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Quotation from Ex parte Milligan by Supreme Court of the United States

“The necessity must be actual and present; the invasion real, such as effectually closes the courts and deposes the civil administration.”

Supreme Court of the United States

Ex parte Milligan, Opinion of the Court (Davis, J.) (U.S. Reports text (Wikisource))

Portrait of Supreme Court of the United States

Davis defines the only circumstances in which martial rule may replace civil government.

Citation: "The necessity must be actual and present; the invasion real, such as effectually closes the courts and deposes the civil administration." — Supreme Court of the United States, Ex parte Milligan, Opinion of the Court (Davis, J.) (U.S. Reports text (Wikisource)). (id ex-parte-milligan-q3)

Portrait: DDavis, Brady-Handy collection, Public domain.

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Quote card: The necessity must be actual and present; the invasion real, such as effectually