Hannah Arendt

Hannah Arendt was born in 1906 in Linden, near Hanover, Germany, into a secular Jewish family, and grew up in Königsberg. She studied philosophy at Marburg with Martin Heidegger and at Heidelberg with Karl Jaspers, who supervised her doctoral dissertation on Saint Augustine's idea of love. After the Nazis came to power in 1933 she was briefly arrested and fled to Paris, where she worked with Jewish refugee organizations. In 1940 she was interned in a French camp but escaped, and in 1941 she reached New York with her husband, Heinrich Blücher. She became an American citizen in 1951, the same year she published The Origins of Totalitarianism, which traced the roots of Nazism and Stalinism. The Human Condition (1958) examined labor, work and action. Reporting for The New Yorker on the 1961 trial in Jerusalem of the Nazi official Adolf Eichmann, she wrote Eichmann in Jerusalem, with its controversial phrase 'the banality of evil'. She taught at several universities, including the New School in New York, where she died in 1975.

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Faith: Born into a German-Jewish family; she worked for Jewish refugee organizations in Paris. Source: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy