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Quotation from The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson

“that right of freely examining public characters and measures, and of free communication among the people thereon, which has ever been justly deemed, the only effectual guardian of every other right.”

James Madison and Thomas Jefferson

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, Virginia Resolutions (1798), Resolution 5 (Avalon Project transcription)

Portrait of James Madison and Thomas Jefferson

Virginia's objection to the Sedition Act, which punished published criticism of the government.

Citation: "that right of freely examining public characters and measures, and of free communication among the people thereon, which has ever been justly deemed, the only effectual guardian of every other right." — James Madison and Thomas Jefferson, The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, Virginia Resolutions (1798), Resolution 5 (Avalon Project transcription). (id virginia-and-kentucky-resolutions-q3)

Portrait: Rembrandt Peale - Thomas Jefferson, Rembrandt Peale, Public domain.

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Quote card: that right of freely examining public characters and measures, and of free commu