesson:1","title":"Memory shapes and idealises","text":"Jim's portrait of Ántonia tells us as much about his nostalgia as about her. The novel invites readers to see how memory creates meaning, and what it leaves out.","work":"My Ántonia","author":"Willa Cather","url":"/works/my-antonia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"my-antonia:lesson:2","title":"Immigrants built the land","text":"The hired girls and their families, scorned by the town, prove the strongest and most creative. Cather honours immigrant labour and resilience.","work":"My Ántonia","author":"Willa Cather","url":"/works/my-antonia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"my-antonia:lesson:3","title":"Hardship and despair on the frontier","text":"Mr Shimerda's suicide shows the cost of emigration for those who cannot adapt. The novel acknowledges the frontier's casualties alongside its triumphs.","work":"My Ántonia","author":"Willa Cather","url":"/works/my-antonia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"my-fathers-dragon:lesson:1","title":"Kindness to the helpless","text":"Elmer's adventure begins with kindness to a wet old cat that nobody else cares about, and it ends with rescuing a baby dragon whom the animals beat and overwork. The story teaches that noticing someone who is suffering is the first step to helping.","work":"My Father's Dragon","author":"Ruth Stiles Gannett","url":"/works/my-fathers-dragon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"my-fathers-dragon:lesson:2","title":"Thinking ahead","text":"Elmer and the cat pack carefully, and almost every odd thing in the knapsack, from the hair ribbons to the rubber bands, saves him later. Good preparation and a calm head turn small things into tools.","work":"My Father's Dragon","author":"Ruth Stiles Gannett","url":"/works/my-fathers-dragon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"my-fathers-dragon:lesson:3","title":"Solving problems by meeting needs","text":"Elmer never fights. Each animal who threatens him has a worry, such as a yellow tusk, a messy mane or fleas, and Elmer gets past by helping with it. The book shows cleverness and generosity working together.","work":"My Father's Dragon","author":"Ruth Stiles Gannett","url":"/works/my-fathers-dragon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"my-fathers-dragon:lesson:4","title":"Learning from mistakes","text":"Elmer leaves tangerine peels behind, and the boars use them as clues. When he overhears them, he saves every peel from then on. Even a brave explorer has to notice his mistakes and change.","work":"My Father's Dragon","author":"Ruth Stiles Gannett","url":"/works/my-fathers-dragon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"my-last-duchess:lesson:1","title":"Pride that cannot stoop","text":"The Duke's ruling principle is that he chooses never to stoop, and that refusal leaves him unable even to speak to his wife about what grieves him. Browning shows pride not as grandeur but as a cramped, possessive smallness.","work":"My Last Duchess","author":"Robert Browning","url":"/works/my-last-duchess/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"my-last-duchess:lesson:2","title":"A person turned into a possession","text":"The Duchess is now a painting behind a curtain that only the Duke may draw, and the poem ends with another work of art he owns. The poem asks readers to notice how the Duke values his wife as he values his bronzes.","work":"My Last Duchess","author":"Robert Browning","url":"/works/my-last-duchess/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"my-last-duchess:lesson:3","title":"Reading what a speaker does not say","text":"The Duke never states that he had his wife killed; the reader infers it from I gave commands and the silence that follows. Dramatic monologue trains careful readers to hear what a speaker reveals beyond his intention.","work":"My Last Duchess","author":"Robert Browning","url":"/works/my-last-duchess/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"my-side-of-the-mountain:lesson:1","title":"Knowledge before courage","text":"Sam's first night on the mountain is a failure because wanting to live in the woods is not the same as knowing how. Everything that works for him later comes from patient study: library books, observation of animals, and trial and error with fire, traps and stored food.","work":"My Side of the Mountain","author":"Jean Craighead George","url":"/works/my-side-of-the-mountain/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"my-side-of-the-mountain:lesson:2","title":"Work makes a home","text":"The hemlock is only a tree until Sam burns, scrapes and furnishes it, and the winter is survivable only because he worked all autumn. The book shows that a home is something made with care and labour, season by season.","work":"My Side of the Mountain","author":"Jean Craighead George","url":"/works/my-side-of-the-mountain/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"my-side-of-the-mountain:lesson:3","title":"Alone, but not meant to stay alone","text":"Sam goes to the mountain to be on his own, yet he names the animals, welcomes Bando, and is glad when his father climbs up at Christmas. By spring he finds he wants people again, and the family's arrival ends the story happily rather than as a defeat.","work":"My Side of the Mountain","author":"Jean Craighead George","url":"/works/my-side-of-the-mountain/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"my-side-of-the-mountain:lesson:4","title":"Taking and tending","text":"Sam lives by taking from the land: a falcon from its nest, fish, game and plants. He also cares for what he takes, training Frightful patiently and using every part of the deer he salvages, so his life on the mountain is both hunting and keeping.","work":"My Side of the Mountain","author":"Jean Craighead George","url":"/works/my-side-of-the-mountain/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"napoleons-maxims-of-war:lesson:1","title":"Speed as a multiplier of strength","text":"Maxim IX treats velocity as part of an army's force, and many notes show smaller French armies defeating larger ones by rapid concentration. The book teaches that timing and movement can outweigh numbers.","work":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","url":"/works/napoleons-maxims-of-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"napoleons-maxims-of-war:lesson:2","title":"Endurance before bravery","text":"Maxim LVIII ranks fortitude under fatigue and privation above courage. The note explains that young soldiers have dash but only experience teaches the patient endurance of hunger, cold and exhaustion.","work":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","url":"/works/napoleons-maxims-of-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"napoleons-maxims-of-war:lesson:3","title":"Decide alone, consult separately","text":"Maxim LXV and its note argue that councils of war produce timidity and leak secrets; a commander should take advice privately and bear responsibility for the decision. The point bears on any organisation where committees diffuse accountability.","work":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","url":"/works/napoleons-maxims-of-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"napoleons-maxims-of-war:lesson:4","title":"Maxims need cases","text":"D'Aguilar's notes, longer than the maxims themselves, show how bare principles mean little without historical examples, and the last maxim tells officers to study campaigns rather than rules. The book is an argument for learning judgement through history.","work":"Napoleon's Maxims of War","author":"Napoleon Bonaparte","url":"/works/napoleons-maxims-of-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"narrative-and-fourth-of-july:lesson:1","title":"Testimony can become prosecution","text":"Douglass does not merely tell what happened to him. He turns personal experience into evidence against a national system.","work":"Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?","author":"Frederick Douglass","url":"/works/narrative-and-fourth-of-july/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"narrative-and-fourth-of-july:lesson:2","title":"Literacy can wound and liberate","text":"Reading gives Douglass tools of thought and escape, but it also makes bondage more painful. Consciousness is not easy consolation.","work":"Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?","author":"Frederick Douglass","url":"/works/narrative-and-fourth-of-july/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"narrative-and-fourth-of-july:lesson:3","title":"National ideals need hostile readers","text":"The Fourth of July speech shows that founding language can be used against the nation that celebrates it falsely. Criticism becomes fidelity to justice.","work":"Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?","author":"Frederick Douglass","url":"/works/narrative-and-fourth-of-july/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"narrative-of-yellow-fever-1793:lesson:1","title":"Epidemic memory is contested","text":"Allen and Jones show that after a disaster, the story of who served and who failed becomes a moral battleground. Public health history includes arguments over memory and credit.","work":"A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People During the Late Awful Calamity in Philadelphia","author":"Richard Allen and Absalom Jones","url":"/works/narrative-of-yellow-fever-1793/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"narrative-of-yellow-fever-1793:lesson:2","title":"Racial myths can allocate risk","text":"The false belief in Black immunity shaped who was asked to perform dangerous labor. Bad medical ideas can become systems for distributing exposure.","work":"A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People During the Late Awful Calamity in Philadelphia","author":"Richard Allen and Absalom Jones","url":"/works/narrative-of-yellow-fever-1793/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"narrative-of-yellow-fever-1793:lesson:3","title":"Care labor deserves testimony","text":"The pamphlet dignifies nursing, cleaning, carrying, and burial as civic service. It asks readers to count the labor that official narratives often treat as invisible.","work":"A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People During the Late Awful Calamity in Philadelphia","author":"Richard Allen and Absalom Jones","url":"/works/narrative-of-yellow-fever-1793/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"natural-history-a-selection:lesson:1","title":"Compilation is a form of power","text":"Pliny gathers the world into Roman prose, making knowledge portable and authoritative. The work teaches both the usefulness and risk of encyclopedic ambition.","work":"Natural History: A Selection","author":"Pliny the Elder","url":"/works/natural-history-a-selection/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"natural-history-a-selection:lesson:2","title":"Nature is medicine and temptation","text":"Nearly every substance can heal, poison or seduce human desire. Pliny’s moralism warns that use easily becomes luxury.","work":"Natural History: A Selection","author":"Pliny the Elder","url":"/works/natural-history-a-selection/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"natural-history-a-selection:lesson:3","title":"Error has historical value","text":"Pliny’s dubious cures are not useless to historians. They show how evidence, trust and tradition worked before modern trials.","work":"Natural History: A Selection","author":"Pliny the Elder","url":"/works/natural-history-a-selection/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"near-v-minnesota:lesson:1","title":"Prior restraint and subsequent punishment","text":"Hughes builds on an old distinction: the law may punish a publisher afterward for libel, but it may not, except in rare cases, forbid publication in advance. The difference matters because a restraint stops words from reaching the public at all, while punishment comes only after a trial on what was actually said.","work":"Near v. Minnesota","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/near-v-minnesota/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"near-v-minnesota:lesson:2","title":"Looking at what a law does","text":"Minnesota described its law as abating a nuisance, a familiar use of state power. Hughes insisted that the Court look past the label to the statute's operation, which was to suppress a newspaper and require a judge's approval before it could publish again.","work":"Near v. Minnesota","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/near-v-minnesota/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"near-v-minnesota:lesson:3","title":"Protecting a press one may not admire","text":"The Saturday Press made reckless charges and printed abusive attacks on Jewish citizens, and Hughes did not defend its contents. The Court's principle was that the guarantee must cover such a paper if it is to protect honest exposure of official misconduct as well.","work":"Near v. Minnesota","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/near-v-minnesota/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"near-v-minnesota:lesson:4","title":"Federal protection and state responsibility","text":"Butler argued that before the Fourteenth Amendment the states alone protected the press, and did so adequately, and that the Court was imposing a federal rule without precedent. His dissent presents a reasoned defense of state authority to address abuses close to home.","work":"Near v. Minnesota","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/near-v-minnesota/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"new-york-times-v-sullivan:lesson:1","title":"Breathing space for error","text":"Brennan accepted that the advertisement contained mistakes, but argued that erroneous statements are inevitable in free debate and must be protected if speech is to have the breathing space it needs to survive. A rule punishing every error would silence true criticism along with false.","work":"New York Times Co. v. Sullivan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/new-york-times-v-sullivan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"new-york-times-v-sullivan:lesson:2","title":"The lesson of 1798","text":"Brennan drew on the Sedition Act of 1798, which punished false and malicious writings against the government, and on the protests of Jefferson and Madison. He concluded that the Act had been condemned in the court of history, and that its central meaning was that criticism of officials lies at the heart of the First Amendment.","work":"New York Times Co. v. Sullivan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/new-york-times-v-sullivan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"new-york-times-v-sullivan:lesson:3","title":"Reputation and the right to criticize","text":"Sullivan's lawyers defended an old principle: a man's good name deserves protection from falsehood. The Court balanced that principle against the citizen's freedom to criticize government and struck the balance in favour of criticism for public officials, unless the speaker knew or recklessly ignored the falsity.","work":"New York Times Co. v. Sullivan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/new-york-times-v-sullivan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"new-york-times-v-sullivan:lesson:4","title":"How far does the First Amendment reach?","text":"All nine Justices agreed on the result but not the reasoning. Black and Douglas argued for absolute protection of criticism of officials, warning that malice is easy for a hostile jury to find; the majority kept a narrow path for officials to recover.","work":"New York Times Co. v. Sullivan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/new-york-times-v-sullivan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"newburgh-address:lesson:1","title":"Answering a grievance without rejecting the aggrieved","text":"Washington never says the officers' complaints about pay are unjust. He separates their just claim from the anonymous writer's method, pledges his own help, and asks them to trust that Congress will act. He wins them by standing with them while refusing the course proposed.","work":"The Newburgh Address","author":"George Washington","url":"/works/newburgh-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"newburgh-address:lesson:2","title":"The army under civil authority","text":"The anonymous address suggested using the army's arms to pressure Congress. Washington answers that such a step would turn soldiers against the country they had fought for and open the floodgates of civil discord. The principle that the military obeys civil government was set in practice at Newburgh before it was written into the Constitution.","work":"The Newburgh Address","author":"George Washington","url":"/works/newburgh-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"newburgh-address:lesson:3","title":"Reason against passion","text":"Washington describes the second anonymous paper as addressed to feelings and passions rather than reason and judgment, and asks the officers to view their choice in the calm light of reason. He uses reasoned argument, rhetorical questions and appeals to honor rather than threats.","work":"The Newburgh Address","author":"George Washington","url":"/works/newburgh-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"newburgh-address:lesson:4","title":"Personal credit spent for the public good","text":"Washington reminds the officers of eight years of shared hardship and stakes his own reputation on Congress's good faith. As witnesses reported, the moment with the spectacles reminded them of the cost of that service, and his personal standing carried the day.","work":"The Newburgh Address","author":"George Washington","url":"/works/newburgh-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"newton-opticks:lesson:1","title":"Prove by experiment, not hypothesis","text":"Newton begins by refusing to explain light by hypotheses and ends by describing analysis: experiments and observations, general conclusions drawn by induction, and no objections admitted except from experiments or certain truths. The Opticks is a long demonstration of that discipline, and the Rules of Reasoning in the Principia state the same commitments in compressed form.","work":"Opticks","author":"Isaac Newton","url":"/works/newton-opticks/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"newton-opticks:lesson:2","title":"Colour is in the seeing as well as in the light","text":"Newton insists that rays are not, strictly, coloured; they have a disposition to stir up the sensation of a colour in the sensorium, as a vibrating string stirs up the sensation of sound. The distinction separates the physics of light from the experience of the perceiver.","work":"Opticks","author":"Isaac Newton","url":"/works/newton-opticks/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"newton-opticks:lesson:3","title":"Ask good questions at the edge of knowledge","text":"Book III stops short, and Newton turns his unfinished work into questions for those who come after. The Queries became one of the most fertile parts of the book, prompting later work on chemistry, electricity, heat and the nature of light.","work":"Opticks","author":"Isaac Newton","url":"/works/newton-opticks/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"newton-opticks:lesson:4","title":"Natural philosophy points beyond itself","text":"In Queries 28 and 31 Newton argues that the order of the planets and the contrivance of the eye and ear point to the wisdom of an intelligent Agent, and that knowledge of nature will enlarge our understanding of duty to God and neighbour. He also warns against treating the world as the body of God.","work":"Opticks","author":"Isaac Newton","url":"/works/newton-opticks/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"nfib-v-sebelius:lesson:1","title":"Activity and inactivity","text":"Roberts and the joint dissenters held that the commerce power regulates existing activity and cannot compel people to begin buying a product. Ginsburg answered that almost everyone takes part in the health-care market sooner or later, so the uninsured are already participants whose choices affect prices for all.","work":"National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nfib-v-sebelius/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"nfib-v-sebelius:lesson:2","title":"Labels and substance","text":"Congress called the payment a penalty, yet the Court upheld it as a tax by looking to how it actually worked. The joint dissent objected that the Court was rewriting a statute Congress had framed differently, while Roberts said the Court must adopt any fairly possible reading that saves a law.","work":"National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nfib-v-sebelius/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"nfib-v-sebelius:lesson:3","title":"Federal money and state independence","text":"Seven justices concluded that threatening a state with the loss of all existing Medicaid funds left no real choice. The decision marked the first time the Court held a spending condition coercive, and it turned the expansion into a decision each state could make for itself.","work":"National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nfib-v-sebelius/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"nfib-v-sebelius:lesson:4","title":"Deference and duty","text":"Roberts began by insisting that judges possess neither the expertise nor the prerogative to make policy, yet he also held that deference cannot become abdication. Each opinion in the case claimed to respect the Constitution's limits while drawing them in different places.","work":"National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nfib-v-sebelius/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel:lesson:1","title":"Direct and indirect effects on commerce","text":"Earlier decisions such as Schechter and Carter Coal had held that Congress could regulate only activities with a direct effect on interstate commerce. Hughes replaced the formal line between production and commerce with a practical question of degree, asking whether an activity's relation to commerce is close and substantial.","work":"NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel:lesson:2","title":"Federalism as a limit","text":"Even while upholding the act, Hughes wrote that the commerce power must be considered in light of the dual system of government and must not create a completely centralized government. Later courts have quoted that sentence both to expand and to restrain federal power, which makes it a useful study in how a single opinion can serve different purposes.","work":"NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel:lesson:3","title":"The right to organize and the employer's rights","text":"Hughes treats workers' freedom to choose representatives as parallel to the company's freedom to choose its officers, and he stresses that the act compels no agreement. The company's side regarded the act as one-sided, regulating employers while leaving unions unrestrained, a criticism Hughes acknowledges but leaves to Congress.","work":"NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/nlrb-v-jones-and-laughlin-steel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"no-treason:lesson:1","title":"What consent means","text":"Spooner presses the phrase 'government by consent' as far as it will go and concludes that only the individual consent of each person who pays or serves can satisfy it. Whether or not readers accept his conclusion, the argument forces a careful definition of a word Americans use constantly. It also shows how much the classical liberal tradition depends on the idea of agreement.","work":"No Treason","author":"Lysander Spooner","url":"/works/no-treason/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"no-treason:lesson:2","title":"Treason as betrayal","text":"No. II argues that treason, in its ordinary sense, means breach of faith, so an open enemy who gives fair warning is not a traitor. Spooner uses Benedict Arnold and the patriots of 1776 to make the distinction concrete. The argument shows how a lawyer reasons from the plain meaning of words.","work":"No Treason","author":"Lysander Spooner","url":"/works/no-treason/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"no-treason:lesson:3","title":"Reasoning from contract","text":"No. VI treats the Constitution as a contract and applies ordinary rules of contract law: parties must be competent, must actually agree, and must sign; contracts do not bind heirs who never agreed. The method is consistent and lawyerly, and its strength and its limits both lie in whether a political community is really like a private agreement.","work":"No Treason","author":"Lysander Spooner","url":"/works/no-treason/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"no-treason:lesson:4","title":"Taxation and responsibility","text":"Spooner's comparison of the tax collector with the highwayman is deliberately provocative: the highwayman, he says, at least acts openly and alone, while the government acts through agents whose principals are hidden by the secret ballot. The passage illustrates his concern for personal responsibility in public acts.","work":"No Treason","author":"Lysander Spooner","url":"/works/no-treason/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad:lesson:1","title":"Money as a contract term and as a public institution","text":"A gold clause looks like a private bargain, but money itself is created and regulated by government. Hughes treated the clauses as promises to pay money and therefore subject to the rules Congress sets for money; McReynolds treated them as fixing a definite measure of value that belonged to the parties.","work":"Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases)","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad:lesson:2","title":"Private agreements and public power","text":"Hughes held that parties cannot contract their way out of the reach of a constitutional power. McReynolds answered that the federal government has only delegated powers and that no grant authorizes annulling lawful promises. The case tests how far the government may change the terms of existing bargains for the sake of national policy.","work":"Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases)","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad:lesson:3","title":"Consequences in constitutional reasoning","text":"Hughes said that consequences cannot excuse a violation of constitutional right, yet he weighed the economic disruption that enforcing the clauses would cause in deciding whether Congress acted reasonably. Students can examine how a court may consider practical effects without letting them decide the question of power.","work":"Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases)","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad:lesson:4","title":"Honoring a nation's promises","text":"In the companion Perry case the Court told the government that it could not repudiate its own gold bonds, while denying the bondholder any recovery. The dissent quoted the framers' hope of establishing justice and argued that a government able to annul its obligations endangers the rights it was created to protect.","work":"Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases)","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/norman-v-baltimore-and-ohio-railroad/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"northanger-abbey:lesson:1","title":"Reading well, judging well","text":"Catherine's mistake is not reading novels but failing to distinguish fiction from life. Austen defends the novel while showing that good judgment must be learned.","work":"Northanger Abbey","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/northanger-abbey/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"northanger-abbey:lesson:2","title":"Real villains are ordinary","text":"The General is no Gothic murderer, but his greed and cruelty in expelling Catherine are real. Austen suggests that everyday selfishness is the true danger.","work":"Northanger Abbey","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/northanger-abbey/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"northanger-abbey:lesson:3","title":"Defending the novel","text":"In Volume I, Chapter 5, the narrator defends novels as works displaying 'the greatest powers of the mind'. The book is itself an argument for the seriousness of fiction.","work":"Northanger Abbey","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/northanger-abbey/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"notes-from-underground:lesson:1","title":"Freedom cannot be reduced to calculation","text":"The narrator argues that a theory of human beings as rational calculators of advantage leaves out the thing people value most: the freedom to choose, even against their interest. He offers this not as a recipe for happiness but as a fact the planners of the palace of crystal must face.","work":"Notes from Underground","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/notes-from-underground/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"notes-from-underground:lesson:2","title":"Consciousness without action","text":"Part I describes a mind so busy watching itself that it can neither forgive nor take revenge, and so sinks into inertia. Part II then shows the same mind in practice, rehearsing insults and confrontations and turning each meeting into a contest of pride.","work":"Notes from Underground","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/notes-from-underground/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"notes-from-underground:lesson:3","title":"Pride, humiliation and the refusal of love","text":"At Zverkov's dinner and with Liza, the narrator cannot bear to be either ignored or pitied. When Liza responds to his confession with love, he turns it into a transaction, and she answers by leaving his money and walking away.","work":"Notes from Underground","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/notes-from-underground/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"notes-from-underground:lesson:4","title":"An argument from within the Underground Man's voice","text":"Dostoevsky does not speak in his own name; he lets an unattractive narrator voice real objections to rational egoism and utopian planning. Readers must decide which of the narrator's claims belong to Dostoevsky and which belong to a man the author meant to show as diseased.","work":"Notes from Underground","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/notes-from-underground/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"notes-on-menabreas-sketch-of-the-analytical-engine:lesson:1","title":"Abstraction changes what machinery can mean","text":"Lovelace sees that a machine handling numbers might also handle symbols when those symbols are governed by formal relations. The lesson is that the decisive innovation is often a change in level: from tool, to process, to representation.","work":"Notes on Menabrea's Sketch of the Analytical Engine","author":"Ada Lovelace","url":"/works/notes-on-menabreas-sketch-of-the-analytical-engine/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"notes-on-menabreas-sketch-of-the-analytical-engine:lesson:2","title":"Programming is argument made operational","text":"Note G turns mathematical reasoning into a sequence that a machine could follow. The note teaches that a program is not merely a command list; it is a disciplined explanation of how a result comes to exist.","work":"Notes on Menabrea's Sketch of the Analytical Engine","author":"Ada Lovelace","url":"/works/notes-on-menabreas-sketch-of-the-analytical-engine/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"notes-on-menabreas-sketch-of-the-analytical-engine:lesson:3","title":"Imagination needs exact boundaries","text":"The Notes are visionary because they are careful about what the Engine cannot do. Lovelace's refusal to ascribe independent thought to the machine gives her speculation unusual durability.","work":"Notes on Menabrea's Sketch of the Analytical Engine","author":"Ada Lovelace","url":"/works/notes-on-menabreas-sketch-of-the-analytical-engine/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"novum-organum:lesson:1","title":"Name your idols before you trust your data","text":"Bacon's four idols anticipate what psychologists now call cognitive biases: confirmation, availability, motivated reasoning, the seduction of terminology, loyalty to a school. He thought no method could work until these predispositions were identified, because they shape what counts as an observation in the first place.","work":"Novum Organum","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/novum-organum/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"novum-organum:lesson:2","title":"The negative instance carries more weight","text":"In Book I, Aphorism XLVI and in the exclusion tables of Book II, Bacon insists that one solid counter-instance outweighs many agreeing cases. Progress comes from systematically ruling things out, not from piling up confirmations.","work":"Novum Organum","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/novum-organum/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"novum-organum:lesson:3","title":"Ants, spiders and the bee","text":"Bacon distrusts pure data-gathering as much as armchair theory. The bee's method, collecting material and then transforming it, is a picture of science as both experimental and rational, and also as a cooperative labour that outlives any single investigator.","work":"Novum Organum","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/novum-organum/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"novum-organum:lesson:4","title":"Knowledge as power, and the question of its uses","text":"Bacon equates knowledge with human power and celebrates the 'empire of man over things'. The aspiration produced modern experimental science, but its language of mastery and subduing nature has also drawn criticism from ecological and feminist readers. The book makes it possible to examine how a therapeutic ambition and a desire for dominion can share one vocabulary.","work":"Novum Organum","author":"Francis Bacon","url":"/works/novum-organum/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"number-the-stars:lesson:1","title":"Courage is doing what must be done while afraid","text":"Annemarie never stops being frightened, yet she holds the necklace, keeps silent at the wake and runs the packet past armed soldiers. Uncle Henrik's account of bravery as attention to the task at hand gives a child a usable picture of fortitude.","work":"Number the Stars","author":"Lois Lowry","url":"/works/number-the-stars/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"number-the-stars:lesson:2","title":"A whole people can protect its neighbors","text":"The king's story in Chapter 2 grows into the plot of the book: Papa, Mama, Henrik, Peter and many unnamed Danes each do one part of the rescue. Lowry shows how ordinary jobs, such as a fisherman's boat or a mother's lunch basket, become means of saving lives.","work":"Number the Stars","author":"Lois Lowry","url":"/works/number-the-stars/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"number-the-stars:lesson:3","title":"Friendship that costs something","text":"Annemarie and Ellen begin as schoolgirls racing on the street and end separated by the sea, bound by the necklace Annemarie keeps for her friend. Friendship in the book is measured by what each family risks for the other.","work":"Number the Stars","author":"Lois Lowry","url":"/works/number-the-stars/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"number-the-stars:lesson:4","title":"Truth, secrets and protection","text":"The adults hide things from Annemarie, Mama lies to the soldiers, and Annemarie later pretends to be a silly child. The book lets children see the difference between deceiving a friend and shielding the innocent from those who mean to harm them.","work":"Number the Stars","author":"Lois Lowry","url":"/works/number-the-stars/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"o-captain-my-captain:lesson:1","title":"Victory and grief at the same hour","text":"Each stanza sets the crowd's celebration beside the speaker's private loss, and the poem never lets one cancel the other. The Union is saved and the captain is dead; Whitman teaches that a people can rightly rejoice and mourn in the same moment.","work":"O Captain! My Captain!","author":"Walt Whitman","url":"/works/o-captain-my-captain/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"o-captain-my-captain:lesson:2","title":"A leader as father","text":"In the second and third stanzas the sailor calls the captain dear father and my father. The metaphor makes a national leader a protector and head of a household, and shows how deeply many Americans felt Lincoln's death as a personal bereavement.","work":"O Captain! My Captain!","author":"Walt Whitman","url":"/works/o-captain-my-captain/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"o-captain-my-captain:lesson:3","title":"The comfort of form","text":"Whitman, the great poet of free verse, chose rhyme, refrain and a steady beat for this elegy. The fixed form gives a shaken nation something to hold and repeat, much as a hymn does at a funeral.","work":"O Captain! My Captain!","author":"Walt Whitman","url":"/works/o-captain-my-captain/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"obergefell-v-hodges:lesson:1","title":"Two readings of liberty","text":"Justice Kennedy reads the liberty of the Fourteenth Amendment as protecting certain personal choices central to identity, identified through reasoned judgment guided by precedent. Justice Thomas reads liberty as freedom from government action, and Justice Alito as limited to rights deeply rooted in history and tradition. Each view has a long lineage in American law.","work":"Obergefell v. Hodges","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/obergefell-v-hodges/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"obergefell-v-hodges:lesson:2","title":"Courts, legislatures and timing","text":"The majority held that individuals need not wait for legislatures to vindicate a fundamental right. The Chief Justice and Justice Scalia answered that the Court had ended a democratic debate in which both sides were persuading fellow citizens. The disagreement concerns the proper role of judges as much as marriage itself.","work":"Obergefell v. Hodges","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/obergefell-v-hodges/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"obergefell-v-hodges:lesson:3","title":"Defining an institution","text":"The majority described the purposes of marriage in terms of commitment, companionship and the protection of children and families; the dissenters stressed its historic connection to the union of man and woman and the rearing of children. Each side drew on the same long history of marriage to support its conclusion.","work":"Obergefell v. Hodges","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/obergefell-v-hodges/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"obergefell-v-hodges:lesson:4","title":"Conscience in a divided nation","text":"Kennedy wrote that religious persons may continue to advocate their convictions under the First Amendment. Alito and Roberts doubted that assurance would prove sufficient, and Alito argued that federalism would have allowed communities to differ. The question of how people with deep disagreements live together runs through all five opinions.","work":"Obergefell v. Hodges","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/obergefell-v-hodges/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"oconnor-v-donaldson:lesson:1","title":"Liberty and the harmless","text":"The Court's holding rests on a simple principle: liberty is the rule, and confinement requires a justification. Illness alone, the State's benevolent wish to care for someone, or the public's discomfort does not suffice when a person is dangerous to no one and can live safely in freedom.","work":"O'Connor v. Donaldson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/oconnor-v-donaldson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"oconnor-v-donaldson:lesson:2","title":"Deciding no more than necessary","text":"The Fifth Circuit had announced a broad right to treatment. The Supreme Court deliberately decided a narrower question, leaving the larger issues for another day, and Burger wrote separately to stress that the broader holding had no approval. The case shows how courts control the reach of their own rulings.","work":"O'Connor v. Donaldson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/oconnor-v-donaldson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"oconnor-v-donaldson:lesson:3","title":"Custody and care","text":"The evidence described a large ward of sixty patients, no occupational training and treatment that staff admitted was a euphemism for confinement. Burger's history recalls that custodial care, in poorhouses, almshouses and later state hospitals, was long the main function of institutions. The case asks what an institution owes those it holds.","work":"O'Connor v. Donaldson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/oconnor-v-donaldson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"oconnor-v-donaldson:lesson:4","title":"Good faith and responsibility","text":"O'Connor argued that he had relied in good faith on state law. The Court did not excuse him but sent the question back to be decided under the standard that an official is liable if he knew or reasonably should have known that his actions violated constitutional rights. Students can weigh how personal responsibility applies to officials acting under law.","work":"O'Connor v. Donaldson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/oconnor-v-donaldson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ode-on-a-grecian-urn:lesson:1","title":"What art preserves and what it withholds","text":"The urn keeps its lovers young and its trees in leaf, but only by stopping them before the kiss and before autumn. Keats shows that the permanence of art and the fullness of life cannot be had together. The ode praises the urn's stillness while quietly counting its cost.","work":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","author":"John Keats","url":"/works/ode-on-a-grecian-urn/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ode-on-a-grecian-urn:lesson:2","title":"The silence of the little town","text":"Stanza 4 imagines something the urn does not show: the town emptied by the procession, whose streets will be silent forever. The carving's permanence becomes a kind of desolation. Keats lets a single invented detail turn the poem from delight toward loss.","work":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","author":"John Keats","url":"/works/ode-on-a-grecian-urn/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ode-on-a-grecian-urn:lesson:3","title":"Beauty and truth","text":"The famous closing equation is offered by the urn as a friend to man in the midst of other woe. Whether it is a doctrine Keats holds, a consolation fitting only for an artifact, or a riddle meant to tease us out of thought, it forces readers to ask how beauty relates to truth. The ode does not settle the question but makes it impossible to avoid.","work":"Ode on a Grecian Urn","author":"John Keats","url":"/works/ode-on-a-grecian-urn/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"of-mice-and-men:lesson:1","title":"Friendship against loneliness","text":"George and Lennie's bond is rare in a world of solitary workers, and nearly everyone else on the ranch is desperately alone. The novella shows companionship as both refuge and burden.","work":"Of Mice and Men","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/of-mice-and-men/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"of-mice-and-men:lesson:2","title":"Dreams sustain and break","text":"The dream of the farm keeps the men going, and its collapse is the tragedy. Steinbeck shows how hope is both necessary and fragile for the poor.","work":"Of Mice and Men","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/of-mice-and-men/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"of-mice-and-men:lesson:3","title":"Mercy and violence","text":"The shooting of Candy's dog anticipates George's killing of Lennie. The book asks whether killing can be an act of love and what society's failure to care for the vulnerable forces on individuals.","work":"Of Mice and Men","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/of-mice-and-men/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"old-yeller:lesson:1","title":"Becoming the man of the place","text":"Papa leaves Travis in charge, and the boy plows, hunts, marks hogs and guards his mother and brother. The book shows responsibility as something that grows by doing hard work day after day, and that sometimes asks for a choice no one else can make.","work":"Old Yeller","author":"Fred Gipson","url":"/works/old-yeller/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"old-yeller:lesson:2","title":"Loyalty that gives everything","text":"Old Yeller faces a bear, a pack of wild hogs and a rabid wolf to protect the family. His courage costs him his life, and the family's love for him is measured by how much they lose.","work":"Old Yeller","author":"Fred Gipson","url":"/works/old-yeller/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"old-yeller:lesson:3","title":"Grief and going on","text":"After he shoots Old Yeller, Travis cannot find joy in anything, even his new horse. Papa tells him that life brings hard things but a person must not let them spoil the good, and the pup that steals food like the old dog helps Travis begin again.","work":"Old Yeller","author":"Fred Gipson","url":"/works/old-yeller/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"oliver-twist:lesson:1","title":"Goodness that hunger cannot erase","text":"Dickens places Oliver in every setting meant to harden a child: the baby farm, the workhouse, the undertaker's cellar, Fagin's den. The boy stays truthful and grateful throughout. The novel argues that a child's soul is not simply the product of his surroundings, while still showing how cruelly those surroundings press on him.","work":"Oliver Twist","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/oliver-twist/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"oliver-twist:lesson:2","title":"Nancy's courage","text":"Nancy was raised among thieves, yet she is the one who saves Oliver. She tells Rose Maylie the truth at the cost of her life and refuses to betray the people she grew up with. Dickens makes her the moral center of the crime plot.","work":"Oliver Twist","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/oliver-twist/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"oliver-twist:lesson:3","title":"Charity by rule and charity from the heart","text":"The workhouse board and Mr. Bumble claim to serve the poor but follow rules that starve them. Mr. Brownlow, Mr. Losberne, and the Maylies act from personal mercy, even bending the law to protect a boy who was found in their house. Dickens contrasts institutional relief with neighborly love.","work":"Oliver Twist","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/oliver-twist/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"oliver-twist:lesson:4","title":"Crime and its consequences","text":"Dickens shows crime without making it glamorous. Sikes is driven by guilt across the countryside, and Fagin spends his last night in terror. The ending gives each character a fate that matches the way they lived.","work":"Oliver Twist","author":"Charles Dickens","url":"/works/oliver-twist/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"olmstead-v-lc:lesson:1","title":"What counts as discrimination?","text":"Georgia and Justice Thomas read discrimination in its traditional sense, as treating one group worse than another. The Court read the ADA's findings, which name isolation and segregation, as broadening the term to include keeping a person in an institution without justification.","work":"Olmstead v. L. C.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/olmstead-v-lc/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"olmstead-v-lc:lesson:2","title":"Two harms of needless confinement","text":"Ginsburg gave two reasons for treating unjustified institutional isolation as discrimination: it reinforces assumptions that people kept apart cannot take part in community life, and it cuts them off from family, work, friends and education. Both reasons focus on the person's place in a community rather than on the quality of medical care alone.","work":"Olmstead v. L. C.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/olmstead-v-lc/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"olmstead-v-lc:lesson:3","title":"Caution about deinstitutionalization","text":"Kennedy reminded readers that the movement of patients out of state hospitals after the 1950s, though often well meant, left many without care. His concurrence shows a justice agreeing with a result while warning about how it might be carried out.","work":"Olmstead v. L. C.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/olmstead-v-lc/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"olmstead-v-lc:lesson:4","title":"Limited resources and fair shares","text":"All the justices acknowledged that states have limited budgets and many people to serve. The plurality allowed states to defend themselves by showing a working plan and a reasonable waiting list, while the dissent thought the whole question belonged to state officials.","work":"Olmstead v. L. C.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/olmstead-v-lc/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-fairy-stories:lesson:1","title":"On Fairy-Stories: formed attention","text":"On Fairy-Stories teaches students to slow down before judgment. tenth-grade readers can connect philology, myth, Christian hope, and literary craft while testing modern suspicion of fantasy","work":"On Fairy-Stories","author":"J. R. R. Tolkien","url":"/works/on-fairy-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-fairy-stories:lesson:2","title":"On Fairy-Stories: order and disorder","text":"On Fairy-Stories makes order visible by showing what damages it. the essay begins by clearing away bad definitions, then builds an account of Secondary Worlds and the joy of sudden grace","work":"On Fairy-Stories","author":"J. R. R. Tolkien","url":"/works/on-fairy-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-fairy-stories:lesson:3","title":"On Fairy-Stories: body and soul","text":"On Fairy-Stories gives the medical lens a human scale. the medical lens is oblique: Tolkien treats imagination as recovery from dulled perception and as consolation amid suffering rather than as pathology","work":"On Fairy-Stories","author":"J. R. R. Tolkien","url":"/works/on-fairy-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-friendship:lesson:1","title":"Friendship as union","text":"Montaigne describes friendship not as an exchange of favours but as a merging of wills. The essay sets a high, perhaps impossible, ideal against which to measure our relationships.","work":"On Friendship","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/on-friendship/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-friendship:lesson:2","title":"Grief for a friend","text":"The essay is an act of mourning. It shows how loss can be honoured by writing and how a friendship can shape a whole life afterward.","work":"On Friendship","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/on-friendship/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-friendship:lesson:3","title":"Comparing loves","text":"Montaigne contrasts friendship with family duty and erotic passion, revealing assumptions of his time, including about women. Readers can test his distinctions against their own experience.","work":"On Friendship","author":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"/works/on-friendship/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-his-blindness:lesson:1","title":"Usefulness is not the measure of service","text":"The speaker assumes God values him for what he produces. Patience answers that God does not need man's work or his gifts at all. Service is measured by bearing the yoke well, which is possible even when work is impossible.","work":"On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX)","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/on-his-blindness/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-his-blindness:lesson:2","title":"Reading Scripture into one's own life","text":"Milton applies the parable of the talents to himself with painful literalness, and the parable seems to condemn him. The sonnet shows how a single text, read in isolation, can frighten, and how the wider witness of Scripture (the mild yoke, the angels who serve) corrects it.","work":"On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX)","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/on-his-blindness/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-his-blindness:lesson:3","title":"Patience as an active virtue","text":"The final line is sometimes heard as resignation, but the image is of attendants standing ready in a king's presence, waiting for a command. Waiting here is attentive readiness, and later in life Milton produced his greatest work after this waiting.","work":"On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX)","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/on-his-blindness/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-liberty:lesson:1","title":"Harm to others is the only warrant for coercion","text":"Mill's principle separates persuasion from compulsion. One may argue with, warn and even avoid someone whose conduct harms only themselves, but the law and organised opinion may coerce only to prevent harm to others. The principle still frames debates on drug policy, seat-belt laws, involuntary treatment and public health.","work":"On Liberty","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/on-liberty/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-liberty:lesson:2","title":"Unchallenged truths decay into dead dogma","text":"Mill argues that even correct beliefs lose their meaning when no one is allowed to contest them. Someone who knows only their own side of a case knows little even of that. Free discussion is defended as a condition of understanding, as well as a safeguard against error.","work":"On Liberty","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/on-liberty/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-liberty:lesson:3","title":"Labels, registers and warnings, not prescriptions","text":"On the sale of poisons Mill sets out a graded approach that remains strikingly modern. Labelling and record-keeping are acceptable because no buyer can wish not to know a substance is dangerous. A blanket requirement of a medical certificate is rejected because it burdens legitimate users. Here the harm principle becomes a working theory of drug regulation.","work":"On Liberty","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/on-liberty/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-liberty:lesson:4","title":"Eccentricity as a public good","text":"Chapter III argues that a society needs people who live differently, because originality is the source of improvement and conformity breeds stagnation. Mill's footnote on lunacy commissions shows how readily nonconformity was then read as insanity.","work":"On Liberty","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/on-liberty/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-medicine:lesson:1","title":"Classification guides action","text":"Celsus turns symptoms into practical categories for regimen, drugs or surgery. The book teaches that diagnosis matters because it chooses a form of intervention and a level of risk.","work":"On Medicine","author":"Aulus Cornelius Celsus","url":"/works/on-medicine/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-medicine:lesson:2","title":"Surgery is courage plus restraint","text":"The surgical books are daring but not reckless. Their recurring lesson is that technical boldness must be governed by anatomy, timing and prognosis.","work":"On Medicine","author":"Aulus Cornelius Celsus","url":"/works/on-medicine/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-medicine:lesson:3","title":"Regimen is medicine","text":"Food, bathing, motion and sleep are not lifestyle decoration in Celsus; they are core therapeutics. The ancient model broadens treatment beyond discrete drugs.","work":"On Medicine","author":"Aulus Cornelius Celsus","url":"/works/on-medicine/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-the-genealogy-of-morality:lesson:1","title":"On the Genealogy of Morality teaches historical caution","text":"On the Genealogy of Morality rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"On the Genealogy of Morality","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/on-the-genealogy-of-morality/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-the-genealogy-of-morality:lesson:2","title":"On the Genealogy of Morality links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"On the Genealogy of Morality","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/on-the-genealogy-of-morality/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-the-genealogy-of-morality:lesson:3","title":"On the Genealogy of Morality complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"On the Genealogy of Morality","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/on-the-genealogy-of-morality/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-the-genealogy-of-morality:lesson:4","title":"On the Genealogy of Morality warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"On the Genealogy of Morality","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/on-the-genealogy-of-morality/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-the-making-of-man:lesson:1","title":"On the Making of Man: formed attention","text":"On the Making of Man teaches students to slow down before judgment. the work gives tenth-grade students a patristic bridge between biblical creation, classical philosophy, and questions about human dignity","work":"On the Making of Man","author":"Gregory of Nyssa","url":"/works/on-the-making-of-man/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-the-making-of-man:lesson:2","title":"On the Making of Man: order and disorder","text":"On the Making of Man makes order visible by showing what damages it. the treatise combines scriptural commentary with late antique physiology and philosophical psychology, especially around mind, sensation, and resurrection","work":"On the Making of Man","author":"Gregory of Nyssa","url":"/works/on-the-making-of-man/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-the-making-of-man:lesson:3","title":"On the Making of Man: body and soul","text":"On the Making of Man gives the medical lens a human scale. its medical lens includes anatomy, generation, bodily organs, sex difference, mortality, resurrection, and the porous border between medicine and theology","work":"On the Making of Man","author":"Gregory of Nyssa","url":"/works/on-the-making-of-man/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-the-nature-of-the-universe:lesson:1","title":"Explanation can be consolation","text":"Lucretius treats physics as medicine for fear. Understanding causes is meant to free the mind from superstition and death terror.","work":"On the Nature of the Universe","author":"Lucretius","url":"/works/on-the-nature-of-the-universe/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-the-nature-of-the-universe:lesson:2","title":"Desire has a bodily history","text":"The poem analyzes love as images, fluids, habit and projection. It strips romance down to mechanisms without denying its force.","work":"On the Nature of the Universe","author":"Lucretius","url":"/works/on-the-nature-of-the-universe/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-the-nature-of-the-universe:lesson:3","title":"Nature is not centered on us","text":"The universe is vast, mortal and indifferent. Human dignity must be built without cosmic favoritism.","work":"On the Nature of the Universe","author":"Lucretius","url":"/works/on-the-nature-of-the-universe/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-the-origin-of-species:lesson:1","title":"On the Origin of Species: formed attention","text":"On the Origin of Species teaches students to slow down before judgment. tenth-grade readers can study how a revolutionary argument proceeds cautiously, anticipating objections and asking readers to change scale","work":"On the Origin of Species","author":"Charles Darwin","url":"/works/on-the-origin-of-species/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-the-origin-of-species:lesson:2","title":"On the Origin of Species: order and disorder","text":"On the Origin of Species makes order visible by showing what damages it. the book accumulates evidence from domestic breeding, geography, fossils, classification, embryology, and difficult cases before closing with a new view of life","work":"On the Origin of Species","author":"Charles Darwin","url":"/works/on-the-origin-of-species/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-the-origin-of-species:lesson:3","title":"On the Origin of Species: body and soul","text":"On the Origin of Species gives the medical lens a human scale. Darwin matters to medicine through heredity, variation, adaptation, population thinking, and later debates over degeneration, eugenics, and disease ecology","work":"On the Origin of Species","author":"Charles Darwin","url":"/works/on-the-origin-of-species/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-the-road:lesson:1","title":"Freedom has costs that others pay","text":"Dean's restlessness is exhilarating to Sal, but the novel keeps showing the wives, children and friends left behind. Read closely, the book is as much about the casualties of freedom as its pleasures.","work":"On the Road","author":"Jack Kerouac","url":"/works/on-the-road/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-the-road:lesson:2","title":"The search for intensity","text":"Sal and Dean pursue moments of heightened experience through jazz, speed, sex and drugs. The book asks whether such intensity can be sustained or whether it inevitably burns out into exhaustion and illness.","work":"On the Road","author":"Jack Kerouac","url":"/works/on-the-road/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-the-road:lesson:3","title":"America as landscape and myth","text":"The repeated crossings make the continent itself a character. Kerouac mixes reverence for the land with an idealizing view of working people, migrant laborers, Black Americans, and Mexicans, whom Sal imagines as freer and more alive than his own restless circle.","work":"On the Road","author":"Jack Kerouac","url":"/works/on-the-road/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-war:lesson:1","title":"Every plan meets friction","text":"Clausewitz's friction is the gap between war on paper and war in reality: fatigue, weather, bad information, misunderstood orders and fear. It cannot be eliminated by better planning, only absorbed through experience and robust organisation. The concept transfers readily to hospitals, crises and any complex operation run by tired people.","work":"On War","author":"Carl von Clausewitz","url":"/works/on-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-war:lesson:2","title":"Violence must answer to a purpose","text":"War has its own grammar but not its own logic: its aims come from policy. The formula is usually read as a warning against letting military momentum set national goals, and against wars whose political object no one can state.","work":"On War","author":"Carl von Clausewitz","url":"/works/on-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-war:lesson:3","title":"Judgment under danger and exhaustion","text":"Book I's chapters on danger and bodily exertion are a psychological study of decision-making under stress. Reason is refracted by fear, and fatigue makes eyewitnesses despondent. The commander needs a temperament that remains balanced when perception is disturbed.","work":"On War","author":"Carl von Clausewitz","url":"/works/on-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"on-war:lesson:4","title":"Theory as education, not recipe","text":"Clausewitz rejects formulas and treats theory as training for judgment through the critical study of cases. The approach resembles clinical reasoning, which also cannot be reduced to an algorithm and depends on accumulated, examined experience.","work":"On War","author":"Carl von Clausewitz","url":"/works/on-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"one-day-in-the-life-of-ivan-denisovich:lesson:1","title":"Dignity in work","text":"Shukhov is forced labour, building a power station for a state that wronged him, yet he lays his cinder blocks straight and stays after the signal to finish his row. Solzhenitsyn shows that doing a job well can remain a person's own act even when the work itself is compelled.","work":"One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich","author":"Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn","url":"/works/one-day-in-the-life-of-ivan-denisovich/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"one-day-in-the-life-of-ivan-denisovich:lesson:2","title":"Small goods held fast","text":"The book measures a good day in small things: an extra bowl of porridge, a scrap of metal, a pinch of tobacco, not being sent to the cells. By narrowing to one ordinary day, Solzhenitsyn lets the reader feel both how much the camp has taken and how much a man can still keep.","work":"One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich","author":"Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn","url":"/works/one-day-in-the-life-of-ivan-denisovich/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"one-day-in-the-life-of-ivan-denisovich:lesson:3","title":"Faith in the barracks","text":"Alyoshka the Baptist thanks God for prison as a place to think of the soul, and urges Shukhov to pray for spiritual things rather than for parcels or release. Shukhov is a half-believer who keeps his own counsel, but the conversation is the book's closing word before sleep.","work":"One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich","author":"Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn","url":"/works/one-day-in-the-life-of-ivan-denisovich/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"one-day-in-the-life-of-ivan-denisovich:lesson:4","title":"The brigade as a society","text":"The camp's system makes the brigade answer collectively for its output, so the men police and protect each other. Tyurin's leadership, Pavlo's fairness with the bread, and Fetyukov's isolation show a whole range of human responses to the same pressures.","work":"One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich","author":"Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn","url":"/works/one-day-in-the-life-of-ivan-denisovich/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"oneill-mourning-becomes-electra:lesson:1","title":"Fate becomes inheritance","text":"O'Neill keeps Aeschylus's chain of murders but removes the gods: the Mannons are driven by family likeness, buried resentments and the habits of a cold house. The play asks how far children are bound by what their parents did and were.","work":"Mourning Becomes Electra","author":"Eugene O'Neill","url":"/works/oneill-mourning-becomes-electra/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"oneill-mourning-becomes-electra:lesson:2","title":"Revenge that does not end","text":"In the Oresteia the cycle of blood ends in Athena's court and the Furies' acceptance of justice. The Mannons have no court and no forgiveness, so revenge passes from Brant to Christine to Lavinia and Orin, and ends only with Lavinia's self-imprisonment.","work":"Mourning Becomes Electra","author":"Eugene O'Neill","url":"/works/oneill-mourning-becomes-electra/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"oneill-mourning-becomes-electra:lesson:3","title":"Self-judgment","text":"Lavinia's final choice is to punish herself by living alone with the dead rather than seeking escape in marriage or death. The play presents this as her own verdict on herself and leaves the audience to weigh it.","work":"Mourning Becomes Electra","author":"Eugene O'Neill","url":"/works/oneill-mourning-becomes-electra/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"oneill-mourning-becomes-electra:lesson:4","title":"The house as a character","text":"The Mannon mansion, with its temple portico masking a grey stone house and its stern portraits, stands for Puritan pride and the denial of life. Characters long to escape it to the blessed islands of the South Seas, and the ending closes its shutters for good.","work":"Mourning Becomes Electra","author":"Eugene O'Neill","url":"/works/oneill-mourning-becomes-electra/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"orlando:lesson:1","title":"Biography as comedy","text":"The narrator poses as a sober biographer with documents and portraits, then complains when the documents are burnt or the subject only thinks. Woolf mocks the confident lives-and-letters biography of her father's generation and asks what a life really consists of.","work":"Orlando: A Biography","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/orlando/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"orlando:lesson:2","title":"The spirit of the age","text":"Each century in Orlando has its own weather: the Great Frost, the clarity of the eighteenth century, the damp and ivy of the Victorians, the electric speed of 1928. The book treats literary and social history as climates that press on every person who lives in them.","work":"Orlando: A Biography","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/orlando/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"orlando:lesson:3","title":"Clothes and the self","text":"After the change Orlando remains, the narrator says, the same person, but skirts change how Captain Bartolus treats her and how she looks at the world. The book presents two views, that clothes mould us and that something deeper chooses the clothes, and lets them argue.","work":"Orlando: A Biography","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/orlando/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"orlando:lesson:4","title":"One poem over three centuries","text":"The Oak Tree survives the burning in Chapter 2, travels with Orlando to Turkey and back, and is finished in the twentieth century. Woolf makes the slow labour of one poem the thread of a life and asks what fame adds to it.","work":"Orlando: A Biography","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/orlando/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"orwell-politics-and-the-english-language:lesson:1","title":"Clear words make clear thoughts possible","text":"Orwell argues that language is not only a mirror of thought but a tool that shapes it. A writer who lets ready-made phrases assemble his sentences ends by not knowing exactly what he thinks. Choosing each word deliberately is a discipline of the mind as well as of style.","work":"Politics and the English Language","author":"George Orwell","url":"/works/orwell-politics-and-the-english-language/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"orwell-politics-and-the-english-language:lesson:2","title":"Euphemism can hide wrongdoing","text":"In the political section Orwell shows how vague, Latinate phrases let writers describe violence without calling up its picture. Naming things plainly is therefore a moral act, because it lets readers see what is actually being proposed or defended.","work":"Politics and the English Language","author":"George Orwell","url":"/works/orwell-politics-and-the-english-language/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"orwell-politics-and-the-english-language:lesson:3","title":"Rules serve judgment","text":"Orwell's six rules end with a rule permitting the writer to break the other five rather than write something barbarous. The rules are aids to attention, not a mechanical code, and Orwell admits his own essay contains faults he condemns.","work":"Politics and the English Language","author":"George Orwell","url":"/works/orwell-politics-and-the-english-language/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"othello:lesson:1","title":"How suggestion becomes certainty","text":"Iago almost never states a lie outright in the temptation scene; he echoes Othello's words, hesitates, and warns him against the very jealousy he is planting. Shakespeare shows how a mind can be led to supply its own false proof once it accepts a frame of suspicion.","work":"Othello","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/othello/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"othello:lesson:2","title":"Reputation and the self","text":"Cassio cries that he has lost the immortal part of himself when he loses his reputation, while Iago tells Othello that a good name is the jewel of the soul. Othello's own final speech is an attempt to set his story straight before he dies. The play asks how far a person is what others say of him.","work":"Othello","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/othello/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"othello:lesson:3","title":"Faithfulness to the end","text":"Desdemona, struck and insulted, still pleads for Cassio, refuses to imagine infidelity even for the whole world, and with her last breath shields her husband. Emilia, long compliant, at last tells the truth though it kills her. The play sets their loyalty against Iago's betrayal.","work":"Othello","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/othello/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"othello:lesson:4","title":"The outsider and the city","text":"Venice honours Othello as the general it needs, but Iago, Roderigo and Brabantio speak of him in animal and devilish images. Othello wins Desdemona by telling his history, and he ends by narrating it again, comparing himself to the Turk he once struck down. His dignity and his isolation are both part of the tragedy.","work":"Othello","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/othello/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"our-town:lesson:1","title":"Our Town: formed attention","text":"Our Town teaches students to slow down before judgment. it trains ninth-grade readers to read simplicity as a deliberate form and to ask whether attention is a moral discipline","work":"Our Town","author":"Thornton Wilder","url":"/works/our-town/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"our-town:lesson:2","title":"Our Town: order and disorder","text":"Our Town makes order visible by showing what damages it. the play begins with breakfast and milk deliveries, then gradually reveals that the commonplace is visible only when it has passed away","work":"Our Town","author":"Thornton Wilder","url":"/works/our-town/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"our-town:lesson:3","title":"Our Town: body and soul","text":"Our Town gives the medical lens a human scale. the medical material is quiet but important: Doc Gibbs, childbirth, mortality statistics, grief, and the care rituals surrounding death","work":"Our Town","author":"Thornton Wilder","url":"/works/our-town/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ovid-heroides:lesson:1","title":"The other side of the epic","text":"Ovid retells the stories of Homer, Virgil and the tragedians from the point of view of the women left behind: Penelope weaving at home, Briseis in the camp, Dido on her pyre. The letters show that every heroic journey leaves someone waiting.","work":"Heroides","author":"Ovid","url":"/works/ovid-heroides/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ovid-heroides:lesson:2","title":"Faithfulness under pressure","text":"Penelope waits for twenty years, and Hypermnestra accepts chains rather than kill her husband. Ovid gives their fidelity eloquent voice and contrasts it with the broken promises of Demophoon, Jason and Theseus.","work":"Heroides","author":"Ovid","url":"/works/ovid-heroides/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ovid-heroides:lesson:3","title":"Persuasion and self-deception","text":"Ovid was trained in rhetoric, and each letter is an argument. Paris uses flattery and promises; Helen's reply raises objections that her own words gradually undo; Acontius defends a trick as an act of love. The letters teach readers to watch how arguments serve desire.","work":"Heroides","author":"Ovid","url":"/works/ovid-heroides/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ovid-heroides:lesson:4","title":"Love as an illness","text":"Oenone, taught healing by Apollo, admits that love cannot be cured by herbs; Cydippe lies wasted with a fever that physicians cannot explain. The letters belong to a long tradition that describes love as a sickness of body and mind.","work":"Heroides","author":"Ovid","url":"/works/ovid-heroides/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"owl-at-home:lesson:1","title":"Kindness needs good sense","text":"Owl opens his door to Winter because he feels sorry for it, and Winter ruins his evening. The story honours Owl's kind heart while showing that kindness must also look at who is knocking and what it will do.","work":"Owl at Home","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/owl-at-home/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"owl-at-home:lesson:2","title":"Look closely before you worry","text":"In Strange Bumps Owl loses a whole night's sleep over his own feet. The joke lets a child see, from the outside, how fears can grow when we do not stop to look carefully.","work":"Owl at Home","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/owl-at-home/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"owl-at-home:lesson:3","title":"You cannot be everywhere at once","text":"Owl runs himself ragged on the stairs because he cannot bear to miss either floor of his house. The story gently teaches that every creature is in one place at a time and does best to enjoy where it is.","work":"Owl at Home","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/owl-at-home/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"owl-at-home:lesson:4","title":"Sadness and comfort","text":"Tear-Water Tea lets Owl be sad on purpose about small lost things, and he feels better afterwards; Owl and the Moon ends a lonely walk with a friendly light at the window. Lobel shows that sadness is part of life and that comfort often comes quietly.","work":"Owl at Home","author":"Arnold Lobel","url":"/works/owl-at-home/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ozymandias:lesson:1","title":"Pride undone by time","text":"The king's inscription meant that no ruler could ever equal his works. Time has turned the same words into a warning that all such works perish. The poem lets the empty desert, rather than a moralizing narrator, deliver the verdict.","work":"Ozymandias","author":"Percy Bysshe Shelley","url":"/works/ozymandias/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ozymandias:lesson:2","title":"Art outlasts its subject and its maker","text":"What survives is not the king's empire but the sculptor's reading of his character. The artist's hand mocked, meaning both imitated and scorned, the passions it carved. The poem itself repeats the act, preserving the king only as an emblem of arrogance.","work":"Ozymandias","author":"Percy Bysshe Shelley","url":"/works/ozymandias/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ozymandias:lesson:3","title":"Testimony at second hand","text":"The speaker never sees the statue; he reports a traveller who reports a sculptor who recorded a king. Each layer distances the reader from Ozymandias, so that the mighty pharaoh reaches us as a rumor from the sand.","work":"Ozymandias","author":"Percy Bysshe Shelley","url":"/works/ozymandias/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"paradise-lost:lesson:1","title":"Free to stand, free to fall","text":"Milton's God says he made man sufficient to have stood, though free to fall. Obedience that could not be refused would be no obedience at all, so the poem places the cause of the Fall in the creature's own choice rather than in God's foreknowledge.","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"paradise-lost:lesson:2","title":"The hell within","text":"Satan boasts that the mind is its own place, but by Book IV he confesses that wherever he flies is Hell, because he is Hell. Pride does not escape its misery by changing place; it carries its prison with it.","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"paradise-lost:lesson:3","title":"One faithful among the faithless","text":"Abdiel alone among Satan's legions answers him with the truth and walks back to God through their scorn. Courage can mean standing apart from a whole company when it is wrong.","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"paradise-lost:lesson:4","title":"Repentance and the paradise within","text":"After blame and despair, Eve's humble plea begins the couple's reconciliation, and their prayer rises to Heaven. Michael teaches Adam that good will come of evil and that faith, virtue, patience, temperance and charity make a paradise within, happier far.","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"paradise-lost:lesson:5","title":"Marriage before and after the Fall","text":"Milton celebrates wedded love as a holy gift in Eden, then shows the same love disordered when Adam chooses Eve over obedience. The poem treats marriage as a partnership whose happiness depends on both partners' loyalty to God.","work":"Paradise Lost","author":"John Milton","url":"/works/paradise-lost/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"passages-from-the-life-of-a-philosopher:lesson:1","title":"Invention depends on institutions","text":"Babbage's engines fail to become public machines partly because design brilliance cannot substitute for stable funding, management, and trust. The memoir teaches that technology is never only an idea; it is also contracts, workshops, tolerances, and sponsors.","work":"Passages from the Life of a Philosopher","author":"Charles Babbage","url":"/works/passages-from-the-life-of-a-philosopher/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"passages-from-the-life-of-a-philosopher:lesson:2","title":"Precision is a moral habit","text":"The book treats error in tables, instruments, administration, and public argument as related failures of care. Babbage's anger can be excessive, but his standard is clear: civilization advances when it refuses to tolerate avoidable inaccuracy.","work":"Passages from the Life of a Philosopher","author":"Charles Babbage","url":"/works/passages-from-the-life-of-a-philosopher/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"passages-from-the-life-of-a-philosopher:lesson:3","title":"A memoir can be a technical archive","text":"Babbage uses autobiography to preserve details of machines that did not exist in completed form. The work shows how personal narrative can keep a technological future alive when hardware has stalled.","work":"Passages from the Life of a Philosopher","author":"Charles Babbage","url":"/works/passages-from-the-life-of-a-philosopher/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"passing:lesson:1","title":"Identity is performed and policed","text":"Passing shows race as a social category enforced by gaze, law and family secrets rather than a fixed biological fact. Clare's passing and Irene's occasional passing both expose how arbitrary and dangerous the colour line is.","work":"Passing","author":"Nella Larsen","url":"/works/passing/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"passing:lesson:2","title":"The unreliable inner voice","text":"Larsen's focus on Irene's consciousness invites readers to distrust what Irene tells herself. The novel models how fear and envy can be rationalized as concern for safety and family.","work":"Passing","author":"Nella Larsen","url":"/works/passing/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"passing:lesson:3","title":"Security versus freedom","text":"Irene craves stability; Clare and Brian both crave escape. The novel asks what is lost when safety becomes the highest value in a marriage or a life.","work":"Passing","author":"Nella Larsen","url":"/works/passing/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers:lesson:1","title":"One discovery can serve another field","text":"Pasteur opens his 1878 paper by saying that the sciences gain by mutual support. Lister read a chemist's papers on fermentation and saw in them the cause of wound infection; Pasteur in turn cited Lister. The papers show how knowledge travels from brewery to laboratory to hospital ward when someone is ready to see the connection.","work":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","author":"Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister","url":"/works/pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers:lesson:2","title":"Proof requires more than correlation","text":"Finding a microbe in a sick animal did not satisfy Pasteur. He grew the anthrax organism through twelve successive cultures until none of the original fluid could remain, and only then produced the disease with it. The lesson is that a cause must be isolated and tested, not merely observed alongside an effect.","work":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","author":"Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister","url":"/works/pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers:lesson:3","title":"Results speak in the wards","text":"Lister ends not with theory but with the record of his own wards, which had been among the unhealthiest in the infirmary and became free of the dreaded complications. He also admits that he did not dare use full-strength acid in early cases and that suppuration still sometimes appears. Honest reporting of both success and limitation is part of good medicine.","work":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","author":"Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister","url":"/works/pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers:lesson:4","title":"Welcoming criticism","text":"Pasteur closes his 1880 paper by admitting that medicine is not his profession and by welcoming any attack that has 'a method in doubting'. Strong conviction and openness to correction belong together in a scientist.","work":"Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)","author":"Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister","url":"/works/pasteur-and-lister-germ-theory-papers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"patriarcha:lesson:1","title":"The family as the pattern of the state","text":"Filmer's central claim is that the city is a large family and the king a father. Authority is not invented by human agreement; it is given by God in the order of creation, first to Adam over his children, and it carries the father's duty to preserve, feed, instruct and defend those in his care.","work":"Patriarcha","author":"Robert Filmer","url":"/works/patriarcha/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"patriarcha:lesson:2","title":"Can a whole people consent?","text":"Filmer presses a hard question on the theory of popular consent. If power first belonged to all, then every person, including women, children and those absent, would have to agree to transfer it, and majority rule and representation are themselves human arrangements that need some prior authority.","work":"Patriarcha","author":"Robert Filmer","url":"/works/patriarcha/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"patriarcha:lesson:3","title":"Order and the danger of rebellion","text":"Writing after decades of religious wars in Europe, Filmer feared doctrines that allowed subjects to depose their rulers. He holds that God may remove a wicked king, but that private men who take that judgment into their own hands commit sin.","work":"Patriarcha","author":"Robert Filmer","url":"/works/patriarcha/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"patriarcha:lesson:4","title":"Law, prerogative and the king's conscience","text":"In Chapter III Filmer argues that law is the instrument of the ruler, as a rule is the carpenter's tool. The king ordinarily keeps the laws and swears to do so, but he must be able to act above them, through equity, pardons and emergency measures, for the good of those who live under them.","work":"Patriarcha","author":"Robert Filmer","url":"/works/patriarcha/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"paul-reveres-ride:lesson:1","title":"One alarm, many hands","text":"The poem's plan depends on two people: a friend who watches and signals and a rider who carries the word. Neither succeeds alone, and the ride matters only because villages and farms answer the alarm. Longfellow shows that a single act of courage becomes history when others are ready to respond.","work":"Paul Revere's Ride","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/paul-reveres-ride/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"paul-reveres-ride:lesson:2","title":"How a poem makes memory","text":"Longfellow tells the story to children and claims that hardly anyone alive remembers the day; the poem itself will now do the remembering. He chooses vivid, repeatable details, the lanterns, the spark, the village clock, so that the event can be passed on. A nation's memory, the poem suggests, is carried as much by stories as by records.","work":"Paul Revere's Ride","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/paul-reveres-ride/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"paul-reveres-ride:lesson:3","title":"A word for the hour of peril","text":"The final stanza turns a night in 1775 into a call that will echo in every hour of darkness and peril and need. Written as the Union moved toward war in 1860, the poem asks readers to wake as the Middlesex farmers did. Remembering past courage is presented as a summons to present duty.","work":"Paul Revere's Ride","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/paul-reveres-ride/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pearl-harbor-address:lesson:1","title":"Letting facts carry the argument","text":"Roosevelt makes his case for war almost without adjectives in the middle of the speech. The list of places attacked overnight, one per sentence, does the persuading, and he says so: the facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. Restraint at the center makes the moral words at the beginning and end weigh more.","work":"Pearl Harbor Address (\"A Date Which Will Live in Infamy\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/pearl-harbor-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pearl-harbor-address:lesson:2","title":"Treachery and the just cause of war","text":"The address rests the justice of war on the manner of the attack as much as its damage: Japan struck while negotiating and sought to deceive the United States with talk of peace. Roosevelt frames the declaration as a response to an unprovoked wrong already done, so that Congress recognizes a war that already exists.","work":"Pearl Harbor Address (\"A Date Which Will Live in Infamy\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/pearl-harbor-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pearl-harbor-address:lesson:3","title":"Memory as a national duty","text":"Roosevelt tells the nation that the date will live in infamy and that the whole nation will always remember the character of the onslaught. The speech does not only ask for a declaration; it fixes how the event will be remembered, joining resolve to remembrance.","work":"Pearl Harbor Address (\"A Date Which Will Live in Infamy\")","author":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"/works/pearl-harbor-address/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science:lesson:1","title":"How beliefs get settled","text":"Peirce observes that people settle their opinions in several ways: by holding on stubbornly, by deferring to authority, by accepting what seems reasonable, or by investigating. He grants the strengths of each but argues that only investigation lets the world itself correct us.","work":"Illustrations of the Logic of Science","author":"Charles Sanders Peirce","url":"/works/peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science:lesson:2","title":"Meaning shows itself in consequences","text":"Peirce's rule for clear ideas asks what difference a concept would make in conceivable experience. If two ideas make no conceivable difference, they are the same idea in different words. The rule exposes empty disputes and sharpens real ones.","work":"Illustrations of the Logic of Science","author":"Charles Sanders Peirce","url":"/works/peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science:lesson:3","title":"Good reasoning is a shared enterprise","text":"Because probability concerns the long run, and no single life is long enough, Peirce concludes that a reasoner must care about the whole community of inquirers, present and future. He finds in this a moral as well as a logical demand.","work":"Illustrations of the Logic of Science","author":"Charles Sanders Peirce","url":"/works/peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science:lesson:4","title":"Three ways to reason","text":"Deduction draws out what is contained in a rule; induction generalizes from samples; hypothesis guesses the case that would explain a surprising fact. Peirce's bean-bag example shows how these forms fit together in scientific work.","work":"Illustrations of the Logic of Science","author":"Charles Sanders Peirce","url":"/works/peirce-illustrations-of-the-logic-of-science/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pensees:lesson:1","title":"Diversion as the flight from oneself","text":"Pascal argues that people seek constant activity, from hunting to war, because being alone with their thoughts is unbearable. The analysis anticipates later accounts of boredom, avoidance and compulsive distraction, though Pascal's remedy is religious rather than therapeutic.","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pensees:lesson:2","title":"The imagination rules the judge and the physician","text":"Fragment 82 describes imagination as a power that can make people 'healthy and sick' and that gives authority to robed doctors whose real knowledge is thin. It is an early analysis of placebo, prestige and phobic fear, and also a warning that judgment is always embodied.","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pensees:lesson:3","title":"Wagering under uncertainty","text":"The wager applies the newly invented mathematics of expected value to the deepest existential question. Whatever one thinks of its theology, it introduced decision theory under uncertainty and the idea that a refusal to choose is itself a choice.","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pensees:lesson:4","title":"Greatness and wretchedness together","text":"Against Stoic pride and sceptical despair, Pascal insists that humans are both noble and miserable, a thinking reed, neither angel nor brute. Trying to be purely one or the other ends in its opposite.","work":"Pensees","author":"Blaise Pascal","url":"/works/pensees/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pericles-funeral-oration:lesson:1","title":"A city worth dying for","text":"Pericles praises the dead chiefly by praising Athens, arguing that their sacrifice makes sense only if the city they defended is worthy of it. The structure of the speech teaches that civic courage depends on a clear understanding of what one's community is and why it deserves love.","work":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","author":"Pericles","url":"/works/pericles-funeral-oration/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pericles-funeral-oration:lesson:2","title":"Discussion as preparation for action","text":"In II.40 Pericles claims that Athenians see debate not as an obstacle to action but as its necessary preliminary, and that they unite daring with deliberation. The claim is a lasting statement of what self-government asks of ordinary citizens.","work":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","author":"Pericles","url":"/works/pericles-funeral-oration/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pericles-funeral-oration:lesson:3","title":"Praise read in the light of what follows","text":"Thucydides places this confident portrait of Athens immediately before his account of the plague, which killed many citizens and eventually Pericles himself. Readers learn to watch how a historian's arrangement of material can comment on a speech without a word of editorial judgment.","work":"Pericles' Funeral Oration","author":"Pericles","url":"/works/pericles-funeral-oration/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"persian-letters:lesson:1","title":"Seeing one's own culture as strange","text":"By describing France through Persian eyes, Montesquieu makes the familiar absurd. The device teaches readers to question customs they take for natural.","work":"Persian Letters","author":"Montesquieu","url":"/works/persian-letters/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"persian-letters:lesson:2","title":"Reason does not guarantee virtue","text":"Usbek argues eloquently against despotism while ruling his seraglio by terror. The novel shows that enlightened opinions can coexist with tyranny in private life.","work":"Persian Letters","author":"Montesquieu","url":"/works/persian-letters/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"persian-letters:lesson:3","title":"Virtue as the foundation of self-government","text":"The Troglodyte fable argues that a free society depends on citizens who choose justice, and that people sometimes prefer a master to the burden of virtue.","work":"Persian Letters","author":"Montesquieu","url":"/works/persian-letters/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"personal-memoirs:lesson:1","title":"The enemy is as afraid as you are","text":"Grant's account of approaching Colonel Harris's camp with his heart in his throat, only to find it abandoned, gives the book's central psychological insight. Courage in command began, for him, with imagining the other side's fear, and he says he never again felt trepidation facing an enemy.","work":"Personal Memoirs","author":"Ulysses S. Grant","url":"/works/personal-memoirs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"personal-memoirs:lesson:2","title":"Plain style as a moral choice","text":"Grant writes without heroics, gore or self-justification, letting dates, distances and numbers carry the story. The restraint makes his few judgments more forceful: the Mexican War was unjust, Cold Harbor was a mistake, the Confederate cause was among the worst ever fought for.","work":"Personal Memoirs","author":"Ulysses S. Grant","url":"/works/personal-memoirs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"personal-memoirs:lesson:3","title":"Writing against the clock of a terminal illness","text":"The memoir is also an act of dying well: Grant finishes a major work to secure his family while the cancer destroys his ability to speak and swallow. The preface's brief reference to being 'reduced almost to the point of death' is the only overt trace of the circumstances in the text.","work":"Personal Memoirs","author":"Ulysses S. Grant","url":"/works/personal-memoirs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"personal-memoirs:lesson:4","title":"Disease was the larger enemy","text":"From cholera on the Isthmus to measles and smallpox at Vicksburg and fever and ague in Missouri, Grant records illness as a constant force. His own sick headache before Appomattox shows how stress and relief act on the body.","work":"Personal Memoirs","author":"Ulysses S. Grant","url":"/works/personal-memoirs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"persuasion:lesson:1","title":"Prudence and regret","text":"Anne was right to listen to an adviser she trusted and wrong in the outcome; the novel refuses easy blame while showing the long cost of over-caution.","work":"Persuasion","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/persuasion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"persuasion:lesson:2","title":"Merit over rank","text":"The navy, where men rise by ability, is set against the Elliots' hollow pride in birth. Austen registers the social shift toward earned status.","work":"Persuasion","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/persuasion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"persuasion:lesson:3","title":"Constancy and the story women are allowed to tell","text":"Anne's debate with Harville questions whose experience literature records. She argues that books written by men cannot prove women's inconstancy.","work":"Persuasion","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/persuasion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"persuasion:lesson:4","title":"Composure in a crisis","text":"At Lyme, when the others faint or panic, Anne calmly directs help for Louisa. Austen presents practical competence as a form of moral worth.","work":"Persuasion","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/persuasion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"peter-pan:lesson:1","title":"Growing up is a loss and a gift","text":"Wendy learns at two that she must grow up, and the book ends with her grown, her hair turning white, watching her daughter fly away. Peter never grows up, but he also forgets his friends, his adventures and even Tinker Bell. Barrie lets readers feel the sadness of leaving childhood while showing that only those who grow up can love and remember.","work":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","author":"J. M. Barrie","url":"/works/peter-pan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"peter-pan:lesson:2","title":"A mother's love keeps the window open","text":"While her children are gone, Mrs. Darling keeps the nursery window open and waits. Wendy's bedtime story about the mother who always left the window open for her children is what calls John and Michael home. The book treats a mother's faithful waiting as stronger than all the magic of the Neverland.","work":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","author":"J. M. Barrie","url":"/works/peter-pan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"peter-pan:lesson:3","title":"Saying sorry the hard way","text":"Mr. Darling plays a mean trick on Nana and chains her outside, and that night his children fly away. Ashamed, he crawls into Nana's kennel and lives there, even riding to the office in it, until they come home. His penance is comic, but it is real repentance: he takes the blame on himself instead of making excuses.","work":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","author":"J. M. Barrie","url":"/works/peter-pan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"peter-pan:lesson:4","title":"Courage in danger","text":"On Marooners' Rock Peter is afraid for the first time, yet he stands up straight as the water rises. On the pirate ship Wendy refuses to join the pirates and walks toward the plank telling the boys their mothers hope they will die like English gentlemen. Barrie gives his young heroes real danger and lets them meet it bravely.","work":"Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)","author":"J. M. Barrie","url":"/works/peter-pan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"phaedrus-and-letters-vii-and-viii:lesson:1","title":"Not all madness is illness","text":"Socrates distinguishes injurious derangement from divinely inspired states in prophecy, ritual, poetry and love. The dialogue invites reflection on how cultures decide which altered states are pathological and which are valued.","work":"Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII","author":"Plato","url":"/works/phaedrus-and-letters-vii-and-viii/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"phaedrus-and-letters-vii-and-viii:lesson:2","title":"The divided soul","text":"The charioteer image presents the self as a team that must be steered, with reason guiding spirited and appetitive forces. It is one of the earliest and most influential models of inner conflict.","work":"Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII","author":"Plato","url":"/works/phaedrus-and-letters-vii-and-viii/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"phaedrus-and-letters-vii-and-viii:lesson:3","title":"Technologies change memory","text":"Thamus warns that writing will weaken memory and give the appearance of wisdom. The argument still frames debates about every new information technology.","work":"Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII","author":"Plato","url":"/works/phaedrus-and-letters-vii-and-viii/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"phaedrus-and-letters-vii-and-viii:lesson:4","title":"Philosophy meets power","text":"The Seventh Letter records the failure of an attempt to make a ruler a philosopher. It shows the gap between ideal political theory and the realities of court, ambition and violence.","work":"Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII","author":"Plato","url":"/works/phaedrus-and-letters-vii-and-viii/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pierce-v-society-of-sisters:lesson:1","title":"The child is not the mere creature of the state","text":"McReynolds's most famous sentence places the primary right and duty of upbringing with those who nurture the child. It does not deny the state any role in education; it denies the state a general power to standardize children by sending all of them to the same teachers.","work":"Pierce v. Society of Sisters","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/pierce-v-society-of-sisters/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pierce-v-society-of-sisters:lesson:2","title":"Regulation versus monopoly","text":"Before announcing the holding, the opinion lists what the state may do: require attendance, inspect schools, set standards for teachers and require certain studies. The distinction between regulating private schools and abolishing them is the hinge of the case and remains central to debates over education law.","work":"Pierce v. Society of Sisters","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/pierce-v-society-of-sisters/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pierce-v-society-of-sisters:lesson:3","title":"Property, religion and the shape of a case","text":"The Sisters sued as a corporation protecting its business and property, and the Court decided the case under the due process clause rather than the religion clauses, which had not yet been applied to the states. The religious character of the Sisters' schools was clear in the record, yet the legal argument turned on parental liberty and the value of a lawful enterprise.","work":"Pierce v. Society of Sisters","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/pierce-v-society-of-sisters/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pirandello-three-plays:lesson:1","title":"The character who will not be rewritten","text":"The six characters insist that their story is fixed and true, while the actors, who are real people, can only imitate it. Pirandello turns the usual relation of art and life upside down to ask which is more real, the changing person or the finished character.","work":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","author":"Luigi Pirandello","url":"/works/pirandello-three-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pirandello-three-plays:lesson:2","title":"Judged by one act","text":"The Father protests that it is unjust to sum up a person by a single shameful moment, since each of us is many selves to many people. The Step-Daughter answers that the moment happened. The play holds both claims in tension rather than resolving them.","work":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","author":"Luigi Pirandello","url":"/works/pirandello-three-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pirandello-three-plays:lesson:3","title":"Masks chosen and masks imposed","text":"Henry IV first wears a mask by accident and then by choice, preferring a fixed historical role to a world that moved on without him. His final crime makes the mask permanent. Pirandello presents the visitors' social roles as masks too.","work":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","author":"Luigi Pirandello","url":"/works/pirandello-three-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pirandello-three-plays:lesson:4","title":"Curiosity and charity","text":"In Right You Are!, the townspeople's hunger to know the truth about Ponza and Signora Frola tramples on two people who have arranged their lives to spare each other pain. Laudisi's laughter and Signora Ponza's veil leave the question unanswered.","work":"Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays","author":"Luigi Pirandello","url":"/works/pirandello-three-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"planned-parenthood-v-casey:lesson:1","title":"Four tests for keeping a precedent","text":"Part III-A turns the doctrine of stare decisis into a set of questions about workability, reliance, doctrinal change and changed facts. Students can apply these questions to any precedent and see that both the joint opinion and the Chief Justice accept that precedent matters, while disagreeing about what it requires here.","work":"Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/planned-parenthood-v-casey/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"planned-parenthood-v-casey:lesson:2","title":"Reasoned judgment or tradition?","text":"The joint opinion holds that the liberty of the Fourteenth Amendment is not limited to rights named in the Bill of Rights or protected in 1868, and that judges must use reasoned judgment within the tradition of earlier cases. Scalia replies that such judgment has no fixed boundary and that text and long-standing tradition are the only reliable limits on judges.","work":"Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/planned-parenthood-v-casey/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"planned-parenthood-v-casey:lesson:3","title":"The legitimacy of a court","text":"The joint opinion argues that a court without purse or sword depends on public confidence in its principled character, and that overruling a divisive decision under pressure would spend that confidence. Its critics reply that the Court's legitimacy depends on faithful interpretation, not on constancy for its own sake.","work":"Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/planned-parenthood-v-casey/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"planned-parenthood-v-casey:lesson:4","title":"A new test and its critics","text":"The undue-burden standard asks whether a regulation places a substantial obstacle in the woman's path before viability. Its authors offered it as a way to honour both the woman's liberty and the State's interests; Scalia and the Chief Justice argued that it gives judges no principled way to decide which burdens are undue.","work":"Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/planned-parenthood-v-casey/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plato-laws:lesson:1","title":"Laws should aim at the whole of virtue, not victory in war","text":"The Athenian's first criticism of the Cretan and Spartan codes is that they train citizens for war and courage alone. A lawgiver should aim at peace and at all the virtues together, with wisdom first, because the most important war is the one each person fights within himself.","work":"Laws","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-laws/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plato-laws:lesson:2","title":"Persuasion before command","text":"In Book IV the Athenian compares two doctors: one gives orders without explanation, the other reasons with the patient until he is convinced. Good laws, he concludes, should be prefaced by preambles that teach citizens why the law is just, so that obedience comes from understanding as well as fear of penalty.","work":"Laws","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-laws/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plato-laws:lesson:3","title":"Rulers are servants of the law","text":"The Athenian calls magistrates ministers or servants of the law and says that a state where law is above the rulers receives every blessing, while one where the law has no authority is on the road to ruin. Book III makes the same point historically about Persia and Athens.","work":"Laws","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-laws/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plato-laws:lesson:4","title":"Education forms the loves before the reasons","text":"Books II and VII teach that children must learn to take pleasure in good things and to dislike bad ones through song, dance and play long before they can understand arguments. The supervisor of education is therefore the greatest officer of the state.","work":"Laws","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-laws/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plato-laws:lesson:5","title":"Belief about the gods is a matter of public concern","text":"Book X argues that the soul is older than the body and that the gods exist, care for human beings, and cannot be bribed. The Athenian treats these beliefs as foundations of a lawful city and tries first to persuade those who doubt them.","work":"Laws","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-laws/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plato-meno:lesson:1","title":"Define before you decide","text":"Meno wants to know how virtue is gained before he knows what it is, and Socrates refuses to let him skip the first question. His bees, shapes and colours show the difference between giving examples and giving an account of what all the examples share.","work":"Meno","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-meno/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plato-meno:lesson:2","title":"Perplexity can be a gift","text":"The slave boy is better off once he knows he does not know, because only then does he want to search. Meno's complaint about the torpedo fish describes the same numbing, and Socrates treats it as the doorway to learning rather than a defeat.","work":"Meno","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-meno/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plato-meno:lesson:3","title":"The duty to inquire","text":"Against Meno's paradox, Socrates says he is not sure of every detail of the recollection story, but he will fight for one conclusion: we become better and braver by believing we ought to seek what we do not know. The dialogue ties intellectual effort to courage.","work":"Meno","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-meno/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plato-meno:lesson:4","title":"Knowledge and right opinion","text":"A person with true opinion can guide a traveller to Larisa as well as one who knows the road. But true opinions wander off unless they are tied down by working out the reason, as the statues of Daedalus had to be tied to keep them from running away.","work":"Meno","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-meno/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plato-statesman:lesson:1","title":"Ruling is a kind of knowledge","text":"The Stranger insists that the mark of a true ruler is not birth, wealth, numbers or the consent of the ruled, but knowledge of how to care for a city. Like a physician or a pilot, the true statesman is judged by whether he makes those in his care better. This sets a high standard against which every actual government is measured.","work":"Statesman","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-statesman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plato-statesman:lesson:2","title":"Law as a second best","text":"Written laws are too general to fit every case, and the Stranger compares them to an obstinate tyrant who will not listen. Yet because true statesmen are almost never found, a city does best to hold strictly to laws that came from experience and counsel. The dialogue honours both the ideal of wise rule and the practical safety of law.","work":"Statesman","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-statesman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plato-statesman:lesson:3","title":"Weaving opposite virtues together","text":"Courage and temperance, both good, can pull people apart; the bold find the gentle sluggish, the gentle find the bold violent, and each type marries its own kind until it grows extreme. The statesman's highest work is to bind these natures together by shared convictions about the good and by marriage, so that the city has both energy and restraint.","work":"Statesman","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-statesman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plato-statesman:lesson:4","title":"Myth and method in the search for truth","text":"The Statesman combines dry, step-by-step division with one of Plato's grandest myths. The myth corrects an error the method had made: the human ruler is not a god herding sheep. The dialogue shows that patient analysis and imaginative story can serve the same inquiry.","work":"Statesman","author":"Plato","url":"/works/plato-statesman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plessy-v-ferguson:lesson:1","title":"What counts as equality before the law","text":"Brown and Harlan both affirm that the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees legal equality, yet they reach opposite results. Brown separates political rights from social arrangements and asks whether the coaches are equal; Harlan holds that the law may not sort citizens by race at all in exercising civil rights.","work":"Plessy v. Ferguson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plessy-v-ferguson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plessy-v-ferguson:lesson:2","title":"Reasonableness and custom","text":"The majority judges the law by whether it is reasonable, and lets the legislature consult the established usages and traditions of the people. The standard gives broad room to elected bodies, and it also ties the meaning of constitutional rights to prevailing local practice.","work":"Plessy v. Ferguson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plessy-v-ferguson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plessy-v-ferguson:lesson:3","title":"Reading purpose behind neutral words","text":"The statute applies the same rule to both races, and Louisiana relied on that symmetry. Harlan argued that judges should look at the evident object of a law, which he said everyone knew, rather than its formal evenhandedness.","work":"Plessy v. Ferguson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plessy-v-ferguson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plessy-v-ferguson:lesson:4","title":"The lone dissent and later law","text":"Harlan wrote only for himself in 1896. His phrase that the Constitution is color-blind was quoted by lawyers in the decades that followed, and the Court's reasoning in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) rejected the separate but equal rule in public schools.","work":"Plessy v. Ferguson","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plessy-v-ferguson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plutarch-essays:lesson:1","title":"Listening is an active art","text":"Plutarch argues that learners should engage critically with what they hear, examining their own lives against it. Education succeeds only when the student takes responsibility for it.","work":"Essays","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-essays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plutarch-essays:lesson:2","title":"Flattery is a counterfeit of friendship","text":"Because the flatterer imitates every sign of affection, the test of a friend is willingness to speak frankly for our good. The essay is a practical guide to honest feedback.","work":"Essays","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-essays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plutarch-essays:lesson:3","title":"Philosophy as care of the soul","text":"Plutarch treats the passions as ailments that can be managed by habit and reflection. Tranquillity is presented as a skill, not a gift of fortune.","work":"Essays","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-essays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plutarch-essays:lesson:4","title":"Grief within limits","text":"The consolation to his wife accepts grief as natural while urging restraint. It offers a classical model of mourning that modern readers may find both moving and austere.","work":"Essays","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-essays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plutarch-lives:lesson:1","title":"Character shows in small things","text":"Plutarch looks for character in sayings and jests as well as battles. A student learns to read a person by habits and small choices, which reveal what great occasions can hide.","work":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-lives/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plutarch-lives:lesson:2","title":"Comparison as a way to judge","text":"By setting two lives side by side, Plutarch makes the reader weigh virtues against each other: Aristides’ justice against Cato’s industry, Demosthenes’ eloquence against Cicero’s. Comparison sharpens judgment without flattery.","work":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-lives/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plutarch-lives:lesson:3","title":"Great gifts need governed passions","text":"Alcibiades, Marius, Sulla, Coriolanus, and Antony had rare gifts, yet ambition, anger, or pleasure undid them. Plutarch shows again and again that ability without temperance ruins both the man and the city.","work":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-lives/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plutarch-lives:lesson:4","title":"Public service and private integrity","text":"Aristides died poor, Phocion refused Alexander’s gifts, Cato the Younger kept the treasury honest. Plutarch presents integrity in small public duties as the foundation of trust.","work":"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/plutarch-lives/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plyler-v-doe:lesson:1","title":"Who is a person within the jurisdiction?","text":"Texas argued that people who entered unlawfully were not within its jurisdiction. Brennan answered from the text and history of the Fourteenth Amendment that the phrase covers everyone physically subject to a state's laws, and the dissent agreed on this point. The disagreement lay elsewhere, in how closely the Court should examine the law.","work":"Plyler v. Doe","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plyler-v-doe/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plyler-v-doe:lesson:2","title":"Responsibility and the children of lawbreakers","text":"Brennan distinguished the children from their parents, who had chosen to enter unlawfully. Drawing on cases about children born outside marriage, he reasoned that penalizing children for their parents' conduct is contrary to basic ideas of individual responsibility. Burger replied that the children's status was not immutable and that the analogy was misleading.","work":"Plyler v. Doe","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plyler-v-doe/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plyler-v-doe:lesson:3","title":"A standard between the usual tests","text":"After Rodriguez, education was not a fundamental right and undocumented status was not a suspect class, which would normally mean rational-basis review. Brennan nevertheless required that the law further a substantial state interest. Supporters saw a sensible response to an unusual combination of facts; Burger saw a new standard assembled for a single case.","work":"Plyler v. Doe","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plyler-v-doe/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"plyler-v-doe:lesson:4","title":"Policy and constitutional law","text":"Burger wrote that he would not choose Texas's policy as a legislator, and Powell acknowledged the frustration of Texas officials. Both separated the wisdom of a law from its constitutionality, though they reached different results. The case invites students to notice when judges distinguish what they think best from what the Constitution requires.","work":"Plyler v. Doe","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/plyler-v-doe/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poe-tales:lesson:1","title":"Reason that sees what others overlook","text":"Dupin succeeds where the police fail, not because he searches harder but because he thinks differently. In the Rue Morgue he attends to what the witnesses disagree about; in The Purloined Letter he asks what kind of mind the thief has. Poe shows that close observation must be joined to imagination about other people.","work":"Tales (Selection)","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/poe-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poe-tales:lesson:2","title":"No wall keeps out death","text":"Prince Prospero's welded gates and endless revels are an attempt to buy safety from the plague while his people die outside. The ebony clock that halts the dancers every hour and the uninvited guest at midnight make the old lesson of the memento mori into a single vivid picture.","work":"Tales (Selection)","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/poe-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poe-tales:lesson:3","title":"Conscience will speak","text":"The narrator of The Tell-Tale Heart plans his crime coolly and hides it well, yet he betrays himself to police who suspect nothing. Whether the beating he hears is real or imagined, Poe dramatizes the power of guilt to break through careful self-justification.","work":"Tales (Selection)","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/poe-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poe-tales:lesson:4","title":"The cold logic of revenge","text":"Montresor states rules for perfect vengeance: the avenger must punish with impunity and the wronged man must know who punishes him. He follows them exactly, yet he is still telling the story fifty years later. The tale invites readers to weigh what such revenge actually gains.","work":"Tales (Selection)","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/poe-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poe-tales:lesson:5","title":"A house and a mind in ruin","text":"In The Fall of the House of Usher the crack in the mansion's front, the stagnant tarn and Roderick's poem The Haunted Palace all mirror the collapse of a family and a mind. Poe's method of unity of effect makes every detail of setting serve the single impression of dread.","work":"Tales (Selection)","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/poe-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poems-hopkins:lesson:1","title":"Poems: formed attention","text":"Poems teaches students to slow down before judgment. eleventh-grade readers can study how form, sound, theology, and emotional extremity cooperate rather than compete","work":"Poems","author":"Gerard Manley Hopkins","url":"/works/poems-hopkins/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poems-hopkins:lesson:2","title":"Poems: order and disorder","text":"Poems makes order visible by showing what damages it. the collection ranges from nature sonnets and shipwreck elegy to the terrible sonnets, where spiritual anguish becomes compressed lyric argument","work":"Poems","author":"Gerard Manley Hopkins","url":"/works/poems-hopkins/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poems-hopkins:lesson:3","title":"Poems: body and soul","text":"Poems gives the medical lens a human scale. Hopkins is important for melancholia, scruple, exhaustion, vocation stress, and the language of inward suffering before modern diagnostic categories","work":"Poems","author":"Gerard Manley Hopkins","url":"/works/poems-hopkins/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poems-of-emily-dickinson:lesson:1","title":"Much said in little","text":"Dickinson's poems are often only eight or twelve lines long, yet a single image, a carriage, a bird, a frigate, carries a whole argument. Reading her teaches slow attention: each word is chosen, and a single dash or capital can turn the meaning.","work":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/poems-of-emily-dickinson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poems-of-emily-dickinson:lesson:2","title":"Facing death calmly","text":"Many of the Time and Eternity poems imagine dying from the inside, sometimes with gentleness (The Chariot), sometimes with an interruption as small as a fly. Dickinson keeps returning to the moment when time meets eternity, testing faith by imagination.","work":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/poems-of-emily-dickinson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poems-of-emily-dickinson:lesson:3","title":"The worth of the inward life","text":"Poems such as The soul selects her own society and I'm nobody! Who are you? prize a hidden, chosen life over public notice. Dickinson's own seclusion produced work of great range; the poems show that a small world can hold a large mind.","work":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/poems-of-emily-dickinson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poems-of-emily-dickinson:lesson:4","title":"Seeing nature exactly","text":"Dickinson's snake parts the grass as with a comb and looks like a whip-lash unbraiding in the sun; her winter light has weight. She models careful looking that is both scientific in precision and spiritual in what it notices.","work":"Poems: First, Second and Third Series","author":"Emily Dickinson","url":"/works/poems-of-emily-dickinson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poetic-edda:lesson:1","title":"Fame that outlives the herd","text":"Hovamol 77-78 sets the deaths of cattle, kinsmen and oneself against the one thing that does not die, a good name and the memory of a man's deeds. The heroic lays then test this ideal: Gunnar and Hogni die horribly but are remembered for their steadfastness. The poems teach what an honour culture hoped for in the face of death, and leave open whether fame is enough.","work":"The Poetic Edda","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/poetic-edda/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poetic-edda:lesson:2","title":"Ordinary wisdom in the High One's sayings","text":"Much of Hovamol is practical counsel: be wary entering a strange hall, drink ale in moderation, keep faith with friends, rise early if you have few workers, do not be ashamed of poor clothes. Its sayings resemble the wisdom literature of other peoples, rooted in the hard life of a Norse farmstead and its hospitality.","work":"The Poetic Edda","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/poetic-edda/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poetic-edda:lesson:3","title":"The seeress sees the end","text":"Voluspo moves from creation through the gods' oath-breaking and Baldr's death to a final battle no god can prevent, and then to a renewed earth and a hall thatched with gold. The poem joins a strong sense of fate with moral cause: the gods' broken oaths and the brothers who kill each other help bring the end.","work":"The Poetic Edda","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/poetic-edda/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poetic-edda:lesson:4","title":"The curse on Andvari's gold","text":"From the otter's ransom onward, the dwarf Andvari's gold carries a curse that brings death to Hreithmar, Fafnir, Regin, Sigurth and the Gjukungs in turn. The Sigurth poems show how greed for a treasure can bind generations to violence, while Gunnar's refusal to surrender it becomes, oddly, an act of loyalty.","work":"The Poetic Edda","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/poetic-edda/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poetic-edda:lesson:5","title":"Women's grief in the heroic lays","text":"Guthrun cannot weep over Sigurth until his body is uncovered; Brynhild rides to Hel defending her deeds; Oddrun laments her love for Gunnar. These poems give the heroic legend through the voices of the women who survive it, and their sorrow carries much of the cycle's power.","work":"The Poetic Edda","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/poetic-edda/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poincare-science-and-hypothesis:lesson:1","title":"Neither credulous nor sceptical","text":"Poincaré opens by setting aside two easy positions, that science is infallible and that it is a house of cards. Both spare us the work of thinking. The task is to sort hypotheses by kind and see which are tested truths, which are useful aids, and which are conventions.","work":"Science and Hypothesis","author":"Henri Poincare","url":"/works/poincare-science-and-hypothesis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poincare-science-and-hypothesis:lesson:2","title":"Geometry as convention","text":"Because consistent non-Euclidean geometries exist, Poincaré argues that Euclid's axioms cannot be necessary truths; because experiments concern physical bodies, not ideal lines, they cannot be experimental facts. They are conventions chosen for convenience, and Euclid's is the simplest and best suited to the behaviour of solid bodies.","work":"Science and Hypothesis","author":"Henri Poincare","url":"/works/poincare-science-and-hypothesis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poincare-science-and-hypothesis:lesson:3","title":"Facts and the house of science","text":"Experiment is the only source of new truth, but a heap of facts is not a science. The scientist must choose which facts matter, generalize from them, and foresee. Generalization requires belief in the simplicity and unity of nature, held provisionally.","work":"Science and Hypothesis","author":"Henri Poincare","url":"/works/poincare-science-and-hypothesis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"poincare-science-and-hypothesis:lesson:4","title":"What survives when theories change","text":"Against talk of the 'bankruptcy of science', Poincaré argues that when one theory replaces another, its equations, which express relations, often remain true. Fresnel's ether was abandoned, but his predictions of optical phenomena still hold. What science knows are relations, not the hidden nature of things.","work":"Science and Hypothesis","author":"Henri Poincare","url":"/works/poincare-science-and-hypothesis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"polanyi-personal-knowledge:lesson:1","title":"We know more than we can say","text":"Polanyi shows that much knowledge is tacit: the swimmer keeps afloat, the cyclist balances and the physician recognizes a symptom by skills they cannot fully state. Such knowledge is transmitted by example and practice rather than by written rules.","work":"Personal Knowledge","author":"Michael Polanyi","url":"/works/polanyi-personal-knowledge/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"polanyi-personal-knowledge:lesson:2","title":"Attending from and attending to","text":"In using a hammer or a probe we are subsidiarily aware of the tool and focally aware of the nail or the object probed. Polanyi extends this to language and theory, through which we attend to the world. If we shift attention to the clues themselves, the performance can collapse.","work":"Personal Knowledge","author":"Michael Polanyi","url":"/works/polanyi-personal-knowledge/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"polanyi-personal-knowledge:lesson:3","title":"Belief before understanding","text":"Polanyi argues that the modern ideal of accepting nothing that cannot be proved leaves no foundation at all, since every inquiry depends on beliefs held in trust. He revives Augustine's principle that one must believe in order to understand, and treats commitment as responsible rather than arbitrary.","work":"Personal Knowledge","author":"Michael Polanyi","url":"/works/polanyi-personal-knowledge/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"polanyi-personal-knowledge:lesson:4","title":"The community of science","text":"Science depends on a community of trust in which learners submit to masters, specialists rely on one another's judgment, and members share standards of value. Polanyi defended the freedom of this community against central planning and political control.","work":"Personal Knowledge","author":"Michael Polanyi","url":"/works/polanyi-personal-knowledge/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"politics:lesson:1","title":"Politics: formed attention","text":"Politics teaches students to slow down before judgment. twelfth-grade students can compare ancient political teleology with modern contract, rights, and liberation arguments","work":"Politics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/politics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"politics:lesson:2","title":"Politics: order and disorder","text":"Politics makes order visible by showing what damages it. the work proceeds from the naturalness of the polis through forms of rule and constitutional pathology toward education as the city's deepest task","work":"Politics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/politics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"politics:lesson:3","title":"Politics: body and soul","text":"Politics gives the medical lens a human scale. the medical lens appears by analogy: Aristotle often treats constitutions as healthy or diseased orders, requiring diagnosis, regimen, and proportion","work":"Politics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/politics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust:lesson:1","title":"Defining a direct tax","text":"The Constitution never defines direct taxes. Fuller reasons from the purpose of apportionment and from the economic nature of income from property; the dissenters rely on a century of practice and precedent limiting the term to head and land taxes. The case shows how a single undefined word can carry great consequences.","work":"Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust:lesson:2","title":"A compromise built into the Constitution","text":"Fuller treats apportionment as one of the bargains of 1787, like equal representation of the states in the Senate. Even if it produced inequality, he argues, it was an inequality the states had agreed to, and the Court must enforce it.","work":"Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust:lesson:3","title":"When part of a law falls","text":"After deciding that the tax on property income was invalid, the Court had to decide whether the rest of the income tax could stand. Fuller concluded that Congress would not have enacted it alone; Harlan replied that the Court should not take from the government the entire revenue because one part failed.","work":"Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust:lesson:4","title":"Amendment as the remedy","text":"Fuller wrote that if the Constitution should permit an unapportioned income tax, the instrument defines the way for its amendment. Eighteen years later the people took that path in the Sixteenth Amendment, an example of the constitutional system responding to a judicial decision through its own procedures.","work":"Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/pollock-v-farmers-loan-and-trust/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pollyanna:lesson:1","title":"Looking for the good on purpose","text":"Pollyanna's game is not pretending that bad things are good; it is a habit of searching each hard thing for a real reason to be thankful. It began with a disappointed little girl and a pair of unwanted crutches, and it works because she practises it. The book shows gladness as something learned and chosen.","work":"Pollyanna","author":"Eleanor H. Porter","url":"/works/pollyanna/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pollyanna:lesson:2","title":"Duty and love","text":"Miss Polly does everything that duty asks: she gives Pollyanna a room, food, lessons and rules. What she does not give at first is affection. As Pollyanna's love wins her over, the attic room becomes a real bedroom, and duty becomes love.","work":"Pollyanna","author":"Eleanor H. Porter","url":"/works/pollyanna/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pollyanna:lesson:3","title":"A house is not a home","text":"John Pendleton says that it takes a woman's hand and heart, or a child's presence, to make a home. Pendleton, Dr. Chilton and Jimmy Bean all lack a home, and the story ends by giving each of them one. Pollyanna keeps her promise to her aunt and finds a home for Jimmy instead.","work":"Pollyanna","author":"Eleanor H. Porter","url":"/works/pollyanna/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pollyanna:lesson:4","title":"When the cheerful one needs help","text":"After her accident Pollyanna cannot play her own game. Then the people she helped come to help her, and Jimmy has the courage to tell Miss Polly a hard truth. Gladness, the book shows, is passed back and forth among friends.","work":"Pollyanna","author":"Eleanor H. Porter","url":"/works/pollyanna/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"polybius-histories-book-vi:lesson:1","title":"Every simple government carries the seed of its own corruption","text":"Polybius argues that kingship slides into tyranny, aristocracy into oligarchy and democracy into mob-rule, and that the decay comes from within, as rust comes to iron. The change is driven by the second and third generations, who inherit power or freedom without having suffered for it.","work":"The Histories, Book VI","author":"Polybius","url":"/works/polybius-histories-book-vi/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"polybius-histories-book-vi:lesson:2","title":"Mixed powers check one another","text":"The remedy for the cycle is a constitution in which royal, aristocratic and popular elements share power so that none can dominate. Polybius's description of how consuls, Senate and people depend on one another is one of the earliest detailed accounts of checks and balances.","work":"The Histories, Book VI","author":"Polybius","url":"/works/polybius-histories-book-vi/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"polybius-histories-book-vi:lesson:3","title":"Honour and shame as public institutions","text":"Polybius notices that Rome trains courage through visible honours: the funeral speech, the ancestral masks, crowns for scaling walls and saving citizens, and spoils hung in the house. Punishments for cowardice are equally public. A people's customs, not only its laws, form its citizens.","work":"The Histories, Book VI","author":"Polybius","url":"/works/polybius-histories-book-vi/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"polybius-histories-book-vi:lesson:4","title":"Faith kept in small things","text":"Polybius contrasts Greek officials who cannot be trusted with a single talent despite clerks and seals with Roman magistrates who handle large sums and keep their oath. He attributes the difference to religious awe and to the shame attached to bribery. The Senate's treatment of the envoy who tried to slip out of his oath shows the same strictness.","work":"The Histories, Book VI","author":"Polybius","url":"/works/polybius-histories-book-vi/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"popol-vuh:lesson:1","title":"Creation and remembrance","text":"In the Popol Vuh the gods make one people after another, seeking beings who will remember and honour their makers. The wooden people are destroyed because they do not think on Hurakan; the maize people, by contrast, pray for the dawn and greet the sun with song.","work":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","author":"Anonymous (K'iche' Maya); Lewis Spence","url":"/works/popol-vuh/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"popol-vuh:lesson:2","title":"Pride brought low","text":"Vukub-Cakix believes his jewelled eyes and teeth make the sun and moon unnecessary, and his sons boast of making and unmaking mountains. The twins humble all three, and in Spence's account the false sun loses his glittering teeth and is given maize in their place.","work":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","author":"Anonymous (K'iche' Maya); Lewis Spence","url":"/works/popol-vuh/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"popol-vuh:lesson:3","title":"Cunning against death","text":"The Hero Twins succeed where their father and uncle failed, not through strength but through foresight: they send Xan to learn the lords' names, refuse the red-hot seat, and finally turn their own deaths into the trap that defeats Xibalba. The story presents wit, courage and fidelity to the dead as the means of overcoming the powers below.","work":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","author":"Anonymous (K'iche' Maya); Lewis Spence","url":"/works/popol-vuh/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"popol-vuh:lesson:4","title":"Reading a sacred book through a translator","text":"Spence's book is a summary of a summary: he retells a French translation of a K'iche' text copied by a Spanish friar. Students can learn from it how sacred traditions pass through many hands and why scholars return to the original language.","work":"The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)","author":"Anonymous (K'iche' Maya); Lewis Spence","url":"/works/popol-vuh/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"popper-the-logic-of-scientific-discovery:lesson:1","title":"A theory must be able to fail","text":"Popper argues that a scientific theory says something about the world only if it forbids something, so that some observation could prove it wrong. A theory compatible with every possible event explains nothing. The willingness to be refuted is the mark of empirical science.","work":"The Logic of Scientific Discovery","author":"Karl Popper","url":"/works/popper-the-logic-of-scientific-discovery/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"popper-the-logic-of-scientific-discovery:lesson:2","title":"Do not rescue a theory by special pleading","text":"Any theory can be saved from refutation by adding assumptions invented only for that purpose or by changing the meaning of its terms. Popper calls these conventionalist stratagems and proposes rules against them, because a theory protected in this way no longer tells us anything about the world.","work":"The Logic of Scientific Discovery","author":"Karl Popper","url":"/works/popper-the-logic-of-scientific-discovery/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"popper-the-logic-of-scientific-discovery:lesson:3","title":"Knowledge without bedrock","text":"Even observation reports are accepted by decision and could be tested further. Popper concludes that science stands on piles driven into a swamp: firm enough to carry the structure for now, but not resting on any final foundation. Knowledge is conjectural, though it can still grow.","work":"The Logic of Scientific Discovery","author":"Karl Popper","url":"/works/popper-the-logic-of-scientific-discovery/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"popper-the-logic-of-scientific-discovery:lesson:4","title":"Prefer bold theories","text":"Popper argues that theories which say more, and therefore risk more, are the better candidates for science. A highly improbable theory with great content that survives severe tests is worth more than a safe theory that says little.","work":"The Logic of Scientific Discovery","author":"Karl Popper","url":"/works/popper-the-logic-of-scientific-discovery/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"popper-the-open-society-and-its-enemies:lesson:1","title":"Ask how to limit the damage rulers can do","text":"Popper argues that political philosophy went wrong by asking who should rule, since every answer assumes the rulers will be good. He proposes instead designing institutions so that bad or incompetent rulers can be removed peacefully and prevented from doing too much harm.","work":"The Open Society and Its Enemies","author":"Karl Popper","url":"/works/popper-the-open-society-and-its-enemies/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"popper-the-open-society-and-its-enemies:lesson:2","title":"Piecemeal reform rather than blueprints","text":"In Chapter 9 Popper distinguishes utopian engineering, which tries to remake society as a whole according to an ideal, from piecemeal engineering, which attacks the most urgent evils one at a time. Because we cannot foresee all consequences, he argues, reform should proceed by small steps that allow us to learn from mistakes.","work":"The Open Society and Its Enemies","author":"Karl Popper","url":"/works/popper-the-open-society-and-its-enemies/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"popper-the-open-society-and-its-enemies:lesson:3","title":"The limits of tolerance","text":"Popper's note on the paradox of tolerance argues that a society which tolerates without limit those who would destroy tolerance by force may lose tolerance altogether. He holds that intolerant views should be countered by rational argument as long as possible, while reserving the right to resist those who refuse argument and answer it with violence.","work":"The Open Society and Its Enemies","author":"Karl Popper","url":"/works/popper-the-open-society-and-its-enemies/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"popper-the-open-society-and-its-enemies:lesson:4","title":"History has no meaning of its own, but we may give it one","text":"Popper rejects the idea that history moves by laws toward a predetermined goal and that we must simply cooperate with it. He argues that people are responsible for the aims they choose, and that history gains meaning from the purposes they pursue.","work":"The Open Society and Its Enemies","author":"Karl Popper","url":"/works/popper-the-open-society-and-its-enemies/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"practice-of-the-presence-of-god:lesson:1","title":"Holiness in ordinary work","text":"Lawrence spent fifteen years in a kitchen he naturally disliked and found it easy once he did everything for the love of God. He insists that sanctification does not depend on changing our work but on doing for God what we usually do for ourselves. A pot, a straw picked up, or a wine-buying trip can become prayer.","work":"The Practice of the Presence of God","author":"Brother Lawrence","url":"/works/practice-of-the-presence-of-god/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"practice-of-the-presence-of-god:lesson:2","title":"Prayer as conversation, not only set times","text":"Lawrence says set times of prayer should not differ from other times, because he talks with God all day in simple words. He recommends a little lifting up of the heart, even on a march with a sword in hand, and an oratory made in the heart. Prayer becomes a habit of friendship rather than a special performance.","work":"The Practice of the Presence of God","author":"Brother Lawrence","url":"/works/practice-of-the-presence-of-god/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"practice-of-the-presence-of-god:lesson:3","title":"Patience with a wandering mind","text":"In the Eighth Letter Lawrence admits the mind is extremely roving and says that worrying about distractions only distracts us further. The will must bring the mind back calmly, and the best help is to keep the mind near God at other times too. He treats failure as an ordinary step, not a disaster.","work":"The Practice of the Presence of God","author":"Brother Lawrence","url":"/works/practice-of-the-presence-of-god/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"practice-of-the-presence-of-god:lesson:4","title":"Trust in suffering","text":"Writing to a sick friend near the end of his life, Lawrence prays not for her relief but for strength to bear her pains. He believes God is sometimes nearer in sickness than in health and calls him the physician of soul and body. He speaks from his own experience of being near death and finding peace.","work":"The Practice of the Presence of God","author":"Brother Lawrence","url":"/works/practice-of-the-presence-of-god/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pride-and-prejudice:lesson:1","title":"Pride and Prejudice: formed attention","text":"Pride and Prejudice teaches students to slow down before judgment. eleventh-grade readers can practice moral reading by watching wit, attraction, snobbery, money, and family duty collide in ordinary conversation","work":"Pride and Prejudice","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/pride-and-prejudice/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pride-and-prejudice:lesson:2","title":"Pride and Prejudice: order and disorder","text":"Pride and Prejudice makes order visible by showing what damages it. the novel turns on successive acts of interpretation: first impressions, letters, overheard stories, social visits, and the painful revision of judgment","work":"Pride and Prejudice","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/pride-and-prejudice/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"pride-and-prejudice:lesson:3","title":"Pride and Prejudice: body and soul","text":"Pride and Prejudice gives the medical lens a human scale. its medical angle is modest but present in nerves, hypochondriacal comedy, domestic stress, and the social management of women's bodies and futures","work":"Pride and Prejudice","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/pride-and-prejudice/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"prince-caspian:lesson:1","title":"Following when others will not","text":"Lucy sees Aslan in the gorge, but the others outvote her and she gives in, and the party loses a day and is nearly killed. That night Aslan tells her that what might have happened is never told, but she must follow him now, whether the others come or not. Faithfulness sometimes means going first and alone.","work":"Prince Caspian","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/prince-caspian/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"prince-caspian:lesson:2","title":"Knowing what is true and pretending not to","text":"Susan later admits that she knew in her heart it was Aslan, but she did not want to believe it. Lewis shows that doubt is sometimes not a lack of evidence but an unwillingness to follow where the evidence leads.","work":"Prince Caspian","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/prince-caspian/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"prince-caspian:lesson:3","title":"Remembering the old stories","text":"Under the Telmarines, Old Narnia is called a fairy tale and children are punished for speaking of it. Caspian's nurse and Doctor Cornelius keep the true history alive, and Trufflehunter holds that the beasts do not forget. A people's memory of the truth can survive long years of being told it was never real.","work":"Prince Caspian","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/prince-caspian/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"prince-caspian:lesson:4","title":"Humble kingship","text":"When Aslan asks Caspian whether he feels himself fit to be king, Caspian says he is only a boy, and Aslan tells him that this is exactly why he is fit. Caspian is also reminded that he comes from Adam and Eve, which is both a dignity and a humbling. Lewis's picture of a good ruler begins with humility.","work":"Prince Caspian","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/prince-caspian/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"principia:lesson:1","title":"Principia: formed attention","text":"Principia teaches students to slow down before judgment. tenth-grade students encounter the ambition of mathematical natural philosophy and the discipline required to turn observation into lawlike explanation","work":"Principia","author":"Isaac Newton","url":"/works/principia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"principia:lesson:2","title":"Principia: order and disorder","text":"Principia makes order visible by showing what damages it. the work proceeds from definitions and axioms through propositions about motion, resistance, orbital dynamics, and the system of the world","work":"Principia","author":"Isaac Newton","url":"/works/principia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"principia:lesson:3","title":"Principia: body and soul","text":"Principia gives the medical lens a human scale. the medical lens is indirect: mechanics reshaped physiology, nerves, circulation, and later models of body and mind by making force and motion newly authoritative","work":"Principia","author":"Isaac Newton","url":"/works/principia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war:lesson:1","title":"Truth alone is appropriate to history","text":"Procopius claims the authority of an eyewitness and promises to record failures even of his friends. He models his history on Thucydides and Herodotus, with set speeches, digressions on peoples and places, and careful attention to cause. Readers can test the promise: he records Belisarius's defeat at Callinicum as well as his victory at Daras, and he names the faults of ministers he served beside.","work":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","author":"Procopius of Caesarea","url":"/works/procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war:lesson:2","title":"Courage in a council","text":"During the Nika revolt the emperor's advisers debate whether to flee by ship. Theodora answers that flight would be worse than death and quotes the saying that royalty is a good burial-shroud. Her words steady the court, and the revolt is crushed the same day. Procopius also reports Origenes's advice to the rebels to act slowly, so the reader sees two councils weighing speed and patience at the same hour.","work":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","author":"Procopius of Caesarea","url":"/works/procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war:lesson:3","title":"A careful observer before a plague he cannot explain","text":"Procopius refuses the confident theories of sophists and astrologers and refers the pestilence to God, yet he describes its course with the precision of a clinician: sudden mild fever, swellings in groin and armpit, coma or delirium, black pustules, vomiting of blood, and the deaths of pregnant women. He notes that attendants and physicians were not seen to catch it by contact, and that treatment helped some and harmed others. His humility about causes sits beside close observation of effects.","work":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","author":"Procopius of Caesarea","url":"/works/procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war:lesson:4","title":"Factions, fear and the common good","text":"Procopius calls the hatred between Blues and Greens a disease of the soul that breaks even ties of family and friendship. In the plague, he reports, former partisans laid aside their enmity and buried strangers with their own hands, though he doubts the change lasted. The two scenes ask what draws citizens together and what makes the bond hold.","work":"History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)","author":"Procopius of Caesarea","url":"/works/procopius-history-of-the-wars-persian-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"procopius-secret-history:lesson:1","title":"One historian, three portraits","text":"Procopius praised Justinian in the Buildings, judged him with restraint in the Wars, and attacked him in the Secret History. Reading the three together shows that a historian's genre, audience and fear shape what he says, and that no single book can be taken as the whole of his view.","work":"The Secret History","author":"Procopius of Caesarea","url":"/works/procopius-secret-history/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"procopius-secret-history:lesson:2","title":"Invective is evidence of a kind","text":"Ancient invective followed rhetorical conventions: attacks on low birth, sexual conduct, greed and cruelty were standard weapons. The Secret History can tell historians about real policies and about how a section of the governing class felt, but its personal charges must be tested against other sources.","work":"The Secret History","author":"Procopius of Caesarea","url":"/works/procopius-secret-history/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"procopius-secret-history:lesson:3","title":"The cost of grand ambition","text":"Justinian's reconquest of Africa and Italy, his law code and his buildings, including Hagia Sophia, required enormous revenue. Procopius gives the taxpayers' and officials' side of that story, recording the strain of taxes, confiscations and war on the provinces.","work":"The Secret History","author":"Procopius of Caesarea","url":"/works/procopius-secret-history/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"prose-edda:lesson:1","title":"A Christian scholar keeps the pagan stories","text":"Snorri was a Christian writing two centuries after Iceland's conversion, and his Prologue explains the old gods as famous men of Troy whom later people honoured. That framing let him preserve the myths for poets without asking readers to worship Odin. The book shows how a believing culture can study and save the stories of its ancestors.","work":"The Prose Edda","author":"Snorri Sturluson","url":"/works/prose-edda/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"prose-edda:lesson:2","title":"Baldr and the overlooked mistletoe","text":"Frigg gathers oaths from fire, water, iron, stones, trees, beasts and sicknesses, yet passes over one young sprout as too small to matter. Loki finds the gap, and blind Hodr becomes the instrument of the greatest grief among gods and men. The tale makes vivid how a single neglected thing can undo the most careful protection, and how evil works through others' hands.","work":"The Prose Edda","author":"Snorri Sturluson","url":"/works/prose-edda/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"prose-edda:lesson:3","title":"Thor at Utgarda-Loki's hall","text":"Thor fails to drain a horn, lift a cat or throw an old woman, only to learn that the horn reached the sea, the cat was the Midgard Serpent and the woman was Old Age. The story teaches that appearances can be measured wrongly, and that even the strongest must lose some contests. Utgarda-Loki admits that Thor's apparent failures had terrified him.","work":"The Prose Edda","author":"Snorri Sturluson","url":"/works/prose-edda/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"prose-edda:lesson:4","title":"Tyr's pledge to the Wolf","text":"The gods can bind the Fenris-Wolf only if someone lays a hand in its mouth as surety that the fetter is harmless. Tyr alone dares, and he loses his hand when the gods do not release the beast. The story honours courage that pays a real cost for the common good, and it also asks what a pledge given in bad faith is worth.","work":"The Prose Edda","author":"Snorri Sturluson","url":"/works/prose-edda/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"prose-edda:lesson:5","title":"Where poetry comes from","text":"Bragi's account of Kvasir's blood, the dwarves' kettle and Odin's theft of the mead treats poetry as a costly, almost holy gift that passes through crime, bargaining and cunning. Skáldskaparmál then shows the craft in detail: each kenning hides a story, so that to name gold as Sif's hair or poetry as Odin's mead is to remember a myth.","work":"The Prose Edda","author":"Snorri Sturluson","url":"/works/prose-edda/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"proust-swanns-way:lesson:1","title":"Memory that the will cannot command","text":"The narrator says that the efforts of the intellect to recapture the past are vain; only a chance sensation, the taste of the madeleine in tea, gives back Combray. Proust distinguishes this involuntary memory from the dry, voluntary kind and builds a whole novel on it.","work":"Swann's Way","author":"Marcel Proust","url":"/works/proust-swanns-way/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"proust-swanns-way:lesson:2","title":"Love made from art and imagination","text":"Swann does not find Odette beautiful at first. He comes to love her through the little phrase of Vinteuil's sonata and through her likeness to Botticelli's Zipporah, and his love grows strongest when she withdraws. Proust shows how much of love can be the lover's own creation.","work":"Swann's Way","author":"Marcel Proust","url":"/works/proust-swanns-way/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"proust-swanns-way:lesson:3","title":"Jealousy as a sickness","text":"In Swann in Love jealousy is described with the vocabulary of disease: a malady that becomes part of the patient, a case past operation. Swann's intelligence, which makes him a fine judge of art, serves only to multiply his suspicions.","work":"Swann's Way","author":"Marcel Proust","url":"/works/proust-swanns-way/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"proust-swanns-way:lesson:4","title":"The social comedy of Combray and Paris","text":"From Legrandin's snobbery to Madame Verdurin's clan, Proust watches how people rank one another and how a man like Swann, received by princes, is misjudged by the narrator's own family. Social life is drawn with the patience of a naturalist and a humour often overlooked.","work":"Swann's Way","author":"Marcel Proust","url":"/works/proust-swanns-way/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"psalm-23:lesson:1","title":"Trust stated, not requested","text":"Psalm 23 contains no petition at all. The speaker simply names the LORD as shepherd and draws the conclusion that he shall not want. The psalm teaches that confidence in God can be voiced as a confession of fact before any need is met.","work":"Psalm 23","author":"Attributed to David","url":"/works/psalm-23/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"psalm-23:lesson:2","title":"Company in the valley","text":"The psalm does not promise that the speaker will avoid the valley of the shadow of death. It promises presence inside it, and the grammar marks the point: in verse 4 he stops speaking about God and speaks to him. Comfort here comes from a person, not from the removal of danger.","work":"Psalm 23","author":"Attributed to David","url":"/works/psalm-23/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"psalm-23:lesson:3","title":"From flock to guest","text":"Verse 5 turns the sheep into a guest at a feast, with oil on the head and an overflowing cup. The enemies are not destroyed; they watch. The psalm teaches that God's favor can be enjoyed in the presence of opposition rather than only after it has ended.","work":"Psalm 23","author":"Attributed to David","url":"/works/psalm-23/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"psellos-chronographia:lesson:1","title":"Character shapes the fortunes of a state","text":"Psellos explains events chiefly through the personalities of rulers: Basil's discipline, Constantine VIII's indulgence, Monomachos's generosity, Isaac's severity. His portraits invite students to ask how far a single person's virtues and faults decide a nation's course.","work":"Chronographia","author":"Michael Psellos","url":"/works/psellos-chronographia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"psellos-chronographia:lesson:2","title":"The witness who is also a player","text":"Psellos was present at many of the events he records and often describes his own advice and influence. This makes his account vivid and also asks readers to weigh how a participant's loyalties and memory shape his story, especially in the later part written under his patrons.","work":"Chronographia","author":"Michael Psellos","url":"/works/psellos-chronographia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"psellos-chronographia:lesson:3","title":"The people and the purple","text":"The rising of 1042 shows the people of Constantinople defending the legitimate heirs of the Macedonian dynasty against an emperor who had exiled them. Psellos shows that even an autocrat depended on the loyalty of the city.","work":"Chronographia","author":"Michael Psellos","url":"/works/psellos-chronographia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"psychopathia-sexualis:lesson:1","title":"Psychopathia Sexualis teaches historical caution","text":"Psychopathia Sexualis rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"Psychopathia Sexualis","author":"Richard von Krafft-Ebing","url":"/works/psychopathia-sexualis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"psychopathia-sexualis:lesson:2","title":"Psychopathia Sexualis links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"Psychopathia Sexualis","author":"Richard von Krafft-Ebing","url":"/works/psychopathia-sexualis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"psychopathia-sexualis:lesson:3","title":"Psychopathia Sexualis complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"Psychopathia Sexualis","author":"Richard von Krafft-Ebing","url":"/works/psychopathia-sexualis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"psychopathia-sexualis:lesson:4","title":"Psychopathia Sexualis warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"Psychopathia Sexualis","author":"Richard von Krafft-Ebing","url":"/works/psychopathia-sexualis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ptolemy-almagest:lesson:1","title":"Saving the appearances","text":"Ptolemy's aim is to find combinations of uniform circular motions that reproduce what is actually seen in the sky. He shows that different geometric models, such as an eccentric and an epicycle, can give the same appearance, so the choice between them is guided by simplicity and fit. The Almagest is a lesson in what a mathematical model can and cannot claim.","work":"Almagest","author":"Claudius Ptolemy","url":"/works/ptolemy-almagest/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ptolemy-almagest:lesson:2","title":"Reasons for a central, motionless Earth","text":"Ptolemy argues in Book I that a rotating Earth would leave clouds and thrown objects behind, and that heavy bodies everywhere fall toward the centre. These were serious arguments from the physics of his day, answered only when a new account of motion was developed in the seventeenth century.","work":"Almagest","author":"Claudius Ptolemy","url":"/works/ptolemy-almagest/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ptolemy-almagest:lesson:3","title":"Astronomy as a path to the divine","text":"In his preface Ptolemy says that the study of the unchanging heavenly motions makes its followers love their divine beauty and grow in nobility of character. For him precise calculation and contemplation belong together.","work":"Almagest","author":"Claudius Ptolemy","url":"/works/ptolemy-almagest/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ptolemy-almagest:lesson:4","title":"Building on the records of others","text":"Ptolemy uses Babylonian eclipse records and Hipparchus's observations stretching back centuries, and dates every result. The work shows astronomy as a long collaboration across cultures and generations.","work":"Almagest","author":"Claudius Ptolemy","url":"/works/ptolemy-almagest/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel:lesson:1","title":"Two schools for one giant","text":"Book I sets the rote learning of Tubal Holofernes beside the full day Ponocrates plans, in which Gargantua reads Scripture at waking, studies the stars, handles plants, practises arms and talks over his lessons at meals. Rabelais makes education a matter of forming the whole person, body, mind and devotion, rather than piling up glosses.","work":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","author":"François Rabelais","url":"/works/rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel:lesson:2","title":"A war over cakes","text":"The Picrocholine war begins with a scuffle about cakes and grows because Picrochole's flatterers sketch a conquest stretching to Mesopotamia. Grangousier offers restitution, argues that conquest is contrary to the gospel, and fights only when he must; Gargantua's speech to the vanquished prefers clemency to revenge.","work":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","author":"François Rabelais","url":"/works/rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel:lesson:3","title":"Theleme and free will","text":"The Abbey of Theleme reverses ordinary monastic rule: no walls, no clocks, men and women together, and the single clause Do What Thou Wilt. Rabelais justifies it by a claim that the well-born and well-taught are moved to virtue by an inner spur called honour. Readers have long debated whether Theleme is an ideal, a joke, or both.","work":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","author":"François Rabelais","url":"/works/rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel:lesson:4","title":"Seeking counsel without hearing it","text":"In Book III Panurge asks almost every kind of authority whether he should marry, and twists every answer to suit his fears or wishes. Pantagruel reads the same answers plainly. The episode is a long comic study of self-deception and of how hard it is to receive advice.","work":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","author":"François Rabelais","url":"/works/rabelais-gargantua-and-pantagruel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ramayana:lesson:1","title":"A promise kept at great cost","text":"Rama gives up a kingdom on the morning of his consecration because his father's word, rashly given to Kaikeyi, must not be broken. When Bharat begs him to return, Rama answers that the moon and the ocean may change before he does. The epic treats faithfulness to one's given word as a pillar of the ordered world.","work":"The Ramayana","author":"Valmiki","url":"/works/ramayana/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ramayana:lesson:2","title":"Faithfulness in marriage and family","text":"Sita argues her way into exile, claiming that a wife's place is beside her husband, and as Ravan's captive she rejects wealth and threats alike. Lakshman and Bharat show the same loyalty as brothers. The poem holds up these bonds as the true wealth of a royal house.","work":"The Ramayana","author":"Valmiki","url":"/works/ramayana/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ramayana:lesson:3","title":"Help from unexpected allies","text":"Rama recovers Sita with the aid of a vulture, a race of forest Vanars and a defector from Ravan's own family. His vow to protect any suppliant, even one who might be Ravan himself, turns Vibhishan from an enemy's brother into a loyal friend.","work":"The Ramayana","author":"Valmiki","url":"/works/ramayana/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ramayana:lesson:4","title":"Grief and the birth of poetry","text":"The poem places its own origin in compassion: Valmiki, grieving for a curlew shot by a fowler, speaks in measured lines and finds he has made the sloka. Sorrow runs through the epic, from Dasaratha's death to Rama's laments for Sita, and the frame suggests that great poetry grows from pity.","work":"The Ramayana","author":"Valmiki","url":"/works/ramayana/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rawls-a-theory-of-justice:lesson:1","title":"The veil of ignorance","text":"Rawls asks what principles we would choose for society if we did not know what position we would occupy in it. The thought experiment is meant to model impartiality: no one can favour his own class, talents or beliefs. Students can use it as a tool for testing rules of any group, while also asking whether it leaves out things that matter to justice.","work":"A Theory of Justice","author":"John Rawls","url":"/works/rawls-a-theory-of-justice/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rawls-a-theory-of-justice:lesson:2","title":"Liberty first","text":"Rawls's first principle, equal basic liberties for all, has priority over the second: freedom of conscience, speech and political participation may not be sacrificed for greater economic welfare. This 'priority of liberty' distinguishes his theory from views that would balance liberty against other goods.","work":"A Theory of Justice","author":"John Rawls","url":"/works/rawls-a-theory-of-justice/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rawls-a-theory-of-justice:lesson:3","title":"The difference principle and its critics","text":"Rawls holds that inequalities in wealth and income are just only if they work to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged and offices are open to all under fair equality of opportunity. Robert Nozick replied that justice concerns how holdings were acquired and transferred, not their overall pattern; others questioned whether rational parties would really choose so cautiously. The debate remains one of the central ones in political philosophy.","work":"A Theory of Justice","author":"John Rawls","url":"/works/rawls-a-theory-of-justice/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rawls-a-theory-of-justice:lesson:4","title":"Civil disobedience in a nearly just society","text":"Rawls defines civil disobedience as a public, nonviolent, conscientious act contrary to law, done to bring about a change in law or policy, addressed to the majority's sense of justice and accepting the legal penalty. He limits its justification to serious violations of basic liberty or fair opportunity, when normal appeals have failed.","work":"A Theory of Justice","author":"John Rawls","url":"/works/rawls-a-theory-of-justice/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france:lesson:1","title":"Liberty received as a family inheritance","text":"Burke argues that the English never claimed their freedom as an abstract right but as an inheritance passed down from Magna Carta to the Declaration of Right. Treating liberty like an estate held in trust makes each generation a steward rather than an owner, bound to receive and to hand on.","work":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","author":"Edmund Burke","url":"/works/reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france:lesson:2","title":"The real rights of men in society","text":"Burke does not deny that men have rights; he denies that abstract rights can be applied to government without prudence. The rights that matter are the advantages civil society actually secures: justice, the fruits of labour, protection, instruction and consolation. Government is judged by how it supplies human wants, not by the purity of its theory.","work":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","author":"Edmund Burke","url":"/works/reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france:lesson:3","title":"Affection begins in the little platoon","text":"Public spirit, Burke says, grows outward from love of the small groups to which we belong, the family, the neighbourhood, the order or profession, toward love of country and of mankind. A politics that dissolves these attachments in the name of the nation weakens the very affections it needs.","work":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","author":"Edmund Burke","url":"/works/reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france:lesson:4","title":"Manners as the drapery of life","text":"In the lament for Marie Antoinette, Burke argues that chivalry, reverence and courtesy are not ornaments but supports of civilized life: they make power gentle and obedience free. Strip them away and only calculation and force remain.","work":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","author":"Edmund Burke","url":"/works/reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france:lesson:5","title":"Reform in order to conserve","text":"Burke is not against all change. He insists that a state without the means of change cannot preserve itself, and he praises the English for correcting their constitution in 1688 while keeping its principles. Prudent reform repairs the building; revolution pulls it down to build from a plan.","work":"Reflections on the Revolution in France","author":"Edmund Burke","url":"/works/reflections-on-the-revolution-in-france/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"regensburg-lecture:lesson:1","title":"Regensburg Lecture: formed attention","text":"Regensburg Lecture teaches students to slow down before judgment. tenth-grade students can ask how theology belongs in a curriculum that also studies mathematics, science, philosophy, and history","work":"Regensburg Lecture","author":"Benedict XVI","url":"/works/regensburg-lecture/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"regensburg-lecture:lesson:2","title":"Regensburg Lecture: order and disorder","text":"Regensburg Lecture makes order visible by showing what damages it. Benedict moves from a Byzantine dialogue through Greek philosophy, biblical faith, medieval theology, modern reason, and the university's vocation","work":"Regensburg Lecture","author":"Benedict XVI","url":"/works/regensburg-lecture/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"regensburg-lecture:lesson:3","title":"Regensburg Lecture: body and soul","text":"Regensburg Lecture gives the medical lens a human scale. the medical relevance is indirect: the lecture resists narrowed technical reason and thereby speaks to bioethics, human dignity, and clinical judgment","work":"Regensburg Lecture","author":"Benedict XVI","url":"/works/regensburg-lecture/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rerum-novarum:lesson:1","title":"Property serves the worker and the family","text":"Leo argues that private ownership is not the possession of the rich alone but the natural goal of the worker's labor and the means by which a father provides for his children. He therefore wants laws that make as many people as possible owners rather than abolishing ownership.","work":"Rerum Novarum","author":"Pope Leo XIII","url":"/works/rerum-novarum/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rerum-novarum:lesson:2","title":"Ownership and right use are different questions","text":"The right to own does not settle how one should use what one owns. Following Aquinas, Leo teaches that goods are held for others too, and that what remains after one's needs and station have been met is owed to the poor by charity, a duty beyond what human law enforces.","work":"Rerum Novarum","author":"Pope Leo XIII","url":"/works/rerum-novarum/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rerum-novarum:lesson:3","title":"A wage is more than a bargain","text":"Leo grants that wages are agreed freely, but holds that a deeper law of natural justice requires a wage sufficient to support a frugal and well-behaved worker. A man who accepts less because he has no alternative is a victim of force, not a free party to a fair contract.","work":"Rerum Novarum","author":"Pope Leo XIII","url":"/works/rerum-novarum/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rerum-novarum:lesson:4","title":"Concord between classes, not war","text":"Leo rejects the idea that rich and poor are natural enemies. Like the members of one body, capital and labor need each other, and religion gives each a set of duties toward the other. The State, the Church and voluntary associations all have parts to play.","work":"Rerum Novarum","author":"Pope Leo XIII","url":"/works/rerum-novarum/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"reves-v-ernst-and-young:lesson:1","title":"Economic reality and the meaning of security","text":"Marshall wrote that Congress meant to regulate investments in whatever form they are made and by whatever name they are called. The Court looks past labels to what an instrument does: here, notes sold widely to raise capital and paying interest to draw investors functioned as investments.","work":"Reves v. Ernst & Young","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reves-v-ernst-and-young/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"reves-v-ernst-and-young:lesson:2","title":"Presumptions and families","text":"The family resemblance test begins by presuming that a note is a security and then asks whether it closely resembles a familiar type of non-investment note, such as a home mortgage or a consumer loan. The four factors give courts a structured way to decide close cases.","work":"Reves v. Ernst & Young","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reves-v-ernst-and-young/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"reves-v-ernst-and-young:lesson:3","title":"Plain words and settled meanings","text":"The justices divided over the nine-month exclusion. Rehnquist read maturity by its long-established legal meaning for demand paper; Marshall found the word ambiguous as applied and turned to purpose; Stevens relied on decades of consistent lower-court and SEC interpretation.","work":"Reves v. Ernst & Young","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reves-v-ernst-and-young/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"reves-v-ernst-and-young:lesson:4","title":"Protection for ordinary investors","text":"The noteholders were members of a farm cooperative and members of the public, not professional traders. The Court's analysis of the plan of distribution and public expectations reflects the securities laws' concern with offerings made to people who rely on the issuer's representations.","work":"Reves v. Ernst & Young","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reves-v-ernst-and-young/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"reynolds-v-united-states:lesson:1","title":"Belief and conduct","text":"Waite's central distinction is that government may not touch belief or opinion but may regulate actions. The line gives religious liberty a firm core while preserving the authority of general laws, and it has framed every later debate over religious exemptions.","work":"Reynolds v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reynolds-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"reynolds-v-united-states:lesson:2","title":"History as a dictionary","text":"Finding no definition of religion in the Constitution, Waite turned to the Virginia controversy of the 1780s and to the words of Madison and Jefferson. The opinion is an early and influential example of the Court using founding-era history to give content to the religion clauses.","work":"Reynolds v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reynolds-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"reynolds-v-united-states:lesson:3","title":"A law unto himself","text":"The Court reasoned that if religious belief could excuse a violation of law, every citizen could become a law unto himself and government would exist only in name. Reynolds's counsel answered that a guarantee of free exercise means little if it protects only what the law already permits.","work":"Reynolds v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reynolds-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"reynolds-v-united-states:lesson:4","title":"No profit from one's own wrong","text":"Less famous than the religious holding, the ruling on Schofield's testimony established that a defendant who wrongfully keeps a witness away forfeits his right to confront that witness in person. The principle is still applied in criminal courts.","work":"Reynolds v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/reynolds-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"richard-iii:lesson:1","title":"The seduction of the audience","text":"Richard speaks directly to us from the first line, sharing his plots and jokes, and his wit draws spectators into enjoying what follows. The play teaches how charm and confidence can win assent to evil, and how the audience must learn to see through the man it enjoys.","work":"Richard III","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/richard-iii/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"richard-iii:lesson:2","title":"Religion as a mask","text":"Richard boasts that he clothes his villainy in scraps of Holy Writ and appears to the citizens with a prayer book between two bishops. The play shows the special wickedness of using piety as a tool of ambition.","work":"Richard III","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/richard-iii/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"richard-iii:lesson:3","title":"Sin that pulls on sin","text":"Each crime makes the next one necessary: Clarence's death leads to the princes', the princes' to Anne's, Anne's to the plan to marry Elizabeth. Richard admits he is so far in blood that sin will pluck on sin. The play traces the logic of a soul trapped by its own choices.","work":"Richard III","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/richard-iii/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"richard-iii:lesson:4","title":"Conscience and judgment","text":"Clarence's murderers argue with their consciences, Clarence dreams of judgment, and Richard himself wakes before Bosworth to a conscience with a thousand tongues. Margaret's curses come true, and the ghosts bless Richmond. The play presents history as answerable to a moral order.","work":"Richard III","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/richard-iii/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"robinson-crusoe:lesson:1","title":"Counsel refused","text":"Crusoe’s first fault is restless contempt for wise limits.","work":"Robinson Crusoe","author":"Daniel Defoe","url":"/works/robinson-crusoe/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"robinson-crusoe:lesson:2","title":"Work as repentance","text":"Island labor becomes thanksgiving and ordered stewardship.","work":"Robinson Crusoe","author":"Daniel Defoe","url":"/works/robinson-crusoe/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"robinson-crusoe:lesson:3","title":"Mastery and neighbor","text":"Friday’s coming tests justice, teaching, and friendship in power.","work":"Robinson Crusoe","author":"Daniel Defoe","url":"/works/robinson-crusoe/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"robinson-v-california:lesson:1","title":"Acts and conditions","text":"The heart of the case is a distinction between what a person does and what a person is. Criminal law traditionally punishes acts; the California statute, as construed, punished a continuing condition. Stewart holds that the Constitution forbids the second, while Clark and White deny that the record really presented a pure status.","work":"Robinson v. California","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/robinson-v-california/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"robinson-v-california:lesson:2","title":"Illness as a legal category","text":"Stewart compares addiction to mental illness, leprosy and the common cold, relying on California's concession that addiction is an illness. Harlan and the dissenters question whether medical knowledge in 1962 settled that point. The case shows how a court's choice of category can decide the outcome.","work":"Robinson v. California","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/robinson-v-california/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"robinson-v-california:lesson:3","title":"Treatment versus punishment","text":"Both the majority and Clark agree that a state may confine addicts for compulsory treatment. They disagree about whether California's ninety-day jail term was treatment or punishment. Students can examine what makes confinement penal or therapeutic: its purpose, its place, or its label.","work":"Robinson v. California","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/robinson-v-california/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"robinson-v-california:lesson:4","title":"The Bill of Rights and the states","text":"Robinson is generally counted as the case that applied the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishments to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. White's dissent questions whether the Framers' words support so novel an application, raising a recurring debate about how courts extend constitutional text to new problems.","work":"Robinson v. California","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/robinson-v-california/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"roe-v-wade:lesson:1","title":"Constitutional measurement amid strong convictions","text":"Blackmun opens by acknowledging that philosophy, religion, experience and family values shape every person's view of the subject, and then states that the Court's task is to decide by constitutional measurement rather than by emotion. Whether any court can fully separate the two is a question both the majority and the dissents keep in view.","work":"Roe v. Wade","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/roe-v-wade/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"roe-v-wade:lesson:2","title":"Finding an unwritten right","text":"The majority admits that the Constitution does not mention privacy, but it draws on a line of decisions that located such a right in several amendments and in the liberty of the Fourteenth Amendment. The dissents reply that this reasoning lacks support in the text and history of the Constitution. The disagreement is over how judges should identify rights the document does not name.","work":"Roe v. Wade","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/roe-v-wade/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"roe-v-wade:lesson:3","title":"Who weighs the competing interests?","text":"Both opinions agree that weighty interests are at stake on more than one side. The majority holds that the Constitution itself sets limits on how a State may strike the balance; White holds that the weighing belongs to the people and their legislatures, and that a court which takes it over exercises power without warrant.","work":"Roe v. Wade","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/roe-v-wade/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"roe-v-wade:lesson:4","title":"Tradition and the reach of a ruling","text":"Rehnquist makes two kinds of argument. One is historical: dozens of state laws restricting abortion stood when the Fourteenth Amendment was ratified. The other is about judicial craft: a court should not formulate a rule broader than the facts of the case before it require.","work":"Roe v. Wade","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/roe-v-wade/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"romeo-and-juliet:lesson:1","title":"Haste and its harvest","text":"Friar Lawrence warns Romeo that those who run fast stumble, yet he himself hurries the wedding and then a desperate plan. Nearly every disaster in the play comes from speed: a love sworn in one night, a duel in a moment, a wedding moved up a day, a letter delayed. Shakespeare compresses the source story's months into days so that haste becomes the tragedy's engine.","work":"Romeo and Juliet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/romeo-and-juliet/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"romeo-and-juliet:lesson:2","title":"Stars or choices?","text":"The Prologue calls the lovers star-crossed, and Romeo defies the stars when he hears Juliet is dead. Yet the plot also turns on human choices: the parents' hatred, Romeo's revenge on Tybalt, Capulet's command, the Friar's scheme. The play holds fate and responsibility in tension rather than settling which is to blame.","work":"Romeo and Juliet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/romeo-and-juliet/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"romeo-and-juliet:lesson:3","title":"Hatred inherited","text":"No one in Verona remembers why the Capulets and Montagues are enemies, yet servants bite their thumbs and kinsmen draw swords. Mercutio, who belongs to neither house, dies cursing both. The play shows how a quarrel passed from parents to children consumes the very children it was meant to defend.","work":"Romeo and Juliet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/romeo-and-juliet/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"romeo-and-juliet:lesson:4","title":"Counsel that fails the young","text":"Juliet turns in turn to her mother, her father, the Nurse and the Friar, and each fails her in a different way. Her line that if all else fail, herself has power to die, follows the Nurse's advice to marry Paris. The play asks what the young need from the adults who guide them.","work":"Romeo and Juliet","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/romeo-and-juliet/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rousseau-discourse-on-inequality:lesson:1","title":"A history told as a thought experiment","text":"Rousseau says plainly that his researches are hypothetical and conditional, not historical truths, and that Scripture describes the first man as never living in a state of nature. Readers should notice what such a conjectural history can show and what it cannot prove.","work":"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseau-discourse-on-inequality/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rousseau-discourse-on-inequality:lesson:2","title":"Pity before reason","text":"Against Hobbes, Rousseau places pity, the repugnance at another's suffering, among the first principles of human nature. He argues that it moderates self-love, preserves the species, and does for natural man what laws and virtue do for citizens.","work":"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseau-discourse-on-inequality/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rousseau-discourse-on-inequality:lesson:3","title":"Perfectibility, blessing and curse","text":"Rousseau names the faculty of self-improvement as the mark of humanity, yet makes it the source of almost every misery. Progress in arts, language and reason is also progress in vanity, dependence and inequality.","work":"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseau-discourse-on-inequality/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rousseau-discourse-on-inequality:lesson:4","title":"Living in the opinion of others","text":"The closing pages trace inequality to the desire for esteem and comparison, which make social man live outside himself. Rousseau's final contrast between the savage and the citizen turns a question of political economy into a question about the soul.","work":"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseau-discourse-on-inequality/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rousseaus-confessions:lesson:1","title":"Childhood as the key to the adult self","text":"Rousseau traces his sexuality, his sense of injustice and his love of reverie to specific childhood episodes. In doing so he invented the developmental account of personality that psychoanalysis and modern memoir both inherit.","work":"Confessions","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseaus-confessions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rousseaus-confessions:lesson:2","title":"Sincerity is not the same as truth","text":"Rousseau promises to tell everything, and does reveal humiliating facts, but his confessions are also defences. The Marion episode and the foundling children show the gap between candid admission and moral accountability.","work":"Confessions","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseaus-confessions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rousseaus-confessions:lesson:3","title":"Reading yourself ill","text":"Rousseau's account of studying anatomy and finding every disease's symptoms in himself is a precise description of health anxiety. He also gives a sharp critique of physicians who call what they cannot explain imaginary, and his sufferings were partly real (urinary retention, tinnitus) and partly amplified by fear.","work":"Confessions","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseaus-confessions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rousseaus-confessions:lesson:4","title":"When grievance becomes a system","text":"The later books turn real quarrels into an all-encompassing conspiracy. They raise hard questions about how persecution, isolation, chronic pain and genius interact, and about the ethics of diagnosing a writer from his own testimony.","work":"Confessions","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/rousseaus-confessions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity:lesson:1","title":"Reading suffering through Scripture","text":"Rowlandson interprets nearly every event through a verse of the Bible she was given in captivity. Deuteronomy 28 leads her to despair and Deuteronomy 30 to hope; Psalm 46 tells her to be still. Her narrative shows a Puritan habit of mind that sought God's purpose in every affliction and took Scripture as a daily companion.","work":"The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson","author":"Mary Rowlandson","url":"/works/rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity:lesson:2","title":"Endurance and the small mercies","text":"Hunger, cold, grief and constant marching fill the removes, yet Rowlandson counts each handful of meal, each kindness, each meeting with her son as a gift. Her closing pages argue that affliction taught her to rely on God and to be quieted under smaller troubles.","work":"The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson","author":"Mary Rowlandson","url":"/works/rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity:lesson:3","title":"Seeing the other side of a war","text":"Rowlandson writes as an English captive in the midst of a war that devastated both peoples. She also records, sometimes against her own expectations, the courtesy of Metacom, the old woman who gave her a mat and a rug, the endurance and skill of her captors, and the losses they mourned. Reading closely shows a war in which both sides suffered and fought for their homes and their way of life.","work":"The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson","author":"Mary Rowlandson","url":"/works/rowlandson-narrative-of-the-captivity/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"runciman-the-fall-of-constantinople-1453:lesson:1","title":"Courage without hope of victory","text":"Runciman presents Constantine XI and the defenders as fighting on although relief never came and the odds were overwhelming. The book asks readers to consider what duty means when defeat seems certain.","work":"The Fall of Constantinople, 1453","author":"Steven Runciman","url":"/works/runciman-the-fall-of-constantinople-1453/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"runciman-the-fall-of-constantinople-1453:lesson:2","title":"Division weakens a people","text":"The quarrel over union with Rome divided the Byzantines, and rivalry between Venice and Genoa and the indifference of Western rulers limited help. Runciman shows how disunity among Christians shaped the city's fate, while also noting that the last liturgy in Hagia Sophia gathered both parties.","work":"The Fall of Constantinople, 1453","author":"Steven Runciman","url":"/works/runciman-the-fall-of-constantinople-1453/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"runciman-the-fall-of-constantinople-1453:lesson:3","title":"A conqueror's skill","text":"Runciman takes Mehmed seriously as a planner, engineer and statesman: the fortress on the Bosphorus, the cannon, the ships carried overland and his rebuilding of the city as an imperial capital. A fair history gives both sides their due.","work":"The Fall of Constantinople, 1453","author":"Steven Runciman","url":"/works/runciman-the-fall-of-constantinople-1453/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic:lesson:1","title":"Religion, virtue and liberty as a chain","text":"Rush's central claim is that a republic cannot survive without virtuous citizens, and that virtue cannot be formed without religion. He therefore places the New Testament at the foundation of schooling and, in his letter to Belknap, the Bible at the centre of the classroom. For Rush, Christian teaching and republican government support each other because the Gospel teaches humility, self-denial and brotherly kindness.","work":"Essays on Education in a Republic","author":"Benjamin Rush","url":"/works/rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic:lesson:2","title":"Education for usefulness","text":"Rush judges every subject by whether it prepares young people to serve their families, their professions and their country. That standard leads him to favour English, modern languages, history, commerce, chemistry and law, and to argue that Latin and Greek should come late and be learned for reading. His view sparked replies in his own day, and the debate he joined continues wherever schools weigh the classics.","work":"Essays on Education in a Republic","author":"Benjamin Rush","url":"/works/rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic:lesson:3","title":"Governing children by reason rather than the rod","text":"In the letter to Clymer, Rush argues that children old enough for school can be moved by moral and rational motives, that beating confuses ignorance with wrongdoing, and that fear weakens both body and mind. He would govern schools by order, shame, confinement and the withholding of treats in dress, food or amusement instead, and he reads the biblical rod as a figure for correction of any kind.","work":"Essays on Education in a Republic","author":"Benjamin Rush","url":"/works/rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic:lesson:4","title":"Educating women for a republic","text":"Rush argues that American women, who marry young, manage property and give children their first instruction, need an education fitted to those responsibilities, including the principles of liberty and government. He presents this as a new kind of schooling, different from the ornamental accomplishments then fashionable in Britain, and he praises the woman of Proverbs 31 as his model.","work":"Essays on Education in a Republic","author":"Benjamin Rush","url":"/works/rush-essays-on-education-in-a-republic/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"russell-problems-of-philosophy:lesson:1","title":"Starting from the ordinary","text":"Russell begins not with a grand theory but with the table in front of him, showing that the most familiar object raises hard questions about what we really perceive. Philosophy, on this view, begins in careful attention to the commonplace.","work":"The Problems of Philosophy","author":"Bertrand Russell","url":"/works/russell-problems-of-philosophy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"russell-problems-of-philosophy:lesson:2","title":"Knowing a thing and knowing about it","text":"Chapter V separates acquaintance, direct awareness, from description, knowledge reached through true statements about something. Most of what we know about people, places and the past is knowledge by description.","work":"The Problems of Philosophy","author":"Bertrand Russell","url":"/works/russell-problems-of-philosophy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"russell-problems-of-philosophy:lesson:3","title":"The problem of induction","text":"Every expectation that the future will resemble the past, from the rising sun to the laws of science, rests on a principle that experience cannot prove. Russell's chicken makes the point memorably, and his answer is that the principle must be accepted on its intrinsic evidence or not at all.","work":"The Problems of Philosophy","author":"Bertrand Russell","url":"/works/russell-problems-of-philosophy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"russell-problems-of-philosophy:lesson:4","title":"Why philosophy matters","text":"In Chapter XV Russell answers the practical man who asks what philosophy is for. Its value, he argues, lies in freeing us from unexamined prejudice and in enlarging the self through contemplation of what is not the self.","work":"The Problems of Philosophy","author":"Bertrand Russell","url":"/works/russell-problems-of-philosophy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ruth:lesson:1","title":"Redemption without condemnation","text":"Gaskell insists that Ruth's 'fall' was the product of innocence, poverty and exploitation, and that she can lead a good life. The novel indicts a society that punishes women and children for men's actions.","work":"Ruth","author":"Elizabeth Gaskell","url":"/works/ruth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ruth:lesson:2","title":"The ethics of the kind lie","text":"The Bensons' decision to pass Ruth off as a widow protects her and her child but troubles Benson's conscience. The book explores whether compassionate deception can be justified.","work":"Ruth","author":"Elizabeth Gaskell","url":"/works/ruth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"ruth:lesson:3","title":"Care as vocation","text":"Ruth's work in the fever hospital turns private shame into public service. Gaskell presents nursing as moral heroism at a time when hospital nursing was still a low-status job.","work":"Ruth","author":"Elizabeth Gaskell","url":"/works/ruth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha:lesson:1","title":"Prosperity can be harder to bear than danger","text":"Sallust's history of Roman morals in Catiline X turns on a paradox: the Romans who had endured toil and peril easily found ease and wealth a burden once Carthage was gone. Love of money came first and love of power after, and with them came deceit, contempt of religion and venality. He presents Catiline not as a monster dropped from the sky but as the product of a city that had changed its loves.","work":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","author":"Sallust (Gaius Sallustius Crispus)","url":"/works/sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha:lesson:2","title":"Two kinds of greatness","text":"After the debate of 5 December Sallust sets Caesar and Cato side by side: Caesar famed for generosity, mercy and energy, Cato for integrity, firmness and austerity. He praises both. Cato wished rather to be good than to seem so, and glory followed him the less he sought it. Readers can weigh the two speeches, Caesar's appeal to precedent and calm judgment and Cato's appeal to the safety of the state, on their own merits.","work":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","author":"Sallust (Gaius Sallustius Crispus)","url":"/works/sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha:lesson:3","title":"Money that buys a state","text":"In the Jugurthine War, Jugurtha's gold opens senators' doors, buys a partition of Numidia and a peace from a consul, and leads him to call Rome a city for sale. Sallust uses the war to show how private bribery becomes public weakness, and how men like Memmius and Metellus, in different ways, refuse it.","work":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","author":"Sallust (Gaius Sallustius Crispus)","url":"/works/sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha:lesson:4","title":"Merit and birth","text":"Marius's speech in Jugurtha LXXXV contrasts nobles who boast of ancestors' portraits with a new man who can show only his own scars and service. Sallust, himself a new man, gives the speech force while also showing Metellus as an honest noble and Sulla as a gifted one. The work asks how a republic should recognize ability.","work":"Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War","author":"Sallust (Gaius Sallustius Crispus)","url":"/works/sallust-catiline-and-jugurtha/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sam-the-minuteman:lesson:1","title":"Courage is not the same as not being afraid","text":"Sam is frightened when the bells ring, frightened on the green at dawn, and frightened when John is hurt. He goes anyway, and keeps going. The book shows young readers that brave people feel fear but do what they ought to do in spite of it.","work":"Sam the Minuteman","author":"Nathaniel Benchley","url":"/works/sam-the-minuteman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sam-the-minuteman:lesson:2","title":"War is real and costly","text":"The story does not make battle into a game. Eight men die on the green and Sam's own friend is shot. Benchley lets children see that the freedom Americans celebrate was won by ordinary farmers who were hurt and killed.","work":"Sam the Minuteman","author":"Nathaniel Benchley","url":"/works/sam-the-minuteman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sam-the-minuteman:lesson:3","title":"Following a father's example","text":"Sam's father does not leave his son behind or send him alone; he takes him and stands beside him. The book shows a boy learning duty by watching and joining his father.","work":"Sam the Minuteman","author":"Nathaniel Benchley","url":"/works/sam-the-minuteman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez:lesson:1","title":"Importance and constitutional right","text":"Every justice agreed that education is vital. The disagreement was whether that importance makes it a fundamental right that triggers strict scrutiny. Powell answered that rights are fundamental only when the Constitution explicitly or implicitly guarantees them, while Marshall argued that interests closely tied to constitutional rights deserve heightened protection.","work":"San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez:lesson:2","title":"Defining a class of the disadvantaged","text":"Powell observed that the plaintiffs had not shown that poor families were concentrated in property-poor districts, and that no child was absolutely denied schooling. This made the claim different from earlier cases about indigent defendants or filing fees. The dissenters responded that the class was defined by district wealth and that relative disadvantage should count.","work":"San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez:lesson:3","title":"Local control and its price","text":"Texas defended its system as preserving local control, which Powell described as the freedom to devote more money to one's children's schools and to shape their programs. White replied that this freedom was real for wealthy districts but nearly empty for districts like Edgewood. The case shows how one value can look different from different places in the same state.","work":"San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez:lesson:4","title":"Which branch should fix school finance?","text":"Powell stressed that judges lack expertise in taxation and educational policy and that reform should come from legislatures; Stewart agreed. Marshall replied that the political process had proved unsuited to remedying the problem. Afterward, reformers turned to state constitutions, and the Texas Supreme Court eventually required change under the state's own charter.","work":"San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/san-antonio-isd-v-rodriguez/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sanshiro:lesson:1","title":"Leaving home is harder than it looks","text":"Sanshirō arrives in Tokyo believing the university will open the world to him, but finds himself bewildered by crowds, streetcars and confident people. His sense of three worlds, home, learning and society, shows a young person trying to belong to all of them and fully belonging to none.","work":"Sanshirō","author":"Natsume Sōseki","url":"/works/sanshiro/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sanshiro:lesson:2","title":"Hesitation has consequences","text":"From the inn in Nagoya to his last meeting with Mineko, Sanshirō waits, wonders and never acts. Sōseki shows that indecision is itself a choice: by the time he understands what he feels, Mineko is engaged to another man.","work":"Sanshirō","author":"Natsume Sōseki","url":"/works/sanshiro/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sanshiro:lesson:3","title":"Learning and wisdom","text":"Nonomiya measures the pressure of light with patient devotion, and Hirota reads widely and gives sharp judgments while refusing to seek advancement. Yojirō, by contrast, schemes for his teacher's promotion. The novel asks what learning is for and what it can and cannot give a person.","work":"Sanshirō","author":"Natsume Sōseki","url":"/works/sanshiro/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sanshiro:lesson:4","title":"Stray sheep","text":"Mineko's phrase stray sheep, spoken by the stream and repeated by Sanshirō at the end, names the drift of two young people between old customs and new freedoms. The biblical image, which Mineko knows from her Christian upbringing, gives the comedy of the novel an undertone of longing.","work":"Sanshirō","author":"Natsume Sōseki","url":"/works/sanshiro/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sarah-plain-and-tall:lesson:1","title":"Love can be chosen","text":"Sarah is not the children's mother and owes them nothing, yet she chooses to come and finally chooses to stay. The book shows a family built by choice and patience rather than by blood alone.","work":"Sarah, Plain and Tall","author":"Patricia MacLachlan","url":"/works/sarah-plain-and-tall/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sarah-plain-and-tall:lesson:2","title":"Missing a place you love","text":"Sarah misses the sea, and Maggie misses the hills of Tennessee. Neither pretends the longing goes away. Sarah's colored pencils show a way to carry what you miss into a new home instead of running back to the old one.","work":"Sarah, Plain and Tall","author":"Patricia MacLachlan","url":"/works/sarah-plain-and-tall/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sarah-plain-and-tall:lesson:3","title":"Waiting with hope","text":"Anna tries not to hope too much, and Caleb hopes out loud. On the day Sarah drives to town, both of them must wait without knowing. The story shows how hard and how brave it is to hope after a loss.","work":"Sarah, Plain and Tall","author":"Patricia MacLachlan","url":"/works/sarah-plain-and-tall/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sartre-no-exit-and-three-other-plays:lesson:1","title":"Freedom and responsibility","text":"Sartre held that human beings have no fixed nature given in advance; they exist first and define themselves by their choices, for which they are wholly responsible. Orestes in The Flies embodies this view when he refuses to hand his deed over to Zeus or to repent, and Garcin in No Exit learns that his life is the sum of what he did, not what he dreamed.","work":"No Exit and Three Other Plays","author":"Jean-Paul Sartre","url":"/works/sartre-no-exit-and-three-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sartre-no-exit-and-three-other-plays:lesson:2","title":"Hell is other people, in context","text":"The most famous line of No Exit is often taken to mean that other people are unbearable. Sartre explained that he meant something narrower: when we depend wholly on the judgment of others to know ourselves, and our relations with them are twisted, the others become our hell. The three characters cannot stop seeking each other's verdicts.","work":"No Exit and Three Other Plays","author":"Jean-Paul Sartre","url":"/works/sartre-no-exit-and-three-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sartre-no-exit-and-three-other-plays:lesson:3","title":"Bad faith","text":"Sartre's term bad faith names the self-deception by which people deny their freedom, treating themselves as victims of circumstance or as fixed characters. Garcin's claim to be a hero, Estelle's insistence that she is a mere child of fortune, and Lizzie's surrender to the senator can all be read through it.","work":"No Exit and Three Other Plays","author":"Jean-Paul Sartre","url":"/works/sartre-no-exit-and-three-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sartre-no-exit-and-three-other-plays:lesson:4","title":"Clean hands and dirty hands","text":"In Dirty Hands Hoederer argues that anyone who acts in politics must accept compromise and the dirt of the world, while Hugo wants a purity of principle that may cost others their lives. Sartre gives both men strong arguments.","work":"No Exit and Three Other Plays","author":"Jean-Paul Sartre","url":"/works/sartre-no-exit-and-three-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"schechter-poultry-v-united-states:lesson:1","title":"Emergencies and constitutional limits","text":"Hughes begins by insisting that a national crisis, however grave, does not expand the government's powers. The Constitution's grants are adequate in war and peace, he writes, but they remain limited. The principle has been invoked in many later emergencies.","work":"A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schechter-poultry-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"schechter-poultry-v-united-states:lesson:2","title":"Who makes the law?","text":"The Constitution vests legislative power in Congress. Hughes and Cardozo agree that Congress may leave details to others under a standard, but not hand them the whole task of deciding what the law should be. The codes, drafted largely by trade groups and approved by the President, failed that test.","work":"A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schechter-poultry-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"schechter-poultry-v-united-states:lesson:3","title":"Where commerce stops","text":"The poultry crossed state lines, but Hughes holds that once it reached Brooklyn and was held for local slaughter and sale, the interstate movement had ended. His distinction between direct and indirect effects, and Cardozo's image of tremors spreading from the rim to the center, frame a question the Court would later answer very differently.","work":"A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schechter-poultry-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"schechter-poultry-v-united-states:lesson:4","title":"A unanimous check on a popular program","text":"The Court decided against the centerpiece of the early New Deal without a single dissent, joined by justices who later supported broad federal power. The case shows that structural limits can unite judges who differ on economic policy.","work":"A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schechter-poultry-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"schenck-v-united-states:lesson:1","title":"Circumstances and the meaning of words","text":"Holmes's central claim is that the same words may be lawful in one setting and punishable in another. A leaflet urging repeal of a law might be ordinary political speech in peacetime, yet in wartime, mailed to men just drafted, the Court treated it as an attempt to obstruct the army.","work":"Schenck v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schenck-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"schenck-v-united-states:lesson:2","title":"A test of proximity and degree","text":"The clear and present danger test asks how close and how likely the feared harm is. Holmes framed it as a matter of degree rather than a bright line, which gave judges and juries room to weigh circumstances and left later courts to decide how close the danger must be.","work":"Schenck v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schenck-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"schenck-v-united-states:lesson:3","title":"Liberty in time of war","text":"The opinion says that in war many things that might be said in peace will not be endured so long as men fight. The nation's need to raise an army and the citizen's freedom to oppose the war both carry real weight, and Americans have weighed them differently in different conflicts.","work":"Schenck v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schenck-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"schenck-v-united-states:lesson:4","title":"The power of an image in legal argument","text":"The false cry of fire in a crowded theatre became one of the best-known images in American law, often repeated far from its original setting. It shows how a vivid example can persuade, and why careful readers should notice exactly what the example claims.","work":"Schenck v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/schenck-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"schrodinger-what-is-life:lesson:1","title":"Asking a large question well","text":"Schrödinger turns the vague question what is life into precise ones: why atoms are small, how a tiny gene can be stable, and how an organism avoids decay. His book shows how a question from one field can be sharpened by the tools of another.","work":"What Is Life?","author":"Erwin Schrödinger","url":"/works/schrodinger-what-is-life/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"schrodinger-what-is-life:lesson:2","title":"Information in matter","text":"The idea of an aperiodic crystal carrying a code-script anticipated the discovery that DNA stores hereditary information in a sequence of chemical units. Schrödinger saw that the important feature was not substance but arrangement.","work":"What Is Life?","author":"Erwin Schrödinger","url":"/works/schrodinger-what-is-life/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"schrodinger-what-is-life:lesson:3","title":"Order sustained against decay","text":"A living thing stays alive only by taking order from its surroundings and releasing disorder. The picture of the organism as constantly sustained from outside gives a physical meaning to the old observation that life must be fed.","work":"What Is Life?","author":"Erwin Schrödinger","url":"/works/schrodinger-what-is-life/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"schrodinger-what-is-life:lesson:4","title":"Science and the self","text":"In the Epilogue Schrödinger moves beyond physics to the question of who directs the motion of the atoms, offering a personal answer from Hindu philosophy. Readers can see a great scientist marking where his science ends and his metaphysics begins.","work":"What Is Life?","author":"Erwin Schrödinger","url":"/works/schrodinger-what-is-life/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau:lesson:1","title":"The adviser as fiduciary","text":"The opinion's lasting contribution is its recognition that an investment adviser stands in a fiduciary relationship to clients, owing the utmost good faith and full and fair disclosure of material facts. That status, drawn from trust law and equity, explains why ordinary arm's-length bargaining rules do not govern advice.","work":"SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau:lesson:2","title":"Conflicts need not be proven harmful","text":"The firm's recommendations may have been sound, and no client was shown to have lost money. The Court held that the law aims not only at dishonor but at conduct that tempts dishonor, so an undisclosed conflict operates as a fraud even when the advice turns out well.","work":"SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau:lesson:3","title":"Disclosure rather than prohibition","text":"Goldberg noted that some witnesses wanted advisers barred from trading in securities their clients held, but the Commission sought only disclosure. The remedy reflects the federal securities laws' general method: let the client judge, once the relevant facts are known.","work":"SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau:lesson:4","title":"Reading a statute's silence","text":"Harlan pointed out that Congress included an express disclosure clause in the 1933 Act but left it out of the Advisers Act. The majority treated the omission as surplusage given the Act's broad fraud language; Harlan found that explanation unconvincing. The exchange shows how much can turn on what a statute does not say.","work":"SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-capital-gains-research-bureau/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sec-v-edwards:lesson:1","title":"Reading a precedent in its context","text":"The Eleventh Circuit read Forman's two examples of profits as a complete list. O'Connor went back to Howey and the blue sky cases behind it to show that profits meant the return investors seek in any form. The case teaches how to read a precedent's words in light of what the earlier court was deciding.","work":"SEC v. Edwards","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-edwards/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sec-v-edwards:lesson:2","title":"Substance over labels, again","text":"ETS sold its package as the purchase of a payphone with optional services, but nearly every buyer took the full package and did nothing but receive checks. The Court treated the arrangement by its economic reality as an investment, following the substance-over-form principle of Howey and Reves.","work":"SEC v. Edwards","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-edwards/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sec-v-edwards:lesson:3","title":"Guaranteed returns and vulnerable investors","text":"O'Connor noted that offers of guaranteed fixed returns are especially attractive to older and less sophisticated investors. A rule exempting such offers would have left the securities laws' protection weakest where it was most needed, and would have invited promoters to pick a fixed rate simply to avoid regulation.","work":"SEC v. Edwards","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-edwards/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sec-v-w-j-howey-co:lesson:1","title":"Substance over form","text":"Howey's buyers received warranty deeds, and on paper they owned land. Murphy looked past the paperwork to the economic reality: investors supplied money and the companies did the work and generated the profit. The principle that legal labels do not control has guided securities law ever since.","work":"SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-w-j-howey-co/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sec-v-w-j-howey-co:lesson:2","title":"A definition built to last","text":"Murphy wrote that the definition embodies a flexible rather than a static principle, able to meet schemes no one had yet imagined. Its four elements, an investment of money, a common enterprise, an expectation of profits and reliance on the efforts of others, have since been applied to arrangements far removed from Florida citrus.","work":"SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-w-j-howey-co/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sec-v-w-j-howey-co:lesson:3","title":"Respecting the trial court","text":"Frankfurter did not defend the offering; he defended a rule of judicial administration. Two courts had found as a fact that the contracts were separate, and he believed the Supreme Court should not reweigh such findings. His dissent raises the lasting question of when an issue is one of fact and when it is one of law.","work":"SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-w-j-howey-co/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sec-v-w-j-howey-co:lesson:4","title":"Disclosure as the remedy","text":"The Securities Act of 1933 does not forbid risky investments; it requires that offerings be registered so investors receive full and fair disclosure. Howey's significance lies in deciding which offerings trigger that duty, which is why the definition of a security sits at the gateway of the whole federal system.","work":"SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sec-v-w-j-howey-co/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"second-treatise-of-government:lesson:1","title":"Power is a trust that can be forfeited","text":"For Locke, rulers are trustees of power given for specific ends. When they act beyond those ends, invading property or ruling arbitrarily, they forfeit the trust, and the people may judge and resist. This fiduciary model of authority also underlies modern ideas of professional duty, including the doctor's.","work":"Second Treatise of Government","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/second-treatise-of-government/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"second-treatise-of-government:lesson:2","title":"Self-ownership and its limits","text":"Locke grounds property in a 'property in his own person', yet he also holds that we are God's workmanship and may not destroy ourselves or sell ourselves into slavery. The tension between self-ownership and inalienable life runs through modern debates on bodily autonomy, organ sales and assisted dying.","work":"Second Treatise of Government","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/second-treatise-of-government/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"second-treatise-of-government:lesson:3","title":"Reason as the threshold of freedom","text":"Locke ties freedom to the capacity to know the law. Children are free in potential; those who never reach reason remain under guardianship. The passage is an early theory of capacity and guardianship, with all its benefits and dangers for people deemed 'lunatics and ideots'.","work":"Second Treatise of Government","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/second-treatise-of-government/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"second-treatise-of-government:lesson:4","title":"Property theory and colonial dispossession","text":"Locke's claim that uncultivated land is waste, and his image of America as the world 'in the beginning', supplied arguments for settlers' title over Indigenous land. Locke himself was involved in colonial administration and investment. The chapter has to be read with that history in view.","work":"Second Treatise of Government","author":"John Locke","url":"/works/second-treatise-of-government/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sense-and-sensibility:lesson:1","title":"Feeling needs judgement, and judgement needs feeling","text":"The novel does not simply side with sense; it shows Elinor's suffering in silence and Marianne's growth into self-command. Each sister learns something from the other.","work":"Sense and Sensibility","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/sense-and-sensibility/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sense-and-sensibility:lesson:2","title":"Money shapes every relationship","text":"Inheritance law, dowries and disinheritance drive the plot from the first chapter. Austen exposes how economic dependence constrains women's choices and corrupts men like Willoughby.","work":"Sense and Sensibility","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/sense-and-sensibility/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sense-and-sensibility:lesson:3","title":"Grief can become self-destruction","text":"Marianne's indulgence of grief, refusing food, sleep and caution, leads directly to her near-fatal illness. Austen treats the cult of sensibility as a real danger to health.","work":"Sense and Sensibility","author":"Jane Austen","url":"/works/sense-and-sensibility/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sermons-and-letter-from-birmingham-jail:lesson:1","title":"Nonviolence is disciplined pressure","text":"King presents nonviolence as organized courage, not passivity. It creates public tension so injustice can no longer remain hidden.","work":"Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail","author":"Martin Luther King Jr.","url":"/works/sermons-and-letter-from-birmingham-jail/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sermons-and-letter-from-birmingham-jail:lesson:2","title":"Moderation can protect injustice","text":"The letter's sharpest critique is aimed not only at open hatred but at delay dressed as prudence. King shows how calls for order can preserve disorder.","work":"Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail","author":"Martin Luther King Jr.","url":"/works/sermons-and-letter-from-birmingham-jail/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sermons-and-letter-from-birmingham-jail:lesson:3","title":"Hope requires institutions and bodies","text":"King's hope is not mood or optimism. It is built through churches, marches, jail discipline, legal strategy, and bodies willing to face harm.","work":"Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail","author":"Martin Luther King Jr.","url":"/works/sermons-and-letter-from-birmingham-jail/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sermons-on-the-song-of-songs:lesson:1","title":"Desire can be disciplined without being killed","text":"Bernard does not ask his monks to become loveless. He tries to redirect longing toward a divine object, making desire the engine of transformation.","work":"Sermons on the Song of Songs","author":"Bernard of Clairvaux","url":"/works/sermons-on-the-song-of-songs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sermons-on-the-song-of-songs:lesson:2","title":"A metaphor can train emotion","text":"The Song's erotic images become exercises in feeling. Bernard shows how repeated metaphors can shape what a community notices, fears, and hopes for.","work":"Sermons on the Song of Songs","author":"Bernard of Clairvaux","url":"/works/sermons-on-the-song-of-songs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sermons-on-the-song-of-songs:lesson:3","title":"Intimacy and authority can coexist uneasily","text":"The sermons are tender and searching, but Bernard also lived inside powerful ecclesiastical structures. His work reminds readers that intense inner language does not remove institutional questions.","work":"Sermons on the Song of Songs","author":"Bernard of Clairvaux","url":"/works/sermons-on-the-song-of-songs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"seven-pillars-of-wisdom:lesson:1","title":"Leading people whose cause you know may be betrayed","text":"Lawrence admits from the outset that he knew of the Sykes-Picot agreement while urging the Arabs on with promises of freedom. The book turns this double position into a sustained study of political service divided against personal loyalty.","work":"Seven Pillars of Wisdom","author":"T. E. Lawrence","url":"/works/seven-pillars-of-wisdom/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"seven-pillars-of-wisdom:lesson:2","title":"Guerrilla war as an argument from space and time","text":"The Wadi Ais chapter argues that irregular forces win by being everywhere and nowhere, by attacking materials rather than men, and by keeping the enemy holding useless ground. It anticipates later doctrines of insurgency and counterinsurgency.","work":"Seven Pillars of Wisdom","author":"T. E. Lawrence","url":"/works/seven-pillars-of-wisdom/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"seven-pillars-of-wisdom:lesson:3","title":"Wearing another people's identity has a cost","text":"Lawrence dresses, rides and speaks as an Arab and describes the result as a self split in two, belonging fully to neither world. The memoir is an early and painful account of what assimilation for political ends does to the person attempting it.","work":"Seven Pillars of Wisdom","author":"T. E. Lawrence","url":"/works/seven-pillars-of-wisdom/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"seven-pillars-of-wisdom:lesson:4","title":"Violence erodes the restraint it was meant to protect","text":"From the execution of Hamed to the killing of Farraj and the no-prisoners order after Tafas, the book tracks how each necessary killing loosens the narrator's hold on limits. Lawrence presents himself as a participant in atrocity, not an observer of it.","work":"Seven Pillars of Wisdom","author":"T. E. Lawrence","url":"/works/seven-pillars-of-wisdom/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shakespeares-sonnets:lesson:1","title":"Poetry as a monument","text":"Sonnets 18, 55, 60 and 65 make a bold claim: that a poem can preserve a person after statues fall and bodies decay. The claim is half true and half a lover's boast, since the young man's name is lost while the lines survive. Reading them shows how Renaissance poets understood fame and how verse carries memory across centuries.","work":"Sonnets","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/shakespeares-sonnets/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shakespeares-sonnets:lesson:2","title":"Love defined by constancy","text":"Sonnet 116 defines love by what it refuses to do: it does not alter when circumstances change, bend when the beloved moves away, or yield to the sickle of time. Its images of a sea-mark and a guiding star make love a fixed point for navigation rather than a feeling. The sonnet reads differently against the poems of jealousy and estrangement around it.","work":"Sonnets","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/shakespeares-sonnets/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shakespeares-sonnets:lesson:3","title":"Honest praise","text":"Sonnet 130 refuses the inflated comparisons that Elizabethan sonneteers borrowed from Petrarch: her eyes are not suns, her lips not coral. The couplet claims that love which sees truly is as rare as any celebrated by false compare. Students can weigh flattery against truthful affection, a question that runs through the whole sequence.","work":"Sonnets","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/shakespeares-sonnets/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shakespeares-sonnets:lesson:4","title":"Desire and the soul","text":"The dark-lady sonnets describe a passion the speaker himself condemns: Sonnet 129 calls lust perjured and savage, and Sonnet 147 says his reason, his physician, has left him. Sonnet 146 answers with a sermon to his own soul, urging it to starve the body's vanity and feed on things divine. The sequence thus contains its own moral argument about the ordering of love.","work":"Sonnets","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/shakespeares-sonnets/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shane:lesson:1","title":"A man can try to change","text":"Shane comes to the valley to live as a farmhand and puts his gun away. Schaefer takes his wish seriously, and the ending asks whether a man's past can be left behind or only used, once, for others' good.","work":"Shane","author":"Jack Schaefer","url":"/works/shane/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shane:lesson:2","title":"Work that builds a friendship","text":"Joe and Shane become friends over the stump, not over words. Shared labour on a hard job teaches each man what the other is worth.","work":"Shane","author":"Jack Schaefer","url":"/works/shane/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shane:lesson:3","title":"Courage and the right use of force","text":"Shane tells Bob a gun is a tool, as good or bad as the man who uses it. The book separates Wilson's killing for pay from Shane's fight to protect a family, while counting the cost of both.","work":"Shane","author":"Jack Schaefer","url":"/works/shane/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shane:lesson:4","title":"Seeing a hero through a child's eyes","text":"Bob tells the story as a man remembering what he saw as a boy. His admiration shapes how Shane appears, and his mother's and father's reactions show more than he understood at the time.","work":"Shane","author":"Jack Schaefer","url":"/works/shane/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shaw-saint-joan:lesson:1","title":"Sincere judges, tragic verdict","text":"Shaw refuses to make Joan's judges villains. Cauchon and the Inquisitor believe they are saving her soul and protecting Christendom, and the Inquisitor's speech gives the strongest case for their duty. The tragedy is that good men acting on serious principles burn a saint.","work":"Saint Joan","author":"George Bernard Shaw","url":"/works/shaw-saint-joan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shaw-saint-joan:lesson:2","title":"The private conscience and the public authority","text":"Joan obeys her voices before the Church, and her king and peers alike before her own judgment. Warwick and Cauchon see in this the coming conflicts of Protestantism and nationalism, and the play lets each side argue in its own terms.","work":"Saint Joan","author":"George Bernard Shaw","url":"/works/shaw-saint-joan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shaw-saint-joan:lesson:3","title":"Alone with God","text":"In Rheims cathedral, abandoned by king and comrades, Joan answers that France is alone and God is alone, and that she will find strength in that loneliness. Her courage does not depend on others' approval.","work":"Saint Joan","author":"George Bernard Shaw","url":"/works/shaw-saint-joan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shaw-saint-joan:lesson:4","title":"Praising saints and receiving them","text":"In the Epilogue everyone honours Joan once she is safely canonized, but no one wants her alive again. Shaw asks whether people honour holiness more easily in the past than in their own day.","work":"Saint Joan","author":"George Bernard Shaw","url":"/works/shaw-saint-joan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon:lesson:1","title":"Keeping a bargain","text":"The Court held the McMahons to the arbitration clause they had signed. The opinion rests on the Federal Arbitration Act's command that arbitration agreements be enforced like other contracts, unless Congress has clearly provided otherwise for a particular kind of claim.","work":"Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon:lesson:2","title":"Reading an old precedent in a new setting","text":"O'Connor read Wilko as depending on its 1953 judgment that arbitration could not protect investors, and found that judgment outdated given SEC oversight. Blackmun saw this as overruling Wilko in substance while claiming to follow it. The disagreement shows how the reasons behind a precedent can decide its reach.","work":"Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon:lesson:3","title":"Fairness of the forum","text":"The McMahons argued that brokerage customers sign standard agreements without real bargaining and that industry-sponsored arbitration may favor firms. The majority relied on the SEC's power to review and approve arbitration rules; the dissenters doubted that oversight was enough. The case raises enduring questions about where disputes between unequal parties should be heard.","work":"Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon:lesson:4","title":"Settled interpretation and the role of Congress","text":"Stevens argued that a reading of a statute accepted by every circuit for decades becomes as clear as if Congress had written it, and that any error should be fixed by Congress. The majority treated the question as open because the Supreme Court itself had never decided it.","work":"Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/shearson-american-express-v-mcmahon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shermans-memoirs:lesson:1","title":"A public label of insanity can outlast its evidence","text":"The Kentucky chapter shows a commander whose strategic estimate later proved roughly right being branded insane in print and removed. Sherman's anger decades later shows how a newspaper diagnosis wounds reputation, self-trust and career, and how recovery came through action rather than vindication.","work":"Memoirs","author":"William Tecumseh Sherman","url":"/works/shermans-memoirs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shermans-memoirs:lesson:2","title":"Logistics is the hidden plot of war","text":"Sherman narrates rivers, railroads, forage and hospital boats with as much care as combat. His war is a problem of moving and feeding men, and the Meridian raid shows that destroying an enemy's means of supply can matter more than defeating its army in battle.","work":"Memoirs","author":"William Tecumseh Sherman","url":"/works/shermans-memoirs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shermans-memoirs:lesson:3","title":"Assigning the costs of war to those who began it","text":"In letters from Memphis and to Halleck, Sherman argues that waste and destruction are chargeable to those who chose secession, and that war should be 'pure and simple' toward belligerents. The memoir lets readers watch a moral rationale for hard war being built before it was carried out in Georgia.","work":"Memoirs","author":"William Tecumseh Sherman","url":"/works/shermans-memoirs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"shermans-memoirs:lesson:4","title":"Private grief inside a public command","text":"Willie's death is told in a few paragraphs and a midnight letter, then the narrative moves on to Chattanooga. The compression is itself the evidence: a father blames himself for bringing his family to a sickly river camp, yet writes that duty leaves no time to mourn.","work":"Memoirs","author":"William Tecumseh Sherman","url":"/works/shermans-memoirs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"siddhartha:lesson:1","title":"Wisdom cannot be handed over","text":"Siddhartha respects the Buddha but insists that knowledge can be transmitted while wisdom must be lived. The novel prizes personal experience over doctrine.","work":"Siddhartha: An Indian Tale","author":"Hermann Hesse","url":"/works/siddhartha/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"siddhartha:lesson:2","title":"Descent as part of the path","text":"Siddhartha's years of luxury and disgust are not wasted; they are necessary to his later understanding. The book frames despair as a passage rather than an endpoint.","work":"Siddhartha: An Indian Tale","author":"Hermann Hesse","url":"/works/siddhartha/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"siddhartha:lesson:3","title":"Listening as a discipline","text":"Vasudeva's gift is attentive listening, to the river and to people. The novel presents listening without judgement as a form of healing.","work":"Siddhartha: An Indian Tale","author":"Hermann Hesse","url":"/works/siddhartha/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"silas-marner:lesson:1","title":"From gold to a child","text":"Silas's hoard narrows his life to his loom and his coins; Eppie draws him outward to his neighbors, the fields and the church. Eliot shows that love for a person can restore what love of money had shrunk.","work":"Silas Marner","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/silas-marner/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"silas-marner:lesson:2","title":"Trusting in the dark","text":"Dolly Winthrop cannot explain why Silas was falsely condemned, but she teaches him to do the right thing as far as he knows and to trust. Her simple faith helps him live with a wrong that is never set right in this life.","work":"Silas Marner","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/silas-marner/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"silas-marner:lesson:3","title":"The cost of concealment","text":"Godfrey's refusal to own his marriage and child brings him a comfortable life but leaves him childless and without his daughter's love. When he finally confesses, he learns that a duty refused cannot always be taken up again later.","work":"Silas Marner","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/silas-marner/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"silas-marner:lesson:4","title":"Who is a father?","text":"Eppie chooses the weaver who fed, taught and loved her over the gentleman whose blood she shares. The novel honors fatherhood as faithful care given day after day.","work":"Silas Marner","author":"George Eliot","url":"/works/silas-marner/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sinners-and-the-surprising-work-of-god:lesson:1","title":"Fear can awaken and wound","text":"Edwards uses fear as a spiritual alarm, not as entertainment. The method raises enduring questions about when fear clarifies danger and when it overwhelms a hearer's capacity for trust.","work":"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God and A Faithful Narrative","author":"Jonathan Edwards","url":"/works/sinners-and-the-surprising-work-of-god/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sinners-and-the-surprising-work-of-god:lesson:2","title":"Emotion needs interpretation","text":"The revival narrative refuses to equate intensity with authenticity. Edwards treats tears, trembling, joy, and distress as signs that require patient discernment.","work":"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God and A Faithful Narrative","author":"Jonathan Edwards","url":"/works/sinners-and-the-surprising-work-of-god/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sinners-and-the-surprising-work-of-god:lesson:3","title":"Conversion is a social event","text":"Awakening spreads through households, youth circles, congregations, and print. Edwards shows private conscience becoming public and contagious.","work":"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God and A Faithful Narrative","author":"Jonathan Edwards","url":"/works/sinners-and-the-surprising-work-of-god/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sir-gawain-and-the-green-knight:lesson:1","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: formed attention","text":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight teaches students to slow down before judgment. the text gives tenth-grade students a romance that is comic, frightening, penitential, and psychologically acute about self-protection","work":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/sir-gawain-and-the-green-knight/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sir-gawain-and-the-green-knight:lesson:2","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: order and disorder","text":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight makes order visible by showing what damages it. the poem moves from Christmas festivity to wilderness trial, bedroom temptation, confession, and the small wound that teaches Gawain humility","work":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/sir-gawain-and-the-green-knight/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sir-gawain-and-the-green-knight:lesson:3","title":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: body and soul","text":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight gives the medical lens a human scale. medical interest gathers around bodily vulnerability: decapitation, fear, dream, the nick on the neck, confession, and shame felt as an embodied wound","work":"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/sir-gawain-and-the-green-knight/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sixty-stories:lesson:1","title":"Fragments can carry feeling","text":"Barthelme's broken forms are not merely clever; they mirror how modern consciousness receives the world in pieces. The stories show that collage can be a vehicle for grief and tenderness.","work":"Sixty Stories","author":"Donald Barthelme","url":"/works/sixty-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sixty-stories:lesson:2","title":"Language as a material","text":"Barthelme treats jargon, clichés and media phrases as found objects. Reading him trains attention to how institutional language shapes and evades meaning.","work":"Sixty Stories","author":"Donald Barthelme","url":"/works/sixty-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sixty-stories:lesson:3","title":"Explaining death to children","text":"'The School' turns a sequence of deaths into black comedy and ends with the children's real questions about meaning. It shows how absurdity can open a space for serious inquiry.","work":"Sixty Stories","author":"Donald Barthelme","url":"/works/sixty-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"slaughter-house-cases:lesson:1","title":"Reading new amendments by their purpose","text":"Miller interpreted the Reconstruction amendments through the history that produced them, concluding that their central aim was the freedom and protection of the formerly enslaved. His approach shows how a single dominant purpose can shape, and also limit, the reading of broad constitutional words.","work":"Slaughter-House Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/slaughter-house-cases/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"slaughter-house-cases:lesson:2","title":"The federal balance","text":"Miller feared that a broad reading would make the Court a perpetual censor of state laws and transform the relation between states and nation. The dissenters believed the amendments had deliberately made that change. Both sides argued about the structure of the Union as much as about butchers.","work":"Slaughter-House Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/slaughter-house-cases/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"slaughter-house-cases:lesson:3","title":"Health law and economic liberty","text":"Louisiana defended its act as sanitary regulation; Field replied that only two provisions concerned health and the rest created a monopoly. The case asks how courts should judge a law whose stated purpose and practical effect seem to diverge.","work":"Slaughter-House Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/slaughter-house-cases/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"slaughter-house-cases:lesson:4","title":"The right to work at a trade","text":"Field and Bradley placed the freedom to follow a lawful calling among the most valuable rights of a free citizen, tracing it to English opposition to monopolies. That idea, rejected here, later shaped decades of constitutional argument about economic regulation.","work":"Slaughter-House Cases","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/slaughter-house-cases/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"solzhenitsyn-the-gulag-archipelago:lesson:1","title":"The line through every heart","text":"Solzhenitsyn refuses to divide the world neatly into the guilty and the innocent. Reflecting on how he too might have become an interrogator had his life gone differently, he concludes that the line between good and evil runs through every human heart and shifts over a lifetime. This is the moral centre of the work.","work":"The Gulag Archipelago","author":"Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn","url":"/works/solzhenitsyn-the-gulag-archipelago/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"solzhenitsyn-the-gulag-archipelago:lesson:2","title":"Ideology and the conscience","text":"Solzhenitsyn argues that what allowed the persecution of millions was an ideology that gave evildoers a justification, so that they could believe they were acting for the good. Without such a justification, he suggests, people's consciences would have held them back. The book examines how ordinary officials came to do what they did.","work":"The Gulag Archipelago","author":"Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn","url":"/works/solzhenitsyn-the-gulag-archipelago/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"solzhenitsyn-the-gulag-archipelago:lesson:3","title":"Bearing witness","text":"Solzhenitsyn wrote in secret, hid the manuscript in several places and gathered testimony at great risk to himself and others, so that the dead would be remembered and the truth known. The book shows literature acting as historical testimony when official records were closed.","work":"The Gulag Archipelago","author":"Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn","url":"/works/solzhenitsyn-the-gulag-archipelago/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"solzhenitsyn-the-gulag-archipelago:lesson:4","title":"Suffering and inner freedom","text":"In Part IV Solzhenitsyn describes how prison, which destroyed many, became for him the place of a moral and religious awakening. He does not praise suffering in itself and remembers those it broke, but he insists that a person may keep or regain the soul even behind barbed wire.","work":"The Gulag Archipelago","author":"Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn","url":"/works/solzhenitsyn-the-gulag-archipelago/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sonnet-116:lesson:1","title":"Constancy as the test of love","text":"Shakespeare locates love not in feeling or beauty but in what refuses to change when circumstances change. A love that alters when it finds alteration was only ever a response to conditions. The sonnet teaches that fidelity is the measure of love, especially once youth and beauty begin to fall to Time's sickle.","work":"Sonnet 116","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/sonnet-116/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sonnet-116:lesson:2","title":"The star whose worth is unknown","text":"The navigational image allows that love can be partly measured: its height can be taken, and it gives direction. Yet its worth lies beyond calculation. Shakespeare suggests that the most important things in life guide us without being fully understood by us.","work":"Sonnet 116","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/sonnet-116/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sonnet-116:lesson:3","title":"Love outlasting the body","text":"The third quatrain concedes that beauty belongs to Time: lips and cheeks come within the sickle's compass. Love, however, is not Time's fool and lasts to the edge of doom. The poem separates the beloved's perishable features from the bond itself, a distinction that gives weight to vows made for old age and sickness.","work":"Sonnet 116","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/sonnet-116/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"spinoza-theologico-political-treatise:lesson:1","title":"Freedom of thought and the peace of the state","text":"Spinoza's central political claim is that a state is safest when it allows its citizens to think what they like and say what they think, punishing deeds rather than opinions. He argues that attempts to control thought teach people to dissemble, embitter honest people and strengthen faction. His defence of toleration belongs to the same century as Milton's Areopagitica and Locke's Letter Concerning Toleration, though it rests on different grounds.","work":"A Theologico-Political Treatise","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/spinoza-theologico-political-treatise/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"spinoza-theologico-political-treatise:lesson:2","title":"A method for reading Scripture","text":"Spinoza proposes that Scripture be interpreted from its own text, language and history, rather than by reading philosophical doctrines into it or forcing it to agree with reason. His method influenced the later historical study of the Bible. Readers who reject his conclusions, including the denial of Mosaic authorship and of miracles as he defines them, can still examine how his method works and where its assumptions lie.","work":"A Theologico-Political Treatise","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/spinoza-theologico-political-treatise/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"spinoza-theologico-political-treatise:lesson:3","title":"The separation of faith and philosophy","text":"Spinoza holds that Scripture's aim is not to teach philosophy but obedience, expressed in justice and charity, and that faith should be judged by works rather than by speculative opinion. Philosophy, in turn, seeks truth by reason alone. He intends this separation to end persecution over doctrine. His critics have argued that it reduces revealed religion to morality.","work":"A Theologico-Political Treatise","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/spinoza-theologico-political-treatise/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"spinoza-theologico-political-treatise:lesson:4","title":"Natural right and the origin of the state","text":"In Chapter XVI Spinoza, like Hobbes, describes natural right as extending as far as power, and the state as formed when individuals transfer their power for the sake of security. Unlike Hobbes, he prefers democracy as the most natural form and insists that no one can transfer the right to judge for himself.","work":"A Theologico-Political Treatise","author":"Baruch Spinoza","url":"/works/spinoza-theologico-political-treatise/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"spurgeon-selected-sermons:lesson:1","title":"Consolation can come from wounded confidence","text":"Spurgeon does not comfort from a place of invulnerability. His experience of illness and despondency gives many sermons a tenderness that complicates his public certainty.","work":"Selected Sermons","author":"Charles Spurgeon","url":"/works/spurgeon-selected-sermons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"spurgeon-selected-sermons:lesson:2","title":"Print can multiply intimacy","text":"The weekly sermon made direct address portable. Spurgeon shows how mass media can preserve the feeling of personal appeal while creating a large public.","work":"Selected Sermons","author":"Charles Spurgeon","url":"/works/spurgeon-selected-sermons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"spurgeon-selected-sermons:lesson:3","title":"Doctrine can organize charity","text":"Spurgeon's theology did not remain pulpit language. It supported institutions for training, orphan care, and congregational service.","work":"Selected Sermons","author":"Charles Spurgeon","url":"/works/spurgeon-selected-sermons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-crispins-day-speech:lesson:1","title":"Turning weakness into privilege","text":"Henry does not deny that the English are few; he redefines what fewness means. Fewer men divides honour among fewer sharers, so the army's weakness becomes the source of its glory. A leader's first act here is to change how his men see their situation.","work":"The St Crispin's Day Speech","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/st-crispins-day-speech/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-crispins-day-speech:lesson:2","title":"The honour of free consent","text":"Henry offers money and safe passage to anyone who wishes to leave. By making the fight voluntary he turns his soldiers into companions who choose their danger, and the choice is part of what makes the day honourable.","work":"The St Crispin's Day Speech","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/st-crispins-day-speech/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-crispins-day-speech:lesson:3","title":"Memory as reward","text":"The second half of the speech promises no plunder, only remembrance: the vigil feast, the shown scars, the names in flowing cups, the story taught to sons. Henry roots honour in a community that remembers, and makes brotherhood the highest rank.","work":"The St Crispin's Day Speech","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/st-crispins-day-speech/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-dymphna-and-geel:lesson:1","title":"Legend can found a real institution","text":"The story of Dymphna is historically fragile, but Geel's household-care tradition is historically consequential. A doubtful biography can still generate durable practices of mercy, identity, and care.","work":"St. Dymphna and the Geel Colony","author":"Pierre of Cambrai; Geel tradition","url":"/works/st-dymphna-and-geel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-dymphna-and-geel:lesson:2","title":"Community care predates modern slogans","text":"Geel complicates the story that psychiatric community care begins only after modern asylum reform. Its model was devotional and local, but it raised questions that remain modern: housing, stigma, autonomy, supervision, and belonging.","work":"St. Dymphna and the Geel Colony","author":"Pierre of Cambrai; Geel tradition","url":"/works/st-dymphna-and-geel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-dymphna-and-geel:lesson:3","title":"Trauma should not be softened into charm","text":"Dymphna's legend involves coercion, incestuous threat, flight, and murder. Its modern use as patronage for mental illness and abuse survivors is strongest when those violences are named rather than made decorative.","work":"St. Dymphna and the Geel Colony","author":"Pierre of Cambrai; Geel tradition","url":"/works/st-dymphna-and-geel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-dymphna-and-geel:lesson:4","title":"Diagnosis is not the only historical question","text":"Medieval sources speak of insanity, epilepsy, possession, and nervous affliction in shifting terms. The better question is often not what DSM label applies, but what forms of care and exclusion the label enabled.","work":"St. Dymphna and the Geel Colony","author":"Pierre of Cambrai; Geel tradition","url":"/works/st-dymphna-and-geel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-patricks-writings:lesson:1","title":"The earliest Patrick is not the holiday mascot","text":"Patrick's own Latin texts foreground capture, prayer, return, church conflict, and anti-slaving outrage. The later green festival image is real cultural history, but it should not be mistaken for the oldest source layer.","work":"St. Patrick's Writings","author":"Patrick of Ireland; Muirchu; Tirechan","url":"/works/st-patricks-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-patricks-writings:lesson:2","title":"Captivity can become vocation without becoming harmless","text":"Patrick interprets enslavement as the setting of conversion, but the Letter to Coroticus shows that he does not romanticize captivity. He can find providence in his own suffering and still condemn slave-raiding as a Christian scandal.","work":"St. Patrick's Writings","author":"Patrick of Ireland; Muirchu; Tirechan","url":"/works/st-patricks-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-patricks-writings:lesson:3","title":"Institutional memory reshapes charismatic memory","text":"Muirchu and Tirechan preserve valuable traditions while also making Patrick useful to churches, territories, and Armagh's authority. The saint becomes a map of claims as well as a remembered person.","work":"St. Patrick's Writings","author":"Patrick of Ireland; Muirchu; Tirechan","url":"/works/st-patricks-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-patricks-writings:lesson:4","title":"A vision narrative needs historical tact","text":"Patrick's voices and dreams are central to how he explains mission. A medical reader can compare them with later psychology of religious experience, but should avoid flattening them into a retrospective diagnosis.","work":"St. Patrick's Writings","author":"Patrick of Ireland; Muirchu; Tirechan","url":"/works/st-patricks-writings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-thomas-becket-and-canterbury-miracles:lesson:1","title":"A shrine can become an archive","text":"Canterbury did more than receive pilgrims. By recording miracle claims, the monks preserved a body of evidence about medieval illness, disability, travel, family desperation, and healing expectation.","work":"St. Thomas Becket and the Canterbury Miracles","author":"Edward Grim; Benedict of Peterborough; William of Canterbury tradition","url":"/works/st-thomas-becket-and-canterbury-miracles/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-thomas-becket-and-canterbury-miracles:lesson:2","title":"Relic water is portable medicine","text":"The water of St. Thomas let pilgrims carry contact with the martyr away from Canterbury. It functioned as devotional object, therapeutic medium, and proof that the shrine's power could travel.","work":"St. Thomas Becket and the Canterbury Miracles","author":"Edward Grim; Benedict of Peterborough; William of Canterbury tradition","url":"/works/st-thomas-becket-and-canterbury-miracles/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-thomas-becket-and-canterbury-miracles:lesson:3","title":"Martyrdom can alter political medicine","text":"Becket's healing cult did not float above politics. The murdered archbishop's posthumous cures supported Canterbury's authority and kept Henry II's conflict with the church in public memory.","work":"St. Thomas Becket and the Canterbury Miracles","author":"Edward Grim; Benedict of Peterborough; William of Canterbury tradition","url":"/works/st-thomas-becket-and-canterbury-miracles/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-thomas-becket-and-canterbury-miracles:lesson:4","title":"Claims are evidence even when cures are debated","text":"A modern reader need not accept every miracle as fact to learn from the record. The claims reveal what sufferers feared, how witnesses described symptoms, and what counted as recovery.","work":"St. Thomas Becket and the Canterbury Miracles","author":"Edward Grim; Benedict of Peterborough; William of Canterbury tradition","url":"/works/st-thomas-becket-and-canterbury-miracles/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-vitus-and-dancing-mania:lesson:1","title":"One name can hide several disorders","text":"St. Vitus's dance can refer to shrine-linked dancing mania, Sydenham's chorea, Huntington's chorea in loose older usage, or popular fears of epilepsy. Medical history begins by separating those uses instead of treating the phrase as one diagnosis.","work":"St. Vitus and the Dancing Mania","author":"Vitus tradition; J. F. C. Hecker; Benjamin Guy Babington","url":"/works/st-vitus-and-dancing-mania/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-vitus-and-dancing-mania:lesson:2","title":"Mass illness is not mass fakery","text":"Hecker's language of sympathy is dated, but it preserves an important point: bodily symptoms can spread through expectation, fear, ritual, and social contagion without being simply invented. A critical reading avoids both credulity and contempt.","work":"St. Vitus and the Dancing Mania","author":"Vitus tradition; J. F. C. Hecker; Benjamin Guy Babington","url":"/works/st-vitus-and-dancing-mania/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-vitus-and-dancing-mania:lesson:3","title":"Medicalization changes authority","text":"When Paracelsus classifies the dance, he shifts interpretive power away from demons and saints toward physicians, regimen, confinement, and cold-water treatment. That shift does not abolish religion; it competes with it.","work":"St. Vitus and the Dancing Mania","author":"Vitus tradition; J. F. C. Hecker; Benjamin Guy Babington","url":"/works/st-vitus-and-dancing-mania/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"st-vitus-and-dancing-mania:lesson:4","title":"Retrospective theories need restraint","text":"Ergotism, rheumatic chorea, epilepsy, and mass psychogenic illness each explain some features and fail at others. The safest historical claim is that the outbreaks were interpreted through the available religious, civic, and medical languages of their moment.","work":"St. Vitus and the Dancing Mania","author":"Vitus tradition; J. F. C. Hecker; Benjamin Guy Babington","url":"/works/st-vitus-and-dancing-mania/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"standard-oil-v-united-states:lesson:1","title":"Reading a broad statute","text":"The Sherman Act says every contract in restraint of trade is illegal. White reasons that Congress used common-law terms that had always carried a standard of reason; Harlan answers that every means every and that only Congress may add an exception. The dispute is a classic study in statutory interpretation.","work":"Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/standard-oil-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"standard-oil-v-united-states:lesson:2","title":"The history behind the law of monopoly","text":"White's opinion surveys centuries of English and American law on monopoly, forestalling and engrossing, showing how older rules about grain and food markets shaped a modern statute aimed at industrial combinations.","work":"Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/standard-oil-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"standard-oil-v-united-states:lesson:3","title":"Freedom of contract and freedom of trade","text":"White argues that the act protects the freedom to contract by forbidding only undue restraints, since a ban on every combination would destroy the right to make agreements at all. Harlan recalls that Congress feared concentrations of capital controlling the necessaries of life.","work":"Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/standard-oil-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"standard-oil-v-united-states:lesson:4","title":"Agreeing on the result, differing on the reason","text":"Harlan joined in dissolving Standard Oil yet wrote a sharp separate opinion. His concern was less the outcome than the rule announced, which he feared would weaken the act in future cases. The opinion shows that the reasoning of a decision can matter as much as its result.","work":"Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/standard-oil-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sterne-tristram-shandy:lesson:1","title":"Hobby-horses and the people who ride them","text":"Walter's systems and Toby's fortifications make both brothers absurd, yet Tristram treats a man's hobby-horse with indulgence so long as he does not force others to ride it. The book asks readers to laugh at ruling passions while loving the people who have them.","work":"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman","author":"Laurence Sterne","url":"/works/sterne-tristram-shandy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sterne-tristram-shandy:lesson:2","title":"The comedy of theory","text":"Walter Shandy has a learned theory for everything: noses, names, the seat of the soul, auxiliary verbs and childbirth. Every one of them is defeated by an accident, a knot, a falling sash or a maid's memory. Sterne mocks the learned pedant who prefers a system to the child in front of him.","work":"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman","author":"Laurence Sterne","url":"/works/sterne-tristram-shandy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sterne-tristram-shandy:lesson:3","title":"Kindness as the measure of a man","text":"Uncle Toby, the book's least learned man, is its best. He frees the fly, cares for Le Fever, and swears that the dying man shall not die; Tristram's narration makes his goodness the warm center of the comedy.","work":"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman","author":"Laurence Sterne","url":"/works/sterne-tristram-shandy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sterne-tristram-shandy:lesson:4","title":"Writing against time","text":"Tristram notices that he has taken a year to write one day of his life, so that he can never catch up with himself. The digressions, blank and black pages and the flight from Death in Volume VII turn the book into a meditation on how memory and storytelling struggle with mortality.","work":"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman","author":"Laurence Sterne","url":"/works/sterne-tristram-shandy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"story-of-a-soul:lesson:1","title":"The little way","text":"Thérèse feels too small to climb the stairway of perfection, so she seeks a lift: the arms of Jesus, who invites the little ones to come to Him. Holiness, for her, lies not in great deeds but in trusting God like a child and doing small things with great love.","work":"The Story of a Soul","author":"Therese of Lisieux","url":"/works/story-of-a-soul/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"story-of-a-soul:lesson:2","title":"Every flower in its place","text":"At the start of her story Thérèse explains that God makes some souls like lilies and roses and others like violets and daisies, and that the garden would lose its beauty if all wished to be roses. Each person's call is beautiful because God chose it.","work":"The Story of a Soul","author":"Therese of Lisieux","url":"/works/story-of-a-soul/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"story-of-a-soul:lesson:3","title":"Growing out of over-sensitivity","text":"Thérèse admits that after her mother's death she cried at the smallest thing and was tormented by scruples. On Christmas Eve 1886 she receives the grace to hold back her tears and think of others first, and she calls this her conversion. Maturity, in her story, is a gift received and a habit practiced.","work":"The Story of a Soul","author":"Therese of Lisieux","url":"/works/story-of-a-soul/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"story-of-a-soul:lesson:4","title":"Love as a vocation","text":"In Chapter XI Thérèse longs to be a priest, apostle, missionary and martyr all at once. Reading St. Paul on the body of Christ and the greater gift of charity, she discovers that love holds every vocation together and that her place is to be love in the heart of the Church.","work":"The Story of a Soul","author":"Therese of Lisieux","url":"/works/story-of-a-soul/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sts-cosmas-and-damian:lesson:1","title":"Free care becomes a sacred ideal","text":"The anargyroi tradition imagines medical skill freed from commercial exchange. That ideal does not solve the economics of care, but it reveals a deep moral suspicion of profiting from another person's vulnerability.","work":"Sts. Cosmas and Damian: Physician Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; Byzantine miracle tradition","url":"/works/sts-cosmas-and-damian/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sts-cosmas-and-damian:lesson:2","title":"Miracle surgery is still medical evidence of a kind","text":"The black-leg miracle is not evidence that transplantation occurred. It is evidence that medieval viewers could imagine diseased tissue, operative instruments, donor bodies, and postoperative bodily identity in surgical terms.","work":"Sts. Cosmas and Damian: Physician Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; Byzantine miracle tradition","url":"/works/sts-cosmas-and-damian/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sts-cosmas-and-damian:lesson:3","title":"Healing shrines organize patient expectation","text":"Incubation at Cosmas and Damian shrines made sleep, dreams, vows, and bodily cure part of a repeatable therapeutic script. The patient came seeking both medical action and sacred interpretation.","work":"Sts. Cosmas and Damian: Physician Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; Byzantine miracle tradition","url":"/works/sts-cosmas-and-damian/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sts-cosmas-and-damian:lesson:4","title":"Surgical patronage dignifies manual medicine","text":"Surgeons and barber-surgeons could claim Cosmas and Damian as holy predecessors. That patronage mattered in a culture where learned physicians, manual operators, and guilds competed for status.","work":"Sts. Cosmas and Damian: Physician Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; Byzantine miracle tradition","url":"/works/sts-cosmas-and-damian/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sts-roch-and-sebastian:lesson:1","title":"Epidemics need images as well as explanations","text":"Sebastian's arrows and Roch's bubo gave visible form to invisible plague. In a world without germ theory, images helped communities locate fear, blame, hope, and intercession.","work":"Sts. Roch and Sebastian: Plague Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; Francesco Diedo tradition; later plague devotion","url":"/works/sts-roch-and-sebastian/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sts-roch-and-sebastian:lesson:2","title":"The caregiver is also exposed","text":"Roch's legend does not keep the healer safely above disease. His own infection dramatizes the risk borne by nurses, clergy, family members, physicians, and neighbors during epidemic care.","work":"Sts. Roch and Sebastian: Plague Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; Francesco Diedo tradition; later plague devotion","url":"/works/sts-roch-and-sebastian/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sts-roch-and-sebastian:lesson:3","title":"Devotion and public health overlap","text":"Processions and confraternities were not bacteriology, but they were organized communal responses. Plague devotion belongs beside quarantine, hospital care, burial practice, and civic regulation in the social history of epidemic disease.","work":"Sts. Roch and Sebastian: Plague Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; Francesco Diedo tradition; later plague devotion","url":"/works/sts-roch-and-sebastian/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sts-roch-and-sebastian:lesson:4","title":"Plague stories remember social triage","text":"These legends encode who is touched, avoided, fed, isolated, or honored. They are therefore evidence not only for belief but for the social sorting that epidemics force on frightened communities.","work":"Sts. Roch and Sebastian: Plague Saints","author":"Jacobus de Voragine; Francesco Diedo tradition; later plague devotion","url":"/works/sts-roch-and-sebastian/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"stuart-little:lesson:1","title":"Small does not mean less","text":"Stuart is two inches tall in a city built for people, yet he wins a boat race, teaches a class and drives across the country. White never pretends his size is no difficulty; he shows a small person meeting large difficulties with courage and good manners.","work":"Stuart Little","author":"E. B. White","url":"/works/stuart-little/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"stuart-little:lesson:2","title":"Friendship that goes looking","text":"Margalo saves Stuart from the garbage scow, and when she disappears he leaves home to find her. The whole second half of the book is a search made out of loyalty to a friend.","work":"Stuart Little","author":"E. B. White","url":"/works/stuart-little/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"stuart-little:lesson:3","title":"Disappointment and keeping on","text":"The canoe evening with Harriet goes wrong, and Stuart's sulking makes it worse. The next morning he is on the road again. The book lets a hero be disappointed and even foolish, and still shows him choosing to go on.","work":"Stuart Little","author":"E. B. White","url":"/works/stuart-little/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"stuart-little:lesson:4","title":"An ending that points forward","text":"White ends with Stuart still searching. The last chapter is about direction and hope rather than arrival, which leaves readers to imagine what comes next.","work":"Stuart Little","author":"E. B. White","url":"/works/stuart-little/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"studies-on-hysteria:lesson:1","title":"Studies on Hysteria teaches historical caution","text":"Studies on Hysteria rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"Studies on Hysteria","author":"Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/studies-on-hysteria/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"studies-on-hysteria:lesson:2","title":"Studies on Hysteria links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"Studies on Hysteria","author":"Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/studies-on-hysteria/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"studies-on-hysteria:lesson:3","title":"Studies on Hysteria complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"Studies on Hysteria","author":"Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/studies-on-hysteria/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"studies-on-hysteria:lesson:4","title":"Studies on Hysteria warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"Studies on Hysteria","author":"Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/studies-on-hysteria/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"summa-theologica:lesson:1","title":"State the opposing case at its strongest","text":"Every article begins with objections to Aquinas's own view, often powerful ones, such as the argument from evil against God's existence. Only then does he answer. The method is a lasting model of intellectual fairness and of thinking against oneself.","work":"Summa Theologica","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/summa-theologica/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"summa-theologica:lesson:2","title":"Grace perfects nature rather than replacing it","text":"Aquinas holds that revelation completes rather than abolishes reason, so philosophy, natural science and medicine have their own integrity within theology. This principle let him absorb Aristotle and gave later Catholic thought a framework for engaging science.","work":"Summa Theologica","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/summa-theologica/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"summa-theologica:lesson:3","title":"The soul is the form of the body","text":"Against the Platonic view that a person is a soul using a body, Aquinas argues that the intellectual soul is the single form of the human being. Thinking always needs sense images and the brain, so injury, sleep or illness can impair understanding, while the soul itself is not reducible to matter.","work":"Summa Theologica","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/summa-theologica/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"summa-theologica:lesson:4","title":"Influence without necessity","text":"Aquinas grants that heavenly bodies, humours and even angels and demons can move the passions and imagination, but denies that they compel the will. Most people follow their passions, so predictions about groups often come true, yet any individual can resist. The argument anticipates modern debates about biological influence and responsibility.","work":"Summa Theologica","author":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"/works/summa-theologica/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"surprised-by-joy:lesson:1","title":"Longing as a signpost","text":"Lewis's Joy is a desire that no earthly object satisfies: the toy garden, Squirrel Nutkin's autumn, the Norse North. He spent years mistaking the feeling itself, or its images, for what it pointed to. His conclusion is that such longing is a signpost toward God, valuable for where it directs us rather than in itself.","work":"Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/surprised-by-joy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"surprised-by-joy:lesson:2","title":"Honest thinking leads somewhere","text":"Kirkpatrick taught Lewis to test every claim by reason, and Lewis remained an atheist under him. Yet the same habit of honest argument, applied to his own beliefs at Oxford, gradually removed his objections to God. The book shows that faithful reasoning and faith need not be enemies.","work":"Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/surprised-by-joy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"surprised-by-joy:lesson:3","title":"Grief and the loss of a child's world","text":"Lewis writes that with his mother's death all settled happiness disappeared from his life. He describes the brothers drawing closer as their father struggled in grief. The memoir treats early sorrow plainly and shows how it shaped a whole life.","work":"Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/surprised-by-joy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"surprised-by-joy:lesson:4","title":"The surrender of the will","text":"Lewis presents his conversion not as a search that succeeded but as a pursuit in which God closed in on a reluctant man. He describes kneeling in 1929 as giving in, not as triumph. Humility, in his account, comes before understanding.","work":"Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/surprised-by-joy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sweatt-v-painter:lesson:1","title":"Measuring equality in a law school","text":"Vinson's opinion first compares what can be counted, such as professors, volumes and courses, and then turns to reputation, alumni and tradition. By ruling that those intangible qualities count in judging equality, the Court made it very difficult for a newly founded separate school to match an established one.","work":"Sweatt v. Painter","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sweatt-v-painter/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sweatt-v-painter:lesson:2","title":"Learning law among the people it serves","text":"The Court reasoned that law is learned in conversation with classmates, practitioners and the public. A school that drew from only a small part of the population would leave its students unprepared for the courtrooms and offices where they would practice, so isolation was itself a form of inequality.","work":"Sweatt v. Painter","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sweatt-v-painter/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sweatt-v-painter:lesson:3","title":"Deciding no more than the case requires","text":"Vinson opens by stating the principle that the Court decides constitutional questions only as far as necessary. Although both sides argued about Plessy v. Ferguson, the Court ordered Sweatt's admission without overruling it, a restraint that left the larger question for Brown four years later.","work":"Sweatt v. Painter","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sweatt-v-painter/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"sweatt-v-painter:lesson:4","title":"Rights that are personal and present","text":"Following Gaines and Sipuel, the Court treated the right to equal education as belonging to Sweatt himself and as owed immediately. A promise that a separate school would someday become equal could not satisfy a student applying now.","work":"Sweatt v. Painter","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/sweatt-v-painter/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tacitus-the-histories:lesson:1","title":"An emperor could be made elsewhere than at Rome","text":"Tacitus locates the crisis of 69 in a discovery: armies in the provinces could choose a ruler. Each new emperor in the Histories owes his throne to soldiers, and each finds that the same soldiers expect pay and indulgence. The book traces how authority grounded in force must keep purchasing loyalty.","work":"The Histories","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/tacitus-the-histories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tacitus-the-histories:lesson:2","title":"Character is tested by power","text":"The obituary sketches of Galba, Otho and Vitellius ask how the same man appears before and after rule. Galba seemed fit to reign until he reigned; Otho, a figure of Nero's court, earns praise by his death; Vespasian improves on the throne. Tacitus treats office as a revealer of character rather than a maker of it.","work":"The Histories","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/tacitus-the-histories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tacitus-the-histories:lesson:3","title":"The historian's own position","text":"The preface admits that Tacitus owed his career to the Flavians and promises to write without love or hatred. Readers can watch how a senator writing under Trajan judges soldiers, crowds, freedmen, provincials and foreign peoples. Knowing the historian's standpoint helps students weigh his vivid judgments as evidence.","work":"The Histories","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/tacitus-the-histories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tacitus-the-histories:lesson:4","title":"Rome argues for its own rule","text":"In Book IV Civilis speaks for Batavian liberty and Cerialis answers that peace among the tribes requires troops, troops require pay, and pay requires taxes. Tacitus gives both sides strong speeches, letting readers hear how Romans and their subjects each understood the empire.","work":"The Histories","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/tacitus-the-histories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tales-from-shakespeare:lesson:1","title":"Flattery and true love","text":"Goneril and Regan win their father's kingdom with fine words, while Cordelia, who loves him most, will only say she loves him as a daughter should. The tale shows that loud promises can hide empty hearts, and that plain honesty may cost a great deal before it is proved true.","work":"Tales from Shakespeare","author":"Charles and Mary Lamb","url":"/works/tales-from-shakespeare/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tales-from-shakespeare:lesson:2","title":"Mercy is greater than the letter of the law","text":"Portia tells Shylock that mercy blesses the one who gives it and the one who receives it, and that earthly power is most like God's when mercy softens justice. When Shylock will not show mercy, the same strict law he relied on turns against him.","work":"Tales from Shakespeare","author":"Charles and Mary Lamb","url":"/works/tales-from-shakespeare/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tales-from-shakespeare:lesson:3","title":"Forgiveness after long sorrow","text":"Several tales end with forgiveness after years of grief: Prospero pardons his brother, Hermione forgives Leontes, and Pericles finds the wife and daughter he thought were lost. Mary Lamb's comedies show that wrongs can be repaired, though often only after patience and repentance.","work":"Tales from Shakespeare","author":"Charles and Mary Lamb","url":"/works/tales-from-shakespeare/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tales-from-shakespeare:lesson:4","title":"Guilt that will not let a person rest","text":"After he kills Duncan, Macbeth hears a voice crying that he has murdered sleep, and his crime only leads to more crimes. Charles Lamb keeps Shakespeare's picture of a conscience that a king's crown cannot quiet.","work":"Tales from Shakespeare","author":"Charles and Mary Lamb","url":"/works/tales-from-shakespeare/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tanglewood-tales:lesson:1","title":"The monster within","text":"When Theseus finds the Minotaur, Hawthorne stops the story to tell his young listeners that anyone who lets evil into his nature becomes a kind of Minotaur, lonely and an enemy to others. Circe's palace makes the same point comically: the greedy sailors become the pigs they already resembled.","work":"Tanglewood Tales","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/tanglewood-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tanglewood-tales:lesson:2","title":"Faithful to family","text":"Cadmus stays with his weary mother when others stop searching, Thasus keeps a fire and a bed ready for Europa all his life, and Ariadne will not leave her old father even for Theseus. Hawthorne fills these tales with children who love and honor their parents.","work":"Tanglewood Tales","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/tanglewood-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tanglewood-tales:lesson:3","title":"Small in body, great in soul","text":"The Pygmies are no bigger than a finger, yet they challenge Hercules himself. Hercules laughs, but he also honors their courage and goes away rather than hurt them. Courage is measured by the heart, not by size.","work":"Tanglewood Tales","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/tanglewood-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tanglewood-tales:lesson:4","title":"Promises and small mistakes","text":"Theseus forgets to change the black sails, and Proserpina tastes a few pomegranate seeds; both small lapses bring great sorrow. The tales show children that a promise or a rule can matter more than it seems at the time.","work":"Tanglewood Tales","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/tanglewood-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism:lesson:1","title":"Economics was once a branch of ethics","text":"Tawney shows that medieval and early Reformation writers judged prices, loans and wages by moral law and the common good, and that the idea of an autonomous economy governed by its own laws is comparatively recent. Readers learn to see that the boundaries between religion and economics have a history.","work":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","author":"R. H. Tawney","url":"/works/tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism:lesson:2","title":"The calling and the economic virtues","text":"Puritan preachers taught that every Christian must labour diligently in a lawful calling chosen before God, and Tawney credits this teaching with forming habits of industry, thrift and sobriety. He also argues that over time the same teaching could make success a mark of virtue and poverty a mark of fault.","work":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","author":"R. H. Tawney","url":"/works/tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism:lesson:3","title":"History is more tangled than any single thesis","text":"Against a simple reading of Weber, Tawney insists that Puritanism contained both a collectivist discipline and an individualism, and that economic change shaped religious thought as much as the reverse. He models careful historical judgment about causes.","work":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","author":"R. H. Tawney","url":"/works/tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism:lesson:4","title":"Judging the past by its aims","text":"Tawney grants that medieval discipline was often corrupt in practice, but asks that people be judged by their reach as well as their grasp. He treats the old moralists with respect while recording their failures.","work":"Religion and the Rise of Capitalism","author":"R. H. Tawney","url":"/works/tawney-religion-and-the-rise-of-capitalism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tear-down-this-wall:lesson:1","title":"Naming the test of sincerity","text":"Reagan does not dismiss Gorbachev's reforms or simply praise them. He lists what has changed, asks whether the changes are real or cosmetic, and then names a single public act that would settle the question. The method teaches that claims of reform are best judged by a concrete deed that cannot be faked.","work":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/tear-down-this-wall/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tear-down-this-wall:lesson:2","title":"A wall as an argument","text":"The speech uses the wall standing behind the speaker as its chief piece of evidence. A government that must fence its own citizens in has already answered the question of which system people prefer, and Reagan lets the concrete, the guard towers, and the closed gate make that case before he draws the conclusion that freedom is the victor.","work":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/tear-down-this-wall/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tear-down-this-wall:lesson:3","title":"What keeps a people going","text":"Near the end Reagan asks why West Berliners stay in a city surrounded by a hostile state and answers that it is not stubbornness or sentiment but love. He then links that love to worship, pointing to the cross the sun makes on the atheist state's television tower. The speech locates the strength of a free people in their affections and their faith, not only in their economy or their arms.","work":"Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)","author":"Ronald Reagan","url":"/works/tear-down-this-wall/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tennyson-ulysses:lesson:1","title":"Life is more than breathing","text":"Ulysses refuses to rust unburnished and insists that every hour saved from death should bring something new. The poem gives a powerful voice to the conviction that a human life is measured by its use and striving rather than by its length.","work":"Ulysses","author":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","url":"/works/tennyson-ulysses/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tennyson-ulysses:lesson:2","title":"Two callings, one household","text":"The middle section sets the father's vocation of adventure beside the son's vocation of patient government. Ulysses calls Telemachus blameless and fitted for the useful and the good, then says he works his work, I mine. The poem invites readers to weigh the heroic and the domestic as different kinds of duty.","work":"Ulysses","author":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","url":"/works/tennyson-ulysses/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tennyson-ulysses:lesson:3","title":"Courage in old age","text":"Ulysses and his mariners are old and weakened by time and fate, yet he insists that something ere the end may yet be done. Written by a grieving young poet, the poem turns loss into resolution, and its closing line has become a motto for perseverance.","work":"Ulysses","author":"Alfred, Lord Tennyson","url":"/works/tennyson-ulysses/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"testament-of-youth:lesson:1","title":"War from the home front and the hospital","text":"Brittain shows a war experienced through letters, telegrams and hospital wards. Her memoir widened the canon of war writing beyond the soldier's trench narrative.","work":"Testament of Youth","author":"Vera Brittain","url":"/works/testament-of-youth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"testament-of-youth:lesson:2","title":"Grief that changes a life's direction","text":"Successive losses lead Brittain from patriotic sacrifice to pacifism and feminist activism. The book shows how private grief can become public purpose.","work":"Testament of Youth","author":"Vera Brittain","url":"/works/testament-of-youth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"testament-of-youth:lesson:3","title":"The lost generation of women","text":"Brittain insists that women too were a war generation, deprived of partners and futures. Her account of postwar Oxford reveals the isolation of the survivor.","work":"Testament of Youth","author":"Vera Brittain","url":"/works/testament-of-youth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"that-hideous-strength:lesson:1","title":"The pull of the inner ring","text":"Mark does almost nothing evil by decision; he slides from one small compromise to the next because he wants to be inside whatever circle is nearest. Lewis shows that the desire to belong, when it governs a man, makes him useful to anyone who offers him a seat at the table, and that Mark's recovery begins only when he refuses something outright.","work":"That Hideous Strength","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/that-hideous-strength/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"that-hideous-strength:lesson:2","title":"Science without the moral law","text":"The preface ties the novel to The Abolition of Man: the N.I.C.E. treats human nature, animals and even death as raw material to be reshaped. Lewis does not attack science as such; the decent chemist Hingest leaves Belbury in disgust. The novel's target is knowledge pursued as power by men who have discarded the idea of objective good.","work":"That Hideous Strength","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/that-hideous-strength/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"that-hideous-strength:lesson:3","title":"Marriage, obedience and humility","text":"The book opens with Jane recalling the marriage service and ends with her walking down the garden to Mark. Both spouses must lose a proud self-sufficiency: Jane her fear of being invaded by anyone, Mark his habit of seeing his wife as a possession or an audience. The Director's counsel on obedience is presented as a mutual, shifting order, not a drill.","work":"That Hideous Strength","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/that-hideous-strength/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"that-hideous-strength:lesson:4","title":"Babel and its reversal","text":"The title comes from a Scottish poem about the Tower of Babel, and the climax repeats Babel's judgement: the Institute that sought to master everything can no longer understand its own speech. The small household at St Anne's, which waits and obeys, is given the power to act.","work":"That Hideous Strength","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/that-hideous-strength/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-adventures-of-pinocchio:lesson:1","title":"Promises are kept in deeds, not in good feelings","text":"Pinocchio repeatedly weeps, resolves to be good, and runs off again the same day, as when he sells the spelling book Geppetto bought with his coat. Only in the last chapter, when he draws a hundred buckets of water every morning for his father's milk, does a resolution become a habit. Collodi shows that a changed heart is proved by steady work over months.","work":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","author":"Carlo Collodi","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-pinocchio/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-adventures-of-pinocchio:lesson:2","title":"Easy riches and easy pleasures are traps","text":"The Field of Wonders promises two thousand gold pieces for burying four, and the Land of Toys promises a year of Saturdays. Both are offered by smiling strangers, and both end with Pinocchio poorer and worse off: jailed for being robbed, and turned into a donkey for doing nothing but play.","work":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","author":"Carlo Collodi","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-pinocchio/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-adventures-of-pinocchio:lesson:3","title":"A father's love goes ahead of the son's repentance","text":"Geppetto forgives Pinocchio for his first escape before he asks, gives him his breakfast, sells his coat in winter, and later sets out to sea to find him. When Pinocchio finds him inside the Shark, the old man asks only whether this is really his own dear boy. The book's happiest scene is a reunion of father and son.","work":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","author":"Carlo Collodi","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-pinocchio/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-adventures-of-pinocchio:lesson:4","title":"Lies grow and good advice is often unwelcome","text":"Pinocchio's nose grows with each lie until he cannot turn around in the room, and the Fairy tells him that lies are easy to spot. The Talking Cricket is right about everything and is killed for saying so, yet his warnings follow Pinocchio until the end.","work":"The Adventures of Pinocchio","author":"Carlo Collodi","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-pinocchio/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes:lesson:1","title":"Seeing and observing","text":"In the first story Holmes tells Watson that he has climbed the stairs to their rooms hundreds of times without knowing there are seventeen steps. Across the collection Holmes reads a man's trade from his hands, a stranger's history from his hat, and a crime from a bell-rope that rings nothing. Attention is a discipline that can be practised.","work":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes:lesson:2","title":"Facts first, then theories","text":"Holmes warns that a detective who theorizes too early begins to bend the facts to fit. In The Beryl Coronet everyone, including the boy's own father, decides Arthur Holder is guilty because he was found holding the coronet; Holmes reads the footprints in the snow and finds the truth was the opposite.","work":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes:lesson:3","title":"Justice and mercy are not always the same as the law","text":"Holmes sometimes lets a guilty person go: the dying John Turner in Boscombe Valley, and James Ryder at Christmas in The Blue Carbuncle. He also admits failure in The Five Orange Pips and is beaten fairly by Irene Adler. The stories ask when mercy serves justice better than prosecution.","work":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes:lesson:4","title":"Respectable masks","text":"Many villains in these stories wear respectable faces: a stepfather pretending to be a suitor, a doctor and landowner who is a murderer, a country gentleman who keeps his daughter prisoner, a baronet's son who is a thief. Doyle has Holmes say that the quiet countryside can hide as much sin as any London alley.","work":"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-sherlock-holmes/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-adventures-of-tom-sawyer:lesson:1","title":"The psychology of desire","text":"The fence-whitewashing episode shows how perceived scarcity and status make people want things. Twain turns a boy's trick into a comic lesson in human behaviour.","work":"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-tom-sawyer/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-adventures-of-tom-sawyer:lesson:2","title":"Conscience against fear","text":"Tom's guilt over Muff Potter grows until he breaks his oath and testifies. The book shows a boy's moral development under the pressure of fear.","work":"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-tom-sawyer/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-adventures-of-tom-sawyer:lesson:3","title":"Satire of respectability","text":"Through Sunday school, revivals, patent medicines and the town's sentimentality, Twain satirizes adult piety and pretension while celebrating childhood freedom. The book's racial language and its portrait of Injun Joe belong to its antebellum Missouri setting and to Twain's own day.","work":"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-adventures-of-tom-sawyer/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-aeneid:lesson:1","title":"Founding stories remember their victims","text":"The poem glorifies Rome while making readers feel the dead left behind. Empire’s origin is both providential and mournful.","work":"The Aeneid","author":"Virgil","url":"/works/the-aeneid/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-aeneid:lesson:2","title":"Duty can damage the dutiful","text":"Aeneas obeys fate, but obedience does not leave him whole. The final killing shows duty and rage entangled.","work":"The Aeneid","author":"Virgil","url":"/works/the-aeneid/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-aeneid:lesson:3","title":"Grief becomes historical force","text":"Dido’s curse, Trojan memory and Italian mourning shape future conflict. Personal pain becomes geopolitical destiny.","work":"The Aeneid","author":"Virgil","url":"/works/the-aeneid/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-age-of-alexander:lesson:1","title":"Character shows in small things","text":"Plutarch argues that a jest or a gesture can reveal more than a battle. His method models attention to everyday behaviour as the key to understanding leaders.","work":"The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/the-age-of-alexander/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-age-of-alexander:lesson:2","title":"Power corrodes self-control","text":"Alexander's decline into suspicion and violence, Demetrius's dissipation and Pyrrhus's endless wars show how success breeds excess. Plutarch makes self-mastery the essential royal virtue.","work":"The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/the-age-of-alexander/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-age-of-alexander:lesson:3","title":"Philosophy and politics","text":"Dion's attempt to make Dionysius a philosopher and Phocion's austere integrity show the difficulty of bringing philosophical virtue into politics.","work":"The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/the-age-of-alexander/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-agricola-and-the-germania:lesson:1","title":"Virtue under tyranny","text":"Tacitus defends Agricola's quiet service against those who sought glorious martyrdom, arguing that great men can exist even under bad emperors. The work asks how to act ethically within a corrupt system.","work":"The Agricola and the Germania","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/the-agricola-and-the-germania/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-agricola-and-the-germania:lesson:2","title":"Empire seen from the other side","text":"Calgacus' speech gives voice to the conquered, condemning Roman rule in some of the most quoted words in Latin. Tacitus lets a Roman reader see empire as robbery.","work":"The Agricola and the Germania","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/the-agricola-and-the-germania/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-agricola-and-the-germania:lesson:3","title":"The uses and dangers of ethnography","text":"The Germania uses 'noble barbarians' to criticize Roman decadence. Its notion of German racial purity was later exploited by nationalists and Nazis, showing how ancient texts can be misused.","work":"The Agricola and the Germania","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/the-agricola-and-the-germania/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy:lesson:1","title":"Ordinary sorrow and clinical melancholy are not the same","text":"Burton distinguishes melancholy dispositions, which no mortal escapes, from melancholy as a settled disease of fear and sadness without cause. The distinction anticipates modern debates about where normal sadness ends and depressive disorder begins.","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy:lesson:2","title":"Writing as self-treatment","text":"Burton says he wrote of melancholy to be busy and avoid it, and his endless revision of the book reads as a lifelong therapeutic practice. The Anatomy is an early example of a sufferer turning his condition into a field of study.","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy:lesson:3","title":"Causes are many, and most of them are ordinary","text":"Alongside demons and stars, Burton lists diet, sleep, solitude, idleness, poverty, grief, ambition and too much study. His catalogue resembles a modern biopsychosocial account, in which habits, relationships and circumstances matter as much as bodily humours.","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy:lesson:4","title":"Every remedy has a dose","text":"Burton praises music, mirth and company, recommends opiates for sleeplessness, and calls tobacco a sovereign remedy and in the same breath a devilish ruin of body and soul. His pharmacology is humoral, but his sense that the same agent heals or harms by use is permanently relevant.","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-anatomy-of-melancholy:lesson:5","title":"Be not solitary, be not idle","text":"After half a million words, Burton reduces his advice to two precepts against isolation and inactivity. The simplicity of the conclusion, after so much learning, is both comic and genuinely wise, and it echoes modern behavioural activation and social prescribing.","work":"The Anatomy of Melancholy","author":"Robert Burton","url":"/works/the-anatomy-of-melancholy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-annals-of-imperial-rome:lesson:1","title":"Fear rewrites public speech","text":"Tacitus shows people speaking safely rather than truthfully. Political terror becomes a language disorder.","work":"The Annals of Imperial Rome","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/the-annals-of-imperial-rome/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-annals-of-imperial-rome:lesson:2","title":"Power enters the household","text":"Imperial politics is not confined to the senate or army. Marriage, adoption, maternity and inheritance become instruments of rule.","work":"The Annals of Imperial Rome","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/the-annals-of-imperial-rome/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-annals-of-imperial-rome:lesson:3","title":"Death can be staged by the state","text":"Forced suicide and exemplary punishment make the body a political message. Tacitus asks how dignity survives coerced endings.","work":"The Annals of Imperial Rome","author":"Tacitus","url":"/works/the-annals-of-imperial-rome/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-anti-federalist-papers:lesson:1","title":"Dissent can improve a constitution","text":"Anti-Federalist resistance helped force the Bill of Rights into the constitutional settlement. Losing an argument did not mean failing to shape the regime.","work":"The Anti-Federalist Papers","author":"Various","url":"/works/the-anti-federalist-papers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-anti-federalist-papers:lesson:2","title":"Scale changes accountability","text":"The writers worry that large republics distance rulers from the ruled. Their challenge remains relevant wherever institutions grow beyond ordinary comprehension.","work":"The Anti-Federalist Papers","author":"Various","url":"/works/the-anti-federalist-papers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-anti-federalist-papers:lesson:3","title":"Rights should not be assumed","text":"Their insistence on explicit protections reflects suspicion of good intentions and structural silence. Liberty must be named before it can be defended.","work":"The Anti-Federalist Papers","author":"Various","url":"/works/the-anti-federalist-papers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-antichrist:lesson:1","title":"The Antichrist teaches historical caution","text":"The Antichrist rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"The Antichrist","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-antichrist/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-antichrist:lesson:2","title":"The Antichrist links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"The Antichrist","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-antichrist/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-antichrist:lesson:3","title":"The Antichrist complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"The Antichrist","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-antichrist/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-antichrist:lesson:4","title":"The Antichrist warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"The Antichrist","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-antichrist/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-arabian-nights:lesson:1","title":"A story can save a life","text":"Scheherazade has no army and no weapon, only learning, courage and the power to make a listener want to know what happens next. The frame turns storytelling itself into an act of rescue for the girls of the kingdom.","work":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","author":"Andrew Lang (ed.)","url":"/works/the-arabian-nights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-arabian-nights:lesson:2","title":"Ingratitude and envy bring their own punishment","text":"The Greek king kills the physician who cured him and dies by the physician's poisoned book; the jealous sisters lose everything when the Talking Bird speaks. Again and again the tales show envy and ingratitude turning back on the one who harbours them.","work":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","author":"Andrew Lang (ed.)","url":"/works/the-arabian-nights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-arabian-nights:lesson:3","title":"Cleverness against brute power","text":"A small fisherman shuts a giant genie back in his jar by asking him to prove he fits; Sindbad gets the Old Man of the Sea drunk; the Princess of Bengal pretends to be mad. The weak survive by quick thinking rather than strength.","work":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","author":"Andrew Lang (ed.)","url":"/works/the-arabian-nights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-arabian-nights:lesson:4","title":"Riches are earned by hardship, and greed loses them","text":"Sindbad tells the envious porter that his wealth came through years of danger, and he shares it with him. Baba-Abdalla, who already had forty camels laden with treasure, loses his sight by demanding the dervish's last box of ointment.","work":"The Arabian Nights Entertainments","author":"Andrew Lang (ed.)","url":"/works/the-arabian-nights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-art-of-the-commonplace:lesson:1","title":"Art of the Commonplace: formed attention","text":"The Art of the Commonplace teaches students to slow down before judgment. tenth-grade students can use Berry to test modern assumptions about progress, consumption, education, and freedom against the claims of place","work":"The Art of the Commonplace","author":"Wendell Berry","url":"/works/the-art-of-the-commonplace/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-art-of-the-commonplace:lesson:2","title":"Art of the Commonplace: order and disorder","text":"The Art of the Commonplace makes order visible by showing what damages it. essay by essay, Berry challenges abstraction by returning arguments to farms, watersheds, tables, tools, neighbors, and inherited obligations","work":"The Art of the Commonplace","author":"Wendell Berry","url":"/works/the-art-of-the-commonplace/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-art-of-the-commonplace:lesson:3","title":"Art of the Commonplace: body and soul","text":"The Art of the Commonplace gives the medical lens a human scale. his medical relevance lies in public health broadly conceived: food systems, labor, ecological damage, loneliness, and the social conditions of flourishing","work":"The Art of the Commonplace","author":"Wendell Berry","url":"/works/the-art-of-the-commonplace/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-art-of-war-machiavelli:lesson:1","title":"Whoever lives by war needs war to continue","text":"Fabrizio's first argument is that a professional soldier must either wish for perpetual war or plunder in peace, and that mercenary captains prolong wars to keep their pay. Military organisation is a question of incentives, and a state that hires violence buys a permanent interest in disorder.","work":"The Art of War","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-art-of-war-machiavelli/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-art-of-war-machiavelli:lesson:2","title":"Imitate antiquity in hard things, not soft","text":"Sitting under the trees of a Renaissance garden, Fabrizio criticises those who copy the Romans in pleasant tastes rather than in discipline and civic sacrifice. The whole book is a programme for a selective, strenuous classicism aimed at institutions, not ornaments.","work":"The Art of War","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-art-of-war-machiavelli/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-art-of-war-machiavelli:lesson:3","title":"Health is a matter of command","text":"In Book VI the captain is responsible for siting camps away from marshes, providing shade, tents, fuel and clean water, timing marches to avoid heat and frost, and keeping soldiers exercised. A general who must fight disease and the enemy at once, Fabrizio says, has no remedy.","work":"The Art of War","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-art-of-war-machiavelli/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-art-of-war-machiavelli:lesson:4","title":"Getting the future wrong for the right reasons","text":"Machiavelli underrated artillery and overrated the Roman legion, and within decades gunpowder and fortification transformed war. Yet his insistence that armies reflect the political order that raises them proved durable. The book shows how a sound principle can coexist with mistaken predictions.","work":"The Art of War","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-art-of-war-machiavelli/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-art-of-war:lesson:1","title":"The best victory is the one that needs no battle","text":"Chapter III ranks strategies by how little destruction they require: frustrate the enemy's plans, then his alliances, then his armies, and only as the worst choice his walled cities. Force is a cost to be minimised, and a whole enemy state taken intact is the highest prize.","work":"The Art of War","author":"Sun Tzu","url":"/works/the-art-of-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-art-of-war:lesson:2","title":"Deception and formlessness","text":"Warfare is based on deception: appear weak when strong, distant when near, disordered when disciplined. The ideal army has no fixed shape for an opponent to read, adapting to circumstances as water adapts to ground.","work":"The Art of War","author":"Sun Tzu","url":"/works/the-art-of-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-art-of-war:lesson:3","title":"Temperament is a strategic vulnerability","text":"Chapter VIII lists five faults that ruin generals: recklessness, cowardice, a hasty temper, an excessive sense of honour, and over-solicitude for the men. Each is a virtue or feeling pushed too far, and each gives the enemy a lever to pull.","work":"The Art of War","author":"Sun Tzu","url":"/works/the-art-of-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-art-of-war:lesson:4","title":"Never fight from anger","text":"Chapter XII ends by insisting that no ruler should go to war because of rage or resentment. Feelings pass, but a ruined state and the dead are beyond recovery, so caution in starting wars is the foundation of keeping a country at peace.","work":"The Art of War","author":"Sun Tzu","url":"/works/the-art-of-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-art-of-war:lesson:5","title":"Information must come from people","text":"The chapter on spies rejects divination, analogy and calculation as sources of knowledge about the enemy's intentions. Only human agents provide foreknowledge, and the most valuable is the enemy's own spy turned to one's service.","work":"The Art of War","author":"Sun Tzu","url":"/works/the-art-of-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-arthashastra:lesson:1","title":"Statecraft as a science","text":"Kautilya treats government as a body of knowledge requiring precise administration, record-keeping and planning. The treatise shows an early, sophisticated vision of the bureaucratic state.","work":"The Arthashastra","author":"Kautilya","url":"/works/the-arthashastra/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-arthashastra:lesson:2","title":"Realism without illusions","text":"The circle of states and the use of spies, deception and secret killing show a frankly amoral approach to foreign policy. Yet the king's purpose is the welfare and security of his subjects.","work":"The Arthashastra","author":"Kautilya","url":"/works/the-arthashastra/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-arthashastra:lesson:3","title":"The disciplined ruler","text":"Before governing others, the king must govern himself: control the senses, avoid vices such as drinking, gambling and hunting, and keep to a demanding timetable. Self-mastery is the foundation of power.","work":"The Arthashastra","author":"Kautilya","url":"/works/the-arthashastra/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-bacchae-and-other-plays:lesson:1","title":"Denied forces return violently","text":"Pentheus tries to police Dionysus as if ecstasy were merely disorder. The play teaches that what a culture represses may return in more destructive form.","work":"The Bacchae and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/the-bacchae-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-bacchae-and-other-plays:lesson:2","title":"Seeing can be a trap","text":"Pentheus wants to see what is forbidden, and Dionysus uses that desire against him. Curiosity becomes exposure.","work":"The Bacchae and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/the-bacchae-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-bacchae-and-other-plays:lesson:3","title":"Ecstasy alters identity","text":"The bacchants become mothers, hunters, nurses and killers in rapid succession. Euripides makes identity fragile under ritual and group emotion.","work":"The Bacchae and Other Plays","author":"Euripides","url":"/works/the-bacchae-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-bears-on-hemlock-mountain:lesson:1","title":"Doing a big job while afraid","text":"Jonathan is not sure about the bears, but he goes because his mother needs the pot and has trusted him to bring it. When the bears really come, he does not drop the pot and run; he uses it to hide and stays still until help arrives. The book shows a small boy being brave by doing the job in front of him.","work":"The Bears on Hemlock Mountain","author":"Alice Dalgliesh","url":"/works/the-bears-on-hemlock-mountain/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-bears-on-hemlock-mountain:lesson:2","title":"Dawdling has a cost","text":"Jonathan enjoys Aunt Emma's cookies and her warm chair so much that he falls asleep, and then he forgets the very thing he came for. Because he starts home late, he has to cross the mountain in the dark. The story makes the lesson gently and without scolding: finish the errand before you rest.","work":"The Bears on Hemlock Mountain","author":"Alice Dalgliesh","url":"/works/the-bears-on-hemlock-mountain/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-bears-on-hemlock-mountain:lesson:3","title":"Grown-ups are not always right","text":"Everyone has told Jonathan that there are no bears on Hemlock Mountain, and the rhyme he says over and over makes the same promise. The bears are real. Jonathan learns that the people who love him can still be mistaken, and that he must keep his own eyes and ears open.","work":"The Bears on Hemlock Mountain","author":"Alice Dalgliesh","url":"/works/the-bears-on-hemlock-mountain/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-bears-on-hemlock-mountain:lesson:4","title":"A father who comes looking","text":"When Jonathan does not come home, his father and uncles go up the mountain in the dark to find him. Jonathan is alone under the pot, but he is not forgotten. The rescue shows a family that watches over its children and comes for them.","work":"The Bears on Hemlock Mountain","author":"Alice Dalgliesh","url":"/works/the-bears-on-hemlock-mountain/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-bhagavad-gita:lesson:1","title":"Act without clinging to outcomes","text":"Krishna's central counsel is to perform one's duty fully while relinquishing attachment to results. The teaching addresses anxiety about outcomes as a source of paralysis.","work":"The Bhagavad Gita","author":"Anonymous (attributed to Vyasa)","url":"/works/the-bhagavad-gita/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-bhagavad-gita:lesson:2","title":"Moral crisis as a beginning","text":"Arjuna's collapse is not dismissed; it opens the way to the whole teaching. The Gita treats doubt and despair as the occasion for wisdom.","work":"The Bhagavad Gita","author":"Anonymous (attributed to Vyasa)","url":"/works/the-bhagavad-gita/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-bhagavad-gita:lesson:3","title":"The problem of violence","text":"The text has been read as a literal call to righteous war and, by Gandhi among others, as an allegory of inner struggle. Its interpretation remains contested.","work":"The Bhagavad Gita","author":"Anonymous (attributed to Vyasa)","url":"/works/the-bhagavad-gita/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-bible:lesson:1","title":"The problem of suffering","text":"Job refuses the comforters' claim that suffering is always punishment. The book honours protest and leaves the question of innocent suffering open.","work":"The Bible","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-bible/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-bible:lesson:2","title":"Healing as social restoration","text":"Gospel healings often restore outcasts, lepers, the unclean, the possessed, to community. Illness in the Bible is social and religious as well as bodily.","work":"The Bible","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-bible/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-bible:lesson:3","title":"Wisdom about limits","text":"Ecclesiastes and the Psalms confront mortality and the fragility of human effort, offering not escape but a way to live within limits.","work":"The Bible","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-bible/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-birth-of-tragedy:lesson:1","title":"Greek serenity was built over an abyss","text":"Against the image of calm, noble Greeks, Nietzsche argues that their art was a response to unusually acute suffering. The Olympian gods and the clarity of Apollonian form are achievements of a people who knew Silenus's wisdom and needed beauty in order to live.","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-birth-of-tragedy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-birth-of-tragedy:lesson:2","title":"Two drives, neither sufficient alone","text":"The Apollonian without the Dionysian becomes empty form; the Dionysian without the Apollonian becomes unbearable frenzy. Tragedy is the moment when each gives the other shape and depth, and Nietzsche's later work keeps returning to the problem of holding them together.","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-birth-of-tragedy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-birth-of-tragedy:lesson:3","title":"The cost of believing knowledge can heal everything","text":"Socrates is criticised not for reasoning but for the optimistic faith that reason can fathom and correct existence. The book asks whether science, pursued to its limits, must eventually return to art and myth to make life bearable.","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-birth-of-tragedy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-birth-of-tragedy:lesson:4","title":"Knowledge that paralyses action","text":"Section 7 compares the Dionysian man to Hamlet: both have seen too deeply into the nature of things to act, and loathing overtakes them. Art intervenes as a healing enchantress through the sublime and the comic, which make horror and absurdity livable.","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-birth-of-tragedy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-birth-of-tragedy:lesson:5","title":"An author who argued with his own book","text":"The 1886 Attempt at Self-Criticism mocks the book's style and doubts its Wagnerism while defending its core insights. Reading the two together shows a thinker revising rather than abandoning early ideas, and models honest self-critique.","work":"The Birth of Tragedy","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-birth-of-tragedy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-black-arrow:lesson:1","title":"Revenge leaves a sorry taste","text":"The outlaws' rhyme promises a black arrow for every man who wronged them, and the arrows do their work. Yet at the end Dick, who had every cause for vengeance, spares Sir Daniel, and Ellis Duckworth, who kills him, asks Dick to pray for him. Stevenson lets the reader feel the justice of the outlaws' grievance and still judges forgiveness the better part.","work":"The Black Arrow","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-black-arrow/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-black-arrow:lesson:2","title":"Actions cannot be undone","text":"Dick steals the Good Hope to rescue Joanna, and the attempt costs the lives of innocent sailors and ruins Arblaster. When he buys the old man's life, Arblaster still will not forgive him. Dick learns that good intentions do not cancel consequences, and that a deed once done cannot be remedied by penitence alone.","work":"The Black Arrow","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-black-arrow/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-black-arrow:lesson:3","title":"Fighting needs a cause","text":"Dick fights bravely at Shoreby and is knighted, but Alicia tells him that war is noble only by its cause and that he has fought for credit and a wife. Sir Daniel, by contrast, changes sides whenever it suits him. The book asks readers to weigh loyalty, courage and purpose rather than admire courage alone.","work":"The Black Arrow","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-black-arrow/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-black-arrow:lesson:4","title":"Faithfulness to friends","text":"Dick will not leave Lawless to hang, though Earl Risingham calls the old rogue gallows-ripe, and Lawless repeatedly risks his life for Dick. Their unlikely friendship between a young gentleman and an old thief is one of the warmest things in the book.","work":"The Black Arrow","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-black-arrow/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-blue-fairy-book:lesson:1","title":"Choose and narrate","text":"A collection teaches selection: pick a tale, narrate it whole, then name its virtue or vice.","work":"The Blue Fairy Book","author":"Andrew Lang","url":"/works/the-blue-fairy-book/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-blue-fairy-book:lesson:2","title":"Enchantment has rules","text":"Gifts, curses, and deadlines bind characters; breaking faith has costs.","work":"The Blue Fairy Book","author":"Andrew Lang","url":"/works/the-blue-fairy-book/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-blue-fairy-book:lesson:3","title":"Kindness and envy","text":"Cinderella and kindred tales contrast humility with envious sisters.","work":"The Blue Fairy Book","author":"Andrew Lang","url":"/works/the-blue-fairy-book/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-borrowers:lesson:1","title":"Seeing the world from below","text":"Norton makes the familiar strange: a postage stamp becomes a portrait, a cotton reel a stool, a flight of stairs a mountain. Arrietty and the Boy each assume their own kind is the center of things, and their argument shows how much depends on where one stands.","work":"The Borrowers","author":"Mary Norton","url":"/works/the-borrowers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-borrowers:lesson:2","title":"Borrowing and stealing","text":"The borrowers insist that they borrow rather than steal, since they believe human things exist for their use. The Boy questions this, and Mrs Driver plainly calls them thieves. The book lets children turn over a real question about ownership and need without settling it for them.","work":"The Borrowers","author":"Mary Norton","url":"/works/the-borrowers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-borrowers:lesson:3","title":"Safety and freedom","text":"Homily wants the family hidden and safe; Arrietty longs for the sky and the grass outside the grating. The book honors both, showing that Arrietty's daring brings friendship and danger together and that her parents' caution has good reasons.","work":"The Borrowers","author":"Mary Norton","url":"/works/the-borrowers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-borrowers:lesson:4","title":"A story we cannot check","text":"Everything in the book reaches Kate through Mrs May, who heard it from her brother. The ending leaves Kate, and the reader, to weigh the evidence of the little notebook and decide whether to believe.","work":"The Borrowers","author":"Mary Norton","url":"/works/the-borrowers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-boxcar-children:lesson:1","title":"A family that refuses to be split up","text":"The children run from the bakery because the baker's wife would send Benny away from the others. Everything they do in the woods, from Henry's jobs to Jessie's careful housekeeping, serves the single aim of staying together.","work":"The Boxcar Children","author":"Gertrude Chandler Warner","url":"/works/the-boxcar-children/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-boxcar-children:lesson:2","title":"Making much out of little","text":"The Aldens furnish a home from a dump, cook meals from small purchases, and make a swimming pool from stones and a brook. The book delights in thrift and handiwork and makes ordinary chores feel like an adventure.","work":"The Boxcar Children","author":"Gertrude Chandler Warner","url":"/works/the-boxcar-children/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-boxcar-children:lesson:3","title":"Fearing the wrong person","text":"The children hide from their grandfather because they have heard he is unkind, but he turns out to be generous and loving. Warner shows how a fear built on hearsay can keep children from the help they most need.","work":"The Boxcar Children","author":"Gertrude Chandler Warner","url":"/works/the-boxcar-children/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-boxcar-children:lesson:4","title":"Honest work","text":"Henry earns the family's money by mowing, cleaning, and picking cherries for Dr. Moore, and he wins his race fairly. The children never steal or beg; they work and save.","work":"The Boxcar Children","author":"Gertrude Chandler Warner","url":"/works/the-boxcar-children/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-bronze-bow:lesson:1","title":"Hatred is a master, not a weapon","text":"Daniel believes his hatred of Rome gives him strength, but it drives him to cruelty toward his own sister and blinds him to Rosh's character. The novel shows hatred as something that rules the one who carries it, and Daniel is freed only when he gives it up.","work":"The Bronze Bow","author":"Elizabeth George Speare","url":"/works/the-bronze-bow/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-bronze-bow:lesson:2","title":"Choosing whom to follow","text":"Daniel serves two leaders: Rosh, who promises a sword, and Jesus, who will not take one up. By watching what each man does to the people around him, Daniel learns to judge leaders by their fruits rather than their slogans.","work":"The Bronze Bow","author":"Elizabeth George Speare","url":"/works/the-bronze-bow/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-bronze-bow:lesson:3","title":"A different kind of kingdom","text":"Daniel and many in Galilee expect a Messiah who will lead an army. Speare shows Jesus gently refusing that role and speaking of a kingdom that begins with forgiveness, which Daniel finds harder to accept than any battle.","work":"The Bronze Bow","author":"Elizabeth George Speare","url":"/works/the-bronze-bow/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-bronze-bow:lesson:4","title":"The cost of loyalty","text":"Samson's silent devotion and death, and Joel's and Thacia's faithfulness to the oath, show loyalty as something costly. Daniel learns that those who love him pay for his choices, which makes his choices weightier.","work":"The Bronze Bow","author":"Elizabeth George Speare","url":"/works/the-bronze-bow/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-brothers-karamazov:lesson:1","title":"Brothers Karamazov: formed attention","text":"The Brothers Karamazov teaches students to slow down before judgment. twelfth-grade readers can treat the novel as a summit of literary theology, psychology, and moral philosophy before graduation","work":"The Brothers Karamazov","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-brothers-karamazov/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-brothers-karamazov:lesson:2","title":"Brothers Karamazov: order and disorder","text":"The Brothers Karamazov makes order visible by showing what damages it. the novel ranges from monastery to tavern to courtroom, setting Ivan's rebellion, Alyosha's discipleship, Dmitri's passion, and Smerdyakov's nihilism against one another","work":"The Brothers Karamazov","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-brothers-karamazov/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-brothers-karamazov:lesson:3","title":"Brothers Karamazov: body and soul","text":"The Brothers Karamazov gives the medical lens a human scale. its medical material includes epilepsy, hysteria, alcoholism, trauma, patricidal obsession, suicidal despair, and the contagious psychology of families","work":"The Brothers Karamazov","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-brothers-karamazov/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-burgess-bird-book-for-children:lesson:1","title":"Attention as love","text":"Naming and watching birds is already a form of care for the given world.","work":"The Burgess Bird Book for Children","author":"Thornton W. Burgess","url":"/works/the-burgess-bird-book-for-children/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-burgess-bird-book-for-children:lesson:2","title":"Story before list","text":"Character memory makes facts stick without killing delight.","work":"The Burgess Bird Book for Children","author":"Thornton W. Burgess","url":"/works/the-burgess-bird-book-for-children/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-burgess-bird-book-for-children:lesson:3","title":"Neighbors, not trophies","text":"Birds are treated as orchard neighbors rather than prizes.","work":"The Burgess Bird Book for Children","author":"Thornton W. Burgess","url":"/works/the-burgess-bird-book-for-children/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories:lesson:1","title":"Knowledge as danger","text":"Lovecraft inverts the Enlightenment: to know the true nature of the universe is to lose one's mind. His tales dramatize the fear that science reveals human insignificance.","work":"The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories","author":"H. P. Lovecraft","url":"/works/the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories:lesson:2","title":"Horror built from documents","text":"'The Call of Cthulhu' assembles notes, newspaper clippings and testimony, creating dread through accumulation. The method shows how fragmented evidence can be more powerful than direct description.","work":"The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories","author":"H. P. Lovecraft","url":"/works/the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories:lesson:3","title":"Fear of the other","text":"Lovecraft's horror of hybridity and degeneration is inseparable from his racial prejudice, visible in the cult descriptions and in tales of corrupted bloodlines. Reading him critically means seeing how fear of contamination shapes the genre.","work":"The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories","author":"H. P. Lovecraft","url":"/works/the-call-of-cthulhu-and-other-weird-stories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-call-of-the-wild:lesson:1","title":"Adapt or perish","text":"Buck survives because he learns quickly: how to sleep under snow, how to break ice from his feet, how to obey the club without fawning. London shows endurance as intelligent adjustment, not mere toughness, and contrasts Buck with Curly, who did not know the rules, and with Hal, Charles and Mercedes, who would not learn them.","work":"The Call of the Wild","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/the-call-of-the-wild/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-call-of-the-wild:lesson:2","title":"Masters good and bad","text":"The book is a study of masters: the kindly Judge, the brutal dog breaker, the just couriers, the careless greenhorns, and Thornton, who treats his dogs as if they were his children. The dogs' work and lives depend on the character of the person holding the reins.","work":"The Call of the Wild","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/the-call-of-the-wild/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-call-of-the-wild:lesson:3","title":"Love that answers love","text":"Buck's devotion to Thornton is the one thing strong enough to hold him back from the wild. He risks his life in the rapids and against Burton, and Thornton refuses a fortune for him at the Eldorado Saloon.","work":"The Call of the Wild","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/the-call-of-the-wild/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-call-of-the-wild:lesson:4","title":"Pride in work","text":"Dave and Sol-leks change completely in harness, and Dave would rather die pulling than be cut out of the team. London shows the dignity of work done well even under hardship.","work":"The Call of the Wild","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/the-call-of-the-wild/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-canterbury-tales:lesson:1","title":"Character known by deeds","text":"The General Prologue judges each pilgrim by the fit between calling and conduct. The Parson and the Clerk are praised because their lives match their words; the Friar and Pardoner are exposed because theirs do not.","work":"The Canterbury Tales","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/the-canterbury-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-canterbury-tales:lesson:2","title":"Making a virtue of necessity","text":"Theseus closes the Knight's Tale by arguing that the First Mover has set limits on every life, and that wisdom accepts what cannot be avoided. The Knight's Tale teaches patience and order in a world of sudden loss.","work":"The Canterbury Tales","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/the-canterbury-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-canterbury-tales:lesson:3","title":"Beware of flattery","text":"Chanticleer is caught because he believes the fox's praise and closes his eyes; he escapes by using the fox's own vanity. The beast fable teaches humility and watchfulness through comedy.","work":"The Canterbury Tales","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/the-canterbury-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-canterbury-tales:lesson:4","title":"The road to the heavenly Jerusalem","text":"The pilgrimage frame and the Parson's closing treatise turn the journey to Canterbury into an image of life's journey to God. Even the bawdy and quarrelsome tales are set within that larger road.","work":"The Canterbury Tales","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/the-canterbury-tales/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-civil-war:lesson:1","title":"Starting a war while claiming to be its victim","text":"Caesar opens not with his army but with the Senate's refusal to hear him, the violation of tribunes and the injustice of his enemies. The book is a case study in how an aggressor constructs a narrative of defence, and in what such narratives choose to leave out, such as the Rubicon.","work":"The Civil War","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-civil-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-civil-war:lesson:2","title":"Clemency as strategy and as self-portrait","text":"Caesar releases Domitius at Corfinium, spares the Pompeian army at Ilerda and asks his men to spare citizens at Pharsalus. His mercy wins defections and contrasts with Pompeian executions, but it is also a political advertisement written for Roman readers.","work":"The Civil War","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-civil-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-civil-war:lesson:3","title":"Winning without battle","text":"At Ilerda Caesar refuses to attack an enemy he could defeat, choosing to cut off water and wait. He argues that a general should conquer by planning as much as by the sword, and that sparing his soldiers and fellow citizens is itself a victory.","work":"The Civil War","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-civil-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-civil-war:lesson:4","title":"Morale is a physical force","text":"Caesar criticises Pompey at Pharsalus for ordering his men to stand still, arguing that a natural ardour in soldiers should be kindled, not suppressed. Throughout the book shouting, rumour, speeches and shame decide outcomes as much as numbers.","work":"The Civil War","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-civil-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-collar:lesson:1","title":"Freedom is not the same as escape","text":"The speaker equates freedom with going abroad, as loose as the wind; the poem's ending shows him free only when he answers to the one who calls him. Herbert treats the rebellion with full sympathy and lets it speak at length before the single word that answers it.","work":"The Collar","author":"George Herbert","url":"/works/the-collar/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-collar:lesson:2","title":"The shape of a heart in revolt","text":"The uneven line lengths and scattered rhymes are the speaker's disordered mind made visible, and the regular closing quatrain is order restored. Form here is not decoration but part of the poem's meaning.","work":"The Collar","author":"George Herbert","url":"/works/the-collar/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-collar:lesson:3","title":"Sons, not slaves","text":"The speaker has been arguing as a servant who wants to be let go, but the voice calls him Childe. The ending changes the relationship he thought he was in, from a hired hand counting his wages to a son addressed by his father.","work":"The Collar","author":"George Herbert","url":"/works/the-collar/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-comedy-of-errors:lesson:1","title":"Who am I when no one knows me?","text":"Antipholus of Syracuse compares himself to a drop of water seeking another drop in the ocean: he feels he has lost himself in searching for his family. When everyone in Ephesus calls him by another man's life, he begins to doubt his own mind. The comedy shows how much our sense of self depends on being known by the people who love us.","work":"The Comedy of Errors","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-comedy-of-errors/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-comedy-of-errors:lesson:2","title":"Jealousy and patience in marriage","text":"Adriana and Luciana argue in Act 2 about whether a wife should bear her husband's absences patiently, and in Act 5 the Abbess draws out of Adriana how often she scolded him. Shakespeare treats Adriana's love sympathetically while showing that constant reproach can wound the person it is meant to hold.","work":"The Comedy of Errors","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-comedy-of-errors/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-comedy-of-errors:lesson:3","title":"Everyone is sure and everyone is wrong","text":"Each character judges by what he sees, and each judgment is reasonable and mistaken. The goldsmith, the wife, the Courtesan and Pinch all conclude that someone else is lying or mad. The play is a lesson in humility about appearances and in patience before passing judgment.","work":"The Comedy of Errors","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-comedy-of-errors/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-comedy-of-errors:lesson:4","title":"Mercy at sunset","text":"The day begins with a law that condemns Egeon for being born in the wrong city and ends with a reunited family and a pardon. The Duke cannot break the law at first, but the discovery of the truth opens the way for mercy without payment.","work":"The Comedy of Errors","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-comedy-of-errors/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-communist-manifesto:lesson:1","title":"Communist Manifesto: formed attention","text":"The Communist Manifesto teaches students to slow down before judgment. twelfth-grade readers can compare its rhetoric and anthropology with Aristotle, Aquinas, Catholic social teaching, and liberal rights traditions","work":"The Communist Manifesto","author":"Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels","url":"/works/the-communist-manifesto/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-communist-manifesto:lesson:2","title":"Communist Manifesto: order and disorder","text":"The Communist Manifesto makes order visible by showing what damages it. the pamphlet moves from sweeping historical narrative to class analysis, communist demands, rival socialist movements, and a final summons","work":"The Communist Manifesto","author":"Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels","url":"/works/the-communist-manifesto/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-communist-manifesto:lesson:3","title":"Communist Manifesto: body and soul","text":"The Communist Manifesto gives the medical lens a human scale. its medical relevance lies in social medicine: labor conditions, poverty, urbanization, family disruption, and the political diagnosis of suffering","work":"The Communist Manifesto","author":"Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels","url":"/works/the-communist-manifesto/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-conquest-of-gaul:lesson:1","title":"The third person as a weapon of persuasion","text":"Caesar never says 'I'. By narrating himself as 'Caesar', he makes self-interested reports look like neutral record, and the restraint of the style becomes evidence of the author's reliability. The Commentaries teach readers to notice how plainness can be the most effective rhetoric.","work":"The Conquest of Gaul","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-conquest-of-gaul/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-conquest-of-gaul:lesson:2","title":"Ethnography in the service of conquest","text":"The Book VI digressions on Druids and Germans are among the earliest accounts of these peoples, but they also justify Roman intervention by presenting Gauls as divided and superstitious and Germans as wild. Knowledge of the other and domination of the other proceed together.","work":"The Conquest of Gaul","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-conquest-of-gaul/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-conquest-of-gaul:lesson:3","title":"Siege as a contest of endurance and hunger","text":"Alesia shows war reduced to the question of who starves first. The Gauls debate cannibalism and expel non-combatants; the Romans refuse to feed them. Caesar narrates both decisions without comment, leaving the moral weight to the reader.","work":"The Conquest of Gaul","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-conquest-of-gaul/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-conquest-of-gaul:lesson:4","title":"Clemency and terror as alternating policies","text":"Caesar pardons some enemies and sells, kills or mutilates others, explaining each choice in terms of example and deterrence. The book shows how a reputation for mercy and a willingness to be cruel can be parts of a single calculated strategy.","work":"The Conquest of Gaul","author":"Julius Caesar","url":"/works/the-conquest-of-gaul/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-consolation-of-philosophy:lesson:1","title":"Consolation can begin with diagnosis","text":"Lady Philosophy does not merely soothe; she identifies false beliefs sustaining misery. Comfort requires truth.","work":"The Consolation of Philosophy","author":"Boethius","url":"/works/the-consolation-of-philosophy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-consolation-of-philosophy:lesson:2","title":"External goods cannot anchor the self","text":"Office, wealth and reputation can be taken away. The book asks what remains when fortune strips social identity.","work":"The Consolation of Philosophy","author":"Boethius","url":"/works/the-consolation-of-philosophy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-consolation-of-philosophy:lesson:3","title":"Freedom must survive foreknowledge","text":"The final argument protects responsibility within providence. Boethius refuses to make divine knowledge an excuse for passivity.","work":"The Consolation of Philosophy","author":"Boethius","url":"/works/the-consolation-of-philosophy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-cost-of-discipleship:lesson:1","title":"Grace that asks nothing is a counterfeit","text":"Bonhoeffer's distinction between cheap and costly grace argues that forgiveness detached from changed life becomes a licence for conformity. In 1937 the target was a church that could call itself justified while accommodating Nazism.","work":"The Cost of Discipleship","author":"Dietrich Bonhoeffer","url":"/works/the-cost-of-discipleship/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-cost-of-discipleship:lesson:2","title":"Obedience cannot be postponed until belief is complete","text":"The formula that only the believer obeys and only the obedient believe refuses the familiar sequence of first being certain and then acting. Bonhoeffer argues that faith is learned in the step taken.","work":"The Cost of Discipleship","author":"Dietrich Bonhoeffer","url":"/works/the-cost-of-discipleship/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-cost-of-discipleship:lesson:3","title":"The plain sense of the Sermon on the Mount","text":"Bonhoeffer resists every interpretation that turns turning the other cheek or loving enemies into inner attitudes or ideals for another age. The commands are to be done, which makes the book a challenge to Christian support for violence and revenge.","work":"The Cost of Discipleship","author":"Dietrich Bonhoeffer","url":"/works/the-cost-of-discipleship/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-cost-of-discipleship:lesson:4","title":"Community as a visible alternative","text":"The last part insists that the church must take up physical space in the world, with its own order and discipline, rather than being an inward association. Finkenwalde was Bonhoeffer's experiment in that visibility.","work":"The Cost of Discipleship","author":"Dietrich Bonhoeffer","url":"/works/the-cost-of-discipleship/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-count-of-monte-cristo:lesson:1","title":"Revenge exacts its own price","text":"Monte Cristo's plan works, but innocent people die along the way, and he is forced to doubt that he is God's instrument. The novel both indulges and questions the fantasy of perfect vengeance.","work":"The Count of Monte Cristo","author":"Alexandre Dumas","url":"/works/the-count-of-monte-cristo/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-count-of-monte-cristo:lesson:2","title":"Education as liberation","text":"In prison, Faria turns Dantès from a simple sailor into a learned man. Knowledge, not just treasure, makes his transformation possible.","work":"The Count of Monte Cristo","author":"Alexandre Dumas","url":"/works/the-count-of-monte-cristo/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-count-of-monte-cristo:lesson:3","title":"Institutions can be corrupted by individuals","text":"Villefort's abuse of the justice system shows how personal ambition can pervert law. The novel repeatedly asks whether human justice can ever be trusted.","work":"The Count of Monte Cristo","author":"Alexandre Dumas","url":"/works/the-count-of-monte-cristo/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-courage-of-sarah-noble:lesson:1","title":"Brave while afraid","text":"Sarah is frightened by wolves, by the Robinson children's tales and by being left behind, and she never stops being afraid. What she does is keep going: naming the sounds in the dark, staying at her post, and saying her mother's words to herself. The book teaches that courage is a choice made in the middle of fear.","work":"The Courage of Sarah Noble","author":"Alice Dalgliesh","url":"/works/the-courage-of-sarah-noble/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-courage-of-sarah-noble:lesson:2","title":"Neighbors who did not speak the same language","text":"Sarah expects enemies and finds friends. The Indian children learn English words from her and lead her to berries; Tall John helps build the house and calls her his daughter. Kindness crosses the barrier of language long before words do.","work":"The Courage of Sarah Noble","author":"Alice Dalgliesh","url":"/works/the-courage-of-sarah-noble/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-courage-of-sarah-noble:lesson:3","title":"A small girl doing a woman's work","text":"Sarah goes because she is needed: someone must cook for her father while he builds. She makes corn cakes, keeps the camp and looks after him, and her father says she keeps him from being afraid. Responsibility given to a child, and taken seriously, helps her grow.","work":"The Courage of Sarah Noble","author":"Alice Dalgliesh","url":"/works/the-courage-of-sarah-noble/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-courage-of-sarah-noble:lesson:4","title":"Prayer far from home","text":"Sarah reads her Bible in the empty camp and prays each night, even in Tall John's house, for her family and for the people caring for her. Her faith goes with her into the woods like her cloak.","work":"The Courage of Sarah Noble","author":"Alice Dalgliesh","url":"/works/the-courage-of-sarah-noble/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-cricket-in-times-square:lesson:1","title":"Friends who give up something","text":"Tucker loves his life savings more than almost anything, yet when Chester is in trouble over the two-dollar bill he hands it over. Harry, who wants Chester to stay, still helps him leave. Friendship in this book is measured by what each friend is willing to give.","work":"The Cricket in Times Square","author":"George Selden","url":"/works/the-cricket-in-times-square/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-cricket-in-times-square:lesson:2","title":"A gift used to help others","text":"Chester's music first saves him from Mama's anger and then rescues the Bellinis' failing newsstand. His talent is not something to show off but something that does good for the family that took him in.","work":"The Cricket in Times Square","author":"George Selden","url":"/works/the-cricket-in-times-square/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-cricket-in-times-square:lesson:3","title":"Fame is not the same as happiness","text":"At the height of his success Chester is tired and homesick. He chooses the quiet meadow over the crowds, and Mario, who loves him, lets him go. The book shows that doing what is right for a friend can mean giving him up.","work":"The Cricket in Times Square","author":"George Selden","url":"/works/the-cricket-in-times-square/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-cricket-in-times-square:lesson:4","title":"Country mouse and city mouse","text":"Chester sees the city with country eyes, and Tucker and Harry see the country only in Chester's stories. Each learns to admire the other's home without giving up his own.","work":"The Cricket in Times Square","author":"George Selden","url":"/works/the-cricket-in-times-square/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-death-of-ivan-ilyich:lesson:1","title":"The ordinary life examined","text":"Tolstoy's target is not crime but propriety: a life organized for comfort and approval rather than love. The story asks readers to examine their own 'correct' lives.","work":"The Death of Ivan Ilyich","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/the-death-of-ivan-ilyich/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-death-of-ivan-ilyich:lesson:2","title":"The cruelty of the lie","text":"The family's and doctors' refusal to acknowledge his dying isolates Ivan Ilyich more than the pain does. The story is a classic text on honest communication with the dying.","work":"The Death of Ivan Ilyich","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/the-death-of-ivan-ilyich/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-death-of-ivan-ilyich:lesson:3","title":"Care as presence","text":"Gerasim's holding of Ivan Ilyich's legs is a simple bodily kindness that eases pain. Tolstoy presents compassionate presence as the core of care.","work":"The Death of Ivan Ilyich","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/the-death-of-ivan-ilyich/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-descent-of-man:lesson:1","title":"The Descent of Man teaches historical caution","text":"The Descent of Man rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"The Descent of Man","author":"Charles Darwin","url":"/works/the-descent-of-man/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-descent-of-man:lesson:2","title":"The Descent of Man links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"The Descent of Man","author":"Charles Darwin","url":"/works/the-descent-of-man/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-descent-of-man:lesson:3","title":"The Descent of Man complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"The Descent of Man","author":"Charles Darwin","url":"/works/the-descent-of-man/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-descent-of-man:lesson:4","title":"The Descent of Man warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"The Descent of Man","author":"Charles Darwin","url":"/works/the-descent-of-man/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-divine-comedy:lesson:1","title":"Divine Comedy: formed attention","text":"The Divine Comedy teaches students to slow down before judgment. twelfth-grade readers can synthesize classical, biblical, medieval, political, poetic, and philosophical strands in one architectonic work","work":"The Divine Comedy","author":"Dante Alighieri","url":"/works/the-divine-comedy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-divine-comedy:lesson:2","title":"Divine Comedy: order and disorder","text":"The Divine Comedy makes order visible by showing what damages it. the poem moves from dark wood and moral confusion through guided descent, penitential ascent, and a final vision beyond ordinary speech","work":"The Divine Comedy","author":"Dante Alighieri","url":"/works/the-divine-comedy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-divine-comedy:lesson:3","title":"Divine Comedy: body and soul","text":"The Divine Comedy gives the medical lens a human scale. Dante is rich for the history of mind: despair, fear, grief, bodily torment, purgative healing, visionary states, and spiritual therapy structure the journey","work":"The Divine Comedy","author":"Dante Alighieri","url":"/works/the-divine-comedy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-door-in-the-wall:lesson:1","title":"The door in the wall","text":"Brother Luke teaches Robin that a closed path is not the end: if he follows the wall far enough, he will find a door. Reading, carving, swimming and music each become such a door for a boy who can no longer train as a knight. The book teaches children to look for what they can do rather than grieve only for what they cannot.","work":"The Door in the Wall","author":"Marguerite de Angeli","url":"/works/the-door-in-the-wall/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-door-in-the-wall:lesson:2","title":"Patience is learned","text":"At first Robin shouts at the friars and refuses food. Slowly, through small tasks and steady kindness, he learns to wait, to try again and to thank others. De Angeli shows patience as a skill that grows with practice.","work":"The Door in the Wall","author":"Marguerite de Angeli","url":"/works/the-door-in-the-wall/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-door-in-the-wall:lesson:3","title":"A different kind of knight","text":"Robin cannot ride into battle, but during the siege he risks his life to bring help. The book suggests that courage and service, not strong legs, make a knight's heart.","work":"The Door in the Wall","author":"Marguerite de Angeli","url":"/works/the-door-in-the-wall/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-door-in-the-wall:lesson:4","title":"Kindness to the helpless","text":"Brother Luke takes in a sick child whom everyone else has left, and the friars care for him without asking anything in return. The story shows the monastery as a place of mercy in a time of plague.","work":"The Door in the Wall","author":"Marguerite de Angeli","url":"/works/the-door-in-the-wall/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-dream-of-the-rood:lesson:1","title":"Christ as the willing young Hero","text":"The poet does not show Christ dragged to execution; he hastens with great courage and climbs the gallows to free mankind. In a warrior culture, this is how the poem makes the Passion legible as victory rather than defeat. The cross, not Christ, bears the visible suffering.","work":"The Dream of the Rood","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-dream-of-the-rood/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-dream-of-the-rood:lesson:2","title":"Obedience that costs everything","text":"The cross repeatedly says that it dared not bend or break, though it could have felled its foes. Its loyalty to the Lord means taking part in his death. The poem thus pictures a faithful thane whose obedience requires him to stand still while his lord is slain.","work":"The Dream of the Rood","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-dream-of-the-rood/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-dream-of-the-rood:lesson:3","title":"The instrument of shame becomes a sign of glory","text":"The poem's governing paradox is the transformation of a criminal's gallows into a jeweled beacon. The shifting vision of gold and blood at the opening teaches the reader to see both at once, much as Paul glories in the cross.","work":"The Dream of the Rood","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-dream-of-the-rood/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-eagle-of-the-ninth:lesson:1","title":"A son's duty to his father's name","text":"Marcus cannot bring his father back, but he can recover the standard his father died beside and learn the truth about the legion. His quest is an act of filial piety, undertaken at real risk, with no promise of reward.","work":"The Eagle of the Ninth","author":"Rosemary Sutcliff","url":"/works/the-eagle-of-the-ninth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-eagle-of-the-ninth:lesson:2","title":"From master and slave to friends","text":"Esca begins as a captive bought for Marcus, and the turning point comes when Marcus gives him his freedom and Esca stays by choice. The journey north reverses their places, for in Caledonia it is Esca who knows the tribes and the land.","work":"The Eagle of the Ninth","author":"Rosemary Sutcliff","url":"/works/the-eagle-of-the-ninth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-eagle-of-the-ninth:lesson:3","title":"Seeing the other side","text":"Sutcliff writes from inside Roman Britain but lets the British tribes keep their own dignity, gods and grievances. Cradoc, Esca, Cottia and Guern's adopted people show that the conquered are not simply enemies, and Marcus ends by choosing Britain as his home.","work":"The Eagle of the Ninth","author":"Rosemary Sutcliff","url":"/works/the-eagle-of-the-ninth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-eagle-of-the-ninth:lesson:4","title":"Courage after injury","text":"Marcus's wound takes away the career he was born for, and much of the middle of the book is about his discouragement and slow recovery. His later courage is that of a man who has lost something and found a new purpose, not a young soldier's untested daring.","work":"The Eagle of the Ninth","author":"Rosemary Sutcliff","url":"/works/the-eagle-of-the-ninth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-expression-of-the-emotions-in-man-and-animals:lesson:1","title":"The Expression of the Emotions in  teaches historical caution","text":"The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals","author":"Charles Darwin","url":"/works/the-expression-of-the-emotions-in-man-and-animals/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-expression-of-the-emotions-in-man-and-animals:lesson:2","title":"The Expression of the Emotions in  links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals","author":"Charles Darwin","url":"/works/the-expression-of-the-emotions-in-man-and-animals/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-expression-of-the-emotions-in-man-and-animals:lesson:3","title":"The Expression of the Emotions in  complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals","author":"Charles Darwin","url":"/works/the-expression-of-the-emotions-in-man-and-animals/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-expression-of-the-emotions-in-man-and-animals:lesson:4","title":"The Expression of the Emotions in  warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals","author":"Charles Darwin","url":"/works/the-expression-of-the-emotions-in-man-and-animals/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-faerie-queene:lesson:1","title":"Holiness is learned through falling","text":"Redcrosse is a saint in the making, not a finished one. He is fooled by Archimago, seduced by Duessa, and imprisoned by Orgoglio before he can slay the dragon. Spenser shows holiness as a path of repentance and growth rather than a quality the hero simply has at the start.","work":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","author":"Edmund Spenser","url":"/works/the-faerie-queene/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-faerie-queene:lesson:2","title":"Truth is one; falsehood is double","text":"Una's name means one, and Duessa's suggests two. Duessa wears borrowed beauty and a false name, Fidessa, while Una is veiled but unchanging. The allegory teaches readers to judge by fruits and constancy, not by first appearances.","work":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","author":"Edmund Spenser","url":"/works/the-faerie-queene/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-faerie-queene:lesson:3","title":"Answering despair","text":"In Canto IX Despair turns half-truths about sin and justice into an argument for suicide, and Redcrosse has no reply. Una answers with grace: the knight has a part in heavenly mercy, and justice is not the last word. The scene is a careful study of how despair reasons and how hope breaks its logic.","work":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","author":"Edmund Spenser","url":"/works/the-faerie-queene/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-faerie-queene:lesson:4","title":"Strength belongs to God","text":"The opening of Canto X tells the reader not to credit the knight's victory to his own skill. Arthur's rescue, the Well of Life and the balm of the Tree of Life all show that Redcrosse wins only when he is renewed from outside himself.","work":"The Faerie Queene, Book I","author":"Edmund Spenser","url":"/works/the-faerie-queene/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-fall-of-the-roman-republic:lesson:1","title":"How republics die","text":"The Lives show institutions eroding as generals command personal armies and politicians break norms for advantage. Each precedent, from Marius' consulships to Sulla's march on Rome, makes the next breach easier.","work":"The Fall of the Roman Republic: Six Lives","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/the-fall-of-the-roman-republic/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-fall-of-the-roman-republic:lesson:2","title":"Character and fortune","text":"Plutarch weighs talent, temperament and luck in each career. Sulla attributes his success to Fortune; Pompey's luck runs out; Caesar seizes chances. The Lives ask how far character determines fate.","work":"The Fall of the Roman Republic: Six Lives","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/the-fall-of-the-roman-republic/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-fall-of-the-roman-republic:lesson:3","title":"The orator and the sword","text":"Cicero's eloquence wins power but cannot defeat armies. His Life raises the question of what intellect and speech can do in a time of violence.","work":"The Fall of the Roman Republic: Six Lives","author":"Plutarch","url":"/works/the-fall-of-the-roman-republic/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-federalist-papers:lesson:1","title":"Institutions must expect ambition","text":"Publius does not assume public virtue will reliably restrain power. The constitutional system is designed because human motives are mixed and ambition must be made to check ambition.","work":"The Federalist Papers","author":"Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay","url":"/works/the-federalist-papers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-federalist-papers:lesson:2","title":"Scale can protect and distance","text":"Federalist 10 treats the extended republic as a remedy for faction. That scale may dilute coercive majorities, but it can also make government feel remote.","work":"The Federalist Papers","author":"Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay","url":"/works/the-federalist-papers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-federalist-papers:lesson:3","title":"Energy and liberty remain in tension","text":"Hamilton's essays insist that government must be strong enough to act. The challenge is to give power energy without letting it become domination.","work":"The Federalist Papers","author":"Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay","url":"/works/the-federalist-papers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-founding-documents:lesson:1","title":"Rights come before government","text":"The Declaration holds that rights are unalienable and that governments are instituted to secure them, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. Government is the servant of rights, not their source.","work":"The Founding Documents","author":"Continental Congress and United States Constitutional Convention","url":"/works/the-founding-documents/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-founding-documents:lesson:2","title":"Power needs design, not wishful thinking","text":"The Constitution assumes that ambition, faction, and abuse cannot be eliminated by virtue alone. Institutions are designed to channel power because human motives are mixed.","work":"The Founding Documents","author":"Continental Congress and United States Constitutional Convention","url":"/works/the-founding-documents/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-founding-documents:lesson:3","title":"Rights require interpretation","text":"The Bill of Rights names freedoms but does not settle every conflict among them. Constitutional liberty becomes a continuing practice of argument.","work":"The Founding Documents","author":"Continental Congress and United States Constitutional Convention","url":"/works/the-founding-documents/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-gay-science:lesson:1","title":"The Gay Science teaches historical caution","text":"The Gay Science rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"The Gay Science","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-gay-science/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-gay-science:lesson:2","title":"The Gay Science links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"The Gay Science","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-gay-science/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-gay-science:lesson:3","title":"The Gay Science complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"The Gay Science","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-gay-science/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-gay-science:lesson:4","title":"The Gay Science warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"The Gay Science","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/the-gay-science/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-giver:lesson:1","title":"A world without pain is a world without love","text":"The Community has given up snow, color, war and grief, and with them it has given up the deep feeling Jonas finds in the memory of the family Christmas. Lowry shows that sorrow and love come into the world together, and that a people protected from one loses the other.","work":"The Giver","author":"Lois Lowry","url":"/works/the-giver/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-giver:lesson:2","title":"Naming hides the truth","text":"The Community calls killing release, sends its unwanted to Elsewhere, and corrects children who use words loosely. Careful language is used to keep people from seeing what they do. Jonas's father is not cruel; he simply has never been given the words or the memories to understand his work.","work":"The Giver","author":"Lois Lowry","url":"/works/the-giver/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-giver:lesson:3","title":"Wisdom needs memory","text":"The Elders consult the Giver because only he remembers what happened when people chose badly before. A people that forgets its past cannot judge well, and one person carrying all the memory for everyone is lonely and overburdened.","work":"The Giver","author":"Lois Lowry","url":"/works/the-giver/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-giver:lesson:4","title":"Choosing costs something","text":"Jonas learns that choice is risky: people might choose wrong. Yet his own escape with Gabriel is a costly choice made for the sake of a life. Lowry places the value of freedom in the willingness to protect others, not in doing as one pleases.","work":"The Giver","author":"Lois Lowry","url":"/works/the-giver/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-golden-ass:lesson:1","title":"Curiosity needs discipline","text":"Lucius wants secret knowledge without preparation or reverence. The novel turns curiosity into bodily punishment.","work":"The Golden Ass","author":"Apuleius","url":"/works/the-golden-ass/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-golden-ass:lesson:2","title":"Embodiment changes moral vision","text":"As a donkey with human mind, Lucius sees cruelty from below. The transformation makes social violence physically unavoidable.","work":"The Golden Ass","author":"Apuleius","url":"/works/the-golden-ass/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-golden-ass:lesson:3","title":"Salvation may be sincere and comic","text":"The Isiac ending offers real deliverance but keeps traces of satire and cost. Apuleius refuses a purely simple conversion story.","work":"The Golden Ass","author":"Apuleius","url":"/works/the-golden-ass/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-great-gatsby:lesson:1","title":"A dream fixed on the past","text":"Gatsby builds his whole life to recover one month in Louisville in 1917, and when Nick warns that the past cannot be repeated, Gatsby cries that of course it can. The novel shows how a love turned into an idol cannot survive contact with the living person, who is smaller than the dream.","work":"The Great Gatsby","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/the-great-gatsby/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-great-gatsby:lesson:2","title":"Careless wealth","text":"Tom and Daisy retreat into their money after Myrtle's death and leave others to pay. Fitzgerald separates the old money of East Egg from Gatsby's new money, but the deeper contrast is between people who take responsibility and those who do not.","work":"The Great Gatsby","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/the-great-gatsby/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-great-gatsby:lesson:3","title":"A narrator who judges","text":"Nick opens by claiming he reserves judgments, yet the novel is full of his verdicts. Reading Gatsby well means weighing Nick's witness: what he admires, what he hides about his own part, and why he is glad he told Gatsby he was worth the whole bunch.","work":"The Great Gatsby","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/the-great-gatsby/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-great-gatsby:lesson:4","title":"Self-invention and its limits","text":"James Gatz invents Jay Gatsby out of a boyhood schedule of exercise and study, Dan Cody's yacht and an Oxford term after the war. The novel honors his discipline and imagination while showing how much of the new self rests on lies and crime.","work":"The Great Gatsby","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/the-great-gatsby/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-hiding-place:lesson:1","title":"Ordinary people and a righteous risk","text":"The ten Booms were an elderly watchmaker and his two middle-aged daughters, with no training for resistance. They began by opening their door to one frightened neighbor and found themselves running a hiding place. Their story shows how moral courage often grows out of long habits of hospitality and faith rather than from a single heroic decision.","work":"The Hiding Place","author":"Corrie ten Boom","url":"/works/the-hiding-place/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-hiding-place:lesson:2","title":"Truth-telling under tyranny","text":"The family wrestles openly with the lies, forged papers and stolen ration cards that underground work requires, while Nollie refuses to lie even to soldiers. The memoir does not settle the question but shows serious Christians disagreeing about it in good faith, which makes it a natural starting point for moral reasoning.","work":"The Hiding Place","author":"Corrie ten Boom","url":"/works/the-hiding-place/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-hiding-place:lesson:3","title":"Gratitude in the worst place","text":"In Ravensbrück Betsie insists on giving thanks for everything, including the fleas in their barracks, and Corrie cannot do it. Only later do they learn that the fleas kept the guards out, so that their Bible readings went undisturbed. The episode presents gratitude as an act of faith offered before its reasons are visible.","work":"The Hiding Place","author":"Corrie ten Boom","url":"/works/the-hiding-place/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-hiding-place:lesson:4","title":"Forgiveness that must be given","text":"Corrie preaches forgiveness after the war, but when a former Ravensbrück guard holds out his hand to her she finds she cannot feel it. She describes praying and taking his hand as an act of obedience, and then receiving the love she could not produce herself. The memoir ends on forgiveness as something received from God before it can be given to an enemy.","work":"The Hiding Place","author":"Corrie ten Boom","url":"/works/the-hiding-place/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-histories:lesson:1","title":"Call no one happy until the end","text":"Solon's warning to Croesus, that fortune is unstable and a life can only be judged when it is complete, frames the entire work. Human prosperity is precarious.","work":"The Histories","author":"Herodotus","url":"/works/the-histories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-histories:lesson:2","title":"Custom is king","text":"Herodotus records that Darius asked Greeks and Indians whether they would adopt each other's funeral customs, and both were horrified. His ethnography shows respect for cultural difference rare in his time.","work":"The Histories","author":"Herodotus","url":"/works/the-histories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-histories:lesson:3","title":"Inquiry and evidence","text":"Herodotus distinguishes what he saw, what he heard and what he believes, sometimes reporting stories he doubts. His method invented history as a critical discipline.","work":"The Histories","author":"Herodotus","url":"/works/the-histories/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-history-of-the-church:lesson:1","title":"Communities survive by preserving memory","text":"Eusebius builds continuity through lists, documents and martyr stories. History becomes institutional identity.","work":"The History of the Church","author":"Eusebius","url":"/works/the-history-of-the-church/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-history-of-the-church:lesson:2","title":"Suffering can be made meaningful","text":"Martyrdom turns pain into testimony, but the framing can also aestheticize violence. The work teaches both the power and danger of sacred memory.","work":"The History of the Church","author":"Eusebius","url":"/works/the-history-of-the-church/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-history-of-the-church:lesson:3","title":"Archives are arguments","text":"The long quotations look documentary, yet selection and arrangement interpret the past. Eusebius shows that citation is never neutral.","work":"The History of the Church","author":"Eusebius","url":"/works/the-history-of-the-church/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-history-of-the-peloponnesian-war:lesson:1","title":"Crisis tests political ideals","text":"The Funeral Oration and plague stand side by side. Thucydides teaches that a city’s values are known by what survives fear, crowding and death.","work":"The History of the Peloponnesian War","author":"Thucydides","url":"/works/the-history-of-the-peloponnesian-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-history-of-the-peloponnesian-war:lesson:2","title":"Power changes language","text":"In civil war, words like courage, moderation and loyalty shift meaning. Political collapse begins partly as semantic collapse.","work":"The History of the Peloponnesian War","author":"Thucydides","url":"/works/the-history-of-the-peloponnesian-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-history-of-the-peloponnesian-war:lesson:3","title":"Ambition needs limits","text":"The Sicilian Expedition shows strategic imagination turning into fantasy. Collective confidence can become a form of blindness.","work":"The History of the Peloponnesian War","author":"Thucydides","url":"/works/the-history-of-the-peloponnesian-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-hobbit:lesson:1","title":"Courage in an ordinary person","text":"Bilbo begins as a hobbit who wants nothing but his armchair and his teacups, yet his bravest act is walking alone down the tunnel toward Smaug. Tolkien shows courage growing through small decisions, from the spiders of Mirkwood to the barrels, until it becomes part of who Bilbo is.","work":"The Hobbit","author":"J. R. R. Tolkien","url":"/works/the-hobbit/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-hobbit:lesson:2","title":"The sickness of hoarded gold","text":"Smaug lies on gold he cannot use, and Thorin, once inside the Mountain, comes close to becoming like him. The book contrasts that grasping with Bard's fairness, Dain's generosity, and Bilbo's willingness to give away the Arkenstone for peace.","work":"The Hobbit","author":"J. R. R. Tolkien","url":"/works/the-hobbit/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-hobbit:lesson:3","title":"Pity and mercy","text":"In the dark under the Misty Mountains Bilbo has the chance to kill Gollum and does not, moved by a sudden pity for the creature's misery. The scene, sharpened in Tolkien's 1951 revision, plants the idea of mercy at the very moment Bilbo gains his greatest advantage.","work":"The Hobbit","author":"J. R. R. Tolkien","url":"/works/the-hobbit/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-hobbit:lesson:4","title":"Home and the road","text":"The subtitle There and Back Again names the shape of the book: Bilbo leaves home, is changed by the wide world, and comes back. He returns to find his spoons missing and his neighbours suspicious, but he is content, and the Shire looks different to him now.","work":"The Hobbit","author":"J. R. R. Tolkien","url":"/works/the-hobbit/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-horse-and-his-boy:lesson:1","title":"A hidden hand in hard things","text":"In the fog Aslan tells Shasta that the lions that frightened him, the cat at the tombs, and the lion who pushed his boat ashore as a baby were all Aslan. Events that felt like bad luck were care. The book teaches that providence is often seen only looking back.","work":"The Horse and His Boy","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-horse-and-his-boy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-horse-and-his-boy:lesson:2","title":"Pride and the cure for it","text":"Bree is proud of being a warhorse and fears looking silly in Narnia; Aravis is proud of her rank; Rabadash is proud past all reason. Bree is humbled when he flees the lion and the Hermit tells him he has lost only his self-conceit, Aravis by her wound and her apology, and Rabadash by becoming a donkey. Each gets the humbling he needs.","work":"The Horse and His Boy","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-horse-and-his-boy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-horse-and-his-boy:lesson:3","title":"Your own story","text":"When Shasta asks why Aslan wounded Aravis, Aslan says he tells each person only his own story. The same answer comes to Aravis later. Lewis shows that we are given what we need to know about our own lives, not a right to judge others'.","work":"The Horse and His Boy","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-horse-and-his-boy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-horse-and-his-boy:lesson:4","title":"Courage that turns back","text":"When the lion attacks Aravis, Shasta jumps off Bree and runs back with no sword to face it. The Hermit then sends him on to run again without rest. The book shows that courage often means doing the next hard thing when you are already tired.","work":"The Horse and His Boy","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-horse-and-his-boy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-hound-of-the-baskervilles:lesson:1","title":"A legend explained is a legend defeated","text":"The hound seems supernatural from the first manuscript to the night of the fog, and even Mortimer, a man of science, half believes it. Holmes refuses to accept a ghost before he has ruled out every natural cause, and the creature turns out to be a real dog painted with phosphorus by a real man. The novel shows that fear thrives on what is only hinted at, as the old manuscript itself admits.","work":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-hound-of-the-baskervilles/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-hound-of-the-baskervilles:lesson:2","title":"Watson alone","text":"For most of the book Holmes is absent, and Watson must observe, report, and act by himself. He makes mistakes, but his letters are honest and his courage in following the light on the moor and stalking the man on the tor is real. Holmes later admits that Watson's reports were essential, even though he kept Watson in the dark.","work":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-hound-of-the-baskervilles/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-hound-of-the-baskervilles:lesson:3","title":"The past in the blood?","text":"Holmes recognizes Stapleton in the portrait of the wicked Hugo and calls him a throwback, both physical and spiritual. Dr. Mortimer writes papers on atavism and covets Holmes's skull. The book plays with the late Victorian idea that character is inherited, but Stapleton still chooses every step of his plot, and Sir Henry, of the same blood, is honest and kind.","work":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-hound-of-the-baskervilles/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-hound-of-the-baskervilles:lesson:4","title":"Hidden kindness and hidden cruelty","text":"Many people on the moor are not what they seem. The sinister Barrymores are only protecting a brother; the friendly naturalist is a murderer; the 'sister' is a wife who has been beaten and bound. Doyle uses the fog and the bog to picture a world where appearances mislead, and only patient attention sorts the true from the false.","work":"The Hound of the Baskervilles","author":"Arthur Conan Doyle","url":"/works/the-hound-of-the-baskervilles/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-house-at-pooh-corner:lesson:1","title":"Making room for a newcomer","text":"Tigger arrives hungry and noisy, and the Forest tries one breakfast after another until Kanga finds the food that suits him. Milne shows hospitality as patient trial and error: the friends keep looking for what the newcomer needs instead of sending him away.","work":"The House at Pooh Corner","author":"A. A. Milne","url":"/works/the-house-at-pooh-corner/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-house-at-pooh-corner:lesson:2","title":"A brave thing done by a small animal","text":"Piglet is frightened of high places, yet he lets himself be pulled up to Owl's letter-box and squeezes out to fetch help. Courage here is not the absence of fear but doing the needed thing while afraid.","work":"The House at Pooh Corner","author":"A. A. Milne","url":"/works/the-house-at-pooh-corner/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-house-at-pooh-corner:lesson:3","title":"Giving up something you love","text":"When Eeyore offers Piglet's house to Owl, Piglet agrees and gulps twice because he has been happy there. Pooh answers his loss at once by inviting him home, so one generous act is met by another.","work":"The House at Pooh Corner","author":"A. A. Milne","url":"/works/the-house-at-pooh-corner/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-house-at-pooh-corner:lesson:4","title":"Plans to humble someone can backfire","text":"Rabbit wants to lose Tigger in the mist so that he will be small and sorry, but Rabbit is the one who ends up lost and is rescued by Tigger. The story teaches gently that trying to shrink a friend can teach the planner more than the friend.","work":"The House at Pooh Corner","author":"A. A. Milne","url":"/works/the-house-at-pooh-corner/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-house-at-pooh-corner:lesson:5","title":"Growing up without forgetting","text":"In the last chapter Christopher Robin is leaving the Forest for lessons and will not do Nothing so much. He asks Pooh to remember him and to understand, and the book ends by keeping the friendship safe in the Enchanted Place.","work":"The House at Pooh Corner","author":"A. A. Milne","url":"/works/the-house-at-pooh-corner/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-hundred-dresses:lesson:1","title":"Silence can be a wrong too","text":"Maddie never asks Wanda a cruel question herself. She only stands with Peggy and laughs, and the book makes plain that this was part of what drove Wanda away. Her resolution never again to stand by and say nothing is the moral turn of the story.","work":"The Hundred Dresses","author":"Eleanor Estes","url":"/works/the-hundred-dresses/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-hundred-dresses:lesson:2","title":"Too late to say sorry in person","text":"By the time the class learns the truth about the hundred dresses, Wanda is gone. Peggy and Maddie climb Boggins Heights and find an empty house. The book teaches that the chance to make things right can pass, so kindness should not be put off.","work":"The Hundred Dresses","author":"Eleanor Estes","url":"/works/the-hundred-dresses/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-hundred-dresses:lesson:3","title":"Answering unkindness with a gift","text":"Wanda could have stayed silent or sent an angry letter. Instead she writes warmly and asks that the two girls who teased her most be given drawings, with their own faces. Her gift shows forgiveness, and it changes Maddie more than any scolding could.","work":"The Hundred Dresses","author":"Eleanor Estes","url":"/works/the-hundred-dresses/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-hundred-dresses:lesson:4","title":"The hundred dresses were real","text":"The girls laughed because they thought Wanda was lying. In a way she was telling the truth: the dresses existed in her drawings, made with skill and care. The story asks readers to look past a faded dress and an unfamiliar name to the gifts a quiet person may have.","work":"The Hundred Dresses","author":"Eleanor Estes","url":"/works/the-hundred-dresses/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-idiot:lesson:1","title":"The positively good man in a fallen world","text":"Dostoevsky set out to portray a wholly good man and placed him among people driven by money, pride and passion. Myshkin tells the truth, forgives insults and sees the best in everyone, and he is loved, mocked and exploited by turns. The novel does not decide whether his goodness fails or whether the world fails it, and that question is the reader's to weigh.","work":"The Idiot","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-idiot/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-idiot:lesson:2","title":"Pity and passion","text":"Myshkin loves Nastasya Filippovna with compassion, Rogozhin with possessive passion, and the prince himself fears that his pity may be stronger than Rogozhin's love. The novel examines whether pity can save a person who wants to destroy herself, and what happens when it is divided between two people.","work":"The Idiot","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-idiot/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-idiot:lesson:3","title":"Facing death","text":"Myshkin's stories of the guillotine and the reprieved man (drawn from Dostoevsky's own mock execution in 1849), Ippolit's revolt against his early death, and the Holbein painting of the dead Christ all ask how a person should live knowing death is certain. The novel holds despair and faith side by side without hurrying to settle them.","work":"The Idiot","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-idiot/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-idiot:lesson:4","title":"Money and dignity","text":"Fortunes pass from hand to hand throughout the book: Totsky's seventy-five thousand, Rogozhin's hundred thousand in the fire, Myshkin's inheritance, Burdovsky's claim. Dostoevsky shows people buying and selling one another, and also shows the strange freedom of those, like Nastasya at her party, who refuse to be bought.","work":"The Idiot","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-idiot/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-iliad:lesson:1","title":"The cost of honour","text":"Achilles' pursuit of honour costs the lives of countless Greeks and of Patroclus. The poem questions the warrior code it celebrates.","work":"The Iliad","author":"Homer","url":"/works/the-iliad/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-iliad:lesson:2","title":"Grief and rage","text":"Achilles' grief for Patroclus turns into inhuman rage, refusal of food and desecration of Hector's body. The poem traces the psychology of bereavement in war with extraordinary insight.","work":"The Iliad","author":"Homer","url":"/works/the-iliad/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-iliad:lesson:3","title":"Shared mortality","text":"In Priam's meeting with Achilles, enemies recognize a common human condition of loss. The poem's deepest wisdom is compassion grounded in mortality.","work":"The Iliad","author":"Homer","url":"/works/the-iliad/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-iliad:lesson:4","title":"War seen from the city","text":"Hector's farewell and the women's laments show what war means to those who wait. Homer gives voice to the defeated as well as the victors.","work":"The Iliad","author":"Homer","url":"/works/the-iliad/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-innocence-of-father-brown:lesson:1","title":"Reason belongs to faith","text":"Flambeau dresses as a priest but gives himself away by sneering at reason, and Brown calls that bad theology. Again and again the priest is the most rational man in the room, while the freethinker Valentin, the sun-worshipper Kalon and the self-styled man of science Dr. Harris reason themselves into murder. Chesterton argues in story form that Christian faith guards the mind rather than replacing it.","work":"The Innocence of Father Brown","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/the-innocence-of-father-brown/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-innocence-of-father-brown:lesson:2","title":"Knowing evil from the inside","text":"Brown solves crimes not by fingerprints or chemistry but by imagining how he himself might commit them. His years of hearing confessions have taught him the paths of temptation, and that humility about his own heart makes him hard to deceive. Innocence in the title means harmlessness and purity of intention, not ignorance.","work":"The Innocence of Father Brown","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/the-innocence-of-father-brown/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-innocence-of-father-brown:lesson:3","title":"Mercy that brings the sinner back","text":"Brown rarely hands anyone over to the police. He lets Flambeau walk away in The Queer Feet, talks him down from the tree in The Flying Stars, and urges Wilfred Bohun to give himself up rather than denouncing him. His aim is repentance and restoration, and Flambeau's change from thief to friend runs through the whole book.","work":"The Innocence of Father Brown","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/the-innocence-of-father-brown/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-innocence-of-father-brown:lesson:4","title":"The proud man on the heights","text":"Several villains fall through a kind of loftiness: Wilfred Bohun looks down from his tower, Kalon stares into the sun without flinching, General St. Clare treats his piety as a private possession. Brown's warning about heights in The Hammer of God turns a physical setting into a lesson about spiritual pride.","work":"The Innocence of Father Brown","author":"G. K. Chesterton","url":"/works/the-innocence-of-father-brown/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-interpretation-of-dreams:lesson:1","title":"Meaning hides in the trivial detail","text":"Freud's method refuses to treat any element of a dream as accidental. Displacement moves emotional weight onto minor details, so the incidental phrase or odd image often leads to the central thought. Whatever one thinks of his conclusions, the book teaches a discipline of attention to what seems unimportant.","work":"The Interpretation of Dreams","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/the-interpretation-of-dreams/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-interpretation-of-dreams:lesson:2","title":"The physician's self-exoneration","text":"The specimen dream is about medical failure: a patient not fully cured, a colleague's reproach, a dirty syringe. Freud reads it as a wish to be innocent of Irma's illness and shows how a doctor's mind distributes blame. It is one of the most candid documents of clinical guilt in medical literature.","work":"The Interpretation of Dreams","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/the-interpretation-of-dreams/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-interpretation-of-dreams:lesson:3","title":"Literature as evidence of the mind","text":"Freud uses Oedipus and Hamlet not as ornaments but as data: the lasting power of a tragedy is explained by the wishes it stirs in its audience. This move made literary interpretation part of psychology, for better and worse, and launched a century of psychoanalytic criticism.","work":"The Interpretation of Dreams","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/the-interpretation-of-dreams/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-interpretation-of-dreams:lesson:4","title":"Sleep defends itself","text":"Freud argues that dreams serve to keep the sleeper asleep by turning stimuli and wishes that would wake the sleeper into hallucinated satisfactions. The burning child dream shows the limit: when reality presses hard enough, the sleeper wakes. The idea links dream theory to the physiology of sleep and to the nature of anxiety dreams that fail.","work":"The Interpretation of Dreams","author":"Sigmund Freud","url":"/works/the-interpretation-of-dreams/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-jewish-war:lesson:1","title":"Civil war magnifies external conquest","text":"Josephus repeatedly argues that Jerusalem was ruined from within before Rome finished the work from without. Even if his blame of rebel factions serves his apologetic needs, the narrative teaches how political fragmentation becomes a material danger during siege.","work":"The Jewish War","author":"Flavius Josephus","url":"/works/the-jewish-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-jewish-war:lesson:2","title":"Historians can be witnesses and defendants","text":"The work is precious because Josephus was close to events, and partisan because he wrote under Flavian patronage after changing sides. Reading him well means holding evidence and self-defense together.","work":"The Jewish War","author":"Flavius Josephus","url":"/works/the-jewish-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-jewish-war:lesson:3","title":"Siege warfare is a medical catastrophe","text":"Famine, crowding, wounds, corpses and fear turn war into public health collapse. The book helps modern readers see starvation and epidemic risk as central facts of ancient warfare, not background details.","work":"The Jewish War","author":"Flavius Josephus","url":"/works/the-jewish-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-jewish-war:lesson:4","title":"Sacred places become political targets","text":"The destruction of the Temple is both military event and theological trauma. Josephus' account asks how a people narrates survival after the loss of the place that ordered worship, memory and identity.","work":"The Jewish War","author":"Flavius Josephus","url":"/works/the-jewish-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-journey-of-the-mind-into-god:lesson:1","title":"Journey of the Mind into God: formed attention","text":"The Journey of the Mind into God teaches students to slow down before judgment. tenth-grade readers can compare scholastic clarity with mystical humility and see why medieval learning was ordered toward contemplation","work":"The Journey of the Mind into God","author":"Bonaventure","url":"/works/the-journey-of-the-mind-into-god/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-journey-of-the-mind-into-god:lesson:2","title":"Journey of the Mind into God: order and disorder","text":"The Journey of the Mind into God makes order visible by showing what damages it. the six stages pass from vestiges in creation to the powers of memory, intellect, and will, then beyond conceptual mastery into ecstatic union","work":"The Journey of the Mind into God","author":"Bonaventure","url":"/works/the-journey-of-the-mind-into-god/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-journey-of-the-mind-into-god:lesson:3","title":"Journey of the Mind into God: body and soul","text":"The Journey of the Mind into God gives the medical lens a human scale. the work is not clinical, but its language of the mind, affection, illumination, ecstasy, and disciplined desire belongs to philosophy as therapy","work":"The Journey of the Mind into God","author":"Bonaventure","url":"/works/the-journey-of-the-mind-into-god/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-jungle-book:lesson:1","title":"Living under a Law","text":"Baloo teaches Mowgli that the jungle is not lawless: hunters must give warning, must not kill man, and must keep faith in the Pack. The Bandar-log, who boast but have no law and forget everything, show what happens to a people without one. Kipling's jungle prizes obedience, training and duty as the ground of freedom.","work":"The Jungle Book","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/the-jungle-book/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-jungle-book:lesson:2","title":"Belonging to two worlds","text":"Mowgli is cast out by the young wolves because he is a man and by the villagers because he talks with wolves. His tears at the end of the first story show that he is truly human, and his song in Tiger! Tiger! says that his heart is heavy with things he does not understand. The stories treat the pain of not fitting anywhere honestly and with sympathy.","work":"The Jungle Book","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/the-jungle-book/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-jungle-book:lesson:3","title":"Courage in small bodies","text":"Rikki-tikki fights two cobras far larger than himself, and Little Toomai goes where grown hunters have never been. Kipling admires courage joined to training and quick wits, not mere size.","work":"The Jungle Book","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/the-jungle-book/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-jungle-book:lesson:4","title":"One who looks for a better way","text":"Kotick is the only seal who asks questions about the killing and keeps searching for an answer when the others laugh at him. When he finally finds the safe beach, he has to fight before his own people will listen. The story honors persistence in a good cause.","work":"The Jungle Book","author":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"/works/the-jungle-book/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-koran:lesson:1","title":"Signs in nature","text":"The Quran repeatedly invites reflection on the natural world, rain, stars, animals, the growth of the embryo, as signs of God. Wonder at creation is presented as a path to faith.","work":"The Koran","author":"Anonymous (Islamic scripture)","url":"/works/the-koran/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-koran:lesson:2","title":"Social justice as worship","text":"Care for orphans, the poor and travellers, honesty in trade and the freeing of slaves are tied to faith from the earliest suras. Worship is inseparable from obligations to others.","work":"The Koran","author":"Anonymous (Islamic scripture)","url":"/works/the-koran/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-koran:lesson:3","title":"Continuity of prophecy","text":"By retelling the stories of Abraham, Moses and Jesus, the Quran presents Islam as the renewal of an ancient monotheism. Reading it alongside the Bible shows shared figures with different emphases.","work":"The Koran","author":"Anonymous (Islamic scripture)","url":"/works/the-koran/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-lais-of-marie-de-france:lesson:1","title":"Love against confinement","text":"Many lais feature wives imprisoned by jealous husbands. Marie sympathizes with the lovers and shows love as a force that resists control.","work":"The Lais of Marie de France","author":"Marie de France","url":"/works/the-lais-of-marie-de-france/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-lais-of-marie-de-france:lesson:2","title":"Humanity in the beast","text":"In 'Bisclavret' the werewolf behaves more nobly than his human wife. Animals across the lais, hind, hawk, nightingale, swan, weasel, carry meaning and moral weight.","work":"The Lais of Marie de France","author":"Marie de France","url":"/works/the-lais-of-marie-de-france/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-lais-of-marie-de-france:lesson:3","title":"Preserving stories","text":"Marie presents herself as rescuing oral tales from oblivion and asserts her own authority as a woman writer. The lais are early meditations on authorship and memory.","work":"The Lais of Marie de France","author":"Marie de France","url":"/works/the-lais-of-marie-de-france/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-last-battle:lesson:1","title":"A lie dressed in a lion's skin","text":"Shift does not deny Aslan; he uses Aslan's name to command what Aslan would never command. Because the Narnians have been told that Aslan is not a tame lion, they find it hard to say that these orders are wrong. The book teaches that a true thing can be bent into a lie, and that real faith must know the character of the one it trusts.","work":"The Last Battle","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-last-battle/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-last-battle:lesson:2","title":"The Dwarfs are for the Dwarfs","text":"After being fooled once, the Dwarfs decide to trust no one, and at the end they sit in a bright country believing they are shut in a dark stable. Lewis shows that refusing to be taken in can become its own prison, and that even Aslan's feast cannot reach those who will not receive it.","work":"The Last Battle","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-last-battle/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-last-battle:lesson:3","title":"Rash anger and honest surrender","text":"Tirian kills two Calormenes in a fury before he has thought, and then, ashamed, gives himself up to be judged. His hasty act begins the story's troubles, but his honesty and his willingness to fight on with only a few friends make him a true king.","work":"The Last Battle","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-last-battle/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-last-battle:lesson:4","title":"The end that is a beginning","text":"Narnia does not simply fade; Aslan ends it, and those who love him pass through the door into a country more real than the one they lost. Lewis offers children a picture of death and the end of the world in which the deepest longing of the heart is answered and the story goes on.","work":"The Last Battle","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-last-battle/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-last-days-of-socrates:lesson:1","title":"The examined life","text":"Socrates claims his only wisdom is knowing that he does not know, and insists that questioning is the highest good. The dialogues model intellectual humility and persistent inquiry.","work":"The Last Days of Socrates","author":"Plato","url":"/works/the-last-days-of-socrates/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-last-days-of-socrates:lesson:2","title":"Integrity under pressure","text":"Socrates refuses to flatter the jury or flee from prison. His consistency between belief and action is the model of philosophical integrity.","work":"The Last Days of Socrates","author":"Plato","url":"/works/the-last-days-of-socrates/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-last-days-of-socrates:lesson:3","title":"Facing death","text":"The Phaedo presents philosophy as rehearsal for dying and portrays a death without fear. It has shaped Western ideals of the good death for millennia.","work":"The Last Days of Socrates","author":"Plato","url":"/works/the-last-days-of-socrates/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-last-of-the-mohicans:lesson:1","title":"Friendship across peoples","text":"Hawkeye and Chingachgook have hunted and fought together for years. At Uncas's grave in Chapter XXXIII Hawkeye tells the grieving chief that he is not alone, and the two men bow their heads together over the grave. Cooper places the deepest loyalty in the book in a friendship between men of different peoples.","work":"The Last of the Mohicans","author":"James Fenimore Cooper","url":"/works/the-last-of-the-mohicans/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-last-of-the-mohicans:lesson:2","title":"The roots of revenge","text":"Magua's hatred begins with drink and a flogging at Munro's order. In Chapter XI he asks whether it is justice to make evil and then punish it, and Cora answers that her father did justice. Cooper lets Magua argue his case forcefully while showing where vengeance leads: to the deaths of Cora, Uncas and Magua himself.","work":"The Last of the Mohicans","author":"James Fenimore Cooper","url":"/works/the-last-of-the-mohicans/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-last-of-the-mohicans:lesson:3","title":"Courage of different kinds","text":"Cora's courage is calm and selfless: at Glenn's Falls she sends her rescuers away to save themselves, and on the mountain she kneels and gives herself to God. Alice is fragile, Heyward gallant, David gently stubborn in his psalms. Cooper shows that courage can take quiet forms as well as the scout's skill with a rifle.","work":"The Last of the Mohicans","author":"James Fenimore Cooper","url":"/works/the-last-of-the-mohicans/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-last-of-the-mohicans:lesson:4","title":"Elegy for a vanishing people","text":"Chingachgook's lament in Chapter III and Tamenund's farewell in Chapter XXXIII frame the book as a lament for a people whose line ends with Uncas. Cooper honors the dignity of the Mohicans and Delawares and the grief of their passing from the land.","work":"The Last of the Mohicans","author":"James Fenimore Cooper","url":"/works/the-last-of-the-mohicans/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe:lesson:1","title":"Betrayal and ransom","text":"Edmund's treachery begins with small spite and a taste for sweets and ends in real danger to his family and to Narnia. Aslan does not excuse the betrayal; he pays its full price himself, and afterwards no one is allowed to bring it up against Edmund again.","work":"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe:lesson:2","title":"Telling the truth when no one believes you","text":"Lucy keeps saying what she saw even when her brothers and sister think she is lying or mad. The Professor shows that a truthful person's strange report deserves a fair hearing, and the story rewards Lucy's honesty.","work":"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe:lesson:3","title":"Good is not the same as safe","text":"The Beavers tell the children that Aslan is good but not tame or safe, and the children feel both terror and joy when they first see him. Lewis shows that real goodness can be fearsome as well as kind.","work":"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe:lesson:4","title":"Winter gives way to spring","text":"Under the Witch it is always winter and Christmas never comes; as Aslan draws near, the ice cracks, flowers appear and Father Christmas arrives. The changing season pictures a world being set free.","work":"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-little-house:lesson:1","title":"Time passes in patterns","text":"The Little House sees the same patterns again and again: sunrise and sunset, the moon's changes, spring, summer, fall and winter. Burton uses these to show young children how days make months and months make years, and how one house can stand through generations.","work":"The Little House","author":"Virginia Lee Burton","url":"/works/the-little-house/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-little-house:lesson:2","title":"Change can come slowly","text":"The city does not appear all at once. First one car, then a road, then houses, then trains and tall buildings. The book helps children notice how small changes add up until a place is completely different.","work":"The Little House","author":"Virginia Lee Burton","url":"/works/the-little-house/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-little-house:lesson:3","title":"Caring for what our families made","text":"The builder's promise is kept many generations later by a great-great-granddaughter who remembers the family stories. The book teaches that we can honor the people before us by caring for what they built and handed down.","work":"The Little House","author":"Virginia Lee Burton","url":"/works/the-little-house/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-little-prince:lesson:1","title":"Taming and responsibility","text":"The fox teaches that friendship is made by patient time spent together, coming at the same hour and sitting a little closer each day. Once tamed, a friend becomes unlike any other in the world, and the prince learns that his rose is unique because of the care he gave her, not because no other roses exist.","work":"The Little Prince","author":"Antoine de Saint-Exupéry","url":"/works/the-little-prince/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-little-prince:lesson:2","title":"Seeing what matters","text":"Grown-ups in the book see a hat where there is a snake swallowing an elephant and trust an astronomer only when he wears a suit. The prince keeps asking what things are for. The book asks readers to look past numbers and appearances to what is essential.","work":"The Little Prince","author":"Antoine de Saint-Exupéry","url":"/works/the-little-prince/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-little-prince:lesson:3","title":"The foolish grown-ups","text":"Each asteroid holds one adult shut up in a single concern: power, praise, drink, money, duty or learning without seeing. Their small planets are pictures of small lives. The lamplighter alone earns the prince's respect because he serves something beyond himself.","work":"The Little Prince","author":"Antoine de Saint-Exupéry","url":"/works/the-little-prince/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-little-prince:lesson:4","title":"Love that asks for patience","text":"The prince runs away from his rose because her words hurt him, and only later understands that he should have judged her by her deeds and her fragrance. The book shows how hard it is to love someone who is proud and fragile, and how leaving can teach what staying would have.","work":"The Little Prince","author":"Antoine de Saint-Exupéry","url":"/works/the-little-prince/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-lord-of-the-rings:lesson:1","title":"Power that cannot be used well","text":"The Council of Elrond refuses the obvious plan of turning Sauron's weapon against him, because the Ring corrupts whoever wields it, however good the intention. Gandalf, Galadriel, Faramir and Sam each refuse it in turn, while Boromir, Saruman and Denethor are undone by desiring it or its kind of mastery.","work":"The Lord of the Rings","author":"J. R. R. Tolkien","url":"/works/the-lord-of-the-rings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-lord-of-the-rings:lesson:2","title":"Pity and the limits of the hero","text":"Gandalf tells Frodo that Bilbo's pity for Gollum may rule the fate of many, and so it does: at the Crack of Doom Frodo fails, and only Gollum's mad seizure of the Ring ends the quest. Tolkien makes mercy, not strength, the hinge of the story, and lets the hero's failure be redeemed by what he had earlier spared.","work":"The Lord of the Rings","author":"J. R. R. Tolkien","url":"/works/the-lord-of-the-rings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-lord-of-the-rings:lesson:3","title":"Faithful service","text":"Sam is a servant who thinks of himself as nothing special, yet his loyalty is the steadiest strength in the book. He carries Frodo up the mountain, refuses to keep the Ring, and returns to plant the Shire again with Galadriel's gift.","work":"The Lord of the Rings","author":"J. R. R. Tolkien","url":"/works/the-lord-of-the-rings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-lord-of-the-rings:lesson:4","title":"Wounds that do not heal","text":"Frodo saves the Shire but cannot live in it. His knife wound, the spider's sting and the Ring's long weight return on their anniversaries, and he finally sails West for healing. Tolkien, a Somme veteran, treats victory honestly: some who win a war carry it with them for life.","work":"The Lord of the Rings","author":"J. R. R. Tolkien","url":"/works/the-lord-of-the-rings/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-mabinogion:lesson:1","title":"Let the chief be a bridge","text":"When the Irish break the bridge over the river, Bendigeid Vran lies down across it and his host passes over him on hurdles, and the tale says the saying became a proverb. Leadership here is the willingness to bear others' weight. The same branch shows the opposite in Evnissyen, whose touchy pride twice brings ruin on his people.","work":"The Mabinogion","author":"Anonymous (Middle Welsh)","url":"/works/the-mabinogion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-mabinogion:lesson:2","title":"Keeping faith when no one is watching","text":"Pwyll rules Annwvyn for a year in Arawn's form and shares a bed with Arawn's wife, yet never touches her; Arawn learns of it only from her. The First Branch makes this hidden loyalty the ground of a lasting friendship between the two kings and of Pwyll's new title, Chief of Annwvyn.","work":"The Mabinogion","author":"Anonymous (Middle Welsh)","url":"/works/the-mabinogion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-mabinogion:lesson:3","title":"Patience under false accusation","text":"When her infant vanishes, Rhiannon's women save themselves by accusing her of killing him, and she accepts seven years of penance, offering to carry guests on her back from the horse-block. Teirnyon's honesty in returning the boy ends her disgrace. Branwen too is punished in Ireland for a wrong she did not do. Both stories set quiet endurance against public shame.","work":"The Mabinogion","author":"Anonymous (Middle Welsh)","url":"/works/the-mabinogion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-mabinogion:lesson:4","title":"Wisdom over force: Manawyddan","text":"In the Third Branch Manawyddan repeatedly refuses to fight: he leaves each English town rather than kill the jealous craftsmen, will not rush into the enchanted fort, and wins back Dyved by a patient bargain over a captured mouse. The tale prizes prudence, skill with the hands and restraint in a hero.","work":"The Mabinogion","author":"Anonymous (Middle Welsh)","url":"/works/the-mabinogion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-mabinogion:lesson:5","title":"Trust in marriage: Geraint and Enid","text":"Geraint misreads Enid's tears and makes her ride ahead in silence, but each time danger comes she warns him at the cost of his anger. Her loyalty is shown in deeds, and the tale treats his suspicion as the real danger to the marriage.","work":"The Mabinogion","author":"Anonymous (Middle Welsh)","url":"/works/the-mabinogion/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-magicians-nephew:lesson:1","title":"Curiosity and responsibility","text":"Digory strikes the bell in Charn because he cannot bear not knowing, and the result is that Jadis is set loose. Aslan does not punish him but asks him to help undo the harm, which teaches that owning a wrong is the first step to repairing it.","work":"The Magician's Nephew","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-magicians-nephew/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-magicians-nephew:lesson:2","title":"Two kinds of magician","text":"Uncle Andrew thinks rules are for ordinary people and that wise men like him are above them. Jadis says the same thing in Charn. Lewis shows this pride leading to cruelty, cowardice, and finally to a world in ruins.","work":"The Magician's Nephew","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-magicians-nephew/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-magicians-nephew:lesson:3","title":"The temptation in the garden","text":"Digory is told to take an apple for Narnia, not for himself. When Jadis urges him to steal one for his dying mother, the temptation is strong because it looks like love. He obeys Aslan, and later receives as a gift what he refused to steal.","work":"The Magician's Nephew","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-magicians-nephew/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-magicians-nephew:lesson:4","title":"Wonder at creation","text":"Aslan's song makes stars, sun, grass and animals in order, and each character hears it differently: Frank and the children with joy, Jadis with hatred, Uncle Andrew only as roaring. The book invites readers to see the world as made and given.","work":"The Magician's Nephew","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-magicians-nephew/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-major-symptoms-of-hysteria:lesson:1","title":"The Major Symptoms of Hysteria teaches historical caution","text":"The Major Symptoms of Hysteria rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"The Major Symptoms of Hysteria","author":"Pierre Janet","url":"/works/the-major-symptoms-of-hysteria/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-major-symptoms-of-hysteria:lesson:2","title":"The Major Symptoms of Hysteria links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"The Major Symptoms of Hysteria","author":"Pierre Janet","url":"/works/the-major-symptoms-of-hysteria/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-major-symptoms-of-hysteria:lesson:3","title":"The Major Symptoms of Hysteria complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"The Major Symptoms of Hysteria","author":"Pierre Janet","url":"/works/the-major-symptoms-of-hysteria/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-major-symptoms-of-hysteria:lesson:4","title":"The Major Symptoms of Hysteria warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"The Major Symptoms of Hysteria","author":"Pierre Janet","url":"/works/the-major-symptoms-of-hysteria/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-master-and-margarita:lesson:1","title":"Cowardice is the worst vice","text":"Pilate's failure to save Yeshua, and the Master's flight from persecution, show how fear corrupts the conscience. The novel treats moral courage as the rarest and most necessary virtue.","work":"The Master and Margarita","author":"Mikhail Bulgakov","url":"/works/the-master-and-margarita/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-master-and-margarita:lesson:2","title":"Art survives oppression","text":"The burned manuscript is restored, and the novel itself survived its author's lifetime of censorship. Bulgakov asserts that true art cannot be destroyed by persecution.","work":"The Master and Margarita","author":"Mikhail Bulgakov","url":"/works/the-master-and-margarita/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-master-and-margarita:lesson:3","title":"Satire through the supernatural","text":"Woland's tricks expose greed, vanity and pretence in Bulgakov's Moscow. The devil becomes an instrument of justice where human institutions fail.","work":"The Master and Margarita","author":"Mikhail Bulgakov","url":"/works/the-master-and-margarita/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-meek-one:lesson:1","title":"Pride as a weapon","text":"The narrator's wounded pride turns into a regime of control over his wife. Dostoevsky shows how a man's humiliation can be transferred onto someone weaker.","work":"The Meek One","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-meek-one/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-meek-one:lesson:2","title":"Understanding too late","text":"The narrator's insight comes only after her death, in a monologue that circles and contradicts itself. The story dramatizes the difficulty of seeing oneself truly.","work":"The Meek One","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-meek-one/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-meek-one:lesson:3","title":"Hearing the silent","text":"We never hear the wife's account; we must infer her suffering from his words. The form invites readers to listen for the voice the narrator suppresses.","work":"The Meek One","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/the-meek-one/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-merchant-of-venice:lesson:1","title":"Mercy above the letter of the law","text":"Portia's great speech in Act 4 argues that mercy is an attribute of God and that no one would be saved if justice alone were applied. Yet the same scene shows mercy pleaded for and then offered on hard terms. The play makes students weigh what mercy is, who shows it, and whether the verdict lives up to the speech.","work":"The Merchant of Venice","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-merchant-of-venice/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-merchant-of-venice:lesson:2","title":"Appearances and the caskets","text":"Morocco trusts gold and Arragon trusts his own deserving; Bassanio wins by choosing the plain lead that demands he give and hazard all. The casket test teaches that true love risks itself rather than seeking gain or reward.","work":"The Merchant of Venice","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-merchant-of-venice/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-merchant-of-venice:lesson:3","title":"Injury and revenge","text":"In Act 3 Shylock answers mockery by insisting that a Jew bleeds, laughs and dies like a Christian, then turns that shared nature into a claim to revenge learned from his enemies. Shakespeare gives the injured man eloquence while showing how grievance closes him off to mercy.","work":"The Merchant of Venice","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-merchant-of-venice/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-merchant-of-venice:lesson:4","title":"Bonds of friendship and marriage","text":"The bond of flesh, the marriage vow and the ring all test what a promise is worth. Antonio's love for Bassanio and Portia's claim on her husband meet in the ring plot, which Portia resolves by making Antonio surety a second time, now for Bassanio's faithfulness.","work":"The Merchant of Venice","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-merchant-of-venice/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-merry-adventures-of-robin-hood:lesson:1","title":"Justice and merry courage","text":"Robin’s band resists unjust power without becoming merely vengeful or grim.","work":"The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood","author":"Howard Pyle","url":"/works/the-merry-adventures-of-robin-hood/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-merry-adventures-of-robin-hood:lesson:2","title":"Fellowship over ego","text":"Little John’s strength and Friar Tuck’s wit serve the company, not vanity alone.","work":"The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood","author":"Howard Pyle","url":"/works/the-merry-adventures-of-robin-hood/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-merry-adventures-of-robin-hood:lesson:3","title":"Skill with courtesy","text":"Archery mastery is joined to manners toward the weak and the guest.","work":"The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood","author":"Howard Pyle","url":"/works/the-merry-adventures-of-robin-hood/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-metamorphosis:lesson:1","title":"Worth beyond usefulness","text":"While Gregor earns money he is the center of the household; once he cannot work, his family come to see him as a burden. The story presses the question of whether a person's value lies in what he provides.","work":"The Metamorphosis","author":"Franz Kafka","url":"/works/the-metamorphosis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-metamorphosis:lesson:2","title":"The slow wearing-out of care","text":"Grete begins as a devoted nurse and ends as the one who says Gregor must go. Kafka shows, without commentary, how patience can erode under fatigue, shame and money worries.","work":"The Metamorphosis","author":"Franz Kafka","url":"/works/the-metamorphosis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-metamorphosis:lesson:3","title":"The inner person behind a changed body","text":"Gregor keeps his memories, his love for his family and his response to music even as his body and habits change. The reader knows what his family cannot see, and the gap between the two drives the story's pathos.","work":"The Metamorphosis","author":"Franz Kafka","url":"/works/the-metamorphosis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-metaphysical-poets:lesson:1","title":"Thinking through feeling","text":"Metaphysical poems argue: they build cases, draw analogies and pursue logic to surprising ends. They show that intellect and passion can intensify each other.","work":"The Metaphysical Poets","author":"Various (ed. Helen Gardner)","url":"/works/the-metaphysical-poets/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-metaphysical-poets:lesson:2","title":"Confronting death","text":"Donne defies death, Herbert accepts it, Vaughan longs for it, and Marvell uses it to urge love. The poems offer a range of seventeenth-century attitudes to mortality.","work":"The Metaphysical Poets","author":"Various (ed. Helen Gardner)","url":"/works/the-metaphysical-poets/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-metaphysical-poets:lesson:3","title":"Faith as struggle","text":"Herbert's 'The Collar' and 'Affliction' poems record rebellion and despair within faith, resolved in moments of grace. Devotion here is a relationship, not a formula.","work":"The Metaphysical Poets","author":"Various (ed. Helen Gardner)","url":"/works/the-metaphysical-poets/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-misanthrope-and-other-plays:lesson:1","title":"Sincerity and sociability","text":"The Misanthrope asks whether complete honesty is compatible with social life. Alceste is admirable and ridiculous at once, and the play declines to settle the question.","work":"The Misanthrope and Other Plays","author":"Molière","url":"/works/the-misanthrope-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-misanthrope-and-other-plays:lesson:2","title":"The disguises of hypocrisy","text":"Tartuffe shows how outward piety can mask greed and lust, and how the credulous cooperate in their own deception.","work":"The Misanthrope and Other Plays","author":"Molière","url":"/works/the-misanthrope-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-misanthrope-and-other-plays:lesson:3","title":"The authority of medicine","text":"Molière's medical comedies mock doctors who hide ignorance behind Latin, ritual and confidence, and patients who crave their authority. The satire asks what makes medical knowledge trustworthy.","work":"The Misanthrope and Other Plays","author":"Molière","url":"/works/the-misanthrope-and-other-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-moffats:lesson:1","title":"Rich in each other","text":"The Moffats have no father, little money and a house that is being sold out from under them, yet the book is full of laughter. Mama's hard work and good humor, and the children's loyalty to one another, make the yellow house a happy home. Estes shows that a family's happiness does not depend on how much it owns.","work":"The Moffats","author":"Eleanor Estes","url":"/works/the-moffats/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-moffats:lesson:2","title":"Fears that look different in daylight","text":"Jane spends a whole day sure that the Chief of Police means to arrest her, and hides in a bread box to escape him. When he finds her, he only laughs. The chapter shows how a child's imagination can make a fear grow, and how facing the grown-up often makes it vanish.","work":"The Moffats","author":"Eleanor Estes","url":"/works/the-moffats/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-moffats:lesson:3","title":"Share and share alike","text":"When a customer gives Jane a five-cent tip, she spends it on ice cream for herself and then feels the pinch of having forgotten her family. In a household where every coin matters, the lost five-dollar bill and the nickel spent alone teach the children that money is held in common and that sharing is part of love.","work":"The Moffats","author":"Eleanor Estes","url":"/works/the-moffats/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-moffats:lesson:4","title":"Caring for one another in sickness","text":"When Rufus has scarlet fever and the house is shut in by quarantine, everyone has a part. Sylvie, Joe and Jane keep the household going while Mama nurses Rufus and keeps up their spirits with stories. Hard days become a time when the family works together.","work":"The Moffats","author":"Eleanor Estes","url":"/works/the-moffats/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-moonstone:lesson:1","title":"No such thing as a trifle","text":"Cuff solves cases by attending to what others dismiss: a smear on a painted door, a missing nightgown, a washing-book. The novel trains readers in the patience and attention that detection requires, and shows that even a great detective can draw the wrong conclusion from true facts.","work":"The Moonstone","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-moonstone/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-moonstone:lesson:2","title":"Many witnesses, one truth","text":"Each narrator sees only part of the story and colors it by temperament: Betteredge by loyalty, Miss Clack by religious zeal, Bruff by legal habit, Jennings by suffering. The structure teaches readers to weigh testimony, notice bias, and assemble a whole from partial accounts.","work":"The Moonstone","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-moonstone/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-moonstone:lesson:3","title":"Silence for love's sake","text":"Rachel and Rosanna both conceal what they know because each believes Franklin is guilty and each loves him. Their silence nearly destroys the people it is meant to protect, raising the question of when loyalty should speak.","work":"The Moonstone","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-moonstone/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-moonstone:lesson:4","title":"Charity toward the outcast","text":"Ezra Jennings, avoided by the town for his appearance and a past slander, proves the truest friend in the book, and his science and patience restore Franklin's good name. Rosanna, a reformed thief, is likewise given a second chance by Lady Verinder. The novel honors those who show mercy to the despised.","work":"The Moonstone","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-moonstone/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-moonstone:lesson:5","title":"A crime that begins in war","text":"The story opens with Herncastle's violence at Seringapatam and ends with the diamond returned to its shrine. Collins frames an English country-house mystery within an older wrong done abroad, and presents the Indians who pursue the stone as faithful to their sacred duty.","work":"The Moonstone","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-moonstone/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-murder-on-the-links:lesson:1","title":"Method and the mind","text":"Giraud crawls over the ground collecting cigarette ends and matches; Poirot says that such clues, taken by themselves, never solve a problem, and that a detective must understand the psychology of the crime. The rivalry dramatizes a question about knowledge: facts matter, but they must be ordered and interpreted by thought.","work":"The Murder on the Links","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-murder-on-the-links/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-murder-on-the-links:lesson:2","title":"The past is never quite buried","text":"Paul Renauld built a new name and fortune in South America, but the Beroldy case of twenty years before comes back to destroy him. Poirot notes that criminals tend to repeat themselves. The novel shows how unrepented wrongs shape the future.","work":"The Murder on the Links","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-murder-on-the-links/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-murder-on-the-links:lesson:3","title":"Love that lays down its life","text":"Bella confesses to a crime she did not commit to save Jack, Dulcie steals the dagger to protect her sister and risks her life for Mrs. Renauld, and Mrs. Renauld's devotion to her husband and son is real despite her deception. Poirot tells Jack that his love for Bella has been tested in the fire.","work":"The Murder on the Links","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-murder-on-the-links/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-murder-on-the-links:lesson:4","title":"The appearance of guilt","text":"Jack, Bella and Mrs. Renauld all look guilty at different moments, and Hastings himself is drawn into hiding evidence. Christie shows how easy it is to judge by appearances and how patient reasoning protects the innocent.","work":"The Murder on the Links","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-murder-on-the-links/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-mysterious-affair-at-styles:lesson:1","title":"Let the theory go","text":"Poirot scolds Hastings for ignoring a fact that does not fit his idea. The whole novel trains the reader in this discipline: every clue, from the candle grease to the spill-vase, must be accounted for, and the obvious suspect is cleared precisely because the evidence against him is too neat.","work":"The Mysterious Affair at Styles","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-mysterious-affair-at-styles/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-mysterious-affair-at-styles:lesson:2","title":"Gratitude as a debt","text":"Poirot came to Styles St. Mary as a refugee helped by Mrs. Inglethorp, and he speaks of paying his debts to her. His work is an act of gratitude and justice for a benefactress, not a game, even though he enjoys the puzzle.","work":"The Mysterious Affair at Styles","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-mysterious-affair-at-styles/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-mysterious-affair-at-styles:lesson:3","title":"Masks within a family","text":"Nearly everyone at Styles hides something: Mary her drugging of the cocoa and her friendship with Bauerstein, John his visits to Mrs. Raikes, Lawrence his fear for Cynthia. These smaller secrets almost hang an innocent man and shelter the guilty. Christie shows how ordinary concealments can obstruct justice.","work":"The Mysterious Affair at Styles","author":"Agatha Christie","url":"/works/the-mysterious-affair-at-styles/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-narrative-of-arthur-gordon-pym-of-nantucket:lesson:1","title":"Adventure writing can expose the body's limits","text":"Poe strips romance down to air, water, food, wounds and fear. The result teaches that heroic travel narratives often depend on bodily extremity they prefer to aestheticize.","work":"The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/the-narrative-of-arthur-gordon-pym-of-nantucket/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-narrative-of-arthur-gordon-pym-of-nantucket:lesson:2","title":"Hoax and realism can intensify horror","text":"The novel borrows logs, coordinates, editorial notes and travel-writing conventions to make improbable events feel archived rather than invented. Poe shows how factual form can make terror more persuasive.","work":"The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/the-narrative-of-arthur-gordon-pym-of-nantucket/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-narrative-of-arthur-gordon-pym-of-nantucket:lesson:3","title":"Exploration carries racial fantasy with it","text":"The Tsalal sequence belongs to nineteenth-century imperial adventure and Gothic fear. Its racial imagination is part of the machinery of the episode, not a detachable accident.","work":"The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/the-narrative-of-arthur-gordon-pym-of-nantucket/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-narrative-of-arthur-gordon-pym-of-nantucket:lesson:4","title":"Some endings refuse interpretation","text":"The final white figure withholds the explanatory satisfaction expected from adventure fiction. Poe turns incompletion into an experience of awe, terror and interpretive insufficiency.","work":"The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/the-narrative-of-arthur-gordon-pym-of-nantucket/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-natural-history-of-selborne:lesson:1","title":"Attention as a discipline","text":"White teaches by example that knowledge comes from long, careful attention to one place. He dates, weighs, measures and returns to the same creatures season after season.","work":"The Natural History of Selborne","author":"Gilbert White","url":"/works/the-natural-history-of-selborne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-natural-history-of-selborne:lesson:2","title":"Evidence before conclusions","text":"On the winter fate of swallows White gathers reports, tests them and keeps an open mind. He prefers to say he does not yet know rather than accept a story he cannot verify.","work":"The Natural History of Selborne","author":"Gilbert White","url":"/works/the-natural-history-of-selborne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-natural-history-of-selborne:lesson:3","title":"Small creatures matter","text":"White argues that earthworms, though they seem a despicable link in the chain of nature, would leave a lamentable chasm if lost. The book trains readers to honor the humble parts of creation.","work":"The Natural History of Selborne","author":"Gilbert White","url":"/works/the-natural-history-of-selborne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-natural-history-of-selborne:lesson:4","title":"Creation and Providence","text":"White sees the creatures as works of a wise Creator, even when, as with the sleeping tortoise, their design puzzles him. His piety and his science sit comfortably together.","work":"The Natural History of Selborne","author":"Gilbert White","url":"/works/the-natural-history-of-selborne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-new-york-trilogy:lesson:1","title":"Detection can become self-erasure","text":"Auster shows inquiry turning pathological when the investigator needs the case to supply an identity. Pursuit promises knowledge but may consume the person who pursues.","work":"The New York Trilogy","author":"Paul Auster","url":"/works/the-new-york-trilogy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-new-york-trilogy:lesson:2","title":"Names are unstable shelters","text":"The trilogy's repeated names, colors and doubles suggest that identity depends on fragile social signs. A person can vanish not only by leaving a place but by losing the language that holds him in place.","work":"The New York Trilogy","author":"Paul Auster","url":"/works/the-new-york-trilogy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-new-york-trilogy:lesson:3","title":"Writing is both record and trap","text":"Notebooks, reports and manuscripts promise evidence, yet they also imprison their writers in systems of interpretation. The book treats writing as survival, surveillance and appropriation at once.","work":"The New York Trilogy","author":"Paul Auster","url":"/works/the-new-york-trilogy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-new-york-trilogy:lesson:4","title":"Urban solitude can mimic conspiracy","text":"Auster's New York makes isolation feel densely populated by signs. The trilogy teaches how loneliness can turn coincidence into pattern and pattern into delusion-like certainty.","work":"The New York Trilogy","author":"Paul Auster","url":"/works/the-new-york-trilogy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-nibelungenlied:lesson:1","title":"Honor can make truth lethal","text":"The scandal of Brunhild's deception matters because courtly rank and sexual reputation are public structures. The poem teaches that truth spoken inside an honor culture may not liberate anyone; it may demand blood.","work":"The Nibelungenlied","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-nibelungenlied/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-nibelungenlied:lesson:2","title":"Loyalty without conscience becomes atrocity","text":"Hagen's loyalty to Burgundy is real, but it licenses murder, theft and mass death. The epic presses readers to ask when fidelity to lord or kin becomes a refusal of moral judgment.","work":"The Nibelungenlied","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-nibelungenlied/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-nibelungenlied:lesson:3","title":"Grief can become a political force","text":"Kriemhild's mourning is not passive. It becomes strategy, alliance and revenge, showing how private bereavement can reorder kingdoms when law offers no satisfaction.","work":"The Nibelungenlied","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-nibelungenlied/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-nibelungenlied:lesson:4","title":"Heroic culture is a machine for extinction","text":"The poem admires courage while showing that heroic consistency leaves almost everyone dead. Its grandeur depends on the terrible cost of men and women refusing humiliation, compromise or retreat.","work":"The Nibelungenlied","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-nibelungenlied/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-nicomachean-ethics:lesson:1","title":"Character is practiced into being","text":"Aristotle makes virtue a trained disposition rather than a mere belief. Repetition, pleasure and community shape what becomes easy.","work":"The Nicomachean Ethics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/the-nicomachean-ethics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-nicomachean-ethics:lesson:2","title":"The good life is not a mood","text":"Flourishing includes activity, time, luck, relationships and excellence. It cannot be reduced to subjective happiness.","work":"The Nicomachean Ethics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/the-nicomachean-ethics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-nicomachean-ethics:lesson:3","title":"Weakness of will is intelligible","text":"Akrasia shows the gap between knowing and doing. Aristotle gives a vocabulary for conflict among judgment, appetite and habituated pleasure.","work":"The Nicomachean Ethics","author":"Aristotle","url":"/works/the-nicomachean-ethics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-odyssey:lesson:1","title":"Homecoming requires more than arrival","text":"Odysseus reaches Ithaca long before he can reclaim his name, wife and authority. The poem teaches that return after violence demands recognition, testing and the repair of social bonds.","work":"The Odyssey","author":"Homer","url":"/works/the-odyssey/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-odyssey:lesson:2","title":"Intelligence includes restraint","text":"Odysseus survives because he can invent names, stories and tactics, but his boast to Polyphemus shows cunning undone by pride. The poem admires cleverness most when it is joined to timing and self-command.","work":"The Odyssey","author":"Homer","url":"/works/the-odyssey/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-odyssey:lesson:3","title":"Hospitality is a moral diagnostic","text":"The poem repeatedly judges societies by their treatment of strangers. Good hosts restore identity and safety; bad hosts devour guests, drug them, trap them or consume their goods.","work":"The Odyssey","author":"Homer","url":"/works/the-odyssey/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-odyssey:lesson:4","title":"Storytelling heals and endangers","text":"Odysseus's narratives win aid and preserve memory, yet stories can also conceal, manipulate and defer accountability. The poem asks readers to value narrative skill while watching its moral risks.","work":"The Odyssey","author":"Homer","url":"/works/the-odyssey/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-old-man-and-the-sea:lesson:1","title":"Old Man and the Sea: formed attention","text":"The Old Man and the Sea teaches students to slow down before judgment. ninth-grade readers can see how a small plot becomes large through discipline, restraint, and sacramental attention to work","work":"The Old Man and the Sea","author":"Ernest Hemingway","url":"/works/the-old-man-and-the-sea/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-old-man-and-the-sea:lesson:2","title":"Old Man and the Sea: order and disorder","text":"The Old Man and the Sea makes order visible by showing what damages it. the novella narrows its action until hunger, pain, skill, memory, and prayer are all concentrated in one old man's body at sea","work":"The Old Man and the Sea","author":"Ernest Hemingway","url":"/works/the-old-man-and-the-sea/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-old-man-and-the-sea:lesson:3","title":"Old Man and the Sea: body and soul","text":"The Old Man and the Sea gives the medical lens a human scale. its medical lens is practical and bodily: age, cramps, hand wounds, exhaustion, starvation, pain tolerance, and the dignity of care between Santiago and Manolin","work":"The Old Man and the Sea","author":"Ernest Hemingway","url":"/works/the-old-man-and-the-sea/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-oresteia:lesson:1","title":"Justice must outgrow revenge","text":"The trilogy sees why revenge feels obligatory, especially after kin-murder, but also why it cannot end itself. Civic judgment appears as a fragile invention that channels rage without denying it.","work":"The Oresteia","author":"Aeschylus","url":"/works/the-oresteia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-oresteia:lesson:2","title":"Trauma is inherited as story","text":"The family curse persists because each generation receives a narrative of injury that demands action. Aeschylus shows memory becoming command.","work":"The Oresteia","author":"Aeschylus","url":"/works/the-oresteia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-oresteia:lesson:3","title":"Institutions need emotional foundations","text":"Athena does not simply defeat the Furies; she gives them honor. The city survives by making room for fear, anger and reverence inside law.","work":"The Oresteia","author":"Aeschylus","url":"/works/the-oresteia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-passions-of-the-soul:lesson:1","title":"Emotions have a physiology","text":"Descartes insists on treating passions as a natural philosopher, tracing each to movements of blood and spirits and to changes in pulse, warmth and digestion. Although his mechanism is obsolete, the project of correlating feelings with bodily states is the ancestor of psychophysiology and affective neuroscience.","work":"The Passions of the Soul","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/the-passions-of-the-soul/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-passions-of-the-soul:lesson:2","title":"Indirect mastery of the passions","text":"The will cannot simply order fear to stop, but it can redirect attention, call up opposing considerations, and build habits that link new responses to old stimuli. Descartes's comparison with training animals anticipates later ideas of conditioning and the cognitive strategies of modern therapy.","work":"The Passions of the Soul","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/the-passions-of-the-soul/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-passions-of-the-soul:lesson:3","title":"Generosity as the key to the virtues","text":"Part Three makes generosity, a well-founded self-esteem based only on the good use of one's free will, the master virtue. It frees a person from envy, contempt and excessive fear because it locates worth in what lies within one's power. The idea combines Stoic themes with a distinctly Cartesian emphasis on the will.","work":"The Passions of the Soul","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/the-passions-of-the-soul/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-passions-of-the-soul:lesson:4","title":"Wonder as the first passion","text":"Descartes places wonder first among the passions because it arises before we know whether something is good or bad, and he notes that it alone involves no change in the heart and blood. Useful for learning, it becomes harmful in excess as astonishment. The ordering makes curiosity foundational to emotional life.","work":"The Passions of the Soul","author":"Rene Descartes","url":"/works/the-passions-of-the-soul/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-pearl:lesson:1","title":"Wealth that owns its owner","text":"Kino believes the pearl will make him free, but from the moment he finds it the pearl rules his days, his sleep and his family. Steinbeck shows how a treasure can turn a man from provider into prisoner.","work":"The Pearl","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/the-pearl/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-pearl:lesson:2","title":"The powerful prey on the poor","text":"The doctor, the pearl buyers and the hidden thieves all treat Kino as something to be used. The book asks what a poor man can do when every route to a better life is controlled by others.","work":"The Pearl","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/the-pearl/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-pearl:lesson:3","title":"Pride and its price","text":"Kino calls himself a man and will not be cheated, and that resolve leads him to strike his wife, kill, and lose his son. The story honors his courage while showing how quickly it turns to violence.","work":"The Pearl","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/the-pearl/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-pearl:lesson:4","title":"A story told as a parable","text":"Steinbeck presents the tale as one the townspeople retell, with clear good and evil and no in-between. Reading it as a parable means asking what each part stands for and what it says about the reader's own life.","work":"The Pearl","author":"John Steinbeck","url":"/works/the-pearl/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-persian-expedition:lesson:1","title":"Authority must be rebuilt by persuasion","text":"When the generals are seized, the army has no legal chain of command. Xenophon's response in Book III is to call the officers together, speak, and be elected. The Anabasis shows command in a citizen army as something earned through speech, example and shared hardship rather than inherited rank.","work":"The Persian Expedition","author":"Xenophon","url":"/works/the-persian-expedition/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-persian-expedition:lesson:2","title":"Three portraits of command","text":"The obituaries of Clearchus, Proxenus and Menon in Book II, Chapter VI form a short treatise on leadership: severity that works only in danger, kindness that cannot impose discipline, and cunning that serves only greed. Xenophon invites readers to measure his own conduct against them.","work":"The Persian Expedition","author":"Xenophon","url":"/works/the-persian-expedition/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-persian-expedition:lesson:3","title":"The body sets the limits of strategy","text":"The winter in Armenia turns the campaign into a contest with cold, hunger and exhaustion. Xenophon distributes food to men collapsed from hunger-faintness, forces stragglers to keep moving, and learns practical remedies for snow-blindness and frostbite. Survival depends on attention to bodies as much as to enemies.","work":"The Persian Expedition","author":"Xenophon","url":"/works/the-persian-expedition/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-persian-expedition:lesson:4","title":"Arriving is harder than marching","text":"Once the sea is reached, the epic of return dissolves into squabbles over pay, plunder and leadership. The book's second half suggests that a shared external danger held the army together, and that peace, not war, exposes its fractures.","work":"The Persian Expedition","author":"Xenophon","url":"/works/the-persian-expedition/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-phantom-of-the-opera:lesson:1","title":"The angel and the voice","text":"Christine's father told her that every great artist is visited by the Angel of Music. Erik uses that childlike faith to make himself her teacher and master. The novel shows how a gift and a hope can be turned into a means of control, and how hard it is for Christine to separate the beauty of the music from the man who sings it.","work":"The Phantom of the Opera","author":"Gaston Leroux","url":"/works/the-phantom-of-the-opera/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-phantom-of-the-opera:lesson:2","title":"Mask and face","text":"Erik's mask hides a face like a skull, and when Christine tears it away he cries that she can never leave him now. Leroux makes Erik both frightening and pitiable: rejected by his own parents, shown at fairs as a living corpse, he wants nothing more than an ordinary life. Leroux sets his loneliness side by side with the deaths and terror he causes, and leaves the reader to weigh the two.","work":"The Phantom of the Opera","author":"Gaston Leroux","url":"/works/the-phantom-of-the-opera/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-phantom-of-the-opera:lesson:3","title":"Compassion that changes a heart","text":"Erik is finally moved not by force or threats but by Christine's free kindness: she lets him kiss her forehead and weeps with him. In the last chapter Erik tells the Persian that no one, not even his mother, had ever let him do this. The climax turns from mechanical traps to a single act of pity.","work":"The Phantom of the Opera","author":"Gaston Leroux","url":"/works/the-phantom-of-the-opera/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-phantom-of-the-opera:lesson:4","title":"Courage in the dark","text":"Raoul is rash and often foolish, but he descends into the cellars knowing he may not come back, and the Persian, who could stay safe, goes with him. Their friendship under the Opera gives the novel its adventure-story courage.","work":"The Phantom of the Opera","author":"Gaston Leroux","url":"/works/the-phantom-of-the-opera/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-phantom-tollbooth:lesson:1","title":"Boredom is a way of not looking","text":"Milo begins the book thinking the world is dull, and he drifts into the Doldrums because he has stopped thinking at all. By the end the same room and the same town seem full of things to learn and do. Juster suggests that boredom lives more in the bored person than in the world, and that attention and curiosity are habits to be practiced.","work":"The Phantom Tollbooth","author":"Norton Juster","url":"/works/the-phantom-tollbooth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-phantom-tollbooth:lesson:2","title":"Words and numbers need each other","text":"Azaz thinks words are everything and the Mathemagician thinks numbers are everything, and their quarrel drives away Rhyme and Reason. The princesses had ruled that both are equally important. The story teaches that the different kinds of learning belong together and that knowledge without judgment becomes foolishness.","work":"The Phantom Tollbooth","author":"Norton Juster","url":"/works/the-phantom-tollbooth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-phantom-tollbooth:lesson:3","title":"Do not jump to conclusions","text":"Milo, Tock and the Humbug find themselves on the Island of Conclusions just by jumping there, and getting back means a long swim through the Sea of Knowledge. Juster turns a common saying into a real place to show how easy it is to decide things too quickly and how much work it takes to undo a hasty judgment.","work":"The Phantom Tollbooth","author":"Norton Juster","url":"/works/the-phantom-tollbooth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-phantom-tollbooth:lesson:4","title":"The enemies of learning","text":"The demons of the Mountains of Ignorance are not monsters with claws but things like the Terrible Trivium, who keeps people busy with pointless jobs, and the Senses Taker, who wastes their time with forms and questions. The book teaches children to recognize the quiet habits, like wasting time and never asking why, that keep people ignorant.","work":"The Phantom Tollbooth","author":"Norton Juster","url":"/works/the-phantom-tollbooth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-picture-of-dorian-gray:lesson:1","title":"Words that shape a life","text":"Lord Henry's garden speech and his yellow book change Dorian more than any event, yet Lord Henry himself lives a quiet, conventional life. Wilde shows the power of persuasive talk and the responsibility of those who give it, while leaving Dorian answerable for what he chooses.","work":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","author":"Oscar Wilde","url":"/works/the-picture-of-dorian-gray/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-picture-of-dorian-gray:lesson:2","title":"Conscience made visible","text":"The portrait shows each choice as a mark on a face, and Dorian at last calls it conscience. The story imagines what would happen if a person could hide the effects of sin from others and from his own mirror, and it suggests that hiding them does not make them go away.","work":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","author":"Oscar Wilde","url":"/works/the-picture-of-dorian-gray/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-picture-of-dorian-gray:lesson:3","title":"Beauty and goodness","text":"Dorian lives as if beauty excused everything, and the Preface claims that books are only well or badly written. The novel itself places those claims under strain, since its plot follows the moral consequences of Dorian's acts to the end.","work":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","author":"Oscar Wilde","url":"/works/the-picture-of-dorian-gray/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-picture-of-dorian-gray:lesson:4","title":"Late repentance and false repentance","text":"Basil tells Dorian that it is never too late to pray, and Dorian refuses. Later he tries to be good by sparing a village girl, but the portrait shows that he did it from vanity. Wilde distinguishes regret for consequences from true repentance.","work":"The Picture of Dorian Gray","author":"Oscar Wilde","url":"/works/the-picture-of-dorian-gray/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-pilgrims-progress:lesson:1","title":"Named temptations","text":"Bunyan’s places make spiritual dangers concrete enough to watch for.","work":"The Pilgrim's Progress","author":"John Bunyan","url":"/works/the-pilgrims-progress/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-pilgrims-progress:lesson:2","title":"Companionship on the way","text":"Faithful and Hopeful show that pilgrimage is not meant to be solitary egoism.","work":"The Pilgrim's Progress","author":"John Bunyan","url":"/works/the-pilgrims-progress/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-pilgrims-progress:lesson:3","title":"Burden and Cross","text":"Relief comes at the Cross, not by self-improvement alone.","work":"The Pilgrim's Progress","author":"John Bunyan","url":"/works/the-pilgrims-progress/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-portable-dorothy-parker:lesson:1","title":"Wit can be a symptom and a weapon","text":"Parker's jokes do not cancel pain; they regulate its public appearance. The collection teaches that verbal brilliance may defend dignity while also revealing wounds that cannot be spoken plainly.","work":"The Portable Dorothy Parker","author":"Dorothy Parker","url":"/works/the-portable-dorothy-parker/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-portable-dorothy-parker:lesson:2","title":"Waiting is a psychological action","text":"Parker can build an entire drama out of a person waiting for a phone call or a gesture of love. She shows dependency as a sequence of thoughts, bargains and humiliations rather than a static condition.","work":"The Portable Dorothy Parker","author":"Dorothy Parker","url":"/works/the-portable-dorothy-parker/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-portable-dorothy-parker:lesson:3","title":"Social polish can hide violence","text":"The drawing room, party and cocktail conversation often preserve cruelty by making it sound charming. Parker teaches readers to hear the aggression inside politeness and the prejudice inside liberal performance.","work":"The Portable Dorothy Parker","author":"Dorothy Parker","url":"/works/the-portable-dorothy-parker/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-portable-dorothy-parker:lesson:4","title":"Comic minor forms can carry major suffering","text":"Parker's light verse and magazine stories prove that brevity and comedy need not mean slightness. The small form can register depression, alcohol dependence, hostility to women and moral cowardice with exceptional force.","work":"The Portable Dorothy Parker","author":"Dorothy Parker","url":"/works/the-portable-dorothy-parker/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-portable-faulkner:lesson:1","title":"History is carried by form","text":"Faulkner's broken chronologies are not decorative difficulty; they enact a society unable to experience the past as past. The anthology teaches that narrative structure can be an ethics of memory.","work":"The Portable Faulkner","author":"William Faulkner","url":"/works/the-portable-faulkner/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-portable-faulkner:lesson:2","title":"Family stories can be prisons","text":"Faulkner's families pass down names, land, myths and shame as if they were genetic material. Characters suffer not only from what happened to them but from the explanations they inherit.","work":"The Portable Faulkner","author":"William Faulkner","url":"/works/the-portable-faulkner/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-portable-faulkner:lesson:3","title":"Racial categories damage everyone while protecting power","text":"The anthology repeatedly shows race as a violent social fiction with real bodily consequences. Faulkner exposes obsession with purity and ancestry as a structure of domination, terror and self-deception.","work":"The Portable Faulkner","author":"William Faulkner","url":"/works/the-portable-faulkner/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-portable-faulkner:lesson:4","title":"The grotesque can preserve moral seriousness","text":"Comedy, exaggeration and bodily grotesquerie do not trivialize suffering in Faulkner. They reveal how endurance and absurdity coexist in lives shaped by poverty, death and social contempt.","work":"The Portable Faulkner","author":"William Faulkner","url":"/works/the-portable-faulkner/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-portrait-of-a-lady:lesson:1","title":"Freedom can be misunderstood as mere openness","text":"Isabel wants an unbounded life, but she initially defines liberty by refusing choices rather than judging them. The novel teaches that freedom requires knowledge of motives, structures and consequences.","work":"The Portrait of a Lady","author":"Henry James","url":"/works/the-portrait-of-a-lady/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-portrait-of-a-lady:lesson:2","title":"Taste can disguise domination","text":"Osmond's refinement masks a will to possess and arrange other people. James warns that aesthetic superiority can become a moral alibi for cruelty.","work":"The Portrait of a Lady","author":"Henry James","url":"/works/the-portrait-of-a-lady/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-portrait-of-a-lady:lesson:3","title":"Consciousness has ethical force","text":"The novel's central action is Isabel's growing recognition of her situation. James treats inward understanding not as passivity but as a difficult form of moral labor.","work":"The Portrait of a Lady","author":"Henry James","url":"/works/the-portrait-of-a-lady/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-portrait-of-a-lady:lesson:4","title":"Victimhood and responsibility can coexist","text":"Isabel is manipulated, but James also insists on her choices and pride. The novel's complexity lies in refusing to make suffering cancel agency.","work":"The Portrait of a Lady","author":"Henry James","url":"/works/the-portrait-of-a-lady/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-power-and-the-glory:lesson:1","title":"Grace does not require respectability","text":"Greene separates sanctity from moral tidiness. The priest's failures are real, but the novel insists that grace may operate through a frightened, alcoholic and sinful man.","work":"The Power and the Glory","author":"Graham Greene","url":"/works/the-power-and-the-glory/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-power-and-the-glory:lesson:2","title":"Political purity can become cruelty","text":"The lieutenant's hatred of clerical coercion comes from a recognizable moral anger. Yet his certainty permits hostage-taking and execution, showing how humane ideals can turn inhuman when pity is excluded.","work":"The Power and the Glory","author":"Graham Greene","url":"/works/the-power-and-the-glory/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-power-and-the-glory:lesson:3","title":"Vocation may outlast self-image","text":"The priest often acts because he cannot cease being a priest, not because he feels heroic. The novel teaches that duty can persist when courage, self-respect and certainty collapse.","work":"The Power and the Glory","author":"Graham Greene","url":"/works/the-power-and-the-glory/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-power-and-the-glory:lesson:4","title":"Bodies are where theology becomes real","text":"Hunger, drink, fever, fear and execution prevent faith from becoming abstract. Greene's Catholicism is incarnational: the soul is tested through weak flesh.","work":"The Power and the Glory","author":"Graham Greene","url":"/works/the-power-and-the-glory/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-prince-and-the-pauper:lesson:1","title":"A king must learn his people's pain","text":"Edward begins as a generous but untested prince who has never been hungry, cold or beaten. On the road he is all three, and he meets men mutilated for begging and women burned for their faith. Twain's argument is that mercy in a ruler grows out of knowledge, and that Edward's merciful reign was made possible by what he suffered.","work":"The Prince and the Pauper","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-prince-and-the-pauper/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-prince-and-the-pauper:lesson:2","title":"Loyalty that asks no reward","text":"Miles Hendon believes the boy is mad, yet he protects him, feeds him, calls him Majesty, and finally takes his lashes in the stocks. His friendship is given before he knows it will be repaid. The novel honors faithfulness that serves the person in front of it, not the rank it expects.","work":"The Prince and the Pauper","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-prince-and-the-pauper/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-prince-and-the-pauper:lesson:3","title":"Clothes, rank and the self","text":"When the boys trade clothes, the whole kingdom treats each according to his costume. Tom slowly grows into royal habits and even denies his own mother; Edward clings to his identity when no one believes him. The novel asks what part of a person is given by station and what part is his own.","work":"The Prince and the Pauper","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-prince-and-the-pauper/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-prince-and-the-pauper:lesson:4","title":"Justice depends on honest evidence","text":"As king, Tom questions the case of a man condemned to be boiled alive for poisoning and finds that no one saw poison given and that the case rests on doctors' guesses and a witch's prophecy. His plain common sense saves an innocent man. Twain shows that a cruel penalty joined to careless proof can destroy the innocent.","work":"The Prince and the Pauper","author":"Mark Twain","url":"/works/the-prince-and-the-pauper/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-prince:lesson:1","title":"The gap between how we live and how we ought to live","text":"Chapter XV announces a method: describe politics as it actually works, not as moralists imagine it. Machiavelli argues that a ruler who acts on private virtue in a world of bad actors destroys himself and the people who depend on him. The lesson is severe because it does not deny morality; it insists that good intentions are not a policy.","work":"The Prince","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-prince/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-prince:lesson:2","title":"Severity concentrated, kindness spread out","text":"Machiavelli distinguishes cruelty 'well used', done at one stroke and then stopped, from cruelty that grows over time. Injuries should be done all at once and benefits given little by little. Whatever one thinks of the ethics, it is a sharp piece of behavioural observation about how people experience loss and gain.","work":"The Prince","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-prince/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-prince:lesson:3","title":"Fortune can be channelled but not abolished","text":"Chapter XXV pictures fortune as a river in flood that cannot be stopped once it rises but can be contained by dykes built in calm weather. Human ability governs perhaps half of events. The practical counsel is preparation and adaptability, together with the bleak admission that temperament rarely changes as fast as the times.","work":"The Prince","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-prince/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-prince:lesson:4","title":"Appearance is a political resource","text":"Because most people judge by the eye and few by the hand, the prince must seem merciful, faithful and religious. Machiavelli treats reputation as something to be managed like an army. The book anticipates modern ideas about image, public relations and the distance between public persona and private conduct.","work":"The Prince","author":"Niccolo Machiavelli","url":"/works/the-prince/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-princess-and-curdie:lesson:1","title":"Not trying to be better is itself a wrong","text":"Curdie thinks he has done nothing very bad all day, but the old princess helps him see that he has been drifting, ignoring his parents and grumbling at his work. MacDonald teaches that the soul either grows or decays, and that repentance begins when a child sees plainly what he has done.","work":"The Princess and Curdie","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-princess-and-curdie/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-princess-and-curdie:lesson:2","title":"Hands that tell the truth","text":"After the rose-fire Curdie can feel in a hand whether a person is becoming a beast. The gift shows that what people do slowly makes them what they are. The princess warns him not to judge quickly, since two people may stand in the same place while one climbs and the other falls.","work":"The Princess and Curdie","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-princess-and-curdie/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-princess-and-curdie:lesson:3","title":"Hospitality and its opposite","text":"Gwyntystorm keeps its gates open but its houses and hearts shut. Only Derba, called a witch because she lives quietly and honestly, welcomes the stranger. The book measures a city by how it treats newcomers, the poor and children.","work":"The Princess and Curdie","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-princess-and-curdie/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-princess-and-curdie:lesson:4","title":"Greed undermines a city","text":"The palace servants steal, the courtiers plot, the preacher teaches that every one should take care of number one, and at last a greedy king mines away the pillars that hold up the city. MacDonald shows that a people can be saved for a time by good rulers and still choose ruin.","work":"The Princess and Curdie","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-princess-and-curdie/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-princess-and-the-goblin:lesson:1","title":"Trust the thread","text":"Irene must follow the grandmother’s thread when she cannot see the end—an image of faith.","work":"The Princess and the Goblin","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-princess-and-the-goblin/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-princess-and-the-goblin:lesson:2","title":"Courage in the mine","text":"Curdie’s bravery includes warning others at cost to himself.","work":"The Princess and the Goblin","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-princess-and-the-goblin/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-princess-and-the-goblin:lesson:3","title":"Song against fear","text":"Music and rhyme unsettle the goblins; joy is a weapon.","work":"The Princess and the Goblin","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-princess-and-the-goblin/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-principles-of-psychology:lesson:1","title":"Consciousness flows rather than links","text":"James's chapter on the stream of thought replaced the image of the mind as a chain of discrete ideas with that of a continuous stream with resting places and flights. The image changed psychology and literature alike. It also teaches attention to the vague fringes of thought, feelings of 'and', 'if' and 'but', that atomistic theories ignored.","work":"The Principles of Psychology","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-principles-of-psychology/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-principles-of-psychology:lesson:2","title":"Habit as the body's ethics","text":"Because nervous tissue is plastic, every repetition makes the next easier. James turns this into moral advice: launch new habits strongly, permit no exceptions, act on resolutions at the first opportunity. The chapter anticipates later work on habit formation, addiction and neuroplasticity while remaining frankly hortatory.","work":"The Principles of Psychology","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-principles-of-psychology/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-principles-of-psychology:lesson:3","title":"Many selves, one person","text":"A man has as many social selves as there are people who recognise him. James's layered account of the self, from body and clothes to reputation to inner activity, and his cases of fugue and alternating personality, make identity something constructed and fragile rather than a given.","work":"The Principles of Psychology","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-principles-of-psychology/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-principles-of-psychology:lesson:4","title":"Experience is shaped by what we attend to","text":"James argues that without selective interest experience would be utter chaos. Attention is active and costly; it implies withdrawal from some things to deal with others. This places choice at the root of perception and links psychology with his later pragmatism.","work":"The Principles of Psychology","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-principles-of-psychology/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-psychology-of-dementia-praecox:lesson:1","title":"The Psychology of Dementia Praecox teaches historical caution","text":"The Psychology of Dementia Praecox rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"The Psychology of Dementia Praecox","author":"C. G. Jung","url":"/works/the-psychology-of-dementia-praecox/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-psychology-of-dementia-praecox:lesson:2","title":"The Psychology of Dementia Praecox links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"The Psychology of Dementia Praecox","author":"C. G. Jung","url":"/works/the-psychology-of-dementia-praecox/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-psychology-of-dementia-praecox:lesson:3","title":"The Psychology of Dementia Praecox complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"The Psychology of Dementia Praecox","author":"C. G. Jung","url":"/works/the-psychology-of-dementia-praecox/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-psychology-of-dementia-praecox:lesson:4","title":"The Psychology of Dementia Praecox warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"The Psychology of Dementia Praecox","author":"C. G. Jung","url":"/works/the-psychology-of-dementia-praecox/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-quiet-american:lesson:1","title":"Innocence is not harmless","text":"Pyle's danger lies in the union of personal decency with abstract political certainty. Greene teaches that innocence backed by power can evade responsibility for the bodies it harms.","work":"The Quiet American","author":"Graham Greene","url":"/works/the-quiet-american/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-quiet-american:lesson:2","title":"Detachment is a moral position","text":"Fowler's claim not to choose is itself a choice that protects his comfort. The novel shows neutrality collapsing when observation meets preventable suffering.","work":"The Quiet American","author":"Graham Greene","url":"/works/the-quiet-american/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-quiet-american:lesson:3","title":"Love can disguise possession","text":"Both Fowler and Pyle claim to care for Phuong while seeing her through their own needs. Greene asks readers to notice how political and romantic paternalism mirror each other.","work":"The Quiet American","author":"Graham Greene","url":"/works/the-quiet-american/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-quiet-american:lesson:4","title":"Bodies refute abstractions","text":"The bombing scene cuts through ideology by showing civilian injury and death. The novel's politics are grounded in bodies rather than slogans.","work":"The Quiet American","author":"Graham Greene","url":"/works/the-quiet-american/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-railway-children:lesson:1","title":"Bearing a burden together","text":"When Bobbie learns that Father is in prison, she keeps the secret from Peter and Phyllis so they need not suffer, and shares it only with Mother. Nesbit shows a child growing up by carrying sorrow quietly for the sake of others, while still finding help from a trusted friend.","work":"The Railway Children","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/the-railway-children/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-railway-children:lesson:2","title":"Courage in an emergency","text":"When the landslide falls, the children think quickly, tear up their red petticoats, and stand on the line waving until the train stops. Bobbie faints afterward. The book shows bravery as doing the needed thing while afraid.","work":"The Railway Children","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/the-railway-children/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-railway-children:lesson:3","title":"Gifts without charity's sting","text":"Perks is offended when the village sends him birthday presents, because he thinks he is being treated as a beggar. When Bobbie shows him the kind notes of friends who remember his past kindnesses, he is proud and happy. Nesbit shows that a gift must honour the person who receives it.","work":"The Railway Children","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/the-railway-children/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-railway-children:lesson:4","title":"Kindness to strangers","text":"Mother takes in the sick Russian when no one at the station can understand him, and the children help him find his family. The prayer for prisoners and captives teaches the children that other people's sorrows are close to their own.","work":"The Railway Children","author":"E. Nesbit","url":"/works/the-railway-children/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-raven:lesson:1","title":"Grief that feeds on its own questions","text":"The raven only ever says one word; it is the speaker who frames each question so that the answer must wound him. The poem shows grief turning a meaningless sound into a verdict, as the mourner interrogates the bird about the very hopes he most fears to lose.","work":"The Raven","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/the-raven/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-raven:lesson:2","title":"Sound as meaning","text":"Poe's trochaic rhythm, internal rhymes, and repeated door and floor endings create the poem's mood before its content does. The refrain Nevermore gathers weight with each repetition until it closes the poem with the speaker's own voice.","work":"The Raven","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/the-raven/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-raven:lesson:3","title":"Comfort refused","text":"The speaker's three pleas name the classic remedies for grief: forgetting, healing, and reunion. The bird denies all three. The poem is a portrait of a mind that has lost hope rather than an argument that no hope exists.","work":"The Raven","author":"Edgar Allan Poe","url":"/works/the-raven/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-real-mother-goose:lesson:1","title":"The ear learns first","text":"Nursery rhymes teach meter, rhyme, and clear diction before a child can hold a long story. Reciting Humpty Dumpty or Jack and Jill is language training as well as play.","work":"The Real Mother Goose","author":"Blanche Fisher Wright (illustrator); traditional rhymes","url":"/works/the-real-mother-goose/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-real-mother-goose:lesson:2","title":"Mishap without despair","text":"Many rhymes turn on falls and failures treated with humor. Children can laugh at Jack’s crown and still notice cause and effect.","work":"The Real Mother Goose","author":"Blanche Fisher Wright (illustrator); traditional rhymes","url":"/works/the-real-mother-goose/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-real-mother-goose:lesson:3","title":"Shared memory","text":"A culture hands on small texts everyone knows. Mother Goose gives a child membership in that shared store.","work":"The Real Mother Goose","author":"Blanche Fisher Wright (illustrator); traditional rhymes","url":"/works/the-real-mother-goose/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-red-badge-of-courage:lesson:1","title":"Courage is not the absence of fear","text":"Henry imagines courage as a feeling he will either have or lack, and his first test proves that feelings can fail. On the second day he fights well not because fear has vanished but because his attention has turned outward to the regiment, the flag and his friend. Crane shows courage as something done more than something felt.","work":"The Red Badge of Courage","author":"Stephen Crane","url":"/works/the-red-badge-of-courage/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-red-badge-of-courage:lesson:2","title":"The excuses we make","text":"After running, Henry builds argument after argument to excuse himself: he saved a valuable life, nature itself teaches flight, the army was doomed anyway. Crane lets the reader watch self-justification at work, and each argument collapses at the sight of the corpse in the chapel, the wounded column and Jim Conklin's death.","work":"The Red Badge of Courage","author":"Stephen Crane","url":"/works/the-red-badge-of-courage/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-red-badge-of-courage:lesson:3","title":"A false badge and a true one","text":"Henry's head wound comes from a fleeing comrade's rifle butt, yet he lets the regiment believe he was shot, and the lie protects him. The novel leaves readers to weigh whether his later bravery and the flag he carries truly answer for the lie and for leaving the tattered man.","work":"The Red Badge of Courage","author":"Stephen Crane","url":"/works/the-red-badge-of-courage/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-red-badge-of-courage:lesson:4","title":"Friendship that changes a man","text":"Wilson begins as the loud soldier who boasts and quarrels and ends as a modest friend who nurses Henry without asking questions. His change happens offstage, in the same first day Henry spends running, and it quietly judges Henry's vanity when Henry is tempted to use the packet of letters against him.","work":"The Red Badge of Courage","author":"Stephen Crane","url":"/works/the-red-badge-of-courage/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-republic:lesson:1","title":"Politics begins in psychology","text":"The Republic treats constitutions as enlarged souls. Plato teaches that public order and inner order are mutually illuminating.","work":"The Republic","author":"Plato","url":"/works/the-republic/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-republic:lesson:2","title":"Education shapes appetite before argument","text":"Plato cares about stories, music and habits because they train love and fear. Rational persuasion arrives late.","work":"The Republic","author":"Plato","url":"/works/the-republic/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-republic:lesson:3","title":"Therapy can become control","text":"The dialogue offers philosophy as cure, but its city uses severe social engineering. Good intentions do not remove political danger.","work":"The Republic","author":"Plato","url":"/works/the-republic/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-river-war:lesson:1","title":"Supply wins wars that battles only finish","text":"Churchill pauses before the railway chapter to say that victory is the bright flower and transport the stem. The book repeatedly shows rails, gunboats, coal and water deciding outcomes long before the fighting. It is an early popular argument that logistics and engineering, not heroic charges, are the substance of modern war.","work":"The River War","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/the-river-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-river-war:lesson:2","title":"Triumphalism and its own evidence","text":"Churchill calls Omdurman the most signal triumph of science over barbarians, yet the same pages describe crawling wounded, a shelled tomb and mangled families. Reading the book closely means noticing how imperial prose records what it justifies. The gap between verdict and description is where modern readers do their work.","work":"The River War","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/the-river-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-river-war:lesson:3","title":"Disease as the unglamorous enemy","text":"The cholera epidemic of 1896 killed more of the Dongola force than the enemy did, and Churchill writes that the insidious attack of disease appals the boldest. Malaria, liver abscess and fever recur throughout. The history reminds readers that the real cost of nineteenth-century campaigns was medical.","work":"The River War","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/the-river-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-river-war:lesson:4","title":"Understanding the enemy's cause","text":"Churchill opens not with British grievance but with Egyptian misrule and the Mahdi's appeal to the burdened. Though his language is often contemptuous, he concedes that the rising had real causes. The book models, imperfectly, the effort to explain an adversary's motives rather than only condemn them.","work":"The River War","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/the-river-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-road-not-taken:lesson:1","title":"Read what the poem says, not what it is remembered to say","text":"Stanzas 2 and 3 state plainly that the roads were worn about the same and lay equally in leaves. The famous last lines therefore describe a future telling, not the morning's facts. Careful reading means holding the whole poem together before drawing a moral from its ending.","work":"The Road Not Taken","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/the-road-not-taken/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-road-not-taken:lesson:2","title":"Choices close doors","text":"The traveler is sorry he cannot be one traveler and still go both ways. He tells himself he will return, but knows how way leads on to way. The poem honors the real cost of choosing: every decision gives up a life that might have been.","work":"The Road Not Taken","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/the-road-not-taken/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-road-not-taken:lesson:3","title":"The stories we tell about ourselves","text":"The closing stanza shows a man shaping his past into a meaningful story. Frost leaves open whether the sigh is regret, contentment, or a wry awareness that the difference was made by the telling as much as by the road.","work":"The Road Not Taken","author":"Robert Frost","url":"/works/the-road-not-taken/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-rule-of-st-benedict:lesson:1","title":"A community needs rhythms","text":"Benedict forms people by time: prayer, work, reading, eating and sleep. Good intentions become durable through schedule.","work":"The Rule of St Benedict","author":"Benedict of Nursia","url":"/works/the-rule-of-st-benedict/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-rule-of-st-benedict:lesson:2","title":"Authority must adapt to weakness","text":"The abbot is not praised for uniform severity. He must know different temperaments and avoid crushing the fragile.","work":"The Rule of St Benedict","author":"Benedict of Nursia","url":"/works/the-rule-of-st-benedict/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-rule-of-st-benedict:lesson:3","title":"Moderation can be radical","text":"Compared with heroic asceticism, Benedict’s realism about wine, sleep and illness is humane. Sustainability becomes a spiritual value.","work":"The Rule of St Benedict","author":"Benedict of Nursia","url":"/works/the-rule-of-st-benedict/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-satires-of-horace-and-persius:lesson:1","title":"Satire is moral medicine","text":"Both poets use ridicule to diagnose distorted desire. Horace prescribes proportion and self-knowledge; Persius prescribes harsher Stoic discipline.","work":"The Satires of Horace and Persius","author":"Horace and Persius","url":"/works/the-satires-of-horace-and-persius/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-satires-of-horace-and-persius:lesson:2","title":"Moderation is harder than it sounds","text":"Horace's charm lies in knowing that good advice is easy and practice difficult. His speaker is persuasive because he includes himself among the imperfect.","work":"The Satires of Horace and Persius","author":"Horace and Persius","url":"/works/the-satires-of-horace-and-persius/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-satires-of-horace-and-persius:lesson:3","title":"Bad language can reveal bad desires","text":"Persius treats inflated style and corrupt prayer as signs of spiritual illness. The poems teach that language is not a neutral covering over character; it exposes what a person worships.","work":"The Satires of Horace and Persius","author":"Horace and Persius","url":"/works/the-satires-of-horace-and-persius/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-satires-of-horace-and-persius:lesson:4","title":"Freedom is inward discipline","text":"Persius especially insists that legal or social status means little if appetite rules the mind. Roman satire turns slavery into an ethical metaphor, while remaining embedded in a slaveholding society.","work":"The Satires of Horace and Persius","author":"Horace and Persius","url":"/works/the-satires-of-horace-and-persius/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-scarlet-letter:lesson:1","title":"Public shame does not control meaning","text":"The Puritan community fixes the letter as punishment, but Hester's conduct changes what people think it means. Symbols live socially, and their meanings can be resisted by action.","work":"The Scarlet Letter","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/the-scarlet-letter/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-scarlet-letter:lesson:2","title":"Hidden guilt can become bodily illness","text":"Dimmesdale's secret is written through weakness, pain and self-punishment. Hawthorne makes moral concealment a mind-body crisis without reducing it to simple disease.","work":"The Scarlet Letter","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/the-scarlet-letter/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-scarlet-letter:lesson:3","title":"Revenge deforms the healer","text":"Chillingworth's medical intimacy becomes predatory because it serves vengeance rather than care. The novel warns that knowledge of another person's vulnerability carries ethical danger.","work":"The Scarlet Letter","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/the-scarlet-letter/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-scarlet-letter:lesson:4","title":"Children read what adults conceal","text":"Pearl repeatedly perceives connections the adults try to hide. Hawthorne uses childhood not as innocence alone but as a disruptive intelligence that reveals concealed guilt.","work":"The Scarlet Letter","author":"Nathaniel Hawthorne","url":"/works/the-scarlet-letter/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-scarlet-pimpernel:lesson:1","title":"The mask of folly","text":"Percy lets all of London think him a fool so that no one will suspect the man who outwits the Revolution. The novel shows that true courage often goes unrecognised and that appearances, especially the ones society laughs at, can hide great strength.","work":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","author":"Baroness Orczy","url":"/works/the-scarlet-pimpernel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-scarlet-pimpernel:lesson:2","title":"Pride on both sides","text":"Percy and Marguerite love each other, yet each waits for the other to give way first, and their pride nearly costs Percy's life. Their reconciliation comes only when Marguerite acts for him without thought of herself.","work":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","author":"Baroness Orczy","url":"/works/the-scarlet-pimpernel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-scarlet-pimpernel:lesson:3","title":"Loyalty under pressure","text":"Chauvelin's bargain forces Marguerite to choose between her brother and a stranger she admires. She chooses wrongly at the ball, then spends the rest of the book risking everything to undo it, showing that a fault can be redeemed by costly action.","work":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","author":"Baroness Orczy","url":"/works/the-scarlet-pimpernel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-scarlet-pimpernel:lesson:4","title":"Rescue as a calling","text":"The League risks its members' lives for strangers, and Lord Antony jokes that it is all for sport. The Comtesse and Suzanne suspect a nobler motive, and the novel invites readers to see the play of wit and danger as a cover for real self-giving.","work":"The Scarlet Pimpernel","author":"Baroness Orczy","url":"/works/the-scarlet-pimpernel/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-screwtape-letters:lesson:1","title":"Temptation through the small and ordinary","text":"Screwtape prefers small, dull sins that edge the patient away from God over grand crimes that might alarm him. Lewis shows that a life can be lost by drift as surely as by rebellion, and that the tempter's best allies are habit, distraction and inattention.","work":"The Screwtape Letters","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-screwtape-letters/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-screwtape-letters:lesson:2","title":"Reading by inversion","text":"Because the speaker is a devil, every piece of praise is a warning and every complaint is good news. The reader must keep turning Screwtape's values upside down, and the book trains a habit of moral attention by making its readers do this work.","work":"The Screwtape Letters","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-screwtape-letters/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-screwtape-letters:lesson:3","title":"The present moment and the future","text":"Screwtape wants humans to live in anxiety about the future or nostalgia for the past, because the present is where duty, grace and eternity meet. Lewis turns the wartime fear of invasion and bombing into a lesson about attending to the task in front of one.","work":"The Screwtape Letters","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-screwtape-letters/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-screwtape-letters:lesson:4","title":"Ordinary goods as the Enemy's ground","text":"Screwtape is defeated by a country walk, a book read for pleasure, a family supper and a love affair, which bring the patient back to reality and to God. Lewis treats real pleasures as gifts from God that the devils can only distort, never create.","work":"The Screwtape Letters","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-screwtape-letters/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-second-coming:lesson:1","title":"Conviction and its counterfeits","text":"The line about the best lacking conviction and the worst being full of passionate intensity names a danger in any age of crisis: good people grow hesitant while the violent grow certain. The poem does not say intensity is evil in itself, but that conviction severed from goodness becomes destructive and goodness without conviction becomes helpless.","work":"The Second Coming","author":"W. B. Yeats","url":"/works/the-second-coming/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-second-coming:lesson:2","title":"A counterfeit second coming","text":"The title promises Christ's return in glory, but the vision delivers its opposite: a pitiless beast slouching toward the town of the Nativity. Yeats borrows the Christian pattern of a sacred birth opening a new age and inverts it, so that the reader feels both the expectation and the horror.","work":"The Second Coming","author":"W. B. Yeats","url":"/works/the-second-coming/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-second-coming:lesson:3","title":"Images that outlive their system","text":"Yeats built the poem on his private theory of historical gyres, yet most readers know nothing of that theory and still find the poem exact. Strong images such as the falcon beyond hearing and the drowned ceremony of innocence carry meaning beyond the scheme that produced them.","work":"The Second Coming","author":"W. B. Yeats","url":"/works/the-second-coming/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-secret-garden:lesson:1","title":"Care can begin with attention","text":"Mary becomes capable of affection by caring for soil, shoots and living creatures. The novel teaches that attention to small lives can retrain a neglected emotional life.","work":"The Secret Garden","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/the-secret-garden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-secret-garden:lesson:2","title":"Beliefs about the body can shape illness","text":"Colin's confinement and fear worsen his weakness. Burnett's cure belongs to the novel's garden theology of fresh air, exercise, companionship, and disciplined hope.","work":"The Secret Garden","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/the-secret-garden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-secret-garden:lesson:3","title":"Grief can freeze a household","text":"Archibald Craven's mourning locks away both garden and child. The novel imagines healing as the reopening of spaces where grief has stopped time.","work":"The Secret Garden","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/the-secret-garden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-secret-garden:lesson:4","title":"Children can become agents of restoration","text":"Mary and Colin are not merely cured by adults; they organize their own secret discipline. The book honors childhood initiative, experimentation and stubborn hope.","work":"The Secret Garden","author":"Frances Hodgson Burnett","url":"/works/the-secret-garden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-sickness-unto-death:lesson:1","title":"The self is a task, not a given","text":"Anti-Climacus defines the self as an activity of relating to oneself, a synthesis that can be held together well or badly. On this view selfhood is achieved rather than possessed, and despair is the failure to become the self one is. The idea underlies much existentialist and humanistic psychology.","work":"The Sickness Unto Death","author":"Soren Kierkegaard","url":"/works/the-sickness-unto-death/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-sickness-unto-death:lesson:2","title":"Despair can hide inside contentment","text":"The most unsettling claim of the book is that the person who feels perfectly fine may be in the deepest despair, because they have never become aware of themselves as spirit. Despair is therefore not identical with feeling bad; it is a structural condition that moods may reveal or conceal.","work":"The Sickness Unto Death","author":"Soren Kierkegaard","url":"/works/the-sickness-unto-death/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-sickness-unto-death:lesson:3","title":"Two shapes of failing to be oneself","text":"Despair either flees the self, in weakness, or clutches it, in defiance, insisting on making oneself without dependence on anything beyond. The defiant form, which ends in a rage against existence, sharpens the book's diagnosis of modern self-assertion.","work":"The Sickness Unto Death","author":"Soren Kierkegaard","url":"/works/the-sickness-unto-death/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-sickness-unto-death:lesson:4","title":"Faith as the opposite of sin","text":"Against moralism, the book claims that the opposite of sin is not virtue but faith: resting transparently in the power that established the self. Sin is located in the will rather than in ignorance. The argument is theological, but it also offers a picture of healing as trust rather than self-improvement.","work":"The Sickness Unto Death","author":"Soren Kierkegaard","url":"/works/the-sickness-unto-death/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-sign-of-the-beaver:lesson:1","title":"A teacher who becomes a student","text":"Matt agrees to teach Attean to read and assumes that makes him the one who knows things. In the woods, Attean knows far more, and Matt survives only because he learns to listen. The novel shows that real friendship begins when each person is willing to be taught by the other.","work":"The Sign of the Beaver","author":"Elizabeth George Speare","url":"/works/the-sign-of-the-beaver/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-sign-of-the-beaver:lesson:2","title":"Keeping a promise to wait","text":"Matt's father told him to stay with the cabin, and Matt does, even when the weeks stretch into months and Saknis offers him a home with the beaver people. His faithfulness to his family's plan, through fear and loneliness, is the backbone of the story.","work":"The Sign of the Beaver","author":"Elizabeth George Speare","url":"/works/the-sign-of-the-beaver/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-sign-of-the-beaver:lesson:3","title":"Seeing a story from the other side","text":"When Matt reads Robinson Crusoe aloud, Attean refuses to admire the hero and is angry at how Friday is treated. Matt begins to understand that the same events can look very different to someone from another people, and his respect for Attean grows from that discovery.","work":"The Sign of the Beaver","author":"Elizabeth George Speare","url":"/works/the-sign-of-the-beaver/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-sign-of-the-beaver:lesson:4","title":"Growing up is earned","text":"Attean becomes a man by going alone into the forest to seek his manitou; Matt becomes one by keeping the cabin through a winter alone. Each boy grows up through a trial suited to his own people, and each honors the other's.","work":"The Sign of the Beaver","author":"Elizabeth George Speare","url":"/works/the-sign-of-the-beaver/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-silver-chair:lesson:1","title":"Remembering the Signs","text":"Aslan tells Jill to say the Signs over every morning and night, because the air of Narnia will thicken her mind. When she grows comfortable and careless she stops saying them, and the travellers miss the ruined city. The book shows that what we are told plainly must be remembered on purpose.","work":"The Silver Chair","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-silver-chair/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-silver-chair:lesson:2","title":"Puddleglum's courage","text":"Puddleglum always says things will go wrong, yet he never turns back, and when the Queen's spell is strongest he is the one who acts. He puts out her fire with his own bare foot and says he will follow Aslan whatever happens. Courage, Lewis shows, is not the same as cheerfulness.","work":"The Silver Chair","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-silver-chair/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-silver-chair:lesson:3","title":"The comfortable trap","text":"The Green Lady promises hot baths and soft beds at Harfang, and the children hurry toward comfort and stop looking for the Signs. The giants who welcome them warmly mean to eat them. The story warns that what looks easy and kind can lead us away from the task we were given.","work":"The Silver Chair","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-silver-chair/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-silver-chair:lesson:4","title":"Holding to the truth in the dark","text":"In Underland the Queen tells them there is no sun, no sky and no Aslan, only her lamp and her cave. Her soft voice and sweet smoke almost make them believe it. The book teaches that the truth does not stop being true because someone talks us out of seeing it.","work":"The Silver Chair","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-silver-chair/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-sketch-book:lesson:1","title":"Waking into a changed world","text":"Rip sleeps through the American Revolution and wakes to find that the tavern sign has changed from King George to General Washington, though the faces under it are much the same. Irving uses a folk tale to ask what really changes when a nation changes and what a person keeps when everything familiar is gone.","work":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","author":"Washington Irving","url":"/works/the-sketch-book/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-sketch-book:lesson:2","title":"Credulity and the prank","text":"Ichabod Crane believes every ghost story he reads in Cotton Mather and hears from the Dutch wives, and his fear makes him easy prey for a rival. The legend never tells us plainly what happened at the bridge, but the pumpkin and Brom's laughter let the reader judge. Irving teaches by comedy that fear and greed cloud the eyes.","work":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","author":"Washington Irving","url":"/works/the-sketch-book/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-sketch-book:lesson:3","title":"Keeping old customs","text":"The Christmas sketches show Squire Bracebridge reviving carols, the yule log, wassail and plain hospitality for his tenants. Crayon admires these customs because they bind rich and poor and the present to the past. The book treats tradition as something that must be loved to be kept.","work":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","author":"Washington Irving","url":"/works/the-sketch-book/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-sketch-book:lesson:4","title":"Grief honored, not hurried","text":"Several of the English sketches, among them The Widow and Her Son, Rural Funerals and The Broken Heart, dwell on mourning. Irving argues that sorrow for the dead is a sorrow people rightly refuse to forget, and that tender remembrance can make the living gentler.","work":"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.","author":"Washington Irving","url":"/works/the-sketch-book/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-social-contract:lesson:1","title":"Might cannot manufacture right","text":"Book I, Chapter III argues that yielding to force is an act of necessity or prudence, never of duty: if the stronger may rule, the right vanishes the moment strength changes hands. Legitimate authority must therefore rest on agreement. The argument remains a compact test for any regime that claims obedience simply because it can compel it.","work":"The Social Contract","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/the-social-contract/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-social-contract:lesson:2","title":"The general will is not majority opinion","text":"Rousseau distinguishes the general will, aimed at the common good, from the will of all, a sum of private preferences. The people may be deceived; factions turn citizens into partisans. The concept is powerful because it names the public interest, and dangerous because someone may claim to know it better than the people do.","work":"The Social Contract","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/the-social-contract/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-social-contract:lesson:3","title":"Representation as a loss of freedom","text":"Book III, Chapter XV insists that sovereignty cannot be delegated and mocks the English, who are free only on election day. The claim confronts modern representative democracy with an severe standard of participation and suggests that civic indifference ('What does it matter to me?') is a symptom of political death.","work":"The Social Contract","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/the-social-contract/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-social-contract:lesson:4","title":"Every polity carries its own mortality","text":"Rousseau compares the body politic to a human body that begins to die at birth. Constitutions can be robust or weak, but none is permanent; even Sparta and Rome perished. The lesson is less fatalism than stewardship: citizens can lengthen a state's life by renewing its laws and assemblies.","work":"The Social Contract","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/the-social-contract/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-social-contract:lesson:5","title":"The cost of a civic religion","text":"The final chapter seeks a faith that binds citizens to the laws without the divided loyalties of Christianity. Its tolerance has a hard edge: unbelievers may be banished and hypocrites executed. Reading it shows how a theory of freedom can end in coercion of conscience.","work":"The Social Contract","author":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","url":"/works/the-social-contract/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-song-of-hiawatha:lesson:1","title":"Strength used for others","text":"Hiawatha fasts not for glory in war but for profit of the people, and his deeds give them corn, the canoe, healing and writing. The poem measures a hero by what he brings to his people rather than by the enemies he defeats.","work":"The Song of Hiawatha","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/the-song-of-hiawatha/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-song-of-hiawatha:lesson:2","title":"Peace among quarrelling nations","text":"The poem opens with Gitche Manito telling the tribes that their strength is in union and their danger in discord, and closes with Hiawatha welcoming strangers in peace. Discord, by contrast, is what his vision says will scatter his people.","work":"The Song of Hiawatha","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/the-song-of-hiawatha/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-song-of-hiawatha:lesson:3","title":"Grief and its limits","text":"Hiawatha mourns Chibiabos for seven weeks, and the ghosts later warn that too much lamentation burdens the dead. When Minnehaha dies, he grieves deeply yet goes on to finish his task. The poem honours mourning while showing a way through it.","work":"The Song of Hiawatha","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/the-song-of-hiawatha/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-song-of-hiawatha:lesson:4","title":"Keeping memory alive","text":"In Canto XIV Hiawatha sees that great men die and their wisdom perishes unless it is written. He invents signs that can be painted on grave-posts and birch-bark. The poem itself claims to preserve songs that might otherwise be lost.","work":"The Song of Hiawatha","author":"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow","url":"/works/the-song-of-hiawatha/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-song-of-roland:lesson:1","title":"Song of Roland: formed attention","text":"The Song of Roland teaches students to slow down before judgment. the poem lets younger students ask when courage becomes recklessness and how a Christian epic can praise both mercy and terrible vengeance","work":"The Song of Roland","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-song-of-roland/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-song-of-roland:lesson:2","title":"Song of Roland: order and disorder","text":"The Song of Roland makes order visible by showing what damages it. Roland refuses to sound his horn until disaster is irreversible, while Ganelon's treachery turns private resentment into public ruin","work":"The Song of Roland","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-song-of-roland/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-song-of-roland:lesson:3","title":"Song of Roland: body and soul","text":"The Song of Roland gives the medical lens a human scale. its battlefield scenes emphasize wounds, exhaustion, hearing, breath, and the ritual handling of the dead more than inward psychology","work":"The Song of Roland","author":"Anonymous","url":"/works/the-song-of-roland/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-souls-of-black-folk:lesson:1","title":"Seeing oneself through two sets of eyes","text":"Du Bois names double consciousness as the strain of being both American and Negro in a country that treated the two as opposed. His aim is not to escape either identity but to merge them into a truer self without losing the older one. The idea gave many later writers a vocabulary for divided belonging.","work":"The Souls of Black Folk","author":"W. E. B. Du Bois","url":"/works/the-souls-of-black-folk/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-souls-of-black-folk:lesson:2","title":"Disagreeing with a leader in good faith","text":"Chapter III praises Booker T. Washington's achievements before contesting his program. Du Bois argues that honest criticism of a respected leader is a duty, not a betrayal, and he frames his objection as a matter of ends: votes, civil rights and higher learning.","work":"The Souls of Black Folk","author":"W. E. B. Du Bois","url":"/works/the-souls-of-black-folk/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-souls-of-black-folk:lesson:3","title":"What a university is for","text":"In the Atalanta and Training chapters Du Bois argues that education must form men and women, not only workers, and that a people needs teachers, ministers and scholars trained in the highest learning. His image of conversing with Shakespeare, Balzac and Aristotle makes the case that culture belongs to everyone who can receive it.","work":"The Souls of Black Folk","author":"W. E. B. Du Bois","url":"/works/the-souls-of-black-folk/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-souls-of-black-folk:lesson:4","title":"Sorrow that sings of hope","text":"The spirituals frame every chapter and receive the final one. Du Bois hears in them grief, faith and an expectation of justice, and he treats them as the nation's great artistic gift, which makes music a form of testimony.","work":"The Souls of Black Folk","author":"W. E. B. Du Bois","url":"/works/the-souls-of-black-folk/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-spirit-of-the-laws:lesson:1","title":"Laws must suit the nation that lives under them","text":"Montesquieu does not write a single code for all mankind. He argues that a good law in one country may be a poor law in another, because laws are tied to a people's government, climate, religion, commerce and customs. Wise legislation begins with knowing the people well.","work":"The Spirit of the Laws","author":"Montesquieu","url":"/works/the-spirit-of-the-laws/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-spirit-of-the-laws:lesson:2","title":"Every holder of power tends to push it further","text":"Book XI starts from a realistic view of human nature: whoever holds power is tempted to abuse it. Montesquieu's answer is not to trust better rulers but to arrange institutions so that one power checks another, and to keep the power of judging apart from the powers of making and executing law.","work":"The Spirit of the Laws","author":"Montesquieu","url":"/works/the-spirit-of-the-laws/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-spirit-of-the-laws:lesson:3","title":"Virtue, honour and fear as springs of government","text":"Each form of government is moved by a passion that citizens must share: love of country and equality in a republic, desire for distinction in a monarchy, fear under a despot. A regime declines when its spring weakens, so laws of education and manners matter as much as constitutions.","work":"The Spirit of the Laws","author":"Montesquieu","url":"/works/the-spirit-of-the-laws/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-spirit-of-the-laws:lesson:4","title":"Climate is a condition, not a destiny","text":"Montesquieu believed heat and cold affect the body and the temper of peoples, but Book XIV insists that good legislators work against the vices a climate encourages. Natural causes set the problem; law, education and religion can answer it.","work":"The Spirit of the Laws","author":"Montesquieu","url":"/works/the-spirit-of-the-laws/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-spirit-of-the-laws:lesson:5","title":"Trade as a bond between peoples","text":"Book XX presents commerce as a force that softens manners and makes nations depend on one another, so that peace becomes their interest. Montesquieu also notes that a purely commercial spirit can make people calculate every service, so he weighs commerce as a good with limits.","work":"The Spirit of the Laws","author":"Montesquieu","url":"/works/the-spirit-of-the-laws/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights:lesson:1","title":"Kingship as service","text":"Merlin tells Arthur that his life belongs not to himself but to his people, and Arthur accepts that he must keep the sheath and fight only in earnest. Pyle presents true kingship as responsibility before God rather than personal glory.","work":"The Story of King Arthur and His Knights","author":"Howard Pyle","url":"/works/the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights:lesson:2","title":"Humility before honor","text":"The future king works in a garden in a cap he refuses to remove, and the knights who mock him are made to serve him. Arthur's humility in Part III is the counterpart of his royalty in Part I.","work":"The Story of King Arthur and His Knights","author":"Howard Pyle","url":"/works/the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights:lesson:3","title":"Wisdom can be beguiled","text":"Merlin foresees his fate and still teaches Vivien the magic that binds him. The story warns that knowledge without self-command can be used against the one who has it.","work":"The Story of King Arthur and His Knights","author":"Howard Pyle","url":"/works/the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights:lesson:4","title":"Duty wedded to inclination","text":"Gawaine marries the old woman because Arthur's word requires it, then gives her her will in courtesy. Pyle's closing teaching is that a person finds joy when inclination is wedded to duty.","work":"The Story of King Arthur and His Knights","author":"Howard Pyle","url":"/works/the-story-of-king-arthur-and-his-knights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth:lesson:1","title":"Wonder as a teacher","text":"Muir says the first Wisconsin spring taught him more than the grammars beaten into him in Dunbar, because its lessons were charmed rather than whipped into him. The book treats attention to birds, frogs, flowers and storms as a real education, one that lasts a lifetime.","work":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","author":"John Muir","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth:lesson:2","title":"Using stolen hours well","text":"Forbidden to read late at night, Muir asks his father whether he may rise early, and is told he may get up as early as he likes. He wakes at one in the morning and spends the five hours on mathematics and inventions. The episode shows how a hungry mind turns a narrow permission into an opportunity.","work":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","author":"John Muir","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth:lesson:3","title":"Honoring a hard father","text":"Muir writes frankly of his father's severity: the thrashings, the long harvest days, the illnesses worked through, the well dug by hand. He also records his father's faith, his rescue at the well, and his permission to study and to leave for the fair. The book shows a son telling the truth about a parent while still giving him his due.","work":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","author":"John Muir","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth:lesson:4","title":"Seeing order in creation","text":"Under the locust tree Mr. Griswold shows Muir that a tree and a pea vine share a family likeness, and argues that the Creator gave plants unity with variety. For Muir the moment opens botany as a lifelong study of harmony in nature.","work":"The Story of My Boyhood and Youth","author":"John Muir","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-boyhood-and-youth/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-story-of-my-life:lesson:1","title":"A word can open a world","text":"At the well-house Helen learns that the spelling in her hand means the water on her skin, and at once everything around her has a name. Her whole education follows from that day. The story shows how much of what we think and feel depends on having words.","work":"The Story of My Life","author":"Helen Keller","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-life/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-story-of-my-life:lesson:2","title":"A good teacher is patient and wise","text":"Anne Sullivan spells into Helen's hand for weeks before Helen understands, teaches out of doors, and waits for the right moment. Helen writes that her teacher's sympathy and tact made learning a joy. The book honors teaching as a gift of love.","work":"The Story of My Life","author":"Helen Keller","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-life/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-story-of-my-life:lesson:3","title":"Every struggle is a victory","text":"Learning to speak, preparing for Radcliffe, and studying with books that were not in braille all took Helen enormous effort. In Chapter XX she says she slips back and falls but keeps climbing. She treats hard work as part of the climb rather than a reason to stop.","work":"The Story of My Life","author":"Helen Keller","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-life/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-story-of-my-life:lesson:4","title":"Friends shape a life","text":"Helen fills her last chapter with thanks to friends who read to her, wrote to her, and believed in her. She says such people make us feel that all is well. Her story suggests that no one becomes who they are alone.","work":"The Story of My Life","author":"Helen Keller","url":"/works/the-story-of-my-life/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde:lesson:1","title":"Respectability is not virtue","text":"Jekyll is honoured, charitable and outwardly devout, yet he has long hidden a desire for pleasures he thinks beneath his dignity. Rather than repent, he invents a way to sin without being seen. Stevenson shows that a reputation guarded for its own sake can become the very cloak under which vice grows.","work":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde:lesson:2","title":"The illusion of control","text":"Jekyll tells Utterson that he can be rid of Hyde the moment he chooses, but each indulgence makes the change easier and the return harder, until Hyde appears in his sleep and in a public park. Habit, Stevenson suggests, slowly reshapes the self. The novella reads as a study of how repeated choices become a master.","work":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde:lesson:3","title":"The divided self and the united person","text":"Jekyll concludes that man is not truly one, but truly two, and he hopes to separate the two natures so each can go its way. The experiment frees only the evil side; the good side gains nothing. The story implies that the moral struggle cannot be escaped by chemistry, only fought within one person.","work":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde:lesson:4","title":"Friendship and silence","text":"Utterson, Lanyon and Poole are loyal men who sense something is wrong yet hesitate to pry, out of courtesy and fear of scandal. Their reticence protects Jekyll's name but leaves him alone with his secret. Stevenson's gentlemen show both the dignity and the cost of not asking.","work":"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-subjection-of-women:lesson:1","title":"Custom is not the same as nature","text":"Mill's first argument is that long habit makes any arrangement feel natural to those who live with it. He asks readers to separate what women are now, after centuries of a particular education and law, from what they might be, and argues that only freedom can show what their nature really is.","work":"The Subjection of Women","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/the-subjection-of-women/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-subjection-of-women:lesson:2","title":"Judge a law by what it permits the worst to do","text":"Mill grants that most English husbands treat their wives far better than the law requires. But laws exist for the bad as well as the good, and a law that gives one person unchecked power over another must be judged by its effects in the worst cases.","work":"The Subjection of Women","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/the-subjection-of-women/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-subjection-of-women:lesson:3","title":"Marriage as a school of equality","text":"Mill believed the family forms character. A household ruled by command trains children in command and obedience; a marriage of equals, he argued, would teach sympathy, justice and the virtues needed by free citizens. His critics answered that a family, like a ship, needs one final authority.","work":"The Subjection of Women","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/the-subjection-of-women/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-subjection-of-women:lesson:4","title":"Wasted talents are a loss to everyone","text":"Mill argues that opening education and professions to women would double the mental power available to society and spare many women a life of frustration. His case is utilitarian: equality is right because it increases the general good and the happiness of individuals.","work":"The Subjection of Women","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/the-subjection-of-women/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-swiss-family-robinson:lesson:1","title":"A father teaches as he works","text":"Almost every task on the island becomes a lesson: the lever, the properties of plants, the habits of animals, the reasons for Sabbath rest. Wyss wrote the book for his own sons, and it shows a home where instruction and labor are the same activity.","work":"The Swiss Family Robinson","author":"Johann David Wyss","url":"/works/the-swiss-family-robinson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-swiss-family-robinson:lesson:2","title":"Providence and diligence together","text":"The family prays before and after every venture and also works from dawn to dark. The book never treats faith as a reason to wait idly or skill as a reason to forget God.","work":"The Swiss Family Robinson","author":"Johann David Wyss","url":"/works/the-swiss-family-robinson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-swiss-family-robinson:lesson:3","title":"Making a wilderness into a home","text":"The family names landmarks, builds Falconhurst and Rockburg, plants gardens and keeps holidays. Home is shown as something a household builds and orders, not just a place it finds.","work":"The Swiss Family Robinson","author":"Johann David Wyss","url":"/works/the-swiss-family-robinson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-swiss-family-robinson:lesson:4","title":"Brothers in unity","text":"Four very different sons learn to rely on one another's gifts. The father's closing wish quotes the psalmist's praise of brethren dwelling together in unity.","work":"The Swiss Family Robinson","author":"Johann David Wyss","url":"/works/the-swiss-family-robinson/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-sword-in-the-stone:lesson:1","title":"Learning as a remedy","text":"When the Wart is miserable at the thought of being Kay's squire, Merlyn tells him that the cure for sadness is to learn something. The book itself is a long schooling in which the boy who expects nothing becomes fit for the highest office by learning about every kind of life.","work":"The Sword in the Stone","author":"T. H. White","url":"/works/the-sword-in-the-stone/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-sword-in-the-stone:lesson:2","title":"Might is not right","text":"The pike in the moat tells the Wart that there is no power but power itself, and the boy is nearly eaten for listening. Merlyn's lessons set the Wart against that view, so that the future king learns early that strength alone is a bad rule for a kingdom.","work":"The Sword in the Stone","author":"T. H. White","url":"/works/the-sword-in-the-stone/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-sword-in-the-stone:lesson:3","title":"The humble one is chosen","text":"Kay is the knight and heir; the Wart is the foundling who fetches swords. Yet it is the Wart, sent on a squire's errand, who draws the sword from the stone. White shows that the boy who expected only to serve has the heart that makes a good ruler.","work":"The Sword in the Stone","author":"T. H. White","url":"/works/the-sword-in-the-stone/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-sword-in-the-stone:lesson:4","title":"Comedy and kindness","text":"White laughs at knights who joust for hours and at a king forever chasing a beast he never catches, but he never laughs cruelly. Pellinore, Sir Ector and the hunters are foolish and lovable at once, and the book teaches the reader to enjoy people's oddities with affection.","work":"The Sword in the Stone","author":"T. H. White","url":"/works/the-sword-in-the-stone/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-symposium:lesson:1","title":"Desire reveals lack","text":"Diotima makes eros a sign that we do not possess what we seek. Love becomes diagnostic: it shows the soul its poverty and direction.","work":"The Symposium","author":"Plato","url":"/works/the-symposium/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-symposium:lesson:2","title":"The body can educate the soul","text":"The ladder of love does not simply despise bodies; it begins with them and asks desire to widen. Plato imagines sublimation as training.","work":"The Symposium","author":"Plato","url":"/works/the-symposium/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-symposium:lesson:3","title":"Philosophy competes with intoxication","text":"The banquet setting matters: wine, jealousy and erotic display surround the search for truth. Socrates’ sobriety is itself a dramatic claim.","work":"The Symposium","author":"Plato","url":"/works/the-symposium/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-tale-of-peter-rabbit:lesson:1","title":"Disobedience has a plot","text":"Peters choice starts a chain of feast, fright, loss, and sickness.","work":"The Tale of Peter Rabbit","author":"Beatrix Potter","url":"/works/the-tale-of-peter-rabbit/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-tale-of-peter-rabbit:lesson:2","title":"Mercy at home","text":"Peter is put to bed, not cast out. The text itself supplies the evidence; students should point to scenes, not slogans.","work":"The Tale of Peter Rabbit","author":"Beatrix Potter","url":"/works/the-tale-of-peter-rabbit/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-tale-of-peter-rabbit:lesson:3","title":"Exact seeing","text":"Lettuces, radishes, brass buttons—precision as literary virtue.","work":"The Tale of Peter Rabbit","author":"Beatrix Potter","url":"/works/the-tale-of-peter-rabbit/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-taming-of-the-shrew:lesson:1","title":"The tongue and the heart","text":"Kate's anger is spoken anger: she says her tongue must tell her heart's anger or her heart will break. Petruchio answers words with louder words until she learns to play his game. The play is fascinated by how speech can wound, win and change a person.","work":"The Taming of the Shrew","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-taming-of-the-shrew/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-taming-of-the-shrew:lesson:2","title":"Inner worth over outward show","text":"Petruchio arrives at his wedding in rags and sends away Kate's fine gown, arguing that the mind makes the body rich and honour shows through mean clothing. The Bianca plot, all disguise and swapped clothes, shows the opposite danger: people taken for what they wear.","work":"The Taming of the Shrew","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-taming-of-the-shrew/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-taming-of-the-shrew:lesson:3","title":"Marriage as mutual duty","text":"Kate's last speech grounds a wife's obedience in the husband's duty to labour, endure danger and care for her. Whether audiences hear it as sincere, ironic or as a private game between the couple, it sets marriage within an order of reciprocal obligations rather than mere preference.","work":"The Taming of the Shrew","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-taming-of-the-shrew/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-taming-of-the-shrew:lesson:4","title":"The frame of Christopher Sly","text":"The whole comedy is performed for a drunk who has been persuaded he is a lord. Sly's transformation by clothes and flattery mirrors the play's other changes of identity and reminds the audience that they are watching a story.","work":"The Taming of the Shrew","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-taming-of-the-shrew/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-tempest:lesson:1","title":"The rarer action","text":"Prospero has every enemy in his power by Act V and every reason to punish them. Ariel's pity for the captives shames him into choosing forgiveness, which he calls a rarer action than vengeance. The play shows that power is proved more truly in mercy than in punishment.","work":"The Tempest","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-tempest/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-tempest:lesson:2","title":"Rule of oneself before rule of others","text":"Prospero lost Milan because he neglected government for study, and on the island he governs spirits and men by force. Ferdinand must earn Miranda by labor and restraint, and Prospero ends by mastering his own fury. Shakespeare places self-government at the root of every other kind.","work":"The Tempest","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-tempest/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-tempest:lesson:3","title":"Master and servant","text":"Ariel serves for the promise of freedom; Caliban serves under compulsion and curses the teacher who gave him language. The play lets both voices speak and does not settle the question of Prospero's right to the island. In the end Prospero acknowledges Caliban as his own.","work":"The Tempest","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-tempest/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-tempest:lesson:4","title":"Such stuff as dreams","text":"After the masque vanishes, Prospero says the whole world will dissolve like a pageant and that human life ends in sleep. The play holds together delight in art and a sober sense of mortality, and its last word is a request for pardon.","work":"The Tempest","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/the-tempest/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall:lesson:1","title":"Marrying to reform","text":"Helen marries Huntingdon believing her love and goodness will change him, against her aunt's warnings. The diary traces how that hope fails and why: he has no wish to change, and she cannot choose for him. The novel treats judgment of character before marriage as a moral duty, not mere caution.","work":"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","author":"Anne Brontë","url":"/works/the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall:lesson:2","title":"Protecting a child's conscience","text":"Helen's argument with the Markhams in Chapter III and her conduct at Grassdale show her conviction that children should be guarded from vice and armed with principle rather than left to learn by bad experience. Her flight is above all an act of protection for her son.","work":"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","author":"Anne Brontë","url":"/works/the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall:lesson:3","title":"Faith under trial","text":"Helen prays through years of misery, refuses Hargrave because of her vows, and returns to nurse the husband who wronged her. Her steadfastness is not passive; she acts, flees, works and, at the last, urges him to repent. The book presents faith as endurance joined to action.","work":"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","author":"Anne Brontë","url":"/works/the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall:lesson:4","title":"Rumor and rash judgment","text":"Gilbert and the village condemn Mrs. Graham on appearances, and Gilbert's jealousy leads him to strike her brother. The frame story shows the harm of judging before knowing the whole story, which only the diary can supply.","work":"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","author":"Anne Brontë","url":"/works/the-tenant-of-wildfell-hall/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-theban-plays:lesson:1","title":"Knowledge can arrive as catastrophe","text":"Oedipus is admirable because he seeks truth, yet truth destroys the identity he lives by. Sophocles asks whether self-knowledge is still good when it ruins us.","work":"The Theban Plays","author":"Sophocles","url":"/works/the-theban-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-theban-plays:lesson:2","title":"Law needs humility before the dead","text":"Antigone shows a political order collapsing when it refuses burial and grief. The dead retain claims the state cannot erase.","work":"The Theban Plays","author":"Sophocles","url":"/works/the-theban-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-theban-plays:lesson:3","title":"Prophecy does not remove responsibility","text":"The plays are filled with oracles, but choices still matter. Tragedy lives in the overlap between necessity and character.","work":"The Theban Plays","author":"Sophocles","url":"/works/the-theban-plays/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-thirty-nine-steps:lesson:1","title":"Carrying on another man's work","text":"Hannay has no duty to Scudder beyond four days of hospitality, yet the sight of the dead man's face makes him resolve to finish what Scudder began. Buchan presents courage as an ordinary man's decision to keep faith with someone who trusted him, not as fearlessness.","work":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","author":"John Buchan","url":"/works/the-thirty-nine-steps/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-thirty-nine-steps:lesson:2","title":"Strangers who help","text":"Almost every stage of Hannay's escape depends on someone who chooses to trust or help a stranger: the milkman, the innkeeper, Sir Harry, Turnbull and the drover Hislop. Turnbull's silent nursing in Chapter VII is the quietest and most generous act in the book.","work":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","author":"John Buchan","url":"/works/the-thirty-nine-steps/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-thirty-nine-steps:lesson:3","title":"Disguise and the inner part","text":"Hannay learns from an old Rhodesian scout that a disguise works only if a man thinks himself into the part. The same principle explains the enemy's success: the spies at Trafalgar Lodge are dangerous because they have become, for the moment, the comfortable English gentlemen they pretend to be. Recognition finally comes from a small habit that no disguise has erased.","work":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","author":"John Buchan","url":"/works/the-thirty-nine-steps/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-thirty-nine-steps:lesson:4","title":"Reasoning from scraps","text":"In Chapter IX Hannay works out the meaning of Scudder's note by writing down what he knows, what follows from it, and what can be ruled out, then asks the right expert, a coastguard. Buchan shows careful reasoning winning out where force and luck cannot.","work":"The Thirty-Nine Steps","author":"John Buchan","url":"/works/the-thirty-nine-steps/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-three-musketeers:lesson:1","title":"Four swords, one oath","text":"The friendship of d'Artagnan, Athos, Porthos and Aramis begins in a string of foolish quarrels and becomes a sworn loyalty. Each friend has a different temperament and failing, yet they pool their money, cover each other's absences and ride into danger together. Dumas shows friendship as a practical, costly commitment rather than a feeling.","work":"The Three Musketeers","author":"Alexandre Dumas","url":"/works/the-three-musketeers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-three-musketeers:lesson:2","title":"Courage and recklessness","text":"D'Artagnan's father tells him to fear no quarrel and to fight on all occasions, and the young Gascon obeys almost too well. Over the novel his courage becomes more disciplined: he learns to plan, to wait, and to choose fights worth having, as in the council held on the bastion Saint-Gervais.","work":"The Three Musketeers","author":"Alexandre Dumas","url":"/works/the-three-musketeers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-three-musketeers:lesson:3","title":"Loyalty to king, queen and conscience","text":"The musketeers serve Louis XIII, yet they risk their lives to protect the queen from the king's suspicion and the Cardinal's schemes. Richelieu is no mere villain: he governs France, besieges La Rochelle, and rewards d'Artagnan's courage at the end. The novel sets several loyalties side by side and lets readers ask how they fit together.","work":"The Three Musketeers","author":"Alexandre Dumas","url":"/works/the-three-musketeers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-three-musketeers:lesson:4","title":"Justice, vengeance and pardon","text":"The friends try Milady by night in a lonely place, list her crimes and hand her to an executioner. Each of them pronounces a pardon before she dies, and Athos pays the executioner so that it may be plain they act as judges. Dumas leaves the scene morally weighty and unresolved, a private tribunal acting where the king's justice has not.","work":"The Three Musketeers","author":"Alexandre Dumas","url":"/works/the-three-musketeers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-travels-of-marco-polo:lesson:1","title":"Things seen and things heard","text":"The Prologue promises to set down things seen as seen and things heard as heard only. Readers can test this promise: some chapters are plainly first-hand, with distances, prices and customs, while others repeat stories of griffins, Prester John or the Land of Darkness. Learning to tell eyewitness report from hearsay is the first lesson of reading any traveller.","work":"The Travels of Marco Polo","author":"Marco Polo (with Rustichello da Pisa)","url":"/works/the-travels-of-marco-polo/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-travels-of-marco-polo:lesson:2","title":"A merchant's eye on a great empire","text":"Marco notices what a Venetian trader would: paper money, coal, salt, pepper, silk, the post-stations, the bridges and canals of Kinsay. His admiration for Kublai's government, wealth and order made Europe aware that a civilization larger and richer than its own lay at the far end of Asia.","work":"The Travels of Marco Polo","author":"Marco Polo (with Rustichello da Pisa)","url":"/works/the-travels-of-marco-polo/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-travels-of-marco-polo:lesson:3","title":"Faith among the nations","text":"The Polos meet Nestorian Christians, Muslims, Buddhists and others along their road. Kublai asks for a hundred learned Christians who can argue for their faith, and in Ceylon Marco says that Sagamoni Borcan led so pure a life that, had he been a Christian, he would have been a great saint. The book shows a medieval Christian taking other peoples' religions seriously as he describes them.","work":"The Travels of Marco Polo","author":"Marco Polo (with Rustichello da Pisa)","url":"/works/the-travels-of-marco-polo/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-travels-of-marco-polo:lesson:4","title":"Truth and doubt","text":"From the beginning some readers thought the book exaggerated, and scholars still debate how much Marco saw himself. Some note that he omits the Great Wall, tea and the binding of women's feet, and that the Polos could not have helped at Saianfu, whose siege ended before they arrived; others point to his accurate details of salt production, paper currency and the princess Cocachin's voyage, confirmed by Persian and Chinese records. The debate is a good model of weighing evidence.","work":"The Travels of Marco Polo","author":"Marco Polo (with Rustichello da Pisa)","url":"/works/the-travels-of-marco-polo/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-trial-of-joan-of-arc:lesson:1","title":"A hostile archive can preserve a living voice","text":"The trial aimed to control and condemn Joan, yet its questions and answers preserve her pressure-tested intelligence. Readers must use the record gratefully and suspiciously at once.","work":"The Trial of Joan of Arc","author":"Jeanne d'Arc; Pierre Cauchon; Guillaume Bouille; T. Douglas Murray","url":"/works/the-trial-of-joan-of-arc/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-trial-of-joan-of-arc:lesson:2","title":"Vision becomes dangerous when it authorizes action","text":"Joan's voices were not private consolations; they justified travel, clothing, military intervention, and political obedience. That public effect made them intolerable to enemies and difficult for church authorities to manage.","work":"The Trial of Joan of Arc","author":"Jeanne d'Arc; Pierre Cauchon; Guillaume Bouille; T. Douglas Murray","url":"/works/the-trial-of-joan-of-arc/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-trial-of-joan-of-arc:lesson:3","title":"Retrospective diagnosis can become another trial","text":"Modern theories about epilepsy, psychosis, migraine, or trauma can illuminate possibilities, but they can also repeat the court's urge to master Joan by classification. Historical tact means admitting uncertainty.","work":"The Trial of Joan of Arc","author":"Jeanne d'Arc; Pierre Cauchon; Guillaume Bouille; T. Douglas Murray","url":"/works/the-trial-of-joan-of-arc/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-trial-of-joan-of-arc:lesson:4","title":"Canonization and nationalism edit the same person differently","text":"The saint, the patriot, the feminist icon, and the tragic child are all later Joans. Each afterlife is revealing, but none should replace the difficult trial record.","work":"The Trial of Joan of Arc","author":"Jeanne d'Arc; Pierre Cauchon; Guillaume Bouille; T. Douglas Murray","url":"/works/the-trial-of-joan-of-arc/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-trial:lesson:1","title":"A law that cannot be seen","text":"K. is accused under a law no one will show him, by a court whose higher judges no defendant ever meets. Kafka builds the novel's dread not from cruelty alone but from the absence of any reason given, so that every attempt to understand the system draws K. deeper into it.","work":"The Trial","author":"Franz Kafka","url":"/works/the-trial/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-trial:lesson:2","title":"The question of guilt","text":"K. insists from the start that he is innocent, yet he behaves increasingly like a guilty man, neglecting his work and thinking of nothing but the case. The novel leaves open whether the court pursues a real fault, an imagined one, or simply the condition of being human.","work":"The Trial","author":"Franz Kafka","url":"/works/the-trial/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-trial:lesson:3","title":"Before the Law","text":"The parable told in the cathedral compresses the novel: a man waits all his life at a door meant only for him, never daring to go through. The chaplain and K. argue over whether the doorkeeper deceived the man or served him, and the novel lets the parable stand without a final reading.","work":"The Trial","author":"Franz Kafka","url":"/works/the-trial/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-trial:lesson:4","title":"Seeking help in the wrong places","text":"K. turns in succession to his uncle, a lawyer, a nurse, a manufacturer and a painter, each of whom offers influence rather than truth. Block, the merchant reduced to servility after five years, shows where such help leads.","work":"The Trial","author":"Franz Kafka","url":"/works/the-trial/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-trojan-war:lesson:1","title":"Small choices, great wars","text":"The war begins with a golden apple and a young man's vanity, and it ends with a city burned and kings murdered at their own hearths. Coolidge's opening chapters let readers see how pride, desire and broken oaths grow into catastrophe for thousands who had no part in the first choice.","work":"The Trojan War","author":"Olivia Coolidge","url":"/works/the-trojan-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-trojan-war:lesson:2","title":"Anger and its cost","text":"Achilles' quarrel with Agamemnon leads him to sit out the fighting until his friend Patroclus dies in his place. His anger then turns into a revenge so fierce that he drags Hector's body. Only when old Priam comes to him in grief does Achilles remember his own father and give the body back.","work":"The Trojan War","author":"Olivia Coolidge","url":"/works/the-trojan-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-trojan-war:lesson:3","title":"Two kinds of hero","text":"Hector fights to defend his family and city, knowing he may lose; Odysseus wins by wit, disguise and patience. The book holds up strength, cunning, loyalty and endurance as different shapes of courage and lets readers weigh them.","work":"The Trojan War","author":"Olivia Coolidge","url":"/works/the-trojan-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-trojan-war:lesson:4","title":"Victory is not the end","text":"The final chapters show the Greek winners scattered, delayed and even killed on returning home, while the Trojan women go into slavery. Coolidge carries the story past the sack of Troy so that readers see what war leaves behind.","work":"The Trojan War","author":"Olivia Coolidge","url":"/works/the-trojan-war/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-true-story-of-my-life:lesson:1","title":"Hardship on the road to a dream","text":"At fourteen Andersen tells his mother that famous people first go through much adversity, then become famous. In Copenhagen he is laughed at, dismissed by the theatre and nearly penniless, and at school he is mocked by his rector. He keeps working and trusting, and his story shows that early failures need not decide the end.","work":"The True Story of My Life","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/the-true-story-of-my-life/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-true-story-of-my-life:lesson:2","title":"Gratitude to helpers","text":"Andersen names the people who helped him: Siboni, Weyse, Guldberg, Collin and the king. He calls Collin a father and says that from the prince to the poorest peasant he has met noble hearts. Students see that even a self-made life depends on the kindness of others.","work":"The True Story of My Life","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/the-true-story-of-my-life/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-true-story-of-my-life:lesson:3","title":"Seeing life as a story guided by God","text":"Andersen begins and ends by saying that his life is a fairy tale directed by a loving God. He sees good coming even from sorrow, such as his father's death and his years at school. His faith shapes how he tells every chapter.","work":"The True Story of My Life","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/the-true-story-of-my-life/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-true-story-of-my-life:lesson:4","title":"Criticism and humility","text":"Andersen admits he is hurt by critics and pleased by praise, and wonders at the end whether telling of his honours is vanity. He hopes his heart has been both affected and humble. The book lets students think about how to receive praise and criticism honestly.","work":"The True Story of My Life","author":"Hans Christian Andersen","url":"/works/the-true-story-of-my-life/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-trumpet-of-the-swan:lesson:1","title":"Turning a weakness into a gift","text":"Louis cannot make the one sound every trumpeter swan makes. Instead of giving up, he learns to write and then to play music, and the trumpet becomes something more beautiful than an ordinary swan's voice. White shows that hard work can turn a lack into a calling.","work":"The Trumpet of the Swan","author":"E. B. White","url":"/works/the-trumpet-of-the-swan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-trumpet-of-the-swan:lesson:2","title":"Paying what you owe","text":"The cob takes the trumpet for love of his son, but it is still a theft, and both father and son know it. Louis works at camp, in Boston and in Philadelphia until he has enough to repay the storekeeper and the broken window.","work":"The Trumpet of the Swan","author":"E. B. White","url":"/works/the-trumpet-of-the-swan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-trumpet-of-the-swan:lesson:3","title":"A friend who keeps secrets and keeps faith","text":"Sam keeps the swans' nest secret, drives off the fox, takes Louis to school, and travels east to speak for him at the zoo. White draws a friendship in which a boy respects wild creatures and helps them stay free.","work":"The Trumpet of the Swan","author":"E. B. White","url":"/works/the-trumpet-of-the-swan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-turn-of-the-screw-and-the-aspern-papers:lesson:1","title":"Interpretation can become violence","text":"Both novellas show reading as an action with consequences. To interpret another person too possessively may injure the person one claims to understand or save.","work":"The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern Papers","author":"Henry James","url":"/works/the-turn-of-the-screw-and-the-aspern-papers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-turn-of-the-screw-and-the-aspern-papers:lesson:2","title":"Ambiguity is an ethical structure","text":"James does not merely hide information; he makes uncertainty the medium of judgment. Readers must decide how much pressure to place on narrators who may themselves be dangerous.","work":"The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern Papers","author":"Henry James","url":"/works/the-turn-of-the-screw-and-the-aspern-papers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-turn-of-the-screw-and-the-aspern-papers:lesson:3","title":"Care can disguise control","text":"The governess speaks the language of protection while intensifying surveillance. The novella asks whether saving a child can become a fantasy of ownership.","work":"The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern Papers","author":"Henry James","url":"/works/the-turn-of-the-screw-and-the-aspern-papers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-turn-of-the-screw-and-the-aspern-papers:lesson:4","title":"Archives have living costs","text":"The Aspern narrator treats documents as more real than the women guarding them. James teaches that scholarship without consent can reproduce exploitation.","work":"The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern Papers","author":"Henry James","url":"/works/the-turn-of-the-screw-and-the-aspern-papers/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-twelve-caesars:lesson:1","title":"Biography can make the body political","text":"Suetonius repeatedly treats appearance, appetite, illness and sexual behavior as signs of rule. The work teaches how ancient political judgment often passed through bodily anecdote.","work":"The Twelve Caesars","author":"Suetonius","url":"/works/the-twelve-caesars/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-twelve-caesars:lesson:2","title":"Anecdote preserves and distorts","text":"The book is indispensable because it records vivid details, but those same details can be rumor, moral theatre or hostile tradition. Readers must value evidence without surrendering judgment.","work":"The Twelve Caesars","author":"Suetonius","url":"/works/the-twelve-caesars/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-twelve-caesars:lesson:3","title":"Power magnifies private disorder","text":"Whether or not every scandal is factual, Suetonius shows a Roman belief that private vice becomes public danger when attached to absolute power.","work":"The Twelve Caesars","author":"Suetonius","url":"/works/the-twelve-caesars/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-twelve-caesars:lesson:4","title":"Death scenes summarize lives","text":"Each emperor's death is treated as revelation: murder, suicide, serenity, panic or omen becomes final commentary. Ancient biography turns dying into moral interpretation.","work":"The Twelve Caesars","author":"Suetonius","url":"/works/the-twelve-caesars/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-tyger:lesson:1","title":"The question that is the poem","text":"The Tyger is built almost entirely of questions, and none is answered. Blake teaches by withholding: the reader is left inside the speaker's awe, made to feel how hard it is to see one Creator behind both lamb and tiger.","work":"The Tyger","author":"William Blake","url":"/works/the-tyger/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-tyger:lesson:2","title":"Creation as a forge","text":"In stanzas 3 and 4 the Creator is a smith with hammer, chain, furnace and anvil, working by force and heat. The image presents making as dangerous labour, and the tiger as something wrought rather than gently grown.","work":"The Tyger","author":"William Blake","url":"/works/the-tyger/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-tyger:lesson:3","title":"Two contrary states","text":"The Tyger answers The Lamb of Songs of Innocence. Blake sets innocence and experience side by side without letting either cancel the other, and the line about him who made the Lamb asks the reader to hold both creatures together under one maker.","work":"The Tyger","author":"William Blake","url":"/works/the-tyger/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-underdogs:lesson:1","title":"Revolution needs more than grievance","text":"Demetrio's reasons for rebellion are real, but the movement around him lacks durable moral direction. The novel teaches that just anger can be absorbed by violence unless political purpose remains accountable.","work":"The Underdogs","author":"Mariano Azuela","url":"/works/the-underdogs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-underdogs:lesson:2","title":"Ideology can arrive after action","text":"Luis Cervantes gives eloquent explanations for what others are already doing. Azuela shows how educated language can dignify, distort or exploit popular struggle.","work":"The Underdogs","author":"Mariano Azuela","url":"/works/the-underdogs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-underdogs:lesson:3","title":"War damages moral perception","text":"Repeated violence changes what characters notice, excuse and desire. The book's brevity intensifies its sense that people become accustomed to brutality before they can interpret it.","work":"The Underdogs","author":"Mariano Azuela","url":"/works/the-underdogs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-underdogs:lesson:4","title":"Women reveal the cost of masculine myth","text":"Camila and La Pintada expose the sexual vulnerability, jealousy and coercion inside revolutionary camaraderie. Their scenes prevent the war story from remaining purely heroic.","work":"The Underdogs","author":"Mariano Azuela","url":"/works/the-underdogs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-vampyre:lesson:1","title":"Predation can wear social polish","text":"Ruthven's danger lies in his acceptability. The tale teaches that rank, charm and fashionable detachment can protect destructive behavior from scrutiny.","work":"The Vampyre","author":"John Polidori","url":"/works/the-vampyre/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-vampyre:lesson:2","title":"Speech can be medically and morally blocked","text":"Aubrey's oath turns knowledge into paralysis. His inability to speak becomes bodily collapse, showing secrecy as a lethal mind-body burden.","work":"The Vampyre","author":"John Polidori","url":"/works/the-vampyre/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-vampyre:lesson:3","title":"Folklore knows what sophistication denies","text":"Ianthe's local vampire lore proves more accurate than Aubrey's skeptical education. The tale gives folk knowledge a diagnostic authority that elite cosmopolitanism lacks.","work":"The Vampyre","author":"John Polidori","url":"/works/the-vampyre/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-varieties-of-religious-experience:lesson:1","title":"Fruits, not roots","text":"James answers 'medical materialism' by separating questions of origin from questions of value. Even if every religious genius had a nervous disorder, the worth of their insights must be judged by their effects on life. The argument remains useful wherever a diagnosis is used to dismiss a person's experience or ideas.","work":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-varieties-of-religious-experience/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-varieties-of-religious-experience:lesson:2","title":"Two temperaments facing evil","text":"The contrast between healthy-minded and sick souls is temperamental before it is theological. James respects the optimism of the once-born but finds the sick soul's vision deeper because it takes suffering seriously. The book thus treats melancholy not only as a disorder but also as a form of insight.","work":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-varieties-of-religious-experience/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-varieties-of-religious-experience:lesson:3","title":"Conversion as reorganisation of the self","text":"James describes conversion as a shift in the 'habitual centre of personal energy', prepared by subconscious processes and experienced as given from outside. This psychological account is neutral about whether anything divine is involved, which allows him to compare religious conversion with recoveries from addiction and despair.","work":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-varieties-of-religious-experience/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-varieties-of-religious-experience:lesson:4","title":"Other forms of consciousness","text":"From his own experiments with nitrous oxide James concludes that ordinary waking consciousness is only one type, separated by the filmiest of screens from others. Mystical states may not prove anything to outsiders, but they forbid a premature closing of our accounts with reality.","work":"The Varieties of Religious Experience","author":"William James","url":"/works/the-varieties-of-religious-experience/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-velveteen-rabbit:lesson:1","title":"Realness takes time","text":"The Skin Horses definition—love over a long time—corrects the wish for instant magic.","work":"The Velveteen Rabbit","author":"Margery Williams","url":"/works/the-velveteen-rabbit/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-velveteen-rabbit:lesson:2","title":"Love can wear things out","text":"Shabbiness becomes a sign of being cherished, not of failure.","work":"The Velveteen Rabbit","author":"Margery Williams","url":"/works/the-velveteen-rabbit/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-velveteen-rabbit:lesson:3","title":"Parting and hope","text":"Fever and the rubbish fire threaten the rabbit; the ending grants a different life, not denial of loss.","work":"The Velveteen Rabbit","author":"Margery Williams","url":"/works/the-velveteen-rabbit/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-voyage-of-the-beagle:lesson:1","title":"The Voyage of the Beagle teaches historical caution","text":"The Voyage of the Beagle rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"The Voyage of the Beagle","author":"Charles Darwin","url":"/works/the-voyage-of-the-beagle/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-voyage-of-the-beagle:lesson:2","title":"The Voyage of the Beagle links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"The Voyage of the Beagle","author":"Charles Darwin","url":"/works/the-voyage-of-the-beagle/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-voyage-of-the-beagle:lesson:3","title":"The Voyage of the Beagle complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"The Voyage of the Beagle","author":"Charles Darwin","url":"/works/the-voyage-of-the-beagle/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-voyage-of-the-beagle:lesson:4","title":"The Voyage of the Beagle warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"The Voyage of the Beagle","author":"Charles Darwin","url":"/works/the-voyage-of-the-beagle/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-voyage-of-the-dawn-treader:lesson:1","title":"Becoming a new person","text":"Eustace becomes a dragon by sleeping on a hoard with greedy thoughts, and he cannot tear off the dragon skin by his own efforts; only Aslan's painful claws can do it. The scene shows that real change comes as a gift that has to be accepted, and that afterwards the change still has to be lived out day by day.","work":"The Voyage of the Dawn Treader","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-voyage-of-the-dawn-treader/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-voyage-of-the-dawn-treader:lesson:2","title":"Courage with courtesy","text":"Reepicheep is the smallest member of the crew and the bravest. He fights Eustace to teach him manners, comforts him when he is a dragon, and goes willingly to the end of the world.","work":"The Voyage of the Dawn Treader","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-voyage-of-the-dawn-treader/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-voyage-of-the-dawn-treader:lesson:3","title":"Temptation in small things","text":"On Deathwater, Caspian and Edmund quarrel over the gold-making pool, and in the magician's house Lucy is tempted by a spell for beauty and by the spell that lets her hear what her friends say about her. The book treats envy, greed and curiosity as ordinary dangers that Aslan steps in to stop.","work":"The Voyage of the Dawn Treader","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-voyage-of-the-dawn-treader/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-voyage-of-the-dawn-treader:lesson:4","title":"Longing for Aslan's country","text":"Reepicheep's whole voyage is aimed at the utter East, and the ending shows the children that Aslan is also present in their own world under another name. The book teaches that the deepest longing points beyond any place on a map.","work":"The Voyage of the Dawn Treader","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/the-voyage-of-the-dawn-treader/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-war-of-the-worlds:lesson:1","title":"Complacency before the unknown","text":"The first chapter describes men going about their little affairs, sure of their mastery of matter, while they are studied like creatures in a drop of water. Wells uses the invasion to puncture that assurance. The epilogue concludes that the earth can no longer be regarded as a fenced and secure dwelling place.","work":"The War of the Worlds","author":"H. G. Wells","url":"/works/the-war-of-the-worlds/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-war-of-the-worlds:lesson:2","title":"Two ways of breaking down","text":"The curate and the artilleryman respond to catastrophe in opposite ways. The curate collapses into lament and blame, asking what sins Weybridge has done; the artilleryman makes bold plans for a new human order underground but does almost nothing. The narrator, frightened and sometimes harsh, keeps observing and acting, and the book asks the reader to judge all three.","work":"The War of the Worlds","author":"H. G. Wells","url":"/works/the-war-of-the-worlds/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-war-of-the-worlds:lesson:3","title":"Humility before the smallest things","text":"Every human weapon fails; the Martians are killed by bacteria. The narrator describes them as slain by the humblest things God has put upon the earth, and adds that by the toll of a billion deaths man has bought his birthright. Wells joins the language of providence to the language of natural selection and leaves readers to weigh how the two fit together.","work":"The War of the Worlds","author":"H. G. Wells","url":"/works/the-war-of-the-worlds/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-war-of-the-worlds:lesson:4","title":"The fragile order of a city","text":"The brother's chapters show London's institutions failing within a day: the newspapers, the railway, the police. Crowds trample one another on the roads north, and robbers attack travellers, while some people show courage and kindness. The novel looks soberly at how a society behaves when ordinary supports give way.","work":"The War of the Worlds","author":"H. G. Wells","url":"/works/the-war-of-the-worlds/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-warden:lesson:1","title":"Institutions can compromise good people","text":"Harding is not greedy, yet he benefits from an unjust arrangement. Trollope teaches that moral responsibility can exist without villainy.","work":"The Warden","author":"Anthony Trollope","url":"/works/the-warden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-warden:lesson:2","title":"Reform can injure when it abstracts people","text":"Bold's cause has merit, but the campaign turns Harding and the bedesmen into public symbols. Reform requires attention to consequences for actual dependents.","work":"The Warden","author":"Anthony Trollope","url":"/works/the-warden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-warden:lesson:3","title":"Legal right is not moral peace","text":"The lawyers may defend Harding's position, but conscience does not accept legality as sufficient. The novel distinguishes winning a case from living with oneself.","work":"The Warden","author":"Anthony Trollope","url":"/works/the-warden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-warden:lesson:4","title":"Care institutions are moral ecosystems","text":"Hiram's Hospital is not only a financial trust; it is a community of aging bodies, habits and dependencies. Changing it alters relationships as well as accounts.","work":"The Warden","author":"Anthony Trollope","url":"/works/the-warden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-waves:lesson:1","title":"Selfhood is plural","text":"No single voice owns the novel. Woolf teaches that identity forms through contrast, echo, memory and the imagined presence of others.","work":"The Waves","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/the-waves/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-waves:lesson:2","title":"Form can imitate consciousness","text":"The Waves abandons conventional plot to capture rhythmic mental life. Its structure teaches readers to follow pattern, image and recurrence as forms of knowledge.","work":"The Waves","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/the-waves/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-waves:lesson:3","title":"Language both saves and falsifies","text":"Bernard's phrases preserve experience but also risk turning life into performance. Woolf asks whether speech connects us or only arranges loss beautifully.","work":"The Waves","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/the-waves/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-waves:lesson:4","title":"Grief reveals the group's hidden structure","text":"Percival's death does not simply remove a friend; it exposes how the others invested him with unity, courage and desire. Mourning shows what their friendship had imagined itself to be.","work":"The Waves","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/the-waves/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-wealth-of-nations:lesson:1","title":"Specialization multiplies what labour can produce","text":"The pin factory shows that dividing a task among many hands multiplies output far beyond what the same people could make alone. Smith traces much of the difference between rich and poor nations to how far this division has gone, and how far markets allow it to go.","work":"The Wealth of Nations","author":"Adam Smith","url":"/works/the-wealth-of-nations/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-wealth-of-nations:lesson:2","title":"Exchange works through interest, not only benevolence","text":"Smith observes that most of what we need comes to us through exchange with strangers who serve us because it serves them. This does not deny benevolence, which his Theory of Moral Sentiments treats at length; it explains how cooperation can reach far beyond the circle of friends.","work":"The Wealth of Nations","author":"Adam Smith","url":"/works/the-wealth-of-nations/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-wealth-of-nations:lesson:3","title":"Watch the interests of the producer","text":"Smith repeatedly warns that merchants and manufacturers seek monopolies and regulations that raise their profits at the public's expense, and that the mercantile system was built on their advice. The interest of the consumer, he says, should come first, since consumption is the end of all production.","work":"The Wealth of Nations","author":"Adam Smith","url":"/works/the-wealth-of-nations/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-wealth-of-nations:lesson:4","title":"A system of natural liberty still needs a sovereign","text":"Smith is not against government. Under natural liberty the sovereign still has duties of defence, impartial justice, and the public works and institutions, including schools, that individuals cannot profitably provide. Taxes should be equal, certain, convenient and cheap to collect.","work":"The Wealth of Nations","author":"Adam Smith","url":"/works/the-wealth-of-nations/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-wealth-of-nations:lesson:5","title":"The wealth of a people, not of its treasury","text":"Smith measures national wealth by the necessaries and conveniences of life enjoyed by the people, and holds that the labouring poor who feed, clothe and lodge the nation should themselves be well fed, clothed and lodged. Generous wages are a sign of a growing society.","work":"The Wealth of Nations","author":"Adam Smith","url":"/works/the-wealth-of-nations/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-wind-in-the-willows:lesson:1","title":"Home as a virtue","text":"Dulce Domum and related chapters treat homecoming as moral music, not mere setting.","work":"The Wind in the Willows","author":"Kenneth Grahame","url":"/works/the-wind-in-the-willows/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-wind-in-the-willows:lesson:2","title":"Pride goes motorcar-ing","text":"Toad’s boasts and machines show folly; friends restrain and restore him.","work":"The Wind in the Willows","author":"Kenneth Grahame","url":"/works/the-wind-in-the-willows/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-wind-in-the-willows:lesson:3","title":"Adventure and awe","text":"The book holds both scrapes and sacred river hush; children need both tempos.","work":"The Wind in the Willows","author":"Kenneth Grahame","url":"/works/the-wind-in-the-willows/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-wise-woman:lesson:1","title":"A mood is not a change of heart","text":"Rosamond feels good for an hour by the cottage fire and decides she has become good. MacDonald shows that real change is proved in doing the next task when one does not feel like it, and that a passing mood can leave the self exactly as it was.","work":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-wise-woman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-wise-woman:lesson:2","title":"Two kinds of selfishness","text":"The princess is selfish loudly, with rages and broken toys; the shepherd's daughter is selfish quietly, with a smile of satisfaction. MacDonald calls the story double because both girls need the same cure, and he warns that the quiet kind can be the harder to heal.","work":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-wise-woman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-wise-woman:lesson:3","title":"Hard love","text":"The wise woman leaves Rosamond alone on the heath, lets her go hungry, and sends a dog to knock her down, yet she also kills the wolf, carries her through the bog, and nurses Agnes at night without her knowing. The book teaches that punishment given in love aims at healing, not revenge.","work":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-wise-woman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-wise-woman:lesson:4","title":"A princess over herself","text":"Before the trials the wise woman explains that a real princess is one who makes herself do right in a bad mood. Rosamond fails twice, but passes when she blesses the flower-child's pony instead of envying it. Self-rule, not birth or clothes, makes a person royal.","work":"The Wise Woman (A Double Story)","author":"George MacDonald","url":"/works/the-wise-woman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-witch-of-blackbird-pond:lesson:1","title":"Fear makes a scapegoat","text":"When children fall sick, the town looks for someone to blame and finds the old woman nobody understands. The novel shows how quickly suspicion of difference becomes cruelty, and how much courage it takes to stand by the accused.","work":"The Witch of Blackbird Pond","author":"Elizabeth George Speare","url":"/works/the-witch-of-blackbird-pond/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-witch-of-blackbird-pond:lesson:2","title":"Learning to belong","text":"Kit arrives proud of her silk dresses and her freedom and feels nothing but strangeness in Wethersfield. Over a year she learns the worth of hard work, plain faith and family, while keeping her own warmth and courage.","work":"The Witch of Blackbird Pond","author":"Elizabeth George Speare","url":"/works/the-witch-of-blackbird-pond/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-witch-of-blackbird-pond:lesson:3","title":"Reading as a gift","text":"Prudence's mother thinks her daughter is too dull to learn, but Kit teaches her to read and write, and in the end that skill saves Kit's life. Teaching someone to read gives them a voice.","work":"The Witch of Blackbird Pond","author":"Elizabeth George Speare","url":"/works/the-witch-of-blackbird-pond/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-witch-of-blackbird-pond:lesson:4","title":"Faith in different forms","text":"The Puritans of the meetinghouse and the Quaker Hannah both live by faith, though they distrust each other. Kit sees real goodness in Uncle Matthew's rectitude and in Hannah's quiet love, and learns to honour both.","work":"The Witch of Blackbird Pond","author":"Elizabeth George Speare","url":"/works/the-witch-of-blackbird-pond/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-woman-in-white:lesson:1","title":"Evidence told by witnesses","text":"Walter's preamble says the story will be told as a case is told before a judge, by each witness in turn, speaking only of what he or she saw. The method lets Collins show how a crime can be built from gaps between testimonies, and how a careful man can rebuild the truth from the same fragments, down to a single date.","work":"The Woman in White","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-woman-in-white/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-woman-in-white:lesson:2","title":"Marian's courage","text":"Marian is the first character whom the reader sees through another's eyes as unfashionable, and she becomes the one Fosco respects most. Her night on the verandah roof in the rain, her watchfulness at Blackwater Park and her rescue of Laura from the asylum make her the moving force of the plot, as Walter acknowledges in the last line.","work":"The Woman in White","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-woman-in-white/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-woman-in-white:lesson:3","title":"Identity and its proofs","text":"Laura is declared dead, buried under another woman's name and shut in an asylum as Anne Catherick. The novel asks what a person is in law and society if papers, witnesses and family can be made to deny her, and it lets love and loyalty, not documents, first recognize her.","work":"The Woman in White","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-woman-in-white/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-woman-in-white:lesson:4","title":"The clever criminal","text":"Fosco argues at dinner that only fools' crimes are found out, and he nearly proves it. Collins makes him the most charming person in the book, kind to his mice and canaries, cultivated and witty, so that the reader feels the attraction of intelligence without conscience.","work":"The Woman in White","author":"Wilkie Collins","url":"/works/the-woman-in-white/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz:lesson:1","title":"You may already have what you are seeking","text":"The Scarecrow makes the plans, the Tin Woodman shows tender feeling, and the Lion fights the Kalidahs and the spider, all before Oz gives them anything. The Wizard's gifts only help them believe what their actions had already shown. Children can learn that wisdom, love and courage grow by being used.","work":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","author":"L. Frank Baum","url":"/works/the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz:lesson:2","title":"Real courage","text":"Oz tells the Lion that every living thing is afraid when it faces danger, and that true courage is facing danger when you are afraid. The Lion trembles before the Kalidahs and the spider and goes forward anyway. Being brave does not mean never feeling fear.","work":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","author":"L. Frank Baum","url":"/works/the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz:lesson:3","title":"There is no place like home","text":"The Scarecrow cannot understand why Dorothy would leave beautiful Oz for grey Kansas, and she tells him that people would rather live at home, however dreary, than anywhere else. All her adventures are a road back to Aunt Em. Love, not beauty, makes a place home.","work":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","author":"L. Frank Baum","url":"/works/the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz:lesson:4","title":"Things are not always what they seem","text":"The Emerald City looks green because of the spectacles, and the terrible Oz is a little man behind a screen. Yet the humbug does keep his promises as best he can. The story teaches children to look past appearances and to judge people by what they do.","work":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz","author":"L. Frank Baum","url":"/works/the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-world-as-will-and-representation:lesson:1","title":"The body is the will made visible","text":"Schopenhauer's key move is to begin metaphysics from the inside of one's own body, where willing and movement are the same event. Desire is not a mental addition to a physical machine; the organs themselves express it. This anticipates later views that put embodiment and drive at the centre of the mind.","work":"The World as Will and Representation","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/the-world-as-will-and-representation/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-world-as-will-and-representation:lesson:2","title":"Between pain and boredom","text":"Because willing begins in want, satisfaction only removes a pain and leaves either a new want or empty ennui. Schopenhauer's pendulum is one of philosophy's starkest accounts of why pleasure does not last, and it remains a reference point in debates about hedonic adaptation and depression.","work":"The World as Will and Representation","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/the-world-as-will-and-representation/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-world-as-will-and-representation:lesson:3","title":"Art as a brief release from striving","text":"In contemplation of beauty the subject forgets itself and its desires, and 'the wheel of Ixion stands still'. Music goes furthest, voicing the will itself without images. This theory made Schopenhauer the philosopher of artists, from Wagner to Mann and Proust.","work":"The World as Will and Representation","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/the-world-as-will-and-representation/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-world-as-will-and-representation:lesson:4","title":"Compassion as seeing through individuality","text":"For Schopenhauer, morality does not rest on duty or reason but on the recognition that the same will suffers in every being. When the veil of Maya grows transparent, another's pain becomes one's own. The ethics extends to animals and draws openly on Hindu and Buddhist thought.","work":"The World as Will and Representation","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/the-world-as-will-and-representation/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"the-world-as-will-and-representation:lesson:5","title":"Suicide affirms what it seems to deny","text":"In §69 Schopenhauer argues that the suicide wills life and rejects only its conditions, so that killing oneself is an act of strong will, not its denial. Only the ascetic who ceases to will escapes. The argument is philosophically distinctive and needs careful handling outside its metaphysical frame.","work":"The World as Will and Representation","author":"Arthur Schopenhauer","url":"/works/the-world-as-will-and-representation/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"their-finest-hour:lesson:1","title":"Hope founded on an honest reckoning","text":"Most of the speech is arithmetic: divisions in Britain, ships in the Channel, aircraft and pilots. Churchill earns the right to his famous ending by first telling Parliament the worst. Courage in this speech rests on clear facts rather than on denial of danger.","work":"Their Finest Hour","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/their-finest-hour/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"their-finest-hour:lesson:2","title":"Refusing to quarrel with the past","text":"Many in Parliament wanted to blame the men who had governed before the war. Churchill, who had been their sharpest critic, refuses, arguing that the urgent task is survival. He puts the common danger ahead of his own vindication.","work":"Their Finest Hour","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/their-finest-hour/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"their-finest-hour:lesson:3","title":"Living for the judgment of history","text":"The peroration asks a people to imagine how they will look to those who come a thousand years later and to act accordingly. Churchill makes posterity a moral audience, turning an hour of defeat into a test of character that future generations will remember.","work":"Their Finest Hour","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/their-finest-hour/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography:lesson:1","title":"Making the body and the spirit","text":"Roosevelt describes himself as a sickly, nervous boy who trained himself painfully not only in body but in soul and spirit. He learned courage by acting as if he were not afraid until the habit became real. He offers his life as evidence that an ordinary person can grow strong through steady effort.","work":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography:lesson:2","title":"Idealism joined to practical work","text":"The foreword argues that lofty idealism and practical efficiency are each common but rarely joined. Roosevelt shows this in the police board, where he and Riis went out at midnight to see conditions for themselves, and in politics, where he joined a district club rather than criticizing from outside. He believes good intentions must be made effective.","work":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography:lesson:3","title":"Stewardship of power and of the land","text":"Roosevelt held that a president is a steward of the people, bound to do whatever the nation's needs require unless the Constitution or laws forbid it. He applied the same idea of stewardship to forests, water and wildlife, creating national forests and bird reservations. The chapters invite readers to consider what it means to hold something in trust for others.","work":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography:lesson:4","title":"Equal justice to rich and poor","text":"Roosevelt calls his policy the square deal: he sued corporations he believed broke the law and condemned labor leaders he thought guilty of wrongdoing. The foreword asks for a nation where a poor man who works hard can live comfortably and a rich man cannot live dishonestly. He judges both by conduct, not by class.","work":"Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography","author":"Theodore Roosevelt","url":"/works/theodore-roosevelt-an-autobiography/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"this-side-of-paradise:lesson:1","title":"Personality and personage","text":"Monsignor Darcy tells Amory that a personality depends on charm and fades, while a personage gathers achievements and character over time. The book traces Amory's slow, unfinished turn from the first toward the second.","work":"This Side of Paradise","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/this-side-of-paradise/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"this-side-of-paradise:lesson:2","title":"Love and money","text":"Rosalind loves Amory but will not marry a poor man, and she says so plainly. Fitzgerald presents her choice in her own terms, as fear of a shabby, quarrelsome life, and leaves the reader to weigh it.","work":"This Side of Paradise","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/this-side-of-paradise/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"this-side-of-paradise:lesson:3","title":"Faith remembered","text":"Amory is not a practising Catholic, yet Darcy's Catholicism is the only code he half keeps, and he flees in terror from what he takes to be evil. The novel records a young man drifting from faith while still haunted by it.","work":"This Side of Paradise","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/this-side-of-paradise/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"this-side-of-paradise:lesson:4","title":"A generation's restlessness","text":"The closing chapter describes a new generation grown up to find all Gods dead and faith shaken. Fitzgerald speaks for young people after the Great War who felt cut off from older certainties.","work":"This Side of Paradise","author":"F. Scott Fitzgerald","url":"/works/this-side-of-paradise/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"through-gates-of-splendor:lesson:1","title":"Obedience without a guarantee","text":"The five men believed God had called them to bring the gospel to the Waorani, and they went knowing the danger. Elliot does not claim their deaths made sense at once; she insists that obedience is right even when the outcome is hidden. The book asks readers to consider what faithfulness means when results are not promised.","work":"Through Gates of Splendor","author":"Elisabeth Elliot","url":"/works/through-gates-of-splendor/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"through-gates-of-splendor:lesson:2","title":"Patience in building trust","text":"Before landing, the men spent months making gift drops and calling out friendly words from the plane. They did not carry weapons for attack and had agreed not to use their guns against the Waorani. Their plan shows the slow work of earning trust with people who have good reason to fear strangers.","work":"Through Gates of Splendor","author":"Elisabeth Elliot","url":"/works/through-gates-of-splendor/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"through-gates-of-splendor:lesson:3","title":"Grief held in faith","text":"Elliot describes the wives waiting by the radio, the news of the deaths, and their decision to keep serving in Ecuador. She presents grief honestly but without bitterness, trusting that God remained good. Later history, including her own life among the Waorani from 1958, gave the story a further chapter.","work":"Through Gates of Splendor","author":"Elisabeth Elliot","url":"/works/through-gates-of-splendor/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"through-the-looking-glass:lesson:1","title":"Words keep their meanings","text":"Humpty Dumpty says a word means just what he chooses, and that the question is which is to be master. Alice doubts that words can be made to mean so many things. The scene shows that conversation depends on words having shared meanings no single speaker owns.","work":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/through-the-looking-glass/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"through-the-looking-glass:lesson:2","title":"Growing up, one square at a time","text":"Alice begins as a Pawn and must cross square after square, meeting strange and difficult people, to become a Queen. When she is crowned she finds that being a Queen means taking charge, and at the feast she does. The journey is a gentle picture of growing up through steady patience.","work":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/through-the-looking-glass/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"through-the-looking-glass:lesson:3","title":"Kindness in a contrary world","text":"Most of the creatures Alice meets are rude, bossy or contrary, but the White Knight is kind and wants nothing but to see her safely on. Alice waves her handkerchief to him as he rides away. The book shows how one gentle person stands out among proud ones.","work":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/through-the-looking-glass/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"through-the-looking-glass:lesson:4","title":"Is it a dream?","text":"The twins tell Alice she is only a thing in the Red King's dream, and the last chapter asks which dreamed it. The book plays with a real puzzle about what is real and leaves it, smiling, for the reader.","work":"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There","author":"Lewis Carroll","url":"/works/through-the-looking-glass/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra:lesson:1","title":"The body is the larger reason","text":"In 'The Despisers of the Body' Zarathustra calls the ego a small instrument of the body's 'big sagacity'. Thoughts, pains and values are expressions of a living organism, not commands from a separate soul. The book insists that ideas be read for what they reveal about the health of whoever holds them.","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra:lesson:2","title":"Comfort can be a kind of despair","text":"The last man's 'little poison now and then' for pleasant dreams, and the sage whose virtues are a sleeping draught, portray a life arranged to avoid all strain. Nietzsche presents this frictionless contentment not as health but as the exhaustion of the will.","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra:lesson:3","title":"Affirmation must survive the worst thought","text":"Eternal recurrence is presented less as cosmology than as an ordeal. Could you will every moment, including the smallest and ugliest, to return forever? Zarathustra's own nausea and collapse show that the test is psychologically costly, and that 'yes' is earned rather than declared.","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra:lesson:4","title":"Revenge against time poisons the will","text":"'Redemption' diagnoses resentment as the will's inability to undo the past: 'It was' is the stone it cannot roll. Punishment, guilt and theories of cosmic justice grow out of that grievance. The alternative is to reinterpret the past as something one would have willed.","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"thus-spoke-zarathustra:lesson:5","title":"A teacher who wants no believers","text":"Zarathustra repeatedly sends disciples away, mocks his animals for turning his doctrine into a song, and treats the higher men's worship of the ass as a relapse. The book stages the risk that a prophetic style will produce followers instead of free spirits, and tries to undermine its own authority.","work":"Thus Spoke Zarathustra","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/thus-spoke-zarathustra/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"till-we-have-faces:lesson:1","title":"Love that devours","text":"Orual's love for Psyche, for the Fox and for Bardia is real, but it wants to possess. Lewis shows natural affection turning jealous when it cannot bear the beloved to belong to another, even to a god. Only when Orual sees what Ansit and Tarin see does she recognise the hunger in her devotion.","work":"Till We Have Faces","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/till-we-have-faces/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"till-we-have-faces:lesson:2","title":"Seeing and not seeing","text":"Psyche sees a palace where Orual sees only heather and rock. Lewis leaves open whether Orual's blindness is inability or refusal, and why each piece of evidence leaves her unpersuaded. Lewis ties her uncertainty to her wishes: if the god is real, Psyche belongs to him and not to her.","work":"Till We Have Faces","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/till-we-have-faces/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"till-we-have-faces:lesson:3","title":"Reason, sacrifice and the holy","text":"The Fox's Greek reason and the old Priest's dark, bloody religion stand opposed for most of the book. In Part Two the Fox admits that his clear philosophy left out something the Priest knew: that the divine is weighty, demanding and not reducible to explanation. Lewis lets each side be partly corrected by the other.","work":"Till We Have Faces","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/till-we-have-faces/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"till-we-have-faces:lesson:4","title":"Getting a face","text":"Orual veils her face and writes a complaint that she believes is her whole truth. When she reads it before the judges she discovers it is a small, repeated cry of self-pity. The title suggests that a person must first become honest and whole, with a true face and voice, before she can meet God.","work":"Till We Have Faces","author":"C. S. Lewis","url":"/works/till-we-have-faces/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"timaeus:lesson:1","title":"Timaeus: formed attention","text":"Timaeus teaches students to slow down before judgment. tenth-grade students meet an ancient attempt to join mathematics, metaphysics, natural philosophy, and theology without reducing one to another","work":"Timaeus","author":"Plato","url":"/works/timaeus/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"timaeus:lesson:2","title":"Timaeus: order and disorder","text":"Timaeus makes order visible by showing what damages it. the dialogue shifts from civic memory and Atlantis to the World Soul, the elements, embodiment, perception, disease, and the education of reason","work":"Timaeus","author":"Plato","url":"/works/timaeus/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"timaeus:lesson:3","title":"Timaeus: body and soul","text":"Timaeus gives the medical lens a human scale. Timaeus is unusually rich for medical history because it links soul, body, marrow, organs, disease, diet, and psychic disorder inside a single cosmic anatomy","work":"Timaeus","author":"Plato","url":"/works/timaeus/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tinker-v-des-moines:lesson:1","title":"Rights at the schoolhouse gate","text":"Fortas held that students keep their constitutional rights at school, but also affirmed the authority of officials to prescribe and control conduct. The case asks how those two truths fit together in the daily life of a school.","work":"Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tinker-v-des-moines/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tinker-v-des-moines:lesson:2","title":"Fear of disturbance and actual disruption","text":"The Court distinguished between a reasonable forecast of material disruption, which can justify restrictions, and an undifferentiated fear of disturbance, which cannot. Black read the same record and found real distraction, including a disrupted mathematics class.","work":"Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tinker-v-des-moines/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tinker-v-des-moines:lesson:3","title":"Learn, not teach","text":"Black argued that schools exist so that children can learn, and that taxpayers do not send them there to instruct their elders on public questions. His dissent defends the authority of parents, teachers and elected boards over the education of the young.","work":"Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tinker-v-des-moines/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tinker-v-des-moines:lesson:4","title":"Neutrality among viewpoints","text":"The schools permitted campaign buttons and the Iron Cross but banned armbands against the war. Fortas found that a single opinion had been singled out; the district believed the Vietnam war was uniquely likely to provoke conflict in 1965.","work":"Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tinker-v-des-moines/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tintern-abbey:lesson:1","title":"Memory as a store laid up","text":"The speaker says the scene has lived in him for five years and that in this moment there is life and food for future years. The poem treats remembered beauty as a reserve that sustains a person in dull rooms and noisy cities.","work":"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey","author":"William Wordsworth","url":"/works/tintern-abbey/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tintern-abbey:lesson:2","title":"Loss and recompense","text":"The speaker admits that the dizzy raptures of his youth are gone and will not come back, but he refuses to mourn: he has gained a sober, thoughtful love that includes the sad music of humanity. The poem is a model of growing older without bitterness.","work":"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey","author":"William Wordsworth","url":"/works/tintern-abbey/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tintern-abbey:lesson:3","title":"What is the presence in nature?","text":"The speaker feels a presence, a motion and a spirit that rolls through all things, and calls nature the guardian of his moral being. Readers have long asked whether this describes the Creator known through creation or a spirit within nature itself; the poem keeps its language deliberately open.","work":"Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey","author":"William Wordsworth","url":"/works/tintern-abbey/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"to-kill-a-mockingbird:lesson:1","title":"Standing in another's shoes","text":"Atticus's first lesson to Scout, after her bad day at school, is that you cannot understand a person until you consider things from his point of view. The novel tests the lesson on Walter Cunningham, Mrs. Dubose, Mayella and finally Boo, whose view of the street Scout literally takes in the last chapter.","work":"To Kill a Mockingbird","author":"Harper Lee","url":"/works/to-kill-a-mockingbird/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"to-kill-a-mockingbird:lesson:2","title":"Real courage","text":"Atticus sends Jem to read to Mrs. Dubose so that he will see a kind of courage different from a man with a gun: knowing you are beaten before you begin and going on anyway. His own defense of Tom is the same kind of courage, and the novel contrasts it with the mob's.","work":"To Kill a Mockingbird","author":"Harper Lee","url":"/works/to-kill-a-mockingbird/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"to-kill-a-mockingbird:lesson:3","title":"The law and the conscience of a town","text":"Atticus shows Tom's innocence clearly, but the jury convicts. Miss Maudie notes that the jury stayed out for hours rather than minutes, and Atticus tells Jem that a courtroom is only as sound as the jurors in it. The book shows the limits of law when hearts are hard, and the small steps by which a town might change.","work":"To Kill a Mockingbird","author":"Harper Lee","url":"/works/to-kill-a-mockingbird/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"to-kill-a-mockingbird:lesson:4","title":"Sin to kill a mockingbird","text":"Atticus's one use of the word sin is about shooting songbirds that do no harm, and Miss Maudie explains it. The image returns in Mr. Underwood's editorial on Tom and in Scout's understanding of why the sheriff will not drag Boo into the light. Innocence that does no harm deserves protection.","work":"To Kill a Mockingbird","author":"Harper Lee","url":"/works/to-kill-a-mockingbird/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tocqueville-old-regime:lesson:1","title":"Revolutions inherit more than they destroy","text":"The men of 1789 believed they were making a clean break. Tocqueville shows that centralization, the habit of looking to the state for everything, and the separation of classes all came from the old monarchy and passed intact into the new order. A people cannot easily escape its own history.","work":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","author":"Alexis de Tocqueville","url":"/works/tocqueville-old-regime/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tocqueville-old-regime:lesson:2","title":"Grievances grow sharper as they lighten","text":"Tocqueville observes that the Revolution broke out where feudal burdens were lightest and in the most prosperous reign of the monarchy. Evils endured as inevitable become intolerable once escape seems possible, and partial relief makes the remaining burdens more keenly felt.","work":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","author":"Alexis de Tocqueville","url":"/works/tocqueville-old-regime/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tocqueville-old-regime:lesson:3","title":"Equality without liberty isolates","text":"The French had become alike in manners and ideas but had lost the habits of acting together. Each class guarded its own exemptions, and every local question went to an official. Tocqueville argues that only free institutions, in which citizens manage common affairs, can draw people out of this isolation.","work":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","author":"Alexis de Tocqueville","url":"/works/tocqueville-old-regime/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tocqueville-old-regime:lesson:4","title":"Ideas without experience","text":"The men of letters who led French opinion had no share in public business and therefore preferred simple, general systems to the complicated practice of law and custom. Tocqueville thought this made the Revolution bold in theory and careless of the traditions that might have restrained it.","work":"The Old Regime and the Revolution","author":"Alexis de Tocqueville","url":"/works/tocqueville-old-regime/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tolstoy-war-and-peace:lesson:1","title":"Greatness and goodness","text":"Tolstoy sets the vain Napoleon, who believes he commands history, against Kutúzov, who trusts patience, and against Karatáev, who has no ambition at all. He argues that greatness without simplicity, goodness and truth is not greatness.","work":"War and Peace","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/tolstoy-war-and-peace/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tolstoy-war-and-peace:lesson:2","title":"Searching for the meaning of life","text":"Pierre tries wealth, marriage, Freemasonry, philanthropy and a plan to kill Napoleon before he finds peace in captivity, where he has nothing. Andrew finds and loses meaning several times, at Austerlitz, at Otrádnoe and finally on his deathbed.","work":"War and Peace","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/tolstoy-war-and-peace/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tolstoy-war-and-peace:lesson:3","title":"Fall and recovery","text":"Natásha's near-elopement with Anatole nearly destroys her, and Tolstoy describes her illness, shame and slow return to prayer with great tenderness. Her later care for the dying Andrew and for her mother after Pétya's death shows love grown through suffering.","work":"War and Peace","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/tolstoy-war-and-peace/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tolstoy-war-and-peace:lesson:4","title":"Who makes history?","text":"In essays throughout the later books and in the second epilogue, Tolstoy argues that events arise from the combined wills of millions, not from the orders of generals and emperors, and that the more power a man seems to have, the less free his acts really are. Historians and philosophers have long disputed whether his argument succeeds.","work":"War and Peace","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/tolstoy-war-and-peace/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tolstoy-war-and-peace:lesson:5","title":"Family as the place of peace","text":"The book ends not on a battlefield but in two households, with Pierre and Natásha and with Nicholas and Mary. The Rostóv home, generous and disordered, is set against the cold salons of Petersburg.","work":"War and Peace","author":"Leo Tolstoy","url":"/works/tolstoy-war-and-peace/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis:lesson:1","title":"Rights without remedies?","text":"Everyone agreed that Section 206 imposes enforceable fiduciary duties on advisers. The disagreement was over who may enforce them. The majority held that Congress entrusted enforcement to the Commission and prosecutors, leaving clients only the power to undo the contract; the dissent saw a duty owed to clients as implying a remedy for clients.","work":"Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis:lesson:2","title":"From purpose to intent","text":"In the 1960s the Court sometimes implied private suits to make statutes effective. By 1979 it had turned to asking what Congress actually intended. Transamerica is a clear example of that shift, and it shows how a change in interpretive method can change outcomes for an entire industry.","work":"Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis:lesson:3","title":"The meaning of void","text":"Stewart found a private remedy in the single word void. A void contract can be challenged in court, and courts have long allowed a party to rescind it and recover what was paid. The reasoning shows how ordinary legal concepts carry their customary consequences into a statute.","work":"Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis:lesson:4","title":"Cause of action and relief","text":"White's dissent turns on a distinction between whether a plaintiff may sue at all and what relief a court may grant. Once a right to sue exists, he argued, courts traditionally award complete relief. The majority's split between rescission and damages struck him as reviving an old divide between equity and law.","work":"Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/transamerica-mortgage-advisors-v-lewis/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"travels-with-my-aunt:lesson:1","title":"Safety can become underliving","text":"Henry's respectability has protected him but also narrowed him. Greene's comedy asks whether a life without scandal may still be a life insufficiently lived.","work":"Travels with My Aunt","author":"Graham Greene","url":"/works/travels-with-my-aunt/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"travels-with-my-aunt:lesson:2","title":"Old age can be unruly","text":"Aunt Augusta refuses the literary role of harmless old lady. The novel treats aging as a stage that may intensify appetite, invention and danger.","work":"Travels with My Aunt","author":"Graham Greene","url":"/works/travels-with-my-aunt/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"travels-with-my-aunt:lesson:3","title":"Family stories are edited","text":"Henry's identity depends on what he has been told, omitted and allowed to imagine. The book teaches that kinship is partly narrative, and narrative can be revised late.","work":"Travels with My Aunt","author":"Graham Greene","url":"/works/travels-with-my-aunt/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"travels-with-my-aunt:lesson:4","title":"Comedy can carry moral unease","text":"Greene makes crime and deception charming without making them innocent. The novel's lightness keeps asking how much wrongdoing readers will forgive when it looks like vitality.","work":"Travels with My Aunt","author":"Graham Greene","url":"/works/travels-with-my-aunt/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"treasure-island:lesson:1","title":"Adventure educates through danger","text":"Jim grows because risk forces judgment, secrecy, courage and fear into action. Stevenson makes coming-of-age exciting but not innocent.","work":"Treasure Island","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/treasure-island/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"treasure-island:lesson:2","title":"Charisma can detach from virtue","text":"Silver is charming, intelligent and often kind to Jim, yet he remains dangerous. The novel teaches readers to separate attractiveness from moral trust.","work":"Treasure Island","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/treasure-island/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"treasure-island:lesson:3","title":"Professional competence matters","text":"Dr. Livesey and Captain Smollett survive because they combine courage with skill, discipline and clear thinking. Adventure depends on practical knowledge as much as daring.","work":"Treasure Island","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/treasure-island/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"treasure-island:lesson:4","title":"Stories leave afterimages","text":"Jim's adventure ends, but the island returns in dreams and sounds. Stevenson recognizes that thrilling experience can also become haunting memory.","work":"Treasure Island","author":"Robert Louis Stevenson","url":"/works/treasure-island/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"troilus-and-criseyde:lesson:1","title":"Love is bodily and rhetorical","text":"Troilus's desire appears as physical illness and as a crisis of speech. Chaucer teaches that erotic experience is at once somatic, social and literary.","work":"Troilus and Criseyde","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/troilus-and-criseyde/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"troilus-and-criseyde:lesson:2","title":"Pity can become persuasion","text":"Pandarus turns compassion into pressure, making Criseyde's consent difficult to evaluate simply. The poem asks how much manipulation can hide inside helpful friendship.","work":"Troilus and Criseyde","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/troilus-and-criseyde/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"troilus-and-criseyde:lesson:3","title":"Private love depends on public circumstance","text":"The lovers imagine an enclosed world, but war, kinship and exchange determine their fate. Chaucer shows intimacy as vulnerable to politics and time.","work":"Troilus and Criseyde","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/troilus-and-criseyde/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"troilus-and-criseyde:lesson:4","title":"Judgment should be slow","text":"Chaucer inherits a story of female betrayal but complicates blame. The poem teaches readers to see desire, fear and dependency before condemning.","work":"Troilus and Criseyde","author":"Geoffrey Chaucer","url":"/works/troilus-and-criseyde/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tsc-industries-v-northway:lesson:1","title":"The reasonable shareholder and the total mix","text":"Marshall's test asks not whether a fact would have changed a shareholder's vote, nor merely whether it might have mattered, but whether there is a substantial likelihood a reasonable shareholder would consider it important. The fact is judged against everything else disclosed, which the Court called the total mix.","work":"TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tsc-industries-v-northway/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tsc-industries-v-northway:lesson:2","title":"Too much information","text":"The Court recognized that a disclosure rule can fail by demanding too much as well as too little. If every possible fact could create liability, management might fill proxy statements with trivia and make informed decisions harder rather than easier.","work":"TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tsc-industries-v-northway/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tsc-industries-v-northway:lesson:3","title":"Judges and juries on mixed questions","text":"Materiality applies a legal standard to particular facts and requires judgments about what a reasonable investor would infer. The Court held such judgments belong ordinarily to the trier of fact, reserving summary judgment for cases where reasonable minds cannot differ.","work":"TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tsc-industries-v-northway/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"tsc-industries-v-northway:lesson:4","title":"Reading what was disclosed","text":"In each instance the Court compared the omitted fact with what the proxy statement already said. National's 34 percent stake and its five directors were prominently disclosed, so the officers' titles added little. The analysis models how to read a disclosure document as a whole.","work":"TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/tsc-industries-v-northway/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twelfth-night:lesson:1","title":"Twelfth Night: formed attention","text":"Twelfth Night teaches students to slow down before judgment. eleventh-grade readers can study disguise as both plot device and moral experiment in sympathy, language, and self-knowledge","work":"Twelfth Night","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/twelfth-night/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twelfth-night:lesson:2","title":"Twelfth Night: order and disorder","text":"Twelfth Night makes order visible by showing what damages it. the comedy moves from mourning and concealment toward recognition, but its punishment of Malvolio leaves a hard edge under the music","work":"Twelfth Night","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/twelfth-night/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twelfth-night:lesson:3","title":"Twelfth Night: body and soul","text":"Twelfth Night gives the medical lens a human scale. the medical lens includes melancholy, love-sickness, feigned madness, confinement, and the social power to declare someone disordered","work":"Twelfth Night","author":"William Shakespeare","url":"/works/twelfth-night/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twelve-angry-men:lesson:1","title":"Doubt can be a civic virtue","text":"Juror Eight's doubt is not indecision; it is disciplined respect for the stakes of judgment. The play teaches that justice sometimes begins by slowing down.","work":"Twelve Angry Men","author":"Reginald Rose","url":"/works/twelve-angry-men/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twelve-angry-men:lesson:2","title":"Emotion hides inside certainty","text":"Juror Three's anger looks like moral conviction until its personal source is exposed. The drama shows how unresolved private pain can masquerade as public judgment.","work":"Twelve Angry Men","author":"Reginald Rose","url":"/works/twelve-angry-men/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twelve-angry-men:lesson:3","title":"Groups can correct or amplify bias","text":"The jury room begins as a pressure chamber of conformity, impatience and prejudice. Deliberation becomes ethical when the group learns to isolate bad reasoning.","work":"Twelve Angry Men","author":"Reginald Rose","url":"/works/twelve-angry-men/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twelve-angry-men:lesson:4","title":"Eyewitness confidence is not proof","text":"The play repeatedly tests perception, memory and inference. It anticipates modern concerns about eyewitness reliability and the psychology of testimony.","work":"Twelve Angry Men","author":"Reginald Rose","url":"/works/twelve-angry-men/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twelve-years-a-slave:lesson:1","title":"Slavery is bodily theft","text":"Northup's freedom is stolen through drugging, chains, beatings and legal fraud. The memoir insists that slavery is not an abstraction but control of bodies, names, movement and pain.","work":"12 Years a Slave","author":"Solomon Northup","url":"/works/twelve-years-a-slave/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twelve-years-a-slave:lesson:2","title":"Kindness inside injustice does not redeem the system","text":"Ford may be personally humane, but he remains an enslaver. Northup's nuance prevents readers from confusing individual temperament with institutional morality.","work":"12 Years a Slave","author":"Solomon Northup","url":"/works/twelve-years-a-slave/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twelve-years-a-slave:lesson:3","title":"Sexual violence is central, not incidental","text":"Patsey's story shows slavery's sexual coercion and gendered torture with devastating clarity. The memoir teaches that any account of slavery that omits sexual violence is incomplete.","work":"12 Years a Slave","author":"Solomon Northup","url":"/works/twelve-years-a-slave/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twelve-years-a-slave:lesson:4","title":"Testimony fights erasure","text":"Northup names places, people and procedures because slavery depends on making the enslaved legally and socially unbelievable. The memoir's precision is an act of restoration.","work":"12 Years a Slave","author":"Solomon Northup","url":"/works/twelve-years-a-slave/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twenty-love-poems-and-a-song-of-despair:lesson:1","title":"Desire makes worlds","text":"Neruda's speaker does not merely describe love; he remakes landscape through it. The poems show how erotic feeling can reorganize perception.","work":"Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair","author":"Pablo Neruda","url":"/works/twenty-love-poems-and-a-song-of-despair/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twenty-love-poems-and-a-song-of-despair:lesson:2","title":"Lyric intensity can possess","text":"The poems are beautiful, but their beauty often depends on the beloved's silence. Readers can admire the lyric force while asking what the addressed woman is allowed to be.","work":"Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair","author":"Pablo Neruda","url":"/works/twenty-love-poems-and-a-song-of-despair/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twenty-love-poems-and-a-song-of-despair:lesson:3","title":"Loss changes the meaning of earlier pleasure","text":"The final despair retroactively darkens the sequence. Memory turns erotic presence into evidence of absence.","work":"Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair","author":"Pablo Neruda","url":"/works/twenty-love-poems-and-a-song-of-despair/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea:lesson:1","title":"Wonder as a reason to study","text":"Aronnax and Conseil meet the sea floor, the coral reefs and the polar ice with careful names and measurements, and their science deepens rather than dulls their delight. Verne makes classification, chemistry and navigation into adventure. The book shows that patient knowledge of creation can be a form of joy.","work":"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea","author":"Jules Verne","url":"/works/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea:lesson:2","title":"Freedom and its limits","text":"Nemo tells Aronnax that beneath the surface he recognizes no masters and is free, yet he keeps three men prisoner for ten months. Ned Land, who loses the most by captivity, insists that no wonder is worth a man's liberty. The story asks whose freedom matters and whether one man may be a law to himself.","work":"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea","author":"Jules Verne","url":"/works/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea:lesson:3","title":"Mercy and vengeance in one man","text":"Nemo risks his life to save a pearl diver, weeps over his dead sailors, and sends treasure to people fighting for their country. The same man sinks a warship with all its crew and then sobs before the portrait of his family. Verne lets readers see how grief, nursed into hatred, can twist a generous heart.","work":"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea","author":"Jules Verne","url":"/works/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea:lesson:4","title":"Courage and friendship under pressure","text":"When the Nautilus is trapped beneath the ice, Conseil and Ned give their last breaths of good air to Aronnax, and the crew works in turns to cut through the ice. Faithfulness among friends is tested most when the danger is slow and suffocating, not sudden.","work":"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea","author":"Jules Verne","url":"/works/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twenty-years-at-hull-house:lesson:1","title":"The snare of preparation","text":"For years after college Addams studied and traveled, telling herself she was preparing for great things. A bullfight in Madrid made her see that preparation had become an excuse for inaction. The lesson is that at some point one must stop getting ready and begin.","work":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","author":"Jane Addams","url":"/works/twenty-years-at-hull-house/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twenty-years-at-hull-house:lesson:2","title":"Living among, not only giving to","text":"Hull-House was not a mission run from outside but a home in which educated residents lived among their neighbors. Addams says settlement work met a need of the residents as well as of the neighborhood. She treats friendship and shared life as the basis of service.","work":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","author":"Jane Addams","url":"/works/twenty-years-at-hull-house/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twenty-years-at-hull-house:lesson:3","title":"Honoring the older generation","text":"Addams saw immigrant children growing ashamed of parents who could not speak English. The Labor Museum let mothers show their skill at spinning and weaving, and their children came to see them with new respect. The lesson joins education with filial piety.","work":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","author":"Jane Addams","url":"/works/twenty-years-at-hull-house/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twenty-years-at-hull-house:lesson:4","title":"Seeing both sides","text":"During the Pullman strike Addams knew both George Pullman and many of his workers, and she tried to understand each side's view without denying the bitterness. Her father, she writes, had taught her to look for charity on both sides of a conflict.","work":"Twenty Years at Hull-House","author":"Jane Addams","url":"/works/twenty-years-at-hull-house/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twilight-of-the-idols:lesson:1","title":"Twilight of the Idols teaches historical caution","text":"Twilight of the Idols rewards readers who keep its categories in their own century before translating them into ours. It can sharpen modern judgment precisely because its insights and errors are both visible.","work":"Twilight of the Idols","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/twilight-of-the-idols/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twilight-of-the-idols:lesson:2","title":"Twilight of the Idols links evidence and authority","text":"The work shows how observation becomes authority through cases, examples, institutional setting, or aphoristic force. It asks readers to notice who gets to define suffering and what counts as proof.","work":"Twilight of the Idols","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/twilight-of-the-idols/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twilight-of-the-idols:lesson:3","title":"Twilight of the Idols complicates mind and body","text":"Whether medical, philosophical, or scientific, the work refuses a simple split between inner life and bodily condition. Its best passages make symptoms, emotions, habits, and values part of one historical field.","work":"Twilight of the Idols","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/twilight-of-the-idols/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"twilight-of-the-idols:lesson:4","title":"Twilight of the Idols warns against easy progress stories","text":"The text may mark an advance, but it also carries assumptions later readers have reason to question. It is strongest when read as a record of struggle rather than as a straight road to the present.","work":"Twilight of the Idols","author":"Friedrich Nietzsche","url":"/works/twilight-of-the-idols/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"two-lives-of-charlemagne:lesson:1","title":"Rulers are built from habits","text":"Einhard treats diet, exercise, dress, study and worship as part of kingship. The biography teaches that political authority is represented through daily discipline as well as public acts.","work":"Two Lives of Charlemagne","author":"Einhard and Notker the Stammerer","url":"/works/two-lives-of-charlemagne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"two-lives-of-charlemagne:lesson:2","title":"Biography can become legend","text":"Notker's Charlemagne is not simply less factual; he serves a different function as moral memory. The volume teaches readers to distinguish archival portrait from exemplary anecdote.","work":"Two Lives of Charlemagne","author":"Einhard and Notker the Stammerer","url":"/works/two-lives-of-charlemagne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"two-lives-of-charlemagne:lesson:3","title":"Christian empire joins care and coercion","text":"Charlemagne's reforms, learning and piety coexist with war, forced conversion and punishment. The lives present exemplary Christian rulership together with conquest and coercive power.","work":"Two Lives of Charlemagne","author":"Einhard and Notker the Stammerer","url":"/works/two-lives-of-charlemagne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"two-lives-of-charlemagne:lesson:4","title":"Memory serves institutions","text":"Einhard and Notker write for communities that need Charlemagne to mean something after his death. Biography becomes a tool for preserving institutional identity.","work":"Two Lives of Charlemagne","author":"Einhard and Notker the Stammerer","url":"/works/two-lives-of-charlemagne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"unbroken:lesson:1","title":"Discipline built in youth","text":"Pete's patient training turns a boy headed for trouble into a champion runner. Hillenbrand shows that the habits of endurance and self-command Louie learned on the track helped him survive the raft and the camps. Discipline formed early becomes strength in a crisis.","work":"Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption","author":"Laura Hillenbrand","url":"/works/unbroken/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"unbroken:lesson:2","title":"Keeping the mind alive","text":"On the raft Louie and Phil quiz each other, describe meals in detail, sing and plan for the future, and Hillenbrand presents this as part of why they survived. In the camps, prisoners keep up their spirits through humor, friendship and small acts of resistance. The book teaches that hope and a disciplined mind matter as much as physical strength.","work":"Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption","author":"Laura Hillenbrand","url":"/works/unbroken/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"unbroken:lesson:3","title":"Dignity under cruelty","text":"The guards at Ofuna, Omori and Naoetsu try to humiliate the prisoners as well as hurt them, and Hillenbrand argues that dignity is as necessary to life as food and water. Louie's refusal to let the Bird break him is shown as an act of inner resistance. The book honors the courage of ordinary prisoners who kept their self-respect.","work":"Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption","author":"Laura Hillenbrand","url":"/works/unbroken/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"unbroken:lesson:4","title":"Forgiveness and redemption","text":"After the war Louie survives his captors but is held captive by rage, nightmares and drink. At the 1949 Billy Graham crusade he remembers his prayers on the raft and turns to God, and his nightmares end. In 1950 he goes to Sugamo Prison in Tokyo to forgive former guards face to face. The book's subtitle names redemption as the end of the story.","work":"Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption","author":"Laura Hillenbrand","url":"/works/unbroken/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"uncle-toms-cabin:lesson:1","title":"A soul that cannot be bought","text":"Tom is bought and sold three times, but when Legree demands that he flog others or betray Cassy, he says that his soul was bought by Christ and cannot be bought again. Stowe shows freedom of conscience surviving the loss of every other freedom.","work":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","author":"Harriet Beecher Stowe","url":"/works/uncle-toms-cabin/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"uncle-toms-cabin:lesson:2","title":"The mother's leap","text":"Eliza's crossing of the Ohio on the river ice makes a mother's love the force that defies law and danger. Stowe repeatedly asks her readers, especially mothers, to imagine their own children sold, and the Concluding Remarks name the crossing as a well-known fact.","work":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","author":"Harriet Beecher Stowe","url":"/works/uncle-toms-cabin/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"uncle-toms-cabin:lesson:3","title":"Love that changes a hard heart","text":"Miss Ophelia disapproves of slavery but shrinks from Topsy; Eva simply loves her, and Topsy weeps for the first time. After Eva's death Ophelia learns to love the child herself. The novel teaches that principles must become personal charity to be real.","work":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","author":"Harriet Beecher Stowe","url":"/works/uncle-toms-cabin/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"uncle-toms-cabin:lesson:4","title":"The cost of delay","text":"St. Clare sees the wrong of slavery more clearly than anyone, yet he postpones freeing Tom until he is killed. His good intentions die with him, and Tom is sold to Legree. Stowe shows that knowing the right without doing it can be fatal to others.","work":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","author":"Harriet Beecher Stowe","url":"/works/uncle-toms-cabin/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"uncle-toms-cabin:lesson:5","title":"Forgiveness to the end","text":"Tom forgives Legree and the drivers Sambo and Quimbo even as they beat him, and his patience leads the two men to repentance. Stowe presents his death as a martyrdom modeled on Christ's.","work":"Uncle Tom's Cabin","author":"Harriet Beecher Stowe","url":"/works/uncle-toms-cabin/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"understood-betsy:lesson:1","title":"Doing things for yourself","text":"Elizabeth Ann has always had someone think for her, so her first discovery on the wagon seat, that the horses go where you pull them, is the first whole thought she has ever had. At Putney Farm she learns by doing: driving, churning, cooking, finding her way to school. The book shows that confidence grows from real work, not from reassurance.","work":"Understood Betsy","author":"Dorothy Canfield Fisher","url":"/works/understood-betsy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"understood-betsy:lesson:2","title":"Learning is not the same as passing grades","text":"Miss Benton puts Betsy in seventh-grade reading and second-grade arithmetic, and tells her she is not any grade at all but just herself. Later Betsy fails an examination and then, the same evening, solves a real problem at the Wolf Pit. The story teaches that school is for learning to use your mind, not only for moving up grades.","work":"Understood Betsy","author":"Dorothy Canfield Fisher","url":"/works/understood-betsy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"understood-betsy:lesson:3","title":"Giving without wanting thanks","text":"The schoolgirls enjoy imagining how grateful 'Lias will be for their sewing. Cousin Ann's quiet question shows them they were working for praise. After they see 'Lias asleep alone over a crust of bread, they leave the clothes on his step without a name, and Betsy prays for him for the first time in earnest.","work":"Understood Betsy","author":"Dorothy Canfield Fisher","url":"/works/understood-betsy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"understood-betsy:lesson:4","title":"Kindness that protects another's feelings","text":"When Aunt Frances writes that she is coming to take Betsy away, Betsy decides above all not to hurt her. In the surrey each is afraid of hurting the other, and only careful honesty lets them both say what they want. Betsy ends by wishing she could always take care of Aunt Frances, who once took care of her.","work":"Understood Betsy","author":"Dorothy Canfield Fisher","url":"/works/understood-betsy/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"united-states-v-nixon:lesson:1","title":"Saying what the law is, again","text":"Burger quotes Marbury's most famous sentence to answer the President's claim that each branch interprets its own powers. One hundred seventy-one years after Marshall, the Court used his reasoning to decide a dispute with a sitting President.","work":"United States v. Nixon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-nixon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"united-states-v-nixon:lesson:2","title":"Confidentiality is real but not unlimited","text":"The opinion does not dismiss executive privilege; it calls the confidentiality of Presidential advice fundamental to government and rooted in the separation of powers. What it rejects is an absolute version that would override a criminal court's need for specific evidence.","work":"United States v. Nixon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-nixon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"united-states-v-nixon:lesson:3","title":"Separateness and interdependence","text":"The Court describes the Constitution as diffusing power to secure liberty while expecting the branches to work together. The President's independence and the courts' duty to do justice are both constitutional values that the opinion tries to reconcile rather than rank.","work":"United States v. Nixon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-nixon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"united-states-v-nixon:lesson:4","title":"A unanimous Court in a divided moment","text":"Three of the eight Justices had been appointed by Nixon, and Justice Rehnquist, another appointee, stepped aside. The Chief Justice circulated drafts so that the Court could speak with one voice on a question of the highest political consequence.","work":"United States v. Nixon","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-nixon/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"united-states-v-ohagan:lesson:1","title":"Fraud on the source of information","text":"The misappropriation theory locates the deception not in the market but in the relationship of trust between the trader and the person who entrusted him with information. O'Hagan owed nothing to the Pillsbury sellers, but he owed loyalty and confidentiality to his firm and its client, and his secret use of their information was the fraud.","work":"United States v. O'Hagan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-ohagan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"united-states-v-ohagan:lesson:2","title":"Disclosure as the dividing line","text":"Because the theory rests on feigned fidelity, the Court said a fiduciary who tells the source he plans to trade commits no Section 10(b) deception, though he may still breach duties under state law. The holding shows how securities law turns on candor within a relationship rather than on fairness in the abstract.","work":"United States v. O'Hagan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-ohagan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"united-states-v-ohagan:lesson:3","title":"Defining a statutory phrase","text":"Thomas's partial dissent presses on the words in connection with. If misused information is covered because its only value lies in trading, he asks, why not money embezzled to buy stock, and what of information that could also be sold to a newspaper? The exchange shows how a court tests a theory against its own stated limits.","work":"United States v. O'Hagan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-ohagan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"united-states-v-ohagan:lesson:4","title":"Rules that prevent as well as punish","text":"In upholding Rule 14e-3(a), the Court accepted that an agency may forbid some conduct that is not itself fraud in order to prevent fraud that is hard to prove. The SEC pointed to the wide circle of people who learn of tender offers and the difficulty of tracing a tip to a breach of duty.","work":"United States v. O'Hagan","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-ohagan/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"united-states-v-wong-kim-ark:lesson:1","title":"Reading new words in light of old law","text":"The Constitution used the phrase natural-born citizen without defining it, and the Fourteenth Amendment spoke of persons born in the United States. Gray read both against the common law the framers knew, while Fuller argued that independence and the law of nations had displaced that inheritance.","work":"United States v. Wong Kim Ark","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-wong-kim-ark/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"united-states-v-wong-kim-ark:lesson:2","title":"Soil and blood: two theories of belonging","text":"The case set two old principles against each other: citizenship by place of birth (jus soli) and citizenship by descent (jus sanguinis). Each has a long history and a reasoned defense, one emphasizing protection by the land of birth, the other the bond of family and chosen allegiance.","work":"United States v. Wong Kim Ark","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-wong-kim-ark/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"united-states-v-wong-kim-ark:lesson:3","title":"The limits of legislative power over citizenship","text":"Congress could decide whom to naturalize, and it had barred Chinese immigrants from naturalization. Gray held that this power could not reach those whom the Constitution itself made citizens by birth, placing birthright citizenship beyond ordinary legislation.","work":"United States v. Wong Kim Ark","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-wong-kim-ark/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"united-states-v-wong-kim-ark:lesson:4","title":"One man's case, many people's status","text":"Wong Kim Ark's petition concerned only whether he could land in San Francisco, yet the ruling fixed the status of every child born to domiciled aliens. Gray noted that the government's theory would have unsettled the citizenship of thousands of children of European immigrants as well.","work":"United States v. Wong Kim Ark","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/united-states-v-wong-kim-ark/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"up-from-slavery:lesson:1","title":"Work done thoroughly is its own credential","text":"Washington is admitted to Hampton not by examination papers but by sweeping a room three times and dusting it four. The lesson runs through the book: the brick kiln that fails three times, the students who build their own beds, and the habit of finishing each day's work. He argues that excellence in common tasks wins respect that argument cannot.","work":"Up from Slavery","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/up-from-slavery/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"up-from-slavery:lesson:2","title":"Refusing hatred","text":"In Chapter XI Washington says that he learned from General Armstrong that great men cultivate love and little men cherish hatred, and resolved never to let anyone degrade his soul by making him hate. He treats the refusal of bitterness as a moral discipline, not a political tactic alone.","work":"Up from Slavery","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/up-from-slavery/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"up-from-slavery:lesson:3","title":"Obstacles as a measure of success","text":"Washington writes in Chapter II that success should be measured by the obstacles overcome, not the position reached. His own story, from a dirt floor to tea at Windsor Castle, is offered as evidence. He hopes the reader will judge others, and himself, by effort and growth rather than rank.","work":"Up from Slavery","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/up-from-slavery/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"up-from-slavery:lesson:4","title":"Education of head, hand and heart","text":"Tuskegee joins academic study with trades, farming, cleanliness and chapel. Washington argues that a people newly freed must learn to own land, build houses and earn a living, and that labor done with skill is dignified. The Atlanta address turns this conviction into a public program.","work":"Up from Slavery","author":"Booker T. Washington","url":"/works/up-from-slavery/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs:lesson:1","title":"The appointed term of life","text":"Usama's governing lesson is that each life has a length written beforehand, so that a warrior who rushes into danger does not die sooner and a cautious man does not live longer. He tells of men who survived terrible gashes and of others killed by a trifle. The teaching frees him from fear in battle and gives his book its title, learning by example.","work":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","author":"Usama ibn Munqidh","url":"/works/usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs:lesson:2","title":"Seeing an enemy as neighbors","text":"Usama fought Franks all his life and often curses them in the conventional phrases of his time, yet he records a Frankish knight who called him brother, Templars he calls friends, and Franks long settled in Syria whose manners he respects. He also records shocks and disagreements, such as the newcomer who forced him to pray eastward. His chapter is valuable because it shows contact, courtesy and conflict side by side.","work":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","author":"Usama ibn Munqidh","url":"/works/usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs:lesson:3","title":"Two kinds of medicine, fairly reported","text":"The memoir sets Thabit's poultice and diet beside a Frankish practitioner's amputation by axe, and immediately adds a Frankish vinegar cure that healed a festering leg and a Frankish remedy for scrofula that Usama himself later used successfully. In the cures of Section II, ibn-Butlan diagnoses with care, warns his students against dangerous remedies, and, after a jest about his fee, tells a worried father honestly that a boy's skin spots will pass without treatment. Usama's medicine is a medicine of observed cases, told with an eye for both failure and success.","work":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","author":"Usama ibn Munqidh","url":"/works/usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs:lesson:4","title":"Losses borne and remembered","text":"Usama lost his castle home, most of his family in an earthquake, his fortune in Egypt, and four thousand books at sea. He grieves most for the books and says the wound will last until his death. Yet his memoir closes not with complaint but with a prayer that he use his remaining days well. Old age, he writes, is a heritage of forgetting that goes back to Adam, and his book is an act of remembering.","work":"Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh","author":"Usama ibn Munqidh","url":"/works/usama-ibn-munqidh-memoirs/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"utilitarianism:lesson:1","title":"Only those who know both can rank pleasures","text":"Mill refuses to count pleasures by intensity alone. Quality is settled by the preference of people experienced in both kinds, the same method we use to compare two pains. The test is powerful and unsettling: it gives authority to experience but risks letting the educated declare their own tastes superior.","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"utilitarianism:lesson:2","title":"Right acts and good motives are different questions","text":"The rescuer who saves a drowning man for pay still does right; the motive bears on our view of the agent, not on the act. The distinction lets Mill answer the charge that utilitarianism demands saintly impartiality at every moment: most good actions concern a few particular people.","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"utilitarianism:lesson:3","title":"Rules are the almanac of experience","text":"No sailor recalculates the stars at sea, and no one need test every act against the greatest happiness. Received moral rules record humanity's long experience of consequences and remain improvable. This passage is the seed of later rule-utilitarianism and of every clinical guideline that encodes outcomes into protocol.","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"utilitarianism:lesson:4","title":"Means harden into ends through habit","text":"Money is desired at first for what it buys and later for itself; virtue can follow the same path and become part of happiness. In Chapter IV Mill adds that will is 'the child of desire' but can pass under the dominion of habit. It is an associationist psychology that explains both the miser and the person of settled virtue.","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"utilitarianism:lesson:5","title":"Justice is utility at its most urgent","text":"Mill grants that justice feels different from expediency: sharper, more absolute, tied to retaliation. He explains that feeling instead of dismissing it. Rights protect the essentials of security, so they bind more strongly than other utilities, but not without limit. To save a life one may steal medicine or even compel the only doctor to act.","work":"Utilitarianism","author":"John Stuart Mill","url":"/works/utilitarianism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"utopia:lesson:1","title":"Justice must look at causes","text":"At Cardinal Morton's table Raphael argues that hanging thieves while the poor are driven from their land punishes the effect and ignores the cause. More presents justice as including the prevention of crime through work, education and fair use of land, not only severe penalties.","work":"Utopia","author":"Thomas More","url":"/works/utopia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"utopia:lesson:2","title":"The duty and danger of counsel","text":"Raphael refuses to serve kings because, he says, a good man at court must either approve wicked counsels or be ignored. More replies that one should not abandon the ship in a storm but steer it as well as one can. Their debate frames a question More himself faced when he entered Henry VIII's service and later refused the oath.","work":"Utopia","author":"Thomas More","url":"/works/utopia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"utopia:lesson:3","title":"Seeing through false value","text":"Utopians make chamber-pots of gold and laugh at the ambassadors who arrive dressed in it. They class gambling, hunting and pride in rank as false pleasures. By making the reader's values look strange, More asks what wealth and honour are really worth.","work":"Utopia","author":"Thomas More","url":"/works/utopia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"utopia:lesson:4","title":"Reading a serious joke","text":"The island is called No-place, the traveller's name suggests nonsense, and More ends by doubting much of what he has heard. Readers must decide which Utopian customs More admires, which he mocks and which he offers as a challenge to Christian Europe, where Christians themselves fall short of what pagans achieve by reason alone.","work":"Utopia","author":"Thomas More","url":"/works/utopia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"vasari-lives-of-the-artists:lesson:1","title":"Learning from nature and from masters","text":"Giotto is found drawing a sheep from life on a stone with no teacher but nature, and then, under Cimabue, surpasses his master. Vasari presents good art as the joining of a natural gift, close observation of the living world and patient training. The same pattern appears in Cimabue watching the Greek painters and Niccola Pisano studying ancient carvings.","work":"Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)","author":"Giorgio Vasari","url":"/works/vasari-lives-of-the-artists/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"vasari-lives-of-the-artists:lesson:2","title":"Mastery can be simple","text":"Asked for a sample drawing for the pope, Giotto draws only a perfect circle freehand and sends it with confidence. The story teaches that true skill can show itself in the plainest form, and that an expert can recognize it where an untrained eye sees nothing. Vasari adds the proverb about being rounder than Giotto's O to show how the story entered common speech.","work":"Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)","author":"Giorgio Vasari","url":"/works/vasari-lives-of-the-artists/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"vasari-lives-of-the-artists:lesson:3","title":"History as rise, fall and rebirth","text":"In the Preface to the Lives Vasari compares the arts to human bodies that are born, grow old and die, and describes their second birth in Tuscany. This pattern shapes the whole work, which moves from rough beginnings to perfection. Readers can weigh both the power of this scheme and what it might leave out.","work":"Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)","author":"Giorgio Vasari","url":"/works/vasari-lives-of-the-artists/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"vasari-lives-of-the-artists:lesson:4","title":"Memory as a duty to the dead","text":"Vasari opens by saying that time devours both works and names, and that only writers keep the names of artists alive. He collects epitaphs, inscriptions and memorials, including Poliziano's verses for Giotto's portrait in the cathedral. The book treats remembering excellent work as a form of justice and gratitude.","work":"Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)","author":"Giorgio Vasari","url":"/works/vasari-lives-of-the-artists/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"veazie-bank-v-fenno:lesson:1","title":"What is a direct tax?","text":"The Constitution requires direct taxes to be apportioned among the states by population but never defines them. Chase answers the question by consulting the Convention debates, an early decision and seventy years of congressional practice, a model of interpreting an uncertain term by history and usage.","work":"Veazie Bank v. Fenno","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/veazie-bank-v-fenno/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"veazie-bank-v-fenno:lesson:2","title":"Taxing to regulate","text":"The ten percent tax raised little revenue; its purpose was to remove state notes from circulation. Chase upholds it both as a duty on property and as a means of securing the national currency, while Nelson regards a tax designed to destroy as no tax at all but an attack on reserved state power.","work":"Veazie Bank v. Fenno","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/veazie-bank-v-fenno/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"veazie-bank-v-fenno:lesson:3","title":"Who checks the taxing power?","text":"Chase holds that judges cannot limit an acknowledged power because it is exercised heavily; the check is the ballot. Nelson, drawing on McCulloch's warning about the power to tax, argues that the federal system itself protects each government's essential functions from the other's taxation.","work":"Veazie Bank v. Fenno","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/veazie-bank-v-fenno/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"veazie-bank-v-fenno:lesson:4","title":"A uniform national currency","text":"Chase describes a currency for the entire country made up of coin, United States notes and national bank notes, and holds that Congress may protect it from competing issues. The opinion marks a shift from a patchwork of local paper to a national monetary system.","work":"Veazie Bank v. Fenno","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/veazie-bank-v-fenno/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class:lesson:1","title":"Esteem needs evidence","text":"Veblen's central observation is that wealth confers honour only when it can be seen. From this he derives conspicuous leisure, conspicuous consumption and the endless changes of fashion, and he applies it to goods most people think of as chosen simply for beauty or comfort.","work":"The Theory of the Leisure Class","author":"Thorstein Veblen","url":"/works/veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class:lesson:2","title":"Emulation without end","text":"Because people measure themselves against their neighbours, Veblen argues, the desire for wealth can never be satisfied: each gain only resets the standard. The argument makes economic behaviour a matter of comparison rather than need.","work":"The Theory of the Leisure Class","author":"Thorstein Veblen","url":"/works/veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class:lesson:3","title":"The instinct of workmanship","text":"Against the honour paid to idleness Veblen sets an older and deeper human propensity, the instinct of workmanship, which values useful effort and dislikes waste. His irony depends on this standard of serviceability.","work":"The Theory of the Leisure Class","author":"Thorstein Veblen","url":"/works/veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class:lesson:4","title":"Reading irony in a scientific voice","text":"Veblen insists that words like waste and invidious are used without blame, yet his deadpan examples, from the French king who burned rather than move his own chair to the lawn as a cow pasture, are plainly comic. Readers must decide when he is describing and when he is mocking.","work":"The Theory of the Leisure Class","author":"Thorstein Veblen","url":"/works/veblen-theory-of-the-leisure-class/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"vesalius-on-the-fabric-of-the-human-body:lesson:1","title":"The hand and the head belong together","text":"Vesalius argues that medicine declined when learned physicians stopped working with their own hands and left the body to barbers. His remedy is a physician who both reads and dissects, joining book learning to direct observation.","work":"On the Fabric of the Human Body (Preface)","author":"Andreas Vesalius","url":"/works/vesalius-on-the-fabric-of-the-human-body/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"vesalius-on-the-fabric-of-the-human-body:lesson:2","title":"Honour a master by testing him","text":"Vesalius calls Galen the prince of anatomists even while correcting him. He presents himself not as Galen's enemy but as one returning to the ancient practice of dissection that Galen himself valued.","work":"On the Fabric of the Human Body (Preface)","author":"Andreas Vesalius","url":"/works/vesalius-on-the-fabric-of-the-human-body/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"vesalius-on-the-fabric-of-the-human-body:lesson:3","title":"Seeing is part of knowing","text":"The Fabrica's woodcuts were planned with the text and placed beside it. Vesalius argues that pictures, like geometric diagrams, fix in the mind what words alone cannot, and the book's images shaped anatomical illustration for centuries.","work":"On the Fabric of the Human Body (Preface)","author":"Andreas Vesalius","url":"/works/vesalius-on-the-fabric-of-the-human-body/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"vesalius-on-the-fabric-of-the-human-body:lesson:4","title":"The body as a work of wonder","text":"Like Galen before him, Vesalius writes of the body as a marvellous fabric, a made thing, and the title itself suggests craftsmanship. Anatomy was for him both a medical discipline and a way of contemplating the order of the human frame.","work":"On the Fabric of the Human Body (Preface)","author":"Andreas Vesalius","url":"/works/vesalius-on-the-fabric-of-the-human-body/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople:lesson:1","title":"Debts can steer a great purpose","text":"The crusade was contracted for an army larger than the one that came to Venice, and the shortfall in payment led first to Zara and then to Constantinople. Villehardouin blames those who sailed from other ports. Historians still debate whether the diversion was a chain of accidents or a plan, but the chronicle itself shows how a financial obligation shaped decisions at every step.","work":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","author":"Geoffrey de Villehardouin","url":"/works/villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople:lesson:2","title":"Keeping the host together","text":"Villehardouin values above all the unity of the army and the keeping of oaths. He condemns those who left and praises the leaders who knelt weeping before the dissenters at Corfu. He also records that the abbot of Vaux and others left out of conscience, so the reader can weigh loyalty to companions against the call of conscience.","work":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","author":"Geoffrey de Villehardouin","url":"/works/villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople:lesson:3","title":"Wonder and plunder","text":"The crusaders stare at Constantinople as the richest city in the world, and a year later Villehardouin boasts that no city ever yielded so much booty. He also writes that covetousness, the root of all evil, made some hide their spoils, and that God began to love the host less. The book records both the soldiers' pride and the narrator's sense of moral danger.","work":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","author":"Geoffrey de Villehardouin","url":"/works/villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople:lesson:4","title":"Reading an eyewitness","text":"Villehardouin was in the councils he describes, so his chronicle is precious, but he writes as a leader explaining decisions he helped make. Byzantine writers such as Niketas Choniates described the same events as a catastrophe. A careful reader honors the witness while asking what each side saw.","work":"Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","author":"Geoffrey de Villehardouin","url":"/works/villehardouin-conquest-of-constantinople/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"villette:lesson:1","title":"Endurance in solitude","text":"Lucy has no family, money or beauty to lean on, and she says plainly that she must live by her own work. Her endurance is not cheerful, but it is real: she keeps her post, her word and her creed through loneliness that nearly breaks her.","work":"Villette","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/villette/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"villette:lesson:2","title":"An unreliable, honest narrator","text":"Lucy conceals that she has recognised Graham, misleads the reader about her own feelings, and admits it afterwards. Brontë uses this reticence to make us feel how a proud, poor woman guards her inner life, and to make us read more carefully.","work":"Villette","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/villette/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"villette:lesson:3","title":"Faith across a divide","text":"Lucy, a firm Protestant in a Catholic country, and M. Paul, a devout Catholic, argue their faiths and end by respecting each other's sincerity. He asks her to remain a Protestant, and she trusts the goodness she sees in him.","work":"Villette","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/villette/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"villette:lesson:4","title":"Hope without guarantee","text":"The final chapter gives Lucy three years of happiness and then a storm, leaving Paul's fate to the reader. The ending asks whether a life can be counted good when its happiness is brief or uncertain.","work":"Villette","author":"Charlotte Brontë","url":"/works/villette/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman:lesson:1","title":"Virtue has one standard","text":"Wollstonecraft's central claim is that God gave women and men the same reason and the same calling to virtue. Courage, prudence, honesty and self-command are not masculine or feminine; they are human, and an education that trains women only to please denies them the means of becoming good.","work":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","author":"Mary Wollstonecraft","url":"/works/vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman:lesson:2","title":"Education shapes character","text":"Using the idea of the association of ideas, Wollstonecraft argues that early habits shape the whole mind. Girls taught from infancy to care chiefly for beauty and approval will form those habits; girls taught to reason, exercise and work will form others. Character, she holds, is largely made by education.","work":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","author":"Mary Wollstonecraft","url":"/works/vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman:lesson:3","title":"Marriage as friendship between rational companions","text":"Wollstonecraft argues that love founded on beauty fades, but friendship founded on respect lasts. A wife who is educated and virtuous can be her husband's companion and a wise mother, and she will need no artifice to keep his esteem.","work":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","author":"Mary Wollstonecraft","url":"/works/vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman:lesson:4","title":"A revolution in manners as well as laws","text":"Writing during the French Revolution, Wollstonecraft argues that new constitutions are not enough without a reform of character and habits. Her revolution is chiefly moral and educational: women reforming themselves, and so the world, by reason and virtue.","work":"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman","author":"Mary Wollstonecraft","url":"/works/vindication-of-the-rights-of-woman/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions:lesson:1","title":"Who judges the limits of a delegated power?","text":"The first Kentucky resolution says the general government cannot be the exclusive judge of its own powers, or its discretion rather than the Constitution would measure them. The northern states answered that the federal courts settle such questions. The resolutions are a sustained argument over where the final word on constitutional meaning should lie.","work":"The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions","author":"James Madison and Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions:lesson:2","title":"Free communication as the guardian of every other right","text":"Virginia's fifth resolution argues that the right of freely examining public characters and measures protects all other rights, because a people who cannot criticize their rulers cannot hold them to account. The Sedition Act, which punished criticism of Congress and the President, struck at that right directly.","work":"The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions","author":"James Madison and Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions:lesson:3","title":"Jealousy, not confidence, in questions of power","text":"The ninth Kentucky resolution argues that confidence in rulers, even rulers of one's own choosing, is the parent of despotism, and that limited constitutions exist because free people are rightly watchful of those they trust with power. The point is not personal distrust but a rule of prudence about power itself.","work":"The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions","author":"James Madison and Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions:lesson:4","title":"Interposition and nullification","text":"Madison's Virginia text speaks of the states' duty to interpose; Kentucky in 1799 names nullification as the rightful remedy. Madison later explained interposition as concerted protest and appeal by the states, while South Carolina in 1832 read the resolutions as warrant for a single state to annul a federal law, a reading Madison rejected.","work":"The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions","author":"James Madison and Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"virginia-declaration-of-rights:lesson:1","title":"Magistrates as trustees and servants","text":"Section II turns the usual picture of rulers upside down: power comes from the people, and officials hold it in trust and answer to them. Sections IV and V follow from this, forbidding hereditary offices and sending lawmakers back to private life at fixed periods so that they share the burdens they impose.","work":"The Virginia Declaration of Rights","author":"George Mason","url":"/works/virginia-declaration-of-rights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"virginia-declaration-of-rights:lesson:2","title":"Fair trials before liberty can be taken","text":"Sections VIII through XI gather old English protections into a short list: knowing the charge, facing accusers, a speedy jury trial, no forced self-accusation, no excessive bail, no general warrants. Section VIII ends with the law of the land and the judgment of peers, words that reach back to Magna Carta.","work":"The Virginia Declaration of Rights","author":"George Mason","url":"/works/virginia-declaration-of-rights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"virginia-declaration-of-rights:lesson:3","title":"Virtue as the keeper of free government","text":"Section XV says no paper guarantee can keep a people free without justice, moderation, temperance, frugality and virtue, and a frequent return to first principles. The Declaration places the safety of its other rights in the character of citizens.","work":"The Virginia Declaration of Rights","author":"George Mason","url":"/works/virginia-declaration-of-rights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"virginia-declaration-of-rights:lesson:4","title":"From toleration to free exercise","text":"Mason's draft promised the fullest toleration in religion; Madison's amendment changed it to an equal right to the free exercise of religion according to conscience. Toleration is something a government grants; free exercise is a right the government recognizes. Section XVI then asks citizens to practice Christian forbearance, love and charity toward one another.","work":"The Virginia Declaration of Rights","author":"George Mason","url":"/works/virginia-declaration-of-rights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom:lesson:1","title":"Faith cannot be forced","text":"The preamble argues from the nature of the mind and from the example of the author of Christianity, who chose not to spread his religion by coercion. Punishments and penalties, it says, produce not belief but outward pretence and meanness of spirit.","work":"The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom:lesson:2","title":"Paying for another's teaching","text":"The act calls it sinful and tyrannical to make a man pay for the spread of opinions he disbelieves, and holds that even supporting his own church by tax takes away his freedom to choose the pastor he finds most persuasive. This was the issue of the general assessment debate of 1784-1785.","work":"The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom:lesson:3","title":"Opinions and acts","text":"The statute separates opinions, which government may not restrain, from overt acts against peace and good order, which it may. It warns that a magistrate who judges opinions by their supposed tendency will simply make his own opinions the rule.","work":"The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom:lesson:4","title":"Truth and free argument","text":"The preamble ends with the conviction that truth is great and will prevail if left to herself, needing only free argument and debate. The enacting clause accordingly protects the freedom to profess opinions and to maintain them by argument.","work":"The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom","author":"Thomas Jefferson","url":"/works/virginia-statute-for-religious-freedom/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"volsunga-saga:lesson:1","title":"The curse that follows the gold","text":"Andvari's hoard passes from the dwarf to the gods, to Hreidmar, Fafnir, Sigurd and the Giukings, and each owner dies for it. Fafnir warns Sigurd that the gold will be his bane, and the saga bears him out. The story makes greed a force that binds generations into killing, though Gunnar's last refusal to give the gold to Atli turns the hoard into a point of honour.","work":"The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/volsunga-saga/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"volsunga-saga:lesson:2","title":"Oaths and the price of breaking them","text":"Sigurd and Brynhild plight their troth; Sigurd, under Grimhild's potion, swears brotherhood with Gunnar and Hogni; the brothers then arrange his killing through Guttorm, who alone has sworn no oath. The saga shows how a society held together by sworn faith collapses when deception and pride set one oath against another.","work":"The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/volsunga-saga/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"volsunga-saga:lesson:3","title":"Counsel for a hero: Brynhild's wise words","text":"In Chapters XX-XXI Brynhild gives Sigurd a string of counsels: be kindly to kin and forgive their trespasses, avoid quarrels with fools, keep from strong drink and beguiling women, bury the dead with care. Her advice is the saga's clearest statement of a Northern ethic of prudence and restraint, and much of the later tragedy follows from its neglect.","work":"The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/volsunga-saga/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"volsunga-saga:lesson:4","title":"Courage facing a known fate","text":"Grifir tells Sigurd his whole life in advance; dying, Sigurd says no one may fight against his fate and prevail; the Giukings ride to Atli despite runes and dreams of warning. The saga's heroes do not escape fate but meet it with steadiness, as Hogni's laughter and Gunnar's harp show.","work":"The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)","author":"Anonymous (Old Norse)","url":"/works/volsunga-saga/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"walden:lesson:1","title":"Counting the real cost","text":"Thoreau measures the price of a thing in the amount of life exchanged for it, and he shows his own accounts down to the half-penny to prove that a decent shelter can cost $28.12½. The lesson is not that everyone should live in a cabin but that every possession and every debt should be weighed against the hours of life it consumes.","work":"Walden","author":"Henry David Thoreau","url":"/works/walden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"walden:lesson:2","title":"Living deliberately","text":"In \"Where I Lived, and What I Lived For\" Thoreau goes to the woods to front the essential facts of life and to find out whether life is mean or sublime. Attention is the virtue he practices most: to the sound of the train, the color of the pond, the battle of the ants.","work":"Walden","author":"Henry David Thoreau","url":"/works/walden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"walden:lesson:3","title":"Solitude and society","text":"Thoreau insists he was not lonely at the pond, yet he walked to the village often and kept three chairs for visitors. The book distinguishes chosen solitude, in which a person finds company in nature and thought, from the isolation of a crowd.","work":"Walden","author":"Henry David Thoreau","url":"/works/walden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"walden:lesson:4","title":"Conscience and the state","text":"The night in jail mentioned in \"The Village\" is argued out fully in \"On the Duty of Civil Disobedience,\" printed with Walden in the library text. Thoreau holds that a man must not lend his support, even through taxes, to an injustice such as slavery, and must accept the penalty openly.","work":"Walden","author":"Henry David Thoreau","url":"/works/walden/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"walton-lives:lesson:1","title":"Patience in a narrow lot","text":"Walton's Hooker accepts a poor parish and a difficult household without complaint, and his pupils find him minding sheep with a book of Horace in his hand. Walton presents patience as a quiet strength that let Hooker write his great defence of the Church amid daily cares. Readers should know that later scholars have questioned Walton's portrait of Hooker's wife and marriage.","work":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","author":"Izaak Walton","url":"/works/walton-lives/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"walton-lives:lesson:2","title":"Turning from ambition to service","text":"Herbert hoped for advancement at court, but after his patrons died he took holy orders and became a country parson. On the night of his induction at Bemerton he tells Woodnot that he now sees the court as empty and finds fulness of joy in God's service. Walton shows a gifted man choosing a small place and filling it well.","work":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","author":"Izaak Walton","url":"/works/walton-lives/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"walton-lives:lesson:3","title":"Mercy in small things","text":"Herbert stops on the road to Salisbury to help a poor man reload his fallen horse, arrives soiled among his musical friends, and says the deed will be music to him at midnight. Sanderson goes himself to a hard landlord on behalf of a tenant whose hay was swept away by a flood. Walton's lives teach that holiness shows itself in ordinary acts of help.","work":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","author":"Izaak Walton","url":"/works/walton-lives/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"walton-lives:lesson:4","title":"Conscience and order in a divided church","text":"All three lives are set in the long contest over the shape of the English Church: Hooker against Travers at the Temple, Herbert defending the Prayer Book in his parish, and Sanderson ejected from Oxford and later working on the 1662 Prayer Book. Walton writes as a loyal churchman and admirer; his opponents appear chiefly through his eyes. The lives show how men of conscience on each side argued about worship and church government.","work":"The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson","author":"Izaak Walton","url":"/works/walton-lives/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"washington-farewell-address-and-selected-letters:lesson:1","title":"Leaving power can found authority","text":"Washington's restraint mattered as much as his command. By stepping down, he made republican power seem governable by norms rather than appetite.","work":"Farewell Address and Selected Letters","author":"George Washington","url":"/works/washington-farewell-address-and-selected-letters/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"washington-farewell-address-and-selected-letters:lesson:2","title":"Union includes conflict and exclusion","text":"The Farewell Address fears disunion, and the letters show a republic that also included slavery, expansion, and contested Native policy. Stability appears as a political aim within those historical conditions.","work":"Farewell Address and Selected Letters","author":"George Washington","url":"/works/washington-farewell-address-and-selected-letters/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"washington-farewell-address-and-selected-letters:lesson:3","title":"Leadership is bodily labor","text":"The letters show command as endurance through disease, fatigue, pain, and logistical distress. Public steadiness rests on physical and emotional strain.","work":"Farewell Address and Selected Letters","author":"George Washington","url":"/works/washington-farewell-address-and-selected-letters/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"washington-square:lesson:1","title":"Being right can still be cruel","text":"Dr. Sloper's suspicion of Morris is largely justified, but his treatment of Catherine is morally damaging. The novel teaches that truth without care can become domination.","work":"Washington Square","author":"Henry James","url":"/works/washington-square/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"washington-square:lesson:2","title":"Romance can educate through pain","text":"Catherine's love for Morris wounds her, but it also separates her inwardly from her father's judgment. Disappointment becomes part of her moral adulthood.","work":"Washington Square","author":"Henry James","url":"/works/washington-square/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"washington-square:lesson:3","title":"Sentimentality is not sympathy","text":"Aunt Penniman delights in Catherine's drama but often fails to care for Catherine's actual suffering. James distinguishes emotional performance from real attention.","work":"Washington Square","author":"Henry James","url":"/works/washington-square/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"washington-v-glucksberg:lesson:1","title":"History and tradition as a test","text":"The Chief Justice held that unenumerated rights protected by the Due Process Clause must be objectively rooted in the nation's history and legal traditions. Supporters see this as a check that keeps judges from writing their own views into the Constitution; critics think it ties liberty too closely to the past.","work":"Washington v. Glucksberg","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/washington-v-glucksberg/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"washington-v-glucksberg:lesson:2","title":"Describing a right carefully","text":"The Ninth Circuit asked whether there is a right to die; the Court asked whether there is a right to commit suicide with another's assistance. How broadly a right is described often determines whether a court will find it in the nation's traditions, and the justices disagreed over the right level of generality.","work":"Washington v. Glucksberg","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/washington-v-glucksberg/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"washington-v-glucksberg:lesson:3","title":"Refusing treatment and seeking aid in dying","text":"Rehnquist distinguished the right to refuse unwanted medical treatment, assumed in Cruzan, from a right to assistance in ending one's life. He rested the first on the old law of battery; the respondents argued that both involve the same choice about the end of life.","work":"Washington v. Glucksberg","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/washington-v-glucksberg/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"washington-v-glucksberg:lesson:4","title":"The vulnerable and the law","text":"Washington defended its ban partly as protection for the poor, the elderly, people with disabilities and those suffering from depression. The Court accepted these concerns as legitimate, while O'Connor stressed that palliative care remained lawful for those in pain.","work":"Washington v. Glucksberg","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/washington-v-glucksberg/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"watership-down:lesson:1","title":"Leadership that listens","text":"Hazel is neither the strongest nor the cleverest rabbit in the band, but he trusts Fiver's visions, uses Blackberry's ideas and Bigwig's strength, and takes the dangerous jobs himself. Woundwort, by contrast, commands by fear and cannot imagine an enemy who will not fight on his terms.","work":"Watership Down","author":"Richard Adams","url":"/works/watership-down/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"watership-down:lesson:2","title":"The comfortable trap","text":"Cowslip's warren has food, shelter and poetry, but its rabbits have bought comfort by agreeing not to see the snares. Adams shows how a community can grow polished and sad by refusing to name the truth about its own life.","work":"Watership Down","author":"Richard Adams","url":"/works/watership-down/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"watership-down:lesson:3","title":"Order and freedom","text":"Efrafa is safe from elil because Woundwort controls every movement, but no one there may choose anything. The book weighs three kinds of warren: the careless one at Sandleford, the deceived one at Cowslip's, and the tyrannous one at Efrafa, against the free and cooperative warren Hazel builds.","work":"Watership Down","author":"Richard Adams","url":"/works/watership-down/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"watership-down:lesson:4","title":"Stories that hold a people together","text":"The rabbits carry no possessions, only their tales of El-ahrairah, and they tell them when they are most afraid. By the epilogue Hazel's own deeds have become stories, and it is hard to tell them apart from the legends.","work":"Watership Down","author":"Richard Adams","url":"/works/watership-down/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"we-hold-these-truths:lesson:1","title":"We Hold These Truths: formed attention","text":"We Hold These Truths teaches students to slow down before judgment. twelfth-grade readers can place Murray beside Dignitatis Humanae, the American founding, and debates over religious liberty","work":"We Hold These Truths","author":"John Courtney Murray","url":"/works/we-hold-these-truths/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"we-hold-these-truths:lesson:2","title":"We Hold These Truths: order and disorder","text":"We Hold These Truths makes order visible by showing what damages it. the essays move between natural law, pluralism, church-state questions, civil conversation, and the fragility of consensus","work":"We Hold These Truths","author":"John Courtney Murray","url":"/works/we-hold-these-truths/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"we-hold-these-truths:lesson:3","title":"We Hold These Truths: body and soul","text":"We Hold These Truths gives the medical lens a human scale. its medical relevance appears where conscience, institutional freedom, public reason, and contested moral goods affect health law and care","work":"We Hold These Truths","author":"John Courtney Murray","url":"/works/we-hold-these-truths/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"we-shall-fight-on-the-beaches:lesson:1","title":"Honesty before encouragement","text":"Most of the speech is bad news plainly told: lost equipment, heavy casualties, a defeated ally, and the danger of invasion. Churchill earns the right to his final defiance by first telling Parliament the truth about the disaster.","work":"We Shall Fight on the Beaches","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/we-shall-fight-on-the-beaches/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"we-shall-fight-on-the-beaches:lesson:2","title":"Gratitude for many hands","text":"Churchill names the Navy, the merchant seamen, the volunteers in small boats, the rearguard, and the pilots of the RAF. The rescue was a work of many ordinary people, and the speech honors them before it asks more of the nation.","work":"We Shall Fight on the Beaches","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/we-shall-fight-on-the-beaches/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"we-shall-fight-on-the-beaches:lesson:3","title":"Resolve that looks beyond itself","text":"The peroration does not promise that Britain alone will win. It pledges to fight on every ground and never yield, and it places hope finally in the Empire overseas and in the New World coming to the rescue when God wills.","work":"We Shall Fight on the Beaches","author":"Winston Churchill","url":"/works/we-shall-fight-on-the-beaches/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"we:lesson:1","title":"A perfect system may define humanity as illness","text":"The OneState calls imagination, desire and freedom pathological. Zamyatin warns that rational order becomes tyrannical when it treats unpredictability as disease.","work":"We","author":"Yevgeny Zamyatin","url":"/works/we/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"we:lesson:2","title":"Transparency can be surveillance","text":"Glass architecture looks rational and honest, but it abolishes privacy. The novel teaches that visibility is not freedom when power controls who watches.","work":"We","author":"Yevgeny Zamyatin","url":"/works/we/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"we:lesson:3","title":"Desire creates a self","text":"D-503 becomes an individual through jealousy, dreams, shame and longing. The state is right to fear desire because it produces inwardness.","work":"We","author":"Yevgeny Zamyatin","url":"/works/we/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"we:lesson:4","title":"Writing can both awaken and betray","text":"D-503's records begin as propaganda but become evidence of a divided self. Yet writing also exposes him to surveillance and eventually records his restored obedience.","work":"We","author":"Yevgeny Zamyatin","url":"/works/we/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"webb-v-united-states:lesson:1","title":"A tax law that governs medicine","text":"The Harrison Act never said that addiction could not be treated. It set up a registration and tax system with an exemption for prescriptions, and the meaning of the word prescription became the real battleground. Webb shows how a revenue statute, read by courts and enforcement officers, came to shape what doctors could do.","work":"Webb v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/webb-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"webb-v-united-states:lesson:2","title":"What makes an order a prescription?","text":"Day treats the answer as obvious: an order written at a set price, without examining the patient, in whatever amount the buyer wants, is not a prescription in any ordinary sense. The certified facts emphasize volume, payment and invented names. The case invites students to ask what separates a professional judgment from a sale.","work":"Webb v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/webb-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"webb-v-united-states:lesson:3","title":"Deciding by reference to another case","text":"The opinion is short because its real reasoning sits in Doremus, decided the same day. Both the majority and the dissent simply point back to that case. Reading Webb teaches students that judicial opinions often depend on a web of companion decisions.","work":"Webb v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/webb-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"webb-v-united-states:lesson:4","title":"Maintenance and cure","text":"The certified facts contrast orders written to cure the habit with orders written to continue it. That distinction between treatment aimed at ending use and supply aimed at maintaining it would be argued over by physicians, lawmakers and judges for decades afterward.","work":"Webb v. United States","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/webb-v-united-states/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"weber-the-protestant-ethic-and-the-spirit-of-capitalism:lesson:1","title":"Ideas have economic consequences","text":"Against purely materialist accounts of history, Weber argues that religious ideas, through the conduct they encourage, can shape economic life. He insists that this is one side of a causal story, not the whole of it.","work":"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism","author":"Max Weber","url":"/works/weber-the-protestant-ethic-and-the-spirit-of-capitalism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"weber-the-protestant-ethic-and-the-spirit-of-capitalism:lesson:2","title":"Work as a calling","text":"Weber traces how Luther and later Protestants gave everyday labor the dignity of a divine vocation, so that a merchant, farmer or craftsman could serve God in ordinary work. This idea, he argues, changed the moral standing of work in the West.","work":"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism","author":"Max Weber","url":"/works/weber-the-protestant-ethic-and-the-spirit-of-capitalism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"weber-the-protestant-ethic-and-the-spirit-of-capitalism:lesson:3","title":"Assurance and anxiety","text":"Weber's most debated argument is that Calvinist predestination left believers uncertain of their salvation and that diligent work in a calling came to serve as a sign of election. Many theologians and historians, especially Reformed scholars, have disputed this reading of Calvin and of Puritan pastoral teaching.","work":"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism","author":"Max Weber","url":"/works/weber-the-protestant-ethic-and-the-spirit-of-capitalism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"weber-the-protestant-ethic-and-the-spirit-of-capitalism:lesson:4","title":"When the spirit departs","text":"At the close Weber argues that the economic order created partly by religious motives no longer needs them, and holds people within it by necessity. His final pages are a sober reflection on modern life rather than a program.","work":"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism","author":"Max Weber","url":"/works/weber-the-protestant-ethic-and-the-spirit-of-capitalism/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"webster-second-reply-to-hayne:lesson:1","title":"Who is sovereign over the Constitution","text":"Webster's central question is whose agent the national government is. By answering that it was erected by the people rather than by the state legislatures, he concludes that no single state can sit as judge over federal law, and that disputes must go to the courts, to elections, or to amendment. The argument shows how a constitutional question turns on a prior question of origins.","work":"Second Reply to Hayne","author":"Daniel Webster","url":"/works/webster-second-reply-to-hayne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"webster-second-reply-to-hayne:lesson:2","title":"Answering an opponent without losing the subject","text":"Hayne's speech ranged widely and grew personal. Webster opens by recalling the actual resolution, answers the personal charges with wit rather than anger, and then moves the whole debate to the ground he chose, the nature of the Union. The structure is a model of regaining control of an argument.","work":"Second Reply to Hayne","author":"Daniel Webster","url":"/works/webster-second-reply-to-hayne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"webster-second-reply-to-hayne:lesson:3","title":"Union and liberty held together","text":"Webster rejects the slogan Liberty first and Union afterwards, insisting that each depends on the other. His peroration presents the Union not as a cage for liberty but as the only ground on which American liberty had been secured, from Bunker Hill to the Constitution.","work":"Second Reply to Hayne","author":"Daniel Webster","url":"/works/webster-second-reply-to-hayne/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wesley-sermons-and-primitive-physick:lesson:1","title":"Practical care can be theological","text":"Wesley makes bodily visiting, advice, discipline, and relief part of religious life. Care is not an appendix to doctrine but one of its tests.","work":"Sermons on Several Occasions and Primitive Physick","author":"John Wesley","url":"/works/wesley-sermons-and-primitive-physick/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wesley-sermons-and-primitive-physick:lesson:2","title":"Organization channels emotion","text":"Methodism did not rely on conversion feeling alone. Wesley built structures that turned awakening into habits, accountability, and service.","work":"Sermons on Several Occasions and Primitive Physick","author":"John Wesley","url":"/works/wesley-sermons-and-primitive-physick/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wesley-sermons-and-primitive-physick:lesson:3","title":"Popular medicine reveals social need","text":"Primitive Physick exists because many people lacked reliable care. Its limitations matter, but so does its attempt to make health knowledge available.","work":"Sermons on Several Occasions and Primitive Physick","author":"John Wesley","url":"/works/wesley-sermons-and-primitive-physick/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"west-coast-hotel-v-parrish:lesson:1","title":"Liberty versus freedom of contract","text":"Hughes reads the due process clause as protecting liberty in general rather than any particular doctrine of contract, so that the question becomes whether a regulation is reasonable. Sutherland answers that liberty to agree on wages had been settled as part of that liberty by earlier decisions and should not be qualified by economic need.","work":"West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-coast-hotel-v-parrish/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"west-coast-hotel-v-parrish:lesson:2","title":"Overruling a precedent","text":"The Court had decided Adkins in 1923 and reaffirmed its rule in 1936. Hughes explains why the question was open again and why the earlier dissents now persuade a majority; Sutherland insists that a sound decision should not give way merely because times are hard. The case is a lesson in how courts weigh stability against correction.","work":"West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-coast-hotel-v-parrish/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"west-coast-hotel-v-parrish:lesson:3","title":"Wages, the employer and the community","text":"Hughes argues that paying less than a living wage shifts the cost of a worker's support onto taxpayers, so the public has a stake in wage bargains. Sutherland argues that a wage fixed without regard to the value of the work forces the employer to carry a social burden that belongs to the community as a whole.","work":"West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-coast-hotel-v-parrish/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"west-coast-hotel-v-parrish:lesson:4","title":"Protecting women or treating them equally","text":"The statute applied only to women and minors. Hughes relied on Muller v. Oregon and women's weaker bargaining position; Sutherland held that a woman's ability to make a fair bargain is no less than a man's. Both justices claimed to respect women's dignity while reaching opposite conclusions.","work":"West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-coast-hotel-v-parrish/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"west-virginia-v-barnette:lesson:1","title":"Changing the question","text":"Gobitis had asked whether religious objectors deserved an exemption from a valid requirement. Jackson asked a prior question: whether the state could require the salute of anyone at all. By reframing the issue as one of compelled speech, the majority made the case about every citizen's freedom of mind rather than one group's faith.","work":"West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-virginia-v-barnette/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"west-virginia-v-barnette:lesson:2","title":"Rights withdrawn from the vote","text":"Jackson writes that the very purpose of a Bill of Rights was to remove certain subjects from political controversy and place them under the protection of courts. This directly answers Frankfurter's view in Gobitis that remedies should be sought at the ballot box, and it remains one of the clearest statements of why written guarantees exist.","work":"West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-virginia-v-barnette/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"west-virginia-v-barnette:lesson:3","title":"Unity by persuasion or by force","text":"Jackson does not doubt the value of national unity; he doubts that compulsion produces it. He surveys efforts from Rome's campaign against Christianity to the totalitarian regimes then at war with America, and concludes that coercion fails. Frankfurter, in turn, warned that judges who substitute their own views for a legislature's endanger democratic self-government.","work":"West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-virginia-v-barnette/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"west-virginia-v-barnette:lesson:4","title":"The judge's private views and public duty","text":"Frankfurter opens his dissent by acknowledging his own background as a Jewish immigrant and his sympathy with the majority's libertarian views, then insists that judges must set such sympathies aside. His dissent is a classic statement of the distinction between what a judge would prefer and what the Constitution permits him to do.","work":"West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/west-virginia-v-barnette/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"where-the-red-fern-grows:lesson:1","title":"Work and patience","text":"Billy does not wait for someone to give him dogs. He earns them a few cents at a time over two years, and the long saving makes the pups more precious to him. The book shows that a desire held patiently and worked for can shape a boy's character.","work":"Where the Red Fern Grows","author":"Wilson Rawls","url":"/works/where-the-red-fern-grows/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"where-the-red-fern-grows:lesson:2","title":"Keeping a promise","text":"Billy tells his pups that if they tree a coon he will do the rest. When the coon climbs the biggest sycamore in the bottoms, Papa and Grandpa tell him he could give up, but he chops for days until his hands are raw. A promise, even one made to dogs, binds him.","work":"Where the Red Fern Grows","author":"Wilson Rawls","url":"/works/where-the-red-fern-grows/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"where-the-red-fern-grows:lesson:3","title":"Loyalty to the end","text":"Old Dan never leaves a trail and Little Ann never leaves Old Dan. When the mountain lion attacks, both dogs throw themselves at it to save Billy, and when Old Dan dies, Little Ann will not live without him. The dogs show a love that asks nothing back.","work":"Where the Red Fern Grows","author":"Wilson Rawls","url":"/works/where-the-red-fern-grows/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"where-the-red-fern-grows:lesson:4","title":"Grief and comfort","text":"Billy is angry and heartbroken when his dogs die, and he cannot see why it had to happen. Papa suggests that God may have had a reason, and the red fern between the graves brings Billy peace. The book lets a young reader grieve fully and also find hope.","work":"Where the Red Fern Grows","author":"Wilson Rawls","url":"/works/where-the-red-fern-grows/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"whewell-novum-organon-renovatum:lesson:1","title":"Facts need ideas","text":"Whewell argues that observations alone are 'insulated and unconnected' until a discoverer supplies a conception that binds them. The planets' positions were known before Kepler, but the ellipse came from his mind. Knowledge is a union of what we receive and what we contribute.","work":"Novum Organon Renovatum","author":"William Whewell","url":"/works/whewell-novum-organon-renovatum/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"whewell-novum-organon-renovatum:lesson:2","title":"Guess boldly, test strictly","text":"Against those who said science should avoid hypotheses, Whewell holds that discovery depends on many trial guesses, as Kepler's notebooks show. What makes a discoverer careful is not refusing to guess but comparing each guess rigorously with the facts and rejecting what fails.","work":"Novum Organon Renovatum","author":"William Whewell","url":"/works/whewell-novum-organon-renovatum/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"whewell-novum-organon-renovatum:lesson:3","title":"Consilience as a mark of truth","text":"Whewell's strongest test of a theory is consilience: an explanation built for one class of facts turns out, unexpectedly, to explain a quite different class. He thought no false supposition could so 'leap to the same point' by accident.","work":"Novum Organon Renovatum","author":"William Whewell","url":"/works/whewell-novum-organon-renovatum/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"whewell-novum-organon-renovatum:lesson:4","title":"Words for new knowledge","text":"Book IV shows Whewell's conviction that clear thought needs clear terms. He gives rules for coining scientific words and offers 'scientist' as a general name for those who cultivate science, on the analogy of 'artist'.","work":"Novum Organon Renovatum","author":"William Whewell","url":"/works/whewell-novum-organon-renovatum/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"white-fang:lesson:1","title":"Clay and the potter's hand","text":"London says White Fang's heredity is like clay and his surroundings mould it. Under Lip-lip's persecution and Beauty Smith's club he becomes a killer; under Scott's patience the same animal becomes a guardian who licks a puppy's face. The novel asks readers to see how much of character is formed by the treatment a creature receives.","work":"White Fang","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/white-fang/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"white-fang:lesson:2","title":"Three masters","text":"Grey Beaver rules by force but is just and protects his property; Beauty Smith rules by cruelty and cowardice; Weedon Scott rules by kindness. White Fang serves all three, but only the last wins his love.","work":"White Fang","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/white-fang/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"white-fang:lesson:3","title":"Patience that heals","text":"After White Fang bites Matt and Scott, Scott chooses to give the dog a chance instead of shooting him. Day after day he offers meat, speaks gently, and keeps his hand still until White Fang allows a touch. London shows trust being rebuilt slowly, step by step.","work":"White Fang","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/white-fang/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"white-fang:lesson:4","title":"The law of meat and a higher law","text":"In Part II the cub learns that life lives on life: eat or be eaten. In California he learns that chickens belong to the gods and must not be killed, and that the children are to be protected. London presents a progression from the bare law of survival to a law of loyalty and restraint.","work":"White Fang","author":"Jack London","url":"/works/white-fang/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"white-nights:lesson:1","title":"Fantasy can preserve and impoverish life","text":"The dreamer's imagination gives him beauty and endurance, but it also substitutes for relationships. Dostoevsky treats fantasy with tenderness and concern.","work":"White Nights","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/white-nights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"white-nights:lesson:2","title":"Kindness does not guarantee reciprocity","text":"The dreamer genuinely helps Nastenka, but his love cannot compel her love. The novella teaches the painful dignity of blessing another person's happiness.","work":"White Nights","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/white-nights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"white-nights:lesson:3","title":"Brief connection can matter","text":"The encounter does not rescue the dreamer permanently, yet it gives him a memory of having been needed. Dostoevsky honors transient intimacy without pretending it solves loneliness.","work":"White Nights","author":"Fyodor Dostoevsky","url":"/works/white-nights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"whitefield-selected-sermons:lesson:1","title":"Delivery changes doctrine's force","text":"Whitefield shows that the same teaching can become a mass event through voice, timing, and presence. Performance is not separate from persuasion.","work":"Selected Sermons","author":"George Whitefield","url":"/works/whitefield-selected-sermons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"whitefield-selected-sermons:lesson:2","title":"Awakening can travel through media","text":"Whitefield's ministry depended on roads, ships, newspapers, published sermons, and reputation. Revival was a communications network as well as a religious movement.","work":"Selected Sermons","author":"George Whitefield","url":"/works/whitefield-selected-sermons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"whitefield-selected-sermons:lesson:3","title":"Evangelical appeal and slavery share the record","text":"Whitefield's defense of slavery belongs to the same historical record as his evangelical appeal. The pairing helps readers study revival preaching within the Atlantic world that sustained it.","work":"Selected Sermons","author":"George Whitefield","url":"/works/whitefield-selected-sermons/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"whitehead-introduction-to-mathematics:lesson:1","title":"The power of abstraction","text":"Whitehead argues in his first chapter that mathematics is useful precisely because it ignores the particular things it counts or measures. A statement about any number applies to apples, planets and electric currents alike. The book invites readers to see abstraction as a strength rather than a retreat from reality.","work":"An Introduction to Mathematics","author":"Alfred North Whitehead","url":"/works/whitehead-introduction-to-mathematics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"whitehead-introduction-to-mathematics:lesson:2","title":"Notation as a tool of thought","text":"In the chapter on symbolism Whitehead argues that good symbols let the mind carry out routine operations almost mechanically, freeing attention for new problems. He connects this to the general advance of civilization through habits and tools that do work for us.","work":"An Introduction to Mathematics","author":"Alfred North Whitehead","url":"/works/whitehead-introduction-to-mathematics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"whitehead-introduction-to-mathematics:lesson:3","title":"Periodicity in nature","text":"Whitehead's chapter on periodicity shows that days, seasons, tides, heartbeats and sound waves share a mathematical form. Trigonometric functions, first developed for measuring triangles, turn out to describe repetition throughout nature.","work":"An Introduction to Mathematics","author":"Alfred North Whitehead","url":"/works/whitehead-introduction-to-mathematics/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"whitman-complete-poems:lesson:1","title":"The body can be democratic scripture","text":"Whitman makes ordinary bodies worthy of poetic reverence. His work teaches that democracy is not only a political idea but a way of seeing bodies without contempt.","work":"The Complete Poems","author":"Walt Whitman","url":"/works/whitman-complete-poems/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"whitman-complete-poems:lesson:2","title":"Care is a form of attention","text":"The Civil War poems and hospital writings show nursing as presence, touch, witnessing and small acts of comfort. Whitman makes care poetic without sanitizing wounds.","work":"The Complete Poems","author":"Walt Whitman","url":"/works/whitman-complete-poems/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"whitman-complete-poems:lesson:3","title":"The self can be plural","text":"Whitman's speaker absorbs contradiction, multiplicity and relation. The poems challenge narrow ideas of identity by making selfhood a meeting place.","work":"The Complete Poems","author":"Walt Whitman","url":"/works/whitman-complete-poems/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"whitman-complete-poems:lesson:4","title":"Mourning can become public song","text":"Whitman's elegies transform private and national grief into ritual language. He teaches that poetry can hold loss without closing it.","work":"The Complete Poems","author":"Walt Whitman","url":"/works/whitman-complete-poems/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wickard-v-filburn:lesson:1","title":"Labels versus economic effects","text":"Before 1937 the Court often decided commerce cases by asking whether an activity was 'production' or 'commerce' and whether its effects were 'direct' or 'indirect'. Jackson's opinion rejects these formulas and asks instead whether an activity exerts a substantial economic effect on interstate commerce, a shift in method that changed the scope of federal power.","work":"Wickard v. Filburn","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wickard-v-filburn/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wickard-v-filburn:lesson:2","title":"The arithmetic of aggregation","text":"Filburn's 239 bushels could not move a national market. The Court's answer was to consider his conduct together with that of every farmer similarly situated, since Congress legislates for classes of activity rather than single cases. The principle has since been applied far beyond agriculture.","work":"Wickard v. Filburn","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wickard-v-filburn/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wickard-v-filburn:lesson:3","title":"Who weighs the costs of regulation","text":"Jackson acknowledges that the quota forced some farmers to buy what they could have grown and benefited specialized growers. He answers that conflicts of economic interest are for Congress, not courts, to resolve, a statement of judicial deference that reflects the Court's new posture after the New Deal struggles.","work":"Wickard v. Filburn","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wickard-v-filburn/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wickard-v-filburn:lesson:4","title":"Reading Marshall in 1942","text":"Jackson grounds his conclusion in Gibbons v. Ogden, claiming that Marshall had described the commerce power with a breadth never exceeded and had located restraints on it in politics rather than in judicial review. Students can weigh how a twentieth-century court used an early nineteenth-century precedent.","work":"Wickard v. Filburn","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wickard-v-filburn/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wickham-the-inheritance-of-rome:lesson:1","title":"Every age on its own terms","text":"Wickham argues that reading the early Middle Ages only as the origin of later nations, or only as a decline from Rome, distorts it. Students learn to ask what people at the time were trying to do rather than what they 'led to'.","work":"The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000","author":"Chris Wickham","url":"/works/wickham-the-inheritance-of-rome/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wickham-the-inheritance-of-rome:lesson:2","title":"Taxes, land and loyalty","text":"A central thread is the shift in the West from a Roman state funded by taxation to kingdoms that rewarded followers with land. This change altered the scale of politics and the relation between rulers, aristocrats and peasants.","work":"The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000","author":"Chris Wickham","url":"/works/wickham-the-inheritance-of-rome/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wickham-the-inheritance-of-rome:lesson:3","title":"A wider Europe","text":"By giving full attention to Byzantium and the caliphate, Wickham shows that the Latin West was one region among several heirs of Rome, and not the richest. This comparison helps students see Christendom's history in its real setting.","work":"The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000","author":"Chris Wickham","url":"/works/wickham-the-inheritance-of-rome/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"winnie-the-pooh:lesson:1","title":"Friendship across tempers","text":"Pooh’s circle includes the gloomy, the bossy, and the timid; loyalty means staying with each as he is.","work":"Winnie-the-Pooh","author":"A. A. Milne","url":"/works/winnie-the-pooh/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"winnie-the-pooh:lesson:2","title":"Little brain, large heart","text":"Pooh’s simplicity clears space for attention to friends and to small goods like honey.","work":"Winnie-the-Pooh","author":"A. A. Milne","url":"/works/winnie-the-pooh/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"winnie-the-pooh:lesson:3","title":"Play as moral rehearsal","text":"Expeditions let children practice courage and cooperation in safe comedy.","work":"Winnie-the-Pooh","author":"A. A. Milne","url":"/works/winnie-the-pooh/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wisconsin-v-yoder:lesson:1","title":"Belief rooted in a way of life","text":"The Court distinguished a religious way of life from a personal philosophy, using Thoreau as its example of the second. Only the first could claim the protection of the Free Exercise Clause, and the Amish showed that their farming, dress and schooling all flowed from their faith.","work":"Wisconsin v. Yoder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wisconsin-v-yoder/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wisconsin-v-yoder:lesson:2","title":"The weight a state must carry","text":"Chief Justice Burger required interests of the highest order, not otherwise served, before a law could override sincere religious practice. Wisconsin's interest in education was strong, but the Court asked what one or two extra years would really add for children already trained at home.","work":"Wisconsin v. Yoder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wisconsin-v-yoder/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wisconsin-v-yoder:lesson:3","title":"Who speaks for the child?","text":"Justice Douglas agreed that the parents' faith was sincere but asked whether fourteen- and fifteen-year-olds had their own wishes. The majority answered that the case concerned the parents' criminal convictions and that no child had been shown to disagree.","work":"Wisconsin v. Yoder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wisconsin-v-yoder/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wisconsin-v-yoder:lesson:4","title":"Parents and the long tradition of nurture","text":"The Court called the primary role of parents in raising their children an enduring American tradition and traced it to Pierce v. Society of Sisters. Yoder joins religious freedom to parental authority, a pairing the Court recalled in 1990 when it described the case as resting on both.","work":"Wisconsin v. Yoder","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/wisconsin-v-yoder/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wittgenstein-philosophical-investigations:lesson:1","title":"Meaning as use","text":"Wittgenstein challenges the idea that every word names a thing. He asks readers to look at how words function in activities, like tools in a toolbox, and concludes that for a large class of cases a word's meaning is its use in the language.","work":"Philosophical Investigations","author":"Ludwig Wittgenstein","url":"/works/wittgenstein-philosophical-investigations/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wittgenstein-philosophical-investigations:lesson:2","title":"Family resemblance","text":"Asked what all games have in common, Wittgenstein tells the reader not to think but to look, and finds overlapping similarities rather than one shared feature. The idea has been applied to many concepts that resist definition.","work":"Philosophical Investigations","author":"Ludwig Wittgenstein","url":"/works/wittgenstein-philosophical-investigations/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wittgenstein-philosophical-investigations:lesson:3","title":"Following a rule","text":"A pupil who continues a number series correctly up to a point and then goes wrong raises the question of what makes one continuation right. Wittgenstein argues that rules are followed in practices learned through training, not by consulting a private interpretation. Philosophers continue to debate how to read this argument, notably since Saul Kripke's 1982 interpretation.","work":"Philosophical Investigations","author":"Ludwig Wittgenstein","url":"/works/wittgenstein-philosophical-investigations/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wittgenstein-philosophical-investigations:lesson:4","title":"Is my pain private?","text":"The private language remarks ask whether words for sensations could get their meaning from inner objects only the speaker can see. Wittgenstein's beetle in a box suggests that the private object drops out of the language-game, and that our sensation words are woven into shared expressions and responses.","work":"Philosophical Investigations","author":"Ludwig Wittgenstein","url":"/works/wittgenstein-philosophical-investigations/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole:lesson:1","title":"Turning a refusal into a road","text":"In London Seacole is turned away by every office she tries, and she weeps and prays in the street. The next morning she decides to go to the Crimea at her own cost and builds a business that lets her serve. The book shows a closed door becoming the start of a different path.","work":"Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands","author":"Mary Seacole","url":"/works/wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole:lesson:2","title":"Skill learned by watching and doing","text":"Seacole learns medicine from her mother, practises on her doll and pets, and gains experience in cholera and yellow fever epidemics. She is proud of her skill but also quick to praise the overworked army doctors whom she wished to help. Her story honours practical knowledge built over a lifetime.","work":"Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands","author":"Mary Seacole","url":"/works/wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole:lesson:3","title":"Mercy that crosses battle lines","text":"After the Battle of the Tchernaya Seacole dresses the wounds of French, Sardinian and Russian soldiers as well as British ones, and she is bitten by a dying Russian whose pain she was trying to ease. She records the thanks given in the one common language of smiles. Her care follows need rather than nationality.","work":"Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands","author":"Mary Seacole","url":"/works/wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole:lesson:4","title":"Counting gains that are not money","text":"Seacole returns from the war bankrupt and in poorer health, yet she says she cannot feel ashamed, because everywhere in London she meets friends from Spring Hill. She asks whether she would have gained such friendship if she had come home rich. The conclusion invites readers to weigh what makes a life rich.","work":"Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands","author":"Mary Seacole","url":"/works/wonderful-adventures-of-mrs-seacole/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"woolf-rome-an-empires-story:lesson:1","title":"Explaining survival, not only collapse","text":"Woolf reverses the familiar question of why Rome fell and asks how it lasted so long. This shift invites students to look for the institutions, habits and loyalties that keep any large community together.","work":"Rome: An Empire's Story","author":"Greg Woolf","url":"/works/woolf-rome-an-empires-story/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"woolf-rome-an-empires-story:lesson:2","title":"Comparison as a tool of understanding","text":"By comparing Rome with other empires in taxation, warfare and identity, Woolf shows what was typical and what was distinctive about Roman rule. Comparison guards against both exaggerating and dismissing the Roman achievement.","work":"Rome: An Empire's Story","author":"Greg Woolf","url":"/works/woolf-rome-an-empires-story/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"woolf-rome-an-empires-story:lesson:3","title":"Becoming Roman","text":"A recurring theme is how people of many languages and traditions came to share a Roman identity through citizenship, cities and the cooperation of local leaders. Woolf's research specialty helps students see empire as something experienced and adopted from below as well as imposed from above.","work":"Rome: An Empire's Story","author":"Greg Woolf","url":"/works/woolf-rome-an-empires-story/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"woolf-to-the-lighthouse:lesson:1","title":"Small acts make a world","text":"Mrs Ramsay's measuring of a stocking, her seating of guests and her serving of the boeuf en daube are the novel's great events. Woolf shows how ordinary hospitality can create a shared moment that the guests remember for years. The dinner is remembered in Part III long after the house has stood empty.","work":"To the Lighthouse","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/woolf-to-the-lighthouse/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"woolf-to-the-lighthouse:lesson:2","title":"Time and loss told in brackets","text":"The middle part reports three deaths in a few bracketed lines while giving pages to dust, wind and a shawl slipping from a skull. The arrangement makes loss feel both sudden and quietly absorbed by the passing years. It asks readers to notice what stays and what does not.","work":"To the Lighthouse","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/woolf-to-the-lighthouse/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"woolf-to-the-lighthouse:lesson:3","title":"Finishing the picture","text":"Lily is told she cannot paint, doubts her own work, and puts the canvas away for ten years. In Part III she returns to it while grieving and completes it, knowing it may be hung in an attic. The novel honours work finished for its own sake.","work":"To the Lighthouse","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/woolf-to-the-lighthouse/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"woolf-to-the-lighthouse:lesson:4","title":"A father and children reconciled","text":"James's childhood resentment of his father, born of the refused trip, carries into the voyage ten years later. A few words of praise for his steering change something between them. Woolf presents the reconciliation without speeches, through a gesture and a landing.","work":"To the Lighthouse","author":"Virginia Woolf","url":"/works/woolf-to-the-lighthouse/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"worcester-v-georgia:lesson:1","title":"Nations within a nation","text":"Marshall describes the Cherokee as a distinct people with their own territory and government, connected to the United States by treaty and protection rather than absorbed into a state. His reasoning draws on the law of nations: a weaker power that places itself under a stronger one's protection does not thereby give up self-government.","work":"Worcester v. Georgia","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/worcester-v-georgia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"worcester-v-georgia:lesson:2","title":"What discovery did and did not convey","text":"Marshall reinterprets the European doctrine of discovery: it settled competing claims among European powers and gave the discoverer the exclusive right to purchase land, but it did not give title over the native inhabitants or their government. Royal charters that drew lines across the continent conveyed only what the crown actually held.","work":"Worcester v. Georgia","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/worcester-v-georgia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"worcester-v-georgia:lesson:3","title":"Georgia's claim of sovereignty","text":"Georgia regarded the Cherokee lands as part of its own territory, guaranteed to it by the boundaries of its royal charter and by the 1802 compact in which the United States had promised to extinguish Indian title. The state saw a separate government within its borders as incompatible with its sovereignty and refused to appear before a federal court it believed had no authority over it.","work":"Worcester v. Georgia","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/worcester-v-georgia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"worcester-v-georgia:lesson:4","title":"When a judgment is not obeyed","text":"The Court reversed the convictions, but Georgia did not release the missionaries, and the federal executive took no action to compel it. The case shows that judicial decisions depend on the cooperation of other branches and of the states. The often-repeated line attributed to Jackson, that Marshall had made his decision and should now enforce it, is not reliably documented.","work":"Worcester v. Georgia","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/worcester-v-georgia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"worcester-v-georgia:lesson:5","title":"A missionary's conscience","text":"Worcester and Butler could have avoided prison by taking Georgia's oath or leaving the Nation, as most of their fellow missionaries did. They refused, believing the oath would deny the rights the Cherokee held under federal treaties and abandon the people they served. Their decision to remain imprisoned rather than accept a pardon on the state's terms kept the case alive.","work":"Worcester v. Georgia","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/worcester-v-georgia/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wuthering-heights:lesson:1","title":"Love can be inseparable from violence","text":"The novel refuses to make Catherine and Heathcliff's bond simply redemptive. Their attachment is profound, but it becomes destructive when joined to humiliation, possession and revenge.","work":"Wuthering Heights","author":"Emily Brontë","url":"/works/wuthering-heights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wuthering-heights:lesson:2","title":"Childhood injury can organize generations","text":"Hindley's abuse and Heathcliff's degradation do not stay private. The second generation inherits the emotional and economic consequences of the first.","work":"Wuthering Heights","author":"Emily Brontë","url":"/works/wuthering-heights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wuthering-heights:lesson:3","title":"Narration is not neutral care","text":"Nelly Dean nurses, judges, withholds and participates. The novel teaches readers to question the caretaker-narrator whose intimacy gives both knowledge and power.","work":"Wuthering Heights","author":"Emily Brontë","url":"/works/wuthering-heights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"wuthering-heights:lesson:4","title":"Houses remember bodies","text":"Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange preserve class, violence and illness in space. Bronte makes domestic architecture feel like an extension of psychic life.","work":"Wuthering Heights","author":"Emily Brontë","url":"/works/wuthering-heights/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"youngberg-v-romeo:lesson:1","title":"Liberty that survives commitment","text":"The Court held that a person lawfully committed by a state does not lose every liberty at the institution's door. Romeo kept interests in bodily safety and in not being restrained without reason, and Powell compared his position favorably with that of convicted prisoners, whose confinement is meant to punish.","work":"Youngberg v. Romeo","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngberg-v-romeo/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"youngberg-v-romeo:lesson:2","title":"Deference to professionals","text":"Rather than letting juries second-guess daily decisions in crowded institutions, the Court gave the judgment of qualified staff a presumption of correctness. Supporters saw this as realistic about how institutions work; others worried that it might shield poor practice so long as a professional had signed off.","work":"Youngberg v. Romeo","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngberg-v-romeo/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"youngberg-v-romeo:lesson:3","title":"Deciding only what the record requires","text":"Blackmun's concurrence shows the discipline of leaving hard questions for a case that squarely presents them. Because the record did not clearly show what training Romeo sought, the Court declined to announce a broader right to habilitation, while Burger would have rejected that right at once.","work":"Youngberg v. Romeo","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngberg-v-romeo/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer:lesson:1","title":"Who makes the law in an emergency","text":"Black's opinion turns on a simple division: Congress makes laws and the President executes them. Because the seizure order set wages, conditions and possession for an entire industry, the majority treated it as legislation the President could not make on his own, however urgent the need.","work":"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer:lesson:2","title":"Power that rises and falls with Congress","text":"Jackson's concurrence rejects fixed categories in favour of a sliding scale: presidential power is greatest when Congress agrees, uncertain when Congress is silent, and weakest when Congress has refused. Because Congress had rejected seizure in 1947, the steel order fell in the weakest category. Later Courts have adopted this framework as the standard approach to executive power.","work":"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer:lesson:3","title":"The emergency as a reason for power","text":"Vinson's dissent asks the Court to look at the world in 1952: war in Korea, commitments to allies, and defense programs Congress had funded but which depended on continuous steel production. He saw the President as carrying out Congress's own programs, not defying it. The dissent presents the case for executive energy in a crisis.","work":"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer:lesson:4","title":"Experience and constitutional judgment","text":"Jackson begins by admitting that he had once advised a President to claim broad powers, and that the framers' intentions are as enigmatic as Pharaoh's dreams. His willingness to draw on practical experience while distrusting easy appeals to original intent makes his concurrence a model of candid judicial reasoning.","work":"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/youngstown-sheet-and-tube-v-sawyer/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"zelman-v-simmons-harris:lesson:1","title":"Whose choice directs the money?","text":"Rehnquist's opinion turns on the path by which aid reaches a religious school. When the government gives aid to parents who then choose among many schools, the decision to support religious education belongs to the parents, not the state. Souter answered that the form of a payment should not hide its substance, especially when most participating schools were religious.","work":"Zelman v. Simmons-Harris","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/zelman-v-simmons-harris/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"zelman-v-simmons-harris:lesson:2","title":"Measuring genuine options","text":"The opinions disagree about what alternatives Cleveland parents really had. The majority counted community schools, magnet schools and tutoring alongside the scholarship schools, while the dissent focused on the scholarship schools, nearly all religious. The case shows how the frame of comparison can shape a constitutional result.","work":"Zelman v. Simmons-Harris","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/zelman-v-simmons-harris/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"zelman-v-simmons-harris:lesson:3","title":"Education and opportunity","text":"Thomas began with Frederick Douglass's words that education means emancipation and argued that poor urban families want the best education for their children wherever it is offered. The dissenters did not dispute the crisis in Cleveland but held that constitutional limits apply most clearly in hard and sympathetic cases.","work":"Zelman v. Simmons-Harris","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/zelman-v-simmons-harris/#lessons"},{"type":"lesson","id":"zelman-v-simmons-harris:lesson:4","title":"Religion and social peace","text":"Breyer recalled the nineteenth-century conflicts between Protestant and Catholic communities over public schools and argued that funding religious schools could reopen such divisions. Supporters of the program responded that excluding religious schools from neutral aid can itself treat religious families unequally.","work":"Zelman v. Simmons-Harris","author":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"/works/zelman-v-simmons-harris/#lessons"}]}