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Quotation from Wickard v. Filburn by Supreme Court of the United States
“questions of the power of Congress are not to be decided by reference to any formula which would give controlling force to nomenclature such as 'production' and 'indirect' and foreclose consideration of the actual effects of the activity in question upon interstate commerce.”
Wickard v. Filburn, Opinion of the Court (Jackson, J.), review of Commerce Clause decisions (U.S. Reports text (Wikisource))

Jackson announces that older doctrinal labels will no longer decide commerce cases.
Citation: "questions of the power of Congress are not to be decided by reference to any formula which would give controlling force to nomenclature such as 'production' and 'indirect' and foreclose consideration of the actual effects of the activity in question upon interstate commerce." — Supreme Court of the United States, Wickard v. Filburn, Opinion of the Court (Jackson, J.), review of Commerce Clause decisions (U.S. Reports text (Wikisource)). (id wickard-v-filburn-q1)
Portrait: Roberthjackson, Harris & Ewing, Public domain.
