I. A. Richards

Ivor Armstrong Richards was born in Sandbach, Cheshire, in 1893. He was educated at Clifton College and at Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he studied philosophy, the moral sciences, rather than literature. In 1922 he became a college lecturer in English and moral sciences at Magdalene, and when the Cambridge Faculty of English was formally established a few years later he received a permanent university post. With C. K. Ogden he wrote The Meaning of Meaning (1923). His Principles of Literary Criticism (1924) sought a psychological basis for judging poetry, and Practical Criticism (1929) reported his experiments asking students to comment on unsigned poems. These books helped lay the foundations of the New Criticism and its close reading. Richards taught in China, promoted Basic English, a simplified English of 850 words, and in 1939 moved to Harvard University. In 1974 he returned to Magdalene College, where he lived until his death in 1979.

I. A. Richards is also an author in the library: author page and works.

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