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Anonymous

Works whose authors are unknown or not individually named

Imagined depiction of Enoch taken up by God, engraving after Gerard Hoet (1728).
Imagined depiction of Enoch taken up by God, engraving after Gerard Hoet (1728). Source · Public domain

About Anonymous

The Bible is an anthology of texts written over roughly a thousand years by many anonymous or traditionally named authors: Israelite priests, scribes, prophets and poets, and early Christian writers such as Paul and the evangelists. The King James Version was produced by some fifty scholars in six companies working under the authority of James I and published in 1611, drawing heavily on William Tyndale's earlier translation.

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The Bible

composed c. 1000 BCE – c. 100 CE; KJV 1611 · Ancient · Religious Scripture

The Bible is the sacred scripture of Judaism and Christianity, and the reference edition presents the King James Version of 1611, the most influential translation in English. It is a library rather than a single book.

The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)

c. 300–100 BC · Ancient · Religious Scripture

The Book of Enoch, usually called 1 Enoch, is a collection of five Jewish apocalyptic books gathered under the name of Enoch, the patriarch of Genesis 5 who walked with God and was not, for God took him. Written in stages during the Second Temple period, it presents Enoch as a righteous scribe who is shown the secrets of heaven, earth and the coming judgment and writes them down for his son Methuselah and for a remote generation.

The Dream of the Rood

c. 700-750 (Ruthwell Cross); Vercelli Book c. 975 · Medieval · Poetry

The Dream of the Rood is the oldest dream-vision poem in English and one of the great devotional poems of the early Middle Ages. A sleepless narrator, at midnight while others rest, sees a vast tree rising into the sky, wrapped in light and set with gold and jewels.

Beowulf

c. 8th-11th century · Medieval · Epic

Beowulf remembers a northern heroic world through three combats that join glory to mortality. Hrothgar's hall Heorot, built as a center of gift-giving and song, becomes a place of terror when Grendel attacks the sleeping retainers.

The Song of Roland

c. 1100 · Medieval · Epic

The Song of Roland transforms a historical rearguard action in Charlemagne's Spanish campaign into a sacred and feudal epic of loyalty, betrayal, martyrdom, and judgment. The plot turns on Ganelon's resentment.

medium medical relevanceHeroismHonor ShameWar Violence
The Nibelungenlied

c. 1200 · Medieval · Epic

The Nibelungenlied is a medieval German epic of courtship, deception, insult and catastrophic revenge. Its first half centers on Siegfried, prince of Xanten, who comes to Worms hoping to win Kriemhild, sister of the Burgundian kings Gunther, Gernot and Giselher.

medium medical relevanceHonor ShameRevengeWar Violence
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

late 14th century · Medieval · Poetry

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight opens at Arthur's Christmas court, where a green stranger interrupts the feast with a beheading game. Gawain accepts the challenge, cuts off the Green Knight's head, and must seek the Green Chapel a year later to receive the return blow.