Author

Nicolo Barbaro, George Sphrantzes, Doukas, and others

The siege of Constantinople, miniature by Jean Le Tavernier (after 1455).
The siege of Constantinople, miniature by Jean Le Tavernier (after 1455). Source · Public domain

About Nicolo Barbaro, George Sphrantzes, Doukas, and others

The record gathers the principal witnesses to the siege. Nicolò Barbaro was a Venetian nobleman serving as a physician with the Venetian galleys in the harbor, and kept a day-by-day diary. George Sphrantzes (1401-c. 1478) was a lifelong servant and friend of Emperor Constantine XI, captured when the city fell, who later became a monk on Corfu and wrote a short chronicle of his times. Doukas, a Greek in the service of the Genoese lords of Lesbos, was not in the city but wrote a full history of the Ottoman rise in the 1460s from informants. Leonard of Chios, archbishop of Mytilene, wrote a long letter to Pope Nicholas V in August 1453. Kritovoulos of Imbros, a Greek who entered Mehmed II's service, and Tursun Beg, an Ottoman official who marched with the sultan's army, wrote histories of the conqueror's reign.

On this site

The Fall of Constantinople, 1453: Eyewitness Accounts

1453 · Medieval · History

This record surveys the eyewitness and near-contemporary narratives of the Ottoman siege and capture of Constantinople, from 6 April to 29 May 1453, and the perspectives each brings. The library does not include a full text: the accounts were written in Italian, Greek, Latin and Ottoman Turkish, and the standard English translations (Barbaro by J. R. Melville Jones, 1969; Sphrantzes by Marios Philippides, 1980; Doukas by Harry J. Magoulias, 1975) are under copyright, so no quotations are given.