Reading together

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Suggested Pairings

A Bear Called Paddington + Winnie-the-Pooh
Both are English books about a well-meaning bear whose literal-minded logic leads to comic disasters, but Pooh lives in an enclosed wood while Paddington is let loose in the real streets of London.
A Bear Called Paddington + Stuart Little
Both place a small animal inside an ordinary human family in a great city, New York or London, and draw comedy from his size and his dignity.
A Bear Called Paddington + The Borrowers
Both English books of the early 1950s see a familiar house from the point of view of a small outsider, so that baths, rooms and household objects become an adventure.
A Bear Called Paddington + Mr. Popper's Penguins
In both, an animal from a far country moves into a modest family home, and the household's patience with the resulting chaos is the heart of the humour.
A Bear Called Paddington + Little Lord Fauntleroy
Paddington and Cedric Errol both arrive in a strange English world as small newcomers and win over doubtful adults, Mrs. Bird and Mr. Curry or the old Earl, by their courtesy and trust.
A Burnt-Out Case + Heart of Darkness
Both follow a European upriver into the Congo; Conrad's journey uncovers imperial horror, while Greene's ends at a leproserie where the traveller's own emptiness is the subject.
A Burnt-Out Case + The Power and the Glory
Greene's earlier hunted whisky priest is a sinner who keeps faith; Querry is a man admired as a saint who has lost it, a reversal of the same moral puzzle.
A Burnt-Out Case + Fathers and Sons
Bazarov the nihilist doctor and Dr Colin the atheist physician both treat illness without metaphysical comfort, though Colin's stoic humanism contrasts with Bazarov's scorn.
A Burnt-Out Case + The Quiet American
Both Greene novels feature a disillusioned European observer in a colonial setting and a well-meaning outsider whose ideals cause harm.
A Burnt-Out Case + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Both explore a man emptied of meaning; Ivan Ilyich finds it at death through compassion from his servant Gerasim, much as Querry's bond with Deo Gratias begins his recovery.
A Child's Garden of Verses + The Real Mother Goose
Folk rhyme versus authored lyric.
A Child's Garden of Verses + Treasure Island
Same author: adventure prose versus garden lyrics.
A Christmas Carol + David Copperfield
Both draw on Dickens's memories of childhood hardship; David's warehouse labour and Scrooge's neglected boyhood show how early suffering shapes adult character.
A Christmas Carol + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Both confront a self-absorbed man with his own death and show change through compassion, though Tolstoy grants no second chance at life.
A Christmas Carol + The Warden
Both examine the ethics of income and charity in Victorian England; Trollope's gentle Harding questions his own comfortable income where Scrooge must be terrified into generosity.
A Christmas Carol + The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern Papers
James's tale is framed as a Christmas Eve ghost story, a convention Dickens did much to popularise, but makes the ghost a source of doubt rather than redemption.
A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America + Thoughts on Government and Selected Letters
Thoughts on Government (1776) sketches in a few pages the same plan of governor, council and assembly that the Defence supports with three volumes of history; the library's Adams selection also contains the Defence's first volume.
A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America + The Spirit of the Laws
Chapter V quotes Montesquieu's account of the English constitution from Book XI, chapter 6, and Adams builds on its separation of legislative, executive and judicial power, adding his own insistence on three branches within the legislature.
A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America + The Federalist Papers
Madison and Hamilton also defend a bicameral Congress and an executive veto, but they ground the design in the extended republic and in ambition counteracting ambition, while Adams relies on a natural division of society into the one, the few and the many.
A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America + The Articles of Confederation
The Conclusion describes the single-chamber Congress of the Articles as a diplomatic assembly of state deputies, acceptable for a league but no model for a state government.
A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America + The Histories
Adams's Preface recalls Herodotus's story of the neighing horse of Darius, which ends the Persian debate on monarchy, oligarchy and democracy in Book III, as proof that the simple forms were understood long ago.
A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America + Politics
Aristotle's classification of constitutions and his preference for a mixed polity stand behind the classical tradition Adams surveys through Polybius and Cicero in the Preface and Chapter VI.
A Doll's House and Other Plays + Effi Briest
Both portray young wives confined by older, career-minded husbands and a secret from the past; Effi is crushed by social codes, while Nora walks out.
A Doll's House and Other Plays + The Portrait of a Lady
Isabel Archer, like Nora, discovers that her marriage was an arrangement in which she was an ornament; James leaves her choice to return more ambiguous.
A Doll's House and Other Plays + Washington Square
Catherine Sloper's controlling father and her fortune-seeking suitor show a woman treated as property, a parallel to Nora's dependency on Torvald and her father.
A Doll's House and Other Plays + Death of a Salesman
Miller acknowledged Ibsen's influence: both plays build toward the exposure of a long-hidden secret in a family home, and Miller adapted An Enemy of the People (1950).
A Doll's House and Other Plays + The Misanthrope and Other Plays
Molière's Alceste and Ibsen's Dr Stockmann are both uncompromising truth-tellers isolated by a society that prefers smooth surfaces.
A Farewell to Arms + All Quiet on the Western Front
Published the same year, Remarque's novel stays with a German infantry company to the end, while Frederic, an American volunteer on the Italian front, walks out of the war and tries to build a private life beyond it.
A Farewell to Arms + The Old Man and the Sea
Santiago, defeated but not destroyed, answers Frederic's claim that the world breaks every one; read together they show how Hemingway's idea of endurance deepened over twenty-three years.
A Farewell to Arms + Testament of Youth
Vera Brittain served as a VAD nurse like Catherine and lost her fiancé in France; her memoir gives the nurse's side of the hospitals and of a love shadowed by the war.
A Farewell to Arms + Romeo and Juliet
Frederic and Catherine, like Shakespeare's lovers, make a private world against a public conflict, and their haste and secrecy end in a death that no one in the story can prevent.
A Farewell to Arms + The Great Gatsby
Fitzgerald's Nick Carraway and Hemingway's Frederic both narrate after the event in a postwar voice, one from the Long Island of the 1920s, the other from the war itself.
A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories + The Scarlet Letter
A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories can be compared with the-scarlet-letter to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories + Crime and Punishment
A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories can be compared with crime-and-punishment to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
A Letter Concerning Toleration + The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
Jefferson's statute of 1786 echoes Locke's premises that God made the mind free and that civil rights should not depend on religious opinions, but it drops Locke's exclusions and declares that no man shall suffer for his religious beliefs.
A Letter Concerning Toleration + Second Treatise of Government
Published the same year, the Second Treatise defines political power as the protection of life, liberty and estate; the Letter applies that definition to religion and concludes that the care of souls lies outside it.
A Letter Concerning Toleration + Areopagitica
Milton's speech of 1644 against prior licensing of books argues that truth is strengthened by free encounter with error, yet, like Locke, he stops short of tolerating what he calls popery and open superstition.
A Letter Concerning Toleration + A Theologico-Political Treatise
Published in the Dutch Republic in 1670, Spinoza's treatise also argues for freedom of thought, but places outward religious practice under the sovereign's authority, where Locke gives the church its own voluntary sphere.
A Letter Concerning Toleration + Dignitatis Humanae
The Second Vatican Council's declaration of 1965 grounds religious liberty in the dignity of the person and the nature of faith as a free response to God, a theological argument that meets Locke's claim that belief cannot be compelled from different premises.
A Letter Concerning Toleration + An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Locke's Essay, also published in 1689, argues that assent should be proportioned to evidence and that the understanding cannot be forced, the epistemology behind the Letter's claim that the magistrate's sword cannot produce belief.
A Little Princess + The Secret Garden
Burnett's later novel also brings an India-born child to England, but Mary Lennox begins sour and is healed by a garden, while Sara begins gracious and is tested by poverty.
A Little Princess + Little Lord Fauntleroy
Burnett reverses the fortune plot: Cedric rises suddenly from modest life to an earldom, while Sara falls from riches to the attic before her fortune returns.
A Little Princess + Pollyanna
Both heroines are orphans who meet hardship with a chosen habit of mind, Pollyanna's glad game and Sara's pretending, and both soften the adults around them.
A Little Princess + Jane Eyre
Brontë's Lowood school offers a harsher, older picture of a cold boarding school and a girl's hunger and dignity under a tyrannical master.
A Little Princess + A Christmas Carol
Both books set hunger and cold in winter London against the warmth of food and fire given freely, and both turn on a rich man's change of heart.
A Midsummer Night's Dream + Twelfth Night
A Midsummer Night's Dream can be compared with twelfth-night to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
A Midsummer Night's Dream + Macbeth
A Midsummer Night's Dream can be compared with macbeth to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
A Model of Christian Charity + The Bible
Winthrop's argument is woven from Scripture: Colossians 3:14 for love as the bond of perfection, 1 Corinthians 12 for the body, Micah 6:8 for justice and mercy, Matthew 5:14 for the city on a hill, and Deuteronomy 30 for the closing choice of life.
A Model of Christian Charity + Second Inaugural Address
Lincoln, like Winthrop, reads a nation's fortunes in terms of providence and divine judgment, though Lincoln speaks after a covenant broken in war while Winthrop speaks before the work begins.
A Model of Christian Charity + Democracy in America
Tocqueville opens his account of American democracy with the Puritan founding of New England, seeing in men like Winthrop the union of religious and civil liberty that shaped the townships.
A Model of Christian Charity + The Scarlet Letter
Hawthorne sets his novel in Winthrop's Boston and marks the governor's death in the scaffold chapter, testing the covenant community's ideals against a story of hidden sin and public shame.
A Modest Proposal + Gulliver's Travels
A Modest Proposal can be compared with gullivers-travels to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
A Modest Proposal + The Communist Manifesto
A Modest Proposal can be compared with the-communist-manifesto to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
A Tale of Two Cities + The Scarlet Pimpernel
Both novels rescue the condemned from the Terror; Orczy's hero is a disguised English nobleman who escapes again and again, while Carton saves one man by dying in his place.
A Tale of Two Cities + Common Sense, Rights of Man, The Age of Reason, and The American Crisis
Paine's Rights of Man defended the Revolution against Burke in 1791; Dickens, writing seventy years later, explains the Revolution's causes but recoils from the Terror Paine himself barely survived.
A Tale of Two Cities + Great Expectations
Written immediately after, Great Expectations also turns on a hidden past, a prison, and a young man who learns that his fortune is bound up with someone he despised.
A Tale of Two Cities + A Christmas Carol
Scrooge and Carton both undergo a change of heart that Dickens frames as a resurrection, one comic and domestic, the other tragic and historical.
A Tale of Two Cities + The Hiding Place
Both books set ordinary households against a state that imprisons and kills by category; Corrie ten Boom's memoir shows sacrificial rescue in history rather than fiction.
A Treatise of Human Nature + An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Locke supplied the vocabulary of ideas and the empiricist programme; Hume tightens it into the copy principle and turns it against substance and the self, where Locke had kept a 'something I know not what' behind qualities and grounded identity in consciousness and memory.
A Treatise of Human Nature + An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
Hume's own recasting of Book I: shorter, more elegant, without the analysis of space, external bodies or personal identity, but with new sections on miracles and providence. Reading both shows which arguments Hume chose to keep in public view.
A Treatise of Human Nature + The Passions of the Soul
Descartes explains emotions by animal spirits acting on the pineal gland and gives the soul power to master them; Hume's Book II keeps a mechanical style of explanation but drops the soul's sovereignty and makes reason the passions' servant.
A Treatise of Human Nature + Ethics
Spinoza also treats affects with geometrical detachment and denies free will, but hopes adequate ideas can free us from bondage to passion. Hume denies that ideas alone could ever have that power.
A Treatise of Human Nature + The Principles of Psychology
William James inherits Hume's introspective method and his doubts about a substantial soul, but replaces the bundle of discrete perceptions with a continuous 'stream of thought' and criticizes associationism for chopping experience into pieces.
A Treatise of Human Nature + Critique of Pure Reason
Kant accepts that causal necessity cannot be found in experience and responds by making causality a category the mind imposes, turning Hume's custom-based psychology into a theory of a priori conditions of experience.
A Treatise on Insanity + Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind
A Treatise on Insanity pairs with this work because Rush provides an American medical and asylum counterpart for early psychiatric classification.
A Treatise on Insanity + Description of the Retreat
A Treatise on Insanity pairs with this work because Tuke offers a Quaker institutional version of moral treatment and restraint reform.
A Treatise on Insanity + Mental Maladies
A Treatise on Insanity pairs with this work because Esquirol expands French alienism into hallucination, monomania, suicide, and institutional design.
A Treatise on Insanity + Hippocratic Writings
A Treatise on Insanity pairs with this work because Hippocratic medicine supplies an ancient medical backdrop for later claims about body, mind, and regimen.
A View from the Bridge + Death of a Salesman
Both Miller tragedies centre on a working man whose self-deception destroys him, with family members who see the truth he cannot face.
A View from the Bridge + Macbeth
A tragic hero driven by a desire he cannot fully own toward an act that his world condemns, with a sense of fate from the opening.
A View from the Bridge + Twelve Angry Men
Both mid-century American dramas set immigrant and working-class characters in confrontation with law and prejudice, though Rose's jury reasons its way to justice.
A View from the Bridge + The Underdogs
Mexican revolutionary fiction and Miller's Brooklyn both depict codes of honour and vengeance among men who live outside the protection of formal law.
A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys + Tanglewood Tales
Hawthorne's sequel continues the fiction of Eustace Bright as author but drops the Tanglewood interludes; together the two books cover twelve myths, from Perseus and Midas here to Theseus, Proserpina and Jason there.
A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys + The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children
Kingsley retold Perseus for his own children five years later in a far more solemn, Homeric style; comparing the two Perseus stories shows Hawthorne's comic Gray Women against Kingsley's reverent account of Athene's charge.
A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys + Metamorphoses
Ovid is the main ancient source for Midas and for Baucis and Philemon; Hawthorne invents Marygold and turns Ovid's brief tale of the old couple into a full story of village unkindness and divine welcome.
A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys + The Age of Fable
Bulfinch, writing four years later, tells the same myths compactly and closely after the ancient poets for adult readers, while Hawthorne expands and reshapes them for children; the two versions of Baucis and Philemon make a clear pair.
A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys + The Scarlet Letter
Hawthorne's adult masterpiece of the year before is preoccupied with sin and concealment; A Wonder-Book shows the same author writing in a sunny, playful voice, while still drawing moral lessons from his stories.
A Wrinkle in Time + The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
Both send siblings into another world where a child's betrayal or capture must be undone by self-giving love, and both carry Christian meaning inside a fantasy adventure, though Lewis builds an allegorical figure of Christ while L'Engle names Jesus directly.
A Wrinkle in Time + The Pilgrim's Progress
Meg's journey from world to world with guides who give gifts and warnings follows the pattern of Christian's pilgrimage, with Camazotz as a Vanity Fair of conformity.
A Wrinkle in Time + We
Zamyatin's One State, with its synchronized routines and citizens reduced to numbers, is an adult ancestor of Camazotz's rhythmic streets; both set love and individuality against total control.
A Wrinkle in Time + The Giver
Lowry's community, like Camazotz, buys comfort with sameness, and in both the child hero discovers love as what the system has removed.
A Wrinkle in Time + The Phantom Tollbooth
Published a year apart, both send a dissatisfied child through strange lands that make ideas visible; Milo learns curiosity, while Meg learns that love outranks knowledge.
Aaron v. SEC + Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder
Aaron carried Hochfelder's scienter rule from private damages suits into SEC injunction actions, with Blackmun dissenting in both cases.
Aaron v. SEC + SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.
Blackmun's partial dissent builds on the 1963 holding that the SEC need not prove intent to enjoin an investment adviser's undisclosed scalping, a point the Aaron majority confined to its own statute.
Aaron v. SEC + Chiarella v. United States
Decided earlier in the same term, Chiarella also read Section 10(b) through its common-law background, a method Blackmun accused the Aaron majority of applying unevenly.
Aaron v. SEC + United States v. O'Hagan
In 1997 the Court pointed to the scienter requirement affirmed in Aaron as a limit that kept the misappropriation theory from reaching innocent conduct.
Abington School District v. Schempp + Engel v. Vitale
Clark built directly on the 1962 prayer decision, and Stewart, its lone dissenter, again stood alone; Schempp extended Engel's rule from a state-written prayer to Scripture reading and the Lord's Prayer.
Abington School District v. Schempp + The Bible
The Scripture whose daily reading was at issue; Clark's opinion affirms that it is worthy of study for its literary and historic qualities.
Abington School District v. Schempp + Everson v. Board of Education
Clark relied on Everson's statement that the state must be neutral toward believers and non-believers, while Stewart drew on its reminder that the state need not be religion's adversary.
Abington School District v. Schempp + Lemon v. Kurtzman
Chief Justice Burger's 1971 test adopted Schempp's purpose and primary effect as its first two prongs and added excessive entanglement.
Abington School District v. Schempp + West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
Clark quoted the 1943 flag-salute decision on withdrawing certain subjects from political majorities, applying its reasoning about compelled exercises in school to religious devotions.
Across Five Aprils + The Red Badge of Courage
Crane shows the war from inside a Union regiment in battle; Hunt shows it from a farm in Illinois, where battles arrive only as letters and grief. Read together they give the front and the home front.
Across Five Aprils + Little Women
The March girls also live the Civil War through letters from an absent man and a journey to nurse him in Washington, as Jenny goes east to nurse Shad; both books are about families learning duty while the war is far away.
Across Five Aprils + House Divided Speech
Lincoln's 1858 warning that a house divided against itself cannot stand becomes literal in the Creighton household, where brothers fight on opposite sides.
Across Five Aprils + Second Inaugural Address
Lincoln's call for malice toward none and charity for all, delivered in March 1865, matches the mercy his letter shows Eb and the Creightons' refusal to stop loving Bill.
Across Five Aprils + Johnny Tremain
Both are award-winning historical novels in which a boy comes of age as a war begins around him; Johnny is in Boston at the start of the Revolution, Jethro on an Illinois farm through the Civil War.
Adam of the Road + The Door in the Wall
Another Newbery-winning story of a boy alone in medieval England, separated from his father; Robin must learn patience in a monastery while Adam learns it on the road.
Adam of the Road + The Canterbury Tales
Chaucer's pilgrims travel the roads of England about a century after Adam, telling the same kinds of romances and fabliaux a minstrel like Roger would carry.
Adam of the Road + The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood
Pyle's greenwood ballads are the sort of minstrel material Roger performs, and both books show medieval England as a world of open roads, fairs and outlaws.
Adam of the Road + The Black Arrow
Stevenson's Dick Shelton is another boy thrown alone onto English roads in a time of disorder, though in the fifteenth-century Wars of the Roses rather than Edward I's peace.
Adam of the Road + The Pilgrim's Progress
Bunyan's journey allegory and Gray's realistic road story share the shape of a traveller tested by companions good and bad, and Roger's saying that a road is holy echoes the pilgrim tradition.
Thoughts on Government and Selected Letters + The Federalist Papers
Adams shares Publius's fear of unchecked power but draws more explicitly on mixed-government traditions.
Thoughts on Government and Selected Letters + Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible
The Adams-Jefferson correspondence stages the founding as disagreement, rivalry, and late reconciliation.
Thoughts on Government and Selected Letters + The Founding Documents
Adams's constitutional advice belongs to the same institution-building moment as the founding documents.
Addington v. Texas + O'Connor v. Donaldson
Donaldson set the substantive limit that the harmless may not be confined; Addington supplied the procedural standard for proving that a person may be.
Addington v. Texas + Youngberg v. Romeo
Three years later the Court defined the rights of a person already committed, including safety and freedom from undue restraint.
Addington v. Texas + Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health
Chief Justice Rehnquist cited Addington's account of the clear-and-convincing standard in upholding Missouri's evidentiary rule for withdrawing life-sustaining treatment.
Addington v. Texas + Commentaries on the Laws of England
Blackstone's maxim that it is better for ten guilty persons to escape than one innocent suffer lies behind the criminal standard of proof that the Court declined to extend to civil commitment.
Addington v. Texas + A Treatise on Insanity
Pinel's careful clinical observation of the insane anticipates the difficulty of diagnosis and prediction that shaped the Court's choice of a middle standard.
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn + The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
The earlier book's treasure sets up Huck's situation, and the return of Tom in the final chapters sets Tom's book-learned romance against the hard knowledge Huck has gained on the river.
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn + Don Quixote
Tom explicitly cites Don Quixote in Chapter III, and his rescue of Jim, staged from adventure books, is a Quixotic enterprise seen through the eyes of a Sancho-like companion.
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Douglass's account of escaping slavery in Maryland gives the factual counterpart to Jim's flight, including the hunters, the rewards and the separation of families that Jim fears.
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn + 12 Years a Slave
Northup's narrative of being sold south to Louisiana describes the down-river fate Jim runs to escape when Miss Watson plans to sell him to New Orleans.
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn + The Odyssey
Both are voyages of episodes on water and shore, with liars, hosts and monsters at each landing; Huck, like Odysseus, survives by invented names and stories.
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn + To Kill a Mockingbird
Each novel is told by a child of the South whose sense of right is formed against the town's opinion, and each turns on a mob confronted by one person.
Aesop's Fables + Black Beauty
Both teach kindness and justice through animal lives, though Sewell uses a novel and Aesop the short fable.
Aesop's Fables + Characters
Theophrastus’s Characters sketches social types; Aesop’s animals likewise make vices visible in brief compass.
Aesop's Fables + Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)
The Grimms' household tales share the fable's talking animals and plain moral turns, but tell longer stories of trials, enchantments and rewards drawn from German oral tradition.
A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles + Galen: Selected Works
Al-Razi opens by collecting Galen's references to smallpox and builds his humoral explanation on Galen's account of the heat and moisture of children.
A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles + Hippocratic Writings
The Hippocratic Prognostic and Epidemics supply the method of judging outcome by signs and critical days that al-Razi applies in Chapter XIV.
A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles + The Canon of Medicine, Book I
Ibn Sina, writing a century later in the same Persian and Arabic tradition, systematized the humoral medicine that al-Razi practiced and, in later books of the Canon, discussed smallpox and measles.
A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles + The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire
Harper argues that the Antonine Plague of the second century, described by Galen, was probably smallpox; al-Razi's treatise is the next great written witness to the disease.
A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles + Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)
Pasteur and Lister replaced fermentation of the blood with living germs as the cause of infection; al-Razi's must-and-wine analogy shows the older model of fermentation that their work overturned.
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland + Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)
Both are Victorian or Edwardian dream-journeys of a girl into a land of childish logic, but Alice wakes and is imagined growing up with her heart unchanged, while Barrie's book dwells on the boy who will not grow up.
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland + On Fairy-Stories
Tolkien set the Alice books aside from true fairy-stories because their dream frame explains the marvels away; reading the essay alongside the book's final chapter sharpens the question of what a dream ending does.
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland + The Princess and the Goblin
George MacDonald, whose family read Carroll's manuscript and urged him to publish it, wrote fantasy for children with an openly Christian moral seriousness that contrasts with Carroll's playful nonsense.
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland + Gulliver's Travels
Gulliver among the Lilliputians and Brobdingnagians and Alice growing and shrinking both use changes of scale to make familiar manners look absurd, though Swift's satire is sharper and aimed at adults.
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland + The Phantom Tollbooth
Juster's Milo, like Alice, travels through a land built from puns and literal idioms, and both books turn wordplay into a lesson in thinking clearly.
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland + The Wind in the Willows
Another Oxford-rooted riverside fantasy with talking animals; Grahame's world is gentle and homely where Carroll's is argumentative and dreamlike.
All Quiet on the Western Front + The Red Badge of Courage
Crane's young soldier seeks to prove his courage and finds a kind of manhood in battle; Paul has courage enough but finds that the war has used up his life.
All Quiet on the Western Front + Testament of Youth
Vera Brittain's memoir gives the English, and the nurse's, side of the same war and the same loss of a generation, including the hospitals Paul lies in.
All Quiet on the Western Front + In Flanders Fields
McCrae's poem asks the living to take up the quarrel with the foe; Remarque's shell-hole scene asks how the foe could be an enemy at all.
All Quiet on the Western Front + The Iliad
Homer's warriors seek undying glory and Priam and Achilles weep together over the dead; Paul's war offers no glory, but his vigil over Duval echoes that moment of shared grief.
All Quiet on the Western Front + Henry V
Henry's band of brothers is promised remembrance on St. Crispin's Day; Remarque's brothers in arms die one by one and are forgotten in an army report.
All Quiet on the Western Front + A Farewell to Arms
Hemingway's novel, published the same year (1929), sets the war on the Italian front and the retreat from Caporetto, told by an American ambulance officer rather than a German infantryman.
Alone in Berlin + Chess
Zweig's prisoner survives Gestapo isolation through chess; Fallada's Dr Reichhardt plays chess in his cell and teaches Otto a similar inner freedom.
Alone in Berlin + We
Zamyatin imagines total surveillance as a utopia; Fallada documents the real thing, in which neighbours rather than glass walls do the watching.
Alone in Berlin + Testament of Youth
Both books are shaped by the death of a son or brother in war, but Brittain mourns in pacifist memoir while the Quangels turn grief into resistance.
Alone in Berlin + The Last Days of Socrates
Otto's calm acceptance of death after a show trial echoes Socrates' refusal to escape and his conviction that the unjust harm only themselves.
The Roman History + The Histories
Ammianus began his history at Nerva, where Tacitus's ended, and both write as senatorial or military insiders who close portraits with judgments on emperors; his self-description as truthful echoes Tacitus's claim to write without hatred or favour.
The Roman History + The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)
Gibbon's chapters on Julian and on the Gothic war are built from Ammianus, whom he praised as an accurate and faithful guide; reading the two together shows how an Enlightenment historian reshaped a Roman source.
The Roman History + The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians
Peter Heather's modern account of the Goths, the Huns and Adrianople uses Book XXXI as its central narrative source and tests it against archaeology.
The Roman History + History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)
Procopius, two centuries later, writes another soldier-official's account of Rome's wars with Persia, with a similar mix of campaign narrative and personal observation.
The Roman History + City of God
Augustine wrote City of God within a generation of Ammianus, answering pagan Romans who blamed Christianity for Rome's disasters; Ammianus shows the outlook of an educated traditionalist in the same world.
The Roman History + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Ammianus cites Thucydides on the Athenian plague in his own digression on pestilence at Amida, placing himself in the line of Greek historians who wrote what they had suffered.
Amos Fortune, Free Man + Up from Slavery
Booker T. Washington's own life story, like Amos Fortune's, joins freedom with skilled work, thrift and Christian faith, and ends with a man building institutions for others.
Amos Fortune, Free Man + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Frederick Douglass tells in his own words what Yates imagines for Amos: learning to read, the inner resolve to be free, and the cost of liberty; Douglass writes with far sharper protest.
Amos Fortune, Free Man + 12 Years a Slave
Solomon Northup was born free and sold into slavery; Amos was born free in Africa and enslaved in New England. Both books trace endurance and faith under bondage.
Amos Fortune, Free Man + Uncle Tom's Cabin
Stowe's Tom and Yates's Amos are both enslaved Christian men marked by patience, forgiveness and charity toward others.
Amos Fortune, Free Man + Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack
Both portray eighteenth-century New England tradesmen who rise by industry and thrift and leave legacies for public good, from very different starting points.
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding + A Treatise of Human Nature
The Treatise's Book I is the longer original; the Enquiry trims its theory of space, external objects and the self, softens the confessional despair, and adds the explosive argument against miracles.
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding + Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
Section XI's speech for Epicurus is a sketch of the critique of the design argument that Hume developed at full length, and with more voices, in the posthumous Dialogues.
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding + Critique of Pure Reason
Kant took up Hume's question how we can know necessary connexion and answered that causality is an a priori category, rescuing synthetic necessity that Hume had traced to custom.
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding + Novum Organum
Bacon's call to build knowledge by careful induction from particulars is exactly what Hume shows cannot be justified by reason, even as he endorses experimental reasoning as the only path to matters of fact.
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding + Meditations on First Philosophy
Section XII names Descartes's universal doubt as an 'antecedent' scepticism that, if possible, would be incurable; Hume's alternative begins inside experience and never expects a foundation of certainty.
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding + The Varieties of Religious Experience
James studies religious experience as psychological data, including healing and conversion, where Hume weighs reports of the miraculous only as testimony to be discounted.
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding + A Treatise of Human Nature
Hume adopts Locke's derivation of ideas from experience but drops Locke's distinction of primary and secondary qualities, his unknown substance and his consciousness-based person, and turns association from a source of error into the main engine of thought.
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding + Meditations on First Philosophy
Descartes grounds knowledge in innate ideas and the certainty of the thinking self; Locke's Book I attacks innatism, and his chapter on substance treats the thinking thing as no clearer than matter.
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding + Second Treatise of Government
Published the same winter, the Second Treatise relies on the moral claims Locke here says are knowable by reason, and his forensic concept of a person underlies its account of property and consent.
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding + Leviathan
Hobbes also derives thought from sense and describes trains of imagination, but he is a thoroughgoing materialist; Locke leaves open whether God might give matter the power of thought.
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding + The Principles of Psychology
James's chapters on association, habit and the self engage the tradition Locke's final chapter started, while rejecting the picture of ideas as separate units that mechanically link.
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding + Novum Organum
Bacon's idols of the mind, especially those of the cave and marketplace, anticipate Locke's analysis of personal associations and the abuse of words as sources of error.
Fairy Tales (Selection) + Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)
The Grimms present gathered folk tales with swift reward and punishment; Andersen, who knew such tales, creates his own literary fairy tales with a personal narrator, satire and lingering sorrow. The Grimms' Six Swans and Andersen's Wild Swans tell the same story of a silent sister in two styles.
Fairy Tales (Selection) + Christ Legends
Selma Lagerlöf, another Scandinavian storyteller, writes Christian legends with the same blend of tenderness, wonder and childlike faith that closes The Snow Queen and The Little Match Girl.
Fairy Tales (Selection) + Aesop's Fables
Andersen's talking ducks, hens and fir trees carry morals as Aesop's animals do, but Andersen gives them inner lives and lets the reader draw the lesson.
Fairy Tales (Selection) + A Christmas Carol
Published within two years of The Little Match Girl, Dickens's story also uses a winter holiday and a poor child to awaken compassion, though Dickens ends with a rescue and Andersen with heavenly consolation.
Fairy Tales (Selection) + The Princess and the Goblin
George MacDonald, who admired fairy tales as vehicles of Christian truth, writes of a child's faith and a hidden spiritual world much as Andersen does in The Snow Queen.
Fairy Tales (Selection) + On Fairy-Stories
Tolkien's essay on fairy stories discusses the place of sorrow and joy in the genre and the eucatastrophe, the sudden joyous turn that Andersen's Snow Queen embodies when Gerda's tears melt Kay's heart.
Animal Farm + Gulliver's Travels
Swift's horse-ruled land of the Houyhnhnms in Book IV and Orwell's farm both use animals to judge human politics, though Swift's horses are rational ideals and Orwell's pigs are men in disguise.
Animal Farm + Aesop's Fables
Orwell called his book a fairy story and borrowed the fable's plain style and talking beasts, but where Aesop gives a moral in a line, Orwell builds a whole political history.
Animal Farm + The Republic
Plato's guardians, set apart to rule for the good of all and told a noble lie, are the ideal the pigs claim to fulfil when Squealer says they keep the milk and apples only to serve the other animals.
Animal Farm + One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
Solzhenitsyn shows from inside a labour camp the Soviet system that Orwell satirized from outside, and his Ivan Shukhov shares Boxer's dignity in hard work.
Animal Farm + The Screwtape Letters
Lewis's demon and Orwell's Squealer are both masters of persuasion who corrupt by redefining words and blurring memory, written within three years of each other in wartime England.
Animal Farm + Fahrenheit 451
Both books show rulers erasing the record so the ruled cannot compare the present with the past; Bradbury's firemen burn books, Orwell's pigs repaint the barn wall.
The Alexiad + Chronographia
Psellos, whom Anna quotes and admired, wrote the previous century's imperial history in a vivid personal voice; the Alexiad continues that tradition of the historian as a participant at court.
The Alexiad + Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople
A century later the Fourth Crusade captured the city whose defense Anna describes; Villehardouin gives a Western knight's account of the Byzantine-Latin encounter from the other side.
The Alexiad + The New Roman Empire: A History of Byzantium
Kaldellis's modern history of Byzantium treats Alexios's restoration and the Komnenian age and relies on the Alexiad as a principal source.
The Alexiad + Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire
Herrin's thematic history has a chapter on Anna Komnene and places her among learned Byzantine women and the culture of the court.
The Alexiad + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Anna models her preface, speeches and claims of accuracy on Thucydides, whose Attic Greek was the standard Byzantine historians imitated.
The Alexiad + Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh
Usama, a Syrian emir of the same century, gives a Muslim nobleman's view of the Franks who settled in the Levant after the First Crusade; set beside Anna's Byzantine view, the two show how the Crusaders appeared to their neighbors.
Anne of Green Gables + Little Women
Jo March and Anne are both bookish, impulsive heroines who learn to govern temper and finally choose duty and home over ambition.
Anne of Green Gables + The Secret Garden
Both orphan stories bring a child to a new home where nature and affection heal; Anne is joyful from the start where Mary must learn joy.
Anne of Green Gables + Heidi
Heidi and Anne each bring delight to a reserved elder and are formed by a beloved landscape.
Anne of Green Gables + David Copperfield
Dickens's orphan also suffers unkind households before finding a home; Montgomery's tone is gentler and comic.
Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes + The Koran
The Qur'an is the scripture whose revelation and community Ansary's narrative begins with; reading the text alongside the history shows what the early community believed it was building.
Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes + The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In
Kennedy's scholarly account of the seventh- and eighth-century conquests expands the early chapters of Ansary's survey with fuller evidence.
Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes + When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty
Kennedy's history of the Abbasid court treats in depth the Baghdad golden age that Ansary presents as a high point of the Muslim narrative.
Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes + The Muqaddimah
Ibn Khaldun, writing after the Mongol catastrophe, offered a Muslim theory of the rise and fall of dynasties that stands behind many later Muslim readings of history.
Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes + Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh
Usama's memoir gives a twelfth-century Muslim nobleman's firsthand view of the Crusaders, illustrating the perspective Ansary describes in his chapters on that period.
Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes + Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)
Al-Ghazali's spiritual autobiography is a primary source for the meeting of law, philosophy and Sufism that Ansary sketches in the classical age.
The Library (Bibliotheca) + Metamorphoses
Ovid tells many of the same myths, Io, Perseus, Cadmus, Daedalus, with poetic transformation as the thread; Apollodorus gives the bare stories in genealogical order with sources named.
The Library (Bibliotheca) + The Iliad
The Epitome summarizes the whole Trojan War in a few pages, placing the episode of Achilles's wrath that Homer expands into an epic within the full cycle from Paris's judgment to the sack.
The Library (Bibliotheca) + The Argonautica
Apollonius's epic of the Argo and the Library's prose account in Book I cover the same voyage; comparing them shows how a poet elaborates and a mythographer compresses.
The Library (Bibliotheca) + The Theban Plays
Book III gives the whole Theban saga, from Cadmus to the Epigoni, in which Sophocles's Oedipus and Antigone are single episodes.
The Library (Bibliotheca) + Hippocratic Writings
The Library's legends of Melampus, first to cure by drugs and purifications, and of Asclepius the healer show the mythical prehistory that the Hippocratic physicians claimed and also set aside.
The Library (Bibliotheca) + The Age of Fable
Bulfinch retells many of the same myths for nineteenth-century readers, drawing largely on Ovid, whereas the Library is an ancient Greek compendium that reports its sources.
Apologia Pro Vita Sua + Confessions
Newman cites Augustine's tolle, lege and his judgement on the Donatists as turning points; both books trace a mind's movement into the Catholic Church, though Newman writes about opinions and Augustine about the whole heart before God.
Apologia Pro Vita Sua + Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners
Bunyan's spiritual autobiography records an evangelical conversion through terrors and texts; Newman, converted at fifteen under Calvinist books, describes the same experience and then moves away from that tradition by reasoning about the Church.
Apologia Pro Vita Sua + Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life
C. S. Lewis, an Oxford don of the next century, also wrote a history of his mind's conversion; he came to the Church of England and stayed there, which makes his book a natural Anglican counterpart to Newman's.
Apologia Pro Vita Sua + The Early Christian Creeds
Newman's first book was on the Arians of the fourth century, and the Nicene and Chalcedonian definitions that he studied lie at the heart of Parts IV and V.
Apologia Pro Vita Sua + Institutes of the Christian Religion
Newman says his first religious books were all of the school of Calvin and that he held the doctrine of final perseverance until twenty-one; Calvin's Institutes sets out the Reformed teaching he later left.
The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics) + Elements, Book I
Euclid shows the synthetic style of Greek proof, from definitions and postulates to demonstrated propositions, that Archimedes followed in his published works; The Method lets readers see the exploratory reasoning that such finished proofs do not record.
The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics) + Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)
Galileo admired Archimedes and, like him, joined mathematics with the study of weights, balances and motion; reading the two together shows how Archimedean mechanics informed the new physics of the seventeenth century.
The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics) + Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans
Plutarch's Life of Marcellus describes Archimedes' war machines at Syracuse, his reported contempt for practical arts and his death; The Method, which uses mechanics to serve geometry, adds nuance to that portrait.
The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics) + Posterior Analytics and Physics
Aristotle's account of demonstrative science requires proof from first principles; Archimedes accepts that standard for proof while openly defending a separate, non-demonstrative path of discovery.
The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics) + Discourse on Method
Descartes also wrote about method and wished that ancient geometers had revealed how they found their results; The Method is one ancient answer to his complaint.
The Origins of Totalitarianism + The Road to Serfdom
Hayek in 1944 traced totalitarianism to central economic planning; Arendt, seven years later, traces it to antisemitism, overseas expansion, the decay of the nation-state and the rise of atomized masses, and treats economics as secondary.
The Origins of Totalitarianism + The Gulag Archipelago
Solzhenitsyn's literary investigation of the Soviet camps gives from the inside much of what Arendt analyzes from outside in ch. 12: arrests of whole categories of people and camps as the center of the regime.
The Origins of Totalitarianism + Leviathan
Arendt devotes part of ch. 5 to Hobbes, reading his account of power and the commonwealth as the philosophy of a bourgeoisie that wanted the state to accumulate power without limit.
The Origins of Totalitarianism + Heart of Darkness
Arendt reads Conrad's novella in ch. 7 as a portrait of the men who went to Africa in the age of expansion and of what became of law and conscience there.
The Origins of Totalitarianism + Man's Search for Meaning
Frankl's account of the inner freedom some prisoners kept in the camps offers a witness's answer to Arendt's analysis of camps designed to destroy spontaneity and individuality.
The Origins of Totalitarianism + City of God
Arendt, who wrote her dissertation on Augustine, ends the book with his teaching in City of God that man was created so that a beginning might be made.
Areopagitica + Paradise Lost
The epic's account of Adam's fall, reason as freedom to choose, and God's refusal to make obedience automatic grows from the same theology Milton sketches in Areopagitica's passage on knowing good by evil.
Areopagitica + On Liberty
Mill's second chapter on liberty of thought argues, like Milton, that truth needs collision with error to stay alive, but bases the case on human fallibility and utility rather than on the unfinished Reformation.
Areopagitica + A Letter Concerning Toleration
Locke, writing in 1689, also argues for toleration among Protestants while setting limits for those whose allegiance he thought belonged to a foreign power, a boundary close to Milton's own.
Areopagitica + The Faerie Queene, Book I
Milton's praise of Spenser points to Book II, where Guyon passes through the cave of Mammon and the Bower of Bliss; the library's Book I shows the Redcrosse Knight likewise learning holiness through trial and error.
Areopagitica + The Republic
Plato would have the rulers of his city supervise the poets; Milton answers that Plato's ideal laws were never practised even in Athens and cannot serve as a pattern for a Christian commonwealth.
The Argonautica + Medea and Other Plays
Euripides' Medea, staged in 431 BC, shows Jason abandoning Medea in Corinth; Apollonius tells the earlier story of how she came to love and save him.
The Argonautica + The Odyssey
Apollonius reworks Homeric episodes: the Sirens, the Wandering Rocks, Circe and the Phaeacians all reappear on the Argonauts' homeward route.
The Argonautica + The Aeneid
Virgil models Dido's love and sleepless nights in Book IV on Medea in Argonautica III, including the divine plotting that sets the love in motion.
The Argonautica + The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles
Padraic Colum's 1921 retelling for young readers follows the same voyage and frames it with tales told by Orpheus and the other heroes.
The Argonautica + The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children
Charles Kingsley's Victorian retelling of the Argonauts gives children a gentler Jason and compresses the Colchian episodes Apollonius dwells on.
The Argonautica + The Library (Bibliotheca)
The Library's summary of the Argonaut myth in Book I preserves variants, such as Medea scattering Apsyrtus' limbs, that Apollonius replaces with his ambush.
Poetics + The Theban Plays
Oedipus the King is Aristotle's model tragedy: its messenger scene joins reversal and recognition, and its hero falls by hamartia.
Poetics + The Oresteia
Aeschylus' trilogy shows the older form Aristotle describes, with a large chorus, few actors and the recognition of Orestes by Electra, which the Poetics discusses.
Poetics + The Iliad
Aristotle praises Homer for building the Iliad around one action rather than the whole Trojan War, and uses Homeric epic to define the epic form.
Poetics + The Republic
Plato's critique of poetry as imitation that inflames the passions is the challenge the Poetics answers with its account of mimesis and catharsis.
Poetics + Medea and Other Plays
Aristotle cites Medea's escape in the dragon chariot as an example of the deus ex machina he wants poets to avoid.
Posterior Analytics and Physics + De Anima
On the Soul applies the Physics' framework of matter, form and actuality to living things, and its account of perception and intellect fills in how the senses and nous of Posterior Analytics II.19 work.
Posterior Analytics and Physics + The Nicomachean Ethics
Book VI of the Ethics names scientific knowledge (episteme) and intuition (nous) among the intellectual virtues, summarizing the Posterior Analytics, and contrasts them with practical wisdom about what can be otherwise.
Posterior Analytics and Physics + Politics
The Politics opens with the Physics' teleological method, arguing that the city exists by nature because it is the end toward which household and village develop.
Posterior Analytics and Physics + Elements, Book I
Euclid's definitions, postulates and common notions realize the ideal of demonstrative science that Aristotle describes, deriving theorems from first principles.
Posterior Analytics and Physics + Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)
Galileo's new science of motion argues against the Aristotelian account of falling bodies and natural place while sharing Aristotle's aim of necessary demonstration.
Posterior Analytics and Physics + Summa Theologica
Aquinas's first way (Part I, q. 2, a. 3) adapts the argument from motion to a first unmoved mover found in Physics VII–VIII.
Around the World in Eighty Days + Robinson Crusoe
Solo ordeal versus timed global race.
Around the World in Eighty Days + Treasure Island
Adventure motion and loyal companions.
The Articles of Confederation + The Founding Documents
The Constitution answers the Articles point by point: a separate executive and judiciary, taxing and commerce powers for Congress, representation by population in the House, and amendment by three-fourths of the states.
The Articles of Confederation + The Federalist Papers
Federalist Nos. 15-22 catalogue the defects of the Confederation, such as legislation for states rather than individuals and the lack of a power to tax.
The Articles of Confederation + The Anti-Federalist Papers
Anti-Federalist writers defended the Articles' principle that the states keep their sovereignty and warned that a consolidated government would endanger liberty.
The Articles of Confederation + The Mayflower Compact
Both documents bind separate parties by written agreement into a common political body; the compact joins individual men, the Articles join sovereign states.
The Articles of Confederation + Magna Carta
Both limit a central authority through written terms and joint consent; Magna Carta checks a king, the Articles deliberately avoid creating any executive.
The Articles of Confederation + Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention
Madison's Notes of Debates record the 1787 Convention's arguments over the Articles' one-state-one-vote rule and its weak revenue system.
As We May Think + Notes on Menabrea's Sketch of the Analytical Engine
Lovelace imagines symbolic engines beyond arithmetic; Bush imagines personal information machinery beyond filing and indexing.
As We May Think + A Mathematical Theory of Communication
Shannon measures information abstractly, while Bush asks how a working scholar might navigate information meaningfully.
As We May Think + An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Locke's account of association and ideas offers an early philosophical background for Bush's claim that memory works by links.
As We May Think + Cybernetics
Wiener emphasizes feedback in action; Bush emphasizes associative retrieval in memory and intellectual work.
As You Like It + Twelfth Night
Both comedies have a heroine in boy's disguise who wins the man she loves and draws the love of another woman by mistake; Viola suffers her disguise, while Rosalind uses hers to direct the action.
As You Like It + Much Ado About Nothing
Written in the same years, both plays turn on witty lovers; Beatrice and Benedick fence with each other, while Rosalind fences with Orlando from behind a mask.
As You Like It + A Midsummer Night's Dream
Lovers flee court into a forest where confusion leads to marriages; the Athenian wood is ruled by fairies, Arden by human wit and chance.
As You Like It + King Lear
Both plays send a wronged ruler and his loyal followers out into the weather; Duke Senior finds counsel in the winter wind, Lear finds madness in the storm.
As You Like It + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Robert Burton's treatise (1621) catalogues the kinds of melancholy that Jaques lists in Act 4, Scene 1, from the scholar's to the lover's.
As You Like It + The Faerie Queene, Book I
Spenser's Book I, published nine years earlier, also sends its characters through a forest where they meet false friends and true hermits; Spenser allegorizes the pastoral, Shakespeare laughs with it.
Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc. + Diamond v. Chakrabarty
The 1980 ruling that a bacterium engineered to digest crude oil could be patented supplied the measure Thomas used: Chakrabarty's organism had markedly different characteristics from anything in nature, while Myriad's isolated genes did not.
Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc. + On the Origin of Species
Darwin described inheritance and variation without knowing their mechanism; Myriad shows a century and a half later how knowledge of hereditary material became property worth litigating over.
Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc. + Novum Organum
Bacon pictured science as interpreting nature and bending its works to human use, a frame for the Court's line between discovering what nature has made and making something new from it.
Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc. + Buck v. Bell
Both cases bring heredity before the Court: in 1927 a state's claims about inherited traits justified compulsory sterilization, while in 2013 the question was who may own knowledge of particular genes.
Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc. + Hippocratic Writings
The Hippocratic tradition treated medical knowledge as something physicians share with students and patients, a backdrop for the challengers' argument that patents on genes limited what doctors could test and tell.
The Athenian Constitution + Politics
Aristotle's Politics theorizes the forms of constitution and the mixed regime; The Athenian Constitution supplies the detailed case history, and the Politics discusses Solon in Book II.
The Athenian Constitution + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Thucydides narrates the war and the coup of the Four Hundred in 411; Parts 29–33 give a constitutional account of the same oligarchy, with documents Thucydides does not quote.
The Athenian Constitution + Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans
Plutarch's Lives of Solon, Themistocles, Aristides and Pericles cover the same men; Plutarch knew this treatise and sometimes follows it.
The Athenian Constitution + The Histories
Herodotus is a source for the tyranny of Pisistratus and the reforms of Cleisthenes, and his story of Solon and Croesus shows the lawgiver in legend.
The Athenian Constitution + The Histories, Book VI
Polybius's analysis of the cycle of constitutions and Rome's mixed government can be read against the eleven Athenian changes listed in Part 41.
Atlanta Exposition Address + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Douglass, who died months before Atlanta, rebuked the nation openly in 1852; Washington, his successor as the most prominent Black leader, chose conciliation and economic self-help before a Southern audience.
Atlanta Exposition Address + I Have a Dream
King's 1963 speech claims at once the full equality Washington set aside in 1895, and the two are often read as poles in the long American debate over civil rights.
Atlanta Exposition Address + Citizenship in a Republic ("The Man in the Arena")
Theodore Roosevelt, who invited Washington to dine at the White House in 1901, also prized the doer of hard, practical work over the critic, and both speeches praise effort as the root of civic worth.
Atlanta Exposition Address + 12 Years a Slave
Northup's account of slavery in Louisiana shows the conditions from which Washington measured thirty years of progress in quilts, pumpkins, and chickens.
Atlanta Exposition Address + The Souls of Black Folk
In Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others, Du Bois discusses this 1895 address, which he called the Atlanta Compromise, and sets out his own case for the right to vote, civic equality and higher education.
Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie + Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack
Both are self-made men's life stories built on early work, reading and maxims; Franklin's founding of a subscription library in Philadelphia and Carnegie's debt to Colonel Anderson's library are close parallels.
Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie + Up from Slavery
Washington names Carnegie among the Northern donors who helped Tuskegee; both men teach thrift, thoroughness and self-help, and both write as builders of institutions.
Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie + Twenty Years at Hull-House
Jane Addams worked among industrial laborers in Chicago in the same decades and wrote about strikes and the poor from the side of the settlement house, offering a contrasting view of the industrial city.
Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie + Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography
Roosevelt, a contemporary whom Carnegie knew, writes of the same age of trusts and big business from the side of government regulation.
Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie + The Wealth of Nations
Smith's pin factory and division of labor and Carnegie's specialized steel works, with his rule of concentrating on one line of business, invite comparison on how wealth is produced.
The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini + Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)
Vasari, Cellini's Florentine contemporary at Cosimo's court, writes the lives of artists from outside and briefly includes Cellini; reading them together sets an artist's self-portrait beside the period's great collective biography of artists.
The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini + The Prince
Machiavelli wrote for the Medici in the Florence of Cellini's boyhood; Cellini's popes, dukes and cardinals rule by the favour, fear and fortune that The Prince analyses.
The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini + Confessions
Augustine and Cellini both tell their lives as a story of God's providence, but Augustine confesses his sins, while Cellini, even in his prison conversion, more often defends his conduct.
The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini + Confessions
Both are self-portraits by men convinced of their uniqueness and wronged by enemies; Rousseau analyses his feelings, Cellini narrates deeds.
The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini + Essays
Montaigne, writing two decades after Cellini, also makes himself his subject, but as a meditative essayist testing his opinions rather than a craftsman recording his triumphs.
The Canon of Medicine, Book I + Galen: Selected Works
Ibn Sina takes Galen's faculties, temperaments and humours as his framework, but corrects Galen with Aristotle on points such as the seat of the faculties and on the role of the female seed.
The Canon of Medicine, Book I + Hippocratic Writings
The Canon's treatment of airs, seasons and localities, and its rules for purging and emesis, cite and systematize Hippocratic teaching.
The Canon of Medicine, Book I + A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles
Al-Razi's clinical monograph shows close bedside description of one disease; Ibn Sina's Book I shows the opposite strength, a systematic theory of all medicine.
The Canon of Medicine, Book I + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Burton cites Avicenna repeatedly, and his account of the passions, the non-natural causes and the regimen of melancholy rests on the framework Book I sets out.
The Canon of Medicine, Book I + Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)
Al-Ghazali accepted the physicians' sciences while attacking parts of the philosophers' metaphysics, Ibn Sina's above all; reading the two shows how Avicenna's medicine and his philosophy were received differently.
The Canon of Medicine, Book I + On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)
Harvey's circulation overturned the Galenic physiology of blood made in the liver and ebbing through the veins that the Canon teaches in Part 1.
Baker v. Carr + The Federalist Papers
Frankfurter's neither the purse nor the sword echoes Hamilton's Federalist No. 78, and Madison's Federalist No. 54 and No. 57 discuss representation in proportion to population.
Baker v. Carr + The Founding Documents
The Guaranty Clause of Article IV and the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause are the two provisions Brennan weighs; the Constitution's own census and House apportionment rules supply a contrasting federal model.
Baker v. Carr + Marbury v. Madison
Brennan's claim that the Court is the ultimate interpreter of the Constitution, deciding which questions belong to other branches, builds on Marshall's argument that the judiciary must say what the law is.
Baker v. Carr + Democracy in America
Tocqueville describes American townships and state legislatures as the school of self-government, the local bodies whose composition was at stake in Baker.
Baker v. Carr + The Anti-Federalist Papers
Anti-Federalist writers worried that large districts would give the people too few representatives; the Tennessee voters complained of districts grown wildly unequal over sixty years.
Baker v. Carr + Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Both Warren Court decisions brought the Equal Protection Clause to bear on state institutions, one on schools in 1954 and the other on legislative districts in 1962.
Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot) + King Lear
Both turn on a father who gives his fortune to daughters who then shut him out; Lear has Cordelia, while Goriot has no faithful child, only a student who nurses him.
Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot) + Crime and Punishment
Rastignac and Bianchon's talk about killing an old mandarin for a fortune anticipates Raskolnikov's theory; Dostoevsky admired Balzac and translated his Eugénie Grandet.
Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot) + Great Expectations
Pip and Rastignac are young men educated in money and rank, and in each a convict (Magwitch, Vautrin) offers a hidden path to fortune.
Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot) + Les Misérables
Vautrin and Jean Valjean are both escaped convicts living under false names, but Hugo's convict is redeemed by mercy while Balzac's remains a genius of the underworld.
Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot) + Faust, Part One
Vautrin plays a Mephistophelean tempter to an ambitious young man, offering a bargain whose price is another's life.
Barron v. Baltimore + The Founding Documents
Set the Fifth Amendment's takings clause beside Article I, Sections 9 and 10, the very texts Marshall compares to decide which government the amendment restrains.
Barron v. Baltimore + The Anti-Federalist Papers
Writers such as Brutus demanded a bill of rights against the proposed national government, the historical fear Marshall cites to show the amendments were aimed at federal power.
Barron v. Baltimore + The Federalist Papers
In Federalist No. 84 Hamilton argued that a bill of rights against a government of enumerated powers was unnecessary, a debate whose outcome Barron interprets.
Barron v. Baltimore + Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention
Madison proposed in 1789 an amendment forbidding states to violate the rights of conscience, press and jury trial; the Senate rejected it, a fact often cited in support of Barron's reading.
Barron v. Baltimore + Gitlow v. New York
Gitlow assumed that free speech and press are protected against the states by the Fourteenth Amendment, an early step in applying Bill of Rights guarantees that Barron had confined to Congress.
Barron v. Baltimore + Slaughter-House Cases
Forty years after Barron, the Court read the new Privileges or Immunities Clause narrowly, leaving Barron's division between state and national rights largely in place.
Basic Inc. v. Levinson + TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.
Basic carried the TSC definition of materiality from proxy statements into Rule 10b-5 and extended it to uncertain future events.
Basic Inc. v. Levinson + Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder
Hochfelder fixed scienter as an element of Rule 10b-5 damages claims; Basic addressed two others, materiality and reliance.
Basic Inc. v. Levinson + United States v. O'Hagan
O'Hagan profited from advance knowledge of a tender offer, the same kind of pending deal whose materiality Basic analyzed.
Basic Inc. v. Levinson + The Wealth of Nations
Smith's account of prices emerging from many dispersed exchanges is an early form of the idea, central to the fraud-on-the-market theory, that market prices carry information.
The Law + Second Treatise of Government
Locke also holds that life, liberty and property precede civil government and that its end is their preservation; Bastiat compresses the argument and turns it against the redistributive proposals of 1848.
The Law + The Social Contract
Rousseau's chapter on the Legislator, who must be capable of changing human nature, is one of the passages Bastiat quotes as the model of the lawgiver who treats the people as clay.
The Law + The Spirit of the Laws
Bastiat quotes Montesquieu's admiration for legislators such as Lycurgus and Penn who formed their peoples' manners, a passage from Book IV on education in republics.
The Law + The Communist Manifesto
Published in 1848 in the same revolutionary moment, Marx and Engels argue that law and the state are instruments of the ruling class, a claim that meets Bastiat's account of legal plunder from the opposite direction.
The Law + Freedom and the Law
Bruno Leoni's 1961 lectures share Bastiat's suspicion of legislation as a tool of sectional interests, and propose discovered, judge-made law in its place.
The Law + The Wealth of Nations
Smith's attack on the mercantile system and its bounties and protections is the source of many of Bastiat's examples of legal plunder in trade.
Because I could not stop for Death + Holy Sonnet X: "Death, be not proud"
Donne confronts Death with argument and scorn, while Dickinson rides beside him as a polite companion; both end by looking past death to eternity.
Because I could not stop for Death + Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
Gray meditates over many humble graves at evening; Dickinson's single grave, a house that is a swelling of the ground, is seen by its own occupant.
Because I could not stop for Death + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Tolstoy's dying judge is consumed by terror until the last moment, a sharp contrast with Dickinson's unhurried, composed passage from life.
Because I could not stop for Death + The Complete Poems
Dickinson's contemporary Whitman also writes calmly of death as part of a journey, but in long free-verse lines rather than her compact hymn quatrains.
Because I could not stop for Death + Poems: First, Second and Third Series
The poem was first printed in the 1890 Poems under the editors' title The Chariot; the library's three-series volume sets it among Dickinson's other poems on death, immortality and nature, in Todd and Higginson's regularized punctuation.
Waiting for Godot + No Exit and Three Other Plays
Sartre's three characters trapped in a room and Beckett's pair stuck by a tree both make a stage of confinement; Sartre's dialogue argues ideas, while Beckett's empties speech of argument.
Waiting for Godot + The Plague
Camus answers the absurd with solidarity and work against suffering; Beckett's friends offer each other little more than presence, yet do finally help the fallen Pozzo.
Waiting for Godot + The Trial
Kafka's Josef K. and Beckett's tramps are both bound by obligations to an authority they never meet and cannot understand.
Waiting for Godot + The Waste Land
Eliot's arid landscape, broken speech and waiting for rain anticipate Beckett's road, tree and fragmented monologue.
Waiting for Godot + Pensees
Pascal's account of diversion as a flight from our condition reads like a commentary on Vladimir and Estragon's games to pass the time.
Ecclesiastical History of the English People + The History of the Church
Bede took the title and method of ecclesiastical history from Eusebius, whose work he knew in Rufinus's Latin, quoting documents and tracing succession of bishops; Eusebius tells of the Church in the Roman Empire, Bede of its coming to a single people.
Ecclesiastical History of the English People + Cædmon's Hymn
Bede's chapter on Caedmon (IV.24) is the source of the hymn, which he gives only in a Latin paraphrase; the library's record of the Old English poem preserved in manuscript margins shows what the cowherd's song sounded like.
Ecclesiastical History of the English People + St. Patrick's Writings
Patrick's Confession records the conversion of Ireland from which the monks of Iona and Lindisfarne came; Bede, curiously, does not mention Patrick, though he praises the Irish missionaries.
Ecclesiastical History of the English People + Early Christian Lives
The lives of Antony, Martin, Columba and Benedict collected there set the patterns of holiness, ascetic retreat, travel on foot and miracles, that Bede follows in his portraits of Aidan, Cuthbert and Hilda.
Ecclesiastical History of the English People + Two Lives of Charlemagne
Einhard wrote of Charlemagne about a century after Bede, and Alcuin of York, heir to Bede's school, taught at Charlemagne's court; together they show the Northumbrian learning Bede represents passing to the Frankish world.
Ecclesiastical History of the English People + Beowulf
Beowulf's mead-hall with its fire, feast and harp is the same world as Edwin's hall in the sparrow parable and the feast Caedmon leaves; the poem and the History are both products of a newly Christian English culture.
Bedtime for Frances + Owl at Home
In Lobel's story of the Strange Bumps, Owl is frightened by shapes under his blanket that are really his own feet; both books turn a child's night fear into gentle comedy.
Bedtime for Frances + Little Bear
In Minarik's Little Bear's Wish, Little Bear cannot sleep until Mother Bear tells him a story; both show a small animal child secure in a loving family at bedtime.
Bedtime for Frances + Stuart Little
Garth Williams illustrated both books, and his skill at making small animals look real and also childlike shapes the feeling of each.
Bedtime for Frances + Little House in the Big Woods
Williams also drew the 1953 pictures for Wilder's book, where Laura feels safe in bed while Pa plays the fiddle; both books make a child's bedroom a place of safety watched over by parents.
Bedtime for Frances + Frog and Toad Are Friends
Toad's fussing and Frances's delays are both small-scale comedies of a stubborn character gently handled by someone who loves them.
Beowulf + The Iliad
Beowulf can be compared with the-iliad to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Beowulf + The Aeneid
Beowulf can be compared with the-aeneid to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Beowulf + The Poetic Edda
The Eddic poems preserve the Norse gods and heroes whose world Beowulf's Danes and Geats share, including the Volsung legend and the end of the gods; Beowulf's poet alludes to Sigemund the dragon-slayer.
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge + An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Locke is Berkeley's main interlocutor: the Introduction attacks Locke's abstract general ideas, and Part I turns Locke's primary and secondary qualities against the existence of matter.
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge + A Treatise of Human Nature
Hume adopts Berkeley's account of general ideas and his critique of material substance, but applies the same reasoning to the self and to causation, reaching a sceptical result Berkeley meant to prevent.
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge + Meditations on First Philosophy
Descartes doubts the senses and then restores the material world by appeal to God's veracity; Berkeley keeps the senses and God but drops matter as an unneeded middle term.
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge + Critique of Pure Reason
Kant's Refutation of Idealism names Berkeley's position and sets his own transcendental idealism against it, holding that inner experience depends on outer objects in space.
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge + The Life of Samuel Johnson
Boswell's account of Johnson kicking a stone after a conversation about Berkeley is the most famous common-sense reply to immaterialism, and is useful for asking whether it touches Berkeley's actual claim.
An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine + Hippocratic Writings
Bernard honours Hippocratic observation and prognosis but argues that medicine must pass from observing the course of disease to experimental knowledge of its mechanism.
An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine + Galen: Selected Works
Galen also tied off the ureters of living animals to settle a question of function; Bernard turns such vivisection into a general method and defends it at length.
An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine + On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)
Harvey's quantitative argument and animal experiments are an earlier model of the reasoning from idea to experiment to counterproof that Bernard codifies.
An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine + Novum Organum
Bernard adopts Bacon's image of investigation as hunting but faults Baconian induction for neglecting the guiding role of the hypothesis.
An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine + A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction
Mill's methods of difference and agreement, published in 1843, parallel Bernard's insistence on comparative experiment and counterproof.
An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine + Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)
Pasteur, Bernard's contemporary and friend, applied the same experimental rigour to fermentation and infection, carrying laboratory medicine into the clinic.
Beyond Good and Evil + Thus Spoke Zarathustra
Zarathustra proclaims the overman and eternal recurrence in parable; Beyond Good and Evil translates the same programme into critical prose, which Nietzsche said said the same things differently.
Beyond Good and Evil + The Birth of Tragedy
The early book still speaks in Schopenhauer's and Wagner's terms; the late return of Dionysus in Part Nine shows how far Nietzsche had moved from both while keeping his first god.
Beyond Good and Evil + The World as Will and Representation
Nietzsche takes Schopenhauer's will and inverts its valuation: instead of denial of the will and pity, he affirms will to power and attacks the morality of compassion.
Beyond Good and Evil + Civilization and Its Discontents
Freud's account of instinctual renunciation and guilt continues Nietzsche's claim that morality turns drives inward; both diagnose civilized morality as a source of suffering.
Beyond Good and Evil + Meditations on First Philosophy
Section 16–17 directly attack the cogito: where Descartes finds the indubitable 'I think', Nietzsche finds a grammatical habit that invents a thinker behind thoughts.
Beyond Good and Evil + The Varieties of Religious Experience
James and Nietzsche both study saints and conversions psychologically, but James judges religion by its fruits for life, while Nietzsche reads asceticism as hostility to life.
Beyond Good and Evil + Essays and Aphorisms
Schopenhauer's essays taught Nietzsche the aphoristic form and the psychology of vanity and honour that he turns, in Part Four, into sharper and less consoling maxims.
Billy Budd and Other Stories + Lord Jim
Both turn on a maritime crisis and a trial; Conrad's Jim fails a test of courage, while Billy's innocence is condemned by the logic of naval discipline.
Billy Budd and Other Stories + The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket
Poe's mutiny and race-haunted voyage is a precursor to Benito Cereno's slave-ship deception.
Billy Budd and Other Stories + 12 Years a Slave
Northup's narrative documents the slavery whose violence Benito Cereno conceals beneath a staged scene of mastery and servitude.
Billy Budd and Other Stories + Heart of Darkness
Delano's misreading of the San Dominick anticipates Marlow's uncertain witnessing of imperial violence.
Billy Budd and Other Stories + The New York Trilogy
Auster's isolated, withdrawing New Yorkers descend from Bartleby, and the trilogy invokes Melville directly.
Billy Budd and Other Stories + The Last Days of Socrates
Billy, like Socrates, accepts an unjust verdict without resentment, and both stories ask whether law must be obeyed when it errs.
Black Beauty + Gulliver's Travels
Swift's rational horses, the Houyhnhnms, judge humans as brutes; Sewell's horse narrator likewise exposes human cruelty, though with sympathy rather than misanthropy.
Black Beauty + The Secret Garden
Both children's classics link care, fresh air and kindness to recovery from illness.
Black Beauty + A Christmas Carol
Both are reforming Victorian books that use a single emotional story to argue for compassion toward the vulnerable and working poor.
Black Beauty + 12 Years a Slave
Both narrate the experience of being bought and sold among good and cruel owners; readers can discuss the limits and uses of the comparison.
Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad + The Iliad
Sutcliff follows Homer closely for Chapters 3-13, from the quarrel to the ransom of Hector, keeping scenes like Hector and Astyanax and Priam's night visit while compressing the catalogues, the long battle books and most speeches.
Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad + The Trojan War
Olivia Coolidge's 1952 retelling covers the same cycle from the wedding of Peleus to the sack of Troy; comparing the two shows how different authors choose and order the non-Homeric episodes.
Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad + The Odyssey
Odysseus's tricks in Sutcliff's later chapters, the night raid and the wooden horse, lead straight into his voyage home, which Sutcliff retold in The Wanderings of Odysseus.
Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad + The Aeneid
Virgil's Book II gives the Trojan side of the wooden horse, Sinon and Laocoon, and the burning city; Sutcliff's last two chapters draw on the same tradition from the Greek side.
Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad + The Eagle of the Ninth
Sutcliff's best-known novel shares this book's interest in honour, loyalty between comrades and the recovery of a lost emblem, set in Roman Britain rather than Bronze Age Troy.
Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad + Tanglewood Tales
Hawthorne's 1853 retellings of Greek myth for children make a useful contrast in tone: his are playful and moralised, while Sutcliff keeps the grief and violence of the heroic world.
Bleak House + Oliver Twist
Jo the crossing-sweeper is a later, darker version of the workhouse orphan: where Oliver is rescued by a benefactor and an inheritance, Jo dies with no one able to claim him.
Bleak House + Great Expectations
Richard Carstone's hopes of the Chancery suit and Pip's hopes of a mysterious fortune both corrode a young man's sense of duty; Esther and Joe Gargery stand as the faithful foils.
Bleak House + Hard Times
Written the year after Bleak House, Hard Times turns from the lawcourts to the factory town and its schools, but keeps the same quarrel with systems that forget the persons they govern.
Bleak House + The Moonstone
Inspector Bucket and Collins's Sergeant Cuff are two founding detectives of English fiction, both drawn from the new Detective police of the 1840s and 1850s.
Bleak House + Middlemarch
Two great Victorian panoramas with a doctor at the moral center, Woodcourt and Lydgate, and with a buried past (Lady Dedlock's, Bulstrode's) that a lawyer or a blackmailer brings to light.
Bliss and Other Stories + Mrs. Dalloway
Woolf, who printed Prelude at the Hogarth Press, builds her novel like Bliss around a hostess, a single day and a party, rendering the heroine's moods through free indirect style.
Bliss and Other Stories + The Waves
Woolf's experiment in childhood memory and interior voices shares Prelude's attention to how children perceive a house, a garden and their elders.
Bliss and Other Stories + Daisy Miller
Like The Little Governess, James's novella sends an unchaperoned young woman abroad, where her innocence is misread and her trust ends badly.
Bliss and Other Stories + The Portrait of a Lady
James's Isabel Archer, like Bertha Young, discovers too late the hidden understanding between her husband and a woman she admired.
Body and Mind + The Descent of Man
Body and Mind pairs with this work because Darwin extends evolutionary thinking to human mind, morals, sex, and heredity.
Body and Mind + The Principles of Psychology
Body and Mind pairs with this work because William James offers a philosophical psychology of mind, habit, attention, and experience.
Body and Mind + Mental Pathology and Therapeutics
Body and Mind pairs with this work because Griesinger presses psychiatry toward brain disease and medical therapeutics.
Body and Mind + Civilization and Its Discontents
Body and Mind pairs with this work because Freud later converts clinical conflict into a theory of culture, guilt, and instinct.
The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch) + The Bible
1 Enoch expands Genesis 5:21–24 and 6:1–4, shares the throne-vision and Son of Man imagery of Daniel 7, and is quoted in Jude 14–15; reading them together shows how a Second Temple author interpreted and filled out brief biblical passages.
The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch) + City of God
In Book XV Augustine discusses the sons of God, the giants and the writings attributed to Enoch, explaining why the Church did not receive them as canonical while allowing that Enoch wrote something divine.
The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch) + Paradise Lost
Both portray a rebellion of angels and its consequences on earth; Milton wrote before the full Ethiopic text reached Europe, so the parallels in fallen angels teaching forbidden arts are best treated as a shared tradition rather than direct borrowing.
The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch) + Jewish Antiquities
Josephus retells the union of angels and women from Genesis 6 in Book I, giving a first-century Jewish historian's brief, restrained version of the story 1 Enoch tells at length.
The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch) + Early Christian Writings: The Apostolic Fathers
The Epistle of Barnabas among the Apostolic Fathers cites Enoch, a witness to how the book circulated among early Christians.
The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch) + The Divine Comedy
Enoch's guided journey past the prisons of the fallen, the waiting places of the dead and the mountain of God is an early form of the otherworld tour that Dante perfected.
The Life of Samuel Johnson + Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans
Plutarch's claim that a jest or a small action can reveal character better than battles is the classical warrant for Boswell's attention to table talk, gestures and domestic habits.
The Life of Samuel Johnson + The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson
Izaak Walton's seventeenth-century lives of Hooker, Herbert and Sanderson are earlier English biographies of devout men by an admiring friend; Boswell differs in reporting talk at length and in letting faults appear.
The Life of Samuel Johnson + Confessions
Boswell visited Rousseau in 1764, and Johnson calls Rousseau a bad man in the Life; Rousseau tells his own life from within, while Boswell builds a life from outside through witnesses and recorded speech.
The Life of Samuel Johnson + The Pilgrim's Progress
In 1773 Johnson praises Bunyan's allegory for invention and the approval of mankind, and compares its opening with Dante's; the Christian pilgrimage toward death that Bunyan allegorizes is the concern of Johnson's own last chapters.
The Life of Samuel Johnson + Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack
Franklin and Johnson were contemporaries who rose as printers' and booksellers' sons by the pen; Franklin narrates his own self-improvement, while Johnson's moral rules emerge from Boswell's record of his talk.
The Life of Samuel Johnson + The Anatomy of Melancholy
In the complete Life Johnson calls Burton's Anatomy the only book that ever took him out of bed earlier than he wished (the passage is omitted from Osgood's abridgment); his own 1776 advice to divert rather than combat distressing thoughts continues Burton's practical counsel.
Botchan + Sanshirō
Sōseki's two young men move in opposite directions: Botchan leaves Tokyo for a provincial school and returns in disgust, while Sanshirō leaves Kyushu for Tokyo Imperial University and is bewildered by the capital.
Botchan + Kokoro
Kokoro's Sensei is as inward and guilt-burdened as Botchan is outspoken; read together they show the range of Sōseki's treatment of honesty and betrayal, from comedy to tragedy.
Botchan + The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Both are comic, episodic books with a mischievous hero, a doting old woman (Aunt Polly, Kiyo) and pranks played out in a small town.
Botchan + Don Quixote
Like Don Quixote, Botchan holds a code the world around him has quietly abandoned, and the comedy turns on whether the reader laughs at him or with him.
Botchan + Great Expectations
Both first-person narrators look back on youthful pride, and both measure themselves at last against the humble love of someone they undervalued, Joe Gargery and Kiyo.
The Sceptical Chymist + Elements of Chemistry
Boyle doubts that fire analysis reveals true elements; Lavoisier, over a century later, defines an element operationally as a substance not yet decomposed and builds a new chemical nomenclature, the clarity of terms that Boyle had demanded.
The Sceptical Chymist + Novum Organum
Bacon's call to clear away idols of the mind and to build knowledge from many careful experiments shaped the Royal Society; Boyle's critique of fire analysis is a practical example of that programme.
The Sceptical Chymist + On the Nature of the Universe
Lucretius explains all things by atoms of different shapes moving in the void; Boyle's First Part revives a particle account of matter while placing it within a Christian view of creation.
The Sceptical Chymist + Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)
Galileo's Dialogue also sets an Aristotelian against a reformer before an open-minded third speaker; both authors use the dialogue form to argue against the schools while keeping the courtesy of conversation.
The Sceptical Chymist + Posterior Analytics and Physics
Themistius defends the Aristotelian elements and qualities whose foundations are laid in the Physics; reading the two shows what Boyle was arguing against.
The Sceptical Chymist + The Chemical History of a Candle
Themistius reads the four elements in burning wood; Faraday, two centuries later, uses a burning candle to teach the chemistry of combustion, water and carbon dioxide to young listeners.
Mother Courage and Her Children + The Trojan Women and Other Plays
Hecuba and Courage are mothers who lose their children to war; Euripides shows the defeated women's grief, Brecht a mother who trades with the armies that destroy her family.
Mother Courage and Her Children + Henry V
Shakespeare's king gives war glory and brotherhood; Brecht's recruiting officer and commander use similar language to lure and praise Eilif, and the play turns that rhetoric against itself.
Mother Courage and Her Children + All Quiet on the Western Front
Both works, written between the world wars, show ordinary people ground down by a war whose great causes they never see.
Mother Courage and Her Children + War and Peace
Tolstoy questions the generals' control of events from above; Brecht looks at war from the supply wagon, where great battles are matters of prices and stock.
Mother Courage and Her Children + The Red Badge of Courage
Crane's young soldier and Courage's son Eilif both seek proof of bravery, and both works ask what courage in war really is.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka + Plessy v. Ferguson
Brown rejects any language in Plessy contrary to its finding on the effects of segregation; Harlan's lone Plessy dissent anticipated much of its reasoning.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka + Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail
King's 1963 letter cites the 1954 decision as an example of just law and answers critics who urged waiting for gradual compliance.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka + The Founding Documents
The Declaration's statement that all men are created equal was invoked by the plaintiffs, though the opinion itself rests on the Fourteenth Amendment adopted in 1868.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka + Up from Slavery
Booker T. Washington's account of building Tuskegee under segregation shows the earlier strategy of developing separate institutions that the Brown litigation set aside.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka + To Kill a Mockingbird
Harper Lee's novel, set in a segregated Alabama town of the 1930s and published in 1960, portrays the social order the decision began to dismantle.
Buck v. Bell + Jacobson v. Massachusetts
Holmes rests his holding on this 1905 vaccination case, extending its account of the police power from an epidemic measure to a permanent operation.
Buck v. Bell + On the Origin of Species
Darwin's theory of natural selection was adapted by his cousin Francis Galton into the eugenic program reflected in the Virginia statute's preamble, a use Darwin himself did not propose.
Buck v. Bell + The Descent of Man
Darwin's discussion of how civilized societies care for the weak was quoted by eugenicists, though Darwin also called such sympathy the noblest part of human nature.
Buck v. Bell + Griswold v. Connecticut
Thirty-eight years later the Court protected decisions about having children against state intrusion, a contrast with the deference Holmes showed Virginia.
Buck v. Bell + Lochner v. New York
Holmes's dissent in Lochner urged deference to legislative majorities, the same restraint that led him to uphold Virginia's statute in 1927.
The Age of Fable + Metamorphoses
Most of Bulfinch's early chapters (Phaeton, Baucis and Philemon, Pyramus and Thisbe, Ceyx and Halcyone, Erisichthon, the plague of Aegina) are close prose condensations of Ovid's poem, with the more erotic passages softened or removed.
The Age of Fable + The Golden Ass
Bulfinch's chapter on Cupid and Psyche retells the tale embedded in Apuleius's Latin novel, but where Apuleius frames it as an old woman's story told to a captive bride, Bulfinch adds an allegory of the soul.
The Age of Fable + The Library (Bibliotheca)
Apollodorus is the ancient equivalent of Bulfinch: a prose handbook compiled for readers who needed the whole mythology in order, though it is more complete and genealogical and less literary.
The Age of Fable + The Aeneid
Chapters XXXI-XXXIII summarise Aeneas's wanderings, his descent to the underworld with the Sibyl and the war with Turnus, giving younger readers a map of Virgil's epic before they read it.
The Age of Fable + A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys
Hawthorne's 1851 children's retellings of Midas, Pandora, Perseus and Baucis and Philemon appeared four years before Bulfinch and freely reshape the myths; Bulfinch stays closer to Ovid and writes for adult general readers.
The Age of Fable + The Prose Edda
Bulfinch's chapters on Thor's visit to Jotunheim and the death of Baldur are popular retellings of episodes Snorri tells in Gylfaginning.
Legends of Charlemagne + The Song of Roland
The Old French epic tells the death of Roland at Roncevaux with stark grandeur; Bulfinch's Roncesvalles chapter follows Pulci's much later Italian version, keeping the horn, the traitor and the unbroken sword but adding Rinaldo and Turpin's arrival.
Legends of Charlemagne + Two Lives of Charlemagne
Einhard's life gives the historical emperor and the brief notice of the Roncesvalles ambush that the romances later inflated; Notker's anecdotes show the legend already beginning within a century of his death.
Legends of Charlemagne + Le Morte d'Arthur
Malory's Arthurian cycle is the English counterpart of the Charlemagne cycle: a king surrounded by champions, quests, enchantresses (Morgan in both) and a final betrayal; Bulfinch's own Age of Chivalry retells the Arthurian matter.
Legends of Charlemagne + The Faerie Queene, Book I
Spenser modelled his allegorical romance on Ariosto's Orlando Furioso; the enchantress Alcina's island, retold here, is a source for Acrasia's Bower of Bliss, and Bradamante is a model for Spenser's knight Britomart.
Legends of Charlemagne + Don Quixote
Cervantes's hero has read the romances of Orlando and Rinaldo and deliberately imitates Orlando's madness in the Sierra Morena; this book supplies the stories he is copying.
Legends of Charlemagne + The Age of Fable
Bulfinch's first volume does for Greek and Roman myth what this book does for medieval romance; the preface notes that Alcina reworks Circe and the Siren of Orlando reworks the Siren of Ulysses.
The Burke-Paine Debate on the French Revolution + Reflections on the Revolution in France
Burke's side of the debate in full, with the passages on inheritance, the queen at Versailles, prejudice, the church, and the partnership of generations that Paine attacked.
The Burke-Paine Debate on the French Revolution + Common Sense, Rights of Man, The Age of Reason, and The American Crisis
Paine's side in full: Rights of Man Parts I and II, together with Common Sense, whose arguments against hereditary monarchy Paine carried from America to Britain.
The Burke-Paine Debate on the French Revolution + Second Treatise of Government
Locke's account of consent and the dissolution of government stands behind both Price's reading of 1688 and Paine's argument, while Burke reads 1688 as a conservative restoration.
The Burke-Paine Debate on the French Revolution + The Social Contract
Rousseau's general will and his claim that the people may change any law were part of the French intellectual background Burke distrusted and Paine's argument partly shared.
The Burke-Paine Debate on the French Revolution + A Tale of Two Cities
Dickens's novel of 1859 retells the fall of the Bastille and the Terror, the events Paine narrated hopefully and Burke foresaw with dread.
BUtterfield 8 + On the Road
Both portray drinking, restlessness and sexual freedom in American cities, but O'Hara's world is one of fixed social hierarchies while Kerouac's characters flee them.
BUtterfield 8 + The Portable Dorothy Parker
Parker's stories of the same New York speakeasy era share O'Hara's sharp eye for drink, loneliness and the predicaments of women.
BUtterfield 8 + Passing
Both late-1920s/early-1930s New York novels end with a young woman's fatal fall whose cause remains disputed, and both explore social masks.
BUtterfield 8 + Daisy Miller
Both follow a young American woman whose freedom with men scandalises her society and ends in her death.
Cædmon's Hymn + The Dream of the Rood
Both are early Old English religious poems that come through a dream; Cædmon receives a song about creation, while the Rood's dreamer hears the cross tell of the Passion.
Cædmon's Hymn + Psalm 23
Both praise God under the image of a lord who provides a dwelling, the Shepherd's house in the Psalm and the earth built as a home for man in the hymn.
Cædmon's Hymn + Beowulf
In Heorot a court singer performs a song of the Almighty making the earth, a scene close to Cædmon's subject, set within the hall culture of harp and feast that Cædmon fled.
Cædmon's Hymn + The Bible
The hymn's second half follows the order of Genesis 1, and Bede says Cædmon went on to versify Genesis, Exodus and the Gospel story.
A Disquisition on Government + The Federalist Papers
Madison in Federalist 10 and 51 also fears majority faction, but trusts an extended republic and separated powers to check it; Calhoun argues that these devices cannot hold the numerical majority in check without a negative for each interest.
A Disquisition on Government + Second Reply to Hayne
In 1830 Webster answered the nullification doctrine that Calhoun, then presiding over the Senate as Vice President, had framed; his Union of the people stands against Calhoun's compact of interests.
A Disquisition on Government + Speeches on the Compromise of 1850
Calhoun's last Senate speech of March 1850, read for him while he sat dying, applies the Disquisition's reasoning to the sectional crisis and asks for a constitutional guarantee for the South.
A Disquisition on Government + The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Jefferson and Madison's resolutions of 1798–1799 on the right of states to judge federal acts were the precedent Calhoun claimed for interposition and nullification.
A Disquisition on Government + Democracy in America
Tocqueville's chapter on the tyranny of the majority raises the same worry about an all-powerful majority but looks to associations, local liberty, the courts and religion for remedies rather than a sectional veto.
A Disquisition on Government + The Republic and The Laws
Both writers treat the Roman tribunate as the plebeians' check on the senate; Cicero in Laws III defends it as a safety valve, and Calhoun makes it his chief ancient example of the concurrent majority.
Institutes of the Christian Religion + Selected Sermons
The Institutes sets out Calvin's doctrine in system; the sermons on Timothy and Titus show the same teaching on election, Scripture and church order applied week by week to a Genevan congregation.
Institutes of the Christian Religion + The Bondage of the Will (De Servo Arbitrio)
Luther's 1525 reply to Erasmus anticipates Book II's case that the fallen will is enslaved to sin; Calvin cites the same Augustinian sources but sets the argument inside a larger system of covenant and providence.
Institutes of the Christian Religion + On Free Will (De Libero Arbitrio)
Erasmus's defence of a limited free will is the position Book II, chapters 2-5 argues against, and reading him shows the humanist case for human cooperation with grace that the Reformed position answers.
Institutes of the Christian Religion + City of God
Augustine is Calvin's most cited authority; his two cities lie behind the Institutes' distinction between Christ's spiritual kingdom and civil government.
Institutes of the Christian Religion + Summa Theologica
Aquinas's Summa is the great medieval systematic theology; comparing its treatment of grace, merit and the sacraments with Calvin's shows where Catholic and Reformed doctrine part ways and where both draw on Augustine.
Institutes of the Christian Religion + The Pilgrim's Progress
Bunyan's allegory dramatises the Reformed teaching of the Institutes on conviction of sin, justification by faith, assurance and perseverance, as Christian loses his burden at the cross.
Selected Sermons + Selected Sermons and Reformation Treatises
Luther's preaching often erupts from conscience and controversy; Calvin's more regular exposition turns reform into durable order.
Selected Sermons + The Social Contract
Rousseau and Calvin are very different Genevan figures, but both make moral formation a public problem of community and discipline.
Selected Sermons + Lectures on Revivals of Religion
Finney emphasizes revival measures and conversion technique, whereas Calvin emphasizes ordinary exposition and divine sovereignty.
The Fall + Notes from Underground
Clamence descends from the Underground Man: both speak to an implied audience, anticipate its objections, and expose their own vanity with a mixture of humility and attack.
The Fall + The Stranger
Meursault is condemned for refusing to perform remorse; Clamence turns endless remorse into a performance, so the two novels approach judgment from opposite sides.
The Fall + The Plague
Rieux answers the cries of the sick night after night; Clamence's failure to answer one cry makes him a counterimage of the doctor.
The Fall + The Divine Comedy
Clamence compares Amsterdam's concentric canals to Dante's circles of hell and places himself, as a betrayer of others, near its center.
The Fall + The Scarlet Letter
Dimmesdale hides his guilt behind a reputation for holiness and confesses only at the end; Clamence confesses constantly but in a way designed to keep his power over others.
The Fall + Confessions
Augustine confesses to God in order to praise him and to be healed; Clamence confesses to a stranger in order to judge him, making the two books a contrast in the purposes of confession.
The Plague + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Thucydides's account of the plague at Athens in 430 BC, with its collapse of custom and burial, is the classical model for literary descriptions of epidemics; Rieux recalls Athens among the historic plagues.
The Plague + Robinson Crusoe
Camus took the novel's epigraph from Defoe, the author also of A Journal of the Plague Year, and shares his sober chronicle manner in describing a city under plague.
The Plague + A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People During the Late Awful Calamity in Philadelphia
The Philadelphia account of the 1793 epidemic, with its volunteers, nurses and disputes over flight, gives a historical counterpart to Oran's sanitary squads.
The Plague + The Brothers Karamazov
Ivan Karamazov's refusal of a world in which children suffer is the question Paneloux faces at the bedside of Othon's son; Camus wrote about Ivan in The Rebel.
The Plague + The Stranger
Meursault's lonely absurd and his rejection of the chaplain give way in The Plague to solidarity and a respectful portrait of a priest who works among the dying.
The Plague + Sts. Roch and Sebastian: Plague Saints
The saints invoked by Christians against plague offer a devotional response to epidemic that Paneloux's sermons echo and that Tarrou's saint without God answers.
The Stranger + The Plague
The Plague moves from Meursault's solitary absurd to Rieux's solidarity in revolt against suffering; both books are set in Algerian coastal cities.
The Stranger + The Fall
Meursault refuses to perform remorse he does not feel, while Clamence performs endless confession; together they show Camus's lifelong interest in judgment.
The Stranger + The Trial
Josef K. never learns his charge, while Meursault knows his act but is judged for his character; Camus wrote an essay on hope and the absurd in Kafka's work.
The Stranger + Crime and Punishment
Raskolnikov's killing ends in repentance, the Gospel and Sonia's love; Meursault's ends in a refusal of the chaplain and a peace found in the indifference of the world.
The Stranger + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Tolstoy's judge, facing death, discovers that his correct life was false and finds light in compassion; Meursault, facing death, affirms the life he had and rejects consolation.
The Stranger + Notes from Underground
Both narrators stand outside the conventions of their societies; the Underground Man rages and analyzes himself, while Meursault barely reflects until the end.
Candide: Or Optimism + Gulliver's Travels
Both are satirical voyages in which a credulous narrator encounters absurd societies and a utopia (El Dorado, the Houyhnhnms); Swift ends in misanthropy, Voltaire in the garden.
Candide: Or Optimism + Persian Letters
Montesquieu's earlier satire also uses outsiders' eyes to expose French customs and religion.
Candide: Or Optimism + Don Quixote
Both feature an idealistic hero whose book-learned view of the world is repeatedly battered by reality.
Candide: Or Optimism + 12 Years a Slave
The mutilated enslaved man of Surinam is one of the 18th century's most famous literary indictments of slavery; Northup provides the first-hand testimony.
Candide: Or Optimism + Meditations
Both ask how to live when the world's order is opaque; the Stoic acceptance of Marcus Aurelius can be compared with Pangloss's parody of acceptance.
Cannery Row + Of Mice and Men
Both portray marginal working men in Depression California; Of Mice and Men's Lennie and Cannery Row's Frankie show Steinbeck's concern for the intellectually disabled and their fate.
Cannery Row + East of Eden
Steinbeck's Salinas Valley epic is grand and moral where Cannery Row is loose and comic, but both centre on wise observers (Samuel Hamilton, Lee; Doc).
Cannery Row + On the Road
Mack and the boys anticipate Kerouac's idealised drifters who reject work and conventional ambition.
Cannery Row + White Nights
Doc, like Dostoevsky's Dreamer, is a solitary figure whose generosity masks loneliness.
Caps for Sale + Make Way for Ducklings
Both picture books from the early 1940s use a simple journey, a repeated pattern, and animals in a human world; McCloskey's ducklings obey and cross safely, while Slobodkina's monkeys disobey and cause comic trouble.
Caps for Sale + Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel
Another hardworking man with one precious possession faces a problem that seems hopeless, and the solution comes from an unexpected direction in a story built on repetition.
Caps for Sale + Just So Stories
Kipling also retells animal folk tales with refrains meant to be read aloud, and both books come from the long tradition of oral storytelling about clever and foolish creatures.
Caps for Sale + The Tale of Peter Rabbit
Both tiny books use a single misadventure, clear pictures, and a return to order, and both turn on a loss of clothing, Peter's jacket and shoes and the peddler's caps.
Captains Courageous + Treasure Island
Both turn a boy into a man at sea, but Stevenson's adventure is greed and mutiny, while Kipling's is honest labor.
Captains Courageous + Billy Budd and Other Stories
Melville also writes about the moral world of a ship's crew, though his navy tale ends tragically.
Captains Courageous + Robinson Crusoe
Crusoe and Harvey both learn industry after reckless choices at sea; Harvey learns it among men rather than alone.
Carmilla + Dracula
Stoker's novel shares Carmilla's pattern of a vampire aristocrat from the Habsburg borderlands, a victim who weakens night by night, a learned expert who explains the lore, and an exhumation with stake and beheading; Stoker exchanges Le Fanu's single narrator for a collection of journals and letters.
Carmilla + The Vampyre
Polidori's 1819 tale created the aristocratic vampire in English fiction with Lord Ruthven; Le Fanu keeps the aristocrat but makes the vampire a young woman and moves the story into an intimate domestic setting.
Carmilla + Tales (Selection)
Poe's The Fall of the House of Usher, like Carmilla, joins an ancient decaying family, a wasting young woman and a living death in the tomb; both are told by a narrator drawn into the horror they describe.
Carmilla + Frankenstein
Both tales question whether science and reason can account for what happens to the body after death, and both end with the narrator unable to escape the memory of the creature.
Carmilla + The Woman in White
Collins's sensation novel, published a decade earlier, shares Carmilla's mysterious young woman in white, a confined heroine and a household that fails to see danger in its midst.
Carry On, Mr. Bowditch + Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack
Franklin and Bowditch were both apprenticed New England boys who educated themselves by borrowed books, early rising and method, and both turned their learning to practical use for ordinary people.
Carry On, Mr. Bowditch + Principia
Nat learns Latin to read Newton's Principia; the mechanics of the moon's motion worked out there lies behind the lunar tables he corrects and teaches.
Carry On, Mr. Bowditch + Johnny Tremain
Two apprentices in Revolutionary Massachusetts, one in a Boston silversmith's shop and one in a Salem chandlery, each forced to rebuild his hopes after a blow.
Carry On, Mr. Bowditch + Captains Courageous
Kipling's Harvey Cheyne learns seamanship under Disko Troop, who finds the fishing grounds by dead reckoning much as Captain Bowditch finds Salem harbor in the fog.
Carry On, Mr. Bowditch + Moby-Dick
Melville's Pequod sails from the same New England maritime world a generation later; Ahab smashes his quadrant in defiance, while Nat's whole life is devoted to trustworthy instruments and tables.
Centesimus Annus + The Communist Manifesto
Centesimus Annus can be compared with the-communist-manifesto to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Centesimus Annus + The Art of the Commonplace
Centesimus Annus can be compared with the-art-of-the-commonplace to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Ceremony + Testament of Youth
Both explore the aftermath of world war and survivor guilt, but Silko places healing in collective ceremony rather than personal testimony.
Ceremony + The Odyssey
Both are stories of a veteran's difficult homecoming in which the return requires trials, guidance and recognition.
Ceremony + The Iliad
Achilles' grief for Patroclus and Tayo's for Rocky both show how war bonds and losses shape a soldier's despair.
Ceremony + The Bhagavad Gita
Both are framed by a warrior's crisis and a teacher who places action within a larger cosmic order; Tayo's teaching ends in refusing violence.
Ceremony + Heart of Darkness
Silko inverts imperial narratives: the witchery story imagines white conquest as a product of evil, answering European myths of the 'savage'.
Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster + Ulysses
Tennyson's Ulysses resolves to sail beyond the sunset though death may come; Reagan's address honors explorers who accepted that risk and insists that the journey continues.
Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster + The Gettysburg Address
Both brief speeches honor the dead by asking the living to continue their work, though Lincoln's dead fell in battle and Reagan's in an accident of exploration.
Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster + O Captain! My Captain!
Whitman's elegy mourns a captain fallen just as his voyage succeeds; Reagan's mourns a crew lost at the start of theirs, and both set national grief in the language of a voyage.
Characters + Essays
Both works turn moral philosophy toward ordinary conduct, though Plutarch is more discursive and therapeutic.
Characters + Gulliver's Travels
Swift’s satire magnifies social types into entire peoples and institutions, while Theophrastus works by miniature.
Characters + The Satires of Horace and Persius
Roman satire inherits the pleasure of identifying recognizable vices in social performance.
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge + Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward
Dartmouth held in 1819 that a corporate charter is a contract protected from state impairment; Charles River Bridge accepts that premise but refuses to read implied promises into the contract.
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge + Fletcher v. Peck
Marshall's first Contract Clause decision protected a land grant against legislative repeal, the line of authority Webster and Story invoked for the bridge proprietors.
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge + Gibbons v. Ogden
Like the bridge dispute, Gibbons concerned a franchise over a route of travel, a New York steamboat monopoly that the Court set aside under federal commerce law.
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge + The Founding Documents
The Contract Clause of Article I, Section 10, forbidding any state law impairing the obligation of contracts, is the constitutional text on which the proprietors rested their case.
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge + Democracy in America
Tocqueville, writing in the same decade, described Americans' passion for public improvements and associations, the commercial setting in which this charter dispute arose.
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge + Commentaries on the Laws of England
Story's dissent argues directly with Blackstone's rules for construing grants of the king, quoting the Commentaries and contesting their application.
Charlotte's Web + The Wind in the Willows
Both are animal stories rooted in a beloved rural place and the passing seasons, in which friendship carries the plot and home is the final good.
Charlotte's Web + The Cricket in Times Square
Garth Williams illustrated both, and both build a friendship among small, unlikely creatures; Selden's city cricket returns to the country, while White's story never leaves the farm and fair.
Charlotte's Web + Little House in the Big Woods
Wilder's farm year and White's barn year both follow the seasons of rural chores, butchering time included, seen through a child's eyes; Garth Williams also illustrated the 1953 Little House editions.
Charlotte's Web + The Velveteen Rabbit
Both treat love as what makes a small creature truly valuable, and both let loss and change come before the happy ending.
Charlotte's Web + Aesop's Fables
Talking animals with distinct characters, such as the greedy rat and the wise spider, recall the fable tradition, though White's animals are rounder and his story is not reduced to a single moral.
Uncle Vanya + A Doll's House and Other Plays
Ibsen builds to a decisive confrontation and a door slammed; Chekhov's crisis, Vanya's missed shots, changes nothing, and everyone resumes the old life.
Uncle Vanya + Fathers and Sons
Turgenev's Bazarov and Chekhov's Astroff are both country doctors among the gentry, one a confident nihilist, the other a weary idealist planting forests.
Uncle Vanya + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Tolstoy's judge and Chekhov's Vanya both conclude in middle age that their lives went wrong; Tolstoy resolves the crisis in a vision at death, Chekhov leaves it in the account books.
Uncle Vanya + The Bible
Sonia's closing speech draws on the Christian hope of rest after labour and of God's compassion for the suffering.
Washington: A Life + Farewell Address and Selected Letters
Chernow narrates the drafting of the Farewell Address with Madison and Hamilton and quotes Washington's letters throughout; reading the primary documents beside the biography shows Washington's own voice behind Chernow's portrait.
Washington: A Life + The Newburgh Address
The Newburgh speech of March 1783, with Washington's pause to put on his spectacles, is one of Chernow's climactic scenes and the clearest example of his theme of power restrained.
Washington: A Life + John Adams
McCullough's life of Washington's vice president and successor is a companion modern biography of the founding era; the two books view the same first administration from different chairs.
Washington: A Life + The Federalist Papers
Hamilton and Madison, the chief authors of The Federalist, are central figures in Chernow's account of the Constitution's adoption and the first government Washington led.
Washington: A Life + Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans
Washington's generation read Plutarch's lives of statesmen and soldiers as models of public virtue, and his favourite play, Addison's Cato, dramatized the hero of Plutarch's Cato the Younger; Chernow's biography belongs to the same tradition of the life as moral portrait.
Washington: A Life + Personal Memoirs
Chernow later wrote a biography of Grant; Grant's own memoirs, like Washington's career, show a general who preferred plain speech and civilian authority.
Chess + Alone in Berlin
Both depict ordinary individuals crushed by the Gestapo, and both feature a prisoner who finds inner freedom through chess.
Chess + The Count of Monte Cristo
Dantès survives solitary confinement through the Abbé Faria's mental training; Dr B. survives through a stolen chess book, at greater psychic cost.
Chess + White Nights
Both explore a solitary mind turning inward until its fantasies become more real than the world.
Chess + The New York Trilogy
Auster's isolated watchers, confined in rooms, unravel through obsessive mental games, an echo of Dr B.'s self-divided chess.
Orthodoxy + Lepanto
Chesterton's ballad of 1911 gives poetic form to the Chapter VI paradox of a Christianity that is fierce as well as meek, as Don John of Austria rides to battle for a faith he loves.
Orthodoxy + The Innocence of Father Brown
In The Blue Cross Father Brown sees through Flambeau because the false priest attacked reason, which is bad theology; the stories put into fiction the argument of Chapter III that orthodoxy defends reason.
Orthodoxy + Apologia Pro Vita Sua
Chesterton's preface names Newman's Apologia as a model: both are forced to be autobiographical in order to explain belief, though Newman gives a detailed history of his opinions and Chesterton a playful sketch.
Orthodoxy + Mere Christianity
Lewis, who acknowledged Chesterton's influence, sets out the shared core of the creed in plain broadcast talks; Chesterton reaches the same creed by paradox and personal discovery.
Orthodoxy + Pensees
Pascal's balance of greatness and wretchedness in man anticipates Chesterton's Chapter VI, where Christianity is found to hold humility and human dignity together at full strength.
Orthodoxy + The Abolition of Man
Lewis's defence of objective value against reductive education and Chesterton's attack on the closed circle of materialism both argue that a reason cut off from wonder and tradition shrinks.
Chiarella v. United States + Dirks v. SEC
Three years later Powell extended Chiarella's relationship-based reasoning to tippees, holding that a recipient of inside information is liable only if the insider breached a duty for personal benefit.
Chiarella v. United States + United States v. O'Hagan
In 1997 the Court adopted the misappropriation theory that Chief Justice Burger had urged in his Chiarella dissent, reaching a lawyer who traded on his firm's client's confidential plans.
Chiarella v. United States + SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.
Capital Gains found a duty of disclosure in the fiduciary relationship between adviser and client; Chiarella held that no such relationship linked a printer to anonymous sellers in the market.
Chiarella v. United States + Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder
Blackmun's dissent cites the 1976 scienter decision as part of the course by which the Court was narrowing Section 10(b).
Chiarella v. United States + Summa Theologica
Aquinas, discussing a merchant who knows other sellers are on the way, held that silence about such future facts need not violate justice, an old treatment of the disclosure question at the heart of Chiarella.
Christ Legends + The Bible
The infancy narratives of Matthew 2 and Luke 2 (the shepherds, the Magi, the flight into Egypt, the boy in the Temple) and the Passion accounts are the scriptural ground that Lagerlöf's legends adorn and expand.
Christ Legends + The Golden Legend: Popular Saints
Jacobus de Voragine's medieval collection carries versions of traditions Lagerlöf retells, such as the sibyl's vision to the emperor and the Veronica image; comparing them shows how she turns brief legends into full stories.
Christ Legends + The Brothers Karamazov
Grushenka's fable of the onion, in which a selfish woman is nearly pulled from the lake of fire but kicks away the others clinging to her, is a close cousin of Our Lord and Saint Peter.
Christ Legends + A Christmas Carol
Like the shepherd in The Holy Night, Scrooge is a hard man whose eyes are opened by Christmas visions, though Dickens's story is set in Victorian London rather than Bethlehem.
Christ Legends + Fairy Tales (Selection)
Andersen, another Scandinavian, also gives voices to trees, birds and toys and closes several tales with Christian hope, as in The Fir Tree and The Little Match Girl.
First Oration Against Catiline + The Fall of the Roman Republic: Six Lives
Plutarch's Life of Cicero, one of the six lives in this volume, narrates the conspiracy, the senate meeting, and the December executions from the biographer's distance, and records the price Cicero later paid.
First Oration Against Catiline + Mark Antony's Funeral Oration ("Friends, Romans, countrymen")
Shakespeare's Antony works a Roman crowd by irony and pathos two decades after Cicero's speech; Cicero, by contrast, attacks a man to his face before the senate and relies on evidence and indignation.
First Oration Against Catiline + Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death
Patrick Henry, schooled in Ciceronian oratory, opens with rhetorical questions and ends with a decisive appeal, adapting the Roman pattern to a provincial convention facing a crisis.
First Oration Against Catiline + Pericles' Funeral Oration
Pericles praises the city to unite it in mourning, while Cicero defends the city against an enemy within; together they show the two great purposes of civic oratory, celebration and defense.
On Duties (De Officiis) + The Prince
Machiavelli answers Cicero directly: Cicero says fraud belongs to the fox and force to the lion and both are unworthy of man, while The Prince, ch. XVIII, tells the ruler to know how to be both; Cicero's preference for being loved over feared is reversed in ch. XVII.
On Duties (De Officiis) + The Nicomachean Ethics
Cicero's four virtues and his doctrine of seemliness rework Greek ethics; reading Aristotle's account of justice, magnanimity and liberality shows what the Roman adapts and what he takes from Stoicism instead.
On Duties (De Officiis) + The Republic and The Laws
Cicero's earlier dialogues set out the best constitution and natural law; On Duties applies those principles to the personal conduct of a citizen and statesman.
On Duties (De Officiis) + The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)
Grotius cites Cicero's rules on just war, good faith with enemies and the society of mankind as foundations of the law of nations.
On Duties (De Officiis) + Letters from a Stoic
Seneca's letters to Lucilius, written a century later, are another Roman adaptation of Stoic ethics in letter form, more inward and less political than Cicero's.
On Duties (De Officiis) + Meditations
Marcus Aurelius gives the Stoic teaching on duty from the emperor's private notebook, where Cicero gives it as a republican statesman's public counsel to his son.
The Republic and The Laws + First Oration Against Catiline
The consul of 63 BC defending the Republic by speech in the Senate is the statesman these later dialogues describe in theory; the Laws III maxim on the safety of the people is the principle Cicero had invoked against Catiline.
The Republic and The Laws + The Republic
Cicero takes Plato's title, dialogue form and closing vision of the afterlife, but sets his conversation in a real Roman garden, makes Rome's historical constitution the model, and replaces the Myth of Er with Scipio's dream.
The Republic and The Laws + The Histories, Book VI
Polybius, Scipio's companion, explained Rome's rise by its blend of consuls, senate and people and by the cycle of constitutions; Scipio's argument in Republic I and II follows that analysis closely.
The Republic and The Laws + Politics
Aristotle sorts constitutions into three good forms and three corrupt ones and praises a mixed polity; Cicero adopts the scheme but locates the best mixture in Rome's inherited institutions.
The Republic and The Laws + City of God
Augustine quotes Scipio's definition of a people bound by agreement about right and argues in Books II and XIX that, without true justice toward God, pagan Rome never met it.
The Republic and The Laws + On Duties (De Officiis)
Cicero's last philosophical work, addressed to his son, turns from the constitution of the state to the duties of the individual citizen, and like Laws I grounds them in nature and the fellowship of reason.
Citizenship in a Republic ("The Man in the Arena") + Pericles' Funeral Oration
Pericles says Athens counts the man who takes no part in public life as useless, a direct ancestor of Roosevelt's scorn for the citizen of whom all that can be said is that he is harmless.
Citizenship in a Republic ("The Man in the Arena") + Democracy in America
Tocqueville, a Frenchman, explained American democracy to Europe; seventy-five years later Roosevelt stood in Paris to tell the French what both republics required of their citizens, worrying like Tocqueville about materialism and the quality of the average man.
Citizenship in a Republic ("The Man in the Arena") + Farewell Address and Selected Letters
Washington warned that faction and party spirit could destroy the Union; Roosevelt warns that division along class lines has destroyed republics before.
Citizenship in a Republic ("The Man in the Arena") + If—
Kipling's poem, published the same year, lists the same manly virtues of trying, failing, and trying again without bitterness that Roosevelt praises in the man in the arena.
City of God + Confessions
Confessions narrates the divided individual soul; City of God expands divided love into world history.
City of God + The History of the Church
Eusebius sees providence in Christian imperial success; Augustine is more wary of identifying any empire with God’s city.
City of God + The Republic
Both imagine justice beyond ordinary politics, but Augustine rejects the possibility that a pagan city can achieve the highest good.
Civilization and Its Discontents + The Interpretation of Dreams
The dream book models the individual psyche through wish-fulfilment and censorship; the late essay applies the same structure of drive and repression to culture, now with the super-ego as censor and the death drive added.
Civilization and Its Discontents + Leviathan
Freud's homo homini lupus echoes Hobbes's war of all against all, but where Hobbes's sovereign ends the conflict, Freud's civilization only internalizes it as guilt.
Civilization and Its Discontents + Beyond Good and Evil
Nietzsche's idea that morality turns instincts inward and that the 'bad conscience' is internalized cruelty is the closest precursor to Freud's theory of the super-ego.
Civilization and Its Discontents + The Varieties of Religious Experience
James treats mystical oneness as a real datum of religious life; Freud's first chapter reduces Rolland's version of it to a residue of infantile ego-feeling.
Civilization and Its Discontents + The Social Contract
Rousseau also holds that social life deforms natural man, but he looks to a legitimate general will to restore freedom; Freud sees no political arrangement that removes the conflict between drive and culture.
Civilization and Its Discontents + The World as Will and Representation
Schopenhauer's will that can only be quieted by renunciation anticipates Freud's pessimism about drives, though Freud refuses Schopenhauer's ascetic remedy.
Civilization and Its Discontents + Man's Search for Meaning
Frankl's logotherapy sets a will to meaning above Freud's pleasure principle; Man's Search for Meaning tests that claim in the camps, where inner freedom outlasts the instinctual economy and guilt this essay traces.
Cold Comfort Farm + Northanger Abbey
Both are parodies of popular genres (rural doom, Gothic horror) in which a young heroine's common sense is tested against romantic expectations.
Cold Comfort Farm + Wuthering Heights
Mr Mybug's theory about Branwell Brontë and the farm's brooding passions point directly at the Brontë tradition Gibbons mocks.
Cold Comfort Farm + Excellent Women
Pym's Mildred and Gibbons's Flora are both sensible women managing other people's lives in comic English settings.
Cold Comfort Farm + Persuasion
Austen's Anne Elliot and Flora both see their families' follies clearly, though Austen's comedy is gentler and more melancholy.
The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles + The Argonautica
Apollonius's epic is Colum's chief source for the voyage itself; comparing them shows where Colum keeps Apollonius closely (the Clashing Rocks, the carrying of Argo across Libya, Talos) and where he adds interwoven tales of his own choosing.
The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles + The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children
Kingsley's Victorian Argonauts send the ship home by a northern route past Ierne and end with Medea's revenge and Cheiron's death; Colum follows Apollonius's southern route through Libya and gives Jason a hopeful final return.
The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles + Medea and Other Plays
Euripides's Medea shows the Corinthian ending that Colum softens: in Colum, Medea flies away after Glauce's death, and the fate of her children is not told.
The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles + Tanglewood Tales
Hawthorne's The Golden Fleece compresses the whole voyage into one story with a talking figurehead; Colum's speaking beam from Dodona and his long voyage give the same myth epic scale.
The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles + The Homeric Hymns
The story of Demeter and Persephone told at Lemnos follows the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, from the flowers of the field to the pomegranate seed.
The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles + The Iliad
Colum's subtitle places his heroes in the generation before Achilles; Peleus and Thetis's marriage in Part III leads directly to the hero of Homer's war.
Commentaries on the Laws of England + Magna Carta
Blackstone edited the Great Charter and the Charter of the Forest (1759), and in Book I, ch. 1 he places Magna Carta first in the line of declarations of the rights of Englishmen, reading clauses 39–40 as the root of personal liberty and due process.
Commentaries on the Laws of England + The Founding Documents
The Declaration's appeal to unalienable rights, the Constitution's provisions on habeas corpus and the Bill of Rights' guarantees of petition and arms all correspond to the absolute and auxiliary rights set out in Book I, ch. 1.
Commentaries on the Laws of England + Second Treatise of Government
Blackstone quotes Locke approvingly that where there is no law there is no freedom, but in Book I, ch. 2 he declines Locke's doctrine that the people may remove a legislature that breaks its trust, as inconsistent with any existing form of government.
Commentaries on the Laws of England + The Spirit of the Laws
Blackstone cites the president Montesquieu on the English constitution and his prediction that England would lose its liberty when the legislature became more corrupt than the executive, and his account of balanced King, Lords and Commons owes much to Book XI.
Commentaries on the Laws of England + The Federalist Papers
In Federalist 84 Hamilton quotes the judicious Blackstone on habeas corpus and arbitrary imprisonment to show that the Constitution already protects the liberties a bill of rights would list.
Commentaries on the Laws of England + The Articles of Confederation
The Articles left each state its own courts and laws, so the received common law that Blackstone described remained the working law of the states, a situation the later federal judiciary inherited.
Common Sense, Rights of Man, The Age of Reason, and The American Crisis + The Founding Documents
Paine agitates for independence and rights in popular prose, while the founding documents institutionalize selected revolutionary claims.
Common Sense, Rights of Man, The Age of Reason, and The American Crisis + Second Treatise of Government
Locke supplies philosophical foundations for consent and resistance; Paine turns similar principles into mass pamphlet force.
Common Sense, Rights of Man, The Age of Reason, and The American Crisis + The Social Contract
Rousseau and Paine share hostility to inherited legitimacy but differ in tone, metaphysics, and institutional imagination.
Speeches on the Compromise of 1850 + Second Reply to Hayne
Twenty years apart, Webster again answers a South Carolina theory of the Union, but in 1850 he couples his defense of the Union with concessions to the South that he had not been asked for in 1830.
Speeches on the Compromise of 1850 + Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution)
Hayne's compact theory of 1830 and Calhoun's equilibrium argument of 1850 present the same South Carolina constitutional school at two stages, before and after the slavery question displaced the tariff.
Speeches on the Compromise of 1850 + The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Douglas, who passed the 1850 measures, later cited their territorial provisions as the first enactment of popular sovereignty, while Lincoln claimed Clay as his own model of a statesman.
Speeches on the Compromise of 1850 + Uncle Tom's Cabin
Stowe wrote her novel in response to the Fugitive Slave Act, the part of the settlement Webster defended as a constitutional obligation in the Seventh of March speech.
Speeches on the Compromise of 1850 + Democracy in America
Tocqueville's chapter on the prospects of the Union, written in the 1830s, weighed the same forces Calhoun describes: the growth of the North and West and the weakening of the federal bond.
On Computable Numbers and Computing Machinery + Notes on Menabrea's Sketch of the Analytical Engine
Turing explicitly engages the Lovelace objection and shifts the issue from mechanical execution to learning, surprise, and conversational performance.
On Computable Numbers and Computing Machinery + On Formally Undecidable Propositions
Godel reveals limits within formal arithmetic; Turing recasts related limits through effective procedure and an abstract machine.
On Computable Numbers and Computing Machinery + A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity
McCulloch and Pitts model neurons logically, while Turing models computation procedurally and later asks how machines might imitate intelligent behavior.
On Computable Numbers and Computing Machinery + An Investigation of the Laws of Thought
Boole formalizes logical relations; Turing formalizes the act of calculation itself and asks whether such formal action can bear the name intelligence.
Confessions + Meditations
Both are inward-turned writings by men of public responsibility; Marcus Aurelius addresses himself in Stoic discipline, Augustine addresses God in confession.
Confessions + The Bible
The Confessions is saturated with the Psalms and Paul, and its conversion turns on reading Romans 13:13–14.
Confessions + Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII
Augustine's ascent through love and beauty to God draws on Platonic ideas of eros and the soul's ascent found in the Phaedrus.
Confessions + Siddhartha: An Indian Tale
Both narrate a seeker's passage through sensual life and intellectual systems to a spiritual awakening, though in very different religious frameworks.
Confessions + The Power and the Glory
Greene's whisky priest, like Augustine, knows his sins intimately and finds grace through weakness rather than virtue.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres + Almagest
Copernicus modelled his book's structure, mathematical method and star catalogue on the Almagest, while moving the centre of the system from the earth to near the sun and dropping the equant.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres + New Astronomy and The Harmony of the World
Kepler, a convinced Copernican, replaced Copernicus's circles with ellipses and exposed Osiander as the author of the note to the reader.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres + Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)
Galileo's telescopic discoveries and his Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina carried the Copernican question into the debate over Scripture and natural philosophy.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres + Principia
Newton's laws of motion and gravitation supplied the physical explanation of planetary motion around the sun that Copernicus lacked.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres + The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory
Duhem, who also wrote on the ancient idea of saving the appearances, defended a view of physical theory close to the one expressed in Osiander's note.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres + The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Kuhn, author of an earlier study of the Copernican revolution, drew on it as a model of how one scientific framework replaces another.
Cranford + Emma
Austen's Highbury and Gaskell's Cranford are both small towns of gossip, card parties and genteel economy; Miss Bates and Miss Matty are near cousins in kindness and in poverty.
Cranford + Silas Marner
Eliot's Raveloe and Gaskell's Cranford both show village communities rallying round a lonely figure, with a long-lost connection returning near the end.
Cranford + Villette
Gaskell's friend Charlotte Brontë wrote, in the same years, of a single woman living on small means; Brontë's Lucy Snowe faces it alone, while Miss Matty is carried by her neighbours.
Cranford + Middlemarch
Eliot's larger provincial novel shares Cranford's interest in a bank's affairs, a town doctor, and the pressure of the railway age on local life.
Cranford + Pride and Prejudice
Lady Catherine's rank and Mrs Jamieson's both rule their small worlds, and both books find comedy in the etiquette of precedence.
Crime and Punishment + The Brothers Karamazov
Crime and Punishment can be compared with the-brothers-karamazov to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Crime and Punishment + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Crime and Punishment can be compared with the-death-of-ivan-ilyich to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Crime and Punishment + The Idiot
In The Idiot (1868-69) Dostoevsky set out, as he wrote in letters, to portray a wholly good man; Prince Myshkin's innocence among St Petersburg society balances Raskolnikov's pride and fall.
Critique of Pure Reason + An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
Hume's claim that causal necessity is only a felt habit is the challenge Kant answers in the Second Analogy by making causality a condition of any objective time-order.
Critique of Pure Reason + Meditations on First Philosophy
Descartes infers a thinking substance from 'I think'; Kant's Paralogisms argue that this inference confuses the logical unity of consciousness with knowledge of a soul, and the Refutation of Idealism turns Descartes's doubt about outer things around.
Critique of Pure Reason + Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
The Critique leaves freedom thinkable but unknowable; the Groundwork four years later builds morality on that space, answering the question 'what ought I to do?'.
Critique of Pure Reason + The Republic
Kant admires Plato's ideas as archetypes of reason but uses the dove image to criticize his flight from sense; the divided line and the cave are the ancestors of Kant's appearance and thing-in-itself.
Critique of Pure Reason + The World as Will and Representation
Schopenhauer accepts Kant's world as representation and transcendental idealism, but claims to know the thing in itself directly as will through the body, which Kant would call a paralogism of its own.
Critique of Pure Reason + The Principles of Psychology
James treats Kant's transcendental ego as an unnecessary postulate and prefers an empirical, stream-like account of the unity of consciousness.
Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health + Washington v. Glucksberg
Seven years later the Chief Justice again wrote for the Court, distinguishing the refusal of treatment assumed in Cruzan from a claimed right to assistance in ending one's life.
Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health + Jacobson v. Massachusetts
Rehnquist cites the 1905 vaccination case as an early instance of the Court weighing a person's liberty to decline medical intervention against a state interest.
Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health + Youngberg v. Romeo
Both the majority and Brennan's dissent rely on Youngberg's method of balancing an incompetent person's liberty interests against the state's.
Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health + Addington v. Texas
Rehnquist draws his account of standards of proof from Addington, which required clear and convincing evidence before civil commitment.
Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Tolstoy's story of a dying magistrate surrounded by evasive doctors and relatives explores, in fiction, the loneliness and family strain that the Cruzan opinions discuss in law.
Cuchulain of Muirthemne + Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry
Yeats's 1888 anthology gathers the folk tales of the Irish countryside; Gregory's book does for the old heroic sagas what that collection did for fairy lore, in a closely related literary revival.
Cuchulain of Muirthemne + The Iliad
Achilles and Cuchulain both accept a short life in exchange for undying fame, and both mourn a beloved companion; Ferdiad's death at the ford invites comparison with Patroclus and Hector.
Cuchulain of Muirthemne + The Mabinogion
The Welsh tales are the nearest Celtic counterpart to the Ulster Cycle, sharing the Otherworld visitors, shape-shifting and heroic feasting of Gregory's book.
Cuchulain of Muirthemne + Beowulf
Both heroes fight monsters and champions alone, and both end with a hero's death and burial; Beowulf comes down in its own Old English verse while Gregory reworks Irish sources into modern prose.
Cuchulain of Muirthemne + The Ramayana
Rama and Cuchulain are both royal heroes whose fame is foretold at a boyhood test of arms, and both books end in sorrowful leave-takings between hero and wife.
Cuchulain of Muirthemne + Le Morte d'Arthur
Malory, like Gregory, joined many separate medieval stories into one connected life of a court and its champions, ending in the fall of its greatest hero.
Cybernetics + A Mathematical Theory of Communication
Shannon strips communication to probabilistic signal and noise, while Wiener embeds messages in organisms and machines that act through feedback.
Cybernetics + A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity
McCulloch and Pitts give neurons a logical form; Wiener gives nervous action a dynamic language of loops, correction, and control.
Cybernetics + Destruction and Creation and the OODA Loop Briefings
Boyd's orientation loops can be read as a strategic cousin of Wiener's feedback, with conflict replacing the laboratory regulator.
Cybernetics + On Computable Numbers and Computing Machinery
Turing asks what symbolic procedure can do; Wiener asks how purposive systems communicate with changing environments.
Cyrano de Bergerac + Romeo and Juliet
Both plays have a balcony scene; Shakespeare's lovers speak for themselves, while Rostand's lover is won by a hidden voice speaking for another man.
Cyrano de Bergerac + Much Ado About Nothing
Benedick and Beatrice fight with wit and are tricked into love; Cyrano uses wit as armour and lends it to win love for someone else.
Cyrano de Bergerac + Don Quixote
Two heroes of lost causes who live by a code of honour others find absurd, and who die with a final act of faith in their ideals.
Cyrano de Bergerac + The Misanthrope and Other Plays
Molière's Alceste, from the same century as Cyrano, also refuses to flatter, but Molière treats his candour comically, while Rostand makes it heroic.
Cyrano de Bergerac + The Scarlet Pimpernel
Both heroes hide their true selves, Percy behind foppery and Cyrano behind Christian, and both are swashbuckling romances written in the 1890s-1900s about an earlier France.
Order of the Day, 6 June 1944 + The St Crispin's Day Speech
Shakespeare's Henry and Eisenhower both speak to men about to fight against heavy odds on the coast of France and close by committing the outcome to God.
Order of the Day, 6 June 1944 + Speech to the Troops at Tilbury
Elizabeth in 1588 and Eisenhower in 1944 address armies facing a cross-Channel threat, one awaiting invasion and the other launching one, and both put their trust in the troops and in God.
Order of the Day, 6 June 1944 + We Shall Fight on the Beaches
Churchill's 1940 speech vowed resistance on the beaches after Dunkirk; Eisenhower's order four years later sends Allied armies back across those waters and recalls the Nazi triumphs of 1940-41 to show how far the tide has turned.
Order of the Day, 6 June 1944 + Pearl Harbor Address ("A Date Which Will Live in Infamy")
Roosevelt's 1941 address took the United States into the war with a promise of absolute victory; Eisenhower's order announces the campaign that would carry that promise into western Europe.
Daisy Miller + The Portrait of a Lady
Isabel Archer is a more complex version of the free American girl in Europe, whose independence is betrayed by Europeanised Americans.
Daisy Miller + Washington Square
Both James works of 1878–1880 examine a young woman's suitor whose motives are suspected, and a judging male observer.
Daisy Miller + BUtterfield 8
Both portray a young woman whose freedom with men scandalises society and whose story ends in death.
Daisy Miller + Effi Briest
Both show young women undone by social codes they do not fully grasp, with deaths that indict their societies.
Daisy Miller + The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern Papers
In The Aspern Papers, as in Daisy Miller, an American in Italy misreads a woman through his own preoccupations.
De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante) + The Divine Comedy
The Comedy dramatizes the two guides of Book III: Virgil leads Dante through Hell and Purgatory to the earthly paradise, and Beatrice leads him to the heavenly one; Justinian's speech in Paradiso VI retells the providential history of the Roman eagle defended in Book II.
De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante) + De Regno
Aquinas's On Kingship, which Dean Church's Notice recommends comparing, also argues that rule by one best preserves unity and peace, but subordinates kings to the priesthood in matters touching the final end, a point on which Dante insists the emperor's authority comes directly from God.
De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante) + City of God
Augustine treats Rome's empire as won largely through love of glory and judges its peace as an earthly good useful to the pilgrim city; Dante, while sharing the doctrine of two ends, reads Roman history as positively willed by God.
De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante) + The Aeneid
Book II quotes Virgil repeatedly on the nobility of Aeneas and his ancestors and wives, taking the Aeneid's promise of an empire without end as testimony to Rome's providential right.
De Monarchia (with R. W. Church's essay on Dante) + Politics
Dante begins from Aristotle's teaching that every community aims at an end and that a household, village and city each need a ruling element, and extends the argument to the whole human race.
Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward + Fletcher v. Peck
The Yazoo decision of 1810 first held that a state grant is a contract; Dartmouth extended that holding from a sale of land to a charter of incorporation.
Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward + Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
In 1837 the Taney Court declined to find an implied monopoly in a bridge charter, limiting the Dartmouth principle to the express terms of a grant; Story, who had concurred in Dartmouth, dissented.
Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward + The Federalist Papers
Federalist No. 44 defends the ban on laws impairing contracts as a protection against sudden changes in legislation that affect personal rights, the concern Marshall applied to the college charter.
Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward + The Founding Documents
Marshall's opinion rests on the clause of Article I, Section 10 that forbids any state to pass a law impairing the obligation of contracts.
Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward + McCulloch v. Maryland
Decided in the same term, McCulloch treated the national government's corporation; Dartmouth treated a private one, and together they made corporate charters a central subject of constitutional law.
David Copperfield + A Christmas Carol
Both draw on Dickens's childhood poverty; Scrooge's lonely school days and David's warehouse labour show how early neglect shapes adulthood.
David Copperfield + Little Women
Both are domestic coming-of-age novels about becoming a writer, with deaths of beloved young women (Dora, Beth) as turning points.
David Copperfield + The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Both portray boyhood with humour and nostalgia, though Twain's is adventurous and Dickens's shadowed by cruelty and labour.
David Copperfield + Ruth
Gaskell's Ruth and Dickens's Little Em'ly and Martha are 'fallen women' whose treatment tests Victorian charity.
David Copperfield + The Secret Garden
Both show a neglected child who finds healing through a guardian and through care for others.
De Anima + The Nicomachean Ethics
De Anima can be compared with the-nicomachean-ethics to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
De Anima + Timaeus
De Anima can be compared with timaeus to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
De Materia Medica + Natural History: A Selection
Pliny gathers marvels and natural facts for encyclopedic display; Dioscorides writes a working drug manual.
De Materia Medica + Galen: Selected Works
Galen systematizes drugs within humoral theory, while Dioscorides supplies the materia that later physicians classified and prescribed.
De Materia Medica + Hippocratic Writings
Hippocratic regimen often gives priority to diet and evacuation; Dioscorides expands the therapeutic world through detailed drug lore.
De Regno + Politics
De Regno can be compared with politics to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
De Regno + The Prince
De Regno can be compared with the-prince to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Holy Sonnet X: "Death, be not proud" + Sermons and Devotions upon Emergent Occasions
Donne's Devotions upon Emergent Occasions, written during a grave illness in 1623, and his last sermon, Death's Duel, return to the same confrontation with death in prose.
Holy Sonnet X: "Death, be not proud" + Because I could not stop for Death
Dickinson also personifies Death, but as a courteous carriage driver rather than a braggart; Donne argues with him, Dickinson rides with him.
Holy Sonnet X: "Death, be not proud" + The Collar
George Herbert, Donne's younger friend in the metaphysical tradition, also dramatizes a soul speaking boldly, though Herbert's speaker rebels against God and is called back.
Holy Sonnet X: "Death, be not proud" + Psalm 23
The psalmist fears no evil in the valley because God is with him; Donne fears no death because death itself will end. Both rest on trust in God rather than on bravado.
Holy Sonnet X: "Death, be not proud" + Sonnets
Shakespeare's sequence, printed in 1609 just as Donne's Holy Sonnets were being written, uses the English sonnet's closing couplet to set love and verse against time and death; Donne turns the same form toward faith in the resurrection.
Death Comes for the Archbishop + The Aeneid
Death Comes for the Archbishop can be compared with the-aeneid to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Death Comes for the Archbishop + The Trial of Joan of Arc
Death Comes for the Archbishop can be compared with the-trial-of-joan-of-arc to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Death of a Salesman + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Both show an ordinary man confronting the emptiness of a conventional life as death approaches; Ivan finds peace through compassion, Willy through a fantasy of sacrifice.
Death of a Salesman + A View from the Bridge
Miller's later tragedy also centres on a working man's self-deception destroying him, with a wife who sees what he cannot.
Death of a Salesman + A Doll's House and Other Plays
Miller was steeped in Ibsen: both plays expose family lies in a domestic setting and build to a revelation that breaks illusions.
Death of a Salesman + Humboldt's Gift
Both portray American men destroyed by the gap between their dreams of greatness and the market's verdict.
Death of a Salesman + Macbeth
Both are tragedies of a man who hears seductive voices (the witches, Ben) promising greatness and who acts on them to his ruin.
Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias + Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry
Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias pairs with this work because Kraepelin shows the later course-based diagnostic method that reorganized psychiatric categories.
Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias + The Psychology of Dementia Praecox
Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias pairs with this work because Jung tries to interpret severe psychosis through complexes, meaning, and association experiments.
Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias + The Interpretation of Dreams
Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias pairs with this work because Freud makes dreams and unconscious meaning central to psychological explanation.
Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias + Mental Pathology and Therapeutics
Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias pairs with this work because Griesinger presses psychiatry toward brain disease and medical therapeutics.
Democracy in America + The Federalist Papers
The Federalist Papers defend constitutional design before ratification; Tocqueville observes democratic institutions and habits in operation.
Democracy in America + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Douglass argues against slavery as a formerly enslaved American; Tocqueville examines it as a French visitor who judged it the gravest danger to the Union.
Democracy in America + The Social Contract
Rousseau theorizes popular sovereignty; Tocqueville studies how democratic equality forms citizens' habits and fears.
Description of the Retreat + A Treatise on Insanity
Description of the Retreat pairs with this work because Pinel gives an earlier reformist and nosological frame for asylum psychiatry.
Description of the Retreat + Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind
Description of the Retreat pairs with this work because Rush provides an American medical and asylum counterpart for early psychiatric classification.
Description of the Retreat + Mental Maladies
Description of the Retreat pairs with this work because Esquirol expands French alienism into hallucination, monomania, suicide, and institutional design.
Description of the Retreat + The Varieties of Religious Experience
Description of the Retreat pairs with this work because James studies altered states, conversion, melancholy, and religious experience with psychological tact.
Destruction and Creation and the OODA Loop Briefings + On War
Clausewitz analyzes friction and moral forces; Boyd reframes conflict through tempo, orientation, and adaptive disruption.
Destruction and Creation and the OODA Loop Briefings + The Art of War
Sun Tzu's deception and formlessness anticipate Boyd's emphasis on ambiguity, tempo, and collapsing enemy cohesion.
Destruction and Creation and the OODA Loop Briefings + Cybernetics
Wiener's feedback systems and Boyd's OODA loop both treat action as circular adaptation to changing environments.
Destruction and Creation and the OODA Loop Briefings + On Formally Undecidable Propositions
Boyd invokes Godel as part of a broader argument against closed systems that claim complete internal adequacy.
Experience and Education + Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking
James's lectures of 1907 set out the pragmatic theory of truth and meaning that underlies Dewey's insistence on judging experiences by where they lead.
Experience and Education + The Abolition of Man
Lewis's 1943 lectures on education defend objective value and the training of right sentiment, a classical and Christian counterpoint to Dewey's account of growth through experience.
Experience and Education + The Republic
Plato's long discussion of the education of the guardians, from music and gymnastic to dialectic, is the oldest systematic philosophy of education in the West and a natural foil for Dewey's.
Experience and Education + Meno
Socrates's questioning of the slave boy treats learning as recollection drawn out by questions; Dewey too wants learning to arise from the learner's own activity, but grounds it in experience rather than recollection.
Experience and Education + Essays on Education in a Republic
Benjamin Rush's essays tie education to the needs of a free republic, an early American concern that Dewey renews in his own democratic terms.
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion + An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
The Enquiry establishes that causal inference rests on experience of constant conjunction; the Dialogues apply that principle to the universe, which is a single, unique effect with no observed class of similar origins.
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion + Pensees
Pascal shares Demea's view that reason cannot reach God's nature and that human wretchedness points to the need for religion, but Pascal's wager and hidden God answer a question Philo uses only to unsettle.
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion + On the Nature of the Universe
Lucretius's atoms forming worlds by chance motion are the source of the Epicurean hypothesis Philo revives in Part 8 as a rival to design.
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion + The Consolation of Philosophy
Boethius reconciles suffering with providence through Lady Philosophy's teaching; Hume's Philo dismantles exactly that kind of consolation by weighing evidence of misery.
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion + Candide: Or Optimism
Voltaire's satire of Leibnizian optimism appeared in 1759, between Hume's drafts; both attack the claim that this is the best world, Voltaire through comic catastrophe and Hume through Philo's four circumstances.
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion + The Bible
The Book of Job also places suffering at the centre of a debate among friends about God's justice; Job's comforters resemble Demea, while Philo plays an irreverent Job without the whirlwind.
Diamond v. Chakrabarty + Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.
In 2013 the Court applied Chakrabarty's line between nature's handiwork and human invention to hold isolated natural DNA unpatentable but synthetic cDNA eligible.
Diamond v. Chakrabarty + Frankenstein
Shelley's novel of a scientist who makes a living being and then disowns responsibility for it supplied the imagery behind many of the fears the Court called a parade of horribles.
Diamond v. Chakrabarty + On the Origin of Species
Darwin's account of variation and selection in nature frames the distinction the Court draws between organisms nature produces and one produced by deliberate human design.
Diamond v. Chakrabarty + Marbury v. Madison
Burger quotes Marshall's line that it is the province of the judicial department to say what the law is, invoking it to interpret a statute Congress had already written.
Dignitatis Humanae + We Hold These Truths
Dignitatis Humanae can be compared with we-hold-these-truths to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Dignitatis Humanae + Fides et Ratio
Dignitatis Humanae can be compared with fides-et-ratio to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Dirks v. SEC + Chiarella v. United States
Powell built Dirks directly on his Chiarella opinion, extending the rule that a duty to disclose arises from a relationship of trust to those who receive tips from insiders.
Dirks v. SEC + United States v. O'Hagan
O'Hagan added the misappropriation theory to the classical theory of Chiarella and Dirks, reaching outsiders who take information in breach of a duty to its source.
Dirks v. SEC + SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.
Capital Gains held that an adviser's undisclosed conflict operates as a fraud regardless of motive, a contrast with Dirks's emphasis on the insider's purpose in disclosing.
Dirks v. SEC + The Prince
Blackmun charged that the majority let the end justify the means, a phrase long associated with readings of Machiavelli's counsel to rulers.
Dirks v. SEC + The Nicomachean Ethics
Aristotle's treatment of voluntary action and choice bears on the Court's decision to make the insider's purpose the test of whether a disclosure was wrongful.
Discourse on Method + Meditations on First Philosophy
Part IV is a compressed preview of the Meditations; the later work adds the evil demon, the wax, and fuller arguments for God and the real distinction of mind and body, addressed to theologians in Latin.
Discourse on Method + The Passions of the Soul
Part V's animal spirits and nervous machinery are developed in Descartes's last book into a physiology of emotion centred on the pineal gland, with remedies for excessive passions.
Discourse on Method + Novum Organum
Bacon also wants science to relieve the human condition and distrusts inherited learning, but builds knowledge by inductive collection of instances where Descartes deduces from clear first principles.
Discourse on Method + Essays
Montaigne's self-portrait and sceptical 'what do I know?' supply both the autobiographical form and the doubt that the Discourse tries to overcome with method.
Discourse on Method + An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Locke inherits Descartes's 'idea' vocabulary and focus on the mind's own operations but rejects innate ideas and the claim that the essence of the soul is to think continuously.
Discourse on Method + Galen: Selected Works
Part V's mechanical heart, driven by heat and governed by valves, is a direct challenge to Galen's physiology of faculties, innate heat and ebbing blood.
Discourse on Voluntary Servitude + On Friendship
Montaigne's essay on his friendship with La Boétie was written to introduce the Discourse; its claim that true friendship is rare and sovereign echoes La Boétie's own closing teaching that friendship exists only among the good.
Discourse on Voluntary Servitude + The Prince
Written about thirty-five years apart, both analyse how a single ruler keeps power; Machiavelli advises the prince how to manage his subjects, while La Boétie asks the subjects why they keep supplying the means.
Discourse on Voluntary Servitude + Politics
Aristotle's Book V lists the devices tyrants use to preserve themselves, including keeping subjects poor, busy and distrustful; La Boétie's baits and chain of favourites take up the same classical analysis.
Discourse on Voluntary Servitude + De Regno
Aquinas also asks how a people should respond to tyranny, counselling patience and public authority rather than private action; La Boétie's withdrawal of support offers a different, non-violent answer.
Discourse on Voluntary Servitude + No Treason
Spooner, three centuries later, also grounds political obligation in consent and argues that supporting a government one has not agreed to is a form of servitude.
Discourse on Voluntary Servitude + Second Treatise of Government
Locke's account of government by consent and of the people's right to resist tyranny gives a systematic shape to the intuition La Boétie states in essay form.
District of Columbia v. Heller + The Virginia Declaration of Rights
Mason's 1776 declaration pairs a well-regulated militia of the people with warnings against standing armies; both opinions cite language of this kind from the founding-era state declarations.
District of Columbia v. Heller + Commentaries on the Laws of England
The majority relies on Blackstone's description of having arms for defense as an auxiliary right of English subjects.
District of Columbia v. Heller + The Anti-Federalist Papers
Stevens grounds the Amendment in Anti-Federalist fears that Congress could disarm state militias and rely on a standing army.
District of Columbia v. Heller + The Federalist Papers
Hamilton in No. 29 and Madison in No. 46 discuss the militia and a people armed against usurpation, passages each side reads in light of its own interpretation.
District of Columbia v. Heller + The Founding Documents
The text of the Second Amendment, and its place in the Bill of Rights beside the First and Fourth, is the subject of the whole debate.
District of Columbia v. Heller + United States v. Nixon
Both cases ask the Court to define the reach of a constitutional principle that earlier precedent had left unsettled, one concerning the Presidency and the other an individual guarantee.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization + Roe v. Wade
The majority's historical argument builds on Rehnquist's Roe dissent and its count of state laws in force in 1868, while the dissenters defend Blackmun's recognition of the right.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization + Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey
Dobbs answers Casey's stare decisis analysis with its own five factors, and the joint dissent quotes Casey throughout as the authoritative statement of the right.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization + Plessy v. Ferguson
The majority cites Brown's overruling of Plessy as proof that an egregiously wrong precedent need not be kept, and Kavanaugh lists Plessy among decisions properly overruled.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization + West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
Alito notes that Barnette overruled Gobitis only three years after it was decided, as an example of the Court correcting itself quickly.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization + The Founding Documents
Both sides argue from the Constitution's text: the majority from its silence on abortion, the dissent from the open-ended guarantees of liberty and equality in the Fourteenth Amendment.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization + Commentaries on the Laws of England
The majority relies on Blackstone's account of the common law, and the Commentaries also set out the classic English view of when judges may depart from precedent.
Don Quixote + Northanger Abbey
Catherine Morland, like Don Quixote, reads her world through the conventions of a beloved genre, here the Gothic novel, and must learn to see clearly.
Don Quixote + Candide: Or Optimism
Both follow an idealist through a series of beatings and disillusionments, satirising a system of belief; Candide's optimism parallels Quixote's chivalry.
Don Quixote + Gulliver's Travels
Both are satirical journeys whose narrator's perceptions are unreliable, and both end with the hero's mental state in question.
Don Quixote + The Misanthrope and Other Plays
Molière's comic monomaniacs, like Quixote, are ruled by a single idea that clashes with social reality.
Don Quixote + Lord Jim
Jim's romantic self-image, nourished by 'light holiday literature', is a modern quixotism with tragic consequences.
Sermons and Devotions upon Emergent Occasions + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Burton anatomizes melancholy encyclopedically; Donne renders sickness as a first-person drama of body, soul, and community.
Sermons and Devotions upon Emergent Occasions + Meditations
Marcus Aurelius disciplines mortality through Stoic reflection, while Donne faces death through Christian sacrament, fear, and verbal struggle.
Sermons and Devotions upon Emergent Occasions + A Journal of the Plague Year (Daniel Defoe)
Defoe narrates epidemic city life; Donne concentrates the plague-haunted world into one sickroom's devotional consciousness.
Complete Poems + The Portable Dorothy Parker
The Portable collection pairs selected poems with Parker's stories and reviews, which explore the same themes in prose.
Complete Poems + Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair
Neruda's sensual, earnest love lyrics from the same decade are the opposite pole to Parker's ironic deflation of romantic feeling.
Complete Poems + The Metaphysical Poets
Parker's witty turns and conceits about love and death descend in part from the tradition of Donne and Marvell.
Complete Poems + BUtterfield 8
O'Hara's novel depicts the same speakeasy New York of drinking and disillusioned love.
Dracula + Frankenstein
Both epistolary Gothic novels anchor the horror in doctors and scientists; Shelley's science creates the monster, Stoker's medicine and asylum psychiatry defeat it.
Dracula + The Vampyre
Polidori's aristocratic vampire Lord Ruthven, modelled on Byron, is the first literary vampire of the kind Dracula perfected.
Dracula + The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern Papers
Both fin-de-siècle tales of the supernatural are told through documents whose reliability is questioned, and both turn on a threat to the innocent.
Dracula + Heart of Darkness
Published two years apart, both journey from Western Europe to a 'primitive' interior and expose anxieties of empire and degeneration.
Dracula + The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories
Lovecraft's assembled documents and fears of ancient contagion from abroad descend from Stoker's method and anxieties.
Dracula + Carmilla
Le Fanu's vampire novella (1872) appeared a quarter-century before Dracula and is often named as one of Stoker's sources; both use first-person documents and a learned vampire hunter.
Dred Scott v. Sandford + The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
The 1858 Illinois Senate debates turned repeatedly on the decision, with Douglas defending it and Lincoln challenging its territorial holding.
Dred Scott v. Sandford + House Divided Speech
Lincoln's June 1858 speech presents the decision as one piece of a larger design concerning the spread of slavery.
Dred Scott v. Sandford + The Founding Documents
Both opinions argue over the meaning of the Declaration's 'all men are created equal,' the Preamble's 'We the People' and the territory clause of Article IV.
Dred Scott v. Sandford + Speeches on the Compromise of 1850
The Senate speeches of 1850 debated the same question of congressional power over slavery in the territories that the Court tried to settle seven years later.
Dred Scott v. Sandford + United States v. Wong Kim Ark
In 1898 the Court applied the Fourteenth Amendment's Citizenship Clause, which superseded Dred Scott, to a man born in San Francisco to Chinese parents.
Dred Scott v. Sandford + Slaughter-House Cases
The first major reading of the Fourteenth Amendment describes the Citizenship Clause as overturning the Dred Scott decision on national citizenship.
The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory + Science and Hypothesis
Poincaré also limits physical theory to relations and argues that some principles of mechanics are conventions; Duhem adds that experiments test groups of hypotheses and that no single hypothesis can be refuted alone.
The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory + An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine
Duhem discusses Claude Bernard's method of testing a single idea by experiment and argues that physiology allows a simplicity of testing that theoretical physics does not.
The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory + The Logic of Scientific Discovery
Popper's falsificationism holds that theories are tested by attempts at refutation; Duhem's argument that refutation strikes a whole group of hypotheses is a central problem Popper's account must answer.
The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory + The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Kuhn, like Duhem, stresses the role of judgment and of the history of science in theory choice, though Duhem emphasized continuity where Kuhn emphasized revolutions.
The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory + Popular Scientific Lectures
Mach's idea of science as economy of thought is close to Duhem's account of theory as an economical representation of laws, though Duhem added the idea of a natural classification.
The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory + Principia
Duhem argues that Newton's rule of deducing laws from phenomena without hypotheses cannot be followed in physics, and uses the history of universal gravitation to show how Newton's theory grew from earlier ideas.
Early Black Church Sermons and Addresses + A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People During the Late Awful Calamity in Philadelphia
Allen and Jones provide an early model of Black religious leaders defending communal service against racialized public memory.
Early Black Church Sermons and Addresses + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Douglass's oratory and Black church sermons share a biblical argument that a slaveholding nation must answer to the Christianity it professes, and an insistence on Black moral authority.
Early Black Church Sermons and Addresses + Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail
King inherits and transforms the Black church tradition of biblical public argument under conditions of racial violence.
The Early Christian Creeds + The History of the Church
Eusebius offers narrative context for Constantine and early councils, while the creeds compress conflict into official formulas.
The Early Christian Creeds + City of God
Augustine's theology of history and Trinitarian commitments belong to the world stabilized by Nicene confession, though he writes in a different genre.
The Early Christian Creeds + Early Christian Writings: The Apostolic Fathers
The Apostolic Fathers show pre-Nicene worship, ethics and church order before later creeds harden boundaries around technical doctrine.
The Early Christian Creeds + The Bible
The creeds are not scripture but structured readings of biblical claims about God, Christ, Spirit, church, judgment and resurrection.
The Early Christian Creeds + Confessions
Augustine's personal conversion narrative presupposes the creed as rule of faith and turns doctrine into prayer and memory.
Early Christian Lives + The Rule of St Benedict
The Lives dramatize charismatic ascetic beginnings; Benedict regularizes monastic life into a stable communal rule.
Early Christian Lives + Early Christian Writings: The Apostolic Fathers
Both form Christian identity through exemplary bodies, but the Lives focus on ascetics rather than early church order.
Early Christian Lives + The Golden Ass
Both include conversion, altered states and religious transformation, though Apuleius is comic and ambiguous while the Lives are exemplary.
Early Christian Writings: The Apostolic Fathers + The History of the Church
Eusebius later arranges many early memories into institutional history; the Apostolic Fathers preserve earlier community voices.
Early Christian Writings: The Apostolic Fathers + The Rule of St Benedict
Both collections form communities through practices, obedience and discipline, but Benedict belongs to mature monasticism.
Early Christian Writings: The Apostolic Fathers + The Bible
The Apostolic Fathers stand just after the New Testament and show how scriptural language became communal rule.
Early Franciscan Sources + The Rule of St Benedict
Benedict's stability and measured moderation contrast with Franciscan itinerancy, poverty, and improvisational preaching.
Early Franciscan Sources + Early Christian Lives
Athanasius and Jerome help frame ascetic holiness before Francis; the Franciscan sources move that holiness into cities, markets, roads, and public preaching.
Early Franciscan Sources + A Christmas Carol
Greccio and Dickens both remake Christmas through embodied feeling, but Francis stages poverty and incarnation where Dickens stages memory, charity, and social conscience.
Early Franciscan Sources + The Varieties of Religious Experience
James is useful for discussing conversion, saintliness, and bodily marks, but the Franciscan sources require theological and communal categories alongside psychology.
Early Franciscan Sources + Galen: Selected Works
Galen's learned medicine clarifies how distant Francis's cautery episode is from modern treatment; the scene belongs to a world where pain, heat, and humoral assumptions shaped care.
Early Franciscan Sources + Hippocratic Writings
The Hippocratic corpus offers clinical observation and regimen, while Franciscan illness narratives turn treatment, pain, and endurance into signs of sanctity.
East of Eden + The Bible
The novel's structure and title come from Genesis 4, and Lee's discussion of the Hebrew of Genesis 4:7 is its moral centre.
East of Eden + Cannery Row
Both Steinbeck books feature a wise observer (Lee and Samuel; Doc) at the centre of a community.
East of Eden + Wuthering Heights
Both are multigenerational family sagas of rivalry, revenge and inheritance, with a dark figure (Heathcliff, Cathy) at their heart.
East of Eden + Fathers and Sons
Both examine the tensions between fathers and sons and the gap between generations' values.
East of Eden + Macbeth
Cathy, like Lady Macbeth, is a figure of ruthless will who is undone at last by physical and psychological decline.
Ecce Homo + Thus Spoke Zarathustra
Ecce Homo pairs with this work because Zarathustra dramatizes self-overcoming and life affirmation in prophetic-philosophical form.
Ecce Homo + Beyond Good and Evil
Ecce Homo pairs with this work because Nietzsche's aphoristic critique of morality prepares the later genealogical and therapeutic language.
Ecce Homo + On the Genealogy of Morality
Ecce Homo pairs with this work because Genealogy analyzes guilt, ressentiment, punishment, and ascetic meaning as historical psychology.
Ecce Homo + Confessions
Ecce Homo pairs with this work because Augustine's self-examination contrasts with Nietzsche's late autobiographical performance.
The Nature of the Physical World + Relativity: The Special and General Theory
Einstein's own popular exposition of relativity covers the ground of Eddington's early chapters; Eddington adds thermodynamics, quantum theory and philosophy.
The Nature of the Physical World + Physics and Philosophy
Both are Gifford Lectures by physicists drawing out the meaning of quantum theory; Heisenberg speaks as a founder of the Copenhagen view three decades later.
The Nature of the Physical World + Science and Hypothesis
Poincare argued that science knows the relations between things, not the things themselves, a view close to Eddington's chapter on pointer readings.
The Nature of the Physical World + What Is Life?
Another physicist addressing a general audience, Schrodinger also uses entropy and ends with reflections on mind and self.
Effi Briest + The Scarlet Letter
Both turn on adultery discovered and punished by a rigid society; Hester defies her community, while Effi accepts its verdict and dies forgiving.
Effi Briest + A Doll's House and Other Plays
Nora and Effi are both married young to correct, ambitious men; Nora leaves, Effi is cast out.
Effi Briest + Daisy Miller
Both portray lively young women whose spontaneity collides with social codes and who die young.
Effi Briest + The Portrait of a Lady
Isabel Archer and Effi are both trapped in marriages to men who value form over feeling.
Effi Briest + Ruth
Both novels examine the social punishment of a woman's sexual transgression and end with her death after a period of quiet atonement.
Relativity: The Special and General Theory + Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)
Galileo's principle that a uniformly moving ship cannot be distinguished by experiments inside it from one at rest is the starting point of Einstein's special theory, which extends it to the laws of light.
Relativity: The Special and General Theory + Science and Hypothesis
Poincaré, writing in 1902, discussed the relativity of space, the conventional element in geometry and the possibility of non-Euclidean physics; Einstein's account of geometry as a statement about rigid bodies takes up the same questions.
Relativity: The Special and General Theory + Elements, Book I
Einstein opens with the question of what Euclid's propositions mean physically and later shows that space-time in the general theory is not Euclidean; Euclid supplies the geometry being reconsidered.
Relativity: The Special and General Theory + The Logic of Scientific Discovery
Popper took Einstein's readiness to name observations, such as the red shift, that would make his theory untenable as a model of falsifiable science.
Relativity: The Special and General Theory + The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Kuhn treated the passage from Newtonian to relativistic physics as a revolution in which basic concepts change meaning; Einstein's own account stresses instead that Newton's mechanics survives as a limiting case.
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard + Ozymandias
Shelley's broken statue illustrates what Gray states outright in stanza 9: the paths of glory lead but to the grave. Gray mourns the obscure; Shelley mocks the mighty.
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard + Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey
Both are meditations spoken in a particular English landscape and moving from scene to reflection. Wordsworth finds renewal in nature and memory; Gray finds in the churchyard a lesson about death and the worth of plain lives.
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard + Because I could not stop for Death
Dickinson's speaker rides past the fields toward a grave that looks like a swelling of the ground, much like Gray's mouldering heaps; but where Gray stands among the dead as a living observer, Dickinson speaks from beyond death.
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard + Paradise Lost
Gray's mute inglorious Milton imagines a village poet who never wrote; the real Milton's epic of fall and providence shows what such a gift could do when it found its voice.
The Waste Land + Journey of the Magi
Written in 1927, the year of Eliot's baptism, Journey of the Magi turns the Waste Land's desert journey and its Emmaus figure into a pilgrimage to Christ's birth that is also a hard death to the old life.
The Waste Land + The Golden Bough (abridged edition)
Eliot's notes credit Frazer's account of dying and reviving gods (Adonis, Attis, Osiris) for the poem's buried corpse that may sprout and its waiting for rain.
The Waste Land + The Divine Comedy
The crowd on London Bridge echoes Inferno III, the key turning in the prison echoes Ugolino's tower in Inferno XXXIII, and the closing Italian line comes from Arnaut Daniel in the refining fire of Purgatorio XXVI.
The Waste Land + Confessions
Eliot quotes Augustine's arrival at Carthage, a cauldron of unholy loves, and sets it beside the Buddha's Fire Sermon as two great teachings of ascetic renunciation.
The Waste Land + The Second Coming
Yeats's poem of 1919-1920 shares the postwar sense that things fall apart, but answers it with a cyclical vision of history rather than Eliot's search among fragments.
The Waste Land + Metamorphoses
Ovid supplies Tiresias, who lived as man and woman, and the tale of Philomela changed into a nightingale, whose song recurs in Parts II and III.
Speech to the Troops at Tilbury + The St Crispin's Day Speech
Shakespeare's Henry V, written about a decade after Tilbury, also rallies an outnumbered English army by promising to share its danger and honour; Elizabeth speaks before a battle that never came.
Speech to the Troops at Tilbury + We Shall Fight on the Beaches
Churchill in 1940 and Elizabeth in 1588 both address an England expecting invasion from across the narrow sea and turn defiance into a shared resolve.
Speech to the Troops at Tilbury + The Trial of Joan of Arc
Joan and Elizabeth are the two famous women of the period who presented themselves to soldiers as leaders in war under God, though Joan rode into battle and Elizabeth reviewed an army awaiting one.
Speech to the Troops at Tilbury + Henry V
The whole play explores the king as both man and office, the same doubleness Elizabeth exploits in contrasting her natural body with her royal heart.
Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays) + Walden
Thoreau, Emerson's Concord neighbour and protege, built his cabin on Emerson's land at Walden Pond and turned the counsel of Self-Reliance into two years of deliberate living.
Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays) + Essays
Emerson admired Montaigne; both write essays that test ideas against the self, but Montaigne doubts his own judgement where Emerson calls on the reader to trust his.
Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays) + Meditations
Marcus Aurelius also seeks peace within rather than from fortune; Emerson's closing claim that nothing can bring peace but yourself is close to the Stoic inner citadel.
Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays) + The Varieties of Religious Experience
William James, whose father knew Emerson, studies first-hand religious experience of the kind The Over-Soul describes as the soul's direct reception of truth.
Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays) + Essays
Bacon's essays on friendship and travel give compact practical counsel; Emerson's essays on the same subjects reach for the spiritual law behind the practice.
Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays) + Confessions
Augustine also turns inward to find God, but discovers there a restless heart that needs grace, while Emerson finds in the soul a source to be trusted.
Emma + Pride and Prejudice
Elizabeth Bennet and Emma both misjudge through confidence in their own perception, but Elizabeth's prejudice is formed by a wounding first impression while Emma's errors come from idle invention; each is corrected by the man she will marry.
Emma + Mansfield Park
Written immediately before Emma, Mansfield Park has a quiet, self-doubting heroine in Fanny Price; Emma reverses her in a mistress of the house who is almost never in doubt.
Emma + Persuasion
Anne Elliot, the heroine of Austen's next novel, once yielded to bad advice about a match; Harriet Smith is the one who yields to Emma, so the two books look at persuasion from opposite sides.
Emma + Sense and Sensibility
Both novels turn on a secret engagement (Edward and Lucy, Frank and Jane) whose concealment misleads the heroine and pains a reserved young woman.
Emma + Love and Freindship and Other Early Works
Austen's teenage burlesque mocks heroines who live by novels; Emma, twenty-five years later, is a heroine who lives by her own invented plots, and Harriet's sentimental keepsakes recall the juvenilia's comedy.
Emma + Middlemarch
Eliot's provincial town extends Austen's village into a web of professions, politics and money; Dorothea Brooke, like Emma, is a well-off young woman whose ardent misjudgment of others shapes her story.
Engel v. Vitale + The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
Black presents Jefferson's Virginia statute of 1786 as the fruit of the struggle against a tax-supported church that shaped the First Amendment.
Engel v. Vitale + Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention
Black closes with Madison's Memorial and Remonstrance of 1785, warning that the authority to establish Christianity could establish any sect.
Engel v. Vitale + Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible
Jefferson's 1802 letter to the Danbury Baptists is the source of the wall of separation metaphor that the petitioners invoked and Stewart criticized.
Engel v. Vitale + The Founding Documents
Stewart ends with the Declaration of Independence's firm reliance on divine Providence, and both opinions interpret the First Amendment's two religion clauses.
Engel v. Vitale + West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
Stewart cites Barnette's protection of students from compelled expression and argues that New York's voluntary prayer respected it.
Engel v. Vitale + Reynolds v. United States
The 1879 decision first quoted Jefferson's wall of separation in a Supreme Court opinion, under the Free Exercise Clause rather than the Establishment Clause.
Enneads + Timaeus
Enneads can be compared with timaeus to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Enneads + Confessions
Enneads can be compared with confessions to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
The Epic of Gilgamesh + The Bible
Genesis 6-9 and Tablet XI both tell of a flood survived by one righteous or favoured man in a great vessel who sends out birds and offers sacrifice; the accounts differ in their view of the divine, one God judging the corruption of the earth in Genesis and quarrelling gods in Gilgamesh, and scholars debate how they are related. Siduri's counsel to Gilgamesh is also often set beside Ecclesiastes 9:7-9.
The Epic of Gilgamesh + The Odyssey
Both are journeys to the ends of the earth by a hero who meets a divine woman by the sea, consults the dead or the deathless, refuses or loses immortality, and comes home to his own place and limits.
The Epic of Gilgamesh + The Iliad
Achilles' grief for Patroclus, his refusal to let the body go and his funeral rites are the closest classical parallel to Gilgamesh's mourning for Enkidu; in both, the friend's death turns the hero toward his own mortality.
The Epic of Gilgamesh + Metamorphoses
Ovid's flood of Deucalion and Pyrrha in Book I is a later Mediterranean flood story in which a pious couple survive in a boat and repeople the earth, offering a third account to compare with Tablet XI and Genesis.
The Epic of Gilgamesh + Theogony and Works and Days
Hesiod's ages of mankind and his picture of gods who keep life hidden from men share the Gilgamesh poet's sense of a fixed gap between gods and mortals; the Theogony's divine generations also recall the Mesopotamian pantheon behind the epic.
The Epic of Gilgamesh + The Aeneid
Aeneas's descent to the underworld in Book VI, guided by the Sibyl and ferried by Charon, invites comparison with Gilgamesh's crossing of the waters of death with Urshanabi and with Enkidu's dream of the house of dust.
Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion + Meditations
Marcus Aurelius, an emperor, writes privately in the tradition of Epictetus, a former slave, and quotes him; both use the division between what is in our power and what is not.
Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion + Letters from a Stoic
Seneca's letters, a generation earlier, give Stoic counsel to a single friend in polished literary Latin, where Epictetus speaks bluntly to a classroom in Greek.
Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion + The Consolation of Philosophy
Boethius in prison is taught by Lady Philosophy that fortune's gifts were never his own, a lesson close to the Encheiridion's advice to say of losses that they have been restored.
Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion + Pensees
Pascal admired Epictetus for knowing human duty and greatness but faulted him for presuming on human strength; the Pensees answer the Stoic with the Christian doctrine of grace.
Discourses (selection) and Encheiridion + The Nicomachean Ethics
Aristotle counts external goods and fortune as parts of a flourishing life, while Epictetus places happiness wholly in the will; reading both sharpens the question of what a good life requires.
On Free Will (De Libero Arbitrio) + The Bondage of the Will (De Servo Arbitrio)
Luther's direct reply, which follows Erasmus point by point; reading the two together shows each side's handling of the same texts, from Ecclesiasticus 15 to Romans 9.
On Free Will (De Libero Arbitrio) + Selected Sermons and Reformation Treatises
Luther's earlier treatises, including The Freedom of a Christian, show the doctrine of faith and grace that Erasmus was responding to.
On Free Will (De Libero Arbitrio) + Utopia
Written by Erasmus's close friend Thomas More, and first printed in 1516 with Erasmus's help; both books share the humanist Latin culture and the hope of Christian reform through learning.
On Free Will (De Libero Arbitrio) + Confessions
Augustine's account of a will bound by habit and freed by grace stands behind both Erasmus and Luther, and each claims him as an ally.
On Free Will (De Libero Arbitrio) + The Consolation of Philosophy
Boethius's fifth book on divine foreknowledge and human freedom is the classic earlier treatment of the problem Erasmus raises about necessity and prescience.
On Free Will (De Libero Arbitrio) + Summa Theologica
Aquinas's discussion of free choice and of grace gives the scholastic distinctions that Erasmus surveys and partly adopts.
Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder + Aaron v. SEC
Four years later the Court extended Hochfelder's scienter rule to SEC injunction suits under Section 10(b), while holding that parts of Section 17(a) of the 1933 Act require no intent.
Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder + United States v. O'Hagan
Justice Ginsburg cited the scienter requirement Hochfelder established as one of the safeguards that keeps the misappropriation theory within proper bounds.
Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder + SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.
Blackmun's dissent quotes the 1963 case's instruction to read securities laws flexibly rather than technically, the approach Powell declined to follow for Section 10(b).
Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder + TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.
Decided in the same term, TSC defined materiality for proxy omissions, another case in which the Court set the elements investors must prove to recover.
Essays and Aphorisms + The World as Will and Representation
The essays popularize and illustrate the system of the main work; the claims about character, compassion and the denial of the will are developed there with the full metaphysics behind them.
Essays and Aphorisms + Essays
Bacon's essays are practical counsel for ambitious men in courts; Schopenhauer borrows the essayist's worldly tone but turns counsel toward resignation and suspicion of all ambition.
Essays and Aphorisms + Pensees
Pascal also writes in fragments about human misery, diversion and self-love, but turns them toward Christian hope, which Schopenhauer replaces with Buddhist-tinged renunciation.
Essays and Aphorisms + Beyond Good and Evil
Nietzsche learned aphorism and moral psychology from Schopenhauer, then attacked his ethics of pity as a symptom of life turned against itself.
Essays and Aphorisms + Letters from a Stoic
Seneca's letters also treat suicide as a door that is always open and philosophy as a training for suffering; Schopenhauer shares the frankness but rejects Stoic confidence that virtue secures happiness.
Essays and Aphorisms + The Sickness Unto Death
Kierkegaard, publishing in 1849, also analyses despair as the deepest human condition but treats it as a spiritual sickness curable by faith, where Schopenhauer offers only quieting of the will.
Essays + Essays
Bacon took the name of the form from Montaigne but not its manner: Montaigne's essays wander and confess, while Bacon's are compressed public counsel with almost no self-portrait.
Essays + Novum Organum
Of Truth and Of Suspicion share the Novum Organum's diagnosis of how the mind deceives itself; the idols of the tribe and cave are the systematic form of the essays' observations about love of lies and unfounded fears.
Essays + The Prince
Bacon admired Machiavelli for describing what men do rather than what they ought to do, and essays such as Of Simulation and Dissimulation and Of Cunning adopt his realism while keeping a Christian frame.
Essays + Letters from a Stoic
Bacon quotes Seneca on dying from mere weariness and borrows the Stoic consolations of Of Death and Of Adversity, while warning that the Stoics made death more fearful by over-preparing for it.
Essays + Characters
Theophrastus sketches types of folly in miniature portraits; Bacon's essays on envy, vainglory and suspicion analyse the same failings as general laws of conduct rather than characters.
Essays + On Friendship
Cicero's dialogue grounds friendship in virtue among equals; Bacon's essay, more practical, values friendship for its effects on the passions, the understanding and the conduct of affairs.
Essays + On Friendship
Cicero's Laelius treats friendship as a civic bond between good men; Montaigne cites it but claims his union with La Boétie surpassed any classical model because it had no cause beyond the two persons themselves.
Essays + Pensees
Pascal read Montaigne closely and turned his scepticism into a weapon for faith: where Montaigne rests content in uncertainty, Pascal makes the same uncertainty an unbearable condition from which only grace delivers.
Essays + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Burton's encyclopedic digressions and quotation-laden prose descend from the same commonplace habit, but Burton organizes his learning to diagnose a disease while Montaigne uses his to examine one man's changing humours.
Essays + Letters from a Stoic
Seneca is Montaigne's most quoted moralist; the early essays on death and constancy borrow Senecan rehearsal of mortality that the late essays quietly abandon for a more relaxed acceptance.
Essays + Essays
Bacon adopted Montaigne's French title in 1597 but wrote compressed counsels for the ambitious, a mode of public prudence quite unlike Montaigne's leisurely private self-trial.
Essays + Meditations on First Philosophy
Descartes inherits the sceptical arguments of the 'Apology' (dreams, deceiving senses) but raises them in order to defeat them with certainty, the reverse of Montaigne's willingness to live inside doubt.
Ethics + The Passions of the Soul
Descartes explains the passions through animal spirits acting on the pineal gland and gives the will power to master them; Spinoza explicitly rejects that interaction and makes understanding, not volition, the remedy.
Ethics + Meditations on First Philosophy
Descartes's two substances, mind and body, become in Spinoza two attributes of a single substance, dissolving the interaction problem the Meditations leave behind.
Ethics + Leviathan
Hobbes's endeavour and self-preservation underlie Spinoza's conatus, but where fear of death drives Hobbes's subjects into the commonwealth, Spinoza's free man thinks of death least of all.
Ethics + Meditations
Marcus Aurelius and Spinoza both counsel acceptance of a necessary cosmic order, yet the Stoic emperor relies on disciplined assent while Spinoza grounds peace of mind in demonstrative knowledge.
Ethics + Beyond Good and Evil
Nietzsche called Spinoza a precursor in denying free will, purpose and a moral world order, though he mocked the geometrical method as the armour of a sick recluse.
Ethics + A Treatise of Human Nature
Hume, like Spinoza, studies the passions as natural phenomena and doubts reason's power to rule them alone, but he denies Spinoza's substance metaphysics and any knowledge of necessary connection.
Elements, Book I + Posterior Analytics and Physics
Aristotle's Posterior Analytics describes knowledge as demonstration from first principles that are true, primary and better known than the conclusions; Book I of the Elements is the classic example of that ideal carried out.
Elements, Book I + The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics)
Archimedes builds on Euclid's geometry but reveals the mechanical, heuristic reasoning by which he discovered results before proving them in the strict Euclidean manner.
Elements, Book I + Science and Hypothesis
Poincare argues that Euclid's axioms of geometry, and the parallel assumption in particular, are neither experimental facts nor necessary truths but conventions chosen for convenience.
Elements, Book I + Discourse on Method
Descartes says the long chains of simple reasoning used by geometers gave him the model for his method of conducting the reason in every science.
Elements, Book I + Principia
Newton cast the Principia in the form of definitions, axioms and geometrically proved propositions, so that Euclid's form became the model for mathematical physics.
Elements, Book I + The Republic
Book VII of the Republic places geometry in the education of the guardians because it draws the soul toward unchanging truth; Euclid's Elements gave later schools the textbook for that course.
Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays + The Iliad
Iphigenia in Aulis shows the gathering of the fleet before the Iliad begins, with a young, impetuous Achilles; Rhesus dramatizes Iliad X, the night raid of Odysseus and Diomedes.
Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays + The Oresteia
Aeschylus's Agamemnon recalls Iphigenia's sacrifice as the root of Clytemnestra's revenge; Euripides stages the sacrifice itself and, in Orestes, the matricide's aftermath without the Areopagus resolution.
Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays + The Trojan Women and Other Plays
Iphigenia among the Taurians, in the companion volume, continues Iphigenia's story after her rescue by Artemis; The Trojan Women shows the war's end that Aulis sets in motion.
Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays + Medea and Other Plays
Heracles's madness and Medea's deliberate killing of her children are Euripides's two great studies of a parent destroying a family, one by divine compulsion, one by choice.
Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays + The Bacchae and Other Plays
The Bacchae was produced with Iphigenia in Aulis in 405 BC; both end with a god's power over a family, and both rank among Euripides's last works.
Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays + The Odyssey
The Cyclops turns Odyssey IX into a comic satyr play, keeping the wine, the blinding and the trick of the name Noman.
The Trojan Women and Other Plays + The Iliad
Homer ends with Hector's funeral and Andromache's fear for Astyanax; The Trojan Women shows those fears fulfilled after the city falls.
The Trojan Women and Other Plays + Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays
Iphigenia in Aulis stages the sacrifice that Iphigenia in Tauris looks back on, and its Orestes and Helen continue the same family and war.
The Trojan Women and Other Plays + The Oresteia
Aeschylus ends Orestes's pursuit by the Furies at a court in Athens; Euripides sends him instead to the Taurians on a further errand from Apollo.
The Trojan Women and Other Plays + Medea and Other Plays
Medea and Hecuba are both wronged women who take revenge through children, one on her own and one on her enemy's.
The Trojan Women and Other Plays + The Bacchae and Other Plays
Both Euripides collections show gods whose purposes are only partly visible to the human beings who suffer them.
The Trojan Women and Other Plays + The Aeneid
Virgil's Book II tells the fall of Troy from a Trojan survivor's side, with Priam's death and the flight from the burning city.
Evangelium Vitae + Dignitatis Humanae
Evangelium Vitae can be compared with dignitatis-humanae to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Evangelium Vitae + The Communist Manifesto
Evangelium Vitae can be compared with the-communist-manifesto to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Everson v. Board of Education + The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
Black quotes Jefferson's 1786 statute as expressing the principles the First Amendment adopted, and Rutledge treats it as the culmination of the Virginia contest.
Everson v. Board of Education + Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention
Madison's Memorial and Remonstrance against a religious assessment is central to both the majority and Rutledge's dissent; Rutledge reprinted it in full.
Everson v. Board of Education + Pierce v. Society of Sisters
Rutledge cites the Pierce doctrine to note that parents send children to religious schools precisely for their religious instruction.
Everson v. Board of Education + Engel v. Vitale
Fifteen years later Black, again writing for the Court, applied the Establishment Clause to forbid an official prayer in New York public schools.
Everson v. Board of Education + Zelman v. Simmons-Harris
The 2002 voucher decision revisited the question of public money reaching religious schools through private choices, a line of reasoning that began with Everson's focus on benefits to children.
Ex parte Milligan + The Founding Documents
Davis rests his opinion on Article III's grant of judicial power, the habeas corpus clause of Article I, Section 9, and the jury guarantees of the Fifth and Sixth Amendments.
Ex parte Milligan + The Federalist Papers
In Federalist No. 83 and No. 84 Hamilton discusses trial by jury and the writ of habeas corpus as safeguards against arbitrary imprisonment, themes Davis develops for wartime.
Ex parte Milligan + Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer
Both cases limit presidential action claimed under wartime necessity, Milligan for military trials and Youngstown for seizure of the steel mills in 1952.
Ex parte Milligan + Korematsu v. United States
Korematsu upheld wartime military orders against civilians in 1944, a contrast often drawn with Milligan's insistence on civilian courts.
Ex parte Milligan + Magna Carta
Davis's survey of English liberty descends from Magna Carta's promise that no free man be imprisoned except by the lawful judgment of his peers or the law of the land.
Ex parte Milligan + Second Inaugural Address
Delivered in March 1865 while Milligan awaited execution, Lincoln's address looks toward peace and reconciliation, the setting in which the Court later felt able to decide calmly.
Excellent Women + Persuasion
Mildred and Anne Elliot are both overlooked women whose intelligence and sense are undervalued, though Austen rewards Anne with romance where Pym is more equivocal.
Excellent Women + Cold Comfort Farm
Flora Poste and Mildred are capable women who manage other people's lives in comic English settings.
Excellent Women + The Warden
Trollope and Pym are both gentle satirists of Church of England life and clerical politics.
Excellent Women + Mansfield Park
Fanny Price and Mildred are quiet, dutiful observers whose moral sense is tested by charming, selfish neighbours.
Fahrenheit 451 + We
Zamyatin's One State, with its glass houses and scheduled lives, is a direct ancestor of Bradbury's city, and both novels turn on a loyal citizen awakened by a woman who asks questions.
Fahrenheit 451 + Animal Farm
Orwell shows a ruling group rewriting the commandments on the barn wall; Bradbury shows a population that no longer wants the old words at all. Both make the control of written memory central to tyranny.
Fahrenheit 451 + Selected Sermons
The old woman's last words before she strikes the match are Hugh Latimer's to Nicholas Ridley at the stake in Oxford in 1555, about lighting a candle in England that would never be put out.
Fahrenheit 451 + The Tyger
Part Three takes its title from Blake's tiger burning bright, and Bradbury's fire, like Blake's, is both terrible and creative.
Fahrenheit 451 + The Republic
Plato's Socrates would censor the poets for the good of the city, and Beatty defends burning on similar grounds of public calm; Granger's exiles keep Plato's own words alive in memory.
Fahrenheit 451 + The Master and Margarita
Bulgakov's Woland insists that manuscripts do not burn, and both novels place the survival of a suppressed text beyond the reach of the fires set by the state.
Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry + Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)
The Grimms collected German household tales as a national inheritance, as Yeats did for Ireland; both books include clever-wife and enchanted-sibling stories, and The Twelve Wild Geese parallels the Grimms' tales of brothers turned to birds.
Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry + St. Patrick's Writings
Tírechán's account of Patrick and the daughters of King Laoghaire at the well, included in that collection, is the old source of a tale Yeats prints in his Saints, Priests section.
Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry + The Second Coming
Yeats's mature poem of vision and dread grows from the same interest in the unseen that led the young editor to the fairy faith of Sligo.
Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry + The Picture of Dorian Gray
Oscar Wilde was the son of Lady Wilde, whose folklore Yeats reprints; his novel of a man who trades his soul for youth echoes the soul-bargain of The Countess Kathleen O'Shea in a very different key.
Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry + Christ Legends
Lagerlöf's Swedish legends and these Irish tales both mix Christian saints with folk belief, and both include talking animals, miraculous healings and a soul that cannot be lifted from hell.
The Fall of Constantinople, 1453: Eyewitness Accounts + The Fall of Constantinople, 1453
Runciman's narrative history weaves these eyewitness accounts into a single story; reading the sources' viewpoints first shows how a modern historian chose among them.
The Fall of Constantinople, 1453: Eyewitness Accounts + The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)
Gibbon's final chapters on the siege draw on Doukas, Phrantzes (Sphrantzes) and Leonard of Chios and end his history of Rome with the death of the last Constantine.
The Fall of Constantinople, 1453: Eyewitness Accounts + Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople
The Latin capture of the city in 1204, told by a crusading leader, is the earlier conquest that weakened Byzantium and that Greek writers of 1453 still remembered.
The Fall of Constantinople, 1453: Eyewitness Accounts + Chronographia
Psellos's portraits of eleventh-century emperors show the Byzantine court at the height of its learning, four centuries before Sphrantzes recorded its end.
The Fall of Constantinople, 1453: Eyewitness Accounts + The New Roman Empire: A History of Byzantium
Kaldellis's history of Byzantium as a Roman state explains why witnesses on both sides called the defenders Romans and the sultan claimed a Roman inheritance.
The Fall of Constantinople, 1453: Eyewitness Accounts + Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire
Herrin's thematic history of the empire places the fall within a thousand years of Byzantine civilization and its legacy.
Far from the Madding Crowd + Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
Hardy's title quotes Gray's line about the 'madding crowd's ignoble strife', though his rural world proves anything but quiet.
Far from the Madding Crowd + Jude the Obscure
Hardy's last novel turns the same Wessex into a place where every marriage fails; the early pastoral ends in a patient marriage of shared work.
Far from the Madding Crowd + Silas Marner
Eliot's Raveloe and Hardy's Weatherbury both have a chorus of villagers whose talk comments on the main action.
Far from the Madding Crowd + Pride and Prejudice
Both heroines refuse a first proposal and later accept the man they misjudged, though Bathsheba's road passes through tragedy.
Far from the Madding Crowd + As You Like It
Shakespeare's pastoral of shepherds and lovers lies behind Hardy's choice of a shepherd hero wooing a proud woman.
The Chemical History of a Candle + Elements of Chemistry
Lavoisier's Elements set out the oxygen theory of combustion and the composition of water in 1789; Faraday's lectures teach the same conclusions to children seventy years later, with demonstrations instead of tables.
The Chemical History of a Candle + The Sceptical Chymist
Boyle argued for testing chemical claims by experiment rather than by the authority of elements and principles; Faraday's lecture-room shows that experimental temper fully at home.
The Chemical History of a Candle + Opticks
Newton's Opticks and Faraday's lectures both build a subject out of a sequence of experiments with simple apparatus, one in light, the other in flame.
The Chemical History of a Candle + On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)
Harvey established the circulation that carries blood through the lungs; Faraday's Lecture VI explains, in the chemistry of his day, what the blood meets there.
The Chemical History of a Candle + Walden
Thoreau and Faraday both find large lessons in close attention to ordinary things, though Thoreau's attention is contemplative and Faraday's experimental.
Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1 + The Chemical History of a Candle
The same experimenter speaks to children at the Royal Institution's Christmas lectures, with the same care to show rather than tell; the Researches are his record for fellow scientists.
Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1 + On the Magnet (De Magnete)
Gilbert's experiments with the terrella founded the study of magnetism in 1600; Faraday's Second Series uses the earth's own magnetism, which Gilbert first described, to generate currents.
Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1 + Principia
Newton's gravity acts at a distance, a point he declined to explain; Faraday's later Series argue that electric induction acts through contiguous particles of intervening matter, a step toward field theory.
Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1 + Relativity: The Special and General Theory
Einstein's special theory grew from the electrodynamics of moving bodies, including the induction between a magnet and a conductor that Faraday discovered.
Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1 + Elements of Chemistry
Lavoisier's chemistry of elements and combining weights supplies the equivalents that Faraday's Seventh Series shows to be electrochemical as well.
Farmer Boy + Little House in the Big Woods
The first book shows Laura's family scraping by in a Wisconsin log cabin while this one shows a wealthy, settled New York farm; together they give both sides of the couple the series later brings together.
Farmer Boy + Little House on the Prairie
The Ingalls family's restless move west contrasts with the Wilders' rooted prosperity, and Pa's and Father's very different ways of providing make a good pairing.
Farmer Boy + Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack
Father's lesson about the half-dollar is the farm version of Poor Richard's thrift and industry, and both books treat honest work as the road to independence.
Farmer Boy + The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Two American boyhoods of the mid-1800s: Tom tricks others into whitewashing his fence, while Almanzo takes pride in doing his own chores well.
Farmer Boy + Walden
Thoreau and Father both prize a man who raises what he eats and answers to no master, though Thoreau seeks it alone in a cabin and Father on a busy family farm.
Fathers and Sons + A Burnt-Out Case
Bazarov and Dr Colin are unbelieving physicians who treat the poor; Colin's humane persistence contrasts with Bazarov's contempt and early death.
Fathers and Sons + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Tolstoy and Turgenev both describe a man facing an unexpected death; Bazarov's courage is stoic, Ivan's acceptance spiritual.
Fathers and Sons + East of Eden
Both explore the love and misunderstanding between fathers and sons and the inheritance of values.
Fathers and Sons + White Nights
Dostoevsky's Dreamer and Turgenev's Bazarov represent opposite types of the Russian 'superfluous' or new man: one dreams, the other dissects.
Fathers and Sons + We
Zamyatin's rational state realises Bazarov's dream of a life governed by science, and finds the irrational stubbornly alive.
First Inaugural Address ("The only thing we have to fear") + Second Inaugural Address
Both inaugurals face a national ordeal and lean on Scripture, but Lincoln ventures no prediction and submits the outcome to God's purposes, while Roosevelt promises bold action and asks God to guide it.
First Inaugural Address ("The only thing we have to fear") + Pearl Harbor Address ("A Date Which Will Live in Infamy")
Roosevelt's two most famous speeches bracket his presidency's two crises; the war metaphor he used against the Depression in 1933 became literal in December 1941.
First Inaugural Address ("The only thing we have to fear") + Inaugural Address
Kennedy's 1961 inaugural shares Roosevelt's confidence and call to sacrifice, but its subject is the Cold War abroad, where Roosevelt kept foreign policy secondary to recovery at home.
First Inaugural Address ("The only thing we have to fear") + Farewell Address and Selected Letters
Washington's Farewell praises the Constitution and warns against usurped power; Roosevelt's address tests the same framework by contemplating emergency authority within it.
Fear and Trembling + The Sickness Unto Death
The later pseudonym Anti-Climacus analyses despair as a sickness of the self; Fear and Trembling describes the movement of faith from outside, while The Sickness unto Death diagnoses the condition faith overcomes.
Fear and Trembling + The Bible
Genesis 22 is the text under examination, and Kierkegaard's four retellings imitate midrashic expansion; the reading of Luke 14:26 in Problema II shows how he sets the New Testament's demands against domestic ethics.
Fear and Trembling + Pensees
Pascal's wager and his God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, not of the philosophers, anticipate Johannes's claim that faith begins where reason ends, though Pascal offers apologetic reasons that Kierkegaard deliberately withholds.
Fear and Trembling + Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
Kant's universal moral law is close to what Johannes calls 'the ethical'; Kant himself wrote that Abraham should have doubted that the command came from God, the very conclusion Problema I refuses.
Fear and Trembling + The Oresteia
Agamemnon's sacrifice of Iphigenia, recalled in Aeschylus, is Johannes's model of the tragic hero who remains inside the ethical because his community can understand the cost.
Fear and Trembling + Letters and Papers from Prison
Bonhoeffer, a close reader of Kierkegaard, faced his own conflict between obedience and conventional ethics in joining the conspiracy against Hitler, but rejected the solitary individual in favour of responsibility for others.
Against Method + The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Kuhn and Feyerabend introduced the term 'incommensurable' at about the same time; Kuhn describes normal science within paradigms, while Feyerabend denies that any method or paradigm should constrain inquiry.
Against Method + The Logic of Scientific Discovery
Feyerabend began as a follower of Popper; Against Method argues that falsification, like every other rule, would have halted great discoveries if applied strictly.
Against Method + Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)
Galileo's own Dialogue and Starry Messenger are the primary texts behind Feyerabend's case study of the tower argument and the telescope.
Against Method + Personal Knowledge
Polanyi, like Feyerabend, emphasizes the personal and tacit elements in scientific judgment, but he defends the authority of the scientific community where Feyerabend challenges it.
Against Method + Popular Scientific Lectures
Feyerabend admired Mach as a scientist-philosopher who joined historical criticism to research; both stress that concepts change with history.
Against Method + Philosophy of Natural Science
Hempel gives a clear account of the confirmation and testing of hypotheses, the kind of methodology Feyerabend sets out to criticize.
Fides et Ratio + Regensburg Lecture
Fides et Ratio can be compared with regensburg-lecture to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Fides et Ratio + The Republic
Fides et Ratio can be compared with the-republic to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling + Don Quixote
Fielding called himself an imitator of Cervantes; both send a hero and a talkative companion along roads and through inns, mixing adventure with commentary on books.
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling + The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman
Both novels put a chatty narrator in the foreground, but Fielding's digressions frame a tightly plotted story, while Sterne's swallow the story itself.
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling + Hamlet
In Book XVI Partridge watches Hamlet and is terrified by the Ghost, mistaking Garrick's art for nature and praising the king as the best player.
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling + The Odyssey
Fielding's comic epic in prose borrows the epic's division into books and its long journey home, with Sophia and Paradise Hall as the goal of the wanderer.
First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC + On Computable Numbers and Computing Machinery
Turing defines effective computation abstractly, while von Neumann turns programmable computation into a concrete engineering architecture.
First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC + A Mathematical Theory of Communication
Shannon formalizes information in channels; the EDVAC draft formalizes how a machine can hold and act on symbolic instructions.
First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC + Destruction and Creation and the OODA Loop Briefings
Boyd's cycles of orientation and action later depend on the same control-language that the EDVAC report helped naturalize in technical culture.
First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC + A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity
McCulloch and Pitts model neural logic, whereas von Neumann describes a centralized machine whose organs borrow biological names without copying brain tissue.
Five Children and It + The Railway Children
Nesbit's other famous family story, written four years later, keeps the same lively siblings and absent father but replaces magic with real hardship and the kindness of strangers.
Five Children and It + The Magician's Nephew
Lewis begins in the London of Nesbit's Bastables and, like Nesbit, sends quarrelsome, ordinary children into magic that has strict rules and serious consequences, though his magic opens on to creation and redemption.
Five Children and It + The Arabian Nights Entertainments
The Psammead is a grumbling cousin of the genies of the Nights; Nesbit's narrator compares the misty valley to the Arabian Nights, and her comedy depends on readers knowing how wishes work in such tales.
Five Children and It + The Last of the Mohicans
Cyril's reading of Cooper's novel produces the war party of Chapter 10, a comic example of how children's heads were filled with frontier romance.
Five Children and It + Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)
Both Edwardian fantasies give children the power to fly, and both end with magic withdrawn and the children safely home; Barrie's is wistful about growing up, while Nesbit's wish to make the Lamb grow up is played for comedy.
Fletcher v. Peck + Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward
The Dartmouth College case carried the Yazoo reasoning from land grants to a corporate charter, holding that New Hampshire could not rewrite the terms on which a private college had been founded.
Fletcher v. Peck + Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
Under Chief Justice Taney the Court in 1837 refused to read implied exclusive rights into a state charter, a narrower view of public grants than the one Marshall adopted for Georgia's land sale.
Fletcher v. Peck + Worcester v. Georgia
Fletcher's brief treatment of Indian title as compatible with Georgia's seisin returns at length in Worcester, where Marshall describes the Cherokee as a distinct political community under federal treaties.
Fletcher v. Peck + The Federalist Papers
Madison's Federalist No. 44 defended the Constitution's ban on laws impairing contracts as a guard against fluctuating state legislation, the purpose the Court invoked against Georgia's rescinding act.
Fletcher v. Peck + The Founding Documents
The decision turns on Article I, Section 10, which forbids any state to pass a bill of attainder, an ex post facto law, or a law impairing the obligation of contracts.
On Formally Undecidable Propositions + On Computable Numbers and Computing Machinery
Turing gives undecidability a machine form, while Godel exposes limitation through arithmetized proof and self-reference.
On Formally Undecidable Propositions + An Investigation of the Laws of Thought
Boole's algebra shows logic's formal power; Godel shows that formal systems powerful enough for arithmetic cannot exhaust mathematical truth.
On Formally Undecidable Propositions + Destruction and Creation and the OODA Loop Briefings
Boyd borrowed from formal and physical limits to describe how conceptual systems break and rebuild under pressure.
On Formally Undecidable Propositions + Critique of Pure Reason
Kant investigates the bounds of reason philosophically; Godel discovers a technical boundary inside formalized mathematics.
Fragments + Meditations
Marcus Aurelius cites Heraclitus repeatedly; Stoic physics of fire and logos and the meditations on flux owe much to him.
Fragments + Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII
Plato's theory of Forms was partly a response to Heraclitean flux, which Plato knew through Cratylus.
Fragments + The Bhagavad Gita
Both teach equanimity before the play of opposites and a cosmic order beyond individual fortune.
Fragments + The Histories
Herodotus wrote of the same Ionian world a generation later and shares an interest in reversals and the instability of fortune.
Fragments + The Waves
Woolf's novel of flowing consciousness and the sea's rhythms is often read as a modernist meditation on Heraclitean flux and identity.
Frankenstein + The Vampyre
Polidori's tale came from the same 1816 Villa Diodati ghost-story challenge; both turn Romantic figures into monsters, but Polidori's predator is aristocratic and seductive where Shelley's is abandoned and articulate.
Frankenstein + Dracula
Both are epistolary Gothic novels anchored by doctors and scientists; Stoker's medicine (Seward's asylum, Van Helsing's transfusions) defeats the monster, while Shelley's science creates it.
Frankenstein + The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives
The creature learns ideals of public virtue from Plutarch's Lives; comparing Plutarch's heroes with the creature's self-education shows how reading shapes moral identity.
Frankenstein + Wuthering Heights
Heathcliff and the creature are both outsiders raised into resentment by rejection, whose revenge consumes the families that excluded them.
Frankenstein + Metamorphoses
Ovid's Prometheus shaping humanity from clay and his tale of Pygmalion frame the ancient myths of creation and animation that Shelley's subtitle evokes.
Frankenstein + Paradise Lost (John Milton)
The creature reads Milton and casts himself as both Adam and Satan; the 1818 title page quotes Adam's complaint to his Maker.
Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack + The Founding Documents
Franklin's practical civic habits complement the founding documents' institutional language.
Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack + The Principles of Psychology
Franklin's habit tracking anticipates later psychological interest in habit, attention, and self-regulation.
Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack + Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind
Franklin's civic improvement and Rush's medical reform both belong to Philadelphia Enlightenment institution-building.
The Golden Bough (abridged edition) + The Waste Land
Eliot's notes name Frazer's volumes on Adonis, Attis and Osiris as a source, and the poem's drowned god, dry land and Fisher King draw on Frazer's vegetation myths.
The Golden Bough (abridged edition) + The Aeneid
Frazer takes his title from the golden bough Aeneas must pluck in Book VI before entering the underworld, and ends by identifying it with mistletoe.
The Golden Bough (abridged edition) + Metamorphoses
Ovid's tales of Adonis, Attis, Hippolytus-Virbius and Persephone are among Frazer's classical sources; Ovid tells them as stories where Frazer reads them as rituals.
The Golden Bough (abridged edition) + The Varieties of Religious Experience
William James studies religion through individual experience and its fruits, while Frazer studies it through collective custom and its supposed origins.
The Golden Bough (abridged edition) + The Descent of Man
Darwin's account of human development supplied the evolutionary framework within which Frazer arranged magic, religion and science as stages.
Freedom and the Law + Commentaries on the Laws of England
Blackstone describes the common law as immemorial custom declared by judges, the model of discovered law that Leoni contrasts with modern statute; both treat the judge as the oracle rather than the maker of law.
Freedom and the Law + Magna Carta
The charter's promise that no free man shall be punished except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land expresses the older idea, central to Leoni, that rulers are bound by law they did not make.
Freedom and the Law + The Spirit of the Laws
Montesquieu, like Leoni, studies law comparatively and argues that liberty depends on the security of the citizen under settled rules rather than on the will of a single power.
Freedom and the Law + The Wealth of Nations
Smith's account of the division of labour and of the knowledge spread through a market underlies the comparison Leoni draws between legislation and central planning.
Freedom and the Law + The Federalist Papers
Madison in Federalist No. 62 worries that laws so voluminous and so often changed cannot be known or relied on, a concern Leoni develops into his account of long-run certainty.
Mark Antony's Funeral Oration ("Friends, Romans, countrymen") + Julius Caesar
The oration's meaning depends on the whole play: Brutus's idealism that allowed Antony to speak, and the civil war that follows from the crowd Antony arouses.
Mark Antony's Funeral Oration ("Friends, Romans, countrymen") + Pericles' Funeral Oration
Both are funeral speeches before a whole city, but Pericles praises the dead to steady Athens in war, while Antony praises Caesar while denying it, to unsettle Rome.
Mark Antony's Funeral Oration ("Friends, Romans, countrymen") + The St Crispin's Day Speech
Shakespeare's two most famous orations: Henry rouses an army to unity and courage, Antony rouses a crowd to fury, and both show the playwright's command of a listening audience.
Mark Antony's Funeral Oration ("Friends, Romans, countrymen") + First Oration Against Catiline
A real Roman oration from twenty years earlier, in which Cicero openly accuses a conspirator, offers a contrast to Antony's indirect method of accusing Caesar's killers.
Frog and Toad Are Friends + Little Bear
The first I Can Read book, four short stories built on the same plain sentences and repetition; Little Bear rests on a child's trust in his mother, while Frog and Toad rests on two equals who look after each other.
Frog and Toad Are Friends + The Wind in the Willows
Grahame's river-bank friends, Mole, Rat and the vain Mr. Toad, are an older picture of animal friendship; Lobel's Toad shares the name and some touchiness, but his heart is gentle and his adventures are tiny.
Frog and Toad Are Friends + Winnie-the-Pooh
Pooh and Piglet, like Frog and Toad, are a pair of friends of different temperaments whose small worries and kindnesses make up the whole plot of each chapter.
Frog and Toad Are Friends + Charlotte's Web
Charlotte writes words to help Wilbur, and Frog writes a letter to cheer Toad; both books show a friend using written words as a gift.
Frog and Toad Are Friends + Owl at Home
Lobel's later I Can Read book about a creature who lives alone; Owl's solitary misadventures set off how much Frog and Toad depend on each other.
Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval + The Road Not Taken
The library's separate record for the poem that opens Mountain Interval; this collection shows it in its original place as an italic prologue to a book of rural lives.
Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval + Walden
Thoreau's account of living by Walden Pond shares Frost's New England ground and his attention to labor, solitude and the meaning of the woods, though Thoreau argues in prose where Frost dramatizes.
Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval + Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey
Wordsworth's blank-verse meditation on a revisited landscape lies behind Frost's conversational blank verse in Birches and North of Boston, but Frost keeps a farmer's skepticism toward nature's consolations.
Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval + Poems: First, Second and Third Series
Two New England poets of nature and death: Dickinson's compressed hymn-meter lyrics against Frost's spoken blank verse and narrative dialogues.
Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval + The Complete Poems
Whitman's open, expansive free verse is the American alternative Frost rejected when he said writing free verse was like playing tennis with the net down; the comparison shows two ways of voicing ordinary American life.
Galen: Selected Works + Hippocratic Writings
Galen treats Hippocrates as master and source, but expands Hippocratic medicine into a far more systematic physiology.
Galen: Selected Works + De Materia Medica
Dioscorides catalogs drugs; Galen integrates materia medica into broader theories of qualities, mixtures and individualized therapy.
Galen: Selected Works + Meditations
Galen served the world of Marcus Aurelius, and both men imagine discipline as bodily and moral practice.
Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day) + On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
The Letter defends the Copernican system that Copernicus set out in 1543, and the moons of Jupiter answer one objection to a moving Earth.
Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day) + Almagest
The geocentric system Galileo's discoveries challenged; the phases of Venus and the moons of Jupiter did not fit Ptolemy's arrangement of the planets.
Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day) + New Astronomy and The Harmony of the World
Kepler, Galileo's contemporary and correspondent, welcomed The Starry Messenger and gave Copernicanism elliptical orbits that Galileo never adopted.
Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day) + Posterior Analytics and Physics
Simplicio defends Aristotle's account of falling bodies and the impossibility of a vacuum from the Physics; the First Day answers both.
Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day) + Principia
Newton built on Galileo's law of fall and treatment of motion, uniting terrestrial mechanics with the heavens Galileo had observed.
Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day) + The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Kuhn treats the Copernican change and Galileo's pendulum as classic cases of a shift in how scientists see their problems.
The Gettysburg Address + Pericles' Funeral Oration
Both are state funeral speeches for war dead that turn from praising the fallen to defining the city or nation they died for and charging the living to be worthy of them.
The Gettysburg Address + Second Inaugural Address
Sixteen months later Lincoln again compressed the war's meaning into a short text, but where Gettysburg resolves to finish the work, the Second Inaugural ponders God's judgment and asks for malice toward none.
The Gettysburg Address + The Founding Documents
Lincoln's opening sentence dates the nation from the Declaration of Independence and restates its central self-evident truth as the proposition on trial at Gettysburg.
The Gettysburg Address + O Captain! My Captain!
Whitman's elegy of 1865 mourns the speaker of the Gettysburg Address, completing the passage from his honoring of the war dead to the nation's mourning for him.
Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali) + Confessions
Augustine and Ghazali both tell of a brilliant teacher of rhetoric or law who doubts, examines the philosophers, struggles to leave a public career, and finds rest in God; Augustine's garden scene in Book VIII and Ghazali's six months of wavering make a close pair.
Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali) + Meditations on First Philosophy
Descartes' First Meditation doubts the senses and raises the dream argument much as Ghazali does; Descartes rebuilds certainty from the thinking self, Ghazali from God's light in the heart.
Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali) + Pensees
Pascal's claim that the heart has reasons which reason does not know echoes Ghazali's account of a certainty given by God and confirmed by experience rather than by demonstration.
Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali) + The Varieties of Religious Experience
William James quotes the Munqidh in his lectures on mysticism as testimony that mystical states are known by experience and not by definition.
Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali) + The Canon of Medicine, Book I
Ibn Sina is both the physician of the Canon and the philosopher whose metaphysics Ghazali rejects on three points; reading both shows how one mind could be revered in medicine and contested in theology.
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections) + The Histories, Book VI
The General Observations open by praising the Greek historian who explained Rome's rise through its mixed constitution and its army; Gibbon begins his account of the fall exactly where Polybius's account of the rise ends.
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections) + The Annals of Imperial Rome
Tacitus is Gibbon's chief model and source for the early emperors; his picture of a Senate flattering Tiberius under republican names lies behind Chapter III's definition of the principate.
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections) + City of God
Augustine wrote after the sack of 410 to answer the charge that Christianity had ruined Rome; Gibbon revives a version of that charge in the General Observations, and the two works make a natural debate.
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections) + The Roman History
The last great Latin historian of Rome, whom Gibbon calls an accurate and faithful guide for the fourth century, wrote from inside the decline that Gibbon later described from outside.
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections) + The Fall of Constantinople, 1453: Eyewitness Accounts
Chapter LXVIII rests on Phranza (Sphrantzes), Ducas and Leonard of Chios; reading those witnesses beside Gibbon shows how he selected and shaped their testimony.
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections) + The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians
A modern historian who, after decades of emphasis on transformation, argues again that the western empire fell under outside pressure, a debate in which Gibbon's General Observations remain a starting point.
Gibbons v. Ogden + Wickard v. Filburn
Justice Jackson's 1942 opinion began from Marshall's broad description of the commerce power before upholding federal limits on wheat grown for use on a single farm, a far reach of the 1824 definition.
Gibbons v. Ogden + McCulloch v. Maryland
Both opinions reject strict construction of federal powers and invoke the Supremacy Clause against a state law; McCulloch concerns implied powers, Gibbons an enumerated one.
Gibbons v. Ogden + The Articles of Confederation
The Articles gave Congress no power to regulate trade among the states, a defect the commerce clause was written to cure and Marshall's opinion recalls.
Gibbons v. Ogden + The Federalist Papers
Federalist Nos. 11 and 22 urged a national power over commerce to prevent the states' competing trade regulations, the problem the steamboat monopoly had revived.
Gibbons v. Ogden + The Anti-Federalist Papers
Anti-Federalist writers feared that general grants of power would draw internal affairs into the national government, the concern Ogden's counsel pressed and Marshall answered by reserving completely internal commerce to the states.
Gideon v. Wainwright + The Founding Documents
The Sixth Amendment's promise of the assistance of counsel for his defence is the text Black interprets, applied to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause.
Gideon v. Wainwright + Magna Carta
Magna Carta's promise that justice will not be sold, denied or delayed stands behind Black's insistence that a poor man should not face his accusers without a lawyer.
Gideon v. Wainwright + Commentaries on the Laws of England
Blackstone notes that English law of his day denied counsel to felony defendants on matters of fact, a rule American states began rejecting even before the Sixth Amendment.
Gideon v. Wainwright + Mapp v. Ohio
Like Mapp two years earlier, Gideon overruled a recent precedent to apply a federal criminal-procedure guarantee to state courts.
Gideon v. Wainwright + Miranda v. Arizona
Miranda relied on Gideon to require that a suspect who cannot afford a lawyer be told one will be appointed before police questioning.
Gideon v. Wainwright + The Federalist Papers
Hamilton's Federalist No. 84 argued that a bill of rights was unnecessary; Gideon shows the later Court treating one of those rights as fundamental against the states as well.
On the Magnet (De Magnete) + Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)
Galileo admired Gilbert's experiments and his support for the earth's motion, while wishing he had been more mathematical; both join experiment to the Copernican debate.
On the Magnet (De Magnete) + Novum Organum
Bacon cites Gilbert's experiments repeatedly but criticizes him for building a general philosophy on one subject; reading the two together shows two early visions of experimental science.
On the Magnet (De Magnete) + On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
Book VI defends the earth's daily rotation, and Gilbert offers a physical, magnetic cause for a motion Copernicus had argued for on astronomical grounds.
On the Magnet (De Magnete) + New Astronomy and The Harmony of the World
Kepler took Gilbert's magnetic earth as a model for a force by which the sun moves the planets, carrying Gilbert's ideas into celestial physics.
On the Magnet (De Magnete) + On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)
Harvey, a younger fellow of the same College of Physicians, also built a new doctrine on repeated observation and experiment; the two books show London physicians reshaping natural knowledge.
Gitlow v. New York + Schenck v. United States
Sanford limits the Schenck test to statutes that do not name forbidden speech, while Holmes in dissent applies his own 1919 formula to the Manifesto.
Gitlow v. New York + Near v. Minnesota
Six years later Chief Justice Hughes relied on the Gitlow assumption to hold a state law invalid as a prior restraint on the press, and the Near dissent objected to that extension.
Gitlow v. New York + Barron v. Baltimore
Marshall's 1833 holding that the Bill of Rights binds only the national government is the background against which Gitlow's assumption about the Fourteenth Amendment marks a turn.
Gitlow v. New York + The Communist Manifesto
The Left Wing Manifesto drew on the doctrine of class struggle and proletarian dictatorship that Marx and Engels set out in 1848, which Holmes refers to as the beliefs expressed in proletarian dictatorship.
Gitlow v. New York + On Liberty
Mill's argument that even false opinions must be heard so that truth may be tested underlies Holmes's confidence that ideas should be given their chance.
Gitlow v. New York + The Founding Documents
The First Amendment's command that Congress shall make no law abridging freedom of speech is the text the Court here carries, by assumption, into the Fourteenth Amendment.
Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death + Common Sense, Rights of Man, The Age of Reason, and The American Crisis
Paine's Common Sense, published ten months later, makes in print the case Henry made aloud: that reconciliation is a delusion and that the time for petitions has passed.
Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death + Paul Revere's Ride
Longfellow's poem tells of the night of 18-19 April 1775, when the war Henry said was already begun broke out at Lexington and Concord.
Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death + The Anti-Federalist Papers
Henry's later opposition to the Constitution in 1788 grew from the same suspicion of distant power and devotion to liberty that drives this speech.
Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death + Pericles' Funeral Oration
Both speeches tie a people's freedom to its readiness to fight, though Pericles honors those already fallen while Henry urges men toward a war not yet declared.
God's Grandeur + Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey
Wordsworth senses a presence that rolls through all things, while Hopkins names that presence as the Holy Ghost; both poems set the deep life of nature against the din of towns and cities.
God's Grandeur + The Tyger
Blake and Hopkins both face creation with hammering stresses and questions, but Blake's poem asks what hand could frame the tiger, whereas Hopkins's poem already knows whose grandeur charges the world.
God's Grandeur + The Bible
Psalm 19 and Romans 1:20 teach that the heavens declare God's glory and that His invisible power is seen in the things He made, the claim of Hopkins's first line; Genesis 1:2 supplies the Spirit moving over the waters behind his final image.
God's Grandeur + Paradise Lost
Milton's opening invocation pictures the Spirit sitting dove-like and brooding on the vast abyss at creation, the same scriptural image Hopkins renews in his last two lines.
Faust, Part One + Doctor Faustus (Christopher Marlowe)
Marlowe's Faustus sells his soul for a fixed term and is dragged to hell; Goethe replaces the contract with a wager on restlessness and ends Part One with Gretchen saved and Faust's fate undecided.
Faust, Part One + The Bible
The Prologue in Heaven follows the opening of the Book of Job, where the Accuser receives leave to test a righteous man, and Faust's struggle with John 1:1 brings the Gospel into the study scene.
Faust, Part One + Paradise Lost
Milton's Satan and Goethe's Mephistopheles are both tempters given brilliant speeches, but Milton's is grand and wounded while Goethe's is ironic and comic.
Faust, Part One + The Master and Margarita
Bulgakov takes his epigraph from Mephistopheles' claim to be part of the power that wills evil and works good, and builds a devil's visit to Moscow on that idea.
Faust, Part One + Frankenstein
Victor Frankenstein, like Faust, is a scholar who reaches past the limits of natural knowledge, and those he loves pay for his ambition.
Faust, Part One + The Divine Comedy
Gretchen's prayer and the closing promise of her salvation anticipate the role Dante gives Beatrice, a beloved woman through whom grace reaches the wandering hero, which Goethe completes at the end of Part Two.
The Golden Legend: Popular Saints + Early Christian Lives
Early Christian Lives keeps closer to late antique ascetic biography, while this Golden Legend selection shows how medieval preaching reshaped saints into feast-day exempla and patronage stories.
The Golden Legend: Popular Saints + The Bible
Jude, Joseph, and Mary Magdalene begin in sparse biblical notices; the Golden Legend demonstrates how later devotion fills narrative gaps around brief scriptural figures.
The Golden Legend: Popular Saints + A Christmas Carol
Dickens secularizes Christmas through charity, memory, and domestic feeling, whereas Nicholas traditions show an older saintly gift economy later absorbed into the modern holiday.
The Golden Legend: Popular Saints + Troilus and Criseyde
Chaucer's courtly love world helps explain why Valentine becomes a romance saint; the Golden Legend itself offers a martyr, not a lover.
The Golden Legend: Popular Saints + The History of the Church
Eusebius writes institutional Christian history before the medieval cult of saints matures; reading him beside Jacobus clarifies the shift from persecution memory to miracle-rich patronage.
The Golden Legend: Popular Saints + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Burton's encyclopedic handling of fear, despair, and remedies belongs to learned early modern medicine; the Golden Legend preserves a devotional map of bodily and spiritual dangers.
Pax Romana: War, Peace and Conquest in the Roman World + The Agricola and the Germania
Tacitus's speech for the Caledonian leader Calgacus, with its charge that Romans make a desolation and call it peace, is the most famous ancient criticism of the Roman peace and a touchstone in Goldsworthy's discussion.
Pax Romana: War, Peace and Conquest in the Roman World + The Histories
The Batavian revolt and Cerialis's speech at Trier in Histories IV give an ancient version of Goldsworthy's argument that Roman rule meant troops, pay and taxes in return for peace among the tribes.
Pax Romana: War, Peace and Conquest in the Roman World + The Histories, Book VI
Polybius, a Greek hostage who watched Rome conquer the Mediterranean, explains Roman success by its constitution and army, a primary source for Goldsworthy's Republican chapters.
Pax Romana: War, Peace and Conquest in the Roman World + The Jewish War
Josephus's account of the revolt of 66-74 is the fullest ancient narrative of a provincial rebellion and of Roman methods of suppressing it, the major exception to the pattern of fading resistance.
Pax Romana: War, Peace and Conquest in the Roman World + Rome: An Empire's Story
Greg Woolf's history of Rome as an empire treats the same long story with more attention to economics, ecology and cultural change, a useful contrast to Goldsworthy's military and political emphasis.
Pax Romana: War, Peace and Conquest in the Roman World + The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire
Kyle Harper explains the end of the Roman peace through climate and pandemic disease, giving a different set of causes from the military and political ones Goldsworthy stresses.
Gonzales v. Raich + Wickard v. Filburn
Stevens calls the parallels with Filburn's home-consumed wheat striking and rests the decision on Wickard's aggregation principle.
Gonzales v. Raich + McCulloch v. Maryland
Scalia's reliance on the Necessary and Proper Clause and Thomas's argument that the ban is not a proper means both return to Marshall's 1819 test.
Gonzales v. Raich + Gibbons v. Ogden
Thomas's understanding of commerce among the several states draws on the founding-era meaning that Marshall first defined for the Court in 1824.
Gonzales v. Raich + National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
Seven years later the Chief Justice's opinion drew a line between regulating existing activity, as in Raich, and compelling people to enter commerce.
Gonzales v. Raich + Linder v. United States
Linder (1925) limited federal power over a physician's medical judgment under the Harrison Act; Raich addresses federal power over medical use authorized by a state.
Gonzales v. Raich + The Federalist Papers
Madison's assurance in Federalist No. 45 that federal powers are few and defined is the vision O'Connor and Thomas invoke against the majority.
Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners + The Pilgrim's Progress
Bunyan's allegory turns the experiences of Grace Abounding into a journey: the despair of §§132-228 becomes Doubting Castle and Giant Despair, and the relief of §229 becomes Christian's burden falling off at the cross.
Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners + Confessions
Augustine's Confessions is the ancient model of a conversion narrative addressed to God and to readers; both men hear a voice at a decisive moment, Augustine's take up and read in a Milan garden, Bunyan's in the middle of a Sunday game.
Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners + The Journal of John Woolman
Woolman's Quaker journal is another plain-style account of conscience by a tradesman, but its turning points concern outward duties, above all slavery, where Bunyan's are inward struggles for assurance.
Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners + Apologia Pro Vita Sua
Newman also traces the history of his religious opinions under public pressure; reading the two shows how differently a learned Oxford churchman and a self-taught Baptist tinker describe the movement of conscience.
Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners + Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life
Lewis's account of his conversion shares Bunyan's attention to the inward story behind outward events, though Lewis moves through reason and longing where Bunyan moves through terror and promise.
Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners + The Story of a Soul
Thérèse of Lisieux also writes her spiritual life under obedience for her religious community and describes a late trial of darkness; the Carmelite and the Puritan offer two traditions' pictures of trust.
Grasshopper on the Road + Aesop's Fables
Aesop's grasshopper idles all summer and must beg from the busy ants; Lobel's grasshopper meets one busy creature after another and is right to keep his own unhurried pace, a reversal of the old fable's moral.
Grasshopper on the Road + Frog and Toad Are Friends
Lobel's first Frog and Toad book uses the same form of five short easy-reader stories, but where the Frog and Toad stories turn on one friendship, Grasshopper meets a new stranger in each chapter and travels alone.
Grasshopper on the Road + Owl at Home
Owl, who stays at home and is muddled by the winter wind and his own tear-water tea, is the stay-at-home opposite of Grasshopper, who walks off into the world and is never muddled by it.
Grasshopper on the Road + Mouse Soup
Published the year before, Mouse Soup also strings short stories on a frame, but Mouse tells tales to save his life while Grasshopper simply lives the episodes of his walk.
Grasshopper on the Road + The Pilgrim's Progress
Both books send a traveler down a road where each person he meets embodies one way of life; Bunyan's figures are named for their vices and virtues, and Lobel's insects carry theirs in their habits.
Great Expectations + David Copperfield
Dickens's earlier first-person novel of a boy's growth is warmer and more autobiographical; Pip's story is darker and more critical of its narrator.
Great Expectations + Silas Marner
Published the same year, Eliot's novel also turns on a hidden parentage and a humble adoptive father whose love counts for more than wealth.
Great Expectations + A Christmas Carol
Both begin at Christmas and turn on the conversion of a hardened heart, Scrooge's in a night and Pip's over years.
Great Expectations + The Count of Monte Cristo
Both novels involve a secret fortune from a wronged man's long exile and a plan carried out through others, but Dumas follows the avenger while Dickens follows the beneficiary.
Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales) + Fairy Tales (Selection)
Andersen began by retelling Danish folk tales but soon invented his own literary fairy tales, often sadder and more personal; the Grimms present their stories as gathered tradition with brisk endings of reward and punishment.
Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales) + Aesop's Fables
The Grimms' animal tales, such as Cat and Mouse in Partnership and The Dog and the Sparrow, share the fable's talking beasts and plain moral, though they are told as longer stories.
Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales) + The Arabian Nights Entertainments
Both collections gather tales of magic objects, clever heroes and sudden reversals of fortune, and both reached English children in selected and retold editions.
Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales) + Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry
Yeats's 1888 anthology does for Irish lore what the Grimms did for German, collecting changelings, merrows and banshees from earlier recorders as a national inheritance.
Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales) + On Fairy-Stories
Tolkien's essay uses the Grimms' tales, including The Juniper Tree (here The Almond Tree), to argue that fairy stories offer recovery, escape and consolation, and that their happy endings echo the Gospel.
Griswold v. Connecticut + Roe v. Wade
Eight years later Justice Blackmun relied on the right of privacy recognized in Griswold, among other sources, in striking down Texas's abortion laws.
Griswold v. Connecticut + Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
In overruling Roe, the Court adopted a history-and-tradition test and stated that its holding did not cast doubt on Griswold, a statement debated among the separate opinions.
Griswold v. Connecticut + Lochner v. New York
Douglas disclaimed Lochner's method, while Black and Stewart argued that protecting unnamed rights repeated its error under a different label.
Griswold v. Connecticut + Pierce v. Society of Sisters
Douglas cites Pierce, which protected parents' choice of schools, as an example of a liberty the Court has recognized though the Constitution does not name it.
Griswold v. Connecticut + Buck v. Bell
In 1927 the Court deferred to a state's control over reproduction; in 1965 it protected married couples' decisions against state law.
Griswold v. Connecticut + The Federalist Papers
Hamilton's argument in No. 84 that a bill of rights might imply that unlisted rights were surrendered is the concern the Ninth Amendment answered, central to Goldberg's concurrence.
The Rights of War and Peace (Book I) + On Duties (De Officiis)
Grotius's definitions of war and his rules of good faith with enemies draw directly on Cicero's On Duties, which he quotes at the start of both chapters I and II.
The Rights of War and Peace (Book I) + City of God
Augustine's teaching that war seeks peace and that rulers bear the sword as God's ministers is a source for Grotius's chapter II on war and the Gospel.
The Rights of War and Peace (Book I) + Summa Theologica
Aquinas's conditions for a just war (sovereign authority, just cause, right intention) underlie Grotius's insistence in chapter III that public war requires sovereign power.
The Rights of War and Peace (Book I) + Leviathan
Hobbes, writing a generation later, also grounds law in self-preservation and defines sovereignty by its finality, but treats the state of nature as war rather than as a society governed by natural law.
The Rights of War and Peace (Book I) + Perpetual Peace
Kant names Grotius among the 'sorry comforters' whose law of nations had never restrained a state, and proposes instead a federation aimed at ending war.
The Rights of War and Peace (Book I) + On War
Clausewitz analyses war as an instrument of policy rather than a matter of right, the opposite starting point from Grotius's legal inquiry.
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals + Critique of Pure Reason
The first Critique limits theoretical knowledge to make room for faith and freedom; the Groundwork's Third Section relies on that critical distinction between phenomena and things in themselves to explain how a free will is thinkable.
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals + Utilitarianism
Mill quotes the formula of universal law and argues that Kant's examples secretly depend on consequences; the two books frame the standard opposition between duty-based and outcome-based ethics.
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals + The Nicomachean Ethics
Aristotle praises the person who takes pleasure in virtuous action; Kant suspects pleasure as a motive and locates worth in duty, making the role of emotion the clearest dividing line between the two.
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals + A Treatise of Human Nature
Hume's claim that reason is the slave of the passions is exactly what Kant denies; the Groundwork's notion of pure practical reason is an answer to Humean sentimentalism.
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals + Fear and Trembling
Kierkegaard's 'ethical as the universal' closely resembles Kant's moral law, and Abraham's willingness to kill Isaac is the case the universal-law test cannot accommodate.
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals + The Social Contract
Rousseau's idea that obedience to a law one prescribes to oneself is freedom is widely seen as the political source of Kant's concept of autonomy.
Gulliver's Travels + Candide: Or Optimism
Both are philosophical satires in the form of travel, with a naïve hero, a utopia (Houyhnhnmland, El Dorado) and an ambiguous ending.
Gulliver's Travels + Persian Letters
Both use the device of an outsider's perspective to defamiliarise European customs.
Gulliver's Travels + Black Beauty
Swift's rational horses judge humans; Sewell's horse narrates human cruelty from below. Both make horses the moral observers of men.
Gulliver's Travels + We
Laputa and the Houyhnhnms anticipate Zamyatin's dystopia of reason and its suppression of feeling.
Gulliver's Travels + The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket
Poe exploits the same tradition of the fabricated voyage narrative that Swift parodies.
Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank + The Wealth of Nations
The Report on Manufactures borrows Smith's account of the division of labour while arguing, against Smith's preference for leaving industry to its natural course, that a young country should encourage manufactures by duties and bounties.
Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank + The Federalist Papers
Hamilton's Federalist essays on taxation and the necessary and proper clause (especially Nos. 30-36 and 33) anticipate the argument of the Opinion on the Bank.
Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank + Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible
Jefferson's own opinion against the bank and his agrarian vision in Notes on the State of Virginia are the positions Hamilton's opinion and Report on Manufactures answer.
Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank + Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention
Madison, Hamilton's collaborator on The Federalist, led the House opposition to discrimination-free funding and to the bank, so the two former allies read the same Constitution differently.
Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank + The Founding Documents
The Opinion on the Bank is an extended commentary on Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, especially the taxing, borrowing and commerce powers and the necessary and proper clause.
Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank + Farewell Address and Selected Letters
Washington's Farewell Address, drafted with Hamilton's help, urges the cherishing of public credit and the avoidance of needless debt, echoing the First Report.
Hamlet + Macbeth
Macbeth acts on a supernatural prompting too quickly and is destroyed by guilt; Hamlet hesitates and tests the Ghost.
Hamlet + The Oresteia
Orestes must avenge a murdered father on a parent; Aeschylus ends with a court of justice, Shakespeare with providence and death.
Hamlet + King Lear
Both tragedies probe madness, real and feigned, and the bonds between parents and children.
Hamlet + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Burton's encyclopedia of melancholy, published two decades later, describes the scholarly sadness Hamlet displays.
Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates + Heidi
Both books, written a few years apart, carry readers to a European country through a poor child's devotion to family, and both include a doctor who becomes a friend of the household.
Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates + Little Women
Published three years later, Little Women also shows a household holding together through poverty and a father's absence, with a mother as its steady centre.
Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates + Little Lord Fauntleroy
Both stories set a good-hearted child among rich and proud people and let kindness soften a gruff old man: Dr. Boekman here, the Earl there.
Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates + The Railway Children
In both books children of a struggling household help bring a lost father home, and an old gentleman of standing becomes their friend.
Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates + Pollyanna
Both books turn on an injury and a hoped-for cure; Pollyanna's cheerfulness and Hans's quiet hard work are two ways of meeting trouble.
Hard Times + Utilitarianism
Mill's 1861 essay defends the greatest-happiness principle and insists that higher pleasures of intellect and feeling count, an answer in part to the kind of narrow calculation Dickens satirizes in Gradgrind.
Hard Times + Bleak House
Written just before Hard Times, Bleak House attacks a slow, wasteful institution in Chancery, whereas Hard Times attacks a brisk, efficient philosophy; both make a neglected poor man's death the moral center.
Hard Times + Oliver Twist
Mr. Bumble's workhouse board and Gradgrind's model school both claim to improve the poor by system; Oliver and Sissy both survive by a goodness the systems cannot account for.
Hard Times + A Christmas Carol
Scrooge's talk of decreasing the surplus population and Gradgrind's statistics both apply cold economic reasoning to human needs, and both men are changed by a crisis that shows them what they have missed.
Hard Times + The Wealth of Nations
Smith's account of the division of labor and self-interest underlies the political economy of Coketown, though Smith himself also wrote of the dulling effect of repetitive work on the laborer's mind.
Hard Times + Great Expectations
Bounderby's invented story of rising from a ditch and Pip's shame at his humble origins both explore false ideas of self-made gentility.
A Mathematician's Apology + Elements, Book I
Hardy's first model of a beautiful theorem is Euclid's proof that the primes are infinite, from Book IX of the Elements; Book I shows the axiomatic method and economy of proof Hardy admired.
A Mathematician's Apology + The Method (Geometrical Solutions Derived from Mechanics)
Hardy names Archimedes as the example of mathematical permanence; The Method, recovered only in 1906, shows that an ancient mathematical idea can return to life two thousand years later.
A Mathematician's Apology + Meno
Socrates leads a slave boy to the square on the diagonal, the geometry behind the irrationality of the square root of two that Hardy proves; both texts treat mathematics as knowledge of something unchanging.
A Mathematician's Apology + Science and Hypothesis
Poincare, whom Hardy respected, also wrote for general readers on the nature of mathematics, but stressed convention and the mind's role where Hardy argued for a mathematical reality the mathematician discovers.
A Mathematician's Apology + The Problems of Philosophy
Hardy's Cambridge colleague Russell, who appears in the Apology recounting a dream about the future of books, wrote in the same years on how a priori knowledge of numbers is possible.
The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire + The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)
Gibbon's 'happiest' age of the Antonines and his account of decline frame the question Harper reopens with climate and pathogen evidence; Harper borrows Gibbon's language for a chapter title.
The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire + The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians
Heather explains the western collapse chiefly through the Huns and the barbarian groups they set in motion; Harper accepts the role of the Huns but adds steppe drought and disease to the causes.
The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire + History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)
Procopius's eyewitness account of the plague at Constantinople in 542 is a primary source for Harper's chapter on the plague of Justinian.
The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire + Galen: Selected Works
Galen witnessed the Antonine Plague and described its symptoms; Harper reads his clinical remarks as evidence that the disease was smallpox.
The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire + A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles
Al-Razi's tenth-century treatise gives the first clear clinical description of smallpox, the disease Harper identifies as the probable cause of the Antonine Plague.
The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire + The Plague
Camus imagines a modern city under bubonic plague; Harper traces the real first pandemic of the same bacterium across the sixth-century Mediterranean.
The Commonwealth of Oceana + Leviathan
Hobbes argued that the liberty praised by the ancients was the liberty of the sovereign state and that laws need a man to enforce them; Harrington, calling him Leviathan, answers that a well-ordered commonwealth is an empire of laws and not of men.
The Commonwealth of Oceana + The Federalist Papers
Harrington's bicameral design, rotation in office and fear of concentrated land were known to the American founders; the Federalist debates over terms of office and the Senate as a deliberative body continue questions Oceana raised.
The Commonwealth of Oceana + Utopia
More's island republic also abolishes great estates and orders citizens' lives by detailed laws, but holds all property in common; Harrington keeps private property and limits it, and offers his model as practicable for England rather than as a philosophical fiction.
The Commonwealth of Oceana + Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius
Harrington calls Machiavelli the only politician of later ages to recover ancient prudence, but disputes his view that Rome's strife over the agrarian law destroyed it, arguing instead that the lack of an equal agrarian did.
The Commonwealth of Oceana + Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans
The Corollary is built from Plutarch's lives of Lycurgus, who bound Sparta to his laws before leaving, and Timoleon, who freed Syracuse and lived as a private citizen honoured by the people.
The Commonwealth of Oceana + Areopagitica
Milton and Harrington were both republicans of the 1640s and 1650s; Milton argued for free inquiry within a godly commonwealth, while Harrington sought liberty in institutional machinery of balance, ballot and rotation.
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis) + Galen: Selected Works
Harvey reasons with and against Galen throughout, citing his ligature experiments on arteries while rejecting the liver-centred system of blood-making and the pores in the septum.
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis) + Hippocratic Writings
The Hippocratic writers explain health by the balance of humours; Harvey keeps humoral language for fever and temperament but makes the heart a pump and the blood a single circulating fluid.
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis) + On the Fabric of the Human Body (Preface)
Vesalius corrected anatomical description by dissecting human bodies himself; Harvey extends the Paduan tradition from structure to function, from what parts look like to how they move.
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis) + Discourse on Method
In Part V Descartes takes up Harvey's circulation as an example of mechanical explanation, while proposing his own account of the heartbeat that Harvey did not accept.
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis) + Novum Organum
Bacon, who was Harvey's patient, called for natural knowledge built from experiment; De Motu Cordis is one of the clearest early examples of a theory established that way.
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis) + An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine
Claude Bernard, writing two centuries later, treats vivisection and quantitative experiment as the method of physiology and looks back to Harvey as one of its founders.
The Road to Serfdom + Freedom and the Law
Leoni, a fellow member of the Mont Pelerin Society, pushes Hayek's contrast between general rules and discretion further, comparing legislation itself to central planning and preferring law discovered by judges.
The Road to Serfdom + The Wealth of Nations
Smith's account of the division of labour and of the statesman who should not attempt to direct private capital anticipates Hayek's argument that dispersed knowledge is coordinated by markets rather than by a central authority.
The Road to Serfdom + Animal Farm
Orwell reviewed Hayek in 1944 and published his fable of a revolution captured by the pigs a year later; Napoleon's rise dramatizes the claim of Why the Worst Get on Top that ruthlessness is rewarded under concentrated power.
The Road to Serfdom + Politics and the English Language
Hayek's chapter The End of Truth, on how words like freedom change meaning under propaganda, parallels Orwell's essay on political language as a means of defending the indefensible.
The Road to Serfdom + The Communist Manifesto
Marx and Engels call for centralizing credit, transport and production in the hands of the state; Hayek's book is in large part an argument that such centralization would destroy the freedoms its supporters hoped to gain.
The Road to Serfdom + On Liberty
Mill defends individual liberty against the pressure of opinion and law, but in his later work was sympathetic to cooperative socialism; Hayek draws on the same liberal tradition while arguing that economic and personal freedom stand or fall together.
Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution) + Second Reply to Hayne
The direct answer: Webster takes up Hayne's charges against New England, his compact theory, and his reliance on the Resolutions of 1798, and argues that the Constitution was made by the people, not the states.
Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution) + The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Hayne quotes the Virginia Resolution of 1798, Madison's Report, and the Kentucky resolutions of 1798-1799 as the source and authority of the Carolina doctrine.
Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution) + The Federalist Papers
Hayne's case that the states remain sovereign parties to the Constitution can be tested against Madison's account in Federalist No. 39 of a government partly federal and partly national.
Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution) + Speeches on the Compromise of 1850
Calhoun's speech of March 4, 1850, carries forward the South Carolina position Hayne defended, now joined to the claim that the balance between the sections had been destroyed.
Hayne's Reply to Webster (Speech on Foot's Resolution) + Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible
Hayne closes with Jefferson's later letters warning of consolidation; reading them in Jefferson's own words shows what Hayne drew from the Virginian and how he applied it.
Heart of Darkness + A Burnt-Out Case
Greene's novel also follows a European upriver into the Congo, but its destination is a leproserie and its subject spiritual emptiness rather than imperial horror.
Heart of Darkness + Lord Jim
Marlow narrates both; Jim's failure of courage and Kurtz's moral collapse are twin studies of European idealism in the colonial world.
Heart of Darkness + The Quiet American
Both are told by a world-weary observer of imperial violence about an idealistic, destructive outsider.
Heart of Darkness + The Agricola and the Germania
Marlow invokes the Romans in Britain; Tacitus's Agricola contains Calgacus's famous speech against Roman conquest, with its line 'they make a desert and call it peace.'
Heart of Darkness + Ceremony
Silko's novel offers an Indigenous counter-story to imperial narratives of darkness and savagery.
Heart of Darkness + Dracula
Published two years apart, both are journeys from Europe into an 'uncivilised' interior shaped by fears of degeneration.
The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians + The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)
Gibbon's classic account emphasized internal causes, including moral decline and Christianity; Heather explicitly answers it by stressing outside pressure on a still-healthy state.
The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians + The Roman History
Ammianus is Heather's chief source for the Gothic crossing of 376 and the battle of Hadrianople; reading his narrative shows the evidence behind Heather's second part.
The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians + The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire
Kyle Harper's later study adds climate change and pandemic disease to the story, a different emphasis from Heather's focus on the Huns and barbarian groups.
The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians + The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000
Chris Wickham's history of Europe from 400 to 1000 begins where Heather ends and stresses continuity and the economics of the successor kingdoms.
The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians + City of God
Augustine wrote in response to the sack of Rome in 410, which Heather narrates; the two show how a contemporary and a modern historian interpret the same event.
The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians + Rome: An Empire's Story
Greg Woolf's survey of the whole Roman story places the fifth-century collapse in the long life of an empire, a wider frame than Heather's focused argument.
The Philosophy of History + Philosophy of Right
The Philosophy of Right ends with a brief sketch of world history and the four realms; the lectures expand that sketch, and both treat the State as the actual form of freedom.
The Philosophy of History + City of God
Augustine's two cities read history as the work of providence and refuse to identify God's kingdom with any earthly power; Hegel's history as theodicy finds Reason and freedom realized in the course of states themselves.
The Philosophy of History + The Histories
Hegel names Herodotus as a model of original history, written from within the world it describes, which he contrasts with his own philosophical history.
The Philosophy of History + The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)
Gibbon's reflective history of Rome's fall, with its critical view of Christianity's role, makes a pointed contrast with Hegel's account of Christianity as the turning point in the consciousness of freedom.
The Philosophy of History + The Communist Manifesto
Marx and Engels keep Hegel's idea of history moving through conflict toward freedom but locate the motor in class struggle and modes of production.
Philosophy of Right + The Republic
Hegel's Preface treats Plato's Republic as the grasp of Greek ethical life, admiring its unity of individual and city but faulting it for excluding the principle of subjective freedom, the right of individual choice of calling and conscience.
Philosophy of Right + Politics
Aristotle's progression from household to village to city, and his claim that the city exists for living well, stands behind Hegel's movement from family through civic community to the state.
Philosophy of Right + The Social Contract
Hegel credits Rousseau with making will the principle of the state but argues in §258 that Rousseau reduced the general will to the common element in individual wills, so that the state became a contract.
Philosophy of Right + Perpetual Peace
In the note to §333 Hegel answers Kant's proposal that a league of states could secure lasting peace, arguing that sovereign states recognize no judge above them.
Philosophy of Right + Second Treatise of Government
Locke grounds government in a contract to protect property; Hegel treats property and contract as only the first stage of right and denies in §75 and §258 that the state is a contract.
Philosophy of Right + The Communist Manifesto
Marx began as a critic of this book; Hegel's account of wealth and poverty growing together in the civic community is often set beside the Manifesto's account of class conflict, though the two reach opposite conclusions about the state.
Heidi + The Wind in the Willows
Home-longing and outdoor friendship in a neighboring band.
Heidi + The Secret Garden
Healing through outdoor life and companionship.
Physics and Philosophy + Relativity: The Special and General Theory
Heisenberg devotes a chapter to relativity and answers Einstein's objections to quantum theory; Einstein's own exposition shows the classical ideal of an observer-independent description that Heisenberg thinks the atom forbids.
Physics and Philosophy + On the Nature of the Universe
Lucretius's poem on Epicurean atoms is the fullest ancient statement of the atomism whose roots Heisenberg traces, and whose hard indivisible bodies he thinks modern physics has abandoned.
Physics and Philosophy + The Nature of the Physical World
An earlier Gifford Lectures series by a physicist, given in 1927 as the uncertainty principle appeared; Eddington draws idealist and religious conclusions, Heisenberg more cautious philosophical ones.
Physics and Philosophy + Meditations on First Philosophy
Heisenberg argues that quantum observation unsettles the sharp division between thinking subject and extended world that Descartes established.
Physics and Philosophy + Posterior Analytics and Physics
Aristotle's distinction of potentiality and actuality is the concept Heisenberg borrows to explain the quantum probability function.
Helvering v. Davis + The Federalist Papers
In Federalist No. 41 Madison argued that the general welfare phrase is explained by the specific powers that follow it, the narrower reading Cardozo says did not prevail.
Helvering v. Davis + Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank
Hamilton's opinion on the bank defends broad implied national powers, the same outlook that shaped his reading of the spending clause in the Report on Manufactures.
Helvering v. Davis + West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish
Decided two months earlier, it upheld state wage regulation; Helvering upheld federal provision for the aged, together marking the Court's acceptance of New Deal economic programs.
Helvering v. Davis + National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
Seventy-five years later the Court sustained a federal health insurance requirement as a tax but limited Congress's power to attach conditions to grants to the states.
Helvering v. Davis + Democracy in America
Tocqueville's chapters on a mild, tutelary central power raise in general terms the question of how far national government should care for citizens' welfare.
Philosophy of Natural Science + Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)
Semmelweis reasoned about 'cadaveric matter' without knowing of germs; Pasteur's cultures from puerperal fever and Lister's antiseptic surgery supplied the microbial explanation two and three decades later.
Philosophy of Natural Science + The Logic of Scientific Discovery
Popper also stresses that hypotheses are bold conjectures and that refutation is logically decisive where confirmation is not, though Hempel gives positive evidence more weight than Popper does.
Philosophy of Natural Science + The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Kuhn's account of paradigms and revolutions offers a historical and communal picture of science that readers often contrast with Hempel's logical analysis of testing and explanation.
Philosophy of Natural Science + A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction
Mill's methods of agreement and difference describe the eliminative reasoning that Hempel's Semmelweis applies to the two maternity divisions.
Philosophy of Natural Science + Illustrations of the Logic of Science
Peirce's account of hypothesis, or abduction, anticipates Hempel's insistence that hypotheses are invented rather than read off the data.
Philosophy of Natural Science + An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine
Bernard's account of the experimental idea, tested by its consequences, is a nineteenth-century physiologist's version of the method Hempel analyses.
Henry IV, Part 1 + Henry V
The sequel to the Henry IV plays shows Hal as king, winning Agincourt; Falstaff dies offstage, and the reformation promised in the Act 1 soliloquy is complete.
Henry IV, Part 1 + Richard III
Both plays open soliloquies to the audience by a royal schemer, but Richard confides plans for murder and Hal a plan for his own reformation.
Henry IV, Part 1 + The Prince
Hal's calculated management of his reputation, saving his virtue to dazzle the world at the right moment, reads like Machiavelli's advice that a prince must govern how he appears.
Henry IV, Part 1 + The Iliad
Hotspur's passion for glory and his wrath over prisoners recall Achilles; Hal, like Achilles over Hector, kills his rival, but then covers the face of the dead man with his own favours.
Henry IV, Part 1 + Julius Caesar
Both plays show a rebellion against a ruler who took power, an honourable rebel undone by allies, and a final battle that decides the succession.
Henry V + The Iliad
Homer's warriors seek glory and quarrel over honor; Henry gives glory to God and calls his soldiers brothers.
Henry V + Julius Caesar
Both plays turn on persuasive public speech, but Antony moves a mob to revenge while Henry moves an army to courage.
Henry V + The Art of War
Sun Tzu advises winning without battle; Henry fights outnumbered and wins by morale and position.
Henry V + Macbeth
Macbeth seizes a crown by murder and is destroyed; Henry prays to be spared the guilt of his father's usurpation.
Hepburn v. Griswold + Legal Tender Cases
Fifteen months later, after two new appointments, the Court overruled Hepburn and adopted reasoning close to Miller's dissent, with Chase now in dissent.
Hepburn v. Griswold + McCulloch v. Maryland
Both Chase and Miller build on Marshall's 1819 test for necessary and proper means, drawing opposite conclusions about paper money.
Hepburn v. Griswold + Veazie Bank v. Fenno
Decided by Chase a year earlier, Veazie upheld Congress's power to secure a uniform national currency, a breadth of monetary authority that Hepburn did not extend to compelling acceptance of notes for old debts.
Hepburn v. Griswold + Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank
Hamilton's 1791 opinion on the bank first set out the broad reading of implied powers that Miller invokes and Chase qualifies.
Hepburn v. Griswold + The Federalist Papers
Federalist No. 44 defends the ban on state bills of credit and paper tender, evidence Chase uses for the framers' distrust of paper money.
Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire + The Alexiad
Herrin devotes a chapter to Anna Komnene; the Alexiad lets readers hear the twelfth-century princess-historian in her own voice on her father's reign and the First Crusade.
Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire + The Institutes of Justinian
Herrin's chapter on Roman law describes the codification that the Institutes represent; reading the Institutes shows what Justinian's legal project looked like on the page.
Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire + Chronographia
Psellos's portraits of eleventh-century emperors supply the primary source behind Herrin's chapters on Basil II and the eleventh-century crisis.
Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire + The Fall of Constantinople, 1453
Runciman gives a full narrative of the siege that Herrin compresses into her final chapter.
Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire + Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople
Villehardouin's crusader account of 1204 sets beside Herrin's Byzantine-centred chapter on the Crusades, showing the same events from the Latin side.
Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire + The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)
Gibbon's influential picture of a declining Byzantium is one of the views Herrin's portrait of a vigorous medieval empire sets out to revise.
Theogony and Works and Days + The Homeric Hymns
Printed in the same 1914 Loeb volume; the Hymns praise single gods in Homer's meter, while the Theogony sets all of them in one family tree under Zeus.
Theogony and Works and Days + The Library (Bibliotheca)
The Library's first book retells the Theogony's succession of Heaven, Cronos and Zeus, the war with the Titans and Typhoeus in plain prose, often following Hesiod's genealogy closely.
Theogony and Works and Days + Metamorphoses
Ovid's Book I recasts Hesiod's races as four ages of gold, silver, bronze and iron, dropping the heroic race, and opens with a cosmogony from chaos.
Theogony and Works and Days + The Republic
Plato's noble lie of the metals in Book III and the decline of constitutions in Book VIII draw on Hesiod's races of gold, silver, bronze and iron.
Theogony and Works and Days + The Age of Fable
Bulfinch's opening chapters on the origin of the gods, Prometheus and Pandora and the four ages pass Hesiod's stories, mixed with Ovid's, to 19th-century readers.
Theogony and Works and Days + The Bible
Genesis 1-3 also tells of creation, the first woman and the entrance of toil and pain into human life, but by the word of one Creator rather than through generations of gods.
Hippocratic Writings + Galen: Selected Works
Galen inherits Hippocratic observation but systematizes it into a more elaborate anatomy, physiology and humoral therapeutics.
Hippocratic Writings + The Histories
Herodotus preserves ethnographic anecdotes about physicians and illness, while the Hippocratic texts show medicine speaking in its own professional voice.
Hippocratic Writings + Meditations
Marcus invokes Hippocrates as a dead physician, reminding readers that even healers cannot master mortality.
Homer Price + Make Way for Ducklings
McCloskey's Caldecott picture book of two years earlier shares the same drawing hand and the same affection for a friendly town, with Officer Michael stopping Boston traffic as Homer manages Centerburg's crises.
Homer Price + Mr. Popper's Penguins
Both books set an ordinary American household on its ear with one absurd new arrival, Mr. Popper's penguins or Uncle Ulysses's doughnut machine, and both play the comedy completely straight.
Homer Price + The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Tom and Homer are small-town American boys with an eye for a scheme; Tom works his fence-painting trick for glory, while Homer's reward sign saves his uncle's business.
Homer Price + The Moffats
Published two years apart, both are episodic books about children in a small American town during the same years, built of separate comic adventures rather than one plot.
Homer Price + Centerburg Tales (Robert McCloskey)
The 1951 sequel returns to Homer, Freddy, Uncle Ulysses and the doughnut machine, and adds Grampa Hercules and his tall tales.
The Homeric Hymns + The Odyssey
The hymns share Homer's formulas and meter; Demeter disguised as an old woman at Eleusis resembles Odysseus disguised in his own palace, a god or hero recognised by stages.
The Homeric Hymns + The Iliad
The Hymn to Aphrodite tells of the conception of Aeneas, whom the Iliad shows fighting for Troy and rescued by his divine mother in Book 5.
The Homeric Hymns + Metamorphoses
Ovid retells the rape of Proserpina and Ceres' search in Metamorphoses V, and the pirates turned to dolphins in Book III, both stories first known from these hymns.
The Homeric Hymns + The Library (Bibliotheca)
The Library summarises Persephone's abduction and Hermes' theft of Apollo's cattle in prose, showing how the hymn versions became standard mythography.
The Homeric Hymns + The Bacchae and Other Plays
Euripides' Bacchae, like Hymn VII, shows Dionysus disguised and underestimated before he reveals his power over those who refuse him.
Homilies on the Gospel of John + Confessions
Confessions narrates Augustine's own disordered loves; the John homilies apply that same therapeutic theology to a congregation.
Homilies on the Gospel of John + Homilies on the Statues
Chrysostom preaches under civic emergency, while Augustine more often conducts a patient inward education through scriptural signs.
Homilies on the Gospel of John + The Bible
The work is inseparable from John's Gospel and demonstrates late antique Christian habits of allegorical and pastoral reading.
Homilies on the Statues + The Bible
Chrysostom's preaching depends on biblical models of repentance, prophetic warning, and mercy, especially when public sin threatens communal disaster.
Homilies on the Statues + City of God
Augustine interprets imperial catastrophe after Rome's sack; Chrysostom interprets imperial danger before punishment arrives.
Homilies on the Statues + Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God and A Faithful Narrative
Edwards and Chrysostom both use fear to awaken repentance, but Chrysostom's fear is rooted in an immediate civic emergency.
Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I) + Summa Theologica
Hooker's scheme of eternal, natural, divine and human law follows the questions on law in Aquinas's Summa (I-II, qq. 90–97), adapted to a Protestant church and an English setting.
Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I) + Institutes of the Christian Religion
Calvin's Institutes shaped the theology of both Hooker and his opponents; Book IV's teaching on church order is the background to the discipline Hooker declines to treat as binding on all churches.
Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I) + Second Treatise of Government
Locke cites 'the judicious Hooker' for the natural equality of men and for the origin of political society in consent, drawing directly on Book I, chapter X.
Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I) + Lex, Rex
Samuel Rutherford's Lex, Rex (1644), from the Scottish presbyterian side that Hooker opposed, also grounds political authority in law and the consent of the people, reaching different conclusions about church and crown.
Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I) + The Republic and The Laws
Cicero's description of true law as right reason in agreement with nature, eternal and the same in Rome and Athens, is a classical ancestor of Hooker's law of reason.
Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I) + Leviathan
Hobbes, writing sixty years later, also derives government from agreement, but from fear in a state of war rather than from a natural sociability ordered by reason and God's law.
House Divided Speech + The Gettysburg Address
In 1858 Lincoln asked whether a nation half slave and half free could endure; at Gettysburg in 1863 he asked whether a nation conceived in liberty could long endure, now in the midst of the war he had foreseen.
House Divided Speech + Second Inaugural Address
The divided house of 1858 becomes, in 1865, a nation in which both sides read the same Bible and pray to the same God, with Lincoln reading the war itself as judgment on slavery.
House Divided Speech + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Douglass's 1852 Fourth of July address and Lincoln's speech both attack the national compromise with slavery, Douglass with prophetic rebuke and Lincoln with a lawyer's chain of evidence.
House Divided Speech + First Oration Against Catiline
Like Cicero laying bare Catiline's plot before the Senate, Lincoln argues that scattered public acts reveal a concerted design, though Lincoln openly admits he cannot know it absolutely.
The Waning of the Middle Ages + Le Morte d'Arthur
Malory completed his Arthurian romance around 1470, in the same autumn of chivalry Huizinga describes; it shows the chivalric dream in literary form.
The Waning of the Middle Ages + The Trial of Joan of Arc
The records of Joan's trial at Rouen in 1431, during the Burgundian-English alliance, open a window on the piety, politics and violence of Huizinga's France.
The Waning of the Middle Ages + Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)
Vasari's account of Italian art as a rebirth after medieval darkness is the kind of Renaissance narrative Huizinga's northern autumn deliberately complicates.
The Waning of the Middle Ages + The Canterbury Tales
Chaucer's late-fourteenth-century pilgrims, from the Knight to the Pardoner, offer an English literary panorama of the chivalry, courtly love and popular religion Huizinga analyzes in France.
The Waning of the Middle Ages + The Prince
Machiavelli, writing a generation after Charles the Bold's fall, treats politics without the chivalric ideal Huizinga finds still governing Burgundian forms.
Humboldt's Gift + Death of a Salesman
Both depict American men undone by the gap between their visions of greatness and a commercial culture's verdict.
Humboldt's Gift + The New York Trilogy
Both are New York novels about writers, doubles and the uncertain line between life and art.
Humboldt's Gift + The Master and Margarita
Bulgakov's persecuted Master and Bellow's ruined Humboldt are writers crushed by their societies, and both novels mix comedy with metaphysics.
Humboldt's Gift + On the Road
Kerouac's Dean Moriarty and Humboldt are both manic, charismatic figures adored and finally abandoned by a narrator-friend.
Essays, Moral and Political (selection) + A Treatise of Human Nature
Book III of the Treatise derives justice and allegiance from convention and interest; the essays on the origin and first principles of government restate that account for a general reader without the technical apparatus.
Essays, Moral and Political (selection) + An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
The Enquiry's section on miracles and its sceptical method are the philosophical background to Of Superstition and Enthusiasm, which explains religious corruption by the passions and temper of believers.
Essays, Moral and Political (selection) + The Federalist Papers
Hume's classification of factions in Of Parties in General and his maxim that constitutions should be designed for knaves bear on Madison's Federalist 10 and 51, which control faction and set ambition against ambition.
Essays, Moral and Political (selection) + Second Treatise of Government
Locke founds government on consent; Hume, in the essays on origins and first principles, finds it in necessity, habit and opinion, and doubts that most governments began in any contract.
Essays, Moral and Political (selection) + The Spirit of the Laws
Montesquieu and Hume both studied how forms of government shape manners and commerce; Hume's comparison of free states and civilized monarchies in Of Civil Liberty runs parallel to Montesquieu's analysis of monarchy and republic in the 1740s.
Essays, Moral and Political (selection) + Essays
Bacon's short counsels on faction, superstition and seditions are an earlier English model of the political essay that Hume's more argumentative pieces develop.
The Huxley-Wilberforce Debate + On the Origin of Species
The book under discussion; its chapters on the imperfection of the geological record and on difficulties of the theory anticipate many of Wilberforce's objections.
The Huxley-Wilberforce Debate + The Descent of Man
Darwin's 1871 treatment of human origins takes up directly the question of human ancestry that the bishop's jest raised in 1860.
The Huxley-Wilberforce Debate + Novum Organum
Bacon's account of inductive method was the standard by which many Victorian critics, Wilberforce among them, judged whether Darwin's theory was proper science or speculative hypothesis.
The Huxley-Wilberforce Debate + The Voyage of the Beagle
Darwin's account of the voyage commanded by Robert FitzRoy, who stood up at Oxford to oppose the theory that grew from it.
The Huxley-Wilberforce Debate + The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
A near-contemporary debate of 1858, much better recorded; comparing the two shows how much a transcript changes what later readers can know.
The Huxley-Wilberforce Debate + The Leipzig Disputation
Another public debate whose outcome both sides claimed and whose meaning grew in later retelling.
Treatise on Light + Opticks
Newton treats light as rays of different refrangibility and inclines to particles; Huygens explains reflection, refraction and double refraction by waves but leaves colours aside, the field Newton made his own.
Treatise on Light + Principia
Huygens admired the Principia but rejected attraction at a distance; the gravity discourse bound with the Treatise offers a mechanical vortex explanation instead.
Treatise on Light + Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)
In the First Day of the Two New Sciences Galileo proposed a lantern experiment to test whether light is instantaneous; Huygens reports Römer's astronomical answer.
Treatise on Light + Discourse on Method
Descartes published his Dioptrics with the Discourse in 1637; Huygens answers its claim that light is instantaneous and rederives its ovals from the wave theory.
Treatise on Light + Relativity: The Special and General Theory
The ether Huygens imagined as the medium of light waves is the concept Einstein's relativity made unnecessary, while the finite speed of light Huygens defended becomes its central constant.
I Am Prepared to Die + Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail
King and Mandela both turn confinement or prosecution into public moral argument against racial domination.
I Am Prepared to Die + Letters and Papers from Prison
Bonhoeffer and Mandela both write or speak under state punishment, joining personal risk to political responsibility.
I Am Prepared to Die + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Douglass and Mandela both argue that laws upholding slavery or apartheid have no moral claim on the people they bind.
I Have a Dream + The Gettysburg Address
King opens with a deliberate echo of Lincoln's archaic count of years and speaks at Lincoln's memorial, carrying the Gettysburg proposition of equality and new birth of freedom into the 1960s.
I Have a Dream + Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail
The Letter from Birmingham Jail, written in April 1963, makes at length the arguments the speech compresses: the urgency of the present, the failure of gradualism, and the scriptural and natural-law case for justice.
I Have a Dream + The Founding Documents
King calls the Declaration and the Constitution a promissory note and quotes the Declaration's self-evident truth as the creed the nation must live out.
I Have a Dream + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Frederick Douglass's 1852 Fourth of July oration also measured the nation against the Declaration and appealed to its founding principles while describing the condition of Black Americans.
I Will Fight No More Forever + The Iliad
In Book 24 the old king Priam goes to Achilles to ask for his son's body; like Joseph, a defeated leader speaks plainly of his dead and wins respect by grief rather than defiance.
I Will Fight No More Forever + Second Inaugural Address
Both speeches, delivered at the end of long wars, refuse triumph; Lincoln speaks of binding up wounds and Joseph of searching for his children among the dead.
I Will Fight No More Forever + Farewell to Baseball ("The Luckiest Man on the Face of the Earth")
Two short American farewells by men who know their fight is over: Gehrig turns to gratitude, Joseph to the care of his people, and both win lasting regard by their plainness.
I Will Fight No More Forever + Speech to the Troops at Tilbury
Elizabeth speaks to her troops before a battle and pledges to live or die among them; Joseph speaks after a lost campaign and pledges to fight no more, the beginning and the end of a ruler's duty in war.
The Travels of Ibn Battuta + The Travels of Marco Polo
Marco Polo, a Venetian merchant, dictated his account of Asia in a Genoese prison a generation earlier; both books were taken down by another writer and raise similar questions about memory, ghostwriting and credibility.
The Travels of Ibn Battuta + The Muqaddimah
Ibn Khaldun, writing in the Maghreb soon after, mentions the doubts raised at Fez about Ibn Battuta's accounts of India and uses the episode to discuss how historians should judge reports.
The Travels of Ibn Battuta + The Koran
The Quran's command of pilgrimage to Mecca for those able to make it (Surah 3:97) is the occasion of the whole journey, and Ibn Battuta's judicial career rests on the sacred law drawn from it.
The Travels of Ibn Battuta + Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)
Al-Ghazali's account of turning to Sufism illuminates the world of lodges, sheikhs and miracles that guides Ibn Battuta from Alexandria onward.
The Travels of Ibn Battuta + The Fall of Constantinople, 1453: Eyewitness Accounts
Ibn Battuta's respectful visit to Byzantine Constantinople in the 1330s can be set beside the accounts of the city's capture by the Ottomans a little over a century later.
The Muqaddimah + When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty
Kennedy's history of the Abbasid caliphate can be read as a case study for Ibn Khaldun's account of a dynasty brought to power by a revolutionary movement and weakened by luxury, mercenary armies and fiscal strain.
The Muqaddimah + The Histories, Book VI
Polybius explains the rise and decay of constitutions in a natural cycle; Ibn Khaldun explains the rise and decay of dynasties through group feeling and luxury, each claiming to find the causes beneath events.
The Muqaddimah + The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)
Gibbon's account of Rome's decline through luxury, mercenaries and religion invites comparison with Ibn Khaldun's model of a dynasty's softening and replacement by hardier peoples.
The Muqaddimah + The Travels of Ibn Battuta
Ibn Khaldun reports that at the Marinid court of Fez people doubted Ibn Battuta's tales of India, and he uses the episode to warn against rejecting reports merely because they seem strange.
The Muqaddimah + The Wealth of Nations
Both treat labour as the source of value and examine the division of labour and taxation, though Smith writes of commercial nations and Ibn Khaldun of dynasties and cities.
The Muqaddimah + The Histories
Herodotus gathers reports and often lets readers judge them; Ibn Khaldun demands that reports be tested against the nature of civilization, a sharper theory of historical criticism.
If— + Meditations
Marcus Aurelius counsels himself to accept what fortune brings and to govern only his own judgments, the same Stoic core that Kipling turns into a father's advice in rhyme.
If— + Ulysses
Tennyson's old king ends with a will strong to strive and not to yield; Kipling's young man must hold on by the Will alone when strength is gone.
If— + The Bible
The Book of Proverbs is likewise framed as a father's instruction to my son, setting wisdom, self-control, and patience before a young man about to enter the world.
If— + Farewell Address and Selected Letters
In Rewards and Fairies the poem follows a story in which Washington appears, and readers have long matched its portrait of restraint under pressure to Washington's public character as seen in the Farewell Address.
In Flanders Fields + Pericles' Funeral Oration
Pericles tells Athenian survivors to take the fallen as their model and never decline the dangers of war; McCrae puts the same charge in the mouths of the dead themselves.
In Flanders Fields + The Gettysburg Address
Lincoln resolves that the dead shall not have died in vain; McCrae's dead demand that the living not break faith, a closely related idea of unfinished work.
In Flanders Fields + O Captain! My Captain!
Both short rhymed war elegies use a returning refrain; Whitman's living sailor speaks to the dead, while McCrae's dead speak to the living.
In Flanders Fields + Testament of Youth
Vera Brittain, a nurse in France during the same war, records in prose the loss of her fiancé, brother and friends, the private grief behind the rows of crosses.
In Patagonia + The Histories
Herodotus, like Chatwin, mixes travel, ethnography, legend and digression to explore far-off peoples.
In Patagonia + On the Road
Both are books of compulsive travel; Kerouac's road is American and ecstatic, Chatwin's southern and anecdotal.
In Patagonia + The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket
Poe's voyage to the far south, and Chatwin's journey toward the bottom of the world, both draw on the allure of the antipodes.
In Patagonia + Heart of Darkness
Both are journeys to the edge of the 'civilised' world that reveal imperial violence against native peoples.
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Douglass's 1845 narrative is the best-known male slave narrative, centered on literacy and a fight with the overseer Covey; Jacobs adds the perspective of a woman and mother, and of years spent in hiding rather than in open resistance.
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl + Up from Slavery
Washington, born a generation later, remembers slavery only as a child and writes of building after freedom; Jacobs writes from within the long struggle to reach it.
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl + Uncle Tom's Cabin
Stowe's novel of 1852 aimed at the same Northern readers; Jacobs, who declined to have her story folded into Stowe's work, tells hers in her own words, and both use a mother's flight for her child as a central image.
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl + 12 Years a Slave
Northup, a free man kidnapped into slavery, and Jacobs, born in it, both wrote for Northern readers in the 1850s to show slavery from within.
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl + The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson
Mary Rowlandson's 1682 narrative is an earlier American woman's account of captivity and of faith tested by separation from her children.
Instructions for His Generals + Napoleon's Maxims of War
Napoleon's maxims compress principles of concentration and speed that Frederick explains through Prussian particulars; Frederick's army was tethered to magazines, while Napoleon's corps lived largely off the countryside.
Instructions for His Generals + The Art of War
Sun Tzu also prizes deception, spies and knowledge of ground, but writes in aphorisms for a ruler, whereas Frederick writes as a reigning king giving concrete orders to subordinates about bread and pickets.
Instructions for His Generals + On War
Clausewitz studied Frederick's campaigns closely and turned his remarks on chance and the general's eye into a theory of friction and military genius.
Instructions for His Generals + The Art of War
Machiavelli wanted citizen militias loyal by conviction; Frederick commands a professional army partly of foreigners and devotes pages to stopping them from running away.
Instructions for His Generals + The Prince
Frederick wrote an Anti-Machiavel (1740) condemning The Prince, then within a year invaded Silesia without warning; the Instructions show the practical statecraft he actually followed.
Instructions for His Generals + The Conquest of Gaul
Caesar's commentaries give the same attention to corn supply, camps and the speed of marches, but present them as narrative self-justification rather than confidential instruction.
Island of the Blue Dolphins + Robinson Crusoe
The model of every island survival story: like Crusoe, Karana builds shelter, makes tools and tames animals, but she is at home on her island while Crusoe is a castaway in a strange one.
Island of the Blue Dolphins + My Side of the Mountain
Sam Gribley chooses to live alone in the Catskills and tames a falcon; Karana's solitude is forced on her, and her survival is a matter of life and death rather than adventure.
Island of the Blue Dolphins + The Swiss Family Robinson
A whole family makes a home on a deserted island; Karana must do the same work alone, which makes her friendships with animals the more important.
Island of the Blue Dolphins + The Sign of the Beaver
Matt, left alone in the Maine woods, learns to survive and befriends a boy of another people, as Karana befriends Tutok.
Island of the Blue Dolphins + The Call of the Wild
London's Buck moves from the human world to the wild pack; Rontu moves the other way, from leader of the wild dogs to Karana's companion.
Ivanhoe + The Merchant of Venice
Both works pair a Jewish moneylender with a daughter, but where Jessica leaves Shylock and her faith, Rebecca stays loyal to both Isaac and the faith of her fathers.
Ivanhoe + The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood
Pyle's Robin Hood and Scott's Locksley share the outlaw band, Friar Tuck and loyalty to the true king against Prince John.
Ivanhoe + Le Morte d'Arthur
Malory's knights live by the code Ivanhoe defends in Chapter XXIX; Scott sets that ideal beside the cruelty of Norman barons and the questions Rebecca puts to it.
Ivanhoe + The Black Arrow
Stevenson's tale of the Wars of the Roses follows Scott's model of a medieval romance built on real political conflict and an outlaw fellowship in the forest.
Ivanhoe + The Last of the Mohicans
Cooper, often called the American Scott, likewise sets a romance amid peoples in conflict, with captives, rescues and a doomed love across a cultural divide.
Jacobson v. Massachusetts + Buck v. Bell
Holmes cited Jacobson's principle of compulsory vaccination in upholding Virginia's sterilization statute in 1927, extending it to a very different use of state power over the body.
Jacobson v. Massachusetts + Lochner v. New York
Decided two months later by the same bench, Lochner struck down a health-based hours law; Harlan dissented there, and Holmes's dissent listed compulsory vaccination among accepted limits on liberty.
Jacobson v. Massachusetts + On Liberty
Mill's principle that power may be exercised over an individual only to prevent harm to others parallels Harlan's statement that real liberty cannot include injuring others.
Jacobson v. Massachusetts + Gibbons v. Ogden
Harlan relied on Marshall's 1824 recognition that quarantine and health laws of every description remain within the powers of the states.
Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking + Illustrations of the Logic of Science
James credits Peirce's How to Make Our Ideas Clear, one of these essays, with founding pragmatism; Peirce's maxim concerns the meaning of concepts, while James extends it to a theory of truth Peirce did not accept.
Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking + The Varieties of Religious Experience
James's Gifford Lectures of 1901-1902 judge religious experience by its fruits in life; Pragmatism turns that approach into a general method and ends with the religious question again.
Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking + A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
In Lecture III James praises Berkeley's treatment of material substance as pragmatic, since Berkeley asks what matter means in experience and finds only sensations.
Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking + Utilitarianism
The book is dedicated to Mill, from whom James says he learned the pragmatic openness of mind; James's claim that the true is the expedient in thinking parallels Mill's appeal to consequences in ethics.
Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking + Experience and Education
Dewey, whom James names as a founder of the instrumental theory, applied pragmatic ideas to schooling, testing ideas by their consequences in a student's growing experience.
Jane Eyre + Wuthering Heights
Emily Brontë's novel, published two months later, also sets violent love on the Yorkshire moors, but where Catherine and Heathcliff defy every law, Jane keeps her principles and is united with Rochester within them.
Jane Eyre + The Pilgrim's Progress
Jane's journey from Gateshead to Ferndean follows the shape of a pilgrimage, and the last paragraph likens St. John to Bunyan's Greatheart; Brontë's heroine, like Christian, must leave what she loves to keep faith.
Jane Eyre + Pride and Prejudice
Both novels end in a marriage of equals across a gap in wealth, but Austen's comedy of manners and Brontë's passionate first-person narrative give very different accounts of love; Brontë herself told G. H. Lewes in 1848 that Austen's world felt like a carefully fenced garden with no open country.
Jane Eyre + Great Expectations
Two first-person stories of orphans raised by harsh guardians who come into unexpected money and must learn what it is worth; Satis House and Thornfield both hide a ruined bride.
Jane Eyre + The Secret Garden
Burnett's Yorkshire manor with a hidden invalid and a lonely orphan heroine borrows the atmosphere of Thornfield and turns it toward healing.
Jane Eyre + Villette
Charlotte Brontë's last novel (1853) returns to a reserved, poor heroine making her way as a teacher, but Lucy Snowe narrates with far more concealment than Jane, and the ending is left open.
Jane Eyre + The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
Anne Brontë's novel (1848) appeared a year after Jane Eyre; Helen Graham's diary records a marriage to a dissolute husband and her decision to leave him, a contrast to Jane's refusal to stay with Rochester as his mistress.
First Inaugural Address (Jefferson) + Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible
Jefferson's letters and Notes on the State of Virginia develop the ideas compressed in the essential principles: freedom of religion, agrarian citizenship, education and limited government.
First Inaugural Address (Jefferson) + Farewell Address and Selected Letters
Washington's Farewell Address warns against the spirit of party and permanent alliances; Jefferson, speaking after the fiercest party contest yet, answers with entangling alliances with none and a call to unity.
First Inaugural Address (Jefferson) + Second Inaugural Address
Both are short inaugurals delivered after deep national division that seek reconciliation and close with an appeal to Providence.
First Inaugural Address (Jefferson) + The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
Jefferson's appeal to tolerate error where reason is free to combat it repeats the statute's conviction that truth needs only free argument and debate.
First Inaugural Address (Jefferson) + The Federalist Papers
Jefferson's question whether angels in the forms of kings could govern man meets Madison's remark in Federalist No. 51 that if men were angels no government would be necessary.
First Inaugural Address (Jefferson) + The Founding Documents
The essential principles restate rights from the Declaration, the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, including free exercise of religion, a free press, habeas corpus and jury trial.
Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Douglass takes up the Declaration's language of liberty, which Jefferson drafted, and turns it against American slavery.
Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible + Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack
Franklin's practical improvement and Jefferson's agrarian Enlightenment show two different founding models of reason.
Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible + Democracy in America
Tocqueville later studies, as a foreign observer, the democratic society Jefferson hoped to ground in local self-government and an educated citizenry.
Jewish Antiquities + The Jewish War
The War narrates recent catastrophe; Antiquities builds the long history Josephus wants readers to recognize behind that catastrophe.
Jewish Antiquities + The Bible
Antiquities rewrites much of biblical history in Greek historiographical form, often smoothing, explaining or moralizing scriptural narrative.
Jewish Antiquities + The Annals of Imperial Rome
Tacitus supplies Roman senatorial perspectives on imperial power and Christians; Josephus supplies Judean history from a Jewish aristocratic survivor.
Jewish Antiquities + The Twelve Caesars
Suetonius' imperial lives illuminate the Roman rulers around Josephus' later books, especially the Julio-Claudian and Flavian background.
Jewish Antiquities + The History of the Church
Eusebius cites Josephus and treats his notices as part of Christian historical proof, especially around Jerusalem and early Christian origins.
Jewish Antiquities + Early Christian Writings: The Apostolic Fathers
The Apostolic Fathers show Christian communities after the New Testament; Josephus provides the Jewish and Roman historical world in which those communities became legible.
Johnny Tremain + Carry On, Mr. Bowditch
Both follow a Massachusetts boy bound to work young whose hopes are cut short, Nat Bowditch by indenture and Johnny by injury, and who finds a new path by study and persistence.
Johnny Tremain + Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack
Franklin was himself a Boston printer's apprentice on his brother's newspaper, the life Rab and Johnny lead at the Observer half a century later.
Johnny Tremain + Common Sense, Rights of Man, The Age of Reason, and The American Crisis
Paine's Common Sense (January 1776) argued in print for the cause Otis and the Observers debate in the novel, written in the months just after the book ends.
Johnny Tremain + The Red Badge of Courage
Both follow a young man toward his first battle; Henry Fleming runs from his and must earn his courage, while Johnny arrives after Lexington to inherit a dead friend's musket.
Johnny Tremain + Across Five Aprils
Another Newbery-honored historical novel for young readers in which a boy comes of age while the war tears his community and family apart.
The Journal of John Woolman + Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack
Franklin and Woolman were near contemporaries in the Delaware valley, and Franklin's press printed Quaker antislavery writings; Franklin tells a story of rising through trade, while Woolman tells of deliberately reducing his trade so that his business would not crowd out his ministry.
The Journal of John Woolman + Walden
Both books argue for a simplified life that frees the soul, but Thoreau's experiment at the pond is philosophical and solitary, while Woolman's plainness grows from Quaker worship and from concern for the labourers whose toil supplies luxuries.
The Journal of John Woolman + Confessions
Augustine and Woolman both write autobiography as an account of God's dealings with the soul, from boyhood faults through conversion; Augustine's stolen pears and Woolman's killed robin are parallel childhood scenes of remorse.
The Journal of John Woolman + Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners
Bunyan's spiritual autobiography and Woolman's Journal both record inward trials and leadings in plain English, though Bunyan's is a drama of terror and assurance and Woolman's a quiet record of resignation and obedience.
The Journal of John Woolman + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Douglass writes against slavery from inside it as a man who escaped; Woolman writes from among slaveholding neighbours and fellow believers, seeking to persuade them by conscience and Scripture.
The Journal of John Woolman + The Practice of the Presence of God
Brother Lawrence's conversations and letters, like Woolman's Journal, describe a life of constant inward attention to God carried on in ordinary work.
Journey of the Magi + The Bible
Matthew 2:1-12 is the source: the wise men follow the star, offer gifts, and depart into their own country another way, which Eliot extends into a lifetime of unease.
Journey of the Magi + The Second Coming
Yeats's 1919 poem also ends on a birth at Bethlehem that overturns an age, though his slouching rough beast is the menacing opposite of Eliot's hidden Christ.
Journey of the Magi + The Dream of the Rood
The Old English poem lets the Cross itself recount the Passion; Eliot's Magus glimpses that same tree, unknowing, in the three trees on the low sky.
Journey of the Magi + Ulysses
Both are monologues of aged travelers restless at home, but Tennyson's hero longs to sail out again while Eliot's longs for a death that completes his conversion.
Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven) + The Pilgrim's Progress
Both are allegorical pilgrimages to a holy goal through monsters, false guides and trials; Bunyan's Christian travels to the Celestial City in Protestant terms, while the Tang monk travels to Buddha's mountain for scriptures, and Richard's notes push the two closer together than the Chinese text does.
Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven) + The Odyssey
Each is a long homeward or outward journey built from episodes of enchantment, monstrous hosts and divine helpers; Odysseus relies on his own cunning, while the monk relies on Sun's cunning and Kwanyin's rescues.
Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven) + Don Quixote
A serious-minded master and a comic, earthy companion travel together: Pa Kiel's appetite and complaints play against the Master's piety much as Sancho Panza's do against Don Quixote's ideals.
Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven) + The Travels of Marco Polo
Marco Polo describes the lands between Venice and China as a traveller's report; the novel imagines the road from China westward to India as a sequence of fabulous kingdoms.
Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven) + The Faerie Queene, Book I
Spenser's Redcrosse Knight, like the pilgrim monk, travels with companions through allegorical dangers and false appearances toward holiness, and both works mix romance adventure with moral teaching.
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man + Confessions
Augustine's account of a boyhood of sin, a mother's prayers and a decisive turn toward God is the great model of the spiritual autobiography that Stephen's story echoes and reverses.
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man + Metamorphoses
The novel's epigraph comes from Ovid's Book VIII, where Daedalus turns his mind to unknown arts and makes wings for himself and Icarus.
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man + Apologia Pro Vita Sua
Stephen admires Newman's prose, and Newman founded the Catholic University that became Stephen's college; Newman's account of his religious opinions moves toward the church that Stephen leaves.
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man + The Divine Comedy
Father Arnall's hell sermon belongs to the same tradition of imaginative meditation on the last things as Dante's Inferno.
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man + The Waste Land
Published in the same year as Joyce's Ulysses, Eliot's poem shares the modernist method of fragments, allusion and shifting voices that the Portrait begins to develop.
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man + David Copperfield
Dickens's novel of a boy's growth into a writer is a Victorian ancestor of the Portrait; Joyce replaces Dickens's retrospective narrator with a style that grows with the hero.
Jude the Obscure + Far from the Madding Crowd
Hardy's earlier Wessex pastoral ends in a patient marriage of shared work; Jude, written twenty years later, ends with every marriage failing.
Jude the Obscure + Middlemarch
Dorothea Brooke and Jude both seek a great vocation and find it narrowed by circumstance; Eliot ends in quiet usefulness, Hardy in defeat.
Jude the Obscure + On Liberty
Sue quotes Mill's words on choosing one's own plan of life to justify leaving Phillotson; the novel tests that individualist principle in a hard setting.
Jude the Obscure + The Bible
The epigraph from 2 Corinthians and Jude's dying recitation of Job 3 frame the whole tragedy in scriptural language.
Jude the Obscure + Great Expectations
Pip and Jude both dream of rising beyond their trade; Dickens lets Pip learn humility, while Hardy lets Jude's aspiration end in exhaustion.
Julius Caesar + The Civil War
Caesar's own account of the civil war shows the general before the dictatorship that Brutus feared.
Julius Caesar + Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans
Shakespeare's direct source; Plutarch's Lives of Caesar and Brutus supply the omens, Portia's wound and Brutus's ghost.
Julius Caesar + Macbeth
Both tragedies turn on the murder of a ruler and its consequences, but Brutus kills from principle and Macbeth from ambition.
Julius Caesar + The Prince
Machiavelli's analysis of conspiracies and of a ruler's need for fear and love bears directly on Caesar, Brutus and Antony.
Just So Stories + The Jungle Book
Kipling's earlier animal stories are serious adventures with a code of law; the Just So animals are comic, and their stories end in a changed shape rather than a lesson of the Jungle.
Just So Stories + Aesop's Fables
Like Aesop's fables, the Camel, the Kangaroo and the Butterfly stories punish idleness and boasting, but Kipling explains how an animal came to look as it does rather than closing with a stated moral.
Just So Stories + Metamorphoses
Ovid tells how gods changed people into animals and plants; Kipling's Djinn, Eldest Magician and Nqong change animals into their present forms, with a smile instead of a tragedy.
Just So Stories + Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Both books began as stories told aloud to particular children, and both delight in nonsense words, comic logic and long, funny names.
Just So Stories + Winnie-the-Pooh
Milne, like Kipling, writes as a father telling stories to a child, and both books mix prose with verses meant to be read aloud.
The Institutes of Justinian + Commentaries on the Laws of England
Blackstone's Book I, Of the Rights of Persons, adapts the Institutes' order of persons, things and wrongs to English common law, a deliberate echo of Justinian's student manual.
The Institutes of Justinian + Magna Carta
Where the Institutes descend from an emperor who holds the people's authority by the lex regia, Magna Carta is a negotiated grant binding the king, so the two show different routes to rule of law.
The Institutes of Justinian + Summa Theologica
Aquinas's treatise on law (I-II, qq. 90-97) takes up the distinction of natural law, law of nations and human law and cites the Roman definitions of justice.
The Institutes of Justinian + The Republic and The Laws
Cicero's account of a true law of right reason, the same at Rome and Athens, stands behind the Institutes' natural law that is fixed and immutable among all nations.
The Institutes of Justinian + The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)
Grotius builds his law of nations on the Roman ius gentium and repeatedly cites the Digest and Institutes, turning a category of private law into a framework for relations between states.
The Institutes of Justinian + The Secret History
Procopius gives the hostile private portrait of the same emperor whose proem here presents him as pious, victorious and devoted to justice.
The New Roman Empire: A History of Byzantium + Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire
Herrin's shorter thematic history introduces Byzantium through topics and portraits; Kaldellis offers a continuous political narrative and a stronger argument about Roman identity.
The New Roman Empire: A History of Byzantium + The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)
Gibbon's later volumes shaped the image of Byzantium as a long decline; Kaldellis writes explicitly against that tradition.
The New Roman Empire: A History of Byzantium + The Alexiad
Anna Komnene's history of her father is a principal source for the Komnenian restoration that Kaldellis narrates.
The New Roman Empire: A History of Byzantium + Chronographia
Psellos, whom Kaldellis has translated and studied, is the main witness for the eleventh-century emperors and the court politics the book describes.
The New Roman Empire: A History of Byzantium + The Fall of Constantinople, 1453
Runciman's classic narrative of the siege of 1453 tells at length the final episode with which Kaldellis closes.
The New Roman Empire: A History of Byzantium + The Secret History
Procopius's hostile portrait of Justinian and Theodora is one of the sources Kaldellis weighs in his chapters on the sixth century.
Kalevala + The Song of Hiawatha
Longfellow borrowed the Kalevala's trochaic tetrameter and its repetitions for his epic of the Ojibwe hero, and Crawford's English sounds very like Hiawatha as a result.
Kalevala + The Poetic Edda
Both are northern collections of mythic songs gathered from older oral tradition; the Edda's Völuspá, like Rune I, begins with the making of the world, and both feature smiths, magic and contests of wisdom.
Kalevala + The Argonautica
The voyage to the cold North to win a treasure from a cunning ruler, with a royal daughter as prize, has often been compared with Jason's quest for the Golden Fleece; Crawford's preface draws the parallel.
Kalevala + The Lord of the Rings
Tolkien was deeply influenced by the Kalevala, especially by Kullervo, and admired how it gave a small nation a body of myth; his own legendarium grew partly from that example.
Kalevala + The Odyssey
Väinämöinen, like Odysseus, is an old, wily hero who wins by speech and craft more than by force, and both poems were shaped from long oral traditions of song.
Kalevala + The Nibelungenlied
A national epic adopted by 19th-century nationalism, with a broken treasure and a cycle of revenge that destroys both families.
Critique of Practical Reason + Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
The Groundwork reaches the categorical imperative by analyzing ordinary moral judgment and gives several formulations; the second Critique restates the law in one form, calls it a fact of reason, and adds the highest good and the postulates.
Critique of Practical Reason + Critique of Pure Reason
The first Critique denies theoretical knowledge of freedom, God and the soul in order to make room for faith; the second shows how practical reason gives those ideas their reality.
Critique of Practical Reason + The Nicomachean Ethics
Aristotle makes happiness the final end and virtue its chief part; Kant separates virtue from happiness, makes virtue the condition of deserving happiness, and joins them only in the highest good.
Critique of Practical Reason + Utilitarianism
Mill names Kant in his first chapter and argues that the universal-law test, applied in practice, turns on consequences, a reading Kant's insistence on the form of the maxim is meant to rule out.
Critique of Practical Reason + Meditations
Kant discusses the Stoics in Book II as the school that made virtue the whole highest good; Marcus Aurelius's notebook shows the Stoic discipline Kant admired and corrected.
Perpetual Peace + The Rights of War and Peace (Book I)
Kant calls Grotius, Pufendorf and Vattel "Job's comforters", whose codes are quoted to justify attacks though they have no legal force; Perpetual Peace seeks a legal order that would end war rather than merely regulate it.
Perpetual Peace + Leviathan
Hobbes describes states as remaining in a state of nature toward one another; Kant accepts the description but argues that reason requires states to leave that condition through a federation, as individuals leave it through a civil constitution.
Perpetual Peace + Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
The appendices apply the moral philosophy of the Groundwork to politics: the test of publicity resembles the test of whether a maxim can be universalized.
Perpetual Peace + The Social Contract
Rousseau's idea of the original contract underlies Kant's republican constitution, and Rousseau's summary of Saint-Pierre's peace project is one of the essays Kant answers.
Perpetual Peace + City of God
Augustine in Book XIX describes peace as the tranquillity of order and the end that even warring peoples seek; Kant seeks an earthly legal order of peace through reason and law.
Perpetual Peace + The Republic
Plato hoped philosophers would become kings; Kant's secret article answers that kings need not philosophize and philosophers should not rule, but rulers should let philosophers speak freely.
Keep the Lights Burning, Abbie + The Bears on Hemlock Mountain
Both books put a child alone in charge of a real task in a winter emergency, Jonathan the borrowed iron pot and Abbie the lighthouse lamps, and both end with a father's return and pride.
Keep the Lights Burning, Abbie + The Courage of Sarah Noble
Another true-based early-grades story of a girl who must be brave far from home: Sarah keeps house for her father in the Connecticut wilderness, Abbie keeps the lights for her father on a rock in the sea.
Keep the Lights Burning, Abbie + Carry On, Mr. Bowditch
Both draw on the New England sea and its dangers: Nathaniel Bowditch made navigation safer with his charts and tables, while Abbie keeps the light that ships steer by off the Maine coast.
Keep the Lights Burning, Abbie + Little House in the Big Woods
Laura's family and Abbie's both live far from town and must be ready for long winters on their own, with children sharing the real work of the household.
Inaugural Address + First Inaugural Address ("The only thing we have to fear")
Roosevelt in 1933 promised action against a domestic emergency, and Kennedy's line about the first hundred days deliberately recalls that precedent while turning to a global one.
Inaugural Address + The Gettysburg Address
Sorensen studied Lincoln's address while drafting, and Kennedy's brevity, plain diction, and appeal to a new birth of freedom follow its model.
Inaugural Address + Second Inaugural Address
Both inaugurals treat the nation's purpose under God; Lincoln reads a war as divine judgment, while Kennedy calls his people to make God's work on earth their own.
Inaugural Address + Farewell Address and Selected Letters
Washington warned against permanent foreign alliances; Kennedy, speaking for a superpower, pledges support to allies across the world, a measure of how far American commitments had grown.
The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In + The Koran
The scripture of the faith whose community carried out the conquests; Kennedy treats religious conviction as one motive among several in the expansion.
The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In + History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)
Procopius describes the Roman-Persian rivalry and the plague of the sixth century, the long exhaustion of both empires that Kennedy identifies as a condition of the conquests.
The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In + When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty
Kennedy's companion volume carries the story forward to the Abbasid caliphate that ruled the lands these conquests created.
The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In + The Muqaddimah
Ibn Khaldun's theory of group solidarity among desert peoples was an early attempt to explain how tribal armies founded dynasties, an idea that bears on Kennedy's account of Arab cohesion.
The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In + Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes
Tamim Ansary's narrative of world history from a Muslim perspective tells the same expansion as part of a story of community and faith, a different frame from Kennedy's military and political history.
The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In + The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)
Gibbon's chapters on Muhammad and the Arab conquests were the classic English narrative of these events, written from the Byzantine sources and Arabic texts available in the eighteenth century.
When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty + The Muqaddimah
Ibn Khaldun's theory that dynasties rise on group feeling and decline through luxury and dependence on mercenaries can be tested against Kennedy's account of the Abbasids from revolution to Samarra.
When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty + The Arabian Nights Entertainments
The Nights turned Harun al-Rashid and his vizier Ja'far the Barmakid into figures of legend; Kennedy's chapter on Harun shows the historical court behind the tales.
When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty + The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In
Kennedy's later book narrates the seventh- and eighth-century conquests that created the empire the Abbasids inherited.
When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty + Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire
Herrin's Byzantium was the Abbasids' great Christian rival on the frontier; the two books show the two empires facing each other across Anatolia.
When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty + The Canon of Medicine, Book I
The Canon draws on the Greek medical works translated into Arabic under Abbasid patronage, a translation movement Kennedy treats in his chapter on court culture.
When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty + The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)
Gibbon's chapters on the caliphs offered an eighteenth-century European account of the same dynasty that Kennedy retells from Arabic sources.
New Astronomy and The Harmony of the World + On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
Copernicus moved the Earth but kept circles and epicycles; Kepler adopted the moving Earth and replaced the circles with ellipses governed by physical causes.
New Astronomy and The Harmony of the World + Almagest
Ptolemy's geometric models aimed to save the appearances; Kepler showed in Part I of the New Astronomy that such models are interchangeable and demanded a physical account. Book V of the Harmony also engages Ptolemy's Harmonics.
New Astronomy and The Harmony of the World + On the Magnet (De Magnete)
Gilbert's claim that the Earth is a great magnet suggested to Kepler that a magnetic power from the sun moves the planets.
New Astronomy and The Harmony of the World + Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)
Kepler and Galileo corresponded and both championed Copernicus, yet Galileo kept circular orbits, while Kepler welcomed Galileo's telescopic discoveries in print.
New Astronomy and The Harmony of the World + Principia
Newton derived Kepler's three laws from the inverse-square law of gravitation, turning Kepler's empirical discoveries into consequences of a single principle.
New Astronomy and The Harmony of the World + Timaeus
Plato's account of a craftsman who orders the cosmos by number and harmonic ratio stands behind Kepler's conviction that God created by geometry.
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money + The Wealth of Nations
Smith's account of the division of labour, capital accumulation and the invisible hand stands at the head of the classical tradition Keynes calls a special case; Smith praises parsimony as the source of capital, while Keynes asks when saving fails to become investment.
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money + The Road to Serfdom
Hayek, Keynes's opponent in the early-1930s debate over the Treatise on Money, warned in 1944 that extensive economic planning endangers liberty; Keynes wrote to Hayek that he agreed with much of the book while doubting where Hayek drew the line.
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money + The Law
Bastiat's defence of limited government and his warnings about using law to redistribute wealth offer a nineteenth-century French statement of the liberal view against which Keynes's proposals for state influence over investment can be weighed.
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money + The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
Weber traces the moral roots of saving and disciplined work; Keynes questions whether the habit of saving always serves the common good in a slump.
Kidnapped + Treasure Island
Stevenson's earlier sea story has a boy narrator and a charming dangerous man; Alan Breck is as vivid as Silver but loyal, and the book is more historical than fabulous.
Kidnapped + Robinson Crusoe
David's days on Earraid parody the Crusoe situation: alone on an island that turns out to be joined to the mainland at low tide.
Kidnapped + The Odyssey
Both are journeys home to a stolen inheritance, with a usurper in the hall and a test of loyalty on the road.
King Lear + The Brothers Karamazov
King Lear can be compared with the-brothers-karamazov to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
King Lear + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
King Lear can be compared with the-death-of-ivan-ilyich to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children + A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys
Hawthorne's Gorgon's Head tells the same Perseus story as an American fireside tale with a playful Quicksilver; Kingsley tells it more solemnly, with Athene's warnings and a Christian moral drawn from it.
The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children + Tanglewood Tales
Hawthorne's The Minotaur and The Golden Fleece cover Kingsley's Theseus and Argonauts; Hawthorne softens the endings and keeps Ariadne on Crete, while Kingsley tells the sad endings of Jason and Theseus.
The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children + The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles
Padraic Colum's 1921 retelling expands the Argonaut voyage into a long book with interwoven myths told by Orpheus and others; Kingsley's version is shorter and draws a more explicit moral.
The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children + The Argonautica
Apollonius's epic is the main ancient source for the voyage: the loss of Hylas, Phineus and the Harpies, the clashing rocks and Medeia's love; Kingsley's return route past Ierne follows the later Orphic Argonautica instead.
The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children + The Library (Bibliotheca)
Apollodorus gives in brief all three of Kingsley's stories, including Perseus at Larissa and the robbers Theseus killed; reading him shows what Kingsley added in description and Christian application.
Kokoro + The Meek One
Both are confessional narratives by men who reconstruct the events leading to a suicide for which they bear guilt.
Kokoro + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
The student's father's slow death and Ivan's both expose family members' impatience and the loneliness of the dying.
Kokoro + On Friendship
Montaigne's ideal of perfect friendship with La Boétie contrasts with the rivalry that destroys Sensei and K.
Kokoro + Siddhartha: An Indian Tale
K's ascetic pursuit of spiritual discipline parallels Siddhartha's early austerities, but ends in despair rather than enlightenment.
Kokoro + Botchan
Sōseki's earlier comic novel Botchan (1906) also follows a young man between Tokyo and the provinces, but its blunt, honest narrator meets the double-dealing of a country school staff with laughter rather than Kokoro's guilt and reflection.
Korematsu v. United States + Ex parte Milligan
Milligan (1866) held that military tribunals could not try civilians where civil courts were open; Murphy and Jackson draw on the same concern for civil authority in wartime.
Korematsu v. United States + Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer
Black and Jackson met again in 1952 over presidential emergency power, this time both holding that the Executive had exceeded its authority.
Korematsu v. United States + United States v. Wong Kim Ark
Wong Kim Ark (1898) confirmed that a child born in the United States to Chinese parents is a citizen, the birthright citizenship Jackson stresses when he notes Korematsu was a citizen by nativity.
Korematsu v. United States + The Federalist Papers
Hamilton in Federalist No. 8 warned that constant danger leads nations to sacrifice civil rights for security, an argument relevant to every opinion in the case.
Korematsu v. United States + The Founding Documents
Jackson invokes the Constitution's provision that no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, and the majority and dissents read the Fifth Amendment's due process guarantee.
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions + The Logic of Scientific Discovery
Popper describes science as a constant attempt to falsify theories; Kuhn replies that normal science protects its paradigm and that falsification alone does not explain theory change.
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions + The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes
Lakatos's research programmes, with their protected hard core, are a direct attempt to reconcile Popper's rationality with Kuhn's history.
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions + Against Method
Feyerabend pushes Kuhn's incommensurability further, arguing that no single method governs science.
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions + Personal Knowledge
Polanyi's tacit knowledge, learned by apprenticeship within a community, anticipates Kuhn's exemplars and the role of the scientific community.
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions + On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
Kuhn's model of crisis and revolution draws heavily on the Copernican case he had studied in The Copernican Revolution.
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions + Elements of Chemistry
The chemical revolution of Lavoisier's 1789 treatise is Kuhn's main example of how a new paradigm changes what scientists see.
Lectures on Calvinism + Institutes of the Christian Religion
Kuyper's lectures claim Calvin's theology as the root of a whole culture; the Institutes supply the doctrines of God's sovereignty, election and common grace that Kuyper develops for politics, science and art.
Lectures on Calvinism + Democracy in America
Tocqueville, like Kuyper, attributes American liberty partly to its Puritan origins and stresses the importance of associations that stand between the individual and the state.
Lectures on Calvinism + Reflections on the Revolution in France
Burke's defence of inherited institutions against the Revolution parallels Kuyper's opposition to the principles of 1789, though Kuyper grounds his in God's sovereignty rather than in prescription.
Lectures on Calvinism + Orthodoxy
Chesterton, writing a decade later from a different tradition, also presents Christianity as a comprehensive account of the world able to answer modern skepticism.
Lectures on Calvinism + The Abolition of Man
Lewis's defence of objective value parallels Kuyper's claim in Lecture V that beauty has an objective existence as the expression of divine perfection.
Lectures on Calvinism + City of God
Augustine's two cities, each defined by its love, foreshadow Kuyper's account of two antithetical principles running through culture and scholarship.
The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes + The Logic of Scientific Discovery
Popper makes falsifiability the mark of science; Lakatos keeps the demand for testability but shifts it from single theories to whole programmes judged by their progress over time.
The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes + The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Kuhn's paradigms resemble Lakatos's programmes, but Lakatos argues that several programmes usually compete at once and that the choice between them can be rational rather than a conversion.
The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes + Against Method
Feyerabend's book was conceived as one side of a planned joint volume with Lakatos and argues that no methodology, including Lakatos's, can be binding on scientists.
The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes + The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory
Duhem showed that experiments test a theory together with auxiliary assumptions, never alone; Lakatos builds this insight into his distinction between hard core and protective belt.
The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes + On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
Lakatos and Zahar's chapter argues that Copernicus's programme was progressive relative to Ptolemy's, offering a test case students can check against Copernicus's own book.
The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes + Principia
Newton's gravitational theory is Lakatos's chief example of a progressive programme whose hard core was shielded while its models of the solar system were refined.
The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I) + The Arabian Nights Entertainments
Andrew Lang's 1898 children's selection works from Galland's French, the version Lane set out to replace; reading the fisherman or the Humpback in both shows Lane's Arabic names, verse and notes against Lang's brisk retelling.
The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I) + The Koran
The Introduction opens with Qur'anic language, the 'Efreet's prison bears the seal of Suleymán, and Lane's first note summarises Muslim belief and law; the Koran is the scripture the tales and the notes constantly assume.
The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I) + The Canterbury Tales
Both are frame collections in which tellers trade stories for a purpose; Chaucer's pilgrims compete for a supper, while Shahrazád, the sheykhs and the Humpback's suspects tell for their lives.
The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I) + The Travels of Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta's fourteenth-century account of Cairo, Damascus and Baghdad describes the cities, judges and hospitals of the same Islamic world that Lane believed the Nights portray.
The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I) + Metamorphoses
Ovid's poem and the tales of the sheykhs, the Black Islands and the mendicant turned ape share a fascination with human beings changed into beasts or stone, and both nest stories within stories.
The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I) + Galen: Selected Works
The learned medicine behind Doobán, the Jewish physician and the barber's surgery descends from Galen through Arabic translation; Lane's notes on disease and the first hospitals point to that tradition.
Lassie Come-Home + The Call of the Wild
Both follow a dog taken from home and sold north; Buck answers the call of the wild, while Lassie answers the call of home and walks back to her boy.
Lassie Come-Home + White Fang
London's wolf-dog has to learn love after years of cruelty, while Lassie's devotion is complete from the first page and is tested only by distance and hardship.
Lassie Come-Home + Where the Red Fern Grows
Both are stories of a poor family, a boy and fiercely loyal dogs, in which money and hardship press on the bond between boy and animal.
Lassie Come-Home + The Secret Garden
Burnett's Yorkshire novel shares Knight's moorland setting and Yorkshire dialect, and both set a great house beside the cottages of working people.
Lassie Come-Home + Black Beauty
Both carry an animal through a series of owners and helpers, good and bad, on the way back to the kind of home it deserves.
Selected Sermons + Selected Sermons and Reformation Treatises
Both preachers attack corrupt religion, but Latimer's English sermons place social injustice and court accountability at the center.
Selected Sermons + The Canterbury Tales (Geoffrey Chaucer)
Chaucer's satire of clergy and Latimer's reforming attacks share an English habit of mocking idle, worldly, or venal clergy, one in verse fiction and the other from the pulpit.
Selected Sermons + The Prince
Machiavelli analyzes rulers' power; Latimer risks addressing rulers' consciences from a biblical pulpit.
Elements of Chemistry + The Sceptical Chymist
Boyle attacked the four elements and the three principles of the chemists; Lavoisier completes the critique by defining elements operationally and drawing up a table of them.
Elements of Chemistry + Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)
Lavoisier analysed fermentation as a chemical balance of elements; Pasteur showed that it is carried out by living organisms, while keeping Lavoisier's insistence on weighing reactants and products.
Elements of Chemistry + Posterior Analytics and Physics
The four elements and qualities of Aristotelian natural philosophy are the starting point that Lavoisier's Preface sets aside as metaphysical.
Elements of Chemistry + Opticks
Newton's Queries speculate on attractions between particles; Lavoisier's tables of elective attraction and his weighing method belong to the chemical tradition those Queries helped inspire.
Elements of Chemistry + An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine
Bernard regards Lavoisier's work on respiration and animal heat as the beginning of a chemical physiology, and adopts his model of exact experiment.
The Prussian Officer and Other Stories + A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
Joyce and Lawrence, born three years apart, both wrote in 1914-16 out of provincial upbringings, Dublin Catholic and Midlands Nonconformist, and both pressed fiction toward inner consciousness.
The Prussian Officer and Other Stories + All Quiet on the Western Front
Remarque's German soldiers suffer the tyranny of the drill-corporal Himmelstoss; Lawrence's Captain shows a peacetime version of the same abuse of rank.
The Prussian Officer and Other Stories + The Metamorphosis
Kafka's Gregor Samsa and Lawrence's Willy Horsepool are both breadwinners made helpless, and both stories watch the family's fear of what the invalid will cost.
The Prussian Officer and Other Stories + To the Lighthouse
Woolf and Lawrence both render a marriage from inside the wife's mind, though Woolf's Mrs Ramsay reaches understanding in life and Elizabeth Bates only at her husband's death.
An Investigation of the Laws of Thought + A Mathematical Theory of Communication
Shannon translates Boolean logic into relay and switching circuits, giving Boole's symbolic laws a physical engineering afterlife.
An Investigation of the Laws of Thought + Notes on Menabrea's Sketch of the Analytical Engine
Lovelace imagines symbolic operations executed by a machine; Boole supplies a formal language in which logical operations themselves can be calculated.
An Investigation of the Laws of Thought + An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Locke analyzes ideas and assent in philosophical prose, while Boole attempts to mathematize the operations by which judgments combine.
An Investigation of the Laws of Thought + Novum Organum
Bacon reforms inquiry by methodical induction; Boole seeks a symbolic method for the laws governing deductive and probable thought.
Le Morte d'Arthur + The Story of King Arthur and His Knights
Pyle's illustrated retelling for young readers draws on Malory for the sword in the stone, Excalibur and the early adventures, but softens the adultery and the tragic ending that dominate Malory's last books.
Le Morte d'Arthur + Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
The fourteenth-century poem shows Gawaine as a courteous, chaste knight tested by temptation, very different from Malory's vengeful Gawaine of Book XX.
Le Morte d'Arthur + The Sword in the Stone
T. H. White reimagines Arthur's boyhood under Merlin, which Malory passes over in a sentence, and leads up to the drawing of the sword in Book I.
Le Morte d'Arthur + The Faerie Queene, Book I
Spenser's Redcrosse Knight in Book I is an allegory of holiness built on the Arthurian romance tradition; his quest and his falls invite comparison with Galahad's purity and Launcelot's failure.
Le Morte d'Arthur + Ivanhoe
Scott's romance looks back at the code Malory's knights swear at Pentecost, setting a wounded knight's praise of chivalry against Rebecca's doubts about martial glory.
Le Morte d'Arthur + Don Quixote
Cervantes's hero is driven mad by reading romances of chivalry like those Malory used; reading the two together shows both the grandeur of the knightly ideal and its comedy.
Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry + Mental Pathology and Therapeutics
Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry pairs with this work because Griesinger presses psychiatry toward brain disease and medical therapeutics.
Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry + Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias
Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry pairs with this work because Bleuler revises Kraepelin by emphasizing schizophrenia, association, affect, and heterogeneity.
Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry + The Psychology of Dementia Praecox
Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry pairs with this work because Jung tries to interpret severe psychosis through complexes, meaning, and association experiments.
Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry + The Principles of Psychology
Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry pairs with this work because William James offers a philosophical psychology of mind, habit, attention, and experience.
Lectures on Revivals of Religion + Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God and A Faithful Narrative
Edwards interprets revival as surprising and ambiguous; Finney presents revival as ordinarily producible by proper measures.
Lectures on Revivals of Religion + Selected Sermons
Spurgeon distrusts revival technique more than Finney, stressing proclamation and divine grace over anxious-seat method.
Lectures on Revivals of Religion + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Finney's reform evangelicalism overlaps antebellum abolitionist energy, while Douglass's Narrative distinguishes the Christianity of Christ from the slaveholding religion practiced in the South.
Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System + Studies on Hysteria
Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System pairs with this work because Breuer and Freud turn hysteria toward memory, trauma, catharsis, and clinical narrative.
Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System + The Major Symptoms of Hysteria
Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System pairs with this work because Janet provides a dissociation-centered alternative for hysteria and traumatic memory.
Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System + The Psychology of Dementia Praecox
Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System pairs with this work because Jung tries to interpret severe psychosis through complexes, meaning, and association experiments.
Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System + The Principles of Psychology
Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System pairs with this work because William James offers a philosophical psychology of mind, habit, attention, and experience.
Legal Tender Cases + Hepburn v. Griswold
The decision overruled here; its dissent, written by Miller, supplied much of what became Strong's majority reasoning.
Legal Tender Cases + McCulloch v. Maryland
Strong builds on Marshall's broad view of implied powers and adds the idea that powers may arise from several grants considered together.
Legal Tender Cases + Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases)
In the Gold Clause Cases of 1935 the Court relied on the Legal Tender Cases in upholding Congress's power to override gold clauses in private contracts.
Legal Tender Cases + Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank
Hamilton's argument that a government has powers resulting from the whole mass of its grants anticipates Strong's aggregate-of-powers reasoning.
Legal Tender Cases + The Federalist Papers
Federalist No. 44 explains the ban on state paper money, which Strong reads as confined to the states and Field reads as evidence of the framers' broader intent.
Logical Writings on Binary Arithmetic and Universal Character + An Investigation of the Laws of Thought
Boole realizes part of Leibniz's dream by giving logic an algebraic form with explicit operations.
Logical Writings on Binary Arithmetic and Universal Character + On Computable Numbers and Computing Machinery
Turing supplies a rigorous account of mechanical procedure where Leibniz had imagined a broad calculus of reason.
Logical Writings on Binary Arithmetic and Universal Character + On Formally Undecidable Propositions
Godel reveals limitations in formal systems that complicate Leibniz's hope for complete calculable settlement.
Logical Writings on Binary Arithmetic and Universal Character + Discourse on Method
Descartes and Leibniz share confidence in method, but Leibniz's method turns more explicitly toward symbolic languages and calculable signs.
The Leipzig Disputation + Selected Sermons and Reformation Treatises
Luther's 1520 treatises, written in the year after Leipzig, develop the positions on authority and the Church that he first stated publicly there.
The Leipzig Disputation + On Free Will (De Libero Arbitrio)
The Eck-Karlstadt exchange on grace and the will anticipates the question Erasmus put to Luther in 1524.
The Leipzig Disputation + The Bondage of the Will (De Servo Arbitrio)
Luther's fullest statement on grace and the will, written six years after Karlstadt's debate with Eck on the same question.
The Leipzig Disputation + Second Reply to Hayne
A later debate over who is the final judge of disputed questions, the states or the Union and its courts, set beside Leipzig's question of whether popes, councils or Scripture have the last word.
The Leipzig Disputation + The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Another public debate in which a skilful questioner pressed his opponent toward a costly admission, Eck on Hus at Leipzig and Lincoln at Freeport.
Lemon v. Kurtzman + Everson v. Board of Education
Burger cited Everson's bus-fare program as permissible aid to pupils rather than to schools, a line the Pennsylvania program crossed by paying the schools directly.
Lemon v. Kurtzman + Abington School District v. Schempp
Clark's 1963 purpose-and-effect inquiry supplied the first two prongs of the Lemon test.
Lemon v. Kurtzman + Zelman v. Simmons-Harris
Thirty-one years later the Court upheld Cleveland's tuition vouchers because aid reached religious schools only through parents' independent choices, a structure quite different from the direct salary and service payments in Lemon.
Lemon v. Kurtzman + Pierce v. Society of Sisters
Douglas noted that Pierce secured the right to choose parochial schools; Lemon addressed whether states may help pay for them.
Lemon v. Kurtzman + The Federalist Papers
Madison's warnings about faction in Federalist No. 10 bear on Burger's concern that school-aid appropriations would divide voters along religious lines.
Lepanto + The Song of Roland
The medieval French epic also sings of Christian knights against Muslim armies, with a hero's horn-call where Chesterton has Don John's trumpet and refrain.
Lepanto + Don Quixote
The poem's last vision is of Cervantes, a veteran of Lepanto, seeing the lean and foolish knight he would later write, so Chesterton's crusader ballad ends in the birth of the great novel of chivalry.
Lepanto + The St Crispin's Day Speech
Shakespeare's Henry and Chesterton's Don John are both young leaders who answer a moment of crisis with a call to glory, one in speech, the other in a ballad about him.
Lepanto + The Raven
Poe and Chesterton both build poems on heavy internal rhyme, alliteration and a returning refrain, though Poe's music deepens despair while Chesterton's drives toward triumph.
Les Misérables + A Tale of Two Cities
Dickens's Sydney Carton and Hugo's Valjean both give themselves for others amid revolutionary violence; Dickens looks back to 1789, Hugo to the barricades of 1832, and both end with a death framed by Christian hope.
Les Misérables + Crime and Punishment
Raskolnikov and Valjean are both criminals redeemed through suffering and love, Raskolnikov through Sonya and the Gospel story of Lazarus, Valjean through a bishop's mercy; Javert and Porfiry make an instructive pair of lawmen.
Les Misérables + The Count of Monte Cristo
Dumas's Edmond Dantès and Hugo's Valjean are both unjustly long-imprisoned men who return rich under new names; Dantès chooses vengeance and Valjean chooses mercy.
Les Misérables + Oliver Twist
Hugo's Thénardiers and Paris thieves' gang Patron-Minette echo Dickens's Fagin and the London underworld, and both novelists make a child's survival among criminals a test of their society.
Les Misérables + The Idiot
Dostoevsky admired Hugo's novel; Bishop Myriel and Prince Myshkin are both attempts to place a Christ-like figure in the modern world, with very different results.
Letters and Papers from Prison + The Cost of Discipleship
The 1937 book's contrast of cheap and costly grace prepares the prison letters' this-worldly faith, but the later Bonhoeffer criticises his earlier, more sharply separated church as a temptation to holiness withdrawn from the world.
Letters and Papers from Prison + The Consolation of Philosophy
Boethius also wrote in prison awaiting execution by a ruler he had served; he seeks consolation in philosophy's ascent beyond fortune, while Bonhoeffer seeks God within suffering and earthly life.
Letters and Papers from Prison + Alone in Berlin
Fallada's novel of a working-class couple's postcard campaign shows resistance from below in the same city and years, ending like Bonhoeffer's story with arrest, Gestapo interrogation and the guillotine or the rope.
Letters and Papers from Prison + Fear and Trembling
Bonhoeffer read Kierkegaard closely, but his conspiratorial decision was not the solitary knight of faith's suspension of the ethical; he framed it as responsibility taken for others and shared with others.
Letters and Papers from Prison + Letters from a Stoic
Seneca's letters to Lucilius are another correspondence used to train oneself for death under a tyrant; Bonhoeffer's letters share the self-discipline but reject Stoic detachment in favour of grief, longing and hope.
Letters and Papers from Prison + The Sickness Unto Death
Anti-Climacus describes the self that cannot be itself, a frame for 'Who Am I?', where Bonhoeffer resolves the split between public and private selves by placing his identity in God's knowledge.
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania + The Founding Documents
The Declaration of Independence lists taxes imposed without consent and judges dependent on the king's will among its grievances; both had been argued in detail by Letters VII and IX nine years earlier, though Dickinson himself declined to sign the Declaration.
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania + The Articles of Confederation
Dickinson chaired the committee that prepared the first draft of the Articles in 1776; the union of colonies he urged in Letters I and XII took its first written constitutional form there.
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania + Common Sense, Rights of Man, The Age of Reason, and The American Crisis
Paine in 1776 mocks the language of a parent country and calls for separation; Dickinson in 1767 addresses Britain as a beloved parent and seeks redress within the empire, the two most widely read American pamphlets taking opposite views of reconciliation.
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania + Commentaries on the Laws of England
Blackstone, writing in 1765, places the American plantations under the control of Parliament; Dickinson, also trained at the Inns of Court, uses the same English constitutional tradition to argue that consent to taxation belongs to the provincial assemblies.
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania + Second Treatise of Government
Locke's teaching that the supreme power cannot take any part of a man's property without his consent lies behind Letter XII's chain of principles linking freedom, security of property and consent.
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania + The Wealth of Nations
Smith in Book IV examines the system by which Britain regulated the trade of its American colonies for its own advantage; Dickinson accepts that system as lawful while denying Parliament's right to tax, a distinction Smith's economic analysis approaches from another side.
Letters from a Stoic + Meditations
Marcus writes private self-command; Seneca writes epistolary counsel, but both use Stoicism as therapy for fear and desire.
Letters from a Stoic + The Consolation of Philosophy
Boethius transforms philosophical consolation under imprisonment, drawing on traditions Seneca helped transmit.
Letters from a Stoic + The Nicomachean Ethics
Aristotle’s virtue needs external goods more than Seneca’s Stoic virtue does.
Letters of Napoleon + Napoleon's Maxims of War
The Maxims abstract general rules from Napoleon's campaigns; the letters show those rules being made and broken in specific orders, often contradicting the clean principles attributed to him.
Letters of Napoleon + On War
Clausewitz served against Napoleon in 1812 and theorised the 'God of war' he saw in action; the letters provide the raw record of decisions Clausewitz generalised.
Letters of Napoleon + The Twelve Caesars
Suetonius's lives mix public acts with private appetite and scandal, a model that Napoleon's own letters, especially those to Joséphine and his brothers, seem to invite.
Letters of Napoleon + The Conquest of Gaul
Napoleon admired and annotated Caesar; both men wrote their wars in their own words, but Caesar's commentaries are polished narrative while the letters are unrevised working documents.
Letters of Napoleon + Instructions for His Generals
Frederick wrote a single confidential manual for his officers, whereas Napoleon instructed his marshals letter by letter, rarely trusting them with a general doctrine.
Letters of Napoleon + Persian Letters
Montesquieu's fictional letters satirise absolutism through an eastern despot's household; Napoleon's real letters display a ruler whose control of ministers and family can look strikingly similar.
Structural Anthropology + The Golden Bough (abridged edition)
Frazer arranged world myth and magic into an evolutionary sequence from magic to religion to science; Lévi-Strauss rejects the evolutionary scheme and seeks the logical structures common to all thought.
Structural Anthropology + The Theban Plays
Sophocles' Oedipus is the test case of The Structural Study of Myth, where the episodes of the Theban cycle are rearranged into columns of opposed relations.
Structural Anthropology + The Interpretation of Dreams
Lévi-Strauss compares the shaman's cure with psychoanalysis and treats Freud's account of Oedipus as one more version of the myth.
Structural Anthropology + Discourse on the Origin of Inequality
Lévi-Strauss honoured Rousseau as a founder of anthropology; the Discourse's conjectures about early society and language lie behind his own questions about nature and culture.
Leviathan + Second Treatise of Government
Locke's state of nature is governed by natural law and property, and his government can be dissolved for breach of trust; it is the most direct liberal rebuttal of Hobbes's absolutism.
Leviathan + The Social Contract
Rousseau accepts that sovereignty is indivisible but locates it in the people's general will and accuses Hobbes of attributing to natural man passions that society itself produced.
Leviathan + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Hobbes's first published book was a translation of Thucydides, and the account of civil strife at Corcyra anticipates Leviathan's war of all against all.
Leviathan + The Prince
Machiavelli advises a ruler how to acquire and keep power; Hobbes argues why subjects should authorize that power in the first place and what limits remain.
Leviathan + Ethics
Spinoza took over Hobbes's endeavour and self-preservation, but his free man is guided by reason toward joy, and his politics favour freedom of thought that Hobbes would allow the sovereign to restrict.
Leviathan + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Burton's encyclopedic humoral account of melancholy and Hobbes's terse definition of it as dejection causing causeless fears belong to the same generation but represent the old and the new natural philosophy.
The Abolition of Man + That Hideous Strength
Lewis says in its preface that the novel is a tall story with the same serious point as The Abolition of Man; the N.I.C.E. and its plans for remaking man dramatize the Conditioners of Lecture III.
The Abolition of Man + The Screwtape Letters
Screwtape's advice to keep the patient from thinking about truth and to treat ideas as merely old-fashioned or modern is a satirical version of the debunking Lewis criticizes in The Green Book.
The Abolition of Man + The Republic
Lewis draws his picture of the soul, with spirit as the ally of reason against appetite, and his view of education as training the young to love the beautiful, from Plato's Republic.
The Abolition of Man + The Nicomachean Ethics
Aristotle's teaching that the aim of education is to make the pupil like and dislike what he ought is cited in Lecture I as part of the Tao.
The Abolition of Man + Politics and the English Language
Orwell, writing three years later, also treats the teaching of English as a moral and political matter, arguing that corrupt language corrupts thought.
The Abolition of Man + We
Zamyatin's One State, which plans to remove the imagination by surgery, is an earlier fictional picture of the conditioned humanity Lewis describes in Lecture III.
Lex, Rex + Institutes of the Christian Religion
Institutes IV.20 teaches obedience even to unjust rulers but allows that popular magistrates like the Spartan ephors may restrain kings; Rutherford builds his case for estates and inferior judges on that opening.
Lex, Rex + Second Treatise of Government
Locke, writing about forty years later, also grounds government in consent, treats rulers' power as a trust and allows resistance to its abuse; Rutherford argues from covenant and Scripture where Locke argues chiefly from a state of nature.
Lex, Rex + Leviathan
Hobbes, writing in the same civil wars, concludes that the sovereign cannot be bound by covenant to his subjects; Rutherford's covenant binds king and people alike.
Lex, Rex + Discourse on Voluntary Servitude
La Boétie also holds that rulers depend on the people's consent, but he urges simple withdrawal of support, while Rutherford requires action through lawful estates and inferior magistrates.
Lex, Rex + Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)
Hooker grants that lawful power rests on the consent of the governed, yet defends the English episcopal establishment; Rutherford draws on similar natural-law premises to defend Presbyterian Scotland against the bishops.
Lex, Rex + Magna Carta
Rutherford's claim that the king cannot act above the law echoes the charter's clauses 39-40, and he appeals to Magna Charta by name in question XXIII.
Life of St. Martin + Early Christian Lives
Athanasius's Antony and Jerome's desert saints help frame ascetic authority; Martin transfers that authority into Gaul as a bishop moving among soldiers, villages, temples, and sickrooms.
Life of St. Martin + The Golden Legend: Popular Saints
The Golden Legend popularizes saints for feast-day preaching, while Sulpitius gives an earlier, more concentrated literary construction of one saint's charisma.
Life of St. Martin + City of God
Augustine reflects on miracles, demons, and earthly power philosophically; Sulpitius narrates those same tensions through vivid episodes around Martin's body and authority.
Life of St. Martin + Confessions
Augustine turns inward toward memory and desire, whereas Sulpitius makes holiness visible through public encounters, healing scenes, and conflicts with spirits.
Life of St. Martin + The Varieties of Religious Experience
James offers psychological categories for saintliness and conversion, but Martin's Life shows how a community reads bodily signs and miracles as public proof.
The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus + Confessions
Teresa says Augustine's Confessions came into her hands at her conversion and that she saw herself in his scene in the garden; both books are autobiographies addressed to God, confessing sin and praising grace.
The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus + The Story of a Soul
Therese of Lisieux, a Carmelite of the same reformed order, also wrote her life under obedience; Teresa describes extraordinary graces and a great reform, Therese an ordinary hidden way of little acts.
The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus + The Practice of the Presence of God
Brother Lawrence's simple conversation with God amid kitchen work echoes Teresa's definition of prayer as friendship, without her stages and visions.
The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus + Early Franciscan Sources
Peter of Alcantara, who encourages Teresa, was a Franciscan reformer; the poverty Teresa insists on at St. Joseph's draws on the same ideal as Francis of Assisi's.
The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus + Apologia Pro Vita Sua
Newman, like Teresa, writes a life to answer doubts about his good faith, tracing his inner history for readers who suspect him of deception.
Life on the Mississippi + Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Chapter 3 of this book borrows a raft episode written for Huck Finn, and the river towns, feuds, and steamboats of the memoir supply the world of the novel published a year later.
Life on the Mississippi + The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
The Hannibal chapters return to the village of St. Petersburg in Tom Sawyer, and the boys' longing for steamboats here is the same restlessness that sends Tom pirating on Jackson's Island.
Life on the Mississippi + Walden
Thoreau also learns to read water closely at Walden Pond, but he finds the knowledge deepens his wonder, where Twain says piloting drained the poetry from the river.
Life on the Mississippi + Ivanhoe
Twain blames Scott's medieval romances for the South's love of titles and chivalry; reading Ivanhoe alongside Chapter 46 lets students test his charge against the novel itself.
Life on the Mississippi + Moby-Dick
Melville's Ishmael and Twain's cub both learn an American trade on the water, and both books mix personal narrative with technical lore, history, and digressions.
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates + House Divided Speech
Douglas opened the first debate by reading the House Divided speech's central paragraph, and much of the campaign turned on whether its prediction that the Union would become all one thing or all the other was a forecast or a program.
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates + Second Reply to Hayne
Webster in 1830 answered a theory of state sovereignty by appeal to the people's Union; in 1858 Douglas made self-government by states and territories the guarantee of the Union, and Lincoln asked what the Union was for.
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates + Speeches on the Compromise of 1850
Douglas presented the measures of 1850, which he had steered through the Senate, as the first enactment of popular sovereignty; Lincoln claimed Henry Clay, author of the compromise resolutions, as his own model of a statesman.
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates + The Gettysburg Address
Lincoln's argument at Galesburg and Alton that the Declaration's equality was meant as a standard for all men becomes, five years later, the proposition to which he says the nation was dedicated.
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates + Uncle Tom's Cabin
Stowe's novel of 1852 had shaped Northern public sentiment about the Fugitive Slave Act and slavery itself, the very force Lincoln said at Ottawa mattered more than statutes or decisions.
Second Inaugural Address + The Gettysburg Address
Both are brief, biblical in cadence, and concerned with the meaning of the war, but Gettysburg (1863) asks the living to finish the unfinished work, while the Second Inaugural asks what God intended by the war and how to end it in charity.
Second Inaugural Address + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Douglass, who heard the Second Inaugural and praised it, had argued in 1852 that slavery mocked the nation's professed faith; Lincoln's address names slavery as the offense for which the whole nation was paying.
Second Inaugural Address + O Captain! My Captain!
Whitman's elegy, written after the assassination six weeks later, mourns the leader whose last major speech had asked the nation to bind up its wounds.
Second Inaugural Address + First Inaugural Address ("The only thing we have to fear")
Both inaugurals speak to a nation in crisis and draw on Scripture, but Roosevelt promises vigorous action, while Lincoln refuses prediction and submits the outcome to providence.
Linder v. United States + Webb v. United States
The 1919 decision that Linder reread: there an order sold to sustain a habit was no prescription, here four tablets given in good faith were not shown to be a crime.
Linder v. United States + Robinson v. California
Justice Stewart's 1962 opinion, holding that California could not punish the status of addiction, rests on the same view of addiction as an illness that Linder had stated.
Linder v. United States + McCulloch v. Maryland
McReynolds cites Marshall's opinion for the rule that a measure ostensibly carrying out a delegated power but aimed solely at matters reserved to the states is invalid.
Linder v. United States + The Federalist Papers
Madison's assurance in No. 45 that federal powers are few and defined, while those of the states are numerous, matches the premise of McReynolds's reasoning.
Linder v. United States + Gonzales v. Raich
Eighty years later the Court upheld federal drug control over medical use under the Commerce Clause, a broader basis than the taxing power that bounded the Harrison Act.
Little Bear + Frog and Toad Are Friends
Lobel's book is a later I Can Read collection of five short stories in the same plain style; where Little Bear rests on a child's trust in his mother, Frog and Toad rests on the loyalty of two friends.
Little Bear + Make Way for Ducklings
Mother Bear and Mrs. Mallard are calm, watchful mothers; both books give the youngest readers a picture of secure family love, one in a cozy house in the woods and the other in the streets of Boston.
Little Bear + The Tale of Peter Rabbit
Another small animal child with a mother at home; Peter disobeys and must escape Mr. McGregor's garden, while Little Bear's adventures, even his flight to the moon, end safely at his mother's table.
Little Bear + Winnie-the-Pooh
Both books turn a child's games and pretending into short episodes in a woodland world, and both end by folding the stories back into the life of the child who hears them.
Little Bear + Little House in the Big Woods
Wilder's first book also follows a small child through the seasons in a snug family home in the woods, with snow, birthdays and bedtime stories at its heart.
Little Britches + Farmer Boy
Wilder's Almanzo and Moody's Ralph are both boys proving themselves at farm work under a firm, admired father; Almanzo's New York farm is prosperous where the Moodys' ranch is always at the edge of failure.
Little Britches + Little House on the Prairie
Both follow an Eastern family moving west in search of a better life, with a father whose courage and judgment hold the household together.
Little Britches + Shane
A boy on a western homestead admires a skilled horseman who becomes his model of manhood: Bob Starrett has Shane, Ralph has Hi Beckman. Both books also involve disputes among neighbors over the land.
Little Britches + My Ántonia
Cather's narrator also recalls a western childhood among homesteaders, and both books treat a father's death as the turning point of a young person's life.
Little Britches + Carry On, Mr. Bowditch
Nat Bowditch and Ralph Moody both lose childhood early to family need and earn adult standing through steady work and integrity.
Little House in the Big Woods + Farmer Boy
Wilder's second book turns to her future husband Almanzo's boyhood on a prosperous New York farm, a fuller, richer household set against the Ingalls cabin in the woods.
Little House in the Big Woods + Little House on the Prairie
The sequel takes the same family out of the Big Woods to Kansas, trading the safety of relatives nearby for open prairie and isolation.
Little House in the Big Woods + The Courage of Sarah Noble
Another young girl on an American frontier, set in early eighteenth-century Connecticut, who must be brave in the woods while her father builds the family's house.
Little House in the Big Woods + Heidi
Both books find a child's happiness in a simple mountain or forest home, with plain food, animals and a grandparent or father who tells and teaches.
Little House in the Big Woods + Little Women
Alcott's sisters, like Laura and Mary, quarrel and make up under a wise mother's eye, though in a New England town rather than a log cabin.
Little House on the Prairie + Little House in the Big Woods
The Wisconsin cabin Pa leaves in Chapter 1 is the setting of the first book; the move from a settled woodland home among relatives to an empty prairie is the hinge of the whole series.
Little House on the Prairie + Farmer Boy
Almanzo's father stays rooted on a prospering New York farm while Pa abandons a half-finished claim, so the two books set rooted stewardship against the pull of new country.
Little House on the Prairie + The Sign of the Beaver
Matt's cabin in the Maine woods and the Ingalls cabin on the Kansas prairie both stand beside native neighbors, and both books follow a child's slow understanding of people whose land it first was.
Little House on the Prairie + My Ántonia
Cather's Nebraska prairie, seen through a remembering adult, and Wilder's Kansas prairie, seen through a small girl, both make the open grassland a character in its own right.
Little House on the Prairie + The Courage of Sarah Noble
Sarah and Laura are both small girls carried into wild country by their fathers, and both books are built on a child's fear of and curiosity about the Indian families nearby.
Little Lord Fauntleroy + A Christmas Carol
Both show a hard, solitary old man transformed late in life; Scrooge is changed by spirits and visions, the Earl by the daily company of a trusting child.
Little Lord Fauntleroy + Heidi
Spyri's Alm-Uncle and Burnett's Earl are bitter grandfathers estranged from family and neighbors whom a grandchild brings back into charity and community.
Little Lord Fauntleroy + The Prince and the Pauper
Twain also moves a boy across the gulf between poverty and rank and lets him see how a ruler's power falls on the poor; both books end with a young lord resolved to govern mercifully.
Little Lord Fauntleroy + The Secret Garden
Burnett's later novel reverses the pattern: Mary Lennox arrives at a Yorkshire manor sour and is healed by others, whereas Cedric arrives already good and heals the household.
Little Lord Fauntleroy + Pollyanna
Pollyanna's gladness and Cedric's trust are both childlike dispositions that change a grim adult and a whole town.
Little Lord Fauntleroy + A Little Princess
In A Little Princess Burnett reverses Cedric's rise: Sara Crewe falls from wealth to the attic at Miss Minchin's, and the story tests whether her generosity and good manners survive poverty.
Little Women + David Copperfield
Both are domestic Bildungsromane about becoming a writer, with the deaths of beloved young women (Dora, Beth) as turning points.
Little Women + The Secret Garden
Both classics of children's literature treat illness and recovery within the home and value nature and fresh air.
Little Women + Testament of Youth
Alcott served as a Civil War nurse and Brittain as a First World War VAD; both wrote about women's wartime lives at home and in hospitals.
Little Women + Persuasion
Both explore family, marriage and women's choices with a heroine who must balance duty and desire.
Little Women + My Ántonia
Both are American novels of girls growing into women amid hardship, centred on resilient female characters.
The History of Rome, Books I-V + Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans
Plutarch's lives of Romulus, Numa, Publicola, Coriolanus and Camillus retell the same legends as Books I-V, but arrange them as paired moral biographies rather than a year-by-year history.
The History of Rome, Books I-V + Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius
Machiavelli takes Livy's first decade as his text, drawing political lessons from Brutus's sons, the tribunes, the decemvirs and Camillus that Livy told as moral examples.
The History of Rome, Books I-V + The Aeneid
Written in the same Augustan years, Virgil's epic and Livy's prose both treat Aeneas and Rome's founding as a story of piety and destiny after civil war.
The History of Rome, Books I-V + The Histories, Book VI
Polybius explains Rome's success by its mixed constitution; Livy shows the same consuls, senate and tribunes being built through the quarrels of Books II-IV.
The History of Rome, Books I-V + City of God
Augustine, in Books I-III, reads Lucretia, Brutus and the Gallic sack from Livy and asks whether Roman glory was true virtue, writing after the Gothic sack of 410.
The History of Rome, Books I-V + Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War
Sallust, a generation earlier, shares Livy's theme that wealth and ambition corrupted Roman manners, but writes about his own century rather than the distant origins.
Lochner v. New York + Slaughter-House Cases
Justice Field's 1873 dissent on the right to pursue a lawful calling supplied much of the reasoning that Peckham's majority adopted thirty-two years later.
Lochner v. New York + The Wealth of Nations
Smith called the property every man has in his own labour the most sacred and inviolable, a view of free labor that shaped the liberty-of-contract tradition behind the majority.
Lochner v. New York + On Liberty
Mill's principle that society may restrain an individual only to prevent harm to others bears on the dispute over whether bakers needed protection from their own agreements.
Lochner v. New York + Wickard v. Filburn
By 1942 the Court had adopted the deference to economic legislation that Holmes and Harlan urged, upholding federal limits on a farmer's own wheat crop.
Lochner v. New York + The Federalist Papers
Federalist No. 78 distinguishes judicial judgment from legislative will, the line Holmes accused the majority of crossing and the majority believed it was guarding.
A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity + Cybernetics
Wiener turns nervous systems into feedback systems; McCulloch and Pitts turn neural activity into logical structure.
A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity + On Computable Numbers and Computing Machinery
Turing abstracts the machine of computation, while this paper abstracts the biological tissue that might implement thought.
A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity + The Principles of Psychology
William James describes the stream and habits of consciousness; McCulloch and Pitts seek a formal neural substrate beneath such experience.
A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity + An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Locke analyzes ideas philosophically; McCulloch and Pitts recast ideas as immanent in bodily neural events.
Long Walk to Freedom + I Am Prepared to Die
The Rivonia speech presents Mandela at the threshold of imprisonment; the memoir narrates the decades that followed.
Long Walk to Freedom + Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail
King and Mandela both make confinement central to political witness, but Mandela's memoir emphasizes endurance across decades.
Long Walk to Freedom + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Douglass and Mandela use autobiography to expose racial domination and claim political personhood.
Lord Jim + Heart of Darkness
Marlow narrates both; Kurtz's corruption and Jim's failure are complementary studies of European idealism tested in the colonial world.
Lord Jim + Billy Budd and Other Stories
Both maritime narratives turn on a trial and a young man's fate under codes of naval or maritime honour.
Lord Jim + Don Quixote
Jim, like Quixote, is shaped by romantic reading and tries to live as a hero of the books he loved.
Lord Jim + The Quiet American
Both explore an idealistic Westerner's well-intentioned actions in Asia with fatal results for others.
Lord Jim + The Iliad
Jim's obsession with honour and shame and his final acceptance of death recall the Homeric hero's code.
Lord of the Flies + Robinson Crusoe
Defoe's castaway builds order, faith and industry alone on his island; Golding's boys, with many hands and a whole community, unravel. The two islands test the same human nature to opposite conclusions.
Lord of the Flies + Leviathan
Hobbes's state of nature, a war of all against all where life is nasty, brutish and short, is close to what the island becomes once the conch loses its authority; Ralph's assemblies are a small attempt at the covenant Hobbes describes.
Lord of the Flies + Confessions
Augustine's theft of the pears in Book II, done for the pleasure of wrongdoing in company, is a classic Christian account of the sinfulness of children and of evil done together, which Golding dramatizes on a larger scale.
Lord of the Flies + Animal Farm
Both postwar English fables show a new community's rules eroded by a leader who rules by fear; Orwell's target is a political revolution, Golding's is human nature itself.
Lord of the Flies + The Bacchae and Other Plays
In Euripides' Bacchae a frenzied, worshipping band tears Pentheus apart; Simon's death in the hunters' storm-dance echoes that ancient picture of religious ecstasy turned to killing.
Lord of the Flies + Heart of Darkness
Conrad's Kurtz and Golding's Jack both find, far from the restraints of home, the darkness of the human heart; Golding's closing line about man's heart answers Conrad's title.
Love and Freindship and Other Early Works + Northanger Abbey
Austen's first finished novel continues the juvenilia's burlesque of fiction, now aimed at the Gothic romance and its reader Catherine Morland.
Love and Freindship and Other Early Works + Sense and Sensibility
Marianne Dashwood carries Laura's cult of feeling into a serious novel, where its cost is real illness rather than comic swooning.
Love and Freindship and Other Early Works + Emma
The mature Austen still writes about imagination misleading a heroine, but Emma's errors are corrected by self-knowledge instead of being exploded by farce.
Love and Freindship and Other Early Works + Pride and Prejudice
Lydia's elopement and Mr Collins's absurdities show the juvenilia's comic energy brought within realistic bounds.
Love and Freindship and Other Early Works + Don Quixote
Cervantes's parody of chivalric romance is the great model for fiction that mocks a fashionable genre by following its rules too faithfully.
Lowe v. SEC + SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.
Capital Gains held a newsletter publisher to a fiduciary duty of disclosure; Lowe, relying on the same legislative history, held that a genuinely impersonal newsletter is not an adviser at all, and White's concurrence cites Capital Gains to show why the Commission wanted publishers covered.
Lowe v. SEC + Near v. Minnesota
Stevens cites the 1931 decision striking down a law allowing newspapers to be enjoined as a nuisance, reasoning that Congress knew of it when it drafted the publisher's exclusion in 1940.
Lowe v. SEC + Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis
Both decisions turn on close reading of the Advisers Act's text and history to define the limits of the statute, one for who is an adviser and the other for who may sue.
Lowe v. SEC + On Liberty
Mill's defense of open discussion as a check on error frames the majority's description of the newsletter market as a public forum in which anyone may express views.
Lowe v. SEC + New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
Two decades earlier the Court had held that the press needs breathing space even when it errs, a backdrop for both opinions' unwillingness to let the Commission silence Lowe entirely.
Farewell to Baseball ("The Luckiest Man on the Face of the Earth") + On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX)
Milton, losing his sight in middle age, and Gehrig, losing his strength at thirty-six, both turn a bodily affliction into an occasion for patience and thanks rather than complaint.
Farewell to Baseball ("The Luckiest Man on the Face of the Earth") + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Tolstoy's dying judge discovers too late that his life was empty; Gehrig, facing a fatal diagnosis, publicly counts the people who made his life full.
Farewell to Baseball ("The Luckiest Man on the Face of the Earth") + I Will Fight No More Forever
Two short American farewells by men whose struggle has ended: Joseph speaks of the dead and freezing, Gehrig of the living who sustained him, and both are remembered for their plainness.
The Bondage of the Will (De Servo Arbitrio) + On Free Will (De Libero Arbitrio)
The treatise Luther is answering; the two books share nearly the same list of texts, read in opposite directions.
The Bondage of the Will (De Servo Arbitrio) + Selected Sermons and Reformation Treatises
The Freedom of a Christian (1520) and Luther's sermons give the pastoral setting of the doctrine he defends here at its most technical.
The Bondage of the Will (De Servo Arbitrio) + Selected Sermons
Calvin, who also wrote on the bondage of the will against Albert Pighius, carried Luther's teaching on grace and predestination into the Reformed tradition.
The Bondage of the Will (De Servo Arbitrio) + Confessions
Augustine's account of the divided will in Book VIII is the classic description of the inability Luther describes, and Luther claims Augustine as his teacher on grace.
The Bondage of the Will (De Servo Arbitrio) + The Consolation of Philosophy
Boethius argues that divine foreknowledge does not impose necessity on free acts, a position Luther rejects in favour of God's immutable will.
The Bondage of the Will (De Servo Arbitrio) + Pensees
Pascal, writing from within the Jansenist controversies over grace, wrestles with the same questions of a bound will and a hidden God.
Selected Sermons and Reformation Treatises + Confessions
Augustine and Luther both dramatize inward bondage and grace, but Luther turns the anxious conscience into a mass Reformation issue.
Selected Sermons and Reformation Treatises + Selected Sermons
Calvin systematizes reform with disciplined exposition, while Luther's sermons often retain a more volatile and personal immediacy.
Selected Sermons and Reformation Treatises + Homilies on the Statues
Chrysostom and Luther both treat public crisis through preaching, though Luther's crisis is doctrinal and institutional rather than one city's fear of punishment.
Principles of Geology + On the Origin of Species
Darwin's argument that small variations accumulated over vast time produce new species applies Lyell's method to the living world; his chapter on the imperfection of the geological record draws directly on Lyell.
Principles of Geology + The Voyage of the Beagle
Darwin read the Principles on the voyage and interpreted the raised beaches of Chile and the coral islands of the Pacific through Lyell's eyes; Lyell in turn cites Darwin's observations throughout.
Principles of Geology + Novum Organon Renovatum
Whewell, who coined the terms uniformitarian and catastrophist in reviewing Lyell, treats geology as a palaetiological science that reasons from present effects to past causes.
Principles of Geology + The Bible
Lyell's Chapter V argues that a short chronology drawn from Genesis held back geology; reading the two side by side raises the question of what kind of history the opening chapters of Genesis intend to give.
Lysistrata and Other Plays + The Last Days of Socrates
Plato's Apology names Aristophanes' comic Socrates as one cause of the hostility that led to his trial.
Lysistrata and Other Plays + The Iliad
Aristophanes' comic resistance to war answers the heroic ethic of epic, which Athenians knew intimately.
Lysistrata and Other Plays + The Satires of Horace and Persius
Horace names Aristophanes and the poets of Old Comedy as forerunners of Roman satire's freedom to attack vice.
Lysistrata and Other Plays + Testament of Youth
Both express the war-weariness of the home front, Aristophanes through fantasy, Brittain through testimony.
Macbeth + The Twelve Caesars
Suetonius's emperors, haunted by omens and murdering rivals, show the same pattern of tyranny breeding fear that consumes Macbeth.
Macbeth + Death of a Salesman
Both protagonists are lured by voices promising greatness and destroyed by the pursuit.
Macbeth + The Iliad
Both explore the warrior's code and violence, but Macbeth turns heroic killing into criminal murder.
Macbeth + The Nibelungenlied
Kriemhild's relentless vengeance and Lady Macbeth's ambition both portray a woman driving cycles of bloodshed in a warrior society.
Macbeth + The Arthashastra
Kautilya's handbook of ruthless statecraft offers a calculating view of seizing and keeping power that contrasts with Macbeth's guilt-ridden tyranny.
Popular Scientific Lectures + Relativity: The Special and General Theory
Einstein acknowledged that Mach's criticism of absolute space and time in The Science of Mechanics helped prepare his own thinking; the lectures give Mach's broader view that physical concepts must be grounded in observation and measurement.
Popular Scientific Lectures + Principia
Newton defined absolute space and time in the Principia's Scholium; Mach's economy lecture and his Science of Mechanics treat those notions as unnecessary metaphysics that experience cannot measure.
Popular Scientific Lectures + Science and Hypothesis
Poincaré, writing a few years later, also treats many scientific principles as convenient conventions, but he gives hypotheses a more positive role than Mach's emphasis on economical description.
Popular Scientific Lectures + On the Origin of Species
Mach's lecture on transformation and adaptation applies Darwin's language of variation and adaptation to the growth of ideas.
Popular Scientific Lectures + Studies on Hysteria
Josef Breuer, whom Mach names as a fellow discoverer of the function of the semicircular canals, later wrote Studies on Hysteria with Freud; the two books show the same Viennese physiologist at work in two very different fields.
Popular Scientific Lectures + Novum Organum
Bacon sought to order experience through method and tables of instances; Mach shares the aim of compact, useful knowledge but explains it by economy of thought rather than by uncovering the forms of nature.
Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius + The Prince
Written in the same years: The Prince counsels a single new ruler, the Discourses a republic. Book I, ch. LVIII, preferring the people to the prince, and Book III, ch. IX, on changing with the times, are often read against Prince ch. XVII and XXV.
Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius + The Art of War
Book II's arguments for citizen infantry and against mercenaries, money and fortresses are developed in The Art of War (1521), set in the same Rucellai gardens.
Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius + The Republic and The Laws
Cicero's Republic praises the Roman mixed constitution as the best; Machiavelli agrees, but credits Rome's liberty to the conflict of orders that Cicero regarded as a danger.
Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius + The Histories, Book VI
Book I, ch. II, follows closely Polybius's cycle of six constitutions and his account of Rome's mixed government.
Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius + A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America
John Adams studied Machiavelli's account of Rome and Florence when defending the balanced constitutions of the American states.
Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius + The Social Contract
Rousseau's chapters on Roman institutions and civil religion engage the Discourses directly, and he called The Prince a book for republicans.
Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention + The Federalist Papers
The Federalist Papers present Madison's polished public defense; the Notes show the messy deliberation beneath that defense.
Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention + Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible
Jefferson's religious liberty and Madison's Memorial share disestablishment commitments with different rhetorical styles.
Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention + The Anti-Federalist Papers
Madison's institutional designs face Anti-Federalist worries about consolidation, rights, and remote power.
Magna Carta + The Founding Documents
The Fifth Amendment's promise that no one be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law descends from clause 39's lawful judgment of peers and law of the land.
Magna Carta + Commentaries on the Laws of England
Blackstone treats the Great Charter as a foundation of the absolute rights of Englishmen in Book I and himself edited the text of the charters in 1759.
Magna Carta + The Articles of Confederation
Both documents limit a central authority by written terms: the barons bind a king with a council of twenty-five, while the American states bind their Congress by requiring nine states for major acts and unanimity for amendment.
Magna Carta + Ivanhoe
Scott's novel portrays Prince John as a scheming regent under Richard I, giving students a fictional picture of the ruler who later sealed the charter.
Magna Carta + The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood
Pyle's outlaw tales set forest law and greedy sheriffs at the centre, the same grievances the charter's forest and sheriff clauses (44-48) try to correct.
Make Way for Ducklings + The Tale of Peter Rabbit
Both are picture books about small animals in a world made by people, but Peter disobeys his mother and barely escapes the garden, while the ducklings obey Mrs. Mallard and cross a city safely.
Make Way for Ducklings + Homer Price
McCloskey's own story collection for older children shares the same affectionate eye for American townspeople and the same comic order restored after a public commotion.
Make Way for Ducklings + The Cricket in Times Square
Another country creature finds a home in the heart of an American city; both books depend on kind city people who make room for an animal newcomer.
Make Way for Ducklings + Little Bear
Mother Bear and Mrs. Mallard are calm, wise mothers who teach and protect; both books give the youngest readers a picture of secure family love.
Death in Venice + The Birth of Tragedy
Nietzsche's contrast of Apollonian form and Dionysian frenzy is the clearest background for Aschenbach's disciplined art and for the Chapter V dream of the foreign god's rite.
Death in Venice + Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII
Aschenbach recalls Socrates instructing Phaedrus on beauty, madness and love; reading Plato's dialogue shows how selectively he uses it and how the dialogue's ascent toward the good is missing from his reverie.
Death in Venice + The Metamorphosis
Kafka's story, published in 1915, also follows a dutiful working man whose ordered life is overturned by an inner change, ending in a death that the household and the world absorb with little pause.
Death in Venice + The Plague
Camus's Oran and Mann's Venice both face epidemics that officials are slow to name; Camus's doctor Rieux fights the disease openly, while Aschenbach keeps silent for private reasons.
Death in Venice + The Picture of Dorian Gray
Wilde's novel also joins a cult of youthful beauty to art and decay; its painted portrait and Aschenbach's painted face both make visible the cost of trying to stop time.
Man's Search for Meaning + Twilight of the Idols
Frankl repeatedly cites Nietzsche's maxim from Maxims and Arrows 12, that one who has a why to live for can bear almost any how, and makes it a principle of psychotherapy in the camp.
Man's Search for Meaning + Studies on Hysteria
Breuer and Freud's case histories found the roots of symptoms in buried memories and affects; Frankl's school, the third in Vienna, looks instead for an unfulfilled meaning and appeals to the patient's freedom and responsibility.
Man's Search for Meaning + Civilization and Its Discontents
Freud explains human unhappiness through the conflict of instinct and culture and the pleasure principle; Frankl replies that a will to meaning, not to pleasure, is primary, and that pleasure is a by-product of fulfilled meaning.
Man's Search for Meaning + Letters and Papers from Prison
Bonhoeffer in a Nazi prison and Frankl in the camps both reflect, while confined, on freedom, responsibility and suffering, Bonhoeffer as a Lutheran theologian and Frankl as a Jewish psychiatrist.
Man's Search for Meaning + The Sickness Unto Death
Kierkegaard's analysis of despair as a sickness of the self is an ancestor of existential psychiatry; Frankl's existential vacuum and noögenic neurosis describe a related condition in clinical terms.
Man's Search for Meaning + Meditations
Marcus Aurelius's insistence that judgments, not events, disturb us anticipates Frankl's last of the human freedoms, the choice of one's attitude to what cannot be changed.
Mansfield Park + Persuasion
Both Austen heroines are quiet, overlooked women of firm principle; Anne Elliot's maturity contrasts with Fanny's youthful constancy.
Mansfield Park + Sense and Sensibility
Both novels contrast restraint with charm and feature a heroine who suffers silently in love.
Mansfield Park + Northanger Abbey
Both Austen novels examine how reading and performance shape young people's judgment, from Gothic novels to Lovers' Vows.
Mansfield Park + 12 Years a Slave
The plantation wealth unspoken at Mansfield is the world Northup describes from inside; reading them together brings the 'dead silence' into view.
Mansfield Park + Excellent Women
Pym's Mildred inherits Fanny's role as the dependable, overlooked woman whose moral sense others rely on.
Mapp v. Ohio + The Founding Documents
The Fourth Amendment in the Bill of Rights is the text Clark and Harlan interpret: its ban on unreasonable searches and its requirement of particular warrants are the starting point for both opinions.
Mapp v. Ohio + Commentaries on the Laws of England
Blackstone describes the common-law rule that every right has a remedy and the old protections of a man's house, the background Clark draws on when he argues that a right without exclusion would be empty.
Mapp v. Ohio + The Anti-Federalist Papers
Anti-Federalist writers protested general warrants and pressed for a bill of rights; Mapp asks how those protections bind the states, a question the 1791 amendments left open.
Mapp v. Ohio + Gideon v. Wainwright
Two years after Mapp the Court again carried a federal criminal-procedure guarantee to the states, this time the right to counsel, and again overruled a recent precedent.
Mapp v. Ohio + Miranda v. Arizona
Harlan dissented in both cases; in Miranda he contrasted the warnings rule with Mapp, saying Mapp at least reflected a changing consensus among state courts.
Mapp v. Ohio + Barron v. Baltimore
Marshall's 1833 holding that the Bill of Rights restrained only the federal government is the older rule that cases like Mapp, working through the Fourteenth Amendment, steadily revised.
Marbury v. Madison + The Federalist Papers
Hamilton's Federalist No. 78 argues that the courts must treat the Constitution as fundamental law and set aside contrary statutes, a line of reasoning Marshall follows closely without citing it.
Marbury v. Madison + The Anti-Federalist Papers
The essays of Brutus warned in 1788 that federal judges, independent and unreviewable, would expound the Constitution according to its spirit and enlarge national power; Marbury shows the judicial power the Anti-Federalists foresaw, though here used to decline jurisdiction.
Marbury v. Madison + The Founding Documents
Marshall's argument turns on specific words of the Constitution: the list of original jurisdiction in Article III, the judicial oath in Article VI, and the Supremacy Clause's phrase in pursuance thereof.
Marbury v. Madison + Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible
Jefferson's letters set out the departmental view that each branch decides constitutional questions for itself in its own sphere, the principal rival to the theory of judicial review announced in Marbury.
Marbury v. Madison + McCulloch v. Maryland
Sixteen years later Marshall turned from limiting Congress to upholding its implied powers, and from judicial authority over federal statutes to federal supremacy over state law.
Marbury v. Madison + Dred Scott v. Sandford
Dred Scott (1857) was the next decision after Marbury in which the Court declared an act of Congress, the Missouri Compromise restriction, unconstitutional.
A Mathematical Theory of Communication + An Investigation of the Laws of Thought
Shannon gives Boole's algebra an engineering application by showing how logical relations can be embodied in relay and switching circuits.
A Mathematical Theory of Communication + Cybernetics
Wiener shares Shannon's mathematical world but emphasizes control and feedback, especially in animals, machines, and nervous systems.
A Mathematical Theory of Communication + As We May Think
Bush imagines tools for associative knowledge work, while Shannon formalizes the transmission and coding of messages through noisy channels.
A Mathematical Theory of Communication + Destruction and Creation and the OODA Loop Briefings
Boyd later uses information, uncertainty, and adaptation in strategic thought, extending communication theory into conflict and decision tempo.
Selected Short Stories + The Meek One
Dostoevsky's monologue and Maupassant's 'The Horla' both render a disordered consciousness from within, ending in death.
Selected Short Stories + The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories
Lovecraft admired 'The Horla', whose invisible invader from beyond anticipates his cosmic horror.
Selected Short Stories + The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern Papers
Both 'The Horla' and James's tale leave open whether the supernatural is real or the narrator is deluded.
Selected Short Stories + Candide: Or Optimism
Both use ironic narration to expose the selfishness and cruelty of 'respectable' people in times of war.
Selected Short Stories + The Portable Dorothy Parker
Parker's stories share Maupassant's ironic endings and sharp eye for social pretension.
The Mayflower Compact + A Model of Christian Charity
Winthrop's 1630 sermon to the Massachusetts Bay settlers also frames a new community as a covenant with God, ten years after the Plymouth compact.
The Mayflower Compact + Second Treatise of Government
Locke's 1689 account of men uniting by consent into one body politic reads almost as a theory of what the Mayflower passengers did in practice in 1620.
The Mayflower Compact + The Founding Documents
The compact's civil body politic and just and equal laws anticipate the Declaration's consent of the governed and the Constitution's We the People, though the compact professes loyalty to a king.
The Mayflower Compact + The Articles of Confederation
Both are written agreements by which separate parties bind themselves into a common government; the Articles join thirteen states, the compact forty-one men.
The Mayflower Compact + The Pilgrim's Progress
Bunyan's allegory of the Christian pilgrim comes from the same English Puritan and Nonconformist world that gave the Plymouth settlers the name Pilgrims.
McCulloch v. Maryland + Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank
Hamilton's 1791 opinion for Washington defended the first bank with the same reading of necessary as needful, useful or conducive that Marshall adopted in 1819.
McCulloch v. Maryland + Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible
Jefferson's 1791 opinion against the bank read the Necessary and Proper Clause strictly, warning that a broad reading would give Congress unlimited power, the position Maryland's counsel revived.
McCulloch v. Maryland + The Anti-Federalist Papers
Brutus and other critics warned in 1787-1788 that the Necessary and Proper and Supremacy Clauses would allow Congress to absorb the states' powers, including taxation; McCulloch addressed both clauses together.
McCulloch v. Maryland + The Federalist Papers
Counsel cited The Federalist on concurrent taxing powers, and Marshall answered that its authors had not addressed a state tax on a federal instrument; Federalist No. 44 also defends the Necessary and Proper Clause.
McCulloch v. Maryland + The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
The resolutions of 1798 described the Constitution as a compact among the states, the theory Marshall rejected when he traced the government's authority to the people.
McCulloch v. Maryland + Gibbons v. Ogden
Five years later Marshall again applied federal supremacy against a state measure, this time reading the commerce power broadly to defeat New York's steamboat monopoly.
John Adams + Thoughts on Government and Selected Letters
Adams's own diary, letters and political essays are the primary sources from which McCullough builds his portrait; reading them gives Adams's voice without a biographer's framing.
John Adams + A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America
McCullough describes the writing of the Defence in London in 1786-87; the treatise itself shows the political thought that some reviewers felt the biography passes over quickly.
John Adams + Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible
Jefferson's papers, including letters from the late correspondence with Adams, show the other side of the friendship and rivalry at the center of the book.
John Adams + Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack
Franklin's self-portrait can be set beside McCullough's account of his working partnership with Adams in Paris, where their temperaments and methods differed sharply.
John Adams + The Founding Documents
The Declaration of Independence that Adams championed in Congress and the Constitution under which he served as vice president and president.
John Adams + The Federalist Papers
Hamilton's essays on executive power and federal government show the political thinking of the Federalist rival who later broke with Adams.
Medea and Other Plays + The Bacchae and Other Plays
Both Euripides collections show rational control overwhelmed by divine or emotional forces that the city has misread.
Medea and Other Plays + The Theban Plays
Medea and Antigone are isolated women whose speech challenges male civic authority, though their moral positions differ sharply.
Medea and Other Plays + Macbeth
Both place child-killing, ambition and gendered rhetoric at the center of domestic horror.
Medea and Other Plays + The Trojan Women and Other Plays
The Trojan Women and Hecuba follow Euripides's Medea in setting a wronged woman at the centre of the stage, here the captive queen of Troy and her daughters after the city's fall.
Medea and Other Plays + Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays
Iphigenia in Aulis and the other plays in E. P. Coleridge's prose translation complete the extant Euripides alongside this volume, from Agamemnon's sacrifice of his daughter to Orestes, Helen, Ion and Heracles.
Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Burton offers a literary-scholarly anatomy of melancholy; Rush turns mental disorder into an American medical taxonomy.
Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind + The Principles of Psychology
James later studies mind with psychological nuance after psychiatry and neurology had developed beyond Rush's heroic medicine.
Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind + A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People During the Late Awful Calamity in Philadelphia
Allen and Jones reveal epidemic care from exposed Black caregivers, while Rush represents elite Philadelphia medical authority.
Meditations on First Philosophy + Discourse on Method
The Discourse tells the autobiographical story of Descartes's method and gives the French 'je pense, donc je suis'; the Meditations rework the same argument in Latin without the 'therefore', for learned readers.
Meditations on First Philosophy + The Passions of the Soul
Descartes's last book develops the union of mind and body only gestured at in the sixth meditation, introducing the pineal gland and the animal spirits to explain emotion.
Meditations on First Philosophy + Essays
Montaigne's 'Apology for Raymond Sebond' assembles the sceptical arguments, dreams and deceiving senses included, that the first meditation deploys and then sets out to defeat.
Meditations on First Philosophy + Ethics
Spinoza wrote a geometrical exposition of Descartes's principles before rejecting his two substances in favour of one, abolishing the interaction problem the sixth meditation leaves open.
Meditations on First Philosophy + Leviathan
Hobbes wrote the Third Objections, arguing that a thinking thing may be corporeal; Leviathan builds a wholly material psychology against which Descartes's thinking substance stands.
Meditations on First Philosophy + An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Locke rejects Descartes's innate ideas and grounds knowledge in experience, while retaining a similar distinction between primary and secondary qualities of bodies.
Meditations + The Bhagavad Gita
Both teach action without attachment to results and equanimity in pleasure and pain, framed around a warrior's duty.
Meditations + Confessions
Both are inward-turned writings by men of public responsibility; Marcus addresses himself in Stoic discipline, Augustine addresses God.
Meditations + Fragments
Marcus cites Heraclitus repeatedly; his meditations on flux and logos draw on Heraclitean ideas.
Meditations + Essays
Plutarch's moral essays, such as 'On Tranquillity of Mind', offer a Platonist parallel to Marcus's Stoic therapy of the passions.
Meditations + The Last Days of Socrates
Socrates' calm acceptance of death was a model for the Stoics, and Marcus invokes Socrates as an exemplar.
Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity) + On the Origin of Species
Darwin's theory needed a source of heritable variation that would not be blended away; Bateson's introduction remarks that the history of evolutionary thought would have been very different had Mendel's paper reached Darwin.
Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity) + The Descent of Man
Darwin's later book discusses the inheritance of traits in human beings without a theory of particulate heredity; Mendelian principles, applied to human traits after 1900, supplied one.
Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity) + An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine
Published in 1865, the same year Mendel read his paper, Bernard's book argues for the experimental method in the life sciences; Mendel's design, counting and testing of predictions exemplify such method in botany.
Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity) + Novum Organon Renovatum
Whewell held that discovery joins precise facts to a new conception and that true theories predict unobserved results; Mendel's hypothesis of equal germ cells, confirmed by back-crosses, fits that account.
Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity) + Elements of Chemistry
Bateson declared Mendel's experiments worthy to rank with those that founded the atomic laws of chemistry; Lavoisier's careful weighing, like Mendel's careful counting, turned qualitative observation into quantitative law.
Mental Maladies + A Treatise on Insanity
Mental Maladies pairs with this work because Pinel gives an earlier reformist and nosological frame for asylum psychiatry.
Mental Maladies + Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind
Mental Maladies pairs with this work because Rush provides an American medical and asylum counterpart for early psychiatric classification.
Mental Maladies + Mental Pathology and Therapeutics
Mental Maladies pairs with this work because Griesinger presses psychiatry toward brain disease and medical therapeutics.
Mental Maladies + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Mental Maladies pairs with this work because Burton gives a learned early-modern map of melancholy before nineteenth-century psychiatric nosology.
Mental Pathology and Therapeutics + Mental Maladies
Mental Pathology and Therapeutics pairs with this work because Esquirol expands French alienism into hallucination, monomania, suicide, and institutional design.
Mental Pathology and Therapeutics + Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry
Mental Pathology and Therapeutics pairs with this work because Kraepelin shows the later course-based diagnostic method that reorganized psychiatric categories.
Mental Pathology and Therapeutics + Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias
Mental Pathology and Therapeutics pairs with this work because Bleuler revises Kraepelin by emphasizing schizophrenia, association, affect, and heterogeneity.
Mental Pathology and Therapeutics + The Principles of Psychology
Mental Pathology and Therapeutics pairs with this work because William James offers a philosophical psychology of mind, habit, attention, and experience.
Mere Christianity + Institutes of the Christian Religion
Calvin also opens with the knowledge of God and of ourselves, but writes a full Reformed systematic theology for the learned; Lewis deliberately sets aside the questions that divided Protestants and Catholics and speaks to radio listeners in plain terms.
Mere Christianity + The Screwtape Letters
Written in the same war years, Screwtape dramatizes from the tempter's side the teaching on pride, humility, prayer and moods that Mere Christianity states directly in Book III.
Mere Christianity + The Pilgrim's Progress
Bunyan presents the Christian life as a journey told in allegory; Lewis argues for the same faith by reasoning, yet his image of tin soldiers being made alive is as vivid as any of Bunyan's emblems.
Mere Christianity + The Consolation of Philosophy
Boethius reasons toward God from philosophy alone in prison, without naming Christ; Lewis likewise begins from reason and the moral sense, then moves explicitly to the Incarnation. Lewis drew on Boethius for his account of God's eternity outside time in Book IV.
Mere Christianity + Pensees
Pascal and Lewis both write apologetics for an indifferent audience and both appeal to human restlessness; Pascal works in fragments and the wager, Lewis in connected talks and the moral argument.
Mere Christianity + The Nicomachean Ethics
Lewis's treatment of the cardinal virtues as habits formed by repeated choices follows the classical account Aristotle gives of virtue as a settled disposition.
Metamorphoses + Frankenstein
Ovid's Prometheus shaping humanity and Pygmalion's statue brought to life frame the myths of creation and animation Shelley's subtitle evokes.
Metamorphoses + The Odyssey
Circe's transformations in Homer return in Ovid's Book XIV, rewritten in Ovid's psychological and ironic manner.
Metamorphoses + Troilus and Criseyde
Chaucer was steeped in Ovid, whose tales of love and betrayal shaped medieval romance.
Metamorphoses + Macbeth
Shakespeare knew Golding's Ovid; Medea's incantations in Book VII lie behind the witchcraft of the late plays and the cauldron imagery of Macbeth.
Metamorphoses + The Lais of Marie de France
Marie's werewolf and bird-lover lais continue Ovid's fascination with human-animal transformation.
Metamorphoses + Heroides
Ovid's earlier Heroides gives voice to several figures the Metamorphoses also treats, among them Medea, Ariadne and Deianira, as letter-writers pleading their own case rather than as characters in a narrative.
Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy + The Cost of Discipleship
Bonhoeffer's 1937 exposition of the Sermon on the Mount, written at Finkenwalde, is the book whose teaching on costly grace frames much of Metaxas's portrait; reading it shows Bonhoeffer's thought in his own words.
Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy + Letters and Papers from Prison
The Tegel letters on which the biography's final chapters draw; the later letters on religionless Christianity are where scholars most dispute Metaxas's reading.
Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy + The Hiding Place
Corrie ten Boom's memoir is another account of Christians who hid and helped Jews, were imprisoned by the Nazis, and wrote of faith in captivity; one is a memoir by a survivor, the other a biography of a man executed.
Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy + Man's Search for Meaning
Frankl, a Jewish psychiatrist who survived the camps, and Bonhoeffer, a Christian pastor who died in one, each found inner freedom under Nazi imprisonment, in logotherapy and in faith respectively.
Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy + Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption
Another 2010 popular biography of the Second World War era that made its subject widely known, centered on endurance in captivity and on faith; comparing the two shows the strengths and limits of narrative biography for a general audience.
Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy + Early Christian Lives
The ancient lives and martyr narratives shaped Christian ways of telling the story of a witness unto death; Metaxas's subtitle, Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy, both draws on and complicates that tradition.
Meyer v. Nebraska + Pierce v. Society of Sisters
Two years later McReynolds relied on Meyer to hold that Oregon could not require all children to attend public schools.
Meyer v. Nebraska + Wisconsin v. Yoder
Burger's 1972 opinion for Amish parents drew on the parental liberty recognized in Meyer and added the protection of the free exercise clause.
Meyer v. Nebraska + The Republic
McReynolds quotes Plato's proposal that the guardians' children be reared in common as an example of the view of individual and state that American institutions reject.
Meyer v. Nebraska + Essays on Education in a Republic
Benjamin Rush urged a uniform system of education to form republican citizens, an early statement of the civic aim Nebraska invoked.
Meyer v. Nebraska + West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
In 1943 the Court again limited the means a state may use in schools to build national unity, this time in the context of the flag salute.
Middlemarch + Silas Marner
Eliot's earlier and shorter novel of a Midlands village shares Middlemarch's concern with hidden pasts and slow moral change; Godfrey Cass's concealed marriage anticipates Bulstrode's concealed history.
Middlemarch + Bleak House
Two great Victorian panoramas with a doctor at the moral center, Woodcourt and Lydgate, and with buried pasts that a lawyer or a blackmailer drags into the open.
Middlemarch + Emma
Austen's Highbury and Eliot's Middlemarch are both close studies of provincial society; Emma's misjudgments and Dorothea's both turn on learning how little one sees of other people.
Middlemarch + The Portrait of a Lady
Henry James admired Middlemarch, and Isabel Archer's marriage to the cold aesthete Gilbert Osmond echoes Dorothea's to Casaubon: an ardent young woman choosing a husband she mistakes for a great soul.
Middlemarch + Pride and Prejudice
Where Austen's marriage plot ends at the wedding, Eliot begins with Dorothea's marriage in Book I and studies what follows.
Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel + The Little House
Burton's next picture book turns the steam shovel from hero to agent of change: shovels cut the road that brings the city to the Little House, while here a shovel finds a home in a small town.
Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel + Homer Price
McCloskey's Centerburg, with its runaway doughnut machine, is another small American town where a gadget causes trouble and a quick-thinking boy and curious neighbours gather to see it through.
Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel + Caps for Sale
Another picture book of the period built on repetition and a lone working man with his stock in trade; both peddler and shovel operator face a crisis and solve it by a sudden turn.
Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel + The Velveteen Rabbit
Both books give a beloved, worn object feelings of its own and ask what happens when it is no longer new, and both end with that object given a new life.
Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel + Life on the Mississippi
Twain mourns the steamboat pilot's trade after the railroads take the river traffic; Mike and Mary Anne meet the same fate from newer machines, though their story ends in a new job rather than a memory.
Considerations on Representative Government + On Liberty
On Liberty (1859) limits what society may do to the individual; Considerations (1861) designs the government that must respect those limits, and both books fear a uniform majority opinion.
Considerations on Representative Government + Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism ranks higher pleasures above lower ones and judges actions by their tendency to promote happiness; Considerations applies the same test to institutions, valuing those that improve the character and intelligence of citizens.
Considerations on Representative Government + The Subjection of Women
Chapter VIII's brief argument that sex is irrelevant to political rights is developed at length in The Subjection of Women (1869), written in the years when Mill pressed women's suffrage in Parliament.
Considerations on Representative Government + Democracy in America
Mill reviewed Tocqueville warmly and borrows from him the ideas that local institutions train citizens and that democratic majorities can press heavily on dissenting opinion; Chapter XVII uses Tocqueville's account of American federalism.
Considerations on Representative Government + The Federalist Papers
Madison's Federalist 10 defends a large representative republic as a cure for faction; Mill shares the concern with factional majorities but seeks the remedy in proportional representation and a skilled, accountable executive.
Considerations on Representative Government + Politics
Aristotle asks whether the many judging together may be wiser than the few and prefers a mixed constitution; Mill's ideal of popular control joined to skilled administration is a nineteenth-century version of that balance.
A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction + Novum Organon Renovatum
Whewell is Mill's chief opponent: he holds that induction superinduces a conception supplied by the mind upon the facts, while Mill holds that the conception is found in the facts. Reading both shows the strongest form of each side in the nineteenth-century debate.
A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction + Novum Organum
Bacon's tables of presence, absence and degrees anticipate Mill's Methods of Agreement, Difference and Concomitant Variations, and Mill praises Bacon for rejecting induction by simple enumeration.
A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction + An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
Hume questioned how experience can justify expectation and argued against belief in miracles on testimony; Mill grounds induction on the uniformity of nature as itself learned from experience and partly accepts, partly limits, Hume's argument on miracles.
A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction + The Logic of Scientific Discovery
Popper denied that science rests on induction and proposed falsification instead; Mill's discussion of white swans and of how a single instance may refute a universal is a useful point of comparison.
A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction + An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine
Bernard, a generation later, makes controlled comparison the basis of physiology and medicine, giving practical form to the difficulties Mill describes in testing whether a remedy works.
A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction + On Liberty
On Liberty applies to opinion the same conviction that knowledge grows through testing and correction; the Logic gives its epistemological background.
Minersville School District v. Gobitis + West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
Barnette overruled Gobitis in 1943 on almost identical facts, with Jackson answering Frankfurter's national-unity argument and Frankfurter restating his view of judicial restraint in dissent.
Minersville School District v. Gobitis + Reynolds v. United States
Frankfurter relies on the 1879 polygamy decision for the principle that a general law may be enforced against religiously motivated conduct; Stone treats compelled speech as a different kind of case.
Minersville School District v. Gobitis + The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
Jefferson's statute declared that no one shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship or suffer for his opinions, the tradition Stone invokes against a coerced pledge.
Minersville School District v. Gobitis + Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention
Madison's Memorial and Remonstrance holds that religion can be directed only by reason and conviction, not force, a premise close to Stone's insistence on freedom of mind and spirit.
Minersville School District v. Gobitis + The Founding Documents
The Free Exercise and Free Speech Clauses of the First Amendment, read through the Fourteenth, are the provisions both opinions interpret.
Minersville School District v. Gobitis + On Liberty
Mill's warning against the tyranny of the majority over opinion supplies a philosophical counterpart to Stone's concern for small minorities; Frankfurter's trust in public persuasion also echoes Mill's faith in open debate.
Miranda v. Arizona + The Founding Documents
The Fifth Amendment's clause that no person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself is the provision Warren, Harlan and White each interpret.
Miranda v. Arizona + Gideon v. Wainwright
Warren relies on Gideon for the right of an indigent suspect to appointed counsel; Harlan contrasts Gideon's gradual erosion of Betts with what he calls Miranda's sudden rule.
Miranda v. Arizona + Mapp v. Ohio
Both decisions keep evidence from juries to enforce a constitutional right, and Harlan dissented in each.
Miranda v. Arizona + Commentaries on the Laws of England
Blackstone records the common-law maxim that no man is bound to accuse himself, part of the English inheritance Warren and White read differently.
Miranda v. Arizona + Crime and Punishment
Porfiry Petrovich's patient, psychological questioning of Raskolnikov dramatizes the persuasive interrogation methods Warren found in police manuals.
Miranda v. Arizona + The Anti-Federalist Papers
Anti-Federalist writers demanded protection against compelled self-accusation in a federal bill of rights, a demand the Fifth Amendment answered.
Moby-Dick + Billy Budd and Other Stories
Melville's last sea story sets an innocent sailor against a dark master-at-arms under naval law, a more compressed tragedy than Ahab's.
Moby-Dick + Hamlet
Ahab's soliloquies and his doomed mission of revenge owe much to Shakespeare's tragedies, which Melville read closely while writing.
Moby-Dick + The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket
Poe's earlier Nantucket voyage also mixes sea adventure with a mysterious whiteness at the edge of the known world.
Moby-Dick + The Old Man and the Sea
Hemingway's fisherman also struggles alone with a great creature of the sea, but with humility and respect rather than hatred.
Moby-Dick + The Bible
The names Ishmael, Ahab, Elijah and Rachel, Father Mapple's Jonah and the Leviathan of Job all come from Scripture.
The Monroe Doctrine + Farewell Address and Selected Letters
Washington's Farewell Address (1796) warned against permanent alliances and entanglement in Europe's quarrels; Monroe's promise to stay out of Europe's wars builds directly on it while adding a claim about the Western Hemisphere.
The Monroe Doctrine + The Founding Documents
Monroe credits the nation's prosperity to the Constitution and contrasts American government with the European monarchies; the founding documents supply the system he is defending.
The Monroe Doctrine + Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention
Madison, Monroe's predecessor, was consulted on Canning's offer in 1823 and advised cooperation with Britain, a road Monroe did not finally take.
The Monroe Doctrine + Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible
Jefferson, Monroe's mentor, also advised accepting Canning's proposal and wrote that America should never entangle itself in the broils of Europe nor suffer Europe to meddle with American affairs.
The Monroe Doctrine + Citizenship in a Republic ("The Man in the Arena")
Theodore Roosevelt, whose 1904 corollary greatly enlarged the meaning of Monroe's statement, speaks in this 1910 address about the duties of citizens in a great republic.
Selected Sermons + Lectures on Revivals of Religion
Finney theorizes revival measures, while Moody normalizes the campaign system of sermon, song, inquiry, and publicity.
Selected Sermons + Selected Sermons
Spurgeon is more doctrinally ornate and print-sermon centered; Moody is plainer and more campaign-oriented.
Selected Sermons + Selected Sermons
Whitefield pioneered itinerant celebrity preaching, while Moody modernized mass evangelism through organization and music.
Mouse Soup + Aesop's Fables
Lobel's inner tales are fable-sized, and the frame story turns the old pattern of a small animal outwitting a stronger one into a plot; Two Large Stones in particular reads like a fable about contentment.
Mouse Soup + The Canterbury Tales
Chaucer's pilgrims and Lobel's mouse both tell stories inside a framing story; the frame in Mouse Soup is life or death, and the tales themselves become the mouse's escape.
Mouse Soup + The Tale of Peter Rabbit
Both are stories of a small animal who narrowly escapes ending up in a cook's pot; Peter escapes by running and luck, the mouse by thinking and talking.
Mouse Soup + Frog and Toad Are Friends
Lobel's best-known I Can Read book uses the same short, patterned sentences, but its stories are about friendship, while Mouse Soup's are about wit and escape.
Mouse Soup + Grasshopper on the Road
Published a year later, Lobel's Grasshopper also strings together short encounters with odd small creatures, each a little parable about how to live.
Mr. Popper's Penguins + Charlotte's Web
Both American animal stories center on a family farm or household that takes in an unusual animal and on a final choice made for the animal's good rather than for profit or fame.
Mr. Popper's Penguins + The Cricket in Times Square
Chester the cricket, like the Popper penguins, becomes a sensation as a performer in New York, and both books end with the animal going back to the open country where it belongs.
Mr. Popper's Penguins + Homer Price
Robert McCloskey's comic tales of a small Ohio town share the same 1930s-1940s American setting of radios, gadgets and tall-tale escalation.
Mr. Popper's Penguins + The Voyage of the Beagle
Darwin's real voyage shows the scientific world of exploration and animal observation that Mr. Popper reads about in his armchair and finally joins.
Mr. Popper's Penguins + The Wind in the Willows
Toad and Mr. Popper are both enthusiasts carried away by a passion, but Mr. Popper's love for his penguins ends in a sacrifice rather than in a scolding from friends.
Mrs. Dalloway + The Waves
Woolf's later novel carries the passing of the narrative from mind to mind further, giving six speakers' soliloquies across a lifetime instead of one London day.
Mrs. Dalloway + Orlando: A Biography
Three years later Woolf turned from a single day to a life of three and a half centuries; both books ask what makes a self continuous through time.
Mrs. Dalloway + A Farewell to Arms
Evans dies on the Italian front where Hemingway's Frederic Henry serves; Hemingway gives the war itself in plain declaratives, Woolf only its afterlife in a London mind.
Mrs. Dalloway + Testament of Youth
Vera Brittain's memoir records the grief and the changed postwar London that Woolf's minor characters carry, from the side of a nurse who lost her fiancé, brother and friends.
Mrs. Dalloway + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Tolstoy's dying judge and Woolf's Septimus both face physicians who treat the case and not the man, and both books end in a strange acceptance of death.
Mrs. Dalloway + The Great Gatsby
Published the same spring of 1925, Fitzgerald's novel also turns on a man who returns to find the woman he loved married to another and on a party that hides a death.
Much Ado About Nothing + Romeo and Juliet
Both plays are set in Italian cities and turn on a Friar's plan to give out that a young bride is dead; in Verona the scheme ends in tragedy, in Messina it leads to marriage.
Much Ado About Nothing + The Taming of the Shrew
Katherina and Petruchio are an earlier pair of sharp-tongued lovers; Beatrice and Benedick are brought together by friends and their own choice rather than by one partner's campaign.
Much Ado About Nothing + Twelfth Night
Both comedies contrast a melancholy plotter with a festive household and use letters and overhearing to expose self-love, in Malvolio's case and in Benedick's.
Much Ado About Nothing + Pride and Prejudice
Elizabeth Bennet and Darcy, like Beatrice and Benedick, begin in mutual scorn and must each give up pride before they can love.
Much Ado About Nothing + Tales from Shakespeare
Charles and Mary Lamb retell the Hero and Claudio story for young readers; comparing the retelling with the play shows what Dogberry and the prose wit add.
Munn v. Illinois + Slaughter-House Cases
Four years earlier the Court had read the Fourteenth Amendment narrowly against Louisiana butchers, with Field also in dissent defending the right to pursue a calling.
Munn v. Illinois + Lochner v. New York
In 1905 a majority adopted much of the economic liberty Field defended in Munn, striking down a bakers' hours law the Munn approach would likely have left to the legislature.
Munn v. Illinois + West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish
The 1937 decision upholding a minimum wage returned to Munn's deference to legislative judgment on economic regulation.
Munn v. Illinois + The Wealth of Nations
Smith's warning that people of the same trade seldom meet without conspiring to raise prices bears on the nine Chicago firms that agreed on common rates.
Munn v. Illinois + Commentaries on the Laws of England
Blackstone's account of property as an absolute right, subject to regulation by the laws of the land, frames the English common-law background both Waite and Field invoke.
My Ántonia + Little Women
Both are American novels of girls becoming women through hard work and loss, valuing domestic strength.
My Ántonia + East of Eden
Both are regional epics of settlers in the American West, mixing family saga with landscape.
My Ántonia + Ceremony
Both connect identity and healing to land: Cather through immigrant homesteaders on the Nebraska prairie, Silko through Laguna Pueblo story and the New Mexico landscape.
My Ántonia + Persuasion
Both look back on love that might have been, with a narrator or heroine reflecting on time and loss.
My Ántonia + The Odyssey
Jim's return to Ántonia after twenty years echoes the homecoming structure of epic, and Virgil frames Jim's university studies.
My Father's Dragon + The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Both send an American child to a strange land where talking animals, including a lion with a worry of his own, are met one by one on a road toward a goal.
My Father's Dragon + The Jungle Book
Kipling's jungle animals have laws and dignity; Gannett's jungle animals are lazy, vain and easily distracted, a comic counterpart to Mowgli's world.
My Father's Dragon + Mr. Popper's Penguins
Both are mid-century American comic novels in which an ordinary person's care for animals leads to an adventure, told in plain, deadpan prose.
My Father's Dragon + Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Alice and Elmer each fall into a world of absurd, self-important creatures; the mouse's spoonerisms and the boars' pompous reports recall Carroll's word play and mock-officials.
My Father's Dragon + The Hobbit
A small, unlikely hero sets off with a pack of supplies and survives by wit rather than strength, though Tolkien's dragon is a foe and Gannett's is a friend in need.
My Last Duchess + Ulysses
Tennyson's Ulysses, published the same year, is the other great early dramatic monologue; both speakers are rulers whose words reveal their characters, but Ulysses yearns outward while the Duke possesses.
My Last Duchess + Ozymandias
Shelley's sonnet also turns on a work of art that preserves a proud ruler's passions; the sculptor read Ozymandias's sneer as the reader reads the Duke's pride.
My Last Duchess + The Prince
Machiavelli describes the Italian princes of the age Browning imagines, who used cruelty and display to secure power; the Duke is a domestic study of the same world.
My Last Duchess + Mark Antony's Funeral Oration ("Friends, Romans, countrymen")
Antony's speech is a public performance that persuades by indirection; the Duke's private speech also works by indirection, but what it reveals undoes the impression he wants to make.
My Side of the Mountain + Walden
Sam's year in the woods is a child's version of Thoreau's experiment at Walden Pond, with the same interest in what a person truly needs, though Sam lives by hunting and foraging rather than beans and town visits.
My Side of the Mountain + Robinson Crusoe
Both are first-person survival stories built from practical detail, shelter, food stores and tools, though Crusoe is cast away and Sam chooses his solitude.
My Side of the Mountain + The Sign of the Beaver
Matt Hallowell, also alone in the Maine woods, learns to survive from Attean and his grandfather; set beside Sam, who learns from books and animals, the two show different teachers of wilderness skill.
My Side of the Mountain + The Swiss Family Robinson
A tree home stands at the centre of both books, but the Robinsons build theirs as a family while Sam's is a solitary refuge that his family finally joins.
My Side of the Mountain + Where the Red Fern Grows
Both follow a boy's deep bond with an animal he has trained, Frightful for Sam and Old Dan and Little Ann for Billy, in the American backcountry.
Napoleon's Maxims of War + Letters of Napoleon
The letters show the emperor improvising specific orders under pressure; the maxims abstract those decisions into general rules, sometimes smoothing over the contradictions the correspondence reveals.
Napoleon's Maxims of War + On War
Clausewitz analysed the same campaigns but rejected rule-based teaching, arguing that friction and chance defeat maxims; D'Aguilar's notes, by contrast, claim nothing in war is problematical.
Napoleon's Maxims of War + The Art of War
Sun Tzu's aphorisms and Napoleon's maxims share the compressed form, but Sun Tzu prizes winning without fighting, while the maxims prize decisive battle and speed.
Napoleon's Maxims of War + Instructions for His Generals
D'Aguilar drew on Frederick's instructions for his notes; Frederick's concerns with magazines and desertion reappear in maxims on lines of communication and the soldier's attachment to his colours.
Napoleon's Maxims of War + The Art of War
Machiavelli's dialogue also tries to distil ancient and modern military practice into precepts for a citizen army, three centuries before Burnod did the same for Napoleon.
Napoleon's Maxims of War + Personal Memoirs
Grant was a product of the West Point tradition that taught Napoleonic principles, and his memoirs show how such maxims were adapted, and sometimes discarded, in the American Civil War.
Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? + The Founding Documents
Douglass uses the founding principles as a measuring rod for the nation's treatment of the enslaved.
Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? + Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible
Jefferson's liberty language and slaveholding contradictions become the kind of founding doubleness Douglass exposes.
Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? + Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail
King inherits Douglass's prophetic strategy of forcing America to answer its own stated ideals.
A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People During the Late Awful Calamity in Philadelphia + Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind
Rush represents elite medical authority in Philadelphia; Allen and Jones center Black caregivers exposed by epidemic practice and racial myth.
A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People During the Late Awful Calamity in Philadelphia + Early Black Church Sermons and Addresses
The pamphlet anticipates Black church public witness, where religious leadership speaks for civic justice and communal memory.
A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People During the Late Awful Calamity in Philadelphia + A Journal of the Plague Year (Daniel Defoe)
Defoe's plague narrative studies urban epidemic fear; Allen and Jones add race, labor, and public rebuttal to epidemic literature.
Natural History: A Selection + De Materia Medica
Dioscorides is more focused and practical about drugs; Pliny is broader, more moralizing and more willing to preserve marvels.
Natural History: A Selection + The Histories
Like Herodotus, Pliny mixes inquiry, report and wonder, but turns travel curiosity into encyclopedia.
Natural History: A Selection + Galen: Selected Works
Galen seeks systematic medical authority, while Pliny preserves a looser archive of remedies, substances and beliefs.
Near v. Minnesota + Gitlow v. New York
Hughes builds on the 1925 assumption that the Fourteenth Amendment protects speech and press, now applying it to strike down a state law; Butler notes that the question was first decided only six years earlier.
Near v. Minnesota + Schenck v. United States
Hughes cites Holmes's 1919 opinion for the exceptional wartime case in which a government may prevent publication, such as the sailing dates of troop transports.
Near v. Minnesota + Commentaries on the Laws of England
Blackstone's statement that liberty of the press consists in laying no previous restraints upon publications is quoted by Hughes as the starting point of the historical argument.
Near v. Minnesota + The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Hughes quotes Madison's Report on the Virginia Resolutions, written in defense of the 1798 resolutions against the Sedition Act, for the broader American view of press freedom.
Near v. Minnesota + New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
Thirty-three years later the Court limited the subsequent punishment that Near left available, requiring public officials suing for libel to prove actual malice.
Near v. Minnesota + The Federalist Papers
Hamilton argued in No. 84 that liberty of the press could not be secured by a written definition and must rest on public opinion, a different approach to the question Near settles by constitutional rule.
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan + The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Brennan quotes the Virginia Resolutions of 1798 protesting the Sedition Act as a power levelled against the right of freely examining public characters and measures.
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan + Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention
Madison's Report of 1800 and his remark that the censorial power is in the people over the government are central to Brennan's reasoning.
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan + The Founding Documents
The First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of speech and of the press is the text both Brennan and Black interpret, applied to Alabama through the Fourteenth Amendment.
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan + On Liberty
Mill's argument that even false opinions serve truth by provoking its clearer perception parallels Brennan's view that erroneous statements must have breathing space.
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan + Near v. Minnesota
Near (1931) barred prior restraints on newspapers charging officials with misconduct; Sullivan extended protection to damages awarded after publication.
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan + Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail
The advertisement defended Dr. King and his campaign, and two of the ministers sued, Abernathy and Shuttlesworth, were his close associates in the movement his letter describes.
The Newburgh Address + Farewell Address and Selected Letters
The Farewell Address of 1796 returns to Newburgh's concerns, warning against faction and anything that would weaken the authority of the national government; that volume also holds his First Inaugural Address of 1789.
The Newburgh Address + The Articles of Confederation
Article VIII left taxing to the states, which is why Congress could not pay the officers whose grievances Washington had to answer in March 1783.
The Newburgh Address + Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank
Hamilton, who wrote to Washington in early 1783 about the army's claims, later proposed in the Report on Public Credit to fund at par the certificates held by former soldiers and their buyers.
The Newburgh Address + Julius Caesar
Shakespeare's Rome shows a victorious general's power overshadowing a republic; at Newburgh a victorious general used his authority to keep the army obedient to the civil government.
The Newburgh Address + The Founding Documents
The Constitution's grant to Congress of the power to tax, raise armies and pay the debts of the United States answers the weakness that produced the Newburgh crisis.
Opticks + Principia
The Principia states Newton's four Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy and the General Scholium's 'hypotheses non fingo'; the Opticks shows those rules at work in a long experimental inquiry and gives the fuller statement of analysis and synthesis in Query 31.
Opticks + Treatise on Light
Huygens explained reflection, refraction and double refraction by waves in an aether; Newton's Queries 25–29 answer such theories and propose light as small particles with 'sides'.
Opticks + Discourse on Method
Descartes, whose Meteors accompanied the Discourse, also explained the rainbow and colours, but from a mechanical hypothesis about rotating particles; Newton's prisms test what Descartes reasoned.
Opticks + Novum Organum
Bacon called for induction from experiments and crucial instances; Newton's analysis by experiment and induction is often read as the realization of Bacon's programme, though Newton adds mathematical measurement.
Opticks + The Chemical History of a Candle
Faraday's lectures build a whole science from simple apparatus and repeatable demonstrations, as the Opticks does with prisms, lenses and thin films.
Opticks + Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
Newton's argument from the contrivance of the eye and the uniformity of the planets is the kind of design argument that Hume's speakers Cleanthes and Philo debate later in the century.
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius + Wickard v. Filburn
The joint dissent calls Wickard the outer limit of the commerce power, and Roberts distinguishes regulating a farmer's wheat from compelling the purchase of insurance.
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius + Gonzales v. Raich
Raich allowed Congress to reach home-grown marijuana as part of an existing market; in 2012 the government relied on it, and the Chief Justice distinguished it as a case of regulating activity already under way.
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius + McCulloch v. Maryland
Roberts opens with Marshall's 1819 observation about the perpetual question of federal power and tests the mandate against the meaning of necessary and proper.
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius + Helvering v. Davis
The 1937 Social Security decision upheld old-age benefits under the taxing and spending powers, the same powers on which the 2012 Court sustained the mandate.
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius + Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
Roberts reviews the history of the direct-tax clause, including Pollock's 1895 holding, in concluding that the shared responsibility payment needs no apportionment.
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius + The Federalist Papers
Roberts quotes Hamilton's argument in Federalist No. 84 that the enumeration of powers is itself a bill of rights.
NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. + A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
Two years earlier the same Chief Justice had held that a Brooklyn poultry business affected interstate commerce too indirectly for federal wage and hour codes.
NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. + Wickard v. Filburn
Jackson's 1942 opinion built on the close-and-substantial-relation test, reaching wheat a farmer grew for his own use.
NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. + West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish
The same five-justice majority had upheld a state minimum wage two weeks before, completing the shift in both state and federal economic regulation.
NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. + Gibbons v. Ogden
Marshall's definition of commerce as intercourse among the states supplied the starting point that Hughes extended to industrial relations.
NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. + The Federalist Papers
Madison's account in Federalist No. 45 of federal powers as few and defined bears on Hughes's caution against a completely centralized government.
No Treason + Second Treatise of Government
Locke grounds government in consent but allows that residence and enjoyment of property give tacit consent; Spooner rejects tacit consent and demands each person's actual agreement.
No Treason + The Founding Documents
Spooner reads the Declaration's consent of the governed, the Constitution's preamble and its Article III definition of treason word by word; the founding texts are the documents he is interpreting.
No Treason + Discourse on Voluntary Servitude
Both hold that government rests on the cooperation of the governed; La Boétie explains why people keep consenting, Spooner argues that their supposed consent was never given.
No Treason + The Anti-Federalist Papers
The Anti-Federalists feared a consolidated national power and questioned the ratification process; Spooner presses similar concerns after the Civil War seemed to settle them.
No Treason + Walden
The library's Walden text includes Thoreau's Civil Disobedience, whose refusal to pay a poll tax and treatment of the tax collector as the state's face anticipate Spooner's arguments about taxation.
No Treason + The Social Contract
Rousseau seeks a general will in which each obeys only himself; Spooner insists that no will except each person's own can bind him.
Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases) + Legal Tender Cases
Hughes relied on the 1871 decision upholding paper legal tender for prior debts as the foundation of Congress's broad monetary power.
Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases) + Hepburn v. Griswold
Chase's 1870 opinion that paper money could not discharge earlier contracts is the closest precedent for the position the four dissenters took.
Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases) + McCulloch v. Maryland
Marshall's reasoning that the national government may choose appropriate means for its granted powers underlies Hughes's account of the currency power.
Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases) + The Wealth of Nations
Smith describes the raising of the denomination of coin as a disguised way for a state to lighten its debts, a criticism that bears directly on devaluation.
Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (Gold Clause Cases) + The Federalist Papers
Federalist No. 44 defends the ban on state paper money and laws impairing contracts, raising the question whether similar principles should bind Congress.
Northanger Abbey + Don Quixote
Catherine, like Don Quixote, reads her world through a favourite genre and must learn to see clearly.
Northanger Abbey + Cold Comfort Farm
Gibbons's parody of rural melodrama descends from Austen's parody of the Gothic, with a sensible heroine at the centre.
Northanger Abbey + Frankenstein
Published within months of each other, Frankenstein exemplifies the Gothic novel Austen gently mocks, but takes its terrors seriously.
Northanger Abbey + Persuasion
Published together in 1817, Austen's earliest and last completed novels make a striking pair of youth and maturity.
Northanger Abbey + The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern Papers
James's governess, like Catherine, may be reading a Gothic plot into a country house; James leaves the question open where Austen resolves it.
Notes from Underground + Crime and Punishment
Raskolnikov tests in action what the Underground Man only theorizes, and his road from isolation to Sonia's love completes the movement that breaks off when Liza walks into the snow.
Notes from Underground + The Brothers Karamazov
Ivan Karamazov's Grand Inquisitor, who offers bread and order in exchange for freedom, takes up the Underground Man's objection to a happiness that abolishes free choice.
Notes from Underground + White Nights
An earlier Petersburg dreamer tells his own story in the first person; the tender, lonely hero of 1848 becomes the bitter, self-watching narrator of 1864.
Notes from Underground + The Sickness Unto Death
Kierkegaard's analysis of despair as defiant self-assertion before God reads almost as a commentary on the narrator's spite and his refusal to be helped.
Notes from Underground + The Fall
Camus's Clamence, talking to a silent listener in an Amsterdam bar, is a twentieth-century descendant of the Underground Man's confessional monologue addressed to imaginary gentlemen.
Notes from Underground + Pensees
Pascal's thinking reed and his account of the restless, divided self anticipate the narrator's claim that human beings cannot be reduced to formula.
Notes on Menabrea's Sketch of the Analytical Engine + Passages from the Life of a Philosopher
Babbage's memoir supplies the inventor's grievances and mechanical history, while Lovelace's Notes give the Analytical Engine its most expansive theory of symbolic operation.
Notes on Menabrea's Sketch of the Analytical Engine + An Investigation of the Laws of Thought
Boole formalizes logic in algebraic terms; Lovelace imagines a machine that could act on formal relations once they are expressed in operational form.
Notes on Menabrea's Sketch of the Analytical Engine + On Computable Numbers and Computing Machinery
Turing later names and challenges the Lovelace objection, making her boundary between execution and origination a live problem for machine intelligence.
Notes on Menabrea's Sketch of the Analytical Engine + Frankenstein
Shelley and Lovelace both ask what human creators owe to artificial power, but Lovelace's machine remains bounded by formal instruction rather than Gothic animation.
Novum Organum + Discourse on Method
Descartes published his method seventeen years later. He too starts by demolishing inherited learning, but he rebuilds from a single indubitable certainty and mathematical deduction, whereas Bacon distrusts leaps to first principles and climbs slowly from particulars.
Novum Organum + Essays
Bacon's Essays apply the same aphoristic compression to civil and moral life. Reading 'Of Studies' or 'Of Regiment of Health' beside the idols shows one mind treating prudence and natural science as parallel kinds of practical knowledge.
Novum Organum + An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
Hume inherits Bacon's experimental ideal and turns it on induction itself, asking what justifies the inference from observed instances to unobserved ones. Bacon never doubted that a properly graduated induction could reach the forms of things.
Novum Organum + On Medicine
Bacon cites Celsus in Book I as an honest witness that remedies were found by trial before theories explained them. Celsus's preface on the dispute between the Empirics and the Rationalists is a direct ancestor of Bacon's ants and spiders.
Novum Organum + Natural History: A Selection
Pliny's encyclopaedic Natural History is exactly the kind of credulous compilation Bacon wanted replaced by a checked, experimental history. Yet Bacon's own Book II tables still borrow many examples from the ancient natural-history tradition.
Novum Organum + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Burton's Anatomy appeared in 1621, a year after the Novum Organum, and shows the older mode Bacon attacked: vast reliance on authorities, humoral theory and quotation. Read together they mark the turn from learned compilation toward experimental medicine.
Number the Stars + The Hiding Place
Corrie ten Boom's memoir tells of a Dutch Christian family who hid Jews in their Haarlem house during the same occupation years; the ten Booms are caught and sent to the camps, while Lowry's fictional Johansens see their friends safely to Sweden.
Number the Stars + The Blue Fairy Book
Lang's collection includes Little Red Riding-Hood, the tale Annemarie tells herself on the dark path in Chapter 14; she meets her own wolves in the soldiers' dogs and outwits them by playing the innocent girl with a basket.
Number the Stars + The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
Both are wartime stories for children; Lewis's Pevensies are evacuated from the London bombing into a land under a usurper's winter, while Annemarie's occupied Copenhagen is the real thing, and in both a child must choose loyalty in danger.
Number the Stars + Letters and Papers from Prison
Peter's letter from prison before his execution in Chapter 17 echoes the real letters of young Resistance members that Lowry cites in her afterword; Bonhoeffer's writings from a Nazi prison show the same calm under a death sentence from a Christian pastor's pen.
Number the Stars + Johnny Tremain
Both follow a child drawn into a secret resistance movement, carrying messages and seeing a beloved older friend die for the cause; Johnny rides for the Boston patriots, Annemarie runs a packet for the Danish rescuers.
Number the Stars + The Hundred Dresses
Two short novels for the same young readers about friendship and the outsider; Estes's girls fail a classmate through silence, while Annemarie keeps faith with Ellen at real cost.
O Captain! My Captain! + The Gettysburg Address
Lincoln at Gettysburg asked the living to finish the work for which soldiers died; Whitman's sailor stands where that work is done and its leader has fallen.
O Captain! My Captain! + Second Inaugural Address
Delivered six weeks before the assassination, Lincoln's address looks toward binding up the nation's wounds, the safe harbour Whitman's ship reaches without its captain.
O Captain! My Captain! + In Flanders Fields
Both are short rhymed elegies with a refrain from wartime that became schoolroom recitation pieces; McCrae's dead speak to the living, while Whitman's living speaker cannot rouse the dead.
O Captain! My Captain! + Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
Gray mourns the unremembered poor in a quiet churchyard; Whitman mourns the most public death of his century amid bells and crowds.
Obergefell v. Hodges + Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
Both decisions turn on how to read the liberty of the Due Process Clause; Dobbs applied the history-and-tradition test that Alito and Roberts urged in their Obergefell dissents, while stating that marriage precedents were not at issue.
Obergefell v. Hodges + Roe v. Wade
Roe and Obergefell are leading examples of the Court recognizing an unenumerated right under the Fourteenth Amendment, and in both the dissenters argued that the matter belonged to state legislatures.
Obergefell v. Hodges + Lochner v. New York
Chief Justice Roberts cites Lochner and Justice Holmes's dissent in it as a warning against judges reading their own views into the Due Process Clause.
Obergefell v. Hodges + The Federalist Papers
Roberts quotes Hamilton's Federalist No. 78 that courts exercise neither force nor will but merely judgment, the core of his objection.
Obergefell v. Hodges + The Founding Documents
Thomas appeals to the Declaration of Independence on innate human dignity, and all five opinions interpret the Fourteenth Amendment.
Obergefell v. Hodges + Democracy in America
Tocqueville's reflections on the family, religion and mores as foundations of American democracy illuminate both Kennedy's account of marriage as a keystone of social order and the dissenters' appeal to local self-government.
O'Connor v. Donaldson + Addington v. Texas
Four years later the Court, citing Donaldson, set the standard of proof that a State must meet before committing a person to a mental hospital.
O'Connor v. Donaldson + Youngberg v. Romeo
In 1982 the Court took up the question Donaldson left open, defining the rights of a person lawfully committed to safety, freedom from undue restraint and minimally adequate training.
O'Connor v. Donaldson + Olmstead v. L. C.
Under a federal statute rather than the Constitution, the Court in 1999 held that unjustified institutional isolation of persons able to live in the community is a form of discrimination.
O'Connor v. Donaldson + Description of the Retreat
Samuel Tuke's 1813 account of the York Retreat describes the moral-treatment ideal of humane asylum care, a standard against which the custodial regime at Chattahoochee can be measured.
O'Connor v. Donaldson + Robinson v. California
Both opinions by Justice Stewart insist that illness alone, without dangerous conduct, cannot justify punishment or confinement.
Ode on a Grecian Urn + Ozymandias
Both poems of 1817-1819 describe an ancient artifact outlasting its makers. Shelley's ruined statue mocks its king's boast of permanence; Keats's intact urn really does remain to speak to future generations.
Ode on a Grecian Urn + Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
Gray asks whether a storied urn can call back the fleeting breath and answers no; Keats's urn cannot restore life either, but it keeps a moment of life from ever ending.
Ode on a Grecian Urn + Sonnet 116
Shakespeare's love survives by bearing change to the edge of doom; Keats's carved love survives by never changing at all, and the two poems offer contrasting pictures of permanence.
Ode on a Grecian Urn + Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey
Wordsworth's meditation moves from landscape to memory and finds lasting meaning in the mind; Keats's moves from an artifact to an aphorism and leaves its meaning in dispute.
Of Mice and Men + Cannery Row
Both portray marginal Californian men; Frankie in Cannery Row and Lennie show Steinbeck's concern for intellectually disabled people in a world without care.
Of Mice and Men + East of Eden
Steinbeck's Salinas Valley appears in both, as do questions of brotherhood and responsibility.
Of Mice and Men + Twelve Angry Men
Both mid-century American works confront prejudice and mob justice toward a vulnerable defendant.
Of Mice and Men + Don Quixote
George and Lennie, like Quixote and Sancho, are a mismatched pair sustained by a shared dream.
Of Mice and Men + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Both raise questions about mercy, suffering and the end of life, from opposite social worlds.
Old Yeller + Where the Red Fern Grows
Both are boy-and-dog stories of the rural South and West in which the dogs die defending their master, and the boy must learn to grieve and go on.
Old Yeller + The Call of the Wild
London tells his frontier story from the dog's side, Gipson from the boy's; both show a dog's strength and loyalty tested by a hard, wild country.
Old Yeller + Of Mice and Men
Candy's old dog in Steinbeck and Old Yeller are both shot for a reason their owners cannot deny; Candy regrets letting another do it, while Travis does it himself.
Old Yeller + Shane
Both are mid-century Westerns narrated by a boy looking back, in which a protector arrives, defends the homestead, and is lost to the family by the end.
Old Yeller + Little Britches
Ralph Moody's boy and Travis Coates both grow up early doing a man's ranch work while learning from their fathers what it means to be a man.
Oliver Twist + Great Expectations
Both follow an orphan boy whose fortune depends on a hidden benefactor and on criminals he first meets as a child; Pip narrates his own moral failures, while Oliver is told about from outside and stays innocent.
Oliver Twist + David Copperfield
Dickens's later, more autobiographical orphan story revisits a child sent to hard labor and cruel guardians, but tells it in the first person with far more humor and inner life.
Oliver Twist + A Christmas Carol
Both books attack the idea that workhouses and the Poor Law settle society's duty to the poor; Scrooge's question about prisons and union workhouses echoes the board that starves Oliver.
Oliver Twist + The Pilgrim's Progress
Dickens's subtitle, The Parish Boy's Progress, recalls the progress tradition of Bunyan and Hogarth; Oliver, like Christian, passes through a city of temptation to a place of rest.
Oliver Twist + Bleak House
Jo the crossing-sweeper in Bleak House is a later, darker version of the homeless London child, and he does not find the rescue that Oliver finds.
Oliver Twist + Les Misérables
Hugo's novel also sets a child of the poor against the law and the criminal underworld; Gavroche and the Thénardiers echo the Dodger and Fagin's den.
Olmstead v. L. C. + Youngberg v. Romeo
Youngberg defined what the Constitution requires inside a state institution; Olmstead, resting on a statute rather than the Constitution, addressed when a person must be offered a place outside it.
Olmstead v. L. C. + O'Connor v. Donaldson
The 1975 case barred confining a non-dangerous person who can live safely in freedom; Olmstead extended concern about needless confinement to voluntarily admitted patients under federal disability law.
Olmstead v. L. C. + Addington v. Texas
Addington governs the proof needed to commit a person involuntarily, while L. C. and E. W. had entered the hospital voluntarily and sought to leave it.
Olmstead v. L. C. + Buck v. Bell
Seventy-two years apart, the two cases show the Court addressing the place of people with intellectual disabilities in society under very different laws and assumptions.
On Fairy-Stories + Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
On Fairy-Stories can be compared with sir-gawain-and-the-green-knight to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
On Fairy-Stories + A Midsummer Night's Dream
On Fairy-Stories can be compared with a-midsummer-nights-dream to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
On Friendship + Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII
Plato's dialogue on love between men is one of the models Montaigne discusses and distinguishes from friendship.
On Friendship + Essays
Montaigne's favourite author; Plutarch's essays on friendship and flattery shape his own.
On Friendship + Kokoro
Sōseki's novel shows friendship destroyed by rivalry and guilt, the opposite of Montaigne's perfect union.
On Friendship + Meditations
Both are introspective writings drawn from the classical tradition of moral philosophy and the examined life.
On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX) + Paradise Lost
The invocation to holy Light at the start of Book III returns to Milton's blindness at epic length, asking for inward illumination in place of the sight he has lost.
On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX) + The Collar
Herbert's speaker also rebels against God's service until a single quiet voice interrupts him; both poems turn on a divine answer that dissolves the complaint.
On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX) + The Bible
The sonnet is built from the parable of the talents (Matthew 25:14-30), the mild yoke of Matthew 11:29-30, and the image of ministering angels in God's court.
On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX) + Holy Sonnet X: "Death, be not proud"
Donne's Holy Sonnet and Milton's sonnet both use the fourteen-line form for a single sustained argument with a looming threat, death in one and uselessness in the other.
On Liberty + Utilitarianism
Mill insists On Liberty rests on utility 'in the largest sense', and Utilitarianism two years later sets out that standard, including the higher pleasures. Critics have long asked whether a near-absolute zone of liberty can rest on a calculation of happiness.
On Liberty + Second Treatise of Government
Locke limits government by natural rights and consent. Mill sets aside natural rights and is more worried about social conformity than about a tyrannical executive, so the two represent the rights-based and the consequentialist branches of English liberalism.
On Liberty + The Social Contract
Rousseau's general will, which can 'force' a citizen to be free, is the kind of collective sovereignty over the individual that Mill's harm principle is built to restrain.
On Liberty + The Last Days of Socrates
Mill's Chapter II rests on the trial in the Apology, reading the condemnation of Socrates as the paradigm of a majority silencing the most valuable dissent.
On Liberty + Meditations
Mill singles out Marcus Aurelius, whose Meditations he admires, as proof that even the most humane ruler persecuted Christianity in good conscience. The Meditations' private Stoic discipline contrasts with the emperor's public enforcement of conformity.
On Liberty + Areopagitica (John Milton)
Milton's 1644 plea against licensing of the press anticipates Mill's argument that truth needs open encounter with error, though Milton excluded Catholics from toleration and Mill excludes no opinion.
On Medicine + Hippocratic Writings
Both value prognosis and regimen, but Celsus gives a more orderly Latin synthesis with unusually detailed surgery.
On Medicine + Galen: Selected Works
Galen is theoretical and polemical; Celsus is compact, practical and especially valuable on Roman surgical technique.
On Medicine + De Materia Medica
Dioscorides catalogs medicinal substances, while Celsus embeds drugs within disease management and operative care.
On the Genealogy of Morality + Beyond Good and Evil
On the Genealogy of Morality pairs with this work because Nietzsche's aphoristic critique of morality prepares the later genealogical and therapeutic language.
On the Genealogy of Morality + Thus Spoke Zarathustra
On the Genealogy of Morality pairs with this work because Zarathustra dramatizes self-overcoming and life affirmation in prophetic-philosophical form.
On the Genealogy of Morality + Civilization and Its Discontents
On the Genealogy of Morality pairs with this work because Freud later converts clinical conflict into a theory of culture, guilt, and instinct.
On the Genealogy of Morality + The World as Will and Representation
On the Genealogy of Morality pairs with this work because Schopenhauer is a central foil for Nietzsche on suffering, will, pity, and life-denial.
On the Making of Man + Confessions
On the Making of Man can be compared with confessions to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
On the Making of Man + City of God
On the Making of Man can be compared with city-of-god to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
On the Nature of the Universe + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Lucretius’ plague ending adapts Thucydides’ epidemic narrative for philosophical therapy.
On the Nature of the Universe + The Bhagavad Gita
Both address fear of death, but Lucretius uses material dissolution where the Gita teaches imperishable self.
On the Nature of the Universe + Fragments
Heraclitus and Lucretius both imagine nature as process, though their metaphysics differ sharply.
On the Origin of Species + Principia
On the Origin of Species can be compared with principia to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
On the Origin of Species + The Republic
On the Origin of Species can be compared with the-republic to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
On the Road + In Patagonia
Both are restless travel narratives built from episodes and encounters, but Chatwin's sparse, ironic vignettes contrast sharply with Kerouac's breathless confessional flow.
On the Road + The Complete Poems
Kerouac's long catalogues of American places and people descend from Whitman's 'Song of the Open Road' and 'Song of Myself'; both mythologize the continent and the democratic crowd.
On the Road + Don Quixote
Sal and Dean are a picaresque pair like Sancho and the Don: a watcher and an enthusiast whose road adventures expose the gap between fantasy and the world.
On the Road + Humboldt's Gift
Bellow's narrator memorializes a brilliant, self-destructive poet-friend much as Sal memorializes Dean; both novels weigh charisma against damage.
On the Road + The Odyssey
Both are journey narratives organized around departure and return, though Sal's returns lead to no settled home.
On War + The Art of War
Sun Tzu prizes winning without fighting and outwitting the enemy through deception and knowledge. Clausewitz warns 'philanthropists' that there is no bloodless art of disarming an enemy, and he trusts intelligence far less.
On War + Napoleon's Maxims of War
The maxims compressed Napoleon's practice into rules, which is exactly what Clausewitz thought theory should not do. Read together they show the difference between precept and critical analysis of the same campaigns.
On War + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Thucydides' Melian dialogue and Sicilian expedition supply ancient cases of the political logic of war and of an offensive passing its culminating point, a concept Clausewitz formulated after 1812.
On War + Instructions for His Generals
Frederick's practical directives come from the age of cabinet war that Clausewitz analyses in Book VIII as 'real' war constrained by limited means, deserting soldiers and dynastic aims.
On War + Personal Memoirs
Grant's Overland Campaign shows a commander accepting attrition in pursuit of a clear political aim, and his account of supply, sickness and marches gives American texture to Clausewitz's Book V.
On War + The Art of War
Machiavelli also subordinates arms to the state and favours citizen soldiers, but his Renaissance dialogue looks back to Roman models where Clausewitz extracts theory from the Napoleonic present.
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich + Man's Search for Meaning
Frankl and Solzhenitsyn both describe how prisoners kept or lost their inner life in camps, with close attention to hunger, cold, rations and the small decisions that preserved dignity.
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich + The Hiding Place
Corrie ten Boom's Ravensbrück, like Shukhov's camp, contains a believer reading Scripture to fellow prisoners and finding the barracks a place of faith.
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich + Letters and Papers from Prison
Bonhoeffer's prison writings and Alyoshka's barracks prayers show Christian faith tested by a totalitarian state from inside its prisons.
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich + Animal Farm
Orwell satirised Soviet tyranny from the outside by fable; Solzhenitsyn shows its human cost from inside by one realistic day.
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich + The Brothers Karamazov
Alyoshka the Baptist recalls Dostoevsky's Alyosha Karamazov, a gentle believer among sceptics, and both books place hope in quiet holiness rather than argument.
Mourning Becomes Electra + The Oresteia
Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers and The Eumenides give the pattern of all three plays; O'Neill keeps the murders and the avenging son but ends not with Athena's court but with Lavinia's self-sentence.
Mourning Becomes Electra + The Interpretation of Dreams
Freud's account of children's rivalry with the parent of the same sex, drawn from Oedipus, is the psychology that O'Neill sets in place of the gods.
Mourning Becomes Electra + Hamlet
Both plays show a son bound to avenge his father against a mother and her lover, and both turn revenge into self-torment.
Mourning Becomes Electra + The Scarlet Letter
Hawthorne's New England of Puritan judgment, hidden sin and a guilty house is the literary ancestor of the Mannons.
Mourning Becomes Electra + No Exit and Three Other Plays
Sartre's The Flies, in the same collection, retells the Orestes story as a drama of freedom, where O'Neill makes it a drama of inherited compulsion.
Orlando: A Biography + Mrs. Dalloway
Mrs. Dalloway stretches one day to the length of a life; Orlando compresses three centuries into one life. Both set clock time against the time of the mind.
Orlando: A Biography + The Waves
Woolf's next novel abandoned the playful biographer for six interior voices, but kept the question Orlando raises about how many selves make up one person.
Orlando: A Biography + As You Like It
Rosalind in doublet and hose learns how differently the world speaks to a youth; Orlando, whose name echoes Shakespeare's lover, learns the same lesson in reverse from her skirts.
Orlando: A Biography + Gulliver's Travels
Swift himself appears in Chapter 4; his mock-travel book and Woolf's mock-biography both use a solemn documentary form to carry fantasy and satire.
Orlando: A Biography + The Picture of Dorian Gray
Dorian stays young while a portrait ages; Orlando ages slowly while the portraits of the house record each century, and both books play on the relation of art, youth and time.
Politics and the English Language + Animal Farm
Squealer's speeches and the quietly altered commandments dramatize the essay's argument that political language can make the indefensible sound reasonable; the novel appeared the year before the essay.
Politics and the English Language + The Abolition of Man
Lewis begins his 1943 lectures with a school textbook whose authors reduce statements of value to statements about feelings; both writers argue that careless or debunking language quietly changes how readers think.
Politics and the English Language + The Bible
Orwell's chosen model of concrete, vivid English is a verse of Ecclesiastes in the King James Version, which he parodies in jargon to show what modern prose loses.
Politics and the English Language + Fahrenheit 451
Bradbury's 1953 novel imagines a society that has emptied words of meaning and burns books; Orwell's essay offers the everyday habits of mind that such a society would exploit.
Politics and the English Language + Areopagitica
Milton defends free printing as the means by which truth is tested in open debate; Orwell argues that such debate depends on words that say plainly what is meant.
Othello + Much Ado About Nothing
Don John stages a false scene at a window to make Claudio believe Hero unfaithful; the same device of manufactured evidence is comic there and fatal in Othello.
Othello + The Merchant of Venice
Both plays set a foreigner within the commerce and courts of Venice; Shylock and Othello are each needed by the city and spoken of with contempt by some of its citizens.
Othello + Macbeth
Iago and the witches both work by suggestion on a brave soldier, but Macbeth acts from his own ambition while Othello acts from a love that has been poisoned.
Othello + Paradise Lost
Milton's Satan, envious of a happy pair in their garden, tempts by insinuation as Iago does; both villains look on wedded love and resolve to destroy it.
Othello + Romeo and Juliet
Both plays begin with a secret marriage against a family's will and end with lovers dead in a bedchamber, but Juliet and Romeo are destroyed by outward feud, Othello and Desdemona by a lie inside the marriage.
Our Town + A Christmas Carol
Our Town can be compared with a-christmas-carol to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Our Town + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Our Town can be compared with the-death-of-ivan-ilyich to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Heroides + Metamorphoses
Ovid tells many of the same stories, Ariadne, Medea, Phaedra's household, Hero and Leander's world, in his later epic, but there as narrated transformations rather than first-person letters.
Heroides + The Odyssey
Penelope's letter (I) imagines her writing in the years Homer covers, waiting for news of Ulysses while the suitors waste the house.
Heroides + The Aeneid
Dido's letter (VII) answers Aeneid IV, giving the queen a full speech of reproach and her own epitaph before Aeneas sails.
Heroides + Medea and Other Plays
Medea's letter (XII) and Phaedra's (IV) speak for heroines of Euripides's Medea and Hippolytus, at moments before the tragedies' catastrophes.
Heroides + The Iliad
Briseis's letter (III) is written from the time of the embassy to Achilles in Iliad IX, pleading with him to take her back and return to battle.
Heroides + The Library (Bibliotheca)
The Library gives the bare genealogical stories, the Danaids, Deianira and the poisoned robe, Ariadne and Theseus, that lie behind Ovid's letters.
Owl at Home + Frog and Toad Are Friends
Lobel's Frog and Toad stories rest on a friendship between two characters; Owl at Home tries the same short-story form with a single character alone in his house, so Owl's companions are the weather, the moon and his own feet.
Owl at Home + Mouse Soup
Another Lobel I Can Read collection of five short stories; in Mouse Soup the stories are told by the clever mouse inside a frame tale, while Owl's are separate episodes from one quiet life.
Owl at Home + Grasshopper on the Road
Grasshopper travels out into the world and meets many creatures, while Owl stays home; the two books show Lobel's single hero in journey and at rest.
Owl at Home + Little Bear
Minarik's Little Bear began the I Can Read series in 1957; both books use a few short stories, a warm home and a closing scene at bedtime to comfort the beginning reader.
Owl at Home + Winnie-the-Pooh
Owl at Home and Milne's Pooh both find comedy in a lovable animal's well-meant misunderstandings; Pooh's tracking of the Woozle, which turns out to be his own footprints, is close kin to Owl's strange bumps.
Ozymandias + Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
Gray's churchyard and Shelley's desert both answer human pride with oblivion, but Gray mourns the obscure poor while Shelley mocks the famous king.
Ozymandias + Ode on a Grecian Urn
Keats, Shelley's contemporary, also meditates on an ancient artwork that outlasts its makers; his urn preserves beauty, while Shelley's statue preserves only arrogance.
Ozymandias + The Histories
Herodotus's Book II describes the pyramids and monuments of Egyptian kings with the same mix of wonder and irony at royal ambition that Shelley compresses into fourteen lines.
Ozymandias + The Bible
Daniel 4 tells of Nebuchadnezzar boasting over the great Babylon he built and being humbled at once, a scriptural pattern of royal pride brought low.
Paradise Lost + The Aeneid
Virgil's twelve-book epic is Milton's chief formal model, and Milton claims a theme above Virgil's Turnus and Lavinia.
Paradise Lost + The Divine Comedy
Dante also maps Hell, Heaven and an earthly Paradise, but through a pilgrim's journey after death rather than the story of the first parents.
Paradise Lost + The Bible
Genesis 1-3 supplies the plot, and Milton fills it with material from Isaiah, Revelation, the Psalms and the Pauline epistles.
Paradise Lost + Frankenstein
Mary Shelley's creature reads Paradise Lost and compares himself both to Adam and to Satan; the novel's epigraph is Adam's complaint to his Maker.
Paradise Lost + The Pilgrim's Progress
Bunyan, a fellow Puritan writing in the same years, turns the soul's fall and salvation into allegory rather than epic.
Passages from the Life of a Philosopher + Notes on Menabrea's Sketch of the Analytical Engine
Lovelace abstracts the Analytical Engine into a theory of symbolic operation, while Babbage gives the inventor's record of machinery, labor, and disappointment.
Passages from the Life of a Philosopher + Novum Organum
Bacon's program for organized inquiry anticipates Babbage's belief that knowledge advances through method, instruments, and institutional reform.
Passages from the Life of a Philosopher + As We May Think
Bush later imagines information machinery as an aid to memory and research; Babbage focuses on numerical reliability and mechanical execution.
Passages from the Life of a Philosopher + Personal Memoirs
Grant and Babbage both use memoir to defend a life's campaign, but Grant narrates military action where Babbage narrates technological noncompletion.
Passing + The Scarlet Letter
Both novels centre on a hidden identity and the social punishment of its exposure; Hester's mark is visible while Clare's secret depends on invisibility.
Passing + The Portrait of a Lady
Larsen's close, ironic focus on a woman's consciousness and her misreading of others echoes James, whose influence on her style is often noted.
Passing + 12 Years a Slave
Northup's narrative shows the brutal legal apparatus of race that, two generations later, still structures the choices of Larsen's characters.
Passing + Effi Briest
Both portray a marriage where a secret, once discovered by a husband, leads with grim inevitability to a woman's death.
Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister) + Philosophy of Natural Science
Hempel's opening case study is Semmelweis and childbed fever; Pasteur's 1880 paper returns to puerperal fever with cultures and recommends antiseptic precautions after confinement.
Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister) + An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine
Bernard, Pasteur's contemporary in Paris, set out the method of hypothesis and controlled experiment in physiology that Pasteur's flask and culture experiments carry out in microbiology.
Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister) + On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)
Printed in the same Harvard Classics volume, Harvey's treatise also overturns an ancient medical consensus by experiment, and his Chapter XVI on contagion carried through the blood anticipates questions Pasteur answered with cultures.
Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister) + Elements of Chemistry
Lavoisier analysed vinous fermentation as a balance of chemical elements; Pasteur shows that the same transformation is the work of living cells deprived of oxygen.
Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister) + Hippocratic Writings
Airs, Waters, Places ties disease to climate and air; Lister and Pasteur keep the attention to air but locate the danger in living particles carried by it.
Patriarcha + Second Treatise of Government
Locke's First Treatise answers Patriarcha section by section, and the Second Treatise builds the alternative Filmer rejected: free and equal men in a state of nature who create government by consent for limited ends.
Patriarcha + Leviathan
Hobbes, whom Filmer criticized in his Observations of 1652, also defended undivided sovereignty but founded it on a covenant among individuals, the very starting point Filmer denied; Filmer welcomed the conclusion and rejected the premise.
Patriarcha + Politics
Aristotle distinguishes the rule of a household from the rule of a city; Filmer's second chapter argues against that distinction and sides with the view Aristotle attributes to Plato, that a city is a large family.
Patriarcha + Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)
Filmer says he reverences Hooker's judgment in most things but rejects his account of government arising from the consent of men; he nonetheless quotes Hooker's eighth book on the people's part in a coronation.
Patriarcha + De Regno
Aquinas also argues that monarchy is the best government by comparing the realm to a household and the ruler to the soul in the body, but he allows that a tyrant may be resisted by public authority, a conclusion Filmer denies.
Paul Revere's Ride + Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death
Patrick Henry's speech to the Virginia Convention came in March 1775, less than a month before Revere's ride, and called for the same readiness to resist that the Middlesex farmers showed in April.
Paul Revere's Ride + The St Crispin's Day Speech
Henry V promises that Crispin's day will be remembered to the ending of the world; Longfellow promises that Revere's hoofbeats will echo forevermore. Both texts make a single day into a permanent national memory.
Paul Revere's Ride + O Captain! My Captain!
Whitman's elegy for Lincoln and Longfellow's ballad both belong to the Civil War years and use a single figure, captain or rider, to carry a nation's crisis in strongly rhythmic verse.
Paul Revere's Ride + The Gettysburg Address
Lincoln at Gettysburg, like Longfellow, reaches back to the founding generation of the 1770s to rouse the Union in its own hour of peril.
Pearl Harbor Address ("A Date Which Will Live in Infamy") + We Shall Fight on the Beaches
Churchill's speech of June 1940 and Roosevelt's of December 1941 both turn disaster into resolve, but Churchill speaks at length after a retreat while Roosevelt speaks briefly to begin a war.
Pearl Harbor Address ("A Date Which Will Live in Infamy") + First Inaugural Address ("The only thing we have to fear")
In 1933 Roosevelt asked for power to wage a war against the emergency as if the nation were invaded; in 1941 the invasion was real, and the speech is a fraction of the length.
Pearl Harbor Address ("A Date Which Will Live in Infamy") + Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death
Patrick Henry also told an assembly that the war had already begun and asked it to act; Roosevelt's flat Hostilities exist plays the role of Henry's cry that the war is actually begun.
Illustrations of the Logic of Science + Discourse on Method
Descartes makes clear and distinct ideas the mark of truth and begins philosophy with universal doubt; Peirce answers that real doubt must have a cause and that clearness requires tracing an idea's practical effects.
Illustrations of the Logic of Science + A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction
Mill grounds induction in the uniformity of nature and the law of causation; Peirce's Order of Nature and Probability of Induction instead rest induction on random sampling and long-run self-correction.
Illustrations of the Logic of Science + The Varieties of Religious Experience
William James, Peirce's lifelong friend, applied a pragmatic test of meaning and value to religious experience; reading him beside Peirce shows how differently the two men developed the principle James credited to Peirce.
Illustrations of the Logic of Science + On the Origin of Species
Peirce opens The Fixation of Belief by calling the Darwinian controversy largely a question of logic and praising Darwin's statistical method.
Illustrations of the Logic of Science + The Logic of Scientific Discovery
Popper, like Peirce, treats scientific knowledge as fallible and corrigible, but he rejects inductive probability, while Peirce makes long-run inductive self-correction central.
Pensees + Essays
Montaigne is everywhere in the Pensées: the diversion fragments, the instability of custom and the 'truth on this side of the Pyrenees' all rework the Essays. Pascal uses Montaigne's scepticism to humble reason, then condemns his serene acceptance of death.
Pensees + Confessions
Pascal's Jansenism is Augustinian at root. The restless heart that finds no rest outside God, and the doctrine of grace that underlies the wager's appeal to the passions, both descend from Augustine's Confessions.
Pensees + Discourse on Method
Descartes founds certainty on clear and distinct ideas; Pascal answers that the heart knows first principles reason cannot prove, and that a God who merely starts the world in motion is not the God of Abraham.
Pensees + The Sickness Unto Death
Kierkegaard's analysis of despair as a misrelation of the self develops Pascal's picture of weariness and diversion, and both thinkers treat inner misery as evidence of a spiritual condition rather than mere unhappiness.
Pensees + Essays and Aphorisms
Schopenhauer's swing of life between pain and boredom echoes Pascal's weariness fragment closely, but he offers aesthetic contemplation and resignation where Pascal offers grace.
Pensees + The Varieties of Religious Experience
James's 'sick soul' lectures describe the melancholic temperament and conversion crises that Pascal's Night of Fire exemplifies. James treats Pascal's wager more directly in his separate essay 'The Will to Believe'.
Pericles' Funeral Oration + The Gettysburg Address
Both are funeral speeches for war dead that turn into definitions of a political order, Athens as the school of Hellas and America as a nation dedicated to a proposition.
Pericles' Funeral Oration + The History of the Peloponnesian War
The oration's full force appears only in its setting, between the war's first year and the plague at Athens that Thucydides narrates next.
Pericles' Funeral Oration + Mark Antony's Funeral Oration ("Friends, Romans, countrymen")
Two funeral orations with opposite purposes: Pericles uses the dead to bind the city in shared resolve, while Antony uses Caesar's body to break the city into riot.
Pericles' Funeral Oration + In Flanders Fields
Pericles urges survivors to take the fallen as their model and never decline the dangers of war; McCrae's dead make the same demand in their own voices.
Persian Letters + Gulliver's Travels
Both use a traveller's estranged perspective to satirize European politics, religion and learning; Swift invents fantastic lands while Montesquieu brings outsiders to Paris.
Persian Letters + Candide: Or Optimism
Voltaire's satire shares Montesquieu's attack on religious intolerance and complacency, but uses a picaresque plot rather than letters.
Persian Letters + The Arthashastra
Both treat the mechanics of absolute rule; Kautilya advises the king, while Montesquieu exposes despotism by showing it from within a household.
Persian Letters + The Histories
Herodotus pioneered the comparison of Greek and Persian customs that Montesquieu reverses, making Persians the observers of the West.
Personal Memoirs + Memoirs
Sherman's memoirs, published a decade earlier, are combative, opinionated and full of documents, whereas Grant's are restrained. The two accounts of Shiloh and of Sherman's doubts before Vicksburg can be checked against each other.
Personal Memoirs + The Conquest of Gaul
Twain's comparison is apt: like Caesar, Grant writes a clear, apparently impersonal campaign narrative that is also a carefully managed self-portrait, with modesty serving as a rhetorical strategy.
Personal Memoirs + On War
Grant never mentions Clausewitz, but his insistence that all Union armies advance together in 1864, and his tying of military strategy to the political aim of destroying the Confederacy, follow the logic of On War.
Personal Memoirs + 12 Years a Slave
Northup's narrative shows from the inside the system that Grant, from outside, calls the cause of the war. Read together they span the moral and political arc from bondage to Union victory.
Personal Memoirs + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Tolstoy's novella appeared in 1886, the same year as Grant's second volume. Ivan Ilyich's fictional dying and Grant's real one show two responses to terminal illness, one ending in late revelation and one in disciplined work.
Personal Memoirs + The Persian Expedition
Xenophon's Anabasis is another general's plain retrospective of a campaign against long odds, with the same attention to supply, terrain and morale, and the same quiet management of its author's reputation.
Persuasion + Northanger Abbey
Published together in 1817; both are partly set in Bath, but the youthful parody of Northanger contrasts with Persuasion's regretful maturity.
Persuasion + Mansfield Park
Anne and Fanny Price are both quiet, undervalued heroines whose judgement is proved right; both novels feature naval brothers and officers.
Persuasion + Sense and Sensibility
Both test feeling against prudence; Anne combines Elinor's self-command with a Marianne-like depth of attachment.
Persuasion + The Odyssey
A sailor returns after eight years to a faithful woman who must recognize him anew; Austen's plot of recognition and constancy has Homeric outlines.
Persuasion + Washington Square
Both turn on a woman persuaded against a suitor by an authority figure; James reverses Austen's outcome.
Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy) + Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Both send a Victorian or Edwardian child out of the ordinary world into a dream country, but Alice is always eager to get back to sense and size, while the Neverland tempts the Darlings to forget home altogether.
Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy) + The Wind in the Willows
Published three years apart, both are Edwardian books that mix comic adventure with a strong pull toward home; Mole's longing for his burrow in Dulce Domum answers John and Michael's fading memory of the nursery.
Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy) + Treasure Island
Hook's Jolly Roger borrows openly from Stevenson's pirates, and Barrie's narrator even says Hook was the only man Barbecue (Long John Silver) feared; Jim Hawkins, unlike Peter, comes home older and wiser.
Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy) + The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
Both take children from a London home into a magic land where they fight a villain and are crowned or praised, but Lewis's children are meant to grow and return, while Peter's island is a place to stop growing.
Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy) + Winnie-the-Pooh
Christopher Robin, like Wendy, must leave an enchanted place of childhood behind; both books end with a gentle farewell that keeps the magic alive for the next child.
Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII + The Last Days of Socrates
The Phaedo's argument for the soul's immortality and the Apology's portrait of Socrates' divine sign complement the Phaedrus' psychology of the soul.
Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII + The Bhagavad Gita
The Katha Upanishad's chariot image, echoed in the Gita's psychology of controlled senses, parallels Plato's charioteer; both tie self-mastery to spiritual liberation.
Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII + Meditations
Marcus Aurelius inherits the Platonic and Stoic ideal of reason governing the passions, but writes privately for himself, the kind of reminder writing Plato's Socrates permits.
Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII + The Arthashastra
The Seventh Letter's failed attempt to educate a tyrant contrasts with Kautilya's pragmatic manual for kings.
Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII + On Friendship
Montaigne's essay engages the Greek ideal of love between men that the Phaedrus explores, while distinguishing friendship from erotic passion.
Pierce v. Society of Sisters + Meyer v. Nebraska
McReynolds's 1923 opinion supplied the doctrine that Pierce applied, moving from the choice of a subject to the choice of a school.
Pierce v. Society of Sisters + Wisconsin v. Yoder
Chief Justice Burger relied on Pierce in exempting Amish children from schooling after the eighth grade, joining parental liberty with religious exercise.
Pierce v. Society of Sisters + Everson v. Board of Education
Two decades later the Court took for granted the existence of the parochial schools Pierce protected and asked whether a state could help pupils travel to them.
Pierce v. Society of Sisters + Zelman v. Simmons-Harris
The 2002 voucher case turned on the parental choice among public and private schools that Pierce had made a constitutional premise.
Pierce v. Society of Sisters + The Republic
Plato's guardians are educated by the city from birth, the model of state-directed upbringing that Pierce's view of the family rejects.
Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays + Hamlet
Hamlet's antic disposition and play within a play are the great precedents for Henry IV's chosen madness and for Six Characters' theatre that comments on itself.
Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays + Don Quixote
Cervantes's knight lives inside a role drawn from books, as Henry lives inside the year 1077; the Father in Six Characters names Sancho Panza as a character who lives for ever.
Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays + No Exit and Three Other Plays
Sartre's dead souls, like Pirandello's characters, are fixed in what they have done and judged by others' eyes.
Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays + Waiting for Godot
Both dramatists strip the stage of its illusions and leave audiences uncertain of what has happened, Pirandello through argument and Beckett through waiting.
Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays + A Doll's House and Other Plays
Ibsen's well-built domestic dramas represent the theatre of hidden pasts that Pirandello inherits and then breaks open by letting the characters argue with the play.
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey + Roe v. Wade
Casey keeps Roe's line at viability and its recognition of a protected liberty, but sets aside Blackmun's stage-by-stage framework and gives the State's interest in unborn life weight from the outset.
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey + Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
The Dobbs majority answers Casey's four stare decisis questions with five factors of its own, while the Dobbs dissent calls Casey a precedent about precedent.
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey + Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
The joint opinion treats Brown's overruling of Plessy as the model of a justified departure from precedent, resting on a changed understanding of facts.
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey + Lochner v. New York
Part III-B uses the end of the Lochner line in West Coast Hotel (1937) as its second example of when overruling was warranted.
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey + The Federalist Papers
The joint opinion's description of a Court that can neither buy support nor coerce obedience echoes Federalist No. 78, which says the judiciary has no influence over either the sword or the purse.
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey + The Founding Documents
The joint opinion cites the Ninth Amendment and builds on the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth, while Scalia insists on the text of the Constitution as the limit of judicial power.
Laws + The Republic
The Republic imagines a city ruled by philosopher-kings with goods held in common among the guardians; Book V of the Laws calls such a city the best and offers Magnesia, with private lots and rule by written law, as a second-best.
Laws + Statesman
The Statesman argues that a wise ruler would be better than any law but that, lacking one, written laws are a necessary second course; the Laws builds a whole city on that second course.
Laws + Politics
Aristotle's Politics Book II examines the Laws by name, objecting to its 5,040 households and its property arrangements, while sharing its interest in mixed constitutions and education.
Laws + The Republic and The Laws
Cicero's On the Laws imitates Plato's setting of a conversation on a long walk and, like the Athenian, prefaces law with an account of divine reason and natural justice.
Laws + Hippocratic Writings
The Hippocratic treatises show the Greek medicine behind Plato's comparison of the free doctor who inquires into the whole nature of a disease with the assistant who prescribes by rote.
Laws + The Spirit of the Laws
Montesquieu, like the Athenian Stranger, asks how laws should suit a people's character and situation, and both treat education as the foundation of each form of government.
Meno + The Last Days of Socrates
Anytus, who warns Socrates to be careful in the Meno, is one of his accusers in the Apology, and the Phaedo returns to recollection as an argument for the soul's immortality.
Meno + The Republic
The Meno's distinction between knowledge and true opinion is developed in the Republic's divided line, and its question about statesmen who cannot teach their virtue is answered by the education of philosopher-rulers.
Meno + Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII
The Phaedrus gives a mythic picture of the soul's vision of true being before birth, the background the Meno's recollection story only sketches.
Meno + Posterior Analytics and Physics
Aristotle opens the Posterior Analytics with the Meno's puzzle about learning and answers it by distinguishing universal from particular knowledge rather than appealing to recollection.
Meno + The Nicomachean Ethics
Aristotle takes up the Meno's opening question and answers that moral virtue comes by habit, intellectual virtue by teaching, with nature giving the capacity.
Meno + Elements, Book I
The slave boy's discovery that the square on the diagonal has double the area is a special case of the theorem Euclid proves at Elements I.47.
Statesman + The Republic
The Republic's philosopher-kings rule by knowledge of the good, and the Statesman agrees that true rule is a science; but the Statesman spends far more effort on what to do when such rulers are absent, defending law as a second best.
Statesman + Laws
The Laws works out in detail the second-best city governed by strict laws that the Statesman recommends when no true king is available, and it too stresses blending opposite temperaments in marriage and education.
Statesman + Politics
Aristotle's division of constitutions by one, few and many, each in a correct and a deviant form, develops the Statesman's six constitutions, though he makes the common good rather than law the dividing line.
Statesman + Theogony and Works and Days
Hesiod's golden race living under Cronos without toil is one of the old stories the Stranger takes up and reinterprets in the myth of the reversed cosmos.
Statesman + Timaeus
Both late dialogues picture the cosmos as a living whole made by a divine craftsman; the Timaeus describes its construction, while the Statesman imagines its maker letting go of it and taking hold again.
Plessy v. Ferguson + Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Fifty-eight years later Chief Justice Warren's unanimous opinion addressed Plessy directly, holding that in public education the doctrine of separate but equal has no place.
Plessy v. Ferguson + Dred Scott v. Sandford
Harlan's dissent names Dred Scott as the precedent Plessy will come to resemble, linking the 1857 denial of Black citizenship to the 1896 ruling on segregated travel.
Plessy v. Ferguson + Slaughter-House Cases
Brown relies on the 1873 Slaughter-House Cases for a narrow reading of the Thirteenth Amendment and of the privileges or immunities of national citizenship.
Plessy v. Ferguson + Atlanta Exposition Address
Booker T. Washington's 1895 address, delivered the year before the decision, proposed that the races could be separate as the fingers in social matters yet one as the hand in mutual progress, a framing debated alongside Plessy ever since.
Plessy v. Ferguson + The Founding Documents
Harlan reads the Reconstruction Amendments, added to the Constitution in 1865-1870, as removing the race distinctions of the original document and securing equal civil rights.
Plessy v. Ferguson + Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail
King's 1963 letter addresses the laws of segregation that rested on Plessy, arguing from Augustine and Aquinas that an unjust law is no law at all.
Essays + The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives
The Lives illustrate in narrative the virtues and vices that the Essays analyse in argument.
Essays + On Friendship
Montaigne drew heavily on Plutarch; his essay on friendship can be read against Plutarch's treatment of friends and flatterers.
Essays + Meditations
Both offer philosophical therapy for the passions in the Roman imperial world, Plutarch as a Platonist teacher, Marcus as a Stoic writing to himself.
Essays + The Satires of Horace and Persius
Horace's conversational ethics and Plutarch's essays share a practical, anecdotal approach to contentment and the follies of ambition.
Essays + The Fall of the Roman Republic: Six Lives
Plutarch's biographies of late-Republican Romans complement the moral concerns of the essays.
Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans + Essays
The Moralia analyze in argument the virtues and vices the Lives show in action.
Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Thucydides is Plutarch’s chief source for Pericles, Nicias, and Alcibiades.
Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans + The Twelve Caesars
Suetonius, Plutarch’s younger contemporary, wrote Roman imperial lives by topic rather than by moral comparison.
Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans + The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives
A modern selection of nine of these Greek Lives.
Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans + The Fall of the Roman Republic: Six Lives
A modern selection of six of these Roman Lives.
Plyler v. Doe + San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez
Brennan accepted Rodriguez's holding that education is not a fundamental right, while Burger's dissent argued that Rodriguez should have required ordinary rational-basis review.
Plyler v. Doe + Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Brennan quoted Brown's description of education as perhaps the most important function of state and local governments.
Plyler v. Doe + Wisconsin v. Yoder
Brennan borrowed from Yoder the observation that education prepares individuals to be self-reliant and self-sufficient participants in society.
Plyler v. Doe + Meyer v. Nebraska
Brennan cited Meyer among the cases recognizing the importance of education in American life, sixty years after the Court struck down Nebraska's foreign-language restrictions.
Tales (Selection) + The Raven
The Raven (1845) applies to verse the same principle of a single dark effect, and its mourning speaker, alone in his chamber with a visitor of ill omen, resembles the narrators of Usher and The Tell-Tale Heart.
Tales (Selection) + The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket
Poe's only novel (1838), written just before Usher, carries his interest in terror, burial alive and the edge of the known world into a long sea voyage.
Tales (Selection) + The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
Doyle's Holmes inherits Dupin's method of reasoning from overlooked details, his scorn for official police, and his admiring narrator-companion.
Tales (Selection) + The Moonstone
Wilkie Collins's 1868 novel expands the detective form Poe invented into a full-length mystery told by several narrators, with a patient professional detective in Sergeant Cuff.
Tales (Selection) + Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
Stevenson, like Poe, makes a short tale of terror out of a divided mind and a hidden crime, and both depend on confession and a narrator who withholds the truth.
Tales (Selection) + Macbeth
Macbeth's hallucinated knocking and Lady Macbeth's bloodstained hands prefigure the imagined heartbeat that compels confession in The Tell-Tale Heart.
Poems + Sermons and Devotions upon Emergent Occasions
Poems can be compared with donne-sermons-and-devotions to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Poems + The Metaphysical Poets
Poems can be compared with the-metaphysical-poets to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Poems: First, Second and Third Series + Because I could not stop for Death
The library's separate record for this poem studies it alone; here it appears as The Chariot, First Series, Time and Eternity XXVII, among the other death poems that surround it.
Poems: First, Second and Third Series + The Complete Poems
Whitman's long, expansive lines and public voice are the opposite pole to Dickinson's short, private hymn stanzas, though both broke with the conventions of American verse in the same decades.
Poems: First, Second and Third Series + Holy Sonnet X: "Death, be not proud"
Donne argues Death down in a sonnet; Dickinson rides beside him in The Chariot and hears his approach in Dying, both poets looking past death to eternity.
Poems: First, Second and Third Series + Essays: First Series (Self-Reliance and Other Essays)
Emerson's call for self-reliance and his phrase the poetry of the portfolio, quoted in Higginson's preface, frame Dickinson's independent, inward art.
Poems: First, Second and Third Series + Ode on a Grecian Urn
Keats's urn declares beauty truth and truth beauty; in I died for beauty Dickinson's two dead agree that the two are one, then the moss covers their names.
Poems: First, Second and Third Series + Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval
Frost, another New England poet who taught at Amherst, shares Dickinson's close watching of nature and her habit of leaving the final meaning open.
The Poetic Edda + The Prose Edda
Snorri's handbook quotes Voluspo, Grimnismol and Vafthruthnismol and retells many of these myths in prose, sometimes filling in stories the poems only allude to; the two books explain each other.
The Poetic Edda + Beowulf
Both preserve Germanic heroic legend in alliterative verse; the Sigemund episode sung in Beowulf is an English cousin of the Volsung story told in the Sigurth lays.
The Poetic Edda + The Iliad
Hogni's laugh at death and Gunnar's harp in the snake-pit belong to the same heroic code of fame won through death that drives Achilles; both traditions also give much of their grief to women's laments.
The Poetic Edda + The Hobbit
Tolkien took Thorin, Fili, Kili, Gandalf and other names from the dwarf-list in Voluspo, and Fafnir's hoard lies behind Smaug's gold and the dragon's conversation with Bilbo.
The Poetic Edda + The Song of Roland
A Christian French epic of loyalty and doomed courage set beside the pagan Norse lays: Roland's refusal to sound the horn and Gunnar's refusal to reveal the gold are both proud choices that end in death.
The Poetic Edda + The Age of Fable
Bulfinch's chapters on Northern mythology retell Voluspo's themes and the Thor stories for general readers, giving younger students an easier way into the poems.
Science and Hypothesis + Elements, Book I
Poincaré treats the axioms of Euclid's Book I, and especially the parallel assumption, as conventions rather than self-evident truths, while still judging Euclid's geometry the most convenient.
Science and Hypothesis + The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory
Duhem, Poincaré's French contemporary, likewise holds that physical theory aims at representing relations among laws rather than explaining hidden reality, and argues that experiments test whole groups of hypotheses together.
Science and Hypothesis + Relativity: The Special and General Theory
Einstein read Science and Hypothesis before 1905; his popular account of relativity discusses the meaning of geometry and simultaneity in terms that respond to Poincaré's questions.
Science and Hypothesis + Popular Scientific Lectures
Mach also stresses the economy of scientific thought and criticizes Newton's absolute space, topics Poincaré treats in Chapters VI and VII.
Science and Hypothesis + Novum Organon Renovatum
Whewell, writing half a century earlier, also insisted that the mind contributes ideas to scientific knowledge, but he regarded geometrical axioms as necessary truths rather than conventions.
Personal Knowledge + The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory
Duhem's appeal to the physicist's 'good sense' where logic leaves theory choice open anticipates Polanyi's account of personal judgment and tacit skill in science.
Personal Knowledge + The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Kuhn's paradigms, learned through exemplars, and his account of conversion between frameworks parallel Polanyi's tacit knowledge and his discussion of controversy between rival conceptual frameworks.
Personal Knowledge + The Logic of Scientific Discovery
Popper stresses impersonal criticism and falsification; Polanyi stresses the commitment and trained judgment that criticism itself presupposes.
Personal Knowledge + The Abolition of Man
Lewis and Polanyi both resist the reduction of value and judgment to subjective feeling, and both see that reduction as a threat to education and to a free society.
Personal Knowledge + Confessions
Polanyi takes from Augustine the principle that understanding begins in belief; the Confessions show that pattern in Augustine's own life.
Politics + De Regno
Politics can be compared with de-regno to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Politics + The Republic
Politics can be compared with the-republic to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. + Veazie Bank v. Fenno
Chase's 1869 conclusion that direct taxes meant only head and land taxes was the chief precedent relied on by the government and the Pollock dissenters.
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. + The Federalist Papers
Hamilton's discussion of the taxing power and of apportionment in Federalist Nos. 21 and 36 is among the founding sources both sides read in Pollock.
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. + The Wealth of Nations
Smith's maxims of taxation and his treatment of taxes on rent and profit belong to the political economy that Fuller cites and the dissenters set aside.
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. + National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
In 2012 the Court again had to decide whether a federal exaction was a direct tax requiring apportionment, citing the line of cases that includes Pollock.
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. + Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States
Edward Douglass White, a Pollock dissenter, later wrote as Chief Justice for the Court in the 1911 Standard Oil case, another landmark of federal economic power.
Pollyanna + Heidi
Both books send a cheerful orphan girl to an unwilling guardian, and in both the child's joy softens a bitter adult and helps an invalid toward healing.
Pollyanna + Anne of Green Gables
Anne and Pollyanna are talkative red-haired orphans who win over stern unmarried guardians in small towns; Anne is ruled by imagination, Pollyanna by gladness.
Pollyanna + The Secret Garden
Mary Lennox begins sour and is healed by the garden, while Pollyanna begins glad and must be healed herself; both books link the spirit's health with the body's.
Pollyanna + Understood Betsy
Two Vermont novels of the same decade in which a girl sent to live with relatives grows through daily life in a New England household.
Pollyanna + Little Lord Fauntleroy
Cedric and Pollyanna each melt the heart of a rich, hard old relative or neighbour simply by assuming the best of him.
The Histories, Book VI + Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius
Discourses I.2 retells Polybius's cycle of six constitutions almost point by point and agrees that Rome's mixture of consuls, Senate and tribunes made it durable, while Machiavelli adds that the quarrels between plebs and Senate were a cause of Roman liberty.
The Histories, Book VI + The Republic and The Laws
Cicero, who had read Polybius, makes Scipio Aemilianus (Polybius's own friend) the speaker who praises a blend of kingship, aristocracy and democracy as the best form, and places the Roman republic at the height of that balance.
The Histories, Book VI + Politics
Aristotle's six constitutions, three correct and three deviant, supply the frame of Polybius's classification; Polybius turns Aristotle's static list into a cycle in time.
The Histories, Book VI + The Spirit of the Laws
Montesquieu's Book XI argues that power must be a check to power and finds liberty in a separation of powers; Polybius had described consuls, Senate and people restraining one another nineteen centuries earlier.
The Histories, Book VI + The Federalist Papers
Publius builds the American constitution on mutual checks among branches; reading Polybius chs. 15–18 beside Federalist 51 shows how the classical mixed constitution of orders became a balance of offices in a republic without kings or nobles.
The Histories, Book VI + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Thucydides' accounts of Athenian assemblies swayed by fear and confidence are the kind of history behind Polybius's image of the Athenian people as a ship without a commander.
The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account) + The Bible
Spence notes that the opening resembles Genesis 1, with creation by a spoken word in darkness over the waters, and later finds a likeness to Babel in the confusion of speech at Tulan; he argues the resemblance came from the Christianized setting of the writers rather than deliberate borrowing.
The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account) + Theogony and Works and Days
Both explain the present human race as the last of several makings, Hesiod's races of gold, silver and bronze and the Popol Vuh's peoples of wood and maize, and both tell of proud early beings overthrown by younger gods.
The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account) + Kalevala
Like Lönnrot's epic, the Popol Vuh opens with creation from primeval waters and gives power to the spoken word; both reach English readers through 19th-century collectors and translators.
The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account) + The Epic of Gilgamesh
Both include a destroying flood sent on an earlier humanity and a hero's journey to the realm of death; Gilgamesh fails to overcome death, while the Hero Twins defeat its lords.
The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account) + The Poetic Edda
Spence compares Vukub-Cakix and his sons, earth-born giants overthrown by young gods, with the Jotuns of Norse myth; the Edda's Völuspá likewise moves from creation to the shaping of the sun and moon.
The Logic of Scientific Discovery + A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction
Mill offers the classic nineteenth-century logic of induction, grounding it on the uniformity of nature; Popper denies that induction can be justified at all and replaces it with deductive testing, though both discuss why a single instance can refute a universal claim.
The Logic of Scientific Discovery + An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
Hume's argument that inference from experience cannot be justified by reason is the problem Popper accepts as unanswerable on its own terms and answers by rejecting induction as the method of science.
The Logic of Scientific Discovery + Relativity: The Special and General Theory
Einstein's statement that the general theory would be untenable if the red shift were not found is the kind of risky prediction Popper takes as the mark of science.
The Logic of Scientific Discovery + The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Kuhn's account of normal science, in which scientists work within a paradigm and do not seek to refute it, is the most influential challenge to Popper's picture; the two met in debate in London in 1965.
The Logic of Scientific Discovery + The Open Society and Its Enemies
Popper's political book applies the method of conjecture and refutation to society, preferring piecemeal reform that can be tested and corrected to comprehensive blueprints.
The Logic of Scientific Discovery + Novum Organum
Bacon hoped to build science on careful induction from observations; Popper explicitly rejects this inductive ideal, though he shares Bacon's stress on the instructive force of negative instances.
The Open Society and Its Enemies + The Republic
The Republic is the chief object of Volume I. Popper reads its account of justice and the philosopher-king as a defence of an arrested, class-ordered city; defenders of Plato read the same dialogue as an inquiry into the order of the soul in which the ideal city is a pattern rather than a programme.
The Open Society and Its Enemies + Laws
Popper draws on the Laws for Plato's late political views, especially its regulation of education, religion and travel; scholars who answer Popper point to its rule of law, its persuasive preambles and its accountability of officials.
The Open Society and Its Enemies + Philosophy of Right
Popper's Chapter 12 attacks Hegel's philosophy of the state; Hegel's defenders, including Walter Kaufmann, argue that the Philosophy of Right describes a constitutional state with protected individual rights and that Popper misreads it.
The Open Society and Its Enemies + The Communist Manifesto
Most of Volume II examines Marx. Popper accepts the Manifesto's moral concern for the workers but rejects its claim that history moves necessarily toward the victory of the proletariat.
The Open Society and Its Enemies + The Road to Serfdom
Hayek's book appeared in 1944 while Popper was finishing his own, and Hayek helped secure its publication; both oppose comprehensive central planning, though Popper is more open to piecemeal intervention by the state.
The Open Society and Its Enemies + The Federalist Papers
Madison's argument that institutions must be built for men who are not angels anticipates Popper's proposal to ask how institutions can limit the harm done by bad rulers.
The Practice of the Presence of God + The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus
Teresa of Avila founded the Discalced Carmelite reform that Lawrence joined; she also wrote that God walks among the pots and pans, and her life shows the contemplative tradition that his kitchen practice simplifies.
The Practice of the Presence of God + The Rule of St Benedict
Benedict joins prayer and manual labour in the monastic day and sets a cellarer and kitchen servers among the brothers; Lawrence goes further in making the work itself continuous prayer.
The Practice of the Presence of God + The Story of a Soul
Thérèse of Lisieux, another French Carmelite, taught a little way of small acts done with love two centuries later; both find holiness in hidden, ordinary duties rather than great deeds.
The Practice of the Presence of God + Pensees
Pascal, writing in Paris in the 1650s and early 1660s, argues that human unhappiness comes from the inability to rest quietly in a room; Lawrence, a near contemporary in the same city, offers a practical answer in constant recollection of God.
The Practice of the Presence of God + Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners
Bunyan, a contemporary, records years of terror that he was damned before finding assurance; Lawrence describes four years of the same fear and his release through a resolve to love God regardless.
Pride and Prejudice + Sense and Sensibility
Pride and Prejudice can be compared with sense-and-sensibility to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Pride and Prejudice + Twelfth Night
Pride and Prejudice can be compared with twelfth-night to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Pride and Prejudice + Emma
Emma (1815) is Austen's other great comedy of self-knowledge; where Elizabeth Bennet learns she misjudged others, Emma Woodhouse learns she has been managing others' lives with confident error.
Pride and Prejudice + Love and Freindship and Other Early Works
Austen's teenage burlesques of sentimental novels show the comic instinct that later matured into Pride and Prejudice's irony.
Prince Caspian + The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
The first book's Stone Table now lies buried under Aslan's How, and the Pevensies' coronation gifts are dug out of their own ruined treasure chamber; the sequel asks what remains of a golden age after centuries.
Prince Caspian + The Voyage of the Dawn Treader
Caspian, now king, sails east with Edmund, Lucy and Reepicheep, and Reepicheep's longing for Aslan's country carries on the faith he shows here.
Prince Caspian + The Silver Chair
Both turn on following Aslan's signs against appearances; Puddleglum's stubborn loyalty echoes Trufflehunter's patient trust that Aslan will come.
Prince Caspian + The Hobbit
Tolkien's dwarves and Lewis's Trumpkin and Nikabrik share a gruffness and a long grievance, but Nikabrik shows where bitterness without faith can lead.
Prince Caspian + The Aeneid
A rightful heir driven out, a war for a homeland and help from the gods: Virgil's epic is the classical pattern behind Caspian's restoration, though Lewis's hero wins by humility rather than destiny alone.
Prince Caspian + The Bacchae and Other Plays
Euripides' Dionysus brings a wild, dangerous revel to Thebes; Lewis's Bacchus is tamed by Aslan's presence, as Susan remarks that she would not feel safe with him if Aslan were not there.
Principia + On the Origin of Species
Principia can be compared with on-the-origin-of-species to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Principia + Discourse on Method
Principia can be compared with discourse-on-method to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War) + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Procopius consciously imitates Thucydides, from the opening claim of accuracy to the structure of the plague chapters, which set the Constantinople pestilence beside the plague at Athens.
History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War) + The Secret History
The same author's unpublished companion portrays Justinian, Theodora, Belisarius and Antonina in harsh terms; reading the two together shows how genre and audience shaped what a court historian could say.
History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War) + The Institutes of Justinian
The legal textbook issued in 533 shows the lawgiving side of the emperor whose wars Procopius narrates; Tribonian, whom Procopius calls Tribunianus, was the leading figure of the codification and is dismissed in the Nika chapter.
History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War) + The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire
Kyle Harper's modern study uses Procopius's eyewitness account of 542 alongside genetic and climate evidence to argue for the plague's large place in Rome's late history.
History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War) + The Plague
Camus's novel of an epidemic in Oran echoes themes Procopius records firsthand: burial overwhelmed, trade halted, and citizens briefly drawn into common service by danger.
History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War) + The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)
Gibbon relies heavily on Procopius for his chapters on Justinian, the Nika sedition and the plague, and his narrative shows how the Greek historian's scenes entered modern historiography.
The Secret History + History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)
The Wars narrates the same reign, including Belisarius's campaigns and the plague, with measured judgment; the Secret History claims to supply the causes Procopius left out there.
The Secret History + The Institutes of Justinian
Justinian's own legal textbook presents the emperor as the restorer of Roman law, the side of his reign that the Secret History calls reckless innovation.
The Secret History + The Twelve Caesars
Suetonius's lives also mix public record with private scandal about emperors, a Roman tradition of biographical invective that Procopius continues.
The Secret History + Chronographia
Michael Psellos, five centuries later, offers another insider's frank and personal portraits of Byzantine emperors and empresses, written with more open sympathy.
The Secret History + The New Roman Empire: A History of Byzantium
Anthony Kaldellis, a leading modern interpreter of Procopius, places Justinian's reign in a full narrative of the eastern empire.
The Prose Edda + The Poetic Edda
Snorri quotes Voluspa, Grimnismal and other Eddic poems throughout Gylfaginning; the Poetic Edda gives those poems whole, so the two books can be read side by side.
The Prose Edda + Beowulf
Beowulf is an Old English poem from a Christian author looking back on pagan Scandinavian heroes, much as Snorri does; both mention the Danish Scyldings and a world under the shadow of doom.
The Prose Edda + The Library (Bibliotheca)
Apollodorus's Library is the Greek counterpart of Snorri's handbook: a prose compendium that organises a whole mythology from the beginning of the cosmos onward for readers who needed the stories explained.
The Prose Edda + The Age of Fable
Bulfinch retells the Norse myths of Thor's visit to Jotunheim, the death of Baldur and the twilight of the gods for nineteenth-century American readers, drawing ultimately on the Edda.
The Prose Edda + The Hobbit
Tolkien took Thorin, Oakenshield, Gandalf and other dwarf names from the dwarf-list in Gylfaginning and Voluspa and gave them new life in Middle-earth.
The Prose Edda + Metamorphoses
Ovid also begins with chaos and the shaping of the world before passing to the loves and quarrels of the gods; his cosmos ends in Roman glory, Snorri's in the fire of the last battle and a renewed earth.
Swann's Way + To the Lighthouse
Woolf admired Proust and, like him, builds a novel from a family's summer house, memory and the passing of years; her Time Passes section compresses what Proust expands.
Swann's Way + Mrs. Dalloway
Clarissa's day in London is shaped by sudden memories of Bourton, a smaller-scale version of Proust's involuntary recall.
Swann's Way + Confessions
Augustine's Book X on the vast halls of memory and Book XI on time are the great ancestors of Proust's meditation, though Augustine seeks God where Proust seeks lost time.
Swann's Way + Confessions
Rousseau's memories of childhood at Bossey and his periwinkle recalled thirty years later anticipate the madeleine's power to restore the past.
Swann's Way + The Great Gatsby
Gatsby, like Swann, builds an image of a woman from imagination and tries to repeat the past; both stories are told by an observer who learned from them.
Psalm 23 + The Pilgrim's Progress
Bunyan sends Christian through a Valley of the Shadow of Death drawn from verse 4, turning the psalm's single line into a long allegorical ordeal of darkness and doubt.
Psalm 23 + Holy Sonnet X: "Death, be not proud"
Both face death without fear, but the psalm rests on the shepherd's presence in the valley while Donne's sonnet argues death down and announces its end.
Psalm 23 + Cædmon's Hymn
Two short songs of praise at the head of their traditions: Caedmon's nine lines open English religious poetry as the psalm's English versions shaped later devotion.
Psalm 23 + God's Grandeur
Hopkins, like the psalmist, finds God's care in the natural world; his Holy Ghost broods over the bent world as the shepherd leads beside still waters.
Chronographia + The Alexiad
Anna Komnene continues the story from her father's accession in 1081, writes with similar classical learning, and acknowledges Psellos as a man of great erudition.
Chronographia + The Secret History
Five centuries earlier, Procopius also wrote an insider's account of the palace, of a powerful empress and of court intrigue, in a far more hostile tone than Psellos.
Chronographia + The Twelve Caesars
Suetonius's lives of the emperors arrange history by ruler and dwell on appearance, habits and health, a method Psellos's reign-by-reign portraits resemble.
Chronographia + Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire
Judith Herrin's survey of Byzantine civilization gives the background of court, church and empire against which Psellos's narrow focus on the palace can be read.
Chronographia + The New Roman Empire: A History of Byzantium
Anthony Kaldellis, a leading interpreter of Psellos, places the eleventh-century crisis within a full history of Byzantium as the continuing Roman state.
Psychopathia Sexualis + Studies on Hysteria
Psychopathia Sexualis pairs with this work because Breuer and Freud turn hysteria toward memory, trauma, catharsis, and clinical narrative.
Psychopathia Sexualis + Civilization and Its Discontents
Psychopathia Sexualis pairs with this work because Freud later converts clinical conflict into a theory of culture, guilt, and instinct.
Psychopathia Sexualis + The Interpretation of Dreams
Psychopathia Sexualis pairs with this work because Freud makes dreams and unconscious meaning central to psychological explanation.
Psychopathia Sexualis + Body and Mind
Psychopathia Sexualis pairs with this work because it shares a specific historical or conceptual problem.
Almagest + On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
Copernicus follows the Almagest's order of topics and still uses epicycles, but moves the Sun to the centre and rejects the equant in the name of uniform circular motion.
Almagest + Galileo: The Starry Messenger, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and Two New Sciences (First Day)
Galileo's telescopic discoveries of 1610 and his Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina challenge the Ptolemaic arrangement of the planets.
Almagest + New Astronomy and The Harmony of the World
Kepler's work on Mars began from an equant model in the Ptolemaic tradition and ended by replacing circles with ellipses.
Almagest + Posterior Analytics and Physics
Ptolemy takes his division of theoretical philosophy and his arguments for a central Earth from Aristotelian physics.
Almagest + Elements, Book I
The geometry of chords and the deductive style of Book I of the Almagest depend on the Euclidean tradition.
Almagest + The Divine Comedy
Dante's Paradiso climbs through the planetary spheres of the Ptolemaic cosmos to the Empyrean, giving poetic and theological form to the order Ptolemy calculated.
Gargantua and Pantagruel + Don Quixote
Cervantes and Rabelais both build comic epics from popular romance; Don Quixote and Sancho, like Pantagruel and Panurge, pair a serious idealist with a fleshly, talkative companion.
Gargantua and Pantagruel + Utopia
Rabelais borrows More's word: Pantagruel's mother is a daughter of the king of the Amaurots in Utopia, and in Book III Pantagruel resettles Utopians in Dipsody; Theleme can be read as a comic answer to More's ordered commonwealth.
Gargantua and Pantagruel + Essays
Montaigne, a generation later, shares Rabelais's humanist reading, scepticism of pedantry and interest in education, but replaces giant comedy with quiet self-examination.
Gargantua and Pantagruel + Gulliver's Travels
Swift's voyages to lands of giants and absurd academies continue Rabelais's satirical travel narrative of Book IV.
Gargantua and Pantagruel + Candide: Or Optimism
Voltaire's travelling philosophers and their failed consultations recall Panurge's endless search for an answer in Book III.
The Ramayana + The Bhagavad Gita
The Gita, part of India's other great epic, the Mahabharata, makes duty (dharma) an explicit argument between Krishna and Arjuna; the Ramayana shows the same ideal acted out in Rama's acceptance of exile.
The Ramayana + Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)
The Monkey King Sun Wukong of the Chinese novel is often compared with Hanuman: both are divine monkeys of enormous strength who serve a holy master on a long journey.
The Ramayana + The Iliad
Both epics turn on the abduction of a queen and a war fought across the sea to recover her, but Homer centres on Achilles' wrath while Valmiki centres on Rama's righteousness.
The Ramayana + The Odyssey
Like Penelope, Sita stays faithful through a long separation while suitors press her, and like Odysseus, Rama wins home after years of wandering.
The Ramayana + The Aeneid
Aeneas and Rama are both heroes defined by duty to father and destiny, and both poems close on the founding or restoring of a righteous rule.
A Theory of Justice + The Social Contract
Rousseau's general will and his concern that each person, uniting with all, remain as free as before are among the sources Rawls names for justice as fairness.
A Theory of Justice + Second Treatise of Government
Locke grounds legitimate government in the consent of free and equal persons in a state of nature; Rawls replaces the historical or natural state with a hypothetical original position.
A Theory of Justice + Utilitarianism
Mill's utilitarianism is the main theory Rawls sets out to answer, objecting that maximizing total welfare does not take seriously the distinction between persons.
A Theory of Justice + Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
Rawls offers a 'Kantian interpretation' of justice as fairness, reading the original position as a procedural expression of Kant's idea of persons as free and equal rational beings who give themselves the moral law.
A Theory of Justice + The Nicomachean Ethics
Rawls's 'Aristotelian principle', that people enjoy exercising their developed capacities, draws on Aristotle's account of activity and happiness, though Rawls places the right before the good.
A Theory of Justice + Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail
King's defence of civil disobedience in 1963 is the most famous American example of the practice that Rawls analyzes and justifies within a nearly just constitutional order.
Reflections on the Revolution in France + Common Sense, Rights of Man, The Age of Reason, and The American Crisis
Paine's Rights of Man (1791) was written as a direct reply: it denies that one generation can bind the next, defends the Declaration of the Rights of Man, and mocks the Marie Antoinette passage. Reading the two side by side gives the whole Revolution controversy in its clearest form.
Reflections on the Revolution in France + The Social Contract
Rousseau grounds legitimate authority in the general will of citizens assembled now; Burke, who names Rousseau among those the English have not followed, describes the social contract as a partnership binding the dead and the unborn.
Reflections on the Revolution in France + Second Treatise of Government
Price read 1688 through Lockean consent and the right to remove rulers who break their trust; Burke reads the same events through the Declaration of Right as a careful preservation of hereditary succession.
Reflections on the Revolution in France + A Tale of Two Cities
Dickens's novel imagines the storming of the Bastille and the Terror that followed the events Burke described in 1790, and like Burke it dwells on mobs, prisons and the fate of individuals caught in a revolution.
Reflections on the Revolution in France + The Scarlet Pimpernel
Orczy's adventure of 1792–93, with its English rescuers of French aristocrats, turns into romance the English reaction to the Revolution that Burke's book helped to form.
Reflections on the Revolution in France + The Spirit of the Laws
Montesquieu's praise of intermediate powers and of the English constitution supplies much of the background to Burke's defence of nobility, clergy and parlements as barriers between the monarch and the people.
Regensburg Lecture + Timaeus
Regensburg Lecture can be compared with timaeus to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Regensburg Lecture + An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
Regensburg Lecture can be compared with an-enquiry-concerning-human-understanding to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Rerum Novarum + Centesimus Annus
John Paul II wrote for the encyclical's hundredth anniversary in 1991, rereading its defence of property and of workers' associations after the collapse of the Soviet bloc and adding reflections on the market economy.
Rerum Novarum + The Communist Manifesto
Marx and Engels in 1848 called for the abolition of bourgeois property and described history as class struggle; Leo answers both claims directly, defending property as natural and calling class hostility a great mistake.
Rerum Novarum + The Wealth of Nations
Smith's account of wages set by the bargaining of masters and workmen, in which masters usually have the advantage, is the market background against which Leo insists on a wage sufficient for a frugal worker's support.
Rerum Novarum + Summa Theologica
Leo's teaching that private property is lawful and necessary yet its use should be common in need comes directly from Aquinas, II-II, q. 66, which he quotes.
Rerum Novarum + Hard Times
Dickens's Coketown (1854) dramatizes the factory hands, long hours and indifferent masters that Leo addresses in principle forty years later.
Rerum Novarum + Lectures on Calvinism
Abraham Kuyper, a Dutch Reformed statesman, opened the first Christian Social Congress in Amsterdam in 1891, the same year as Rerum Novarum, and his idea of sphere sovereignty offers a Protestant parallel to Leo's limits on the State's reach into family and association.
Reves v. Ernst & Young + SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.
Marshall quotes Howey on the countless and variable schemes devised to use others' money, but declines to apply Howey's investment-contract test to instruments called notes.
Reves v. Ernst & Young + SEC v. Edwards
Fourteen years later the Court again read the securities definition broadly against a fixed-return scheme, this time under the Howey test for investment contracts.
Reves v. Ernst & Young + Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder
Both cases involve suits against outside auditors of a failed enterprise; Reves asks what counts as a security, Hochfelder what mental state a Rule 10b-5 claim requires.
Reves v. Ernst & Young + Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon
Stevens's concurrence in Reves quotes his own McMahon opinion on why a settled construction of a statute should stand until Congress changes it.
Reynolds v. United States + The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
Waite quotes Jefferson's statute, including its provision that civil officers may intervene when principles break out into overt acts against peace and good order, as the source of the belief-action line.
Reynolds v. United States + Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention
Madison's Memorial and Remonstrance, which Waite cites, argued that religion, the duty we owe to our Creator, lies outside the cognizance of civil government.
Reynolds v. United States + Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible
Jefferson's letter to the Danbury Baptists, with its wall of separation, enters constitutional law through this opinion.
Reynolds v. United States + Wisconsin v. Yoder
In 1972 the Court exempted Amish families from compulsory schooling laws, giving religious practice more protection than Reynolds's belief-action distinction had allowed.
Reynolds v. United States + Minersville School District v. Gobitis
Gobitis relied on reasoning like Reynolds's to uphold a general flag-salute requirement against religious objectors in 1940, a ruling reversed three years later.
Reynolds v. United States + The Founding Documents
The case turns on the First Amendment's two religion clauses and on Congress's Article IV power to govern the territories.
Richard III + Macbeth
Both plays follow a usurper who murders for a crown and is haunted before his final battle; Macbeth is tormented by guilt from the first murder, while Richard enjoys his crimes until the ghosts come.
Richard III + The Prince
Richard boasts in 3 Henry VI of setting the murderous Machiavel to school, and here he practices the arts Machiavelli analyzed: feigned piety, swift cruelty, and the show of popular demand.
Richard III + Utopia
Thomas More, author of Utopia, also wrote the unfinished History of King Richard III that shaped the Tudor chronicles behind the play, so his portrait of a dissembling tyrant lies under Shakespeare's.
Richard III + Henry V
Henry V is the second tetralogy's ideal king, who gives his victory to God; Richard is the first tetralogy's tyrant, who mocks piety and dies alone, and both stories end with a royal marriage that seals peace.
Richard III + Henry IV, Part 1
Prince Hal, like Richard, takes the audience into his confidence in an early soliloquy, but Hal hides virtue under a wild exterior while Richard hides villainy under a pious one.
Robinson Crusoe + Treasure Island
Island ordeal and resourcefulness.
Robinson Crusoe + Around the World in Eighty Days
Travel ordeal under different clocks.
Robinson v. California + Linder v. United States
Stewart's treatment of addiction as an illness echoes the 1925 Court's description of addicts as diseased and proper subjects for treatment, now in a challenge to a state criminal law.
Robinson v. California + Webb v. United States
Forty-three years earlier the Court treated supplying an addicted person as the wrong; in Robinson the question was whether being addicted could itself be one.
Robinson v. California + Jacobson v. Massachusetts
Stewart cites Jacobson to confirm that a state may impose compulsory treatment, the alternative he contrasts with criminal punishment.
Robinson v. California + A Treatise on Insanity
Pinel's call to treat the insane as patients rather than as prisoners anticipates the history Douglas recounts in his concurrence.
Robinson v. California + O'Connor v. Donaldson
Thirteen years later the Court addressed the other side of compulsory treatment: when a state may confine a mentally ill person who is not dangerous.
Roe v. Wade + Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey
Nineteen years later the Casey joint opinion kept Roe's central holding on grounds of stare decisis while abandoning the trimester scheme that Blackmun had laid out in Part XI.
Roe v. Wade + Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
The Dobbs majority adopted much of the historical argument of Rehnquist's Roe dissent, including his count of state laws in force in 1868, and overruled Roe in 2022.
Roe v. Wade + Lochner v. New York
Blackmun quotes Holmes's Lochner dissent on a Constitution made for people of differing views, while Rehnquist argues that Roe's method more closely resembles Peckham's Lochner majority.
Roe v. Wade + The Founding Documents
The opinions turn on the Ninth Amendment's reservation of rights to the people and on the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, both printed with the Constitution in this collection.
Roe v. Wade + The Federalist Papers
Hamilton's Federalist No. 78 describes the judiciary as having neither force nor will but merely judgment, a description both the majority's claim of constitutional measurement and White's charge of raw judicial power invite readers to test.
Roe v. Wade + The Anti-Federalist Papers
Brutus warned in 1788 that federal judges would interpret the Constitution according to its spirit and reason and would answer to no one, a concern that recurs in White's dissent.
Romeo and Juliet + Much Ado About Nothing
In both plays a friar devises a feigned death for a slandered or desperate bride; in the comedy the plan works and Hero is restored, in the tragedy a delayed letter turns it to real death.
Romeo and Juliet + A Midsummer Night's Dream
Written in the same years, the Dream's mechanicals stage Pyramus and Thisbe, a farcical version of the same plot of forbidden lovers, a wall and a double suicide by mistake.
Romeo and Juliet + Metamorphoses
Ovid's Pyramus and Thisbe in Book IV is the ancient pattern for the story of parted lovers, a misread sign of death and a double suicide at a tomb.
Romeo and Juliet + Troilus and Criseyde
Chaucer's lovers, also brought together by a go-between and also undone by war between their peoples, end in betrayal rather than death, a different medieval answer to youthful love.
Romeo and Juliet + Tales from Shakespeare
Charles and Mary Lamb's prose retelling of 1807 introduced generations of children to this plot before they met the verse.
Romeo and Juliet + Sonnets
Romeo and Juliet's Prologue and the shared sonnet at the Capulet feast use the same fourteen-line English form Shakespeare used throughout the 154 Sonnets of 1609, where love, time and constancy are also the main subjects.
Discourse on the Origin of Inequality + The Social Contract
The Social Contract takes up where the Discourse ends: if the rich man's contract was a deception, Rousseau asks what form of association could make citizens free under law through the general will.
Discourse on the Origin of Inequality + Leviathan
Rousseau directly answers Hobbes, arguing that the war of all against all describes social man projected back into nature, and that natural man is moved by pity rather than fear and pride.
Discourse on the Origin of Inequality + Second Treatise of Government
Locke grounds property in labour mixed with the earth and calls government a protection of property; Rousseau's man who fences the land and says This is mine retells the same origin as the beginning of misery.
Discourse on the Origin of Inequality + The Wealth of Nations
Smith reviewed the Discourse in 1756 and shared Rousseau's interest in the division of labour and the desire for esteem, but judged commercial society a road to the general prosperity of the poor.
Discourse on the Origin of Inequality + Confessions
The Confessions recount the composition of the Discourse and dramatize the same contrast between an inner self and life in others' opinion.
Confessions + Confessions
Rousseau borrows Augustine's title and confessional frame but reverses its direction: Augustine confesses to God to praise grace, while Rousseau appeals to the reader's judgment and asks to be found no worse than any other person.
Confessions + Essays
Montaigne had painted himself 'wholly naked' a generation of readers earlier, and Rousseau acknowledges and disparages him. Where Montaigne's self is changeable and essayed in fragments, Rousseau's is a unique nature narrated from birth.
Confessions + The Social Contract
Book XI narrates the publication and condemnation of The Social Contract and Emile. Reading them together exposes the gap between the citizen of the general will and the solitary, persecuted individual of the autobiography.
Confessions + The Interpretation of Dreams
Freud's self-analysis through his own dreams and childhood memories continues Rousseau's project of explaining the adult through early scenes, now with a theory of the unconscious that Rousseau lacked.
Confessions + The Varieties of Religious Experience
The Vincennes illumination, with its sudden 'agitation which approached a delirium' and lasting change of character, fits the secular conversion experiences that William James catalogues.
Confessions + Reveries of the Solitary Walker (Jean-Jacques Rousseau)
Rousseau's last, unfinished work returns to the Île de Saint-Pierre and to botany in a calmer register, showing a mind that has partly made peace with the persecution the Confessions describe.
The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson + The Last of the Mohicans
Cooper's novel, set in the French and Indian War, draws on the captivity tradition that Rowlandson began: women carried into the forest, forced marches and rescue; Cooper writes romance a century and a half later, Rowlandson a firsthand account.
The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson + Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners
Bunyan's spiritual autobiography of 1666 shares Rowlandson's Puritan habit of tracing God's hand through particular verses that seize the soul in despair and hope.
The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson + The Mayflower Compact
The Plymouth settlers' covenant of 1620 begins the history whose crisis Rowlandson lived through; Plymouth's alliance with the Wampanoag under Massasoit, Metacom's father, broke down in the war of 1675.
The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson + The Scarlet Letter
Hawthorne's romance of seventeenth-century Boston imagines the Puritan world from the nineteenth century, while Rowlandson speaks from inside it with the same Scripture-saturated conscience.
The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson + The Witch of Blackbird Pond
Speare's novel is set in Wethersfield, Connecticut, in the 1680s, the town where Rowlandson lived after her release, and shows the same Puritan households from a young newcomer's eyes.
The Fall of Constantinople, 1453 + The Fall of Constantinople, 1453: Eyewitness Accounts
The eyewitness narratives, such as those of the Venetian ship's surgeon Nicolo Barbaro and other defenders, are the raw material from which Runciman built his day-by-day reconstruction.
The Fall of Constantinople, 1453 + Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople
Villehardouin's account of the Fourth Crusade's capture of the city in 1204 tells of the earlier blow that Runciman treats as the beginning of the end for Byzantium.
The Fall of Constantinople, 1453 + The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)
Gibbon's closing chapters on the siege of 1453 are the great eighteenth-century treatment of the same event, written with less sympathy for Byzantium than Runciman shows.
The Fall of Constantinople, 1453 + Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire
Judith Herrin's thematic portrait of Byzantine civilization supplies the thousand years of culture whose end Runciman narrates.
The Fall of Constantinople, 1453 + The New Roman Empire: A History of Byzantium
Kaldellis's history of the eastern Roman state treats the Byzantines as Romans to the end, a framework that sharpens Runciman's account of the last emperor.
Essays on Education in a Republic + Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind
Rush's 1812 treatise on mental illness develops the conviction behind his educational essays that physical causes act on the mind and the moral faculty, the same idea that leads him in 1786 to prescribe diet, exercise, sleep and solitude for students.
Essays on Education in a Republic + A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People During the Late Awful Calamity in Philadelphia
Richard Allen and Absalom Jones describe the nursing and burial work Black Philadelphians undertook at Rush's request in the epidemic of 1793, two years after his Bible essay; read together they show Rush as physician and civic organizer in the same city where his school plans were addressed.
Essays on Education in a Republic + The Republic
Plato's guardians are educated in music and gymnastic for the sake of the city; Rush likewise joins vocal music and bodily discipline to moral instruction, and his claim that a pupil is public property echoes the ancient subordination of the citizen to the city, though Rush grounds his scheme in the Gospel rather than in philosophy.
Essays on Education in a Republic + Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible
Jefferson's plans for Virginia, from the Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowledge of 1779 to the University of Virginia, share Rush's aim of a statewide system from township schools to a university, but Jefferson kept religious instruction out of the university's curriculum while Rush placed it at the foundation.
Essays on Education in a Republic + Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack
Franklin, whom Rush quotes in his answer to Muir, had proposed in 1749 an English-centred, practical academy for Philadelphia; Rush's preference for useful over ornamental learning continues that local tradition.
The Problems of Philosophy + Meditations on First Philosophy
Russell reviews Descartes's method of doubt in Chapter II and accepts its value while denying that the cogito proves an enduring self.
The Problems of Philosophy + A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
Chapter IV examines Berkeley's argument that to be is to be perceived and rejects it as resting on a confusion between the act of apprehension and the thing apprehended.
The Problems of Philosophy + An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
Hume's analysis of cause and custom lies behind Russell's problem of induction and his discussion of a priori knowledge in Chapters VI–VIII.
The Problems of Philosophy + The Republic
Russell's defense of universals in Chapter IX explicitly follows Plato's theory of ideas, while stripping it of its mystical associations.
The Problems of Philosophy + An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Locke's empiricism, with its claim that all knowledge derives from experience, is the position Russell weighs against the rationalists in Chapter VII.
The Problems of Philosophy + Philosophical Investigations
Wittgenstein, Russell's student at Cambridge from 1911, later attacked the picture of meaning and private acquaintance on which the Problems relies.
Ruth + The Scarlet Letter
Both portray an unmarried mother punished by a religious community while the father evades judgement; Hester's open shame contrasts with Ruth's concealed history.
Ruth + David Copperfield
Dickens's Little Em'ly and Martha are contemporary fallen-woman figures; Dickens and Gaskell shared the cause of rescuing such women.
Ruth + Effi Briest
Both trace how a woman's sexual past, once revealed, is used to destroy her social standing and separate her from her child.
Ruth + A Christmas Carol
Both use illness and the threat of death to provoke the conversion of a hard-hearted man, Scrooge and Bradshaw.
Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War + First Oration Against Catiline
Cicero's speech of November 63 BC is the denunciation that Sallust mentions in Catiline XXXI as a brilliant oration later published; the two give the consul's and the historian's views of the same crisis.
Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War + Julius Caesar
Shakespeare's Caesar and Cato's son-in-law Brutus belong to the next act of the drama whose earlier scene Sallust records in the debate of 5 December.
Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War + The Fall of the Roman Republic: Six Lives
Plutarch's lives of Marius, Sulla, Caesar and Cicero retell many of the same events from biography rather than monograph, with different emphases on character.
Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War + The History of Rome, Books I-V
Livy's early Rome is the virtuous city Sallust praises in Catiline VI–IX; both historians write to show how character rises and falls with the fortunes of the state.
Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War + City of God
Augustine draws on Sallust's account of Roman virtue and its decline to argue that Rome's greatness rested on love of glory and was not a gift of its gods.
Catiline's War and The Jugurthine War + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Thucydides was Sallust's chief stylistic model; his paired speeches and his analysis of civil strife at Corcyra stand behind the Caesar and Cato debate and the digression on factions.
Sam the Minuteman + Paul Revere's Ride
Longfellow's poem tells the night ride that raised the alarm; Benchley's story begins where the ride ends, with a boy woken by the bells and sent to the Lexington green.
Sam the Minuteman + Johnny Tremain
Esther Forbes's older and longer novel also brings a boy to the morning of Lexington and Concord, seen from Boston; Sam's story is the farmyard view of the same day for younger readers.
Sam the Minuteman + Frog and Toad Are Friends
Arnold Lobel illustrated Sam the Minuteman just before writing and drawing Frog and Toad; the same pen line serves a war story and a gentle friendship story in the I Can Read format.
Sam the Minuteman + Keep the Lights Burning, Abbie
Both are easy-reader histories about a child who must do a grown-up's duty in a time of danger, Sam on the battlefield and Abbie Burgess at the lighthouse.
Sam the Minuteman + The Courage of Sarah Noble
Both short books for young readers follow a child into frightening early American settings and define courage as going on while afraid.
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez + Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Powell quoted Brown's statement that education is perhaps the most important function of state and local government, then explained why that importance did not make it a fundamental right.
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez + Sweatt v. Painter
Marshall, who had argued Sweatt as counsel, quoted its comparison of two Texas law schools to argue that resources do affect educational quality.
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez + Plyler v. Doe
Nine years later Brennan's majority accepted Rodriguez's holding that education is not a fundamental right yet still struck down a Texas law denying schooling to a class of children.
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez + Democracy in America
Tocqueville's praise of the New England township and local self-government illuminates the value of local control on which Powell relied.
Sanshirō + Botchan
Sōseki's two young men travel in opposite directions: Botchan goes from Tokyo to a provincial school and returns in disgust, while Sanshirō comes from Kyushu to the capital and is bewildered by it.
Sanshirō + Kokoro
Kokoro also centers on a Tokyo student and an older teacher-figure, but its Sensei carries a hidden guilt, while Hirota's skepticism stays wry and open.
Sanshirō + This Side of Paradise
Fitzgerald's Amory Blaine at Princeton and Sōseki's Sanshirō in Tokyo are university newcomers drifting among friends, ideas and an unattainable young woman.
Sanshirō + Great Expectations
Both follow a provincial youth into a great city and a world of refined women and society, and both measure that new world against the home left behind.
Sanshirō + Fathers and Sons
Turgenev's students and Sōseki's young men stand at the meeting of an old order and new learning, with an older generation watching uneasily.
Sarah, Plain and Tall + Little House on the Prairie
Both show a family making a home on the open prairie; Wilder's Ingalls family travels west together, while the Wittings must take in a newcomer who comes alone.
Sarah, Plain and Tall + The Courage of Sarah Noble
Two Sarahs who leave home for a wild new place; Sarah Noble is a child keeping up her courage in Connecticut, Sarah Wheaton a grown woman deciding where she belongs.
Sarah, Plain and Tall + Anne of Green Gables
In each book a newcomer arrives on trial to a household that has asked for someone, and wins the family over until they cannot imagine her leaving.
Sarah, Plain and Tall + Heidi
Heidi pines for the mountains in Frankfurt as Sarah longs for the sea on the prairie; both books treat homesickness tenderly and resolve it through love.
Sarah, Plain and Tall + Keep the Lights Burning, Abbie
Abbie Burgess's Maine lighthouse is the coastal world Sarah leaves behind; reading them together lets children picture the sea Sarah misses.
No Exit and Three Other Plays + The Oresteia
Aeschylus's Orestes is pursued by the Furies and freed by the court of Athena; Sartre's Orestes refuses any divine verdict and carries his deed alone.
No Exit and Three Other Plays + The Divine Comedy
Dante's hell is an ordered place of just punishment under God; Sartre's hell is a closed room in which the damned are each other's punishment.
No Exit and Three Other Plays + The Stranger
Sartre reviewed The Stranger in 1943; both writers set a lonely hero against social judgment, though Camus rejected Sartre's existentialist label for himself.
No Exit and Three Other Plays + The Brothers Karamazov
In Existentialism Is a Humanism Sartre took as his starting point Ivan Karamazov's claim that if God does not exist everything is permitted; the plays explore what freedom means on that premise.
No Exit and Three Other Plays + To Kill a Mockingbird
Both works treat a false accusation against a Black man in the American South of the 1930s; Harper Lee tells the story from inside a Southern town, Sartre from the viewpoint of a French visitor's satire.
No Exit and Three Other Plays + The Sickness Unto Death
Kierkegaard's analysis of despair as the refusal to be oneself before God is the Christian root of the existentialist tradition that Sartre carried in an atheist direction.
A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States + NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
Two years later Hughes himself wrote for a majority upholding federal labor regulation of a steel company, turning from Schechter's direct-indirect test toward a broader view of commerce.
A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States + Wickard v. Filburn
In 1942 the Court held that even a farmer's own wheat could be regulated for its aggregate effect on commerce, the kind of distant repercussion Cardozo had found insufficient.
A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States + Gibbons v. Ogden
Marshall's 1824 definition of commerce among the states, and his acknowledgment of commerce completely internal to a state, stand behind both Hughes's limit and later expansions.
A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States + Second Treatise of Government
Locke wrote that the legislative cannot transfer the power of making laws to any other hands, an idea close to Hughes's holding on delegation.
A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States + The Spirit of the Laws
Montesquieu's warning that liberty is lost when legislative and executive powers are united in one person informs the separation-of-powers concern in both opinions.
A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States + Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States
The NIRA suspended much antitrust enforcement in favor of industry-wide agreements, a reversal of the approach to competition applied against Standard Oil in 1911.
Schenck v. United States + Gitlow v. New York
Six years later the majority treated state laws against advocating violent overthrow as valid without proof of imminent danger, while Holmes in dissent applied the Schenck test to argue for reversal.
Schenck v. United States + On Liberty
Mill writes that the opinion that corn-dealers starve the poor may be freely printed but punished when shouted to an excited mob outside a corn-dealer's house, an example close to Holmes's reasoning about circumstances.
Schenck v. United States + Ex parte Milligan
Both cases ask how far wartime necessity reaches into civil liberties; in 1866 the Court held that civilians could not be tried by military commission where the civil courts were open.
Schenck v. United States + The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Madison and Jefferson wrote the resolutions in 1798 against the Sedition Act, the first federal attempt to punish criticism of the government during a time of threatened war.
Schenck v. United States + Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
Fifty years later the Court protected students' silent armbands against the Vietnam War, asking whether the expression caused substantial disruption rather than whether it tended to discourage service.
Schenck v. United States + Near v. Minnesota
Hughes cites Schenck in Near to acknowledge that a government at war may prevent publication of troop movements, while holding that prior restraint is otherwise presumptively forbidden.
What Is Life? + Experiments in Plant Hybridisation (in Bateson's Mendel's Principles of Heredity)
Mendel showed that heredity comes in discrete, stable units; Schrödinger asks what physical structure could make those units so stable and answers with the aperiodic crystal.
What Is Life? + On the Origin of Species
Darwin needed heritable variation without knowing its source; Schrödinger identifies mutations as quantum jumps in the gene molecule that supply natural selection with material.
What Is Life? + Physics and Philosophy
A fellow founder of quantum mechanics also writes for general readers about what the theory means beyond physics, though Heisenberg reflects on Greek philosophy where Schrödinger turns to biology and Vedanta.
What Is Life? + The Nature of the Physical World
Eddington's popular lectures likewise explain entropy and the arrow of time and close with reflections on mind and free will.
What Is Life? + The Bhagavad Gita
The Hindu tradition of the self's identity with the universal spirit, which Schrödinger cites from the Upanishads in his Epilogue, is expressed in the Gita as well.
SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc. + Lowe v. SEC
In 1985 the Court looked again at investment newsletters and held that a bona fide publication of general, impersonal commentary falls outside the Advisers Act, drawing on the personalized advisory relationship described in Capital Gains.
SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc. + Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis
Sixteen years later the Court cited Capital Gains for the fiduciary standard the Act imposes but held that clients may sue only to rescind an advisory contract, not for damages.
SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc. + Chiarella v. United States
Chiarella turned on whether a trader owed a duty of disclosure arising from a relationship of trust, the kind of relationship Capital Gains found between adviser and client.
SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc. + SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.
Both decisions refuse to confine a securities statute to technical categories, reading it in light of its protective purpose.
SEC v. Edwards + SEC v. W. J. Howey Co.
Edwards reaffirmed and clarified the 1946 test, holding that Howey's profits include fixed returns, much as the citrus-grove buyers' service contracts entitled them to a share of net profits.
SEC v. Edwards + Reves v. Ernst & Young
O'Connor opens her analysis with Reves's statement that Congress regulated investments by whatever name they are called, and corrects a footnote in Reves that had been read to narrow the meaning of profits.
SEC v. Edwards + Aaron v. SEC
Both are SEC enforcement suits under the antifraud provisions; Aaron fixed the mental state required, while Edwards decided whether the instruments were securities at all.
SEC v. W. J. Howey Co. + SEC v. Edwards
In 2004 the Court applied Howey to a payphone sale-and-leaseback promising a fixed return, holding that a fixed rather than variable profit can still satisfy the test Murphy wrote.
SEC v. W. J. Howey Co. + Reves v. Ernst & Young
When the Court had to decide in 1990 whether promissory notes were securities, it chose a family resemblance test instead of Howey, showing that different instruments call for different measures.
SEC v. W. J. Howey Co. + The Wealth of Nations
Smith observed that directors of joint-stock companies manage other people's money rather than their own, the separation of capital from management that the Howey test identifies as the mark of an investment contract.
SEC v. W. J. Howey Co. + Wickard v. Filburn
Decided four years earlier, Wickard also involved farm produce and the reach of federal law, though there the question was congressional power rather than the meaning of a statutory term.
SEC v. W. J. Howey Co. + SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.
Like Howey, the 1963 decision reads a securities statute broadly to serve its protective purpose, there to find a fiduciary duty of disclosure in the Investment Advisers Act.
Second Treatise of Government + Leviathan
Hobbes's state of nature is already a war of all against all and calls for an absolute sovereign. Locke separates nature from war, gives natural law real content before government, and keeps a right of resistance Hobbes denies.
Second Treatise of Government + An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Published the same year, the Essay's account of the mind as unfurnished at birth underlies the Treatise's picture of children growing into reason and the claim that no one is born subject to another's will.
Second Treatise of Government + The Social Contract
Rousseau also grounds legitimacy in consent but rejects Locke's representative legislature and his defence of private property, treating the first enclosure as the origin of inequality rather than a natural right.
Second Treatise of Government + On Liberty
Mill keeps Locke's limited government but replaces natural rights with utility and worries less about kings than about social conformity; both exclude children and those lacking 'maturity of faculties' from full liberty.
Second Treatise of Government + 12 Years a Slave
Locke allows slavery only for captives taken in a just war, a doctrine that could not justify the hereditary chattel slavery Northup suffered, though Locke invested in the Royal African Company and helped draft the Carolina constitutions that sanctioned it.
Second Treatise of Government + The Declaration of Independence (Thomas Jefferson et al.)
The Declaration's 'long train of abuses', unalienable rights and government by consent closely track Locke's final chapter, with 'pursuit of happiness' in place of Locke's 'estates'.
Sense and Sensibility + Persuasion
Austen's first and last published novels both test feeling against prudence, but Persuasion's heroine regrets having been too prudent.
Sense and Sensibility + Northanger Abbey
Both satirize fashionable literary sensibility, the Gothic novel in one and the sentimental novel in the other.
Sense and Sensibility + Mansfield Park
Elinor and Fanny Price are both self-controlled heroines whose quiet integrity is set against charming but unprincipled lovers.
Sense and Sensibility + Little Women
Sisters with contrasting temperaments learn to temper their natures within a family of reduced means.
Sense and Sensibility + Washington Square
A fortune-hunting suitor and a woman's misplaced devotion; James takes the Willoughby plot to a bleaker end.
Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail + Early Black Church Sermons and Addresses
King inherits the Black church tradition of biblical public argument and adapts it to televised civil-rights struggle.
Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Douglass and King both expose the gap between American ideals and Black experience through prophetic civic rhetoric.
Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail + I Am Prepared to Die
King and Mandela both use courtroom or jail contexts to turn state punishment into an occasion for moral argument against the laws that punished them.
Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail + Letters and Papers from Prison
Bonhoeffer and King write from confinement with theological urgency, though King's letter is more directly a movement intervention.
Sermons on the Song of Songs + Confessions
Augustine's restless heart and Bernard's wounded love both turn desire into the central problem of spiritual healing.
Sermons on the Song of Songs + The Bible
The sermons are a sustained example of medieval Christian allegory applied to the Song of Songs.
Sermons on the Song of Songs + Homilies on the Gospel of John
Augustine trains attention through signs; Bernard trains desire through lyrical images of absence and embrace.
Seven Pillars of Wisdom + The River War
Churchill's young officer celebrates the machinery of conquest on the Nile in the 1890s; Lawrence, a generation later, uses camels and dynamite for a native rising and records not triumph but shame at what empire asked of him.
Seven Pillars of Wisdom + The Persian Expedition
Xenophon also narrates himself in a march through hostile desert, leading irregular forces by persuasion; Lawrence, who knew the Anabasis, shares its interest in how a stranger becomes a commander but not its untroubled self-regard.
Seven Pillars of Wisdom + Heart of Darkness
Kurtz and Lawrence are both Europeans who go native in the service of empire; Conrad imagines moral collapse from outside through Marlow, while Lawrence narrates his own disintegration in the first person.
Seven Pillars of Wisdom + The Odyssey
Lawrence translated the Odyssey in 1932; both books feature a hero whose cunning, disguise and storytelling matter as much as strength, and whose homecoming brings no peace.
Seven Pillars of Wisdom + On War
Lawrence explicitly measured his guerrilla theory in Wadi Ais against Clausewitz and Foch, rejecting the doctrine of seeking the decisive battle for a war of dispersion and attrition of materials.
Seven Pillars of Wisdom + Testament of Youth
Brittain and Lawrence both write the First World War as a story of ruined idealism, one from the Western Front's hospitals and bereavement, the other from a sideshow that the public mistook for romance.
Sonnets + Sonnet 116
The library's separate record for Sonnet 116; this collection supplies the surrounding poems of estrangement (Sonnets 109 to 120) that give its definition of constant love an edge.
Sonnets + Holy Sonnet X: "Death, be not proud"
Donne's Holy Sonnet 10 ends with Death dying, as Shakespeare's Sonnet 146 does; one is a confident theological taunt, the other a private exhortation to the soul.
Sonnets + On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX)
Milton's Italian-form sonnet shows another seventeenth-century use of fourteen lines, turning from personal loss to patient service rather than from love to time.
Sonnets + Ozymandias
Shelley's sonnet treats the fall of monuments that Sonnets 55 and 64 also describe, but finds no verse able to save the king, only the sculptor's irony.
Sonnets + The Faerie Queene, Book I
Spenser, Shakespeare's contemporary, also wrote a sonnet sequence (Amoretti); his allegorical epic shows the same age's ideal of chaste and constant love on a larger canvas.
Sonnets + Romeo and Juliet
The play's Prologue and the lovers' first exchange are written as sonnets, showing Shakespeare using the same form on the stage in the mid-1590s.
Shane + The Last of the Mohicans
Cooper's Hawkeye is the American ancestor of Shane: a skilled frontier fighter who protects settlers but belongs to the wilderness and cannot join their settled life.
Shane + Little House on the Prairie
Both books follow a homesteading family in the West through a child's eyes; Wilder's Pa and Schaefer's Joe Starrett are strong fathers proving up a claim against hard odds.
Shane + Little Britches
Ralph Moody's memoir of a ranching boyhood in Colorado gives a true account of a boy learning to work and be a man from his father, as Bob learns from Joe and Shane.
Shane + The Iliad
The armed stranger who withdraws from fighting and returns to it out of loyalty echoes Achilles; both stories ask what a warrior owes to those he loves.
Shane + My Ántonia
Cather's narrator also looks back as an adult on a frontier childhood and on a figure who shaped his life, with a similar mixture of memory and admiration.
Saint Joan + The Trial of Joan of Arc
The trial records give Joan's own answers to her judges, from which Shaw took many of the play's lines and situations.
Saint Joan + The Last Days of Socrates
Shaw's preface pairs Joan with Socrates: each was tried by sincere fellow-citizens for following an inner voice and chose death over silence.
Saint Joan + The Brothers Karamazov
Ivan's Grand Inquisitor and Shaw's Inquisitor both argue that the Church must restrain free spirits for the good of ordinary souls, but Shaw's judge is merciful in intention and Dostoevsky's is a cynic.
Saint Joan + Henry V
Shakespeare dramatises the English victory at Agincourt in 1415; Shaw shows the same war fourteen years later from the French side, as Joan turns the tide.
Saint Joan + The Cost of Discipleship
Bonhoeffer's call to costly obedience, written before his own imprisonment, illuminates Joan's refusal to buy her life with a recantation.
Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon + Reves v. Ernst & Young
In Reves Stevens quoted his own McMahon opinion to argue that a settled construction of the securities laws should stand until Congress changes it.
Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon + Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder
Hochfelder narrowed what investors must prove under Section 10(b); McMahon changed where they must prove it, moving many such claims from courts to arbitration.
Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon + Basic Inc. v. Levinson
Decided the following year, Basic eased class plaintiffs' proof of reliance in court, while McMahon sent individual customers' claims against brokers to arbitration.
Shearson/American Express Inc. v. McMahon + Democracy in America
Tocqueville's praise of the jury and of the American habit of bringing disputes to courts offers a background for the dissenters' preference for a judicial forum.
Memoirs + Personal Memoirs
Grant's memoir covers the same campaigns from Shiloh to Chattanooga with cool understatement, while Sherman's is argumentative and documentary; reading them together shows two friends quietly correcting each other's accounts of Shiloh's surprise and the Vicksburg plan.
Memoirs + The Conquest of Gaul
Caesar and Sherman both write campaign narrative to shape their reputations while ostensibly reporting, and both justify devastation of a hostile countryside; Caesar's third-person detachment contrasts with Sherman's first-person quarrelling.
Memoirs + On War
Clausewitz's claim that war aims at the enemy's will finds a practical American expression in Sherman's letter to Halleck, which treats the Southern population's resolve as the real target of operations.
Memoirs + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Thucydides' Melian Dialogue and Sherman's Memphis letters both state, without apology, the logic by which a stronger power assigns the suffering of war to those who resisted it.
Memoirs + The Complete Poems
Whitman's Drum-Taps and his hospital poems show the wounded of the same war from the ward rather than headquarters, a useful corrective to Sherman's staff-level view of the cost of battle.
Memoirs + The River War
Churchill's account of Kitchener's Nile campaign shares Sherman's fascination with rail lines and river supply as the true instruments of conquest.
Siddhartha: An Indian Tale + The Bhagavad Gita
Both explore liberation from the cycle of desire; the Gita teaches action without attachment, while Siddhartha learns by passing through attachment.
Siddhartha: An Indian Tale + Confessions
Augustine and Siddhartha both pass through sensual and worldly lives before conversion, but Augustine finds grace through doctrine while Siddhartha rejects teachers.
Siddhartha: An Indian Tale + Meditations
Marcus's image of time as a river and his acceptance of change parallel the river teaching of Vasudeva.
Siddhartha: An Indian Tale + Fragments
Heraclitus' river, in which one cannot step twice, and his unity of opposites anticipate Siddhartha's final vision.
Siddhartha: An Indian Tale + On the Road
The Beat writers embraced both Eastern spirituality and Hesse; both books follow seekers through sensual excess toward enlightenment of a sort.
Silas Marner + Great Expectations
Dickens's novel of the same year also turns on hidden parentage and secret money, and on the gap between a natural and a loving father.
Silas Marner + A Christmas Carol
Both stories redeem a solitary miser at the turn of the year, Scrooge through spirits and Silas through a child.
Silas Marner + The Pilgrim's Progress
Eliot's image of angels leading men from the city of destruction recalls Bunyan's pilgrim, though the guide here is a little child.
Silas Marner + The Scarlet Letter
Both novels concern a concealed parent whose silence wounds himself and his child, with Godfrey as a milder figure than Dimmesdale.
Silas Marner + Middlemarch
George Eliot's larger novel of provincial life (1871-72) widens Silas Marner's village into a whole town, following Dorothea Brooke and the doctor Lydgate through vocation, marriage and duty.
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God and A Faithful Narrative + Selected Sermons
Whitefield dramatizes evangelical urgency as an itinerant performer, while Edwards analyzes revival with colder theological precision.
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God and A Faithful Narrative + Homilies on the Statues
Both Chrysostom and Edwards use fear, but Chrysostom addresses civic danger and Edwards addresses eternal judgment.
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God and A Faithful Narrative + Sermons on Several Occasions and Primitive Physick
Wesley shares revival concerns but links spiritual discipline more openly with practical medicine and bodily care.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight + The Lais of Marie de France
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight can be compared with the-lais-of-marie-de-france to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight + The Song of Roland
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight can be compared with the-song-of-roland to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Sixty Stories + The New York Trilogy
Both are New York postmodernisms that turn genre conventions into metaphysical puzzles about identity and language.
Sixty Stories + The Portable Dorothy Parker
Two great New Yorker ironists, separated by forty years: Parker's barbed realism and Barthelme's surreal deadpan both hide melancholy under wit.
Sixty Stories + Gulliver's Travels
Barthelme's absurd premises, like Swift's, satirize institutions by literalizing their logic.
Sixty Stories + Selected Short Stories
Maupassant's tightly plotted tales offer the classical model of the short story that Barthelme's fragments deliberately dismantle.
Slaughter-House Cases + Dred Scott v. Sandford
Miller says the Fourteenth Amendment's first sentence overturns the Dred Scott decision, then builds his reading on its distinction between national and state citizenship.
Slaughter-House Cases + Barron v. Baltimore
By limiting the Privileges or Immunities Clause to rights of national citizenship, the majority left in place much of Barron's rule that the Bill of Rights did not bind the states.
Slaughter-House Cases + Lochner v. New York
Lochner protected freedom of contract under the Due Process Clause, developing the liberty to pursue a calling that Field and Bradley had defended in 1873.
Slaughter-House Cases + Plessy v. Ferguson
Both cases read the Fourteenth Amendment in ways that limited federal oversight of state legislation, and both drew dissents that later became influential.
Slaughter-House Cases + The Founding Documents
The Fourteenth Amendment's phrase about privileges or immunities echoes the Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV, a comparison central to Miller's reasoning.
Slaughter-House Cases + Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
Field distinguishes public franchises such as bridges and ferries from a monopoly on an ordinary trade, recalling the debate over exclusive grants decided in 1837.
The Gulag Archipelago + One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
The novella shows a single day of one prisoner's life in a special camp; the Archipelago gives the history and full extent of the system that Ivan Denisovich's day represents.
The Gulag Archipelago + The Origins of Totalitarianism
Arendt analyzes the camp as the central institution of totalitarian rule from the outside; Solzhenitsyn describes it from within, through the testimony of its prisoners.
The Gulag Archipelago + Man's Search for Meaning
Frankl and Solzhenitsyn both describe how prisoners could preserve inner freedom in camps designed to destroy it, and both found meaning in the experience without praising the suffering.
The Gulag Archipelago + The Hiding Place
Corrie ten Boom's memoir of Ravensbrück is another Christian witness to imprisonment, faith and the struggle to forgive one's captors.
The Gulag Archipelago + The Brothers Karamazov
Solzhenitsyn's conviction that each person bears responsibility for evil echoes Dostoevsky's Father Zosima, who teaches that each of us is responsible for all.
The Gulag Archipelago + Letters and Papers from Prison
Bonhoeffer's letters from a Nazi prison offer a parallel record of Christian faith and reflection under a totalitarian state.
Sonnet 116 + On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX)
Milton's Petrarchan sonnet turns at line 8 to patient waiting; Shakespeare's English sonnet holds its turn for line 9 and closes with a couplet wager. Both define a virtue by what endures when circumstance fails.
Sonnet 116 + Ozymandias
Shelley shows Time levelling a king's boast in the desert sand; Shakespeare grants Time the lips and cheeks but denies it power over love. Two sonnets on what survives Time's sweep, with opposite verdicts.
Sonnet 116 + Holy Sonnet X: "Death, be not proud"
Donne defies Death directly and ends by declaring that Death shall die; Shakespeare defies Time and ends with a wager on his own writing. Both sonnets argue rather than lament.
Sonnet 116 + Ode on a Grecian Urn
Keats's lovers are kept forever young by being frozen in marble, never reaching their kiss; Shakespeare's love survives precisely by passing through change and age without altering.
Sonnet 116 + Sonnets
Sonnet 116 is one of the 154 sonnets of the 1609 quarto, printed in the library in full; read in sequence it sits among the poems addressed to a young man, where its vow that love does not alter answers neighbouring sonnets about time, absence and fault.
A Theologico-Political Treatise + Ethics
The Ethics sets out the metaphysics, God or Nature acting by necessity, that underlies the Treatise's account of miracles, prophecy and the divine law; the Treatise presents these conclusions to a wider audience in the language of Scripture.
A Theologico-Political Treatise + Leviathan
Hobbes also grounds the state in a transfer of natural right and discusses Scripture, prophecy and miracles at length; Spinoza differs in preferring democracy and in holding that the right to think and judge cannot be surrendered.
A Theologico-Political Treatise + Areopagitica
Milton's appeal against licensing the press (1644) defends free inquiry from a Puritan Protestant standpoint; Spinoza's Chapter XX defends freedom of speech as necessary for the peace and safety of the state.
A Theologico-Political Treatise + A Letter Concerning Toleration
Locke's Letter (1689), written in exile in the Dutch Republic, distinguishes the business of civil government from that of religion; Spinoza instead gives the sovereign authority over outward worship while leaving thought free.
A Theologico-Political Treatise + Pensees
Pascal's Pensées, published the same year, defends the reasonableness of Christian faith, the evidence of prophecy and miracles, and the limits of reason, offering a sharply different seventeenth-century answer to the questions Spinoza raises.
Selected Sermons + Lectures on Revivals of Religion
Finney treats revival as something that can be promoted by proper means; Spurgeon stresses proclamation, grace, and pastoral consolation.
Selected Sermons + Selected Sermons
Moody shares Spurgeon's popular evangelical reach, but his style is plainer and more campaign-oriented.
Selected Sermons + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Burton anatomizes melancholy as scholar-physician; Spurgeon consoles despondency from within evangelical preaching.
The St Crispin's Day Speech + Mark Antony's Funeral Oration ("Friends, Romans, countrymen")
Both are Shakespearean set-piece orations, but Henry rallies loyal men openly toward a shared danger, while Antony turns a crowd by irony and indirection.
The St Crispin's Day Speech + Speech to the Troops at Tilbury
Elizabeth I addressed her troops before the Armada threat of 1588 with the same claim of a ruler sharing her soldiers' danger, a decade before Shakespeare wrote Henry's speech.
The St Crispin's Day Speech + Pericles' Funeral Oration
Pericles honours the dead after the fact and makes their city their memorial, while Henry promises the living a remembrance kept alive at every year's feast.
The St Crispin's Day Speech + Lepanto
Chesterton's Don John and Shakespeare's Henry are both young commanders who meet a great host with a call to glory and faith.
St. Dymphna and the Geel Colony + The Golden Legend: Popular Saints
Both entries show how medieval saint stories turn bodily peril into patronage, but Dymphna's importance lies less in iconography than in the social institution that gathered around her shrine.
St. Dymphna and the Geel Colony + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Burton catalogs melancholy through learned medicine and theology; Geel shows a lay devotional community handling mental affliction through household placement and routine.
St. Dymphna and the Geel Colony + Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind
Rush belongs to asylum-era medical reform, while Geel offered an older counterexample in which some sufferers lived dispersed among families rather than confined as patients.
St. Dymphna and the Geel Colony + The Varieties of Religious Experience
James helps frame the psychological force of religious experience, but Dymphna's cult reminds readers that devotion can become an actual care infrastructure, not only an inward state.
St. Dymphna and the Geel Colony + St. Patrick's Writings
Patrick's own writings preserve a rare early voice from Ireland; Dymphna's supposed Irishness is legendary and must be separated from the documented Geel cult.
St. Patrick's Writings + Confessions
Augustine and Patrick both use confession to interpret a life before God, but Augustine writes a philosophically shaped autobiography while Patrick writes a defensive missionary apologia.
St. Patrick's Writings + Early Christian Lives
Jerome and Athanasius construct saintly lives from outside; Patrick's Confessio is rarer because the missionary saint speaks in his own rough self-defense.
St. Patrick's Writings + The History of the Church
Eusebius narrates Christianity from imperial and episcopal vantage points, whereas Patrick's texts reveal frontier conversion through captivity, poverty, and local violence.
St. Patrick's Writings + The Varieties of Religious Experience
James offers a modern psychological vocabulary for conversion and voices; Patrick shows a premodern writer using dreams and calls as public evidence of vocation.
St. Patrick's Writings + The Bible
Patrick saturates his defense with Pauline and prophetic language, making his life legible through scripture rather than through secular biography.
St. Patrick's Writings + The Rule of St Benedict
Benedict imagines stable monastic discipline, while Patrick's writings belong to mission, captivity, movement, and improvised frontier authority.
St. Thomas Becket and the Canterbury Miracles + The Golden Legend: Popular Saints
The earlier saints entry includes Becket as a popular martyr; this standalone entry follows the medical afterlife of the shrine and its miracle records.
St. Thomas Becket and the Canterbury Miracles + The Trial of Joan of Arc
Joan and Becket both turn legal-political conflict into sanctity, but Becket's cult is especially useful for studying posthumous healing claims.
St. Thomas Becket and the Canterbury Miracles + Life of St. Martin
Martin heals through personal presence while alive; Becket heals posthumously through relics, water, shrine contact, and recorded testimony.
St. Thomas Becket and the Canterbury Miracles + The Varieties of Religious Experience
James helps readers ask what religious healing does psychologically, but the Canterbury collections also demand social and institutional analysis.
St. Thomas Becket and the Canterbury Miracles + The Canterbury Tales (Geoffrey Chaucer)
Chaucer's pilgrims travel to Becket's shrine in a comic literary frame; Benedict and William show the older healing cult that made such journeys matter.
St. Vitus and the Dancing Mania + The Golden Legend: Popular Saints
The Golden Legend entry shows how saint patronage becomes memorable through images and feast stories; Vitus shows what happens when patronage becomes attached to epidemic movement and later medical naming.
St. Vitus and the Dancing Mania + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Burton's encyclopedic medicine of mind helps frame early modern categories of imagination, melancholy, and religious fear beside Hecker's later theory of morbid sympathy.
St. Vitus and the Dancing Mania + The Varieties of Religious Experience
James offers a modern lens for contagious religious excitement, but Hecker's dancers require attention to civic management, shrine pilgrimage, and bodily movement as well as belief.
St. Vitus and the Dancing Mania + Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind
Rush's asylum-era categories clarify how later physicians tried to discipline mental and bodily disturbance, while dancing mania still sits between crowd behavior and neurologic symptom.
St. Vitus and the Dancing Mania + Hippocratic Writings
The Hippocratic tradition's attention to epidemic setting and bodily signs contrasts with medieval explanations through saints, demons, music, and ritual time.
Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States + Munn v. Illinois
Munn upheld state control of prices charged by a few firms dominating the grain trade; Standard Oil applied a federal statute to a combination dominating the oil trade.
Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States + The Wealth of Nations
Smith's criticism of monopolies and of merchants' combinations to raise prices belongs to the tradition of law and thought that White surveys.
Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States + Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
White, a dissenter in Pollock in 1895, wrote for the Court here as Chief Justice, and in both cases weighed long-settled readings of key constitutional and statutory terms.
Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States + A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
In 1935 the Court struck down industry codes of fair competition under the National Industrial Recovery Act, a very different federal approach to regulating competition.
Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States + Gibbons v. Ogden
Marshall's broad reading of the commerce power in 1824 underlies Congress's authority to forbid restraints of interstate trade.
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman + Don Quixote
Sterne repeatedly invokes Cervantes; Toby and Trim with their miniature sieges recall the knight and his squire, and the hobby-horse is a gentle English cousin of Quixote's chivalric madness.
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman + Gargantua and Pantagruel
Rabelais is Sterne's model for learned bawdy comedy, mock scholarship and lists; Slawkenbergius's tale and the Visitation dinner of doctors are Rabelaisian set pieces.
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman + An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
The book's first chapters turn Locke's association of ideas into a comic principle, and Walter's lecture on duration in Volume III borrows Locke's account of the succession of ideas.
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman + The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling
Published a decade apart, Tom Jones displays the carefully built plot of the early English novel while Tristram Shandy takes that structure apart from the inside.
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman + Gulliver's Travels
Swift's satire on projectors and learned men in the voyage to Laputa parallels Walter's systems; Sterne names Swift's Tale of a Tub among the books he hopes to outlast.
The Story of a Soul + The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus
Thérèse belonged to the Carmelite reform that Teresa of Avila began, and both wrote their lives at their superiors' command; Teresa describes visions and a great reform, Thérèse a way of littleness open to anyone.
The Story of a Soul + Confessions
Augustine and Thérèse both tell their lives as prayer and praise, recalling childhood faults with great seriousness and tracing grace through ordinary events.
The Story of a Soul + The Practice of the Presence of God
Brother Lawrence, like Thérèse, finds holiness in small tasks done for love of God rather than in extraordinary penances.
The Story of a Soul + The Story of My Boyhood and Youth
Muir and Thérèse both recall nineteenth-century childhoods with devout parents and find God's hand in flowers; Muir studies them as a botanist, Thérèse takes them as an image of souls.
The Story of a Soul + The Golden Legend: Popular Saints
The medieval Golden Legend tells of saints known for miracles and martyrdom; Thérèse sets beside them a saint whose greatness lies in small hidden acts.
Sts. Cosmas and Damian: Physician Saints + Galen: Selected Works
Galen represents learned anatomy, prognosis, and therapeutics; Cosmas and Damian show medicine reframed as charity, miracle, and professional patronage.
Sts. Cosmas and Damian: Physician Saints + Hippocratic Writings
The Hippocratic corpus gives medicine an ethical and observational foundation, while the unmercenary saints give healers a sacred model of no-fee service.
Sts. Cosmas and Damian: Physician Saints + The Golden Legend: Popular Saints
The popular-saints entry shows patronage in broad form; Cosmas and Damian concentrate that mechanism on physicians, surgeons, shrines, and instruments.
Sts. Cosmas and Damian: Physician Saints + Sermons on Several Occasions and Primitive Physick
Wesley's practical remedies and religious exhortation echo the desire to make healing accessible, though he writes as a Protestant compiler rather than a hagiographer.
Sts. Cosmas and Damian: Physician Saints + Frankenstein
Shelley's anatomy rooms and animation anxiety make a modern counterpoint to the black-leg miracle, where bodily replacement is sanctified rather than horrifying.
Sts. Roch and Sebastian: Plague Saints + The Golden Legend: Popular Saints
The earlier Golden Legend entry explains the mechanics of popular patronage; Roch and Sebastian narrow that mechanism to epidemic fear, visual diagnosis, and civic plague ritual.
Sts. Roch and Sebastian: Plague Saints + Early Franciscan Sources
Roch's pilgrim poverty and possible Franciscan associations echo mendicant ideals, but plague caregiving rather than voluntary poverty is the center of this entry.
Sts. Roch and Sebastian: Plague Saints + Sermons on Several Occasions and Primitive Physick
Wesley joins practical remedies to religious exhortation in the eighteenth century; plague saints show an earlier blend of bodily crisis, devotion, and communal care.
Sts. Roch and Sebastian: Plague Saints + The Decameron (Giovanni Boccaccio)
Boccaccio's plague frame emphasizes flight, social breakdown, and storytelling, while Roch and Sebastian show urban devotion trying to hold frightened communities together.
Sts. Roch and Sebastian: Plague Saints + A Journal of the Plague Year (Daniel Defoe)
Defoe's London watches bills, quarantine, rumor, and commerce; plague-saint traditions reveal an older iconographic and intercessory grammar for similar civic fear.
Sts. Roch and Sebastian: Plague Saints + The Plague (Albert Camus)
Camus secularizes epidemic ethics around duty and solidarity, while Roch keeps the infected caregiver inside a specifically devotional world.
Stuart Little + Charlotte's Web
White's second children's book shares Garth Williams's drawings and a tender talking-animal friendship, but trades Stuart's open-ended road story for the closed circle of a barn year and a resolved ending.
Stuart Little + The Trumpet of the Swan
White's last children's book is another journey of a creature with a handicap of nature, the voiceless swan Louis, who like Stuart makes his way in the human world through skill and persistence.
Stuart Little + The Borrowers
Both imagine tiny people in a full-size house and draw comedy and danger from drains, cats and furniture; Norton's Clocks hide from humans, while Stuart is a son of the family.
Stuart Little + The Cricket in Times Square
Two New York stories about a very small creature in a big city, a cat included; Selden's cricket ends by going home to Connecticut, while Stuart leaves the city and keeps going.
Stuart Little + The Wind in the Willows
Toad's passion for motorcars and the open road, and Rat's boating on the river, are the English ancestors of Stuart's model schooner, his little car and his ill-fated canoe.
Studies on Hysteria + Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System
Studies on Hysteria pairs with this work because Charcot supplies the neurological clinic behind later hysteria and dynamic psychiatry.
Studies on Hysteria + The Major Symptoms of Hysteria
Studies on Hysteria pairs with this work because Janet provides a dissociation-centered alternative for hysteria and traumatic memory.
Studies on Hysteria + The Interpretation of Dreams
Studies on Hysteria pairs with this work because Freud makes dreams and unconscious meaning central to psychological explanation.
Studies on Hysteria + The Varieties of Religious Experience
Studies on Hysteria pairs with this work because James studies altered states, conversion, melancholy, and religious experience with psychological tact.
Studies on Hysteria + Man's Search for Meaning
Frankl's logotherapy, the "Third Viennese School", answers the Viennese psychoanalytic tradition begun here by placing a will to meaning, rather than repressed memory and affect, at the center of the psyche.
Summa Theologica + The Nicomachean Ethics
The Second Part of the Summa rebuilds Aristotle's ethics of happiness, habit and virtue inside a Christian framework, adding infused theological virtues and a last end in the vision of God that Aristotle never imagined.
Summa Theologica + City of God
Augustine is the Summa's most quoted authority; Aquinas systematises Augustine's scattered teaching on evil as privation, providence and grace while replacing much of his Platonism with Aristotle.
Summa Theologica + Meditations on First Philosophy
Descartes, trained by Jesuit Thomists, broke with the Summa's view of the soul as the form of the body and made mind and body two substances, a choice whose consequences for medicine and psychology are still debated.
Summa Theologica + Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
Hume's Philo attacks the argument from design and causal regress, the reasoning behind Aquinas's second and fifth ways; reading the two shows what changed when natural theology lost its Aristotelian physics.
Summa Theologica + The Consolation of Philosophy
Boethius's account of eternity as the simultaneous possession of endless life, and his reconciling of providence with free will, are adopted directly in the Summa's questions on God's eternity and knowledge.
Summa Theologica + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Burton cites the scholastics on the passions, demons and despair; his humoral account of melancholy shares Aquinas's assumption that bodily humours affect imagination without determining the will.
Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life + Confessions
Augustine's Confessions is the great model of a conversion narrative; both men trace a restless longing that finds rest only in God, and both describe a reluctant final surrender.
Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life + Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners
Bunyan's conversion comes through terror of sin and the promises of Scripture, Lewis's through longing and reasoned argument; together they show two very different roads to faith in the English tradition.
Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life + Mere Christianity
The argument from desire in Mere Christianity, that a longing no earthly thing satisfies suggests we were made for another world, is the conclusion Lewis lived through in Surprised by Joy.
Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life + The Screwtape Letters
Screwtape's strategies of distraction and of turning the patient's attention from argument to ordinary life mirror the obstacles Lewis describes in his own path to belief.
Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life + Apologia Pro Vita Sua
Newman, another Oxford don, also wrote the history of his religious opinions; his is a defence before the public, Lewis's a story of desire and reasoning.
Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life + Testament of Youth
Brittain's memoir of the First World War generation describes the same war Lewis served in, but places the loss at the center where Lewis keeps the war at a deliberate distance.
Sweatt v. Painter + Plessy v. Ferguson
Texas defended its separate law school under the 1896 rule, and Vinson declined either to apply it or to reexamine it, deciding instead that the two schools were not in fact equal.
Sweatt v. Painter + Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Warren's 1954 opinion quoted Sweatt's attention to qualities incapable of objective measurement and carried that reasoning from law schools to public elementary and high schools.
Sweatt v. Painter + Everson v. Board of Education
Decided three years earlier, Everson also turned on how far the Fourteenth Amendment limits a state's choices about schooling, there in transporting parochial pupils rather than in admitting graduate students.
Sweatt v. Painter + Democracy in America
Tocqueville described lawyers as a kind of American aristocracy formed by their training, which helps explain why the justices treated access to an elite law school as access to public life.
The Histories + The Annals of Imperial Rome
The Annals, written later, goes back to AD 14 and covers the Julio-Claudians; together the two works formed Tacitus's continuous history of the principate, and the Histories picks up where Nero's death leaves the Annals.
The Histories + The Agricola and the Germania
Calgacus's speech in the Agricola and Civilis's in Histories IV both give Rome's enemies eloquent speeches against Roman rule, and the Germania supplies the ethnographic background for the Batavi, Bructeri and Veleda.
The Histories + The Twelve Caesars
Suetonius's Lives of Galba, Otho, Vitellius and Vespasian cover the same months by anecdote and personal detail rather than continuous narrative; the two accounts of the Alexandrian healings can be read side by side.
The Histories + The Jewish War
Josephus, who knew Vespasian and Titus personally and was present at the siege, gives a Jewish and eyewitness account of the war that Tacitus opens in Book V, with far fuller knowledge of Jewish religion and politics.
The Histories + Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans
Plutarch wrote Lives of Galba and Otho drawing on a common source with Tacitus, so parallel episodes such as Otho's death show how two ancient writers shaped shared material.
The Histories + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Thucydides's account of civil strife at Corcyra is the classical model for the moral collapse Tacitus traces in Italy, where words change meaning and kin turn on kin.
Tales from Shakespeare + King Lear
Charles Lamb's tale keeps the storm, the madness and Cordelia's death but shrinks the Gloucester subplot to a few late sentences about his son Edmund, so reading the play afterward shows how fully Shakespeare doubled his story of a deceived father.
Tales from Shakespeare + A Midsummer Night's Dream
Mary Lamb leaves out the workmen's play of Pyramus and Thisbe almost entirely, keeping only Bottom as a nameless clown, and borrows Puck's closing apology for her own last paragraph.
Tales from Shakespeare + The Merchant of Venice
The tale turns Portia's verse speech on the quality of mercy into reported prose, a clear example of the preface's admission that the comedies were hardest to bring into narrative.
Tales from Shakespeare + Macbeth
The tale preserves the voice crying sleep no more almost word for word, so it is a natural first step toward reading the play's murder scene in Act 2.
Tales from Shakespeare + Romeo and Juliet
Charles Lamb ends with the fathers promising golden statues of each other's children, the same closing image as the play's last scene.
Tales from Shakespeare + The Story of King Arthur and His Knights
Howard Pyle, like the Lambs, retold an older body of English story for young readers in a deliberately antique style, aiming to lead them on to the originals.
Tanglewood Tales + Metamorphoses
Ovid tells the rape of Proserpina, Cadmus and the dragon's teeth, and Medea's magic for grown readers; Hawthorne takes the same stories and removes their violence and passion so that children can hear them.
Tanglewood Tales + The Odyssey
Homer's Book X is the source of Circe's Palace; Hawthorne keeps Hermes' protective herb as Quicksilver's snow-white flower and adds the woodpecker King Picus from Roman legend.
Tanglewood Tales + Tales from Shakespeare
Charles and Mary Lamb retold Shakespeare for children in prose a generation earlier; both books open grown-up classics to young readers while keeping some of the original language and wonder.
Tanglewood Tales + Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad
Rosemary Sutcliff's retelling of the Iliad keeps the grimness of war, while Hawthorne deliberately softens his myths, so the two show very different ideas of what children should hear.
Tanglewood Tales + The Scarlet Letter
Both books open with Hawthorne himself at home introducing the tale, the Custom-House in Salem in one and the snowy Wayside in Concord in the other.
Tanglewood Tales + A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys
A Wonder-Book (1851) is the first of Hawthorne's two Greek myth collections, with Perseus, Midas, Pandora, the golden apples, Baucis and Philemon, and Bellerophon told by the student Eustace Bright; Tanglewood Tales (1853) continues the same plan with new myths.
Religion and the Rise of Capitalism + The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
Weber argues that the Calvinist ethic of worldly asceticism helped form the spirit of capitalism; Tawney accepts part of this but stresses economic causes, the variety within Puritanism and the long survival of medieval teaching.
Religion and the Rise of Capitalism + Institutes of the Christian Religion
Calvin's teaching in Book III on the use of the present life and its goods underlies the Genevan discipline Tawney describes, which accepted commerce but placed it under strict moral oversight.
Religion and the Rise of Capitalism + Selected Sermons and Reformation Treatises
Luther's writings on trade and usury, and his treatise on Christian liberty, are Tawney's sources for the reformer's conservative economic outlook and his separation of inner faith from social works.
Religion and the Rise of Capitalism + Summa Theologica
Aquinas's questions on fraud in buying and selling and on usury (II-II, qq. 77-78) are the classic statement of the medieval economic ethic with which Tawney's story begins.
Religion and the Rise of Capitalism + The Wealth of Nations
Smith's account of self-interest guided to the public good marks the destination of the change Tawney traces, a view of the economy as a natural system that no longer needs the casuistry of divines.
Religion and the Rise of Capitalism + Rerum Novarum
Leo XIII's encyclical of 1891 renewed the medieval tradition of moral teaching on wages, property and labour that Tawney describes, from the Catholic side.
Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address) + Inaugural Address
Reagan opens by recalling Kennedy's 1963 visit to Berlin; Kennedy's inaugural had pledged to pay any price for the survival of liberty, and Reagan's address, a generation later, presses that same Cold War commitment at the wall itself.
Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address) + House Divided Speech
Lincoln argued that a nation could not endure half slave and half free; Reagan stands at the line dividing a city and a continent and argues that freedom and its denial cannot share Europe forever.
Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address) + Address to the Nation on the Challenger Disaster
Both are Reagan speeches remembered for a single phrase, but the Challenger address consoles a grieving nation from the Oval Office while the Berlin address challenges a rival power in the open air.
Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address) + Alone in Berlin
Fallada's novel shows ordinary Berliners quietly resisting the Nazi state with handwritten cards; Reagan, in the same city under a later dictatorship next door, reads aloud a young Berliner's spray-painted words that the wall will fall.
Ulysses + The Odyssey
Homer's Odysseus longs for home and fights to reach Ithaca; Tennyson's, having reached it, longs to leave, building on Tiresias's prophecy in Book XI.
Ulysses + The Divine Comedy
In Inferno XXVI Ulysses urges his old crew to pursue virtue and knowledge beyond the world's edge and drowns; Tennyson borrows the speech but leaves its outcome open.
Ulysses + My Last Duchess
Browning's duke, like Tennyson's king, reveals himself through a single dramatic monologue; the two poems of the 1830s and 1840s helped define the form.
Ulysses + On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX)
Milton's sonnet finds service in patient waiting when action is denied; Ulysses refuses to wait and seeks service in action to the end.
Testament of Youth + The Iliad
Both mourn young men destroyed by war; Homer's laments of Andromache and Hecuba are the ancestors of Brittain's women's-eye view of slaughter.
Testament of Youth + The Waves
Woolf's elegy for her brother Thoby and the absent Percival echoes the lost young men of Brittain's circle; both are women's meditations on a generation's deaths.
Testament of Youth + Heart of Darkness
Both books show idealistic language collapsing under the realities it was meant to justify, the 'civilizing mission' in one and the 'glorious sacrifice' in the other.
Testament of Youth + The Complete Poems
Whitman's Civil War hospital poems in Drum-Taps, especially 'The Wound-Dresser', are the closest literary precedent for Brittain's nursing chapters.
Testament of Youth + Good-Bye to All That (Robert Graves)
A contemporary soldier's war memoir; reading them together contrasts trench and hospital perspectives.
That Hideous Strength + The Screwtape Letters
Both show damnation working through small, ordinary steps: Screwtape's patient and Mark Studdock are each moved by vanity and the wish to be thought sophisticated rather than by any great crime.
That Hideous Strength + Le Morte d'Arthur
Lewis's Merlin, the title of Pendragon, and the idea of Logres all come from the Arthurian tradition Malory gathered; the novel imagines that tradition still alive in modern England.
That Hideous Strength + Frankenstein
Filostrato's Head, a dead man's skull kept alive by tubes and pumps, revives Shelley's question of what follows when science seeks to overrule death.
That Hideous Strength + Animal Farm
Orwell reviewed That Hideous Strength in 1945, the year of Animal Farm; both books show how propaganda rewrites events, as Mark's reports of the Edgestow riot are written before it happens.
That Hideous Strength + On Fairy-Stories
Lewis calls the novel a fairy-tale for grown-ups and cites Tolkien's Numinor in the preface; Tolkien's essay gives the theory of escape and eucatastrophe that the banquet and the reunion at St Anne's put into practice.
That Hideous Strength + Till We Have Faces
Jane Studdock and Orual both resist a divine claim on them because they fear being possessed, and both find that surrender is the way to becoming fully themselves.
The Adventures of Pinocchio + The Velveteen Rabbit
Both stories are about a toy that longs to be real. Margery Williams's rabbit becomes Real through being loved, while Collodi's marionette becomes a boy only after he learns to love and work for others.
The Adventures of Pinocchio + The Pilgrim's Progress
The Land of Toys plays the part of Bunyan's Vanity Fair and By-path Meadow, and the Fox and the Cat are Pinocchio's Flatterers; both books are journeys of repeated temptation, rescue, and arrival.
The Adventures of Pinocchio + The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Two journey fairy tales of the late nineteenth century in which a child meets talking animals and humbug; Dorothy wants to get home, Pinocchio must learn to make a home for his father.
The Adventures of Pinocchio + The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Twain's Tom and Collodi's puppet are both truants who love play and showing off, but Tom's mischief is treated as charming boyhood while Pinocchio's has to be outgrown.
The Adventures of Pinocchio + Confessions
Augustine's account of putting off conversion with the words not yet mirrors Pinocchio's repeated promise to start being good tomorrow; both describe a will divided against itself.
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes + The Hound of the Baskervilles
The Hound stretches the method of the Adventures to novel length and brings back the country-house menace of The Speckled Band and The Copper Beeches, with a legend in place of a snake.
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes + The Innocence of Father Brown
Chesterton's priest solves crimes by understanding the sinner from within rather than by reading ash and footprints; reading the two together sets Holmes's scientific observation beside Brown's moral insight.
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes + Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
Neville St. Clair's double life as Hugh Boone and Stevenson's respectable doctor with a hidden self are both late Victorian London stories about a gentleman who lives a second, disguised life.
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes + A Christmas Carol
The Blue Carbuncle is Doyle's Christmas story: a goose, a poor family man, and Holmes's decision that the season calls for forgiveness, in the tradition Dickens made popular.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer + Treasure Island
Both are treasure-hunting adventures with boy heroes and memorable villains, published within a decade of each other; Stevenson's is a sea romance, Twain's a comic small-town idyll.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer + Little Women
Contemporary American childhood classics with opposite moral temperaments: Alcott's lessons in self-improvement versus Twain's celebration of mischief.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer + David Copperfield
Both mine the author's own childhood, but Dickens's hardship and Twain's nostalgic comedy create very different pictures of growing up.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer + The Secret Garden
Children escaping adult control to secret places, an island and a garden, where they gain health and independence.
The Aeneid + The Iliad
Virgil rewrites Homeric war through Roman destiny, especially in the second half’s Italian Iliad.
The Aeneid + The Odyssey
The first half adapts wandering, storms and hospitality into a Trojan-Roman Odyssey.
The Aeneid + The Bhagavad Gita
Aeneas and Arjuna both confront violence demanded by duty, though their religious worlds differ.
The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives + The Fall of the Roman Republic: Six Lives
The Roman Lives were written as pairs to these Greek ones; Alexander's parallel is Caesar, whose life appears in the Roman volume.
The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives + Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII
Plato's Seventh Letter gives his own account of the Sicilian episodes that Plutarch narrates in the Life of Dion.
The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives + The Histories
Herodotus describes the Persian Empire at its height; Plutarch's Alexander describes its conquest a century and a half later.
The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives + The Twelve Caesars
Suetonius's imperial biographies share Plutarch's taste for revealing anecdote but are less moralizing and more gossipy.
The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives + Frankenstein
The creature educates himself partly by reading Plutarch's Lives, which shape his ideas of virtue and heroism.
The Agricola and the Germania + Heart of Darkness
Marlow begins by imagining Roman soldiers arriving in barbarous Britain; Tacitus' Agricola is the Roman side of that scene, and Calgacus' speech anticipates Conrad's critique of empire.
The Agricola and the Germania + The Histories
Herodotus founded the ethnographic description of foreign peoples that Tacitus develops in the Germania.
The Agricola and the Germania + The Twelve Caesars
Suetonius's Life of Domitian gives the biographer's version of the tyranny Tacitus laments.
The Agricola and the Germania + The Nibelungenlied
The medieval German epic draws on the world of migration-era Germanic peoples whom Tacitus describes in their earlier form.
The Agricola and the Germania + Two Lives of Charlemagne
Einhard modelled his biography of Charlemagne on Suetonius but, like Tacitus, wrote a eulogistic life of a great man.
The Anatomy of Melancholy + Essays
Montaigne and Burton both write learned, digressive, self-revealing prose stuffed with classical quotation; Montaigne explores himself through essays of mood and opinion, Burton through the pretence of a systematic medical treatise that keeps bursting its frame.
The Anatomy of Melancholy + Hippocratic Writings
The Hippocratic theory of four humours, including black bile, underlies Burton's whole classification, and the pseudo-Hippocratic letter about Democritus dissecting animals supplies his persona.
The Anatomy of Melancholy + Galen: Selected Works
Galen's six non-natural things (air, food, exercise, sleep, evacuation, passions) organise Burton's Second Partition on cure, and his account of melancholic temperament is quoted throughout.
The Anatomy of Melancholy + The Consolation of Philosophy
Burton's Consolatory Digression belongs to the tradition Boethius founded, answering misfortune with philosophical argument, but adds scripture, jokes and a physician's attention to the body.
The Anatomy of Melancholy + The Sickness Unto Death
Burton's section on religious despair treats it as a disease with physical and spiritual causes; Kierkegaard two centuries later makes despair the defining condition of a self that does not rest in God, removing it from medicine entirely.
The Anatomy of Melancholy + The Principles of Psychology
William James's chapters on habit, emotion and the will are a later, experimental attempt to systematise the same territory Burton covered by compiling authorities.
The Anatomy of Melancholy + Novum Organum
Bacon published his program for a new science built on observation in 1620, a year before the Anatomy, whose method of piling up ancient authorities represents exactly what Bacon hoped to replace.
The Annals of Imperial Rome + The Agricola and the Germania
Tacitus’ shorter works introduce the moral contrast between Roman corruption and provincial or barbarian virtue.
The Annals of Imperial Rome + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Both historians analyze fear and power with austere intensity, though Tacitus writes under monarchy rather than interstate war.
The Annals of Imperial Rome + Letters from a Stoic
Seneca appears as both Stoic moralist and Nero's tutor and courtier inside Tacitus’ imperial world.
The Anti-Federalist Papers + The Federalist Papers
Publius defends energetic national structure, while Anti-Federalists stress proximity, rights, and fear of consolidated power.
The Anti-Federalist Papers + Second Treatise of Government
Locke's resistance to arbitrary power informs Anti-Federalist suspicion of distant authority.
The Anti-Federalist Papers + The Founding Documents
Anti-Federalist pressure helped produce the Bill of Rights that now sits beside the Constitution as a founding text.
The Antichrist + On the Genealogy of Morality
The Antichrist pairs with this work because Genealogy analyzes guilt, ressentiment, punishment, and ascetic meaning as historical psychology.
The Antichrist + Twilight of the Idols
The Antichrist pairs with this work because Twilight compresses Nietzsche's cultural diagnosis into the language of decadence, instinct, and health.
The Antichrist + Beyond Good and Evil
The Antichrist pairs with this work because Nietzsche's aphoristic critique of morality prepares the later genealogical and therapeutic language.
The Antichrist + City of God
The Antichrist pairs with this work because Augustine offers a Christian philosophy of history and desire that Nietzsche attacks from the outside.
The Arabian Nights Entertainments + The Blue Fairy Book
Lang's first Fairy Book, made by the same team in the same format, contains Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves and an earlier version of the Aladdin story's world of genies and magic objects.
The Arabian Nights Entertainments + The Odyssey
Lang's preface suggests Sindbad's adventures may come from the Odyssey; the man-eating giant of the third voyage, whom Sindbad blinds with a heated spit, closely parallels Odysseus and the Cyclops.
The Arabian Nights Entertainments + The Canterbury Tales
Both are frame-tale collections in which a larger story gives the reason for telling many smaller ones; Chaucer's pilgrims compete for a supper, Scheherazade tells for her life.
The Arabian Nights Entertainments + Tanglewood Tales
Hawthorne retold Greek myths for American children as Lang retold the Nights for British children: both soften and shorten old adult material while keeping its marvels.
The Arabian Nights Entertainments + Just So Stories
Kipling's tale of the Butterfly that Stamped features Suleiman-bin-Daoud, Balkis and a Djinn, drawing on the same world of Eastern legend that the Nights made familiar to English children.
The Arabian Nights Entertainments + Aesop's Fables
Several embedded tales, such as the husband and the parrot, are told by vizirs to prove a point to a king, much as fables were used to teach prudence through short, pointed stories.
The Arabian Nights Entertainments + The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I)
Edward William Lane's scholarly translation (1838-41) works directly from the Arabic rather than Galland's French and adds extensive notes on Arab customs; it gives fuller adult versions of tales Lang retells for children, such as the Fisherman and the Jinnee.
The Art of the Commonplace + On the Origin of Species
The Art of the Commonplace can be compared with on-the-origin-of-species to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
The Art of the Commonplace + My Ántonia
The Art of the Commonplace can be compared with my-antonia to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
The Art of War + The Prince
The Prince's chapters 12–14 compress the argument against mercenaries and auxiliaries that The Art of War develops at length; reading them together shows the military foundation beneath Machiavelli's famous political realism.
The Art of War + The Art of War
Sun Tzu prizes deception and victory without battle; Machiavelli's Fabrizio also lists stratagems, but his deeper interest is in the social composition and discipline of armies, which Sun Tzu largely takes for granted.
The Art of War + On War
Clausewitz shares Machiavelli's view that war cannot be understood apart from politics, and also wrote admiringly of him; both see the character of an army as an expression of the state that raises it.
The Art of War + The Conquest of Gaul
Caesar's legions are Fabrizio's ideal: drilled infantry who dig camps nightly and win by order; Machiavelli constantly mines Roman authors for examples of the discipline Caesar records.
The Art of War + The Republic
Plato's guardian class, a separate professional military caste, is the opposite of Fabrizio's citizen-soldiers who return to their trades in peace; the two books offer rival answers to who should bear arms in a just city.
The Art of War + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Pericles' Funeral Oration praises Athenian citizens as soldiers who need no Spartan drill, a contrasting ideal of the civic army that Machiavelli's Roman model answers with relentless discipline.
The Art of War + The Arthashastra
Kautilya's Indian treatise shares Sun Tzu's statecraft of spies, alliances and calculated deception, but is vastly longer and administrative, treating war as one department of a comprehensive science of government.
The Art of War + On War
Clausewitz makes friction, chance and the decisive battle central and treats war as a continuation of policy; Sun Tzu prizes victory without battle and believes calculation and deception can control outcomes that Clausewitz thinks fundamentally uncertain.
The Art of War + The Prince
Machiavelli and Sun Tzu both detach advice to rulers from conventional morality and praise deception, but Machiavelli writes about seizing and holding a principality, Sun Tzu about the calculated use of armies between states.
The Art of War + The Art of War
Machiavelli's dialogue of the same English title argues for citizen militias on the Roman model; set beside Sun Tzu, it shows how differently two traditions imagined the relation between soldier, ruler and state.
The Art of War + Napoleon's Maxims of War
Napoleon's maxims share Sun Tzu's aphoristic form and emphasis on speed and concentration, but they come from a commander's experience of decisive battle rather than an ideal of avoiding it.
The Art of War + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Thucydides shows a long war ruining both Athens and its rivals, an extended historical illustration of Sun Tzu's warning that no state has ever profited from prolonged war.
The Arthashastra + Persian Letters
Montesquieu exposes despotism through satire, while Kautilya provides a practical manual for absolute rule; reading them together shows two attitudes to royal power.
The Arthashastra + The Twelve Caesars
Suetonius shows emperors surrounded by poison, spies and conspiracies, the very dangers against which Kautilya's Book One defends the king.
The Arthashastra + The Bhagavad Gita
Both emerge from the ancient Indian discourse on the duties of the warrior and king; the Gita spiritualizes duty while Kautilya treats it as policy.
The Arthashastra + Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII
Plato's attempt to educate a king in Syracuse contrasts with Kautilya's programme for training a king in practical statecraft.
The Arthashastra + The Prince (Niccolò Machiavelli)
The most common comparison: both write unsentimental advice for rulers, though Kautilya's treatise is far more comprehensive and administrative.
The Bacchae and Other Plays + The Theban Plays
Both Theban tragic worlds punish rulers who misread divine or ritual claims, but Euripides makes ecstasy itself the central power.
The Bacchae and Other Plays + Lysistrata and Other Plays
Aristophanes makes gender inversion comic and civic; Euripides makes it sacred, erotic and lethal.
The Bacchae and Other Plays + Dracula
Both works imagine contagious altered states, nocturnal summons and threatened boundaries of body and community.
The Bacchae and Other Plays + Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays
Iphigenia in Aulis was produced after Euripides's death together with the Bacchae; the library's Coleridge volume gathers it with ten other plays, completing the extant Euripides.
The Bacchae and Other Plays + The Trojan Women and Other Plays
The Trojan Women (415 BC) and Iphigenia among the Taurians show Euripides's handling of war's aftermath and of the house of Atreus, set against the Bacchae's divine revenge.
The Bears on Hemlock Mountain + The Courage of Sarah Noble
Dalgliesh's other early-grades Newbery Honor story also sends a child alone into the woods with words to repeat: Sarah has her mother's charge to keep up her courage, Jonathan his rhyme about the bears.
The Bears on Hemlock Mountain + Little House in the Big Woods
Laura's Wisconsin winter also holds real bears near a family farm, and in both books children learn the wilderness through the grown-ups' stories and dangers they must take seriously.
The Bears on Hemlock Mountain + Keep the Lights Burning, Abbie
Both stories give a child a real task in a winter emergency, Abbie the lighthouse lamps and Jonathan the iron pot, and both end with a parent's return.
The Bears on Hemlock Mountain + Make Way for Ducklings
Two classic books for the youngest readers in which an errand through a dangerous place, a busy Boston street or a dark hill, ends safely because grown-ups step in at the right time.
The Bhagavad Gita + Meditations
Both counsel acting dutifully in one's appointed role while accepting outcomes with equanimity; Marcus also wrote while waging war.
The Bhagavad Gita + The Iliad
Two epics of kin and friends at war; Achilles' and Arjuna's refusals to fight lead to very different reflections on mortality and duty.
The Bhagavad Gita + Siddhartha: An Indian Tale
Hesse's novel draws on the same Indian tradition but has its hero seek liberation through experience rather than prescribed duty.
The Bhagavad Gita + The Bible
Both scriptures contain dialogues between God and a troubled human (compare Job), and both have been read as guides for righteous action in war.
The Bhagavad Gita + The Arthashastra
The kshatriya's duty is treated spiritually in the Gita and pragmatically in Kautilya's statecraft.
The Bhagavad Gita + Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII
The image of the senses as horses and the mind as charioteer, found in the Katha Upanishad that the Gita echoes, has a close counterpart in Plato's Phaedrus.
The Bible + The Koran
The Quran retells many biblical figures, Adam, Noah, Abraham, Joseph, Moses, Mary and Jesus, with distinct emphases.
The Bible + Confessions
Augustine's autobiography is saturated with the Psalms and Paul; his conversion turns on reading Romans.
The Bible + The Scarlet Letter
Hawthorne's Puritan Boston lives by biblical law and typology, and Dimmesdale's guilt is framed in scriptural terms.
The Bible + East of Eden
Steinbeck's novel restages Cain and Abel and builds its moral argument on the Hebrew word timshel from Genesis 4:7.
The Bible + The Bhagavad Gita
Two scriptures in which God answers a human's crisis; compare Krishna and Arjuna with God and Job.
The Birth of Tragedy + The Bacchae and Other Plays
Euripides, whom Nietzsche blames for killing tragedy, wrote in the Bacchae the most Dionysian play to survive; Nietzsche reads it as the poet's late recantation, a reading the play's ecstatic and murderous chorus invites readers to test.
The Birth of Tragedy + The Oresteia
Aeschylus is Nietzsche's model of the tragic union of chorus and dialogue; the Oresteia's massive choral odes illustrate his claim that tragedy began as chorus and only later acquired characters.
The Birth of Tragedy + The Theban Plays
Nietzsche reads Oedipus as the sage who solves the riddle of nature and must therefore suffer its unnatural consequences, a Dionysian reading of Sophocles that contrasts with Aristotle's emphasis on plot and error.
The Birth of Tragedy + The Last Days of Socrates
The Phaedo's serene dying Socrates, who calls death a cure, is the scene Nietzsche says became the new ideal of Greek youth and the emblem of theoretical optimism.
The Birth of Tragedy + The World as Will and Representation
Schopenhauer supplies the will, the principium individuationis and the idea of music as a direct copy of the will; Nietzsche borrows the metaphysics but replaces Schopenhauer's resignation with a tragic affirmation.
The Birth of Tragedy + Thus Spoke Zarathustra
The Dionysian returns in Zarathustra as dancing, laughter and eternal recurrence, now detached from Wagner and Schopenhauer; the 1886 preface openly wishes the early book had sung as Zarathustra does.
The Birth of Tragedy + Hamlet (William Shakespeare)
In section 7 Nietzsche makes Hamlet the type of the Dionysian man paralysed not by excessive reflection but by true insight into the horror of existence.
The Black Arrow + Richard III
Stevenson's hunchbacked Duke of Gloucester, brave, cold and contemptuous of mercy, is a younger version of the Richard whom Shakespeare made the archetype of the ambitious usurper; the novel's last paragraph points ahead to his brief kingdom and lasting infamy.
The Black Arrow + Ivanhoe
Scott's romance of outlaws, captive heiresses, a castle and a disguised great man is Stevenson's model; both mix invented knights with real kings in a divided England.
The Black Arrow + The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood
The Fellowship of the Black Arrow is a darker Sherwood band, living in the greenwood and shooting at the lords who wronged them, but its leader is moved by private revenge, not merry justice.
The Black Arrow + Treasure Island
Written in the same year for the same paper, both books follow a boy among dangerous men; Dick's unease with Lawless resembles Jim Hawkins's mixed feelings for Long John Silver.
The Black Arrow + The Prince and the Pauper
Both tales put a boy among outlaws and great lords of English history and let him learn the cost of the age's violence and law.
The Blue Fairy Book + Aesop's Fables
Short morals versus wonder-tale plots; both form judgment.
The Blue Fairy Book + The Princess and the Goblin
Victorian children’s fantasy with fear and trust, as a single novel beside the anthology.
The Borrowers + Gulliver's Travels
Swift's Lilliput, where Gulliver is a giant among tiny people, is the ancestor of Norton's game of scale, though Norton tells it from the small people's side.
The Borrowers + The Cricket in Times Square
Small creatures living secretly inside a human world, furnishing their homes from human leftovers and befriending one human boy.
The Borrowers + The Secret Garden
Both books bring a child home from India to a large, quiet English house and a sickroom, and both turn on secret friendship hidden from the household servants.
The Borrowers + The Wind in the Willows
Two English classics that delight in snug underground homes, and in the tension between staying safely inside and venturing out into the wide world.
The Borrowers + Charlotte's Web
In both, a small creature's life depends on a child's friendship and on the adults never quite seeing what the child sees.
The Boxcar Children + Heidi
Both turn on a grandfather feared at first, the Alm-Uncle in Spyri and James Henry Alden in Warner, who proves loving and gives the child a true home.
The Boxcar Children + The Swiss Family Robinson
Both delight in a family furnishing a home from salvage and wits, the Robinsons from their wreck and the Aldens from a town dump.
The Boxcar Children + My Side of the Mountain
Sam Gribley and the Aldens both make a home in the woods by their own work, though Sam chooses solitude while the Aldens flee to stay together.
The Boxcar Children + The Moffats
Two American books about four children managing with very little, where cheerfulness and family loyalty make small resources go far.
The Boxcar Children + Robinson Crusoe
Crusoe's careful inventories and contrivances are the grown-up ancestor of Jessie's housekeeping and Henry's errands in the boxcar.
The Bronze Bow + The Jewish War
Josephus's history of the revolt against Rome describes the rebel bands and Zealot movements that Rosh's outlaws anticipate a generation earlier.
The Bronze Bow + The Bible
The novel's Jesus speaks in words drawn from the Gospels, and its title comes from the Song of David in 2 Samuel 22; Simon the Zealot appears in the Gospel lists of the Twelve.
The Bronze Bow + The Sign of the Beaver
In Speare's later novel a boy learns from a people he first misjudges, as Daniel finally learns to see Marcus as a person rather than a Roman.
The Bronze Bow + Johnny Tremain
Both follow a young craftsman embittered by his past who is drawn into a resistance movement against an imperial army and learns what the cause truly asks of him.
The Bronze Bow + The Count of Monte Cristo
Dantès and Daniel both build their lives around revenge for a father's or their own ruin; Dumas and Speare reach different verdicts on whether vengeance can be satisfied.
The Brothers Karamazov + Crime and Punishment
The Brothers Karamazov can be compared with crime-and-punishment to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
The Brothers Karamazov + King Lear
The Brothers Karamazov can be compared with king-lear to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
The Brothers Karamazov + The Idiot
Prince Myshkin, Dostoevsky's earlier attempt at a wholly good man, can be read beside Alyosha Karamazov; both bring Christian compassion into households torn by passion and pride.
The Burgess Bird Book for Children + The Tale of Peter Rabbit
Another animal outdoor world that teaches looking and manners.
The Burgess Bird Book for Children + Aesop's Fables
Creatures as neighbors that instruct without modern scolding.
The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories + The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern Papers
Both make the reliability of a disturbed narrator the core of horror; James's ambiguity is psychological, Lovecraft's cosmic.
The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories + Frankenstein
'Herbert West—Reanimator' is an explicit parody of the Frankenstein plot, transferring reanimation to a medical school.
The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories + The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket
Lovecraft revered Poe; At the Mountains of Madness continues Pym's Antarctic journey, and the sea horrors of 'Dagon' echo Pym.
The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories + Dracula
Both use assembled documents and diaries to present invasion by an ancient, contaminating power.
The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories + The Vampyre
Two ends of the Gothic tale: Polidori's aristocratic predator and Lovecraft's impersonal cosmic monster.
The Call of the Wild + The Jungle Book
Kipling's Mowgli stories and London's novella both imagine the law of the wild from inside an animal community; Mowgli leaves the pack for men, while Buck leaves men for the pack.
The Call of the Wild + Black Beauty
Both are told from an animal's point of view and pass the animal through a series of good and bad masters; Sewell argues for humane treatment, while London shows how ill-treatment hardens Buck.
The Call of the Wild + On the Origin of Species
London's chapter titles and his talk of the primordial beast draw on popular Darwinism; Darwin's account of struggle and adaptation is the scientific background to Buck's survival on the trail.
The Call of the Wild + Where the Red Fern Grows
Both are stories of fierce mutual devotion between dogs and a master, and both end with grief at a death in the wilderness.
The Call of the Wild + My Side of the Mountain
Sam Gribley chooses the wild and learns to live in it by skill and patience, while Buck is thrown into it by force; both books respect hard-won practical knowledge.
The Canterbury Tales + The Divine Comedy
Both are journeys of pilgrims through a whole society; Dante's moves through the afterlife, Chaucer's along an English road.
The Canterbury Tales + The Pilgrim's Progress
Bunyan's allegory makes the pilgrimage itself the story of the soul's road to heaven, which the Parson's Prologue points toward.
The Canterbury Tales + Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
A Middle English romance of the same age, testing a knight's truth and courtesy as the Knight's Tale tests its lovers.
The Canterbury Tales + The Consolation of Philosophy
Chaucer translated Boethius, whose teaching on providence and fortune underlies Theseus's final speech.
The Civil War + The Conquest of Gaul
The Gallic Commentaries narrate foreign conquest with little need for self-defence; the Civil War carries the same style into a domestic quarrel, where every paragraph must also prove that Caesar is not a tyrant.
The Civil War + The Fall of the Roman Republic: Six Lives
Plutarch's Lives of Caesar, Pompey and Cato tell the same war from several sides, including the Rubicon crossing and Pompey's last hours that Caesar either omits or compresses.
The Civil War + The Twelve Caesars
Suetonius supplies the famous words at the Rubicon and the tradition of Caesar's seizures, and judges the Commentaries as a historian a century later, after the Republic they claimed to defend had become an empire.
The Civil War + The Annals of Imperial Rome
Tacitus writes from inside the monarchy that Caesar's victory made possible, and his account of how liberty was lost under the emperors is the long sequel to the war narrated here.
The Civil War + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Thucydides' account of stasis at Corcyra, where words changed their meanings in civil strife, is the classic analysis of the moral breakdown that Caesar's calm narrative of Romans fighting Romans conceals.
The Civil War + Personal Memoirs
Grant also narrates a civil war he won with conspicuous magnanimity toward the defeated, but writes after the fighting is over as a citizen, not as a commander still seeking legitimacy.
The Collar + On His Blindness (Sonnet XIX)
Milton's sonnet also lets a servant of God protest his lot before an answering voice resolves the complaint, though Patience answers calmly where Herbert's Lord speaks one word.
The Collar + Holy Sonnet X: "Death, be not proud"
Donne, a friend of Herbert's mother, argues with Death in a strict sonnet; Herbert argues with God in deliberately broken verse.
The Collar + Confessions
In Book VIII Augustine's long resistance to conversion ends when he hears a child's voice saying take up and read, a scene of rebellion answered by a call that Herbert's ending echoes.
The Collar + God's Grandeur
Hopkins, who admired Herbert, also works his devotion through dense sound and tension, ending on the Holy Ghost's brooding care as Herbert ends on the Lord's call.
The Comedy of Errors + Twelfth Night
Shakespeare returned to twins separated by shipwreck in Twelfth Night, where Viola and Sebastian are mistaken for each other in Illyria; the later play adds disguise, melancholy and deeper love.
The Comedy of Errors + A Midsummer Night's Dream
Both comedies send characters into a night of confusion in which identity and love are scrambled, explained in one play by fairy magic and feared as witchcraft in the other.
The Comedy of Errors + The Taming of the Shrew
Another early comedy about marriage and wifely obedience; Luciana's speech on husbands and Katherine's final speech can be read side by side.
The Comedy of Errors + The Odyssey
Egeon's long wanderings after shipwreck and the final recognition of a lost wife and son recall the shape of Odysseus's homecoming.
The Comedy of Errors + The Anatomy of Melancholy
The Abbess's list of how lost sleep, unquiet meals and barred recreation breed melancholy and madness anticipates the non-naturals that Burton catalogues as causes of melancholy.
The Communist Manifesto + A Modest Proposal
The Communist Manifesto can be compared with a-modest-proposal to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
The Communist Manifesto + Centesimus Annus
The Communist Manifesto can be compared with centesimus-annus to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
The Conquest of Gaul + The Civil War
Caesar's second set of commentaries turns the same detached third-person manner against Roman opponents; the brutality permitted toward Gauls gives way to a carefully advertised clemency toward fellow citizens.
The Conquest of Gaul + The Agricola and the Germania
Tacitus revisits Britain and the Germans 150 years later; his Calgacus, who says the Romans make a desert and call it peace, gives the conquered the eloquent voice that Caesar grants only once, to Critognatus at Alesia.
The Conquest of Gaul + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Thucydides invents speeches to expose the logic of empire, while Caesar suppresses his own reasoning beneath bare narrative; both write as generals with reputations to defend.
The Conquest of Gaul + The Histories
Herodotus's ethnographies of Scythians and Egyptians are the model behind Caesar's excursus on Gauls and Germans, though Caesar's curiosity is tightly bound to military use.
The Conquest of Gaul + The Twelve Caesars
Suetonius's Life of Julius gives the gossip, epilepsy and appetites that the Commentaries omit, and records the ancient judgment on their style and accuracy.
The Conquest of Gaul + The Fall of the Roman Republic: Six Lives
Plutarch's Life of Caesar sets the Gallic campaigns inside the political struggle at Rome and supplies the casualty figures that Caesar's own account leaves scattered.
The Conquest of Gaul + Memoirs
Both commanders destroy the economic base of a resisting population and write the record themselves; Sherman argues openly with critics, while Caesar persuades by appearing to have nothing to argue about.
The Consolation of Philosophy + Letters from a Stoic
Seneca supplies earlier Roman philosophical therapy for fear and fortune; Boethius dramatizes such therapy under imprisonment.
The Consolation of Philosophy + Meditations
Both turn inward under political burden, but Boethius stages consolation through dialogue with personified Philosophy.
The Consolation of Philosophy + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Both works confront a man stripped of worldly confidence by death, asking what remains true at the end.
The Cost of Discipleship + Letters and Papers from Prison
Seven years separate Nachfolge from the prison letters; the earlier book draws the church apart in visible holiness, the later imagines faith lived fully in a world come of age, and Bonhoeffer's letter of 21 July 1944 looks back on this book directly.
The Cost of Discipleship + The Rule of St Benedict
Finkenwalde borrowed monastic patterns of daily prayer, meditation and confession; Benedict's Rule offers the long tradition of the disciplined community that Bonhoeffer adapted for Protestant ordinands in a hostile state.
The Cost of Discipleship + Fear and Trembling
Bonhoeffer's account of the call that severs natural ties, illustrated with Abraham and Isaac, is close to Kierkegaard's knight of faith, and his attack on cheap grace echoes Kierkegaard's assault on comfortable Christendom.
The Cost of Discipleship + The Bible
More than half the book is a commentary on Matthew 5–7 and 9–10; reading the Sermon on the Mount alongside it shows how literally Bonhoeffer takes commands that most interpreters soften.
The Cost of Discipleship + City of God
Augustine's two cities and Bonhoeffer's visible church both define a Christian community against a pagan or paganised empire, but Augustine accepts just war where Bonhoeffer's commentary leans toward non-resistance.
The Cost of Discipleship + Early Christian Lives
The ascetic lives of Antony and others show an earlier answer to the problem of a Christianity grown comfortable; Bonhoeffer praises the monastic protest but rejects withdrawal into a special class of the perfect.
The Count of Monte Cristo + Wuthering Heights
Heathcliff and Dantès both disappear, return mysteriously rich, and pursue revenge against those who wronged them, with destructive effects on the next generation.
The Count of Monte Cristo + The Odyssey
The disguised return of a wronged man who punishes those who usurped his place; Dantès consciously plays a modern Odysseus.
The Count of Monte Cristo + Treasure Island
A treasure map on a remote island transforms a young man's fortunes in two of the great adventure novels.
The Count of Monte Cristo + Macbeth
Both show ambition and guilt destroying a household; Madame de Villefort's poisonings and Villefort's madness echo the Macbeths.
The Count of Monte Cristo + The Twelve Caesars
Monte Cristo's discussion of poisoners invokes Roman figures such as Locusta, the poisoner associated with Nero, described by Suetonius.
The Count of Monte Cristo + The Three Musketeers
Dumas wrote The Three Musketeers (1844) just before Monte Cristo; both are serial adventures of loyalty, revenge and providence, the one set in the court of Louis XIII and the other in Restoration France.
The Courage of Sarah Noble + The Bears on Hemlock Mountain
Dalgliesh's other Newbery Honor story for young readers also sends a child alone through the woods with a repeated saying, Jonathan's rhyme about the bears answering Sarah's mother's charge to keep up her courage.
The Courage of Sarah Noble + The Sign of the Beaver
Both books leave a child to keep a new cabin while the father fetches the family, and both turn on friendship with Native neighbors who teach the child how to live in the woods.
The Courage of Sarah Noble + Little House in the Big Woods
Laura's log house in Wisconsin and Sarah's in Connecticut, a century and a half apart, show the same frontier household work of fire, food and shelter through a small girl's eyes.
The Courage of Sarah Noble + Keep the Lights Burning, Abbie
Abbie Burgess, like Sarah, is a real girl left in charge while her father is away, and both stories measure courage in a child's willingness to stay at her task through a frightening night.
The Cricket in Times Square + Charlotte's Web
Garth Williams drew the animals of both books, and in both a small creature with a rare gift, Charlotte's writing and Chester's music, draws crowds and saves a friend.
The Cricket in Times Square + Aesop's Fables
The fable of the town mouse and the country mouse lies behind the friendship of the meadow cricket and the subway mouse, each loyal to his own kind of home.
The Cricket in Times Square + The Wind in the Willows
Mole's sudden longing for his old home in Grahame's Dulce Domum chapter is the same homesickness that sends Chester back to his meadow, and both books turn on animal friendship.
The Cricket in Times Square + Mr. Popper's Penguins
In both books a family short of money is rescued when unusual animals become a public sensation, and in both the animals finally return to where they belong.
The Cricket in Times Square + The Borrowers
Both imagine a hidden world of small creatures living unseen in the corners of a human household, the drain pipe and the newsstand in one, the floorboards in the other.
The Death of Ivan Ilyich + Death of a Salesman
Two portraits of ordinary men facing the emptiness of lives built on social success; Willy Loman's death and Ivan Ilyich's are both reckonings with a false idea of the good life.
The Death of Ivan Ilyich + Meditations
Marcus constantly rehearses death as natural and universal, the truth Ivan Ilyich cannot accept until the end.
The Death of Ivan Ilyich + The Last Days of Socrates
The Phaedo's serene philosophical death is the antithesis of Ivan Ilyich's terror, yet both end in acceptance.
The Death of Ivan Ilyich + The Meek One
Dostoevsky's narrator, like Ivan Ilyich, reviews his life in the presence of death and discovers his own failure of love.
The Death of Ivan Ilyich + Confessions
Tolstoy's own A Confession, written in Augustine's tradition, describes the crisis that produced this story.
The Descent of Man + On the Origin of Species
The Descent of Man pairs with this work because Origin supplies the evolutionary framework that later books apply to human beings and behavior.
The Descent of Man + The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals
The Descent of Man pairs with this work because Darwin treats emotion as embodied, observable, and continuous with animal behavior.
The Descent of Man + Body and Mind
The Descent of Man pairs with this work because it shares a specific historical or conceptual problem.
The Descent of Man + Beyond Good and Evil
The Descent of Man pairs with this work because Nietzsche's aphoristic critique of morality prepares the later genealogical and therapeutic language.
The Divine Comedy + The Aeneid
The Divine Comedy can be compared with the-aeneid to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
The Divine Comedy + The Consolation of Philosophy
The Divine Comedy can be compared with the-consolation-of-philosophy to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
The Door in the Wall + The Secret Garden
Colin Craven, like Robin, is a boy who believes he cannot walk; both recover strength and spirit through patient companions and work with their hands, though Robin's lameness remains.
The Door in the Wall + Johnny Tremain
Johnny's burned hand ends his hopes as a silversmith as Robin's legs end his hopes as a knight; each finds a new calling and serves bravely in a war.
The Door in the Wall + The Canterbury Tales
Chaucer's pilgrims travel the roads of Edward III's and Richard II's England, the same world of friars, minstrels and inns through which Robin journeys to Lindsay.
The Door in the Wall + The Rule of St Benedict
Benedict's Rule makes the care of the sick a first duty of the monastery; Brother Luke's house of St. Mark's shows that ideal at work in the plague years.
The Door in the Wall + Heidi
Clara, unable to walk, gains strength in the mountain air with Heidi's friendship, a parallel story of an invalid child restored by care and courage.
The Dream of the Rood + Cædmon's Hymn
Both are early English Christian poems that recast the vocabulary of heroic verse for sacred subjects; Cædmon praises the Creator as guardian of the kingdom, while the Rood presents the Redeemer as a young warrior.
The Dream of the Rood + Beowulf
The cross speaks like a loyal thane, and Christ resembles a heroic lord; reading it beside Beowulf's account of lord-retainer bonds shows how the poet turned that ethic toward the Passion.
The Dream of the Rood + Journey of the Magi
Both poems tell the life of Christ through an eyewitness voice that is not a Gospel narrator: Eliot's aged Magus at the Nativity and the speaking tree at the crucifixion.
The Dream of the Rood + The Bible
The cross's account follows the Passion narratives, including the darkness over the land (Matthew 27:45), the piercing of the side (John 19:34), and the burial in a rock-hewn tomb.
The Eagle of the Ninth + The Agricola and the Germania
Tacitus's account of his father-in-law's campaigns in Caledonia, with the speech of Calgacus against Rome, is the main ancient picture of the northern Britain beyond the Wall that Marcus and Esca enter.
The Eagle of the Ninth + The Aeneid
Marcus's quest for his father's honor and his final settling in a new land echo Roman pietas as Virgil drew it in Aeneas carrying his father from Troy and founding a home far from it.
The Eagle of the Ninth + Kidnapped
Both are flights across the Scottish Highlands by a pair of unlike companions, one a stranger to the country and one at home in it, whose friendship is tested by hunger, pursuit and pride.
The Eagle of the Ninth + The Bronze Bow
Speare's Galilee and Sutcliff's Britain are both provinces under Roman occupation; Daniel's hatred of Rome and Esca's growing friendship with a Roman make an instructive contrast.
The Eagle of the Ninth + Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad
Sutcliff's late retelling of the Iliad shares this novel's interest in honor, comradeship and the cost of war, told in the same vivid, physical prose.
The Eagle of the Ninth + The Conquest of Gaul
Caesar's invasion of Britain and his description of British chariot warfare stand behind the chariot charge at Isca that cripples Marcus.
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals + The Descent of Man
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals pairs with this work because Darwin extends evolutionary thinking to human mind, morals, sex, and heredity.
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals + The Principles of Psychology
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals pairs with this work because William James offers a philosophical psychology of mind, habit, attention, and experience.
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals + Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals pairs with this work because Charcot supplies the neurological clinic behind later hysteria and dynamic psychiatry.
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals + The Varieties of Religious Experience
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals pairs with this work because James studies altered states, conversion, melancholy, and religious experience with psychological tact.
The Faerie Queene, Book I + The Pilgrim's Progress
Bunyan's Christian, like Redcrosse, falls into a giant's dungeon (Giant Despair in Doubting Castle) and must reach the Celestial City; Bunyan's plain prose allegory makes a useful contrast with Spenser's courtly romance.
The Faerie Queene, Book I + Le Morte d'Arthur
Malory gives the Arthurian knights their quests and failures; Spenser borrows Prince Arthur from that tradition but makes him a figure of heavenly grace who rescues the fallen knight.
The Faerie Queene, Book I + Paradise Lost
Milton, who admired Spenser, also sets pride and disobedience against grace; Lucifera's palace anticipates Pandaemonium, and both poems end with fallen humanity sent out on a hopeful journey.
The Faerie Queene, Book I + The Divine Comedy
Dante's pilgrim must be led through hell and purgation before seeing heaven; Redcrosse is purged in the House of Holiness before Contemplation shows him the New Jerusalem.
The Faerie Queene, Book I + Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Both medieval and Renaissance poems test a knight's faith and honesty through enchantment and a lady's deception, with a hero who is humbled rather than simply triumphant.
The Faerie Queene, Book I + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Burton's treatise devotes a long section to religious melancholy and despair; Spenser's Cave of Despair is a poetic portrait of the same spiritual condition.
The Fall of the Roman Republic: Six Lives + The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives
The Greek counterparts in the Parallel Lives; Caesar's pair is Alexander, Pompey's Agesilaus, Cicero's Demosthenes.
The Fall of the Roman Republic: Six Lives + The Twelve Caesars
Suetonius begins where Plutarch's Caesar ends, with the imperial monarchy born from the Republic's collapse.
The Fall of the Roman Republic: Six Lives + Macbeth
Shakespeare's tragedies of ambition and assassination, including Julius Caesar, draw on Plutarch's moral psychology of power.
The Fall of the Roman Republic: Six Lives + The Agricola and the Germania
Tacitus writes under the emperors about virtue's survival after the Republic's liberty was lost.
The Fall of the Roman Republic: Six Lives + The Satires of Horace and Persius
Horace, who fought for Brutus at Philippi, writes satire in the aftermath of the civil wars these Lives describe.
The Federalist Papers + The Anti-Federalist Papers
The Anti-Federalists expose the dangers Publius minimizes: consolidation, elite power, standing armies, taxation, and inadequate rights protections.
The Federalist Papers + The Founding Documents
The essays interpret and defend the institutional architecture that the Constitution states more tersely.
The Federalist Papers + Leviathan
Hobbes fears disorder and weak sovereignty; Publius seeks energetic government without abandoning republican checks.
The Federalist Papers + A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America
Adams's Defence, published in 1787, makes a parallel historical case for separated and balanced powers.
The Federalist Papers + Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank
Hamilton's Treasury reports and bank opinion (1790-1791) put Publius's arguments for energetic government and implied powers into practice.
The Federalist Papers + The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Madison, a co-author of The Federalist, drafted the Virginia Resolutions of 1798 against the Alien and Sedition Acts, appealing to the states as parties to the constitutional compact.
The Founding Documents + Second Treatise of Government
Locke's consent and rights theory helps illuminate the Declaration's political vocabulary.
The Founding Documents + The Federalist Papers
The Federalist Papers defend the Constitution's structure and answer ratification anxieties left implicit in the document.
The Founding Documents + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Douglass uses founding ideals to indict slavery and expose the gap between national creed and national practice.
The Founding Documents + Magna Carta
Magna Carta (1215) is the older English charter of liberties whose guarantee of lawful judgment by peers stands behind the due-process language of the Fifth Amendment.
The Founding Documents + The Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact is an agreement of 1620 in which the Plymouth settlers covenanted to form a civil body politic and make just and equal laws.
The Founding Documents + The Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation (1777, ratified 1781) were the first constitution of the United States, which the Constitution of 1787 replaced.
The Founding Documents + The Virginia Declaration of Rights
George Mason's Virginia Declaration of Rights (June 1776) preceded the Declaration of Independence and served as a model for later state and federal bills of rights.
The Founding Documents + A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America
Adams's Defence (1787) surveyed ancient and modern republics in support of a balanced, bicameral government; its first volume appeared in 1787, the year of the Convention.
The Gay Science + Thus Spoke Zarathustra
The Gay Science pairs with this work because Zarathustra dramatizes self-overcoming and life affirmation in prophetic-philosophical form.
The Gay Science + Beyond Good and Evil
The Gay Science pairs with this work because Nietzsche's aphoristic critique of morality prepares the later genealogical and therapeutic language.
The Gay Science + Ecce Homo
The Gay Science pairs with this work because Ecce Homo turns Nietzsche's health, illness, style, and authorship into philosophical autobiography.
The Gay Science + The World as Will and Representation
The Gay Science pairs with this work because Schopenhauer is a central foil for Nietzsche on suffering, will, pity, and life-denial.
The Giver + Number the Stars
Lowry's earlier Newbery winner shows real people in occupied Denmark choosing to protect the vulnerable at risk to themselves; Jonas makes the same choice for Gabriel in an invented society that has forgotten why such choices matter.
The Giver + Fahrenheit 451
Both imagine a society kept docile by erasing the past, books in Bradbury and memory in Lowry, and both end with the hero fleeing the city to find people who remember.
The Giver + A Wrinkle in Time
Camazotz, where children bounce balls in perfect rhythm under IT, is an earlier picture of enforced sameness; Meg defeats it by love, which is also what Jonas's last great memory gives him.
The Giver + The Republic
Plato's guardians assign roles, manage births and raise children in common for the good of the city; the Community follows several of those proposals and lets readers test them in a story.
The Giver + Utopia
More's island of uniform cities and regulated lives raises the old question Lowry takes up for children: whether a society can be made orderly and just by removing private choice.
The Golden Ass + Metamorphoses
Ovid supplies the great poetic precedent for bodily transformation, while Apuleius makes metamorphosis comic, punitive and religious.
The Golden Ass + Don Quixote
Both novels send a deluded or driven protagonist through episodic adventures that expose social worlds.
The Golden Ass + The Bacchae and Other Plays
Both connect altered identity, ritual power and dangerous curiosity about forbidden rites.
The Great Gatsby + Great Expectations
Pip and Gatsby both remake themselves into gentlemen for love of a cold, unattainable woman, Estella or Daisy, and both learn what their new status was built on.
The Great Gatsby + Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack
Young Jimmy Gatz's handwritten schedule and list of general resolves imitates Franklin's famous plan for moral perfection, turning the self-improvement tradition toward money and Daisy.
The Great Gatsby + My Ántonia
Both novels are told by a Midwestern man looking back on a remembered figure who embodies a dream; Cather's Jim Burden finds lasting value in Ántonia where Nick finds Gatsby's dream already behind him.
The Great Gatsby + Death of a Salesman
Willy Loman and Gatsby both stake everything on an American promise of success and die for it; Miller's family drama sets the dream in a Brooklyn kitchen rather than a Long Island mansion.
The Great Gatsby + Daisy Miller
Henry James's American Daisy dies of fever in Rome and Fitzgerald's survives untouched, but in both the young woman's charm is read by a watching male narrator who cannot decide what she really is.
The Great Gatsby + This Side of Paradise
Fitzgerald's first novel (1920) follows Amory Blaine through Princeton and the war years; its themes of romantic ambition, money and disillusion return in a more controlled form in Gatsby.
The Hiding Place + Man's Search for Meaning
Frankl the psychiatrist and ten Boom the watchmaker both survived the camps and both describe how an inner orientation, meaning for Frankl and faith for ten Boom, kept prisoners alive; Frankl's chapters on hunger, apathy and liberation sit closely beside Corrie's Ravensbrück.
The Hiding Place + Letters and Papers from Prison
Bonhoeffer and the ten Booms were Christians imprisoned by the Nazi state for resisting it; Bonhoeffer reflects theologically from a Berlin cell, while Corrie tells the story of a family's daily faith from a Dutch watch shop to a German camp.
The Hiding Place + Number the Stars
Lowry's novel of Danish families hiding Jewish neighbors in 1943 is a younger readers' companion to the ten Booms' story of ordinary households drawn into rescue.
The Hiding Place + The Cost of Discipleship
Bonhoeffer's attack on cheap grace and his call to obedience are lived out in the Beje, where Casper ten Boom accepts arrest rather than turn away the persecuted.
The Hiding Place + Psalm 23
The valley of the shadow of death and a table prepared in the presence of enemies are the experience of Betsie and Corrie at Ravensbrück, where they found God present in the darkest place.
The Histories + The Iliad
Herodotus begins with the abductions of women as causes of war, glancing at Helen; his epic scope and speeches owe much to Homer.
The Histories + The Agricola and the Germania
Tacitus' ethnography of the Germans continues Herodotus' tradition of describing other peoples' customs.
The Histories + Persian Letters
Montesquieu reverses Herodotus' gaze, letting Persians describe the Greeks' heirs.
The Histories + In Patagonia
Chatwin's travel book, full of digressions, tall tales and odd customs, is often compared with Herodotus' method.
The Histories + The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives
Plutarch's Alexander conquers the Persian Empire whose rise Herodotus described.
The History of the Church + Early Christian Writings: The Apostolic Fathers
The Apostolic Fathers give earlier community voices that Eusebius later arranges into historical succession.
The History of the Church + Early Christian Lives
Both works turn exemplary Christian bodies into memory, though lives focus on saints and ascetics rather than institutions.
The History of the Church + The Annals of Imperial Rome
Tacitus writes Roman imperial history from senatorial suspicion; Eusebius rewrites empire through Christian providence.
The History of the Peloponnesian War + The Histories
Herodotus ranges across cultures and wonders; Thucydides compresses inquiry into war, power and political causation.
The History of the Peloponnesian War + The Annals of Imperial Rome
Tacitus shares Thucydides’ dark interest in fear, power and public speech under pressure.
The History of the Peloponnesian War + Testament of Youth
Brittain supplies the intimate cost of war that Thucydides often subordinates to civic and strategic analysis.
The Hobbit + On Fairy-Stories
Tolkien's lecture of 1939 explains the ideas behind The Hobbit: secondary worlds, recovery, escape and the eucatastrophe, the sudden joyous turn seen when the Eagles arrive at the Battle of Five Armies.
The Hobbit + The Lord of the Rings
The sequel turns Bilbo's magic ring into the One Ring and darkens the world of the earlier book, which is why Tolkien revised the Gollum chapter in 1951.
The Hobbit + Beowulf
A thief's theft of a cup from a sleeping dragon wakes the beast to burn the land in both poems; Tolkien's famous Beowulf lecture of 1936 was written while The Hobbit was nearing publication.
The Hobbit + The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
Two Oxford friends wrote children's fantasy from Christian conviction: Lewis by open allegory-like story, Tolkien by a world where providence works quietly through luck and pity.
The Hobbit + The Odyssey
Both are journeys out and home again, with monsters, hospitality and disguises, and a homecoming that finds the house in the hands of others.
The Hobbit + Treasure Island
Both turn a map and a hoard of gold into a test of character, showing how treasure divides companions.
The Horse and His Boy + The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
The kings and queens crowned at Cair Paravel at the end of the first book appear here as grown rulers, and Susan's suitor Rabadash is the cause of the war.
The Horse and His Boy + The Last Battle
Calormen and its god Tash return in the final Chronicle, where the Calormene Emeth is welcomed by Aslan; both books show Aslan at work among those who did not grow up knowing him.
The Horse and His Boy + The Silver Chair
Both are journeys guided by Aslan through danger, and both show companions, Jill and Eustace or Shasta and Aravis, growing from quarrelling to friendship.
The Horse and His Boy + The Golden Ass
Apuleius's Lucius is turned into a donkey and restored at a temple; Lewis, who knew the book, gives Rabadash a similar fate at the temple of Tash.
The Horse and His Boy + The Odyssey
A long journey home by a hero who does not at first know who he is or what awaits him; Shasta, like Odysseus's son Telemachus, comes into a royal identity through the voyage.
The Horse and His Boy + 12 Years a Slave
Solomon Northup's memoir records a real man held in slavery who escapes and recovers his name; Shasta's flight from being sold gives younger readers the same hope in a fairy-tale shape.
The Hound of the Baskervilles + The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
The short-story collection that made Holmes famous; The Speckled Band's lonely country house, trained animal, and greedy relative are the seed of the Hound's plot, expanded here to novel length.
The Hound of the Baskervilles + The Innocence of Father Brown
Chesterton's priest also faces crimes dressed up as the supernatural, but where Holmes defeats the legend with physical evidence, Father Brown reads the human heart and insists that reason and faith are allies.
The Hound of the Baskervilles + Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
Both books test late Victorian science against the uncanny and ask whether evil is inherited or chosen; Stevenson keeps the horror within one man, while Doyle traces a family's wickedness through a portrait.
The Hound of the Baskervilles + Dracula
Published five years earlier, Stoker's novel is told through letters and diaries much as Watson's Dartmoor chapters are, and also pits modern doctors against an ancient terror.
The Hound of the Baskervilles + The Thirty-Nine Steps
Buchan's hero, like Sir Henry, is a newcomer from overseas hunted across lonely British moorland, and both books turn wild landscape into a stage for suspense.
The House at Pooh Corner + Winnie-the-Pooh
The first book (1926) introduces the Forest, Pooh, Piglet, Eeyore, Owl, Rabbit, Kanga and Roo; this sequel adds Tigger, invents Poohsticks and closes the series with Christopher Robin's farewell in the Enchanted Place.
The House at Pooh Corner + The Wind in the Willows
Grahame's riverbank and Milne's Forest are both English landscapes peopled by animal friends; Toad's boasting and the friends' efforts to reform him make a fuller, older version of Rabbit's plan to unbounce Tigger.
The House at Pooh Corner + Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)
Barrie's Neverland is also a place of childhood that the children leave as they grow up; Peter refuses to grow up, while Christopher Robin goes off to lessons and asks only to be remembered.
The House at Pooh Corner + A Child's Garden of Verses
Stevenson's verses and Milne's hums both catch a child's view of play, weather and bedtime; Pooh's snowy Tiddely pom song can be read beside Stevenson's winter poems.
The House at Pooh Corner + The Velveteen Rabbit
Margery Williams's nursery toy becomes Real through a child's love, while Milne's toys live their own lives in a Forest that the boy visits and then leaves; both books end with a tender parting.
The Hundred Dresses + The Moffats
Estes's first book draws on the same Connecticut childhood and the same sympathy for a poor family, but where the Moffats are warm insiders in their town, Wanda is an outsider seen through a guilty classmate's eyes.
The Hundred Dresses + Number the Stars
Annemarie in Copenhagen and Maddie in Connecticut both learn that a friend's safety may depend on whether a bystander is willing to act; Lowry's story makes that choice a matter of life and death.
The Hundred Dresses + To Kill a Mockingbird
For older readers, Harper Lee's novel returns to the child who learns to see a mocked neighbor rightly; Scout's discovery of Boo Radley's gifts parallels Maddie's discovery of Wanda's drawings.
The Hundred Dresses + Anne of Green Gables
Anne, too, arrives poor and plainly dressed, longs for pretty dresses, and is judged by classmates before they know her imagination; Montgomery lets her stay and win her place, which Wanda never gets the chance to do.
The Idiot + Crime and Punishment
Written just before The Idiot, Crime and Punishment follows a man who kills to test a theory; The Idiot follows a man who will not harm anyone, and both novels end with a murderer facing Siberia.
The Idiot + The Brothers Karamazov
Alyosha Karamazov is Dostoevsky's later, more hopeful attempt at a good man in the world, a novice sent out by his elder rather than an innocent returning from a sanatorium.
The Idiot + Don Quixote
Dostoevsky named Cervantes's knight as the model of a positively good man in literature, and Aglaia hides Myshkin's note in a copy of Don Quixote and recites Pushkin's poor knight in his honor.
The Idiot + Les Misérables
Dostoevsky admired Hugo's novel; Bishop Myriel's mercy transforms a convict, while Myshkin's mercy cannot stop the tragedy around Nastasya Filippovna.
The Idiot + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Ippolit's rage at dying young and Tolstoy's account of a judge's last illness are two Russian studies of how a person faces certain, unwanted death.
The Iliad + The Odyssey
Homer's other epic follows the war's aftermath and a veteran's long return home.
The Iliad + Testament of Youth
Brittain's women's-eye account of the First World War continues the laments of Andromache and Hecuba for men killed in war.
The Iliad + The Nibelungenlied
A medieval Germanic epic of honour, revenge and the mass slaughter of heroes.
The Iliad + The Bhagavad Gita
Another epic dialogue on the battlefield, where a hero's hesitation to kill kin is overcome by divine counsel.
The Iliad + Troilus and Criseyde
Chaucer's love story set during the siege of Troy draws on the medieval Troy tradition descended from Homer's war.
The Iliad + Lysistrata and Other Plays
Aristophanes' women stop a war by refusing their husbands, a comic reversal of the Iliad's world where women are prizes of war.
The Innocence of Father Brown + The Screwtape Letters
Both books rest on the claim that a Christian who studies temptation closely sees through human evil; Lewis gives the tempter's view, Chesterton the confessor's.
The Innocence of Father Brown + Crime and Punishment
Dr. Harris's letter in The Wrong Shape, with its belief that a strong man is free to kill and its sudden collapse into remorse, condenses Raskolnikov's theory and breakdown into a few pages.
The Innocence of Father Brown + The Brothers Karamazov
Valentin in The Secret Garden is an atheist who kills to keep a fortune from the Church, a version of the question Dostoevsky asks through Ivan: what becomes of morality when God is denied.
The Innocence of Father Brown + Pensees
Brown's defence of reason on Hampstead Heath and his distrust of the purely clever share Pascal's view that the heart has reasons and the mind must be humble, while insisting with him that faith is not opposed to thinking.
The Innocence of Father Brown + The Scarlet Pimpernel
Flambeau and Sir Percy Blakeney are Edwardian masters of disguise who fool everyone by acting the part people expect, one for crime and the other for rescue.
The Interpretation of Dreams + The Principles of Psychology
James's psychology, published nine years earlier, treats consciousness as a stream and is cautious about unconscious mental states; Freud makes the unconscious the larger circle of mental life and consciousness a sense organ for part of it.
The Interpretation of Dreams + The Varieties of Religious Experience
James and Freud both treat abnormal and private experience as evidence about the mind, but James judges religious states by their fruits while Freud interprets dreams by tracing them back to infantile wishes.
The Interpretation of Dreams + The Theban Plays
Sophocles' Oedipus the King is the literary keystone of Chapter V; reading the play beside Freud shows how much his argument rests on the tragedy of a man who did not know what he was doing.
The Interpretation of Dreams + Macbeth
In the Hamlet note Freud adds that Macbeth, written soon after, turns on the theme of childlessness; Lady Macbeth's sleepwalking is the kind of nocturnal disclosure of guilt that his theory tries to explain.
The Interpretation of Dreams + Civilization and Its Discontents
Thirty years later Freud extends the conflict between wish and censorship from the individual dreamer to culture itself, where instinctual renunciation is the price of civilised life.
The Interpretation of Dreams + The World as Will and Representation
Schopenhauer's blind, striving will working beneath consciousness and his essay on madness as a disturbance of memory anticipate Freud's unconscious wishes and repression, a debt Freud acknowledged only later.
The Interpretation of Dreams + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Burton catalogues dreams among the symptoms and causes of melancholy within humoral medicine; Freud's dreams belong to a psychological system in which symptoms and dreams are both compromise formations.
The Jewish War + Jewish Antiquities
Antiquities retells Jewish history on a larger chronological canvas, while The Jewish War concentrates on the revolt and Josephus' own generation.
The Jewish War + The Annals of Imperial Rome
Tacitus also writes imperial history through suspicion, faction and violence; his brief notice of Christians belongs to the Roman world Josephus helps illuminate.
The Jewish War + The Twelve Caesars
Suetonius' imperial biographies provide a different Roman frame for Vespasian, Titus and Nero, less military narrative than court portrait.
The Jewish War + The History of the Church
Eusebius uses Josephus as a source and folds the fall of Jerusalem into Christian providential history.
The Jewish War + The Bible
Josephus' Temple catastrophe reshapes the world in which later readers understand biblical prophecy, Jerusalem and Jewish-Christian memory.
The Journey of the Mind into God + Early Franciscan Sources
The Journey of the Mind into God can be compared with early-franciscan-sources to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
The Journey of the Mind into God + The Consolation of Philosophy
The Journey of the Mind into God can be compared with the-consolation-of-philosophy to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
The Jungle Book + The Call of the Wild
Buck goes from the human world to the wolf pack while Mowgli goes from the wolf pack to the human world; both stories make the law of club and fang or the Law of the Jungle a moral education.
The Jungle Book + The Wind in the Willows
Both books give animals speech and manners, but Grahame's river bank is a comfortable English society while Kipling's jungle is governed by hunger, danger and strict Law.
The Jungle Book + Aesop's Fables
Kipling inherits the fable's speaking animals with fixed characters, but expands them into long adventures with growth and inner conflict.
The Jungle Book + Watership Down
Kotick searching for a safe island for the seals anticipates Hazel's search for a safe warren, and both authors give their animals a law, a language and a lore.
The Jungle Book + Captains Courageous
Kipling's later novel puts a spoiled boy among Gloucester fishermen as Mowgli is put among wolves: both learn manhood through work, obedience and the respect of a community.
The Jungle Book + Robinson Crusoe
Mowgli and Crusoe both live apart from society and master a wild place, but Crusoe brings his civilization with him while Mowgli is formed by the jungle.
The Koran + The Bible
Many of the same figures appear, Adam, Noah, Abraham, Joseph, Moses, Mary and Jesus, retold with distinct theological emphases.
The Koran + Confessions
Augustine's prayerful address to God and the Quran's direct divine voice offer two forms of intimate religious speech.
The Koran + The Bhagavad Gita
Both are scriptures in which God speaks directly, teaching duty, devotion and the meaning of death.
The Koran + Persian Letters
Montesquieu's Muslim travellers invoke Islamic belief and practice, filtered through eighteenth-century European understanding.
The Lais of Marie de France + Troilus and Criseyde
Chaucer's courtly romance and Marie's lais both explore secret love, fidelity and the pressures of society; Chaucer's 'Franklin's Tale' is itself presented as a Breton lai.
The Lais of Marie de France + Metamorphoses
Marie's transformations, the werewolf and the hawk-knight, and her tragic lovers echo Ovid; 'Laüstic' recalls the nightingale of Philomela.
The Lais of Marie de France + The Nibelungenlied
Contemporary medieval narratives of courtly society, one lyrical and magical, the other epic and violent.
The Lais of Marie de France + The Misanthrope and Other Plays
Molière's jealous husbands and guardians, like Marie's, try to imprison women and are outwitted.
The Last Battle + The Magician's Nephew
Digory and Polly saw Narnia sung into being by Aslan; in this book they watch him end it, and the stars that sang at the creation fall from the sky at his call.
The Last Battle + The Silver Chair
Jill and Eustace return together; the Queen of Underland argued that Aslan was a dream, while Shift keeps Aslan's name and fills it with a lie, and the Dwarfs end up as blind to the light as the enchanted travellers nearly were.
The Last Battle + The Bible
Revelation supplies the false prophet, the beast that deceives the nations, the falling stars, the sun darkened, the sea and the new creation; John 10 supplies the door, and Matthew 25 the separation of creatures to Aslan's right and left.
The Last Battle + The Republic
Digory says it is all in Plato: the old Narnia was a shadow or copy of the real one, as the visible world in the Republic is an image of the true forms, and the stable that is bigger inside than outside opens on the real country.
The Last Battle + The Pilgrim's Progress
Bunyan's pilgrims cross the river of death and are welcomed into the Celestial City with trumpets; Lewis's friends pass through the stable door and run further up and further in.
The Last Battle + The Screwtape Letters
Screwtape teaches that the devil works best by twisting good things; Shift does exactly that with Aslan's name, and Ginger and Rishda, who believe in nothing, discover too late that Tash is real.
The Last Days of Socrates + Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII
The Phaedrus extends the Phaedo's psychology of the immortal soul, and the Seventh Letter describes Plato's response to Socrates' execution.
The Last Days of Socrates + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Socrates' serene philosophical death contrasts with Ivan Ilyich's terror; both end with a kind of release.
The Last Days of Socrates + Meditations
Marcus Aurelius frequently invokes Socrates as a model of facing death and injustice calmly.
The Last Days of Socrates + Twelve Angry Men
Both show a jury deciding a man's fate; Rose's lone dissenting juror uses Socratic questioning to expose prejudice.
The Last Days of Socrates + The Bible
The trial and death of Jesus and of Socrates have been compared since antiquity as executions of innocent teachers.
The Last of the Mohicans + Ivanhoe
Cooper was often called the American Scott: both write historical romances of peoples in conflict, with captive heroines, sieges, disguises and a doomed love between a dark heroine and a man who marries her fair rival.
The Last of the Mohicans + The Song of Hiawatha
Longfellow drew on the same early ethnography that shaped Cooper's Delawares, and his poem likewise closes with an elegy for a passing Native world.
The Last of the Mohicans + The Sign of the Beaver
Speare's younger novel turns on a friendship between a white boy and a Native boy in the Maine woods, echoing Hawkeye's bond with Chingachgook and Uncas.
The Last of the Mohicans + The Scarlet Letter
Hawthorne and Cooper both used the early American forest as a place of danger and freedom outside the settled town, though Hawthorne's interest is moral and psychological rather than adventurous.
The Last of the Mohicans + The Iliad
Both works end with funerals and laments for a fallen young warrior; Chingachgook mourning Uncas recalls Priam and the Trojans mourning Hector.
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe + The Magician's Nephew
Written later but set earlier, it tells how the lamp-post, the wardrobe's wood and the White Witch came to Narnia and who the Professor was as a boy.
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe + Prince Caspian
The same four children return centuries later in Narnian time to find Cair Paravel in ruins and Aslan harder to see, testing the faith Lucy shows here.
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe + The Last Battle
The final Chronicle ends the world that this book opens, and its treatment of who remains a friend of Narnia looks back to the first coronation.
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe + On Fairy-Stories
Tolkien's essay names the eucatastrophe, the sudden joyful turn; the cracking of the Stone Table at sunrise is a vivid example, though Tolkien himself disliked the book's medley of creatures.
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe + The Pilgrim's Progress
Bunyan writes true allegory with a sinner's journey to the Celestial City; Lewis insisted Narnia was a supposal rather than an allegory, and the contrast clarifies what each kind of story does.
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe + The Screwtape Letters
Edmund's slide into betrayal through resentment, appetite and flattered pride follows the same small steps Screwtape recommends to his nephew.
The Little House + Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel
Burton's earlier book celebrates a steam shovel digging a cellar; in The Little House the same kind of machine cuts the road that brings the city, showing the author's double view of machinery and progress.
The Little House + Make Way for Ducklings
Another Caldecott-winning Boston picture book of the early 1940s in which small creatures must find a home amid city traffic, though McCloskey's ducks settle happily in the Public Garden.
The Little House + Little House in the Big Woods
Wilder's family lives in a cabin where the woods stretch for miles; both books measure time by the round of country seasons and treasure the security of a small home.
The Little House + Walden
Thoreau's chapters on the seasons and his complaint about the railroad passing Walden Pond are an adult counterpart to a house that watches the seasons until the trains arrive.
The Little House + The Velveteen Rabbit
Both picture books give feelings to a made thing that is worn down and nearly discarded, and both end with that thing given a new life through love.
The Little Prince + The Velveteen Rabbit
The Skin Horse's account of becoming Real through long love is close kin to the fox's teaching on taming: both books say that love makes a thing unique and that it takes time.
The Little Prince + The Phantom Tollbooth
Milo, like the prince, travels from one small kingdom to another and meets rulers and figures who each embody a single folly of adult thinking.
The Little Prince + Gulliver's Travels
Swift's voyages also satirize human pride through a series of visits to strange lands; the prince's six asteroids are a gentle, child-sized version of the same method.
The Little Prince + Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Both books set a clear-eyed child among adults whose reasoning makes no sense, though Alice's world is comic nonsense and the prince's ends in grief.
The Little Prince + Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)
Barrie's boy who will not grow up and Saint-Exupéry's narrator who never stopped thinking like a child both question what is lost in becoming a grown-up.
The Lord of the Rings + The Hobbit
Bilbo's comic magic ring becomes the One Ring, and the earlier book's light quest darkens into a war for the whole world; Tolkien rewrote the Gollum chapter of The Hobbit in 1951 to fit.
The Lord of the Rings + On Fairy-Stories
The lecture names the eucatastrophe, the sudden joyous turn, that Sam feels on waking at Cormallen, and defends escape and consolation as proper ends of fantasy.
The Lord of the Rings + Beowulf
Tolkien's Beowulf lecture praised the poem's northern courage that fights on knowing defeat; Théoden's last charge and the march to the Black Gate carry the same spirit, now set within a Christian hope.
The Lord of the Rings + The Last Battle
Tolkien's friend Lewis also ended a long fantasy with a world's ending and a passage West or further in; Lewis's Narnia closes with open Christian imagery, while Tolkien keeps his faith beneath the surface of a pre-Christian world.
The Lord of the Rings + The Pilgrim's Progress
Both follow a burdened traveller through perilous country with a faithful companion, though Tolkien disliked allegory and Frodo's burden, unlike Christian's, is never lifted by his own effort.
The Lord of the Rings + Paradise Lost
Saruman and Sauron, like Milton's Satan, are created beings who fell through pride; both works ask how evil can only mar and twist what was made good.
The Mabinogion + Le Morte d'Arthur
Malory's Arthur is the chivalric king of French romance; the Welsh Arthur of Kilhwch and Olwen and Rhonabwy is an older war-leader whose men include Kai and Bedwyr with superhuman gifts, and Owain, Peredur and Geraint appear in both books.
The Mabinogion + Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Gwalchmai is the Welsh Gawain. Both works test a knight's faithfulness through an otherworldly host, as Pwyll's chaste year in Arawn's bed parallels Gawain's temptation in Bertilak's castle.
The Mabinogion + The Story of King Arthur and His Knights
Howard Pyle's retelling for young readers shows the later, polished court of Camelot; reading it beside Peredur and Geraint shows how much of the Welsh strangeness was smoothed away.
The Mabinogion + Cuchulain of Muirthemne
Lady Gregory's Irish cycle is a near neighbour: both are Celtic hero-tales of bards, otherworld visits and fatal quarrels, and Branwen's war with Ireland touches the Irish world directly.
The Mabinogion + Metamorphoses
Gwion's flight from Caridwen through hare, fish, bird and grain, Gwydion's punishments and Blodeuwedd's change into an owl invite comparison with Ovid's stories of transformation as judgment or escape.
The Mabinogion + The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga)
Another medieval prose rendering of older heroic legend, with a cursed bride-winning, a betrayed hero and shape-changing, but where the Welsh tales often end in restoration the Norse saga drives to doom.
The Magician's Nephew + The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
The earlier book's lamp-post, White Witch, wardrobe and wise old Professor Kirke all receive their origins here.
The Magician's Nephew + The Last Battle
Narnia's creation in Aslan's song is matched by its ending in The Last Battle, where the stars fall and Digory and Polly return as old friends of Narnia.
The Magician's Nephew + Paradise Lost
Lewis, who wrote A Preface to Paradise Lost, borrowed Milton's garden, forbidden fruit and eloquent tempter; but Digory, unlike Eve, refuses.
The Magician's Nephew + The Bible
Genesis 1-3 underlies the singing creation, the naming and blessing of the beasts, the garden on the hill, and the entry of evil into a newly made world.
The Magician's Nephew + Frankenstein
Uncle Andrew, like Victor Frankenstein, pursues secret knowledge without regard for those he harms, and both books ask whether such knowledge excuses cruelty.
The Major Symptoms of Hysteria + Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System
The Major Symptoms of Hysteria pairs with this work because Charcot supplies the neurological clinic behind later hysteria and dynamic psychiatry.
The Major Symptoms of Hysteria + Studies on Hysteria
The Major Symptoms of Hysteria pairs with this work because Breuer and Freud turn hysteria toward memory, trauma, catharsis, and clinical narrative.
The Major Symptoms of Hysteria + The Varieties of Religious Experience
The Major Symptoms of Hysteria pairs with this work because James studies altered states, conversion, melancholy, and religious experience with psychological tact.
The Major Symptoms of Hysteria + The Psychology of Dementia Praecox
The Major Symptoms of Hysteria pairs with this work because Jung tries to interpret severe psychosis through complexes, meaning, and association experiments.
The Master and Margarita + We
Two Soviet-era masterpieces suppressed in their authors' lifetimes, one dystopian, one fantastical, both defending the individual against the collective.
The Master and Margarita + Candide: Or Optimism
Both use absurd episodes and a wandering, external perspective to satirize society and its ideologies.
The Master and Margarita + The Bible
Bulgakov rewrites the Gospel Passion narrative through Pilate's eyes, departing from it in pointed ways.
The Master and Margarita + Macbeth
Both portray a ruler's guilt-haunted conscience; Pilate's centuries of remorse and Macbeth's sleeplessness are punishments of the mind.
The Master and Margarita + White Nights
Two visions of the Russian city at night under the moon, one sentimental, one demonic.
The Meek One + White Nights
Two Dostoevsky monologues of lonely men in St Petersburg; the youthful dreamer of White Nights becomes, thirty years later, the embittered husband of The Meek One.
The Meek One + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Both use the presence of death to force a accounting for a life of pride and self-deception.
The Meek One + Effi Briest
Two portraits of very young wives married to older, rigid men whose coldness destroys them.
The Meek One + A Doll's House and Other Plays
Ibsen's Torvald and Dostoevsky's pawnbroker treat their wives as possessions to be shaped; Nora leaves, while the meek one dies.
The Merchant of Venice + Much Ado About Nothing
Both comedies nearly turn tragic before a disguise or a revelation sets things right, and both pair a witty heroine, Portia or Beatrice, with a man whose loyalty to a friend is tested.
The Merchant of Venice + The Taming of the Shrew
Two early comedies about a father's control over a daughter's marriage: Baptista auctions his daughters to suitors, while Portia's dead father binds her through the caskets, and Shylock loses Jessica entirely.
The Merchant of Venice + Romeo and Juliet
Written in the same years, both plays set lovers against a feud between groups, but Jessica and Lorenzo escape by flight and conversion while Romeo and Juliet die.
The Merchant of Venice + Henry V
Henry's Non nobis and his prayer before Agincourt give glory to God's mercy; Portia's speech makes mercy the likeness of God in earthly power, and both plays ask how a ruler or a court should temper justice.
The Merchant of Venice + The Pilgrim's Progress
Bunyan's Vanity Fair, where Faithful is tried by a court of hostile jurors, is a Puritan counterpart to the Venetian courtroom, and both test the gap between law and true judgment.
The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood + The Princess and the Goblin
Child-scaled courage with allies.
The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood + Treasure Island
Adventure fellowship under pressure.
The Metamorphosis + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Tolstoy's dying judge, like Gregor, becomes a burden whose family wishes the ordeal over; Ivan finds light and forgiveness at the end, while Gregor's last thoughts of love go unseen by anyone.
The Metamorphosis + Metamorphoses
Ovid's transformations usually fix a person's character in a new body as reward or punishment; Kafka's transformation has no stated cause and leaves Gregor's mind unchanged inside an alien form.
The Metamorphosis + Billy Budd and Other Stories
Melville's Bartleby, a clerk who stops working and slowly stops eating, is a close American cousin of Gregor; both stories show a dutiful world unable to understand a man who has withdrawn from it.
The Metamorphosis + Frankenstein
Victor's creature, like Gregor, has a feeling heart hidden by a frightening body and is driven away by the family he longs to love, as in the creature's episode with the De Lacey cottagers.
The Metamorphosis + Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
Both stories make a bodily transformation the occasion for questions about the self; Stevenson gives a chemical cause and a moral reading, while Kafka refuses to explain.
The Metaphysical Poets + Macbeth
Contemporaries of the early Donne; Shakespeare's late tragic verse shares the metaphysicals' compressed, paradoxical intensity.
The Metaphysical Poets + Troilus and Criseyde
Chaucer's courtly love and Donne's anti-courtly love poetry mark two poles of the English love lyric.
The Metaphysical Poets + The Complete Poems
Whitman's expansive celebration of the body and soul answers Marvell's 'Dialogue between the Soul and Body' in a different key.
The Metaphysical Poets + Confessions
Herbert's and Donne's direct addresses to God echo Augustine's prayerful, self-searching voice.
The Metaphysical Poets + Complete Poems
Parker's witty, death-haunted lyrics are a modern heir to the metaphysical blend of cleverness and despair.
The Misanthrope and Other Plays + Lysistrata and Other Plays
Aristophanes and Molière are the two great comic satirists of their traditions, mixing farce with attacks on public pretension.
The Misanthrope and Other Plays + Gulliver's Travels
Gulliver's final misanthropy recalls Alceste's; both satires ask whether hating humanity is a sign of wisdom or madness.
The Misanthrope and Other Plays + The Satires of Horace and Persius
Roman satire's mockery of social follies is a model for Molière's comedy of manners.
The Misanthrope and Other Plays + Candide: Or Optimism
Voltaire continued Molière's satire of physicians, philosophers and religious hypocrites.
The Misanthrope and Other Plays + Persuasion
Mary Musgrove's complaints and the valetudinarians of Bath descend from Molière's malade imaginaire.
The Moffats + The Hundred Dresses
Estes's 1944 story also takes place in a Connecticut town among children with little money, but turns from the Moffats' comedy to the cost of teasing a poor classmate.
The Moffats + Little Women
Both books follow four children and a hard-working mother keeping a cheerful, close household through money troubles while a war goes on far away.
The Moffats + The Boxcar Children
Four siblings again make a home with almost nothing, though the Aldens are orphans on their own while the Moffats have Mama at the center.
The Moffats + Homer Price
Two episodic books of small-town American comedy from the early 1940s, each chapter a self-contained misadventure with a child at its center.
The Moonstone + The Woman in White
Collins's earlier sensation novel also tells its story through a sequence of narrators and documents arranged like evidence in a trial; there a conspiracy is exposed by Walter Hartright and Marian Halcombe, here a theft by an experiment in physiology.
The Moonstone + The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
Cuff's attention to small facts anticipates Holmes, but Conan Doyle's stories center on a single brilliant reasoner, while Collins's truth emerges from many hands, including a doctor's assistant.
The Moonstone + Bleak House
Dickens's Inspector Bucket, introduced in 1852–53, is the other early English fictional police detective; both writers draw on the real detectives of the Metropolitan Police and set them among families with secrets.
The Moonstone + Tales (Selection)
Poe's Dupin tales of the 1840s supply the earlier model of the analytic detective; Collins expands the short puzzle into a full novel of character and society.
The Moonstone + Robinson Crusoe
Betteredge treats Defoe's novel as his oracle and opens his narrative by quoting it; reading the two together shows Collins's affectionate comedy and the Victorian household's place for a favorite book.
The Moonstone + The Mysterious Affair at Styles
Christie's first Poirot novel inherits the country-house setting, the domestic clues and the reconstruction of a night's movements that The Moonstone helped establish.
The Murder on the Links + The Mysterious Affair at Styles
Poirot's first case introduces Hastings as narrator, the country-house setting, and Poirot's little grey cells; The Murder on the Links moves the pair to France, adds a rival detective in Giraud, and gives Hastings a romance of his own.
The Murder on the Links + The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
Poirot and Hastings follow the pattern of Holmes and Watson, a brilliant detective and an admiring, less perceptive narrator; Giraud's devotion to physical traces parodies a crude version of the Holmesian method.
The Murder on the Links + Tales (Selection)
Poe's Dupin, like Poirot, beats an official investigator by reasoning about the criminal's mind rather than by searching harder, and both stories mock the police for ignoring what is in plain sight.
The Murder on the Links + The Moonstone
Collins's earlier novel, like Christie's, sets a professional detective against misleading appearances within a family, and lets love and loyalty conceal the truth.
The Murder on the Links + The Innocence of Father Brown
Chesterton's priest-detective solves crimes, as Poirot does, by understanding human nature; both writers show suspects whose guilt is only apparent.
The Mysterious Affair at Styles + The Murder on the Links
Poirot's second case, published in 1923, brings Hastings and Poirot to France and again turns on a crime staged to mislead the police.
The Mysterious Affair at Styles + The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
Christie models the pair of Poirot and Hastings on Holmes and Watson, with an admiring, slower narrator, though Poirot prizes psychology and order over Holmes's chemical experiments and disguises.
The Mysterious Affair at Styles + The Moonstone
Collins's country-house mystery also involves a narcotic secretly given, a misread night, and a family whose private secrets confuse the search for a stolen object.
The Mysterious Affair at Styles + The Innocence of Father Brown
Chesterton's priest-detective, like Poirot, is a small, unassuming foreigner to the police mind who solves crimes by understanding human nature.
The Mysterious Affair at Styles + Testament of Youth
Vera Brittain's memoir describes from inside the VAD nursing that Christie herself did and that Cynthia's dispensary work reflects.
The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket + Heart of Darkness
Both works turn exploration into a descent through imperial fantasy, unreliable narration and bodily dread; Poe moves south into whiteness, Conrad upriver into darkness.
The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket + Lord Jim
Conrad's maritime psychology gives sustained moral aftermath to the sort of shipboard panic and survival crisis that Poe renders as immediate ordeal.
The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket + Moby-Dick (Herman Melville)
Melville's whaling epic, outside this manifest, shares Poe's fascination with maritime encyclopedism, whiteness and the sea as a metaphysical threat.
The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket + The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories
Lovecraft inherits from Poe the documentary frame, the polar or oceanic unknown, and the technique of ending at the edge of unspeakable revelation.
The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket + Treasure Island
Stevenson makes sea adventure legible and morally shaped for younger readers, while Poe turns the same genre toward confinement, cannibalism and epistemic collapse.
The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket + Tales (Selection)
Poe's tales of 1839-1846, from the Dupin detective stories to The Fall of the House of Usher, followed his only novel; reading them beside Pym shows his range from sea adventure to ratiocination and Gothic terror.
The Natural History of Selborne + The Voyage of the Beagle
Darwin, who read White as a boy, takes the same habits of exact observation on a voyage around the world.
The Natural History of Selborne + The Burgess Bird Book for Children
Burgess teaches children bird habits through stories of one meadow; White does the same for adults by letters from one parish.
The Natural History of Selborne + Natural History: A Selection
Pliny compiles reports from the whole known world, often uncritically; White examines one parish and tests every report.
The Natural History of Selborne + On the Origin of Species
Darwin's theory rests on the kind of patient field observation White modeled, though White himself explains design by Providence.
The New York Trilogy + Don Quixote
Both works make reading produce behavior: Quixote acts out chivalric romance, while Quinn acts out detective fiction until role and self collapse.
The New York Trilogy + The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern Papers
James's narrators also turn interpretation into possession; Auster updates that ambiguity through noir, surveillance and metafiction.
The New York Trilogy + White Nights
Dostoevsky's lonely urban dreamer anticipates Auster's isolated walkers, though Dostoevsky treats fantasy with more sentimental tenderness.
The New York Trilogy + We
Both books use writing as evidence of a self under pressure, but Zamyatin's pressure is political transparency while Auster's is private disappearance.
The New York Trilogy + The Metaphysical Poets
Auster's conceptual games of identity and language share the metaphysical habit of turning thought itself into drama, though in prose noir form.
The Nibelungenlied + The Iliad
Both epics build tragedy from honor, wrath and heroic reputation, but Homer lingers on battlefield pity while The Nibelungenlied drives toward social annihilation.
The Nibelungenlied + The Odyssey
Odysseus survives through cunning and return, whereas Siegfried's heroic transparency and Kriemhild's public grief lead away from homecoming into revenge.
The Nibelungenlied + Wuthering Heights
Both works show love transformed into multi-generational revenge, with houses and kinship networks becoming instruments of punishment.
The Nibelungenlied + Macbeth
Macbeth and Hagen both inhabit worlds where violence done for power or loyalty triggers escalating bloodshed that no later courage can redeem.
The Nibelungenlied + Troilus and Criseyde
Chaucer's poem also filters older heroic material through medieval courtliness, but it replaces mass revenge with psychological irony and erotic disappointment.
The Nicomachean Ethics + The Republic
Plato designs a just city around the ordered soul; Aristotle studies virtue as habituated action within ordinary political life.
The Nicomachean Ethics + Meditations
Marcus’ Stoic exercises share Aristotle’s concern with character but differ on emotion, nature and external goods.
The Nicomachean Ethics + On Friendship
Montaigne’s essay gives an early modern personal version of the friendship Aristotle theorizes.
The Odyssey + The Iliad
The Iliad centers wrath and battlefield mortality; the Odyssey asks how a warrior returns from that world to household, marriage and civil order.
The Odyssey + The Nibelungenlied
Both are heroic epics, but Odysseus survives by flexibility and disguise while the Burgundian heroes die through rigid honor.
The Odyssey + Don Quixote
Both works define later narrative through wandering episodes, embedded stories and the tension between heroic imagination and social reality.
The Odyssey + The Aeneid (Virgil)
Virgil's epic, outside this manifest, adapts Odyssean wandering into a Roman poem of destiny, exile and empire.
The Odyssey + Treasure Island
Stevenson's adventure inherits the sea voyage, testing of youth and moralized danger, though without Homer's divine machinery.
The Old Man and the Sea + Beowulf
The Old Man and the Sea can be compared with beowulf to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
The Old Man and the Sea + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
The Old Man and the Sea can be compared with the-death-of-ivan-ilyich to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
The Old Man and the Sea + A Farewell to Arms
Hemingway's 1929 war novel shows the plain style and the code of endurance under loss already in place a generation before Santiago's struggle.
The Oresteia + The Theban Plays
Both tragic cycles ask whether inherited pollution can be understood or stopped, but Aeschylus ends with institutional settlement where Sophocles leaves wounds open.
The Oresteia + The Nibelungenlied
Both works escalate kin revenge until social order breaks, though the Oresteia imagines a civic exit from the cycle.
The Oresteia + Macbeth
Clytemnestra and the Macbeths share images of blood, rule and murder inside the household.
The Oresteia + Iphigenia in Aulis and Other Plays
Euripides's Iphigenia in Aulis dramatizes the sacrifice behind Clytemnestra's grievance in Agamemnon, and his Orestes follows the matricide's aftermath very differently from Aeschylus's Eumenides.
The Passions of the Soul + Meditations on First Philosophy
The Meditations prove the real distinction of mind and body; the Passions explains how the two nevertheless form one union, answering the problem Elisabeth raised about the Meditations' dualism.
The Passions of the Soul + Ethics
Spinoza adopts Descartes's project of a natural science of the emotions and his list of primary affects in modified form (desire, joy, sadness), but rejects free will and the pineal gland, ridiculed in the preface to Ethics Part V.
The Passions of the Soul + The Principles of Psychology
James's theory that emotion is the feeling of bodily changes makes the body still more primary than Descartes did, but both trace emotions through detailed descriptions of pulse, breathing, blushing and tears.
The Passions of the Soul + Galen: Selected Works
Descartes keeps Galen's vocabulary of animal spirits and the brain's ventricles while replacing Galenic faculties and humours with mechanical motion and heat.
The Passions of the Soul + Letters from a Stoic
Descartes and Elisabeth read Seneca together in 1645; Cartesian generosity, which values only what lies in our power, adapts the Stoic distinction between what is and is not up to us while rejecting the Stoic ideal of extinguishing passion.
The Passions of the Soul + A Treatise of Human Nature
Book II of Hume's Treatise, 'Of the Passions', also classifies direct and indirect passions and makes pride and humility central, but famously makes reason the slave of the passions, inverting Descartes's hope of rational mastery.
The Pearl + The Old Man and the Sea
Two poor fishermen win a great prize from the sea and lose it; Hemingway's Santiago keeps his dignity in defeat, while Kino gives up the pearl himself after losing his son.
The Pearl + Of Mice and Men
Steinbeck's earlier novella also builds on a dream of escape from poverty that ends in a killing; both are compact, scene-based and close to parable.
The Pearl + Cannery Row
Cannery Row grew from the same friendship with Ed Ricketts and the same love of tide pools and shore life, but treats poverty as comedy rather than tragedy.
The Pearl + Silas Marner
Eliot's weaver loses his hoarded gold and gains a child; Kino gains a treasure and loses his child. Both are moral fables about what wealth does to love.
The Pearl + The Pilgrim's Progress
Bunyan's Vanity Fair and Steinbeck's pearl buyers both show a marketplace that cheats and tempts; each book is a simple story meant to be read as allegory or parable.
The Persian Expedition + The Odyssey
Both are stories of Greeks trying to get home through a hostile world, but Homer's single hero becomes, in Xenophon, ten thousand men electing their leaders, and the gods' interventions are replaced by sacrifices, omens and logistics.
The Persian Expedition + The History of the Peloponnesian War
Thucydides narrates the war that produced Xenophon's unemployed hoplites; Xenophon later continued Thucydides in the Hellenica, but in the Anabasis he writes as a participant rather than an analyst detached from events.
The Persian Expedition + The Histories
Herodotus describes the Persian empire at its height invading Greece; Xenophon's march shows a small Greek force crossing the same empire from inside, with ethnographic notes on Carduchians and Mossynoeci that recall Herodotus's interest in strange customs.
The Persian Expedition + The Conquest of Gaul
Caesar and Xenophon both write about their own campaigns in the third person and use plain style to persuade; Caesar writes as an unquestioned commander building a career, Xenophon as an elected officer answerable to an assembly.
The Persian Expedition + The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives
Plutarch's Alexander crosses the same lands two generations later; the Anabasis was read as having revealed how vulnerable Persia was to a disciplined Greek army.
The Persian Expedition + Seven Pillars of Wisdom
T. E. Lawrence, who knew his classics, also narrates an irregular march through the Near East in which supply, endurance and the politics of a volunteer force matter more than set-piece battles.
The Phantom of the Opera + Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
Stevenson's and Leroux's tales both hide a monstrous figure inside a respectable city, Hyde in the London streets and Erik in the cellars of the Opera, and both are pieced together from witnesses' papers.
The Phantom of the Opera + Frankenstein
Like Shelley's creature, Erik is rejected for his appearance, learns brilliantly in solitude, and turns his longing for love into violence, though Erik is finally moved to release the woman he loves.
The Phantom of the Opera + Dracula
Both novels build Gothic terror from documents, a mysterious foreign expert (Van Helsing, the Persian) and a young man who must descend into the monster's dwelling to rescue the woman he loves.
The Phantom of the Opera + The Count of Monte Cristo
Dumas's Edmond Dantès and Leroux's Erik both live in hidden places, wield secret knowledge and wealth, and play the role of an invisible providence over Paris society, one for justice and the other for love.
The Phantom of the Opera + The Woman in White
Collins's sensation novel also tells its story through testimonies and turns on a young woman controlled by a powerful older man with a gift for manipulation.
The Phantom Tollbooth + Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Both send a bored child into a land run on puns and literal-minded logic, with absurd courts and officials; Alice wanders and finally rejects Wonderland's nonsense, while Milo is given a quest and restores order to the kingdom he visits.
The Phantom Tollbooth + The Pilgrim's Progress
The New Yorker's first reviewer made this comparison: like Christian, Milo walks a map of allegorical places, escapes a slough of despond in the Doldrums, and passes through perils named for faults of the mind on the way to his goal.
The Phantom Tollbooth + Gulliver's Travels
Swift's Laputa, whose scholars live in a floating island lost in abstract mathematics and music, is an ancestor of Digitopolis and the Castle in the Air; both books satirize learning cut off from practical sense.
The Phantom Tollbooth + The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
In both, an ordinary object in a child's house opens into another world, and the children return to find almost no time has passed; Lewis's Narnia is a land of sacrifice and redemption, Juster's Kingdom of Wisdom a land of learning and judgment.
The Phantom Tollbooth + The Dot and the Line (Norton Juster)
Juster's 1963 mathematical romance carries the Tollbooth's playful mingling of geometry and wordplay into a short picture book.
The Picture of Dorian Gray + Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
Stevenson's 1886 novella also gives a respectable gentleman a second self that carries his vices; Jekyll's double is a drug-made body, Dorian's a painted face, and both end in a death that unites the two.
The Picture of Dorian Gray + Frankenstein
Both books follow a young man whose wish to escape natural limits produces a creature, a monster or a portrait, that turns his own guilt back on him.
The Picture of Dorian Gray + Metamorphoses
Ovid's Narcissus, who falls in love with his reflection, is the classical pattern for Dorian kissing the painted lips and growing enamoured of his own beauty.
The Picture of Dorian Gray + Romeo and Juliet
Sibyl Vane plays Juliet on the night Dorian first sees her and on the night he rejects her; the contrast between Shakespeare's faithful lovers and Dorian's cruelty frames the novel's first tragedy.
The Picture of Dorian Gray + Confessions
Augustine's account of stealing pears for the pleasure of the sin and of his long delay in conversion offers a Christian anatomy of desire and repentance that can be set beside Dorian's refusal to pray.
The Picture of Dorian Gray + Tales (Selection)
Poe's Fall of the House of Usher and Masque of the Red Death share the novel's atmosphere of shut rooms, rare objects and a refined life haunted by corruption.
The Pilgrim's Progress + Robinson Crusoe
Providence under ordeal in a different narrative form and age.
The Pilgrim's Progress + Aesop's Fables
Plain moral narrative that names vices and virtues on the road.
The Portable Dorothy Parker + Complete Poems
The poetry volume isolates Parker's lyric craft, while the Portable shows how the same intelligence works across fiction, criticism and social satire.
The Portable Dorothy Parker + Passing
Both Larsen and Parker examine performance, race, gender and social surfaces in modern urban life, though Larsen's plot is more sustained and tragic.
The Portable Dorothy Parker + BUtterfield 8
O'Hara's urban social world shares Parker's interest in sex, alcohol, class and the emotional cost of metropolitan performance.
The Portable Dorothy Parker + The Waves
Woolf and Parker both write interior distress with formal precision, but Woolf expands consciousness into lyric architecture while Parker compresses it into social speech.
The Portable Dorothy Parker + Excellent Women
Pym and Parker both make comedy from women's constrained social roles, though Pym's irony is quieter and Parker's more acid.
The Portable Faulkner + Wuthering Heights
Both construct family tragedy through houses, inheritance, revenge and narrators who receive damaged stories from others.
The Portable Faulkner + 12 Years a Slave
Northup's memoir gives direct testimony to slavery's bodily facts, while Faulkner shows its afterlife in memory, property and racial terror.
The Portable Faulkner + The Scarlet Letter
Hawthorne and Faulkner both make communal guilt and symbolic stigma organize whole societies, though Faulkner's historical burden is slavery and race.
The Portable Faulkner + The Waves
Woolf and Faulkner both use modernist interiority, but Woolf's lyric patterning differs from Faulkner's historical density and oral violence.
The Portable Faulkner + East of Eden
Steinbeck's family saga also gives moral weight to inheritance, brothers and land, but with a more explicit biblical architecture.
The Portrait of a Lady + Washington Square
Both James novels study an heiress endangered by courtship, paternal or masculine control and the moral ambiguity of refusal.
The Portrait of a Lady + Daisy Miller
James again contrasts American female spontaneity with European codes, but Isabel's tragedy is longer, wealthier and more inward.
The Portrait of a Lady + The Scarlet Letter
Hawthorne and James both place a woman's moral life under intense social scrutiny, though James moves judgment into psychological realism.
The Portrait of a Lady + Effi Briest
Both novels examine marriage as social enclosure for women, with different national codes and different forms of punishment.
The Portrait of a Lady + Persuasion
Austen and James both dramatize second chances and female judgment, but James's social field is more cosmopolitan and morally shadowed.
The Power and the Glory + The Quiet American
Both Greene novels place flawed men in political danger, but The Power and the Glory is structured by sacrament while The Quiet American is structured by imperial intervention and betrayal.
The Power and the Glory + Heart of Darkness
Both move through oppressive heat, imperial or political violence and moral darkness, though Greene's frame is Catholic grace rather than metaphysical horror.
The Power and the Glory + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Tolstoy and Greene both strip respectable life down before death, forcing a confrontation between social identity and spiritual truth.
The Power and the Glory + The Bible
The novel repeatedly echoes Gospel reversals in which the sinner, criminal or outcast may be nearer grace than the righteous.
The Power and the Glory + A Burnt-Out Case
Greene again studies exhausted faith, bodily suffering and the ambiguity of charity in a colonial setting.
The Prince and the Pauper + Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Twain wrote the two books in the same years; both send a boy through a country's underside, and the King and the Duke in Huckleberry Finn are a comic shadow of Edward's claim to a crown no one believes.
The Prince and the Pauper + Utopia
Yokel's story of farms turned to sheep ranges and beggars whipped and hanged echoes Raphael Hythloday's complaint in Book I of Utopia that sheep devour men and that thieves are hanged for want of bread, written a generation earlier in the same England.
The Prince and the Pauper + Little Lord Fauntleroy
Burnett's poor American boy who becomes heir to an earl also moves between poverty and rank, and he too softens the heart of a powerful elder by his knowledge of the poor.
The Prince and the Pauper + Henry V
Shakespeare's king walks disguised among his soldiers the night before Agincourt; Edward is forced into the same position and learns what his subjects think of kings and laws.
The Prince and the Pauper + The Black Arrow
Stevenson's tale, published soon after, is another boy's adventure among outlaws and great lords of English history, with Richard of Gloucester in the part that Henry VIII and Hertford play here.
The Prince + The Art of War
The Prince's chapters on citizen soldiers versus mercenaries are compressed in a few pages; The Art of War develops the same conviction into a dialogue on drill, formation and a citizen militia modelled on Rome.
The Prince + Leviathan
Hobbes shares Machiavelli's low view of human nature and fear as the cement of order, but turns it into a theory of sovereignty by covenant, whereas Machiavelli offers advice for winning and keeping a particular state without any account of legitimacy.
The Prince + The Arthashastra
Kautilya's Indian manual of statecraft anticipates Machiavelli's spies, alliances and calculated ruthlessness by nearly two millennia, but embeds them in a far more detailed administrative system and an explicit duty to the welfare of subjects.
The Prince + The Social Contract
Rousseau called The Prince 'the book of republicans', reading it as a warning to peoples about what princes do; setting his general will beside Machiavelli's fear-based rule sharpens the question of who the book is really written for.
The Prince + The Twelve Caesars
Chapter XIX's survey of emperors from Marcus Aurelius to Maximinus draws on the same Roman history of murdered rulers that Suetonius tells as biography; Machiavelli converts the anecdotes into rules about avoiding hatred and contempt.
The Princess and Curdie + The Princess and the Goblin
The first book ends with the goblins defeated and Curdie a hero; the sequel begins with Curdie grown dull and doubting, so his real adventure starts with his own repentance.
The Princess and Curdie + The Wise Woman (A Double Story)
MacDonald's other tale of a mysterious wise woman who appears in many shapes and leads selfish children through painful tests toward goodness.
The Princess and Curdie + The Pilgrim's Progress
Both journeys move a young traveller through a proud and hostile city toward a royal court, with trust and obedience as the way.
The Princess and Curdie + The Faerie Queene, Book I
Spenser's Redcrosse Knight and Curdie both fight evil in a corrupt house with the help of a heavenly lady, and both must learn to tell true from false.
The Princess and Curdie + The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
Lewis, who called MacDonald his master, gives Aslan some of the old princess's qualities: a holy presence who is both terrible and kind, and who heals through suffering.
The Princess and Curdie + On Fairy-Stories
Tolkien's essay on fantasy as recovery and consolation helps explain how MacDonald uses a fairy tale to say serious things about sin and grace.
The Princess and the Goblin + The Blue Fairy Book
Shorter wonder tales beside MacDonald’s sustained fairy novel.
The Princess and the Goblin + Heidi
Mountain childhood with moral formation, different tone.
The Principles of Psychology + The Varieties of Religious Experience
The Principles studies the normal mind with occasional pathology; the Varieties turns the same empirical method to conversion, mysticism and the sick soul, and uses the subconscious self that Volume I treats under divided consciousness.
The Principles of Psychology + An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Locke's association of ideas and his account of personal identity as continuity of consciousness are the starting points that James revises, replacing discrete ideas with a stream and treating identity as a felt continuity rather than a substance.
The Principles of Psychology + A Treatise of Human Nature
Hume found only a bundle of perceptions when he looked for a self; James agrees there is no soul-substance on view but argues that thoughts are felt as warmly and intimately belonging together in one personal stream.
The Principles of Psychology + Meditations on First Philosophy
Descartes's thinking thing is a substance known with certainty; James keeps consciousness at the centre but treats it as a function with biological purposes, open to experiment and selective in what it notices.
The Principles of Psychology + The Interpretation of Dreams
Nine years later Freud builds a theory of unconscious wishes; James, though interested in subconscious selves from Janet's cases, is wary of unconscious ideas and prefers to speak of brain processes and split-off consciousness.
The Principles of Psychology + The Passions of the Soul
Descartes explains emotions as motions of animal spirits that the soul perceives; James's theory in Volume II also makes bodily changes primary, though he reverses common sense by making the feeling of those changes the emotion itself.
The Psychology of Dementia Praecox + Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias
The Psychology of Dementia Praecox pairs with this work because Bleuler revises Kraepelin by emphasizing schizophrenia, association, affect, and heterogeneity.
The Psychology of Dementia Praecox + Lectures on Clinical Psychiatry
The Psychology of Dementia Praecox pairs with this work because Kraepelin shows the later course-based diagnostic method that reorganized psychiatric categories.
The Psychology of Dementia Praecox + The Interpretation of Dreams
The Psychology of Dementia Praecox pairs with this work because Freud makes dreams and unconscious meaning central to psychological explanation.
The Psychology of Dementia Praecox + The Major Symptoms of Hysteria
The Psychology of Dementia Praecox pairs with this work because Janet provides a dissociation-centered alternative for hysteria and traumatic memory.
The Quiet American + Heart of Darkness
Both use a European narrator in a imperial war zone to expose imperial self-deception, though Greene's critique focuses on Cold War innocence.
The Quiet American + The Power and the Glory
Both Greene novels test claims of detachment or purity against bodies in danger and men who act from mixed motives.
The Quiet American + A Burnt-Out Case
Greene again places a morally exhausted European in a colonial setting where suffering defeats easy ideological explanation.
The Quiet American + Testament of Youth
Brittain's memoir and Greene's novel both insist that political ideals be measured against wounded bodies, grief and civilian cost.
The Quiet American + The Underdogs
Azuela and Greene both depict revolution as morally muddy, locally specific and resistant to outsider simplification.
The Railway Children + Five Children and It
Nesbit's earlier book also sends a family of children into the country, but it gives them a magical wish-granting creature; here the adventures come from the railway and ordinary courage.
The Railway Children + Little Women
In both, a father is absent, a mother keeps the family together on little money, and the eldest girl grows up through care for others.
The Railway Children + The Secret Garden
Both books move children from comfort or neglect into country life where they find friends and help heal someone else.
The Railway Children + Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates
Two poor families with a father lost to them, one by injury and one by false imprisonment, and children whose loyalty and work help bring him back.
The Railway Children + The Wind in the Willows
Written in the same Edwardian years, both books love the English countryside, but Grahame's riverbank resists the modern world while Nesbit's children fall in love with the railway.
The Raven + The Odyssey
The speaker's plea for nepenthe recalls Book 4 of the Odyssey, where Helen mixes an Egyptian drug into the wine to banish grief; the Homeric remedy works, while Poe's speaker is denied it.
The Raven + My Last Duchess
Both poems center on a dead woman who exists only in the speaker's words, and both reveal a disordered mind through a single monologue, though Browning's duke is calm and the student is frantic.
The Raven + Because I could not stop for Death
Dickinson treats death as a courteous visitor and an unhurried journey, a striking contrast to Poe's ominous midnight intruder.
The Raven + The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket
Poe's only novel shares the poem's interest in dread, mounting terror, and the limits of knowledge, at far greater length.
The Raven + Tales (Selection)
The six tales in the library's Poe selection date from the same years as The Raven (1845); The Fall of the House of Usher and The Tell-Tale Heart share the poem's haunted first-person speaker and Poe's aim of a single, unified effect.
The Real Mother Goose + A Child's Garden of Verses
Stevenson’s authored childhood lyrics beside anonymous folk rhyme—both train the ear.
The Real Mother Goose + Black Beauty
Another formative children’s classic, in prose rather than verse.
The Red Badge of Courage + The Iliad
Henry dreams of Greek-like struggles before he enlists; Homer's warriors also feel panic and flight, but they win glory in single combat, while Crane's youth is a nameless member of a regiment who fights blinded by smoke.
The Red Badge of Courage + Lord Jim
Jim jumps from the Patna and Henry runs from the firing line; both young men spend the rest of their stories trying to master one moment of fear, and both books ask whether a later act can redeem it.
The Red Badge of Courage + Across Five Aprils
Irene Hunt shows the same war from an Illinois farm, through letters and news from the front; Crane stays on the battlefield and never returns Henry to the home his mother kept.
The Red Badge of Courage + Personal Memoirs
Grant writes as the general who sees the whole campaign; Crane's private never learns where he is, what the battle is for or how it ends, and the gap between the two views is the point of the novel.
The Red Badge of Courage + Henry V
Shakespeare's king rallies frightened men with a speech about honor on St Crispin's Day; Henry Fleming is rallied instead by an overheard insult, the mule drivers remark, and by love of the flag.
The Republic + The Last Days of Socrates
The Republic develops the Socratic ethical mission dramatized by the trial and death dialogues.
The Republic + The Arthashastra
Both imagine disciplined rule, education and hierarchy, but Plato grounds politics in moral psychology while Kautilya emphasizes statecraft.
The Republic + We
Zamyatin’s dystopia turns rational social design into a nightmare, a modern counterpoint to Platonic planning.
The River War + Heart of Darkness
Published the same year, Conrad's novella turns a river journey into Africa into a searching critique of imperial pretension; Churchill's Nile is a highway of progress, Conrad's Congo a passage into moral darkness, though both books record atrocity.
The River War + Seven Pillars of Wisdom
Lawrence's war in Arabia, two decades later, also pits British officers, railways and Arab irregulars against each other in desert campaigns, but Lawrence attacks the railway that Churchill celebrates building.
The River War + The Histories
Churchill's opening on the Nile's geography and its peoples recalls Herodotus's Book II on Egypt, and both historians mix ethnography with campaign narrative.
The River War + The Conquest of Gaul
Both are campaign histories by ambitious young men who took part and used their books to build political careers; Caesar commanded, Churchill rode as a subaltern, and both write a cool, confident prose that frames conquest as order.
The River War + The Persian Expedition
Xenophon's Greeks march home through hostile country without supplies; Kitchener's army advances with a railway behind it. Together they show how logistics shaped campaigns from antiquity to the industrial age.
The Road Not Taken + Ulysses
Tennyson's aging hero resolves to keep traveling toward an untraveled world, while Frost's traveler looks back on a single fork; one poem celebrates resolve, the other examines how we narrate a decision.
The Road Not Taken + The Pilgrim's Progress
Bunyan's Christian must keep to the strait and narrow way and avoid the byways that tempt him, a world where the right road is clearly marked; Frost's roads are morally indistinguishable.
The Road Not Taken + If—
Kipling's poem, published a few years earlier, gives confident advice about choosing and enduring, whereas Frost withholds advice and lets the reader notice the gap between choice and later story.
The Road Not Taken + Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey
Wordsworth also revisits a place in memory and reflects on how a past self differs from the present one; Frost compresses that Romantic retrospection into a prediction about a future retelling.
The Road Not Taken + Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain Interval
The Road Not Taken opens Mountain Interval (1916), one of the three early books gathered in the library's Frost volume; beside Mending Wall, Birches and The Death of the Hired Man it shows the same plain New England speech turned toward choice, memory and neighbourliness.
The Rule of St Benedict + Early Christian Lives
The Lives celebrate charismatic desert ascetics; Benedict translates ascetic ideals into stable communal governance.
The Rule of St Benedict + Early Christian Writings: The Apostolic Fathers
Both use rules and exhortation to form Christian communities, but Benedict writes for enclosed monastic life.
The Rule of St Benedict + Meditations
Both rely on disciplined daily practice, though Benedict makes discipline communal and liturgical rather than imperial and private.
The Satires of Horace and Persius + Gulliver's Travels
Swift shares Roman satire's bodily disgust and moral diagnosis, but turns the method toward travel fiction and political anatomy.
The Satires of Horace and Persius + Candide: Or Optimism
Voltaire's philosophical satire, like Horace, attacks systems through comic episodes, but its violence is faster and more corrosive.
The Satires of Horace and Persius + Meditations
Persius's Stoic moral medicine resonates with Marcus Aurelius, though Marcus writes self-address while Persius writes public rebuke.
The Satires of Horace and Persius + Essays
Plutarch and Horace both make ethics practical and social, treating character as something formed in habits, friendships and daily choices.
The Satires of Horace and Persius + The Misanthrope and Other Plays
Moliere inherits the satiric interest in social folly, self-deception and the comic exposure of excessive moral postures.
The Scarlet Letter + The Portrait of a Lady
Both novels study a woman's moral agency under social scrutiny, though Hawthorne uses romance symbolism and James uses psychological realism.
The Scarlet Letter + Washington Square
Hester and Catherine Sloper both endure judgment and male control, but Hester's stigma is public and theological while Catherine's is domestic and financial.
The Scarlet Letter + Wuthering Heights
Both novels use intense passion and social transgression to reshape families across generations, though Hawthorne's mode is symbolic Puritan romance.
The Scarlet Letter + Frankenstein
Both works turn secrecy and guilt into bodily and social catastrophe, with an isolated figure becoming the visible sign of hidden wrongdoing.
The Scarlet Letter + Passing
Both novels analyze stigma, social reading and identity under surveillance, though Larsen's focus is racial passing in modern urban life.
The Scarlet Pimpernel + A Tale of Two Cities
Both novels set English and French characters against the Paris of the Terror, and both end with a rescue from the guillotine's reach; Dickens's Sydney Carton dies for others, while Orczy's Percy escapes in triumph.
The Scarlet Pimpernel + The Count of Monte Cristo
Both heroes hide their true selves behind assumed identities and vast wealth, but Dantès works for revenge and Percy for rescue.
The Scarlet Pimpernel + The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood
Like Robin Hood, Percy leads a band of loyal companions, delights in disguises and outwits a powerful official with cheerful daring.
The Scarlet Pimpernel + The Innocence of Father Brown
Chesterton's dumpy little priest and Orczy's lazy dandy are both underestimated by everyone around them, and both hide sharp minds behind harmless faces.
The Screwtape Letters + The Pilgrim's Progress
Bunyan shows the pilgrim's road from the traveler's side; Lewis shows the same road from the tempter's office, with Screwtape's gradual slope answering Bunyan's By-path Meadow.
The Screwtape Letters + Paradise Lost
Lewis's own Preface to Paradise Lost argued that Milton's Satan is absurd and self-deceived rather than heroic, and Screwtape is that argument dramatized as a vain, bureaucratic devil.
The Screwtape Letters + The Divine Comedy
Dante's Hell is ordered by kinds of sin; Lewis's is ordered like a government office, and both treat damnation as the soul's own chosen shrinking.
The Screwtape Letters + The Brothers Karamazov
Ivan's conversation with a shabby, ironic devil anticipates Screwtape's mixture of urbanity and pettiness, and both books treat the devil as a parasite on human pride.
The Screwtape Letters + Letters and Papers from Prison
Two Christian books of wartime letters, one fictional and comic from Oxford, one real from a Berlin cell, both asking how faith works amid air raids and fear.
The Screwtape Letters + Pensees
Pascal's diversion, the habit of filling life with distraction so as not to face God and death, is exactly the policy Screwtape urges in his first letter.
The Second Coming + Journey of the Magi
Eliot, writing a few years later, also sees the Nativity as the end of an old dispensation, but where Yeats fears what the next birth will bring, Eliot's magus is unsettled by the birth that has already happened.
The Second Coming + Ozymandias
Both poems set a colossal stone figure in an empty desert; Shelley's is a fallen king half sunk in sand, Yeats's a living shape with a lion's body rising to power.
The Second Coming + The Tyger
Blake and Yeats each end with a fearful question about a beast, Blake asking who could frame the tiger and Yeats asking what rough beast is about to be born.
The Second Coming + The Bible
The poem depends on Matthew 24, Christ's discourse on the signs of his return, and on the beasts of Revelation 13, inverting the hope of the first and borrowing the dread of the second.
The Secret Garden + Little Women
Both are children's classics about moral growth within domestic life, but Burnett focuses more directly on illness, environment and bodily restoration.
The Secret Garden + Black Beauty
Both books teach care through attention to dependent living beings, though Sewell centers animal suffering and Burnett centers children and plants.
The Secret Garden + Jane Eyre (Charlotte Bronte)
Bronte's novel, outside this manifest, shares the Gothic house, orphan heroine and hidden suffering, but Burnett converts Gothic secrecy into healing.
The Secret Garden + David Copperfield
Dickens and Burnett both make childhood neglect morally legible, though Burnett's cure is pastoral and therapeutic.
The Secret Garden + The Portrait of a Lady
Both contrast confinement and freedom through houses and gardens, but Burnett gives restoration where James gives moral ambiguity.
The Secret Garden + A Little Princess
Burnett's A Little Princess (1905) gives Sara Crewe, like Mary Lennox, a childhood in India and a sudden change of fortune in England, met this time with imagination and courtesy in a London boarding school.
The Sickness Unto Death + Fear and Trembling
Johannes de silentio of Fear and Trembling admires faith from outside and cannot make its movement; Anti-Climacus writes from within an exacting Christianity and defines faith with a precise formula.
The Sickness Unto Death + Pensees
Pascal's wretchedness of man without God and his diversion that hides it from ourselves anticipate Anti-Climacus's despair concealed by busyness and contentment.
The Sickness Unto Death + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Burton's religious melancholy and despair of salvation are humoral diseases with remedies; Anti-Climacus treats despair as a sickness of spirit that no medicine can reach, though he borrows the physician's stance.
The Sickness Unto Death + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Tolstoy's judge lives a pleasant, proper life that turns out to have been despair in Anti-Climacus's sense, unconscious of having a self, until a fatal illness forces the question.
The Sickness Unto Death + The Varieties of Religious Experience
James's sick soul, who cannot ignore evil and must be twice-born, is a psychological portrait of the condition that Anti-Climacus analyses dialectically; James describes cases while Kierkegaard constructs the structure of the self.
The Sickness Unto Death + The Bible
The raising of Lazarus in John 11 supplies the title and the governing contrast between a sickness that ends in death and one that does not.
The Sign of the Beaver + Robinson Crusoe
Matt reads Defoe's novel aloud to Attean, and Speare's story answers it: here the castaway survives only because a native boy teaches him, and the two meet as equals instead of master and servant.
The Sign of the Beaver + My Side of the Mountain
Sam Gribley and Matt both live alone in northeastern woods, make snares and hooks, and face a winter; Sam chooses solitude, while Matt is left alone and is rescued from it by friendship.
The Sign of the Beaver + The Courage of Sarah Noble
Sarah is also left in a new settlement while her father fetches the family, and she too is befriended by Native children and learns to keep up her courage while she waits.
The Sign of the Beaver + The Bronze Bow
In Speare's earlier novel Daniel learns to see a Roman soldier as a person; Matt learns to see Attean and his grandmother not as the Indians of Ben's tales but as people with their own grief and law.
The Sign of the Beaver + Little House in the Big Woods
Both show frontier families in the northern forest living by smoking meat, trapping and storing food for winter, and both place a bear at the center of a memorable episode.
The Silver Chair + The Voyage of the Dawn Treader
The previous book turned Eustace from a sneering boy into a friend when Aslan peeled away his dragon skin; here he brings that change to Experiment House, and the young King Caspian of the voyage returns as a dying old man.
The Silver Chair + The Republic
The Queen of Underland argues, like a jailer in Plato's cave, that the sun is only an imagined copy of her lamp; Puddleglum answers that the world he remembers is better than the cave, whatever she says.
The Silver Chair + The Princess and the Goblin
George MacDonald, whom Lewis called his master, also sent children through mountain tunnels into a kingdom of underground creatures, with a guiding thread from a wise grandmother in place of Aslan's Signs.
The Silver Chair + The Pilgrim's Progress
Christian and Hopeful leave the King's Highway for the easier By-path Meadow and fall into Giant Despair's dungeon; Jill and Eustace leave off the Signs for the comfort of Harfang and fall among giants who would eat them.
The Silver Chair + The Last Battle
Jill and Eustace return together in the final Chronicle, and the Narnia beyond death that they glimpse when Caspian is made young on Aslan's mountain opens fully there.
The Silver Chair + The Odyssey
Like Odysseus in the Cyclops's cave, the travellers at Harfang discover that their giant hosts plan to eat them and must escape by cunning.
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. + A Christmas Carol
Irving's Christmas Day and Christmas Dinner sketches celebrate holiday hospitality from the outside as a traveler's observation; Dickens turns the same warmth into a conversion story about a miser.
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. + Henry IV, Part 1
Crayon's pilgrimage to the Boar's Head Tavern in Eastcheap goes looking for the scene of Falstaff's revels with Prince Hal and finds only relics and a sexton's gossip.
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. + The Scarlet Letter
Hawthorne's Custom-House preface, like Knickerbocker's papers, frames a tale of the American past with a found document; both writers gave their regions a usable legendary history.
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. + The Last of the Mohicans
Cooper's frontier romance and Irving's Traits of Indian Character and Philip of Pokanoket both portray the Indian nations of the Northeast with sympathy and with a sense of loss.
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. + The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Brom Bones's prank on Ichabod and Tom's tricks in St. Petersburg belong to the same tradition of American village comedy built on boasting, superstition and practical jokes.
The Social Contract + Leviathan
Hobbes and Rousseau both start from a covenant of total surrender, but Hobbes hands power to a separate sovereign who represents the people, whereas Rousseau makes the people itself sovereign and denies that sovereignty can be represented at all.
The Social Contract + Second Treatise of Government
Locke's contract protects pre-political rights of property and allows resistance to a government that breaches its trust; Rousseau demands total alienation of rights to the community and treats property as a creation of the civil state.
The Social Contract + The Republic
Plato and Rousseau both want a polity that shapes souls and both rely on a founder and on useful myths; but Plato gives rule to philosophers, while Rousseau gives sovereignty to all citizens and confines the wise Legislator to a founding moment.
The Social Contract + The Prince
Rousseau's Legislator, who must invoke the gods to persuade a people, echoes Machiavelli's armed founders such as Moses and Romulus; Rousseau reportedly read The Prince as a lesson to peoples rather than to princes.
The Social Contract + Confessions
The Confessions narrate the Venice embassy where Rousseau first conceived Political Institutions and the persecution that followed publication, giving the autobiographical side of the theory's austere civic ideal.
The Song of Hiawatha + Paul Revere's Ride
Longfellow's other great American legend in verse: both turn local tradition into national myth, one from New England's Revolution, one from the Great Lakes, and both rely on a strong, insistent rhythm meant to be read aloud.
The Song of Hiawatha + The Last of the Mohicans
Cooper's 1826 novel and Longfellow's poem are the two most influential nineteenth-century American portrayals of Native heroes, and both close with an ending and a westward passing.
The Song of Hiawatha + Kalevala (Elias Lönnrot, comp.)
Longfellow borrowed the trochaic measure, the parallel repetitions and the shape of a folk-epic assembled from many songs from the Finnish epic, whose hero Väinämöinen also departs over the water at the end.
The Song of Hiawatha + The Aeneid
Both national epics end with a vision of a future people; Virgil's hero founds Rome, while Hiawatha foresees the coming of the settlers and hands his people over to new teachers.
The Song of Hiawatha + Beowulf
Both heroes clear the land of monsters, from Grendel to the great sturgeon and Pearl-Feather, and both poems are steeped in grief for lost companions.
The Song of Hiawatha + The Sign of the Beaver
A twentieth-century children's novel set among the Penobscot in Maine that, like Hiawatha, turns on hospitality and teaching across the line between Native and settler peoples.
The Song of Roland + Beowulf
The Song of Roland can be compared with beowulf to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
The Song of Roland + The Aeneid
The Song of Roland can be compared with the-aeneid to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
The Song of Roland + Legends of Charlemagne
Bulfinch's 1863 retelling follows Roland and the other paladins through the later Italian romances of Boiardo and Ariosto and tells the Roncevaux story for American readers.
The Souls of Black Folk + Up from Slavery
Washington's autobiography presents the Tuskegee program in his own words; Chapter III of Du Bois's book replies to it directly, so the pair gives both sides of the debate over industrial and higher education.
The Souls of Black Folk + Atlanta Exposition Address
The 1895 speech is the Atlanta Compromise that Du Bois analyzes and contests in Chapter III; reading the speech first lets students judge whether his summary of it is fair.
The Souls of Black Folk + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Douglass, writing a half-century earlier, also links literacy to freedom and speaks to a white audience about the nation's ideals; Du Bois carries the argument into the era after emancipation.
The Souls of Black Folk + Uncle Tom's Cabin
Stowe's novel used fiction to move white readers before the Civil War; Du Bois's Of the Coming of John uses a short story for a similar purpose inside a book of essays, and both lean on spirituals and Christian hope.
The Souls of Black Folk + Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail
King's letter, like Du Bois's chapter on Washington, argues against counsels of patience and appeals to the nation's founding ideals and to Scripture.
The Spirit of the Laws + Persian Letters
Montesquieu's own epistolary novel of 1721, in which Usbek's harem in Isfahan collapses into disorder while he travels in Europe, dramatizes the despotism ruled by fear that Books II–VIII and XVI later analyse in treatise form.
The Spirit of the Laws + The Federalist Papers
Federalist 47 quotes Book XI, chapter 6 and argues that Montesquieu, rightly read, does not forbid all partial mixture of powers; Federalist 9 answers Anti-Federalist use of his claim that republics must be small by citing his own praise of confederate republics in Book IX.
The Spirit of the Laws + Second Treatise of Government
Locke distinguishes legislative, executive and federative power and makes the legislative supreme; Montesquieu treats judging as a separate power and makes liberty depend on balance among the three rather than on the supremacy of one.
The Spirit of the Laws + The Founding Documents
The Constitution's three articles for Congress, President and courts, and its checks such as the veto and impeachment, put into written form the distribution of powers that Book XI found in England.
The Spirit of the Laws + Politics
Aristotle sorts constitutions by who rules and for whose good; Montesquieu sorts them by nature and principle and openly discusses Aristotle's classification of monarchies in Book XI, chapter 9.
The Spirit of the Laws + Democracy in America
Tocqueville, who acknowledged Montesquieu as a master, follows his method of reading laws through manners, religion and physical circumstances, and his concern with intermediate bodies as protections of liberty.
The Story of King Arthur and His Knights + Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
The medieval poem tests Gawain's courtesy and faith in a beheading game; Pyle's Gawaine is tested by a hard marriage and passes by courtesy.
The Story of King Arthur and His Knights + The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood
Pyle's earlier book uses the same archaic voice for a merrier outlaw world; the Arthur book is graver and more devotional.
The Story of King Arthur and His Knights + The Song of Roland
Both picture a Christian king and his sworn companions, but Roland's world is a war of loyalty to death while Pyle's is a romance of quests.
The Story of King Arthur and His Knights + Troilus and Criseyde
Chaucer's courtly love ends in betrayal and grief; Pellias's love for Ettard is likewise betrayed by a friend.
The Story of My Boyhood and Youth + Walden
Thoreau, whom Muir admired, also turns close observation of a lake, its birds and seasons into moral instruction; Thoreau writes as a chosen experiment in solitude near Concord, Muir as a boy set down on a working Wisconsin farm.
The Story of My Boyhood and Youth + Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack
Both are stories of a self-taught youth who reads in stolen hours, builds devices and leaves home to make his way; Franklin turns his habits into rules of conduct, Muir into a life of exploration.
The Story of My Boyhood and Youth + Up from Slavery
Washington and Muir both tell of hard manual labor in youth, a hunger for books, and a walk away from home toward a school that changes everything.
The Story of My Boyhood and Youth + The Story of a Soul
Both books open with nineteenth-century childhoods shaped by devout parents, and both find God in flowers; Therese treats herself as a little flower in God's garden, while Muir studies real ones as signs of the Creator's order.
The Story of My Boyhood and Youth + Life on the Mississippi
Twain's memoir of learning the river as a cub pilot is another American story of a young man's apprenticeship to a landscape.
The Story of My Life + Up from Slavery
Both books, published two years apart, tell of a hard-won education and a grateful debt to a great teacher: Washington's General Armstrong and Keller's Anne Sullivan.
The Story of My Life + The Story of My Boyhood and Youth
John Muir's boyhood memoir shares Keller's joy in the natural world learned through the senses, and her sense of learning as an adventure pursued against odds.
The Story of My Life + The True Story of My Life
Hans Christian Andersen's autobiography is another writer's story of rising from a poor start through the help of patrons and friends; Keller read and loved his tales.
The Story of My Life + The Pilgrim's Progress
Keller borrows Bunyan's Hill Difficulty in Chapter XX to describe her climb toward knowledge; both books picture life as a hard road toward light.
The Story of My Life + Twenty Years at Hull-House
Jane Addams and Helen Keller were both women of the same generation who turned an education into public service; Keller later wrote and spoke for causes Addams also supported.
The Story of My Life + Heidi
Heidi's return to the mountains restores the sick Clara; both books show a child's joy in nature and how one person's love can open another's life.
Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde + Frankenstein
Both stories turn on a scientist whose secret experiment produces a being he cannot control, but Frankenstein's creature is a separate person while Hyde is Jekyll himself.
Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde + Dracula
A decade later Stoker also used a mosaic of letters, diaries and narratives by professional men to uncover a monstrous figure hidden in respectable London.
Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde + Confessions
Augustine's account in Book VIII of two wills at war within him, one old and carnal and one new and spiritual, is the classic Christian treatment of the inner division Jekyll tries to solve with a drug.
Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde + The Screwtape Letters
Lewis, like Stevenson, shows how small indulgences and self-deceptions gradually capture a soul, though Lewis writes from the tempter's side.
Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde + Studies on Hysteria
Breuer and Freud, writing a decade later, built their account of hysteria on the splitting of consciousness, a clinical counterpart to the double life Stevenson imagined.
Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde + Treasure Island
Stevenson's earlier adventure also centres on a man of two faces: Long John Silver, whose charm and treachery are as inseparable as Jekyll and Hyde.
The Subjection of Women + On Liberty
On Liberty limits the power of society over the individual; The Subjection of Women applies the same principle to the household, arguing that no adult should be under the legal command of another.
The Subjection of Women + A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
Wollstonecraft in 1792 also attributes the apparent weaknesses of women to their education and argues for rational training; Mill adds a detailed legal critique of marriage and a case for the vote.
The Subjection of Women + The Republic
Mill cites Plato's teaching on the equality of the sexes; Book V of the Republic admits women to the guardian class on the ground that the difference of sex is irrelevant to ruling.
The Subjection of Women + Considerations on Representative Government
Mill's 1861 treatise argues for widening the franchise and counts difference of sex as no more relevant to political rights than difference of height; this book develops that case.
The Subjection of Women + A Doll's House and Other Plays
Ibsen's 1879 play stages the marriage Mill describes in Chapter II, in which a wife has no independent legal standing, and ends with Nora leaving to educate herself.
The Subjection of Women + Jane Eyre
Brontë's heroine insists that she has a soul and heart equal to Rochester's and will marry only as an equal, a fictional statement of the ideal of marriage Mill argues for.
The Swiss Family Robinson + Robinson Crusoe
Defoe's single castaway learns repentance alone; Wyss's household shares labor, worship and teaching from the first night.
The Swiss Family Robinson + Treasure Island
Both send boys to a tropical island, but Stevenson's is a scene of greed and mutiny while Wyss's is a schoolroom and a farm.
The Swiss Family Robinson + The Odyssey
Odysseus longs to leave his islands for home; the Swiss family turns its island into home and some choose never to leave.
The Sword in the Stone + Le Morte d'Arthur
Malory gives the sword in the stone in a brief episode with a written inscription and the boy Arthur sent to fetch a sword for Kay; White keeps the scene and invents the whole education that comes before it.
The Sword in the Stone + The Story of King Arthur and His Knights
Howard Pyle's retelling for young readers gives the same scene with grave medieval pageantry, while White makes Ector, Kay and Pellinore comic country gentlemen.
The Sword in the Stone + The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood
White's Robin Wood and Marian are a deliberate return to the greenwood outlaws of Pyle's Robin Hood, placed in Arthur's boyhood.
The Sword in the Stone + The Hobbit
Both books appeared in 1937-38 from English writers steeped in medieval literature, and both follow an unlikely hero guided by a wizard into a larger destiny.
The Sword in the Stone + The Republic
Plato designs an education to make rulers just; Merlyn's lessons in the moat and the mews are also an education for a future ruler, aimed against the rule of mere strength.
The Symposium + Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII
Both dialogues make eros a force that can degrade or elevate the soul toward beauty and truth.
The Symposium + On Friendship
Montaigne’s friendship is particular and mutual, unlike Diotima’s ascent from individual beauty to form.
The Symposium + Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair
Neruda’s erotic lyric remains bodily and personal, offering a modern counterweight to Platonic sublimation.
The Tale of Peter Rabbit + Aesop's Fables
Brief animal moral; Potter adds picture-book mercy.
The Tale of Peter Rabbit + Black Beauty
Animal life and human care at different scales.
The Taming of the Shrew + Much Ado About Nothing
Beatrice and Benedick's merry war of wit is a later, gentler version of Kate and Petruchio's verbal sparring, ending in marriage without any taming.
The Taming of the Shrew + A Midsummer Night's Dream
Both early comedies frame their action with performance: the mechanicals' play before the Athenian court and the players' comedy before Christopher Sly.
The Taming of the Shrew + The Merchant of Venice
Both turn on a father's control of his daughter's marriage, Baptista's rule of the elder first and Portia's father's caskets, and both feature disguise and a wager over wives.
The Taming of the Shrew + The Canterbury Tales
Chaucer's Clerk's Tale of patient Griselda, whom Petruchio names in Act 2, and the Wife of Bath's claim to rule in marriage stand on either side of Kate's final speech.
The Taming of the Shrew + Tales from Shakespeare
The Lambs' retelling of the play for children omits Christopher Sly and the Induction, presenting the taming plot alone.
The Tempest + A Midsummer Night's Dream
Both plays use a commanding spirit, Puck or Ariel, to sort lovers and enemies by magic, and both end by turning the audience's imagination back on itself.
The Tempest + King Lear
A storm, a wronged father and a loving daughter appear in both, but Lear's ends in grief, while Prospero holds the storm in his own hand and ends in reconciliation.
The Tempest + Essays
Gonzalo's ideal commonwealth in Act 2, Scene 1 closely follows Montaigne's essay Of Cannibals as translated by Florio.
The Tempest + Robinson Crusoe
Both stories make a castaway master of an island and of a native servant, Caliban or Friday, and raise the question of what rightful rule there would be.
The Tempest + The Odyssey
Shipwreck, an island ruled by a powerful enchanter and the long road home to a lost kingdom link Prospero's story to Odysseus's.
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall + Jane Eyre
Charlotte Brontë's Jane refuses to stay with Rochester while his wife lives, and Helen leaves Huntingdon to protect her son; both heroines act on conscience against a man they once loved, and both books end in a marriage of equals after trial.
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall + Wuthering Heights
Emily Brontë's novel also nests one narrative inside another and shows a household degraded by drink and violence in Hindley Earnshaw, but where Wuthering Heights leaves judgment open, Anne's narrator and diarist judge clearly by Christian standards.
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall + Villette
Charlotte Brontë's Lucy Snowe, like Helen, supports herself by her own work and keeps a guarded inner life under scrutiny, and both novels test Protestant faith by long solitude and disappointment.
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall + Middlemarch
Dorothea Brooke, like Helen, marries in idealistic hope and discovers her mistake; Eliot follows the inner experience of an unhappy marriage, Brontë its outward cruelties and the question of leaving.
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall + The Woman in White
Collins's sensation novel of 1859–60 also turns on a wife's legal powerlessness, as Sir Percival Glyde seeks to control Laura Fairlie's fortune, and uses diaries and documents to reveal what the husband conceals.
The Theban Plays + The Oresteia
Aeschylus moves inherited guilt toward trial; Sophocles presents knowledge and burial as crises no institution fully heals.
The Theban Plays + The Bacchae and Other Plays
Both Thebes cycles show rulers destroyed by resisting divine claims they think they can master.
The Theban Plays + Frankenstein
Both works turn inquiry into self-condemnation: the investigator discovers that the monster or pollution is bound to himself.
The Thirty-Nine Steps + Kidnapped
Stevenson's David Balfour also flees across the Scottish heather with enemies and soldiers behind him; Buchan, a great admirer of Stevenson, gives the same landscape to a modern fugitive with trains, motor-cars and an aeroplane.
The Thirty-Nine Steps + The Scarlet Pimpernel
Both heroes survive by disguise and by being underestimated, though Sir Percy plays the fool on purpose while Hannay succeeds by thinking himself into humble parts like the roadman.
The Thirty-Nine Steps + The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
Hannay's reasoning about the thirty-nine steps and the tide in Chapter IX follows Holmes's method of eliminating possibilities from small data, but Hannay is an amateur who must also run and fight.
The Thirty-Nine Steps + All Quiet on the Western Front
Buchan's novel ends seven weeks before the war that Remarque's soldiers endure in the trenches; reading them together sets the confident adventure of 1914 beside the experience of the front.
The Thirty-Nine Steps + Treasure Island
Like Jim Hawkins, Hannay narrates his own adventure in a brisk first person, and both stories turn on a document whose meaning the hero must work out before his enemies do.
The Three Musketeers + The Count of Monte Cristo
Dumas's other great serial of 1844: where the musketeers' revenge on Milady is a hurried night tribunal, Edmond Dantès spends years constructing his, and both novels end by questioning how far a man may act as God's instrument.
The Three Musketeers + The Scarlet Pimpernel
Orczy's league of English gentlemen rescuing aristocrats in 1792 borrows the musketeer pattern of secret oaths, disguises, a clever enemy agent and a hero who hides his daring behind a pose.
The Three Musketeers + Ivanhoe
Scott's novel taught Dumas's generation how to mix invented heroes with real kings and ministers; compare Richard the Lionheart's incognito with Buckingham's secret visit to the Louvre.
The Three Musketeers + Cyrano de Bergerac
Rostand's Gascon cadet of the 1640s, fighting with sword and wit and serving at the siege of Arras, is a theatrical cousin of d'Artagnan and shares his Gascon swagger.
The Three Musketeers + Don Quixote
D'Artagnan's arrival on a ridiculous yellow pony, armed with his father's chivalric advice, deliberately recalls the comic entry of a would-be knight; Chapter I calls him a Don Quixote of eighteen.
The Travels of Marco Polo + The Histories
Herodotus also describes the customs, wonders and wars of peoples beyond his own world, distinguishing what he saw from what he was told, nearly eighteen centuries before Marco.
The Travels of Marco Polo + Journey to the West (A Mission to Heaven)
Wu Cheng'en's novel retells the pilgrimage of the monk Xuanzang across Central Asia to India, the reverse of Marco's road, seen from the Chinese side.
The Travels of Marco Polo + The Persian Expedition
Xenophon's march through Mesopotamia and Armenia covers some of the same lands that open Book I, as a soldier's narrative rather than a merchant's survey.
The Travels of Marco Polo + The Voyage of the Beagle
Darwin's travel book, like Marco's, records natural products, peoples and landscapes for readers at home, but with a naturalist's method and a scientific question.
The Travels of Marco Polo + Gulliver's Travels
Swift parodies the traveller's book of marvels that Marco's account helped to create, with its distances, customs and claims to be believed.
The Travels of Marco Polo + The Arabian Nights Entertainments
The Nights and Book III share the world of the Indian Ocean trade, Hormuz, Ceylon and the giant bird that Marco calls the Gryphon or rukh.
The Trial of Joan of Arc + The Trial (Franz Kafka)
Kafka's modern legal nightmare offers opaque accusation without theological certainty; Joan's trial is equally procedural but anchored in war, gender, and claims of revelation.
The Trial of Joan of Arc + The Bible
Joan's judges and defenders both work inside biblical models of prophecy, obedience, and testing spirits; scripture supplies the courtroom's shared grammar.
The Trial of Joan of Arc + Early Christian Lives
Ancient martyr acts often stylize defiant answers before judges; Joan's transcript gives a later medieval version with more documentary texture and political pressure.
The Trial of Joan of Arc + The Varieties of Religious Experience
James helps modern readers think about voices and vocation, but Joan's record shows religious experience under interrogation rather than in reflective case history.
The Trial of Joan of Arc + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Burton's learned categories for enthusiasm and melancholy reveal how early modern writers might classify visions, while Joan's court used heresy and obedience as its main categories.
The Trial of Joan of Arc + Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind
Rush's medicalized explanations of mental disease contrast with the trial's theological-legal framework for judging voices, certainty, and behavior.
The Trial + The Metamorphosis
Both stories begin with a man waking to find his life overturned by something never explained; Gregor's change is bodily and private, Josef K.'s is legal and public.
The Trial + Bleak House
Dickens's Court of Chancery, where the case of Jarndyce and Jarndyce consumes lives without end, is an earlier picture of law as an endless maze; Dickens satirizes a real court, while Kafka's court has no real original.
The Trial + Billy Budd and Other Stories
Melville's Bartleby and Billy Budd both face an order of office and law that cannot understand them; Billy's trial, like K.'s, ends in a death that the system treats as necessary.
The Trial + Crime and Punishment
Raskolnikov knows his crime and the reader watches his conscience; Josef K. has no known crime, yet his anxiety and self-defense echo a guilt he cannot name.
The Trial + The Stranger
Meursault and Josef K. are both tried by courts that seem to judge the man rather than the deed; Camus admired Kafka and wrote an essay on his work.
The Trial + The Sickness Unto Death
Kafka read Kierkegaard, whose account of despair and of the single individual before God offers one religious frame for K.'s isolation before the Law.
The Trojan War + The Iliad
Chapters 11–18 retell the Iliad from the quarrel to the ransom of Hector, but Coolidge sets them inside the whole war, so readers meet the causes and the fall of the city that Homer only foreshadows.
The Trojan War + The Odyssey
The last chapters, Nestor at home, In the house of the swineherd and The bow is bent, condense Telemachus's journey and Odysseus's return to Ithaca from the second half of the Odyssey.
The Trojan War + Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad
Sutcliff's later retelling covers much of the same ground from the apple to the horse in a more elevated, Homeric prose; Coolidge's chapters are shorter and go on to the homecomings.
The Trojan War + The Aeneid
Virgil's Book II is the classic source for the wooden horse and the night of the sack that Coolidge retells in Chapters 26–27, told there from the Trojan side by Aeneas.
The Trojan War + The Oresteia
Aeschylus's Agamemnon dramatizes the king's murder on his return, the subject of Coolidge's Chapter 29, and traces it back to the sacrifice at Aulis that she tells in Chapter 5.
The True Story of My Life + Fairy Tales (Selection)
Andersen says his life is the best commentary on his works; the poor boy mocked for being different, the singer's longing for the stage and the honoured guest at court reappear in tales such as The Ugly Duckling and The Little Mermaid, which he discusses in Chapters VI and VII.
The True Story of My Life + Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)
Andersen visits Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm in Berlin in Chapter VIII; the Grimms collected German folk tales, while Andersen, as he explains in Chapter VI, soon came to invent his own stories.
The True Story of My Life + David Copperfield
Dickens, whom Andersen visited in 1847 and 1857, wrote his own half-hidden memoir of a poor, humiliated boy who becomes a writer; both books turn early suffering into a story of rescue by kind patrons.
The True Story of My Life + Up from Slavery
Washington and Andersen both rise from one-room childhoods through the help of patrons and schools; Washington stresses work and character, Andersen imagination and providence.
The True Story of My Life + Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack
Franklin also arrives in a capital city as a poor boy with a few coins and a bundle and tells his rise as an instructive story; Franklin credits his own industry, Andersen a loving God.
The Trumpet of the Swan + Charlotte's Web
In both White books a creature uses written words to change its fate, Charlotte's web messages for Wilbur and Louis's slate; but Louis must finally find a voice of his own in music.
The Trumpet of the Swan + Stuart Little
Stuart and Louis are both creatures with a handicap of nature who leave home and make their way through human cities, boats and hotels by courage and skill.
The Trumpet of the Swan + The Cricket in Times Square
Chester the cricket and Louis are animal musicians who become public performers in a big Eastern city before choosing to go back to the countryside.
The Trumpet of the Swan + Make Way for Ducklings
McCloskey's ducklings and White's swan both make their home in the Boston Public Garden, where the Swan Boats glide on the lagoon.
The Trumpet of the Swan + My Side of the Mountain
Sam Beaver and Sam Gribley are both boys who watch wild birds closely and love the wilderness; one keeps a journal of questions, the other a journal of how he lives.
The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern Papers + The New York Trilogy
Auster inherits James's obsession with watchers, documents and interpretive traps, translating them into postmodern detective fiction.
The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern Papers + The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories
Lovecraft and James both use documents and uncertain testimony, but James keeps horror psychological where Lovecraft makes it cosmic.
The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern Papers + Frankenstein
Both use framed manuscripts and questions of responsibility toward vulnerable beings, though James's danger lies in interpretation rather than creation.
The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern Papers + The Portrait of a Lady
James again studies consciousness under pressure, but the novellas are more compressed and morally claustrophobic.
The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern Papers + Dracula
Both use documents, sexuality and supernatural threat; Stoker multiplies witnesses while James traps readers inside unstable perception.
The Twelve Caesars + The Fall of the Roman Republic: Six Lives
Plutarch's lives give more moral and dramatic shape to republican figures, while Suetonius catalogues imperial bodies, habits and scandals.
The Twelve Caesars + The Agricola and the Germania
Tacitus provides sharper political analysis and senatorial moralism; Suetonius offers biography through anecdote, appearance and private life.
The Twelve Caesars + The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives
Both biographical traditions ask how power reveals character, but Suetonius is more archival and scandal-driven than Plutarch.
The Twelve Caesars + Macbeth
Shakespeare's tyrant shares Suetonius's theme that ambition, fear and bodily omens converge around illegitimate rule.
The Twelve Caesars + Two Lives of Charlemagne
Einhard and Notker inherit ancient biography's interest in rulerly habits, bodies and exemplary anecdotes.
The Tyger + The Bible
God's speeches from the whirlwind in Job 38-41 also answer human questions with fearsome creatures, Behemoth and Leviathan, and with more questions.
The Tyger + Paradise Lost
The stars throwing down their spears has often been read as the fall of the rebel angels, the war in heaven that Milton narrates and that Blake admired and rewrote.
The Tyger + God's Grandeur
Hopkins also sees creation charged with fire and divine energy, but where Blake only asks, Hopkins affirms the brooding care of the Holy Ghost.
The Tyger + The Second Coming
Yeats, an editor of Blake, closes with another unanswered question about a terrible beast, though his rough beast heralds historical collapse rather than creation.
The Underdogs + The Quiet American
Both novels puncture political abstraction by showing bodies injured by theories and movements that claim to liberate.
The Underdogs + Heart of Darkness
Both depict moral disintegration amid violence, though Azuela writes from within revolutionary upheaval rather than imperial expedition.
The Underdogs + Testament of Youth
Brittain's memoir and Azuela's novel share attention to bodily cost, disillusion and the failure of heroic language in war.
The Underdogs + The Power and the Glory
Greene and Azuela both write Mexico as a place where political violence tests faith, motive and bodily endurance.
The Underdogs + The Iliad
Azuela strips martial glory down to recurring violence and exhaustion, almost an anti-epic answer to heroic war tradition.
The Vampyre + Frankenstein
Both descend from the Villa Diodati circle, but Polidori imagines social predation where Shelley imagines abandoned creation.
The Vampyre + Dracula
Stoker expands Polidori's aristocratic vampire into a full medical, technological and imperial Gothic apparatus.
The Vampyre + The Turn of the Screw and The Aspern Papers
Both use uncertainty and vulnerable young people, though Polidori makes supernatural predation more explicit.
The Vampyre + The Picture of Dorian Gray
Wilde's novel (1891) later gives aristocratic beauty and corruption a decadent rather than folkloric form.
The Varieties of Religious Experience + The Principles of Psychology
The Principles builds the account of habit, attention and split consciousness that the Varieties uses; the subconscious self, cautiously treated in 1890, becomes in 1902 the probable gateway of religious experience.
The Varieties of Religious Experience + Confessions
James quotes Augustine's account of two wills at war as the classic description of the divided self, and the garden scene in Milan as a model of sudden unification.
The Varieties of Religious Experience + Pensees
Pascal, whom James discusses in The Will to Believe, is a sick soul in James's sense: anguished by the human condition and finding peace only in faith, with his own night of fire as a mystical experience.
The Varieties of Religious Experience + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Tolstoy's novella dramatises the same crisis of meaning that James documents from Tolstoy's Confession: a conventional life suddenly revealed as empty in the face of death.
The Varieties of Religious Experience + The Anatomy of Melancholy
Burton's section on religious melancholy is the earlier, humoral account of the despairing conscience that James reinterprets psychologically through Bunyan and others.
The Varieties of Religious Experience + Thus Spoke Zarathustra
In the lectures on the value of saintliness James sets Nietzsche's contempt for the saint as sick and servile against his own view that the saint's virtues are adaptive in a better social world.
The Velveteen Rabbit + The Tale of Peter Rabbit
Two rabbit stories: disobedience comedy versus love-and-Realness fairy tale.
The Velveteen Rabbit + Black Beauty
Becoming known through suffering and care, across species and genres.
The Voyage of the Beagle + On the Origin of Species
The Voyage of the Beagle pairs with this work because Origin supplies the evolutionary framework that later books apply to human beings and behavior.
The Voyage of the Beagle + The Descent of Man
The Voyage of the Beagle pairs with this work because Darwin extends evolutionary thinking to human mind, morals, sex, and heredity.
The Voyage of the Beagle + Heart of Darkness
The Voyage of the Beagle pairs with this work because Conrad gives another imperial travel text in which observation exposes moral and bodily danger.
The Voyage of the Beagle + Gulliver's Travels
The Voyage of the Beagle pairs with this work because Swift satirizes travel, knowledge, and human pride in ways that sharpen Darwin's observational seriousness.
The Voyage of the Dawn Treader + Prince Caspian
The direct predecessor: the seven lords were banished by Miraz, whom Caspian overthrew there, and Reepicheep's tail, restored by Aslan in that book, gives him his place on this voyage.
The Voyage of the Dawn Treader + The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
Edmund's betrayal and rescue in the first book is the key to his kindness to Eustace here; Lucy's cordial from Father Christmas returns, and the Stone Knife lies on Aslan's Table.
The Voyage of the Dawn Treader + The Silver Chair
Eustace's next adventure, in which the changed boy returns to Narnia with Jill Pole to seek Caspian's lost son Rilian, born to Ramandu's daughter.
The Voyage of the Dawn Treader + The Odyssey
Both are island-by-island sea voyages with monsters, magicians and enchantments, but Odysseus sails west toward home while the Dawn Treader sails east toward Aslan's country.
The Voyage of the Dawn Treader + The Hobbit
Lewis's friend Tolkien also tied dragons to greed for gold; Eustace's sleep on a dragon's hoard and Thorin's obsession with Smaug's treasure make a close pairing.
The Voyage of the Dawn Treader + The Pilgrim's Progress
Like Christian's journey to the Celestial City, the voyage is a picture of the spiritual life, with perils along the way and a crossing at the end into the true country.
The War of the Worlds + Frankenstein
Both are founding works of science fiction that test human confidence in science; Shelley's danger is a creature made by man, Wells's a superior intelligence that treats man as the lower creature.
The War of the Worlds + On the Origin of Species
Darwin's struggle for existence and natural selection lie behind Wells's Martians, evolved into great brains, and behind the ending, where resistance to bacteria won over ages decides the war.
The War of the Worlds + Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea
Verne's Nautilus displays human engineering as wonder; Wells turns superior machinery against humanity, and the tripods and handling-machines are seen from underneath by their victims.
The War of the Worlds + Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
Two late Victorian fables that use scientific ideas to frighten; Stevenson finds the beast inside one respectable man, Wells finds a cold intelligence outside the whole species.
The War of the Worlds + Gulliver's Travels
Swift and Wells both shrink human pride by showing people from another scale; the narrator's comparison of men to ants and to a dodo recalls Gulliver among the Brobdingnagians.
The War of the Worlds + The Voyage of the Beagle
Darwin's journal records peoples and species displaced by European arrival; Wells imagines the same experience happening to the English.
The Warden + Excellent Women
Both novels use church-adjacent social worlds to reveal duty, loneliness and gentle comedy, though Trollope's institutional stakes are more explicit.
The Warden + Ruth
Gaskell and Trollope both examine Victorian moral judgment, sympathy and institutional pressure on vulnerable people.
The Warden + David Copperfield
Dickens and Trollope share concern with Victorian institutions, but Trollope's satire is quieter and more balanced.
The Warden + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Both works distinguish social correctness from inward moral truth, though Tolstoy's crisis is existential and Trollope's institutional.
The Waves + The Portable Faulkner
Woolf and Faulkner both use modernist interiority and fractured time, but Woolf's form is lyric and choral rather than historically genealogical.
The Waves + Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair
Both works organize desire and despair through lyric recurrence, though Neruda's speaker is singular where Woolf's consciousness is plural.
The Waves + White Nights
Dostoevsky's dreamer and Woolf's Rhoda share intense inwardness and alienation, but Woolf dissolves plot into rhythm.
The Waves + The New York Trilogy
Both works question stable identity through formal experiment, but Auster uses detective structures while Woolf uses choral lyric.
The Waves + Mrs. Dalloway
Mrs. Dalloway (1925) first carried Woolf's moving interior viewpoint through a single London day with Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Smith; The Waves (1931) pushes the method further into six interwoven soliloquies.
The Waves + Orlando: A Biography
Orlando (1928), written between To the Lighthouse and The Waves, turns Woolf's questions about time, selfhood and the writer's vocation into comic mock-biography spanning more than three centuries.
The Wealth of Nations + The Federalist Papers
Hamilton's papers on commerce and union (Federalist 11 and 12) treat a large free-trade area among the states as a source of wealth and revenue, an argument with clear affinity to Smith's claim that the division of labour is limited by the extent of the market.
The Wealth of Nations + The Communist Manifesto
Marx and Engels accept Smith's picture of a productive commercial society built on the division of labour but treat the relation of wages and profit as a class struggle, where Smith sees interests that a system of natural liberty can bring into general advantage.
The Wealth of Nations + The Spirit of the Laws
Montesquieu's Books XX–XXII describe commerce as a force that softens manners and binds nations by mutual need; Smith gives the same intuition a full economic analysis and adds his critique of the mercantile monopolies Montesquieu largely accepted.
The Wealth of Nations + On Liberty
Mill, who wrote his own Principles of Political Economy in Smith's tradition, separates the case for free trade from the case for individual liberty, while Smith joins economic freedom to his system of natural liberty.
The Wealth of Nations + A Christmas Carol
Dickens's Scrooge, who treats the poor as surplus population, caricatures a hard reading of political economy; Smith himself argued that no society can be flourishing and happy while most of its members are poor and miserable.
The Wind in the Willows + Winnie-the-Pooh
Animal friends; Grahame denser and more lyrical.
The Wind in the Willows + The Secret Garden
Home, healing, and outdoor life for a similar band.
The Wise Woman (A Double Story) + The Princess and Curdie
The old princess and the wise woman are both ageless ladies who change shape, use painful tests to heal, and judge a royal court that has gone wrong.
The Wise Woman (A Double Story) + The Secret Garden
Mary Lennox, like Rosamond, is a contrary child spoiled by neglectful indulgence, and both girls are changed by outdoor work, animals and a household that refuses to flatter them.
The Wise Woman (A Double Story) + The Pilgrim's Progress
The wise woman's hall of pictures and her rooms of trial recall the Interpreter's House, where Christian is led from room to room to see pictures that teach him about his own heart.
The Wise Woman (A Double Story) + Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There
Rosamond and Agnes step through picture frames into other countries as Alice steps through the mirror, but MacDonald's frames lead to moral tests rather than to a chess game.
The Wise Woman (A Double Story) + The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
Lewis, who learned from MacDonald, gives Aslan the wise woman's double face: a presence that frightens the selfish child and comforts the repentant one.
The Witch of Blackbird Pond + The Scarlet Letter
Hawthorne's Boston of the 1640s and Speare's Wethersfield of the 1680s both show Puritan communities judging a woman who stands apart; Hester Prynne's cottage on the edge of town is akin to Hannah Tupper's by the pond.
The Witch of Blackbird Pond + The Bronze Bow
Speare's other Newbery novel also follows a young person consumed by one passion, Daniel's hatred of Rome, who is changed by love and by a wiser older figure.
The Witch of Blackbird Pond + The Sign of the Beaver
Speare's later novel of 1700s Maine again sets a young settler among people the colonists distrust and makes reading and teaching central to the friendship.
The Witch of Blackbird Pond + Johnny Tremain
Both are Newbery-winning historical novels of New England in which a proud young person is humbled and finds a cause; Esther Forbes's Boston of 1773-75 inherits the charter quarrels of Speare's 1687.
The Witch of Blackbird Pond + The Pilgrim's Progress
Bunyan's book (1678), written in the same years and read in Puritan homes, shows the same world of conscience; Faithful's trial at Vanity Fair is an allegorical cousin of Kit's examination.
The Woman in White + The Moonstone
Collins's later novel uses the same method of successive witness narratives for a detective plot, with Sergeant Cuff in place of Walter's amateur inquiry.
The Woman in White + Jane Eyre
Both novels hide a woman confined because of a family secret; Brontë's Bertha is kept in an attic, Collins's Anne and Laura in a private asylum.
The Woman in White + Bleak House
Dickens, Collins's friend and editor, also builds a mystery around documents, inheritance and a hidden parentage, with a detective, Inspector Bucket, at its edges.
The Woman in White + A Tale of Two Cities
Collins's novel followed Dickens's in the pages of All the Year Round; both turn on a substitution of one person for another who resembles him or her.
The Woman in White + The Hound of the Baskervilles
Doyle's novel, like Collins's, sets a crime about an inheritance in a lonely country house and lets a careful investigator undo an impostor's plan.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz + Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Both books send a sensible girl into a world of strange talking creatures, but Alice's Wonderland is a dream of nonsense while Dorothy's Oz is a real country with a road, a goal and friends who need her.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz + The Pilgrim's Progress
Dorothy, like Christian, follows a road toward a shining city with companions, meets dangers and helpers along the way, and finds the city is not the end of the journey.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz + Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)
Wendy and Dorothy both fly off to a land of wonders and both choose in the end to go home to the people who love them.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz + The Phantom Tollbooth
Milo, like the Scarecrow, learns on a quest that the thinking he hoped to receive was something he had to practise himself.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz + The Adventures of Pinocchio
The Tin Woodman longs for a heart and Pinocchio for a real boy's life; both books ask what makes a person truly alive and good.
The World as Will and Representation + Essays and Aphorisms
The essays from Parerga and Paralipomena popularised the system's conclusions on suffering, suicide, women and noise in a witty, accessible form; the main work supplies the metaphysics they presuppose.
The World as Will and Representation + The Birth of Tragedy
Nietzsche's Dionysian and Apollonian are recast from Schopenhauer's will and representation, and his account of music as the direct voice of the will comes from Book III; Nietzsche later turned against the pessimism and the denial of the will.
The World as Will and Representation + Critique of Pure Reason
Book I adopts Kant's ideality of space, time and causality, and the appendix criticises the Critique at length; Schopenhauer's innovation is to claim that the thing-in-itself Kant left unknown is accessible from within as will.
The World as Will and Representation + Ethics
Spinoza also posits one substance behind all things and sees human beings driven by striving (conatus), but he ends in intellectual love and joy, while Schopenhauer ends in resignation and the denial of the will.
The World as Will and Representation + The Bhagavad Gita
Schopenhauer's veil of Maya, renunciation and identity of self with all beings draw on Vedanta; the Gita's teaching of action without attachment offers a contrast to his preference for quietist withdrawal.
The World as Will and Representation + The Interpretation of Dreams
Schopenhauer's §36 theory that unbearable pain drives the mind to destroy the thread of memory and fill gaps with fictions closely anticipates Freud's repression, and the will's primacy over intellect anticipates the unconscious wish.
Their Finest Hour + We Shall Fight on the Beaches
Churchill's speech of 4 June 1940, after Dunkirk, defied invasion with a list of places to fight; two weeks later, with France gone, he addressed the same danger with a longer view of history.
Their Finest Hour + Speech to the Troops at Tilbury
Elizabeth I faced the threat of Spanish invasion in 1588 as Churchill faced German invasion in 1940; both speeches stake a ruler's personal resolve on the defense of the island.
Their Finest Hour + The St Crispin's Day Speech
Shakespeare's Henry tells an outnumbered army that the day will be remembered to the ending of the world; Churchill similarly asks a beleaguered nation to fight for how future generations will remember it.
Their Finest Hour + Order of the Day, 6 June 1944
Eisenhower's 1944 order launched the liberation of Europe that Churchill had said would follow only if Britain stood firm in 1940.
Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography + Citizenship in a Republic ("The Man in the Arena")
Roosevelt's 1910 Sorbonne speech, with its man in the arena, compresses the creed of the Autobiography's foreword and Chapter II: action over criticism, courage practised, and duty joined to effort.
Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography + Personal Memoirs
Grant's memoirs, which Roosevelt admired, are a soldier-president's account written from the war outward; Roosevelt's is a reformer-president's account that gives war a single chapter among many on politics and policy.
Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography + The Monroe Doctrine
Chapter XIV opens with Roosevelt's interpretation of Monroe's 1823 message and explains how he applied it to Venezuela and Santo Domingo; reading Monroe's text alongside shows how the principle was extended.
Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography + Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie
Carnegie writes as the great industrialist of the age and Roosevelt as the president who sought to regulate great corporations; both value self-made effort and public duty.
Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography + Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack
Both autobiographies present a programme of self-improvement and civic usefulness, Franklin through rules of virtue and Roosevelt through strenuous physical and moral training.
Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography + Walden
Thoreau and Roosevelt both loved the American outdoors and wrote as naturalists, but Thoreau sought solitude and simplicity while Roosevelt joined the strenuous outdoor life to national policy in forests and wildlife reserves.
This Side of Paradise + The Great Gatsby
Fitzgerald's later masterpiece takes up the same pairing of love and money in a tighter form; Gatsby, like Amory, loses the girl to a richer rival.
This Side of Paradise + The Picture of Dorian Gray
Fitzgerald borrows a Wilde epigram as his second epigraph, and Amory's aestheticism and self-regard owe much to Wilde's world.
This Side of Paradise + Jude the Obscure
Both novels centre on a young man and a university city of spires; Amory enters and leaves Princeton, while Jude never enters Christminster at all.
This Side of Paradise + Confessions
Augustine's account of a restless, gifted youth seeking pleasure and reputation offers a classic pattern for Amory's search, though Amory does not find Augustine's rest.
This Side of Paradise + A Farewell to Arms
Hemingway's war novel shows the war Amory's chapters skip over, and the disillusion both books attribute to their generation.
Through Gates of Splendor + The Hiding Place
Corrie ten Boom and Elisabeth Elliot both tell true stories of faith tested by death and loss, and both later forgave and served people connected with those who caused their suffering.
Through Gates of Splendor + The Cost of Discipleship
Bonhoeffer's teaching that Christ's call bids a person come and die gives a theological frame for the five men's decision to risk their lives in obedience.
Through Gates of Splendor + St. Patrick's Writings
Patrick returned as a missionary to the land where he had been held captive; the widows and Rachel Saint likewise went to live among the people who had killed their husbands and brother.
Through Gates of Splendor + Early Christian Lives
The early lives of martyrs and missionaries shaped the Christian idea of witness unto death that Elliot's readers brought to the story of the five men.
Through Gates of Splendor + Ecclesiastical History of the English People
Bede's accounts of missionaries carrying the faith to a pagan people, such as Aidan and Paulinus, are an ancient parallel to the modern mission Elliot describes.
Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There + Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Wonderland is built on a pack of cards and falls into a rabbit hole; Looking-Glass is built on a chessboard and enters through a mirror, so its world is more orderly, more reversed and more wistful.
Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There + The Phantom Tollbooth
Milo, like Alice, travels a land where words and numbers come alive and puns become places; both books make wordplay into adventure.
Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There + The Princess and the Goblin
George MacDonald was Carroll's friend, and his children heard the first Alice story; MacDonald's fairy tale is openly Christian where Carroll's dream stays playful and unexplained.
Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There + A Midsummer Night's Dream
Both works blur dream and waking, and end by asking the audience whether what they have seen was a dream.
Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There + The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Dorothy and Alice both cross a strange land toward a goal, a wizard or a crown, meeting odd companions on the way; Dorothy wants to go home, Alice to grow up.
Thus Spoke Zarathustra + Beyond Good and Evil
Nietzsche called Beyond Good and Evil (1886) a commentary on Zarathustra in plain prose: the will to power, the critique of pity and the 'free spirit' reappear as numbered aphorisms instead of parable and song.
Thus Spoke Zarathustra + The Birth of Tragedy
The early book's Dionysian intoxication returns in Zarathustra's dance-songs and midnight roundelay, but without the Wagnerian hope; the magician of Part IV is often read as Nietzsche's settling of accounts with the composer he once championed.
Thus Spoke Zarathustra + The World as Will and Representation
Schopenhauer's suffering will and his counsel of denial are the foil for Zarathustra's affirmation; the Soothsayer's 'all is empty, all is alike' voices the Schopenhauerian pessimism Nietzsche had to overcome.
Thus Spoke Zarathustra + The Sickness Unto Death
Kierkegaard treats despair as a sickness healed only by resting transparently in God; Zarathustra treats the same despair as convalescence after God's death. Both books make spiritual life a clinical drama of sickness and recovery.
Thus Spoke Zarathustra + The Bible
Zarathustra parodies the Gospels: a teacher of thirty, disciples, sermons, a last supper and an ass-festival that mocks the Palm Sunday ass and medieval Feast of the Ass. Reading the two together shows how much of Nietzsche's style is borrowed scripture turned against itself.
Thus Spoke Zarathustra + Siddhartha: An Indian Tale
Hesse, steeped in Nietzsche, also follows a solitary seeker who leaves teachers behind; but Siddhartha arrives at serene acceptance by a river, while Zarathustra's affirmation is laughter after nausea.
Till We Have Faces + The Golden Ass
Apuleius's tale of Cupid and Psyche, told by an old woman within his novel, is Lewis's source; Lewis keeps the lamp, the exile and the labours but makes the palace invisible to the sister and tells it from her side.
Till We Have Faces + The Last Battle
Published within months of each other, both close Lewis's fiction with a final unveiling of reality, the dwarfs who cannot see the feast in the stable and Orual who cannot see the palace standing for the same refusal.
Till We Have Faces + That Hideous Strength
Jane Studdock and Orual both resist a divine claim on them because they fear being possessed, and both find that surrender is the way to becoming fully themselves.
Till We Have Faces + Meditations
The Fox's Stoicism, with its talk of nature, reason and the divine in all things, echoes Marcus Aurelius; the novel honours its discipline while showing what it cannot explain.
Till We Have Faces + Confessions
Both are written as addresses to God that begin as self-defence or self-examination; Augustine and Orual each discover that the one they address knew them better than they knew themselves.
Till We Have Faces + The Bible
Orual's complaint against the gods and the presence that finally answers it recall the Book of Job, where God's appearance, not an argument, ends Job's case.
Timaeus + The Republic
Timaeus can be compared with the-republic to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Timaeus + On the Nature of the Universe
Timaeus can be compared with on-the-nature-of-the-universe to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District + West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
Fortas relies on Barnette's holding that schools may not compel a flag salute; Tinker extends protection from refusing to speak to choosing to express a view.
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District + The Founding Documents
The First Amendment's protection of freedom of speech, applied to the states through the Fourteenth, is the text Fortas and Black interpret.
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District + Essays on Education in a Republic
Benjamin Rush argued that republican schools should form obedient, virtuous citizens, a view of education closer to Black's emphasis on discipline than to Fortas's.
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District + On Liberty
Mill's defence of free discussion supports Fortas's reasoning, though Mill explicitly set children outside his principle, a point that bears on Black's dissent.
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District + Minersville School District v. Gobitis
Gobitis (1940) deferred to school boards on the flag salute before Barnette overruled it, a precedent close to the deference Black urged in Tinker.
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District + The Federalist Papers
Madison's Federalist No. 10 treats the clash of opinions as the natural condition of a free people, a theme Fortas echoes when he calls open, disputatious debate the basis of national strength.
Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey + God's Grandeur
Hopkins also finds the world charged with a presence, but names it the grandeur of God and the Holy Ghost where Wordsworth speaks more openly of a spirit that rolls through all things.
Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey + Ode on a Grecian Urn
Keats, who admired this poem, also meditates on a single object that holds time still, but he finds permanence in art where Wordsworth finds it in nature and memory.
Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey + Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
Gray's Elegy is the great earlier meditation spoken in a rural English landscape at evening; Wordsworth's poem turns the same meditative stance toward his own growth rather than the village dead.
Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey + Confessions
Augustine in Book X also searches the vast halls of memory and questions the earth and sky about God, who answer that they are not God but that he made them.
To Kill a Mockingbird + Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Two Southern novels told by children who learn to see a Black man's goodness against the voice of their society; Huck decides to help Jim at the risk of his soul, and Scout watches her father defend Tom at the risk of his standing.
To Kill a Mockingbird + Twelve Angry Men
Both turn on a jury weighing a vulnerable defendant amid prejudice; Rose's single holdout juror wins, while Atticus's careful defense cannot.
To Kill a Mockingbird + Of Mice and Men
Lennie and Tom are both crippled or disabled outsiders accused after encounters with a lonely young woman, and both books end in a killing outside the law.
To Kill a Mockingbird + The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
A courtroom in a small Southern town, children who witness a crime, and a feared outsider: Twain's Injun Joe and Lee's Boo Radley invert each other.
To Kill a Mockingbird + Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail
King wrote from an Alabama jail in 1963 about white moderates who prefer order to justice; Maycomb's missionary circle and its silent neighbours are the kind of people he addressed.
The Old Regime and the Revolution + Democracy in America
Tocqueville's earlier book found in New England townships the local self-government that the old regime destroyed; The Old Regime examines the opposite case, equality joined to centralization.
The Old Regime and the Revolution + Reflections on the Revolution in France
Burke in 1790 saw the Revolution as a sudden break with inherited institutions; Tocqueville, who cites Burke, argues that the break was smaller than both its friends and its enemies supposed.
The Old Regime and the Revolution + The Burke-Paine Debate on the French Revolution
Paine praised the Revolution as the triumph of universal rights and Burke condemned its abstractions; Tocqueville's chapters on men of letters and on the Revolution's religious character explain where the universal language came from.
The Old Regime and the Revolution + The Spirit of the Laws
Montesquieu praised intermediate bodies (nobility, parlements, towns) as barriers against despotism; Tocqueville shows those same bodies hollowed out by the intendants a generation later.
The Old Regime and the Revolution + A Tale of Two Cities
Dickens's Monseigneur and his country estate give a novelist's picture of an absentee lord collecting dues from starving villagers, the condition Tocqueville analyzes in Book II, chs. 1 and 12.
The Old Regime and the Revolution + The Social Contract
Rousseau is among the men of letters whose general theories, Tocqueville argues in ch. 13, took the place of political experience in shaping French opinion.
War and Peace + The Death of Ivan Ilyich
Prince Andrew's slow death at Yaroslavl anticipates the later novella's study of a dying man moving from fear to light; both turn on love and the release from self.
War and Peace + The Iliad
Tolstoy's mix of battle, family and the fates of nations has often been compared to Homer; both look at war from the commander's tent and from the wounded man on the ground.
War and Peace + On War
Clausewitz appears briefly before Borodinó in Book Ten, and Prince Andrew scorns the German theory of war; reading On War alongside shows the strategist's view Tolstoy rejects.
War and Peace + The Red Badge of Courage
Nicholas Rostóv's first battle at Schön Grabern, with its confusion, fear and flight, anticipates Crane's psychological account of a young soldier under fire.
War and Peace + Napoleon's Maxims of War
Napoleon's own maxims show the confident, directing intelligence that Tolstoy's Napoleon believes he possesses and that the novel's philosophy of history denies.
War and Peace + Les Misérables
Hugo's long Waterloo digression, published in 1862, is the great French counterpart to Tolstoy's essays on Austerlitz and Borodinó and on Napoleon's place in history.
Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis + SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.
Stewart cites the 1963 decision for the federal fiduciary standards Section 206 imposes, while holding that those standards are enforced by the Commission rather than by private damages suits.
Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis + Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder
Decided three years earlier, Hochfelder limited private damages under Rule 10b-5 by requiring scienter, another step in the Court's narrowing of private securities litigation in the 1970s.
Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis + Commentaries on the Laws of England
Blackstone's maxim that where there is a legal right there is also a legal remedy stands behind the dissent's view that duties owed to clients imply a remedy for clients.
Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis + Marbury v. Madison
Marshall's insistence that the laws furnish a remedy for the violation of a vested legal right is the classic American statement of the principle the majority confined and the dissent invoked.
Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis + Lowe v. SEC
Both decisions read the Advisers Act closely to fix its boundaries, one for who may sue and the other for who must register.
Travels with My Aunt + The Quiet American
Both Greene novels use travel and narration to unsettle English detachment, though Travels with My Aunt turns danger into comedy rather than political tragedy.
Travels with My Aunt + The Power and the Glory
The whisky priest and Aunt Augusta are both disreputable figures whose vitality resists conventional respectability.
Travels with My Aunt + Don Quixote
Both are late-life journeys in which stories reshape reality, though Greene's picaresque is worldly and comic rather than chivalric.
Travels with My Aunt + In Patagonia
Chatwin and Greene both use travel to blur fact, anecdote and self-invention, especially in relation to South America.
Treasure Island + The Odyssey
Both are sea adventures about cunning, danger and homecoming, but Stevenson's moral world is secular and adolescent.
Treasure Island + The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket
Poe turns sea adventure toward horror and bodily extremity, while Stevenson shapes it into moral and narrative clarity.
Treasure Island + The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Twain and Stevenson both write boyhood adventure, treasure and moral testing, though Stevenson's world is more lethal.
Treasure Island + Kidnapped (Robert Louis Stevenson)
Stevenson's later adventure novel, outside this manifest, also uses flight, loyalty and political danger as education.
Troilus and Criseyde + The Iliad
Chaucer uses the Trojan War as background for interior romance, whereas the Iliad makes war, honor and mortality central.
Troilus and Criseyde + The Nibelungenlied
Both medieval works reshape older heroic material through courtly values, but Chaucer turns catastrophe inward toward desire and interpretation.
Troilus and Criseyde + Wuthering Heights
Both works present love as bodily disturbance and metaphysical longing, though Chaucer's mode is courtly and philosophical.
Troilus and Criseyde + The Lais of Marie de France
Marie and Chaucer both explore secrecy, desire and social constraint in medieval love narratives.
Troilus and Criseyde + Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair
Both works lyricize erotic longing and abandonment, though Chaucer embeds desire in narrative and philosophical fortune.
TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc. + Basic Inc. v. Levinson
Twelve years later the Court expressly adopted the TSC standard for Rule 10b-5 and added a probability-and-magnitude test for contingent events such as merger talks.
TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc. + Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder
Decided in the same term, Hochfelder fixed the mental-state element of Rule 10b-5 claims as TSC fixed the materiality element of proxy claims.
TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc. + SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.
The 1963 decision described the securities laws as substituting full disclosure for caveat emptor; TSC asked how much disclosure that philosophy actually requires.
TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc. + The Wealth of Nations
Smith observed that directors of joint-stock companies manage other people's money rather than their own, the separation of ownership and control that proxy disclosure rules address.
Twelfth Night + A Midsummer Night's Dream
Twelfth Night can be compared with a-midsummer-nights-dream to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Twelfth Night + Pride and Prejudice
Twelfth Night can be compared with pride-and-prejudice to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
Twelve Angry Men + The Last Days of Socrates
Both works ask how legal procedure, public judgment and individual conscience meet when a life is at stake.
Twelve Angry Men + The Scarlet Letter
Both examine communal judgment and stigma, though Rose confines the action to legal deliberation rather than public punishment.
Twelve Angry Men + Passing
Both works expose how social perception and prejudice shape conclusions people mistake for fact.
Twelve Angry Men + Death of a Salesman
Both American dramas show private family pain erupting into public or social consequence.
12 Years a Slave + The Portable Faulkner
Northup gives direct testimony to the institution whose afterlife Faulkner later explores through family, land and racial memory.
12 Years a Slave + Passing
Both works show how race is enforced through law, perception and social danger, though Northup writes direct enslavement testimony.
12 Years a Slave + The Scarlet Letter
Both involve public stigma and legal identity, but Northup's memoir documents racialized bodily coercion rather than symbolic punishment.
12 Years a Slave + Black Beauty
Sewell and Northup both use first-person suffering to awaken moral perception, though Northup testifies to human enslavement.
Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair + Troilus and Criseyde
Both works anatomize longing, separation and the bodily symptoms of love, though Chaucer narrates and Neruda lyricizes.
Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair + The Waves
Neruda and Woolf both use recurrent natural rhythms to shape inner life, especially sea, light and bodily feeling.
Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair + The Complete Poems
Whitman's expansive bodily lyricism is a useful precursor for Neruda's fusion of body, world and poetic address.
Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair + Complete Poems
Parker's compressed heartbreak provides a sharp contrast to Neruda's lush erotic expansiveness.
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea + Moby-Dick
Both books follow a captain of commanding intellect who has turned grief into a private war at sea, seen through a narrator who admires and fears him; Ahab hunts a whale, while Nemo defends whales and hunts warships.
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea + Around the World in Eighty Days
Verne's other great circuit of the globe sets a punctual Englishman racing across the surface of the world by rail and steamer, where Nemo wanders slowly beneath it with no wish ever to arrive.
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea + Robinson Crusoe
Nemo, like Crusoe, builds a whole self-sufficient world from his own skill and stores, but Crusoe longs to return to society while Nemo has fled it on purpose.
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea + Frankenstein
Both novels set a solitary genius beyond the reach of ordinary law and ask what his discoveries cost the people around him; Aronnax, like Walton, tells the story of a man he cannot save.
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea + The Swiss Family Robinson
Both books, popular with young readers, turn natural history into adventure and teach readers the names and uses of plants and animals along the way.
Twenty Years at Hull-House + Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie
Carnegie and Addams lived through the same industrial age from opposite sides of the factory gate; his account of philanthropy from wealth and hers of service by living among the poor make a natural pairing on what the fortunate owe to others.
Twenty Years at Hull-House + Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography
Roosevelt's autobiography of 1913 sets out the Progressive program Addams helped support at the 1912 convention, written from the side of executive government rather than neighborhood work.
Twenty Years at Hull-House + Up from Slavery
Washington's Tuskegee and Addams's Hull-House were both institutions built by one founder to teach skills, cleanliness and citizenship, and both books argue by telling the founding story.
Twenty Years at Hull-House + Second Inaugural Address
Addams's chapter on Lincoln shows how his memory, and his call for charity toward both sides of a conflict, shaped her childhood conscience and her approach to the Pullman strike.
Twenty Years at Hull-House + Hard Times
Dickens's novel of an English mill town dramatizes the industrial conditions that the settlement movement, begun in London, set out to address.
Twenty Years at Hull-House + The Story of My Life
Helen Keller and Jane Addams both turned physical limitation and long study into public work; Keller's later causes overlapped with those of Hull-House.
Twilight of the Idols + Beyond Good and Evil
Twilight of the Idols pairs with this work because Nietzsche's aphoristic critique of morality prepares the later genealogical and therapeutic language.
Twilight of the Idols + Thus Spoke Zarathustra
Twilight of the Idols pairs with this work because Zarathustra dramatizes self-overcoming and life affirmation in prophetic-philosophical form.
Twilight of the Idols + On the Genealogy of Morality
Twilight of the Idols pairs with this work because Genealogy analyzes guilt, ressentiment, punishment, and ascetic meaning as historical psychology.
Twilight of the Idols + Essays and Aphorisms
Twilight of the Idols pairs with this work because Schopenhauer's aphoristic pessimism provides a contrast with Nietzschean convalescence and critique.
Twilight of the Idols + Man's Search for Meaning
Frankl, in Man's Search for Meaning, repeatedly cites the maxim from "Maxims and Arrows" that one who has a why of life can bear almost any how, and makes it a working principle of logotherapy in the camps.
Two Lives of Charlemagne + The Twelve Caesars
Einhard adapts Suetonian biography for a Christian emperor, especially in attention to habits, body and public virtues.
Two Lives of Charlemagne + The Age of Alexander: Nine Greek Lives
Plutarch and Einhard both make rulers exemplary, but Charlemagne's portrait is Christian and administrative rather than classical heroic.
Two Lives of Charlemagne + The Fall of the Roman Republic: Six Lives
Both collections explore leadership and power through biography, with different assumptions about empire and virtue.
Two Lives of Charlemagne + The Nibelungenlied
The epic and the biographies offer contrasting medieval models of heroic rulership: legendary catastrophe versus exemplary imperial memory.
Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption + The Hiding Place
Corrie ten Boom, also a prisoner in the Second World War, describes meeting a former guard after the war and forgiving him by God's help, the same turn that ends Zamperini's story.
Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption + Man's Search for Meaning
Frankl's account of the camps argues that inner freedom and meaning keep prisoners alive; Hillenbrand's emphasis on dignity and hope in the Japanese camps makes a natural pairing.
Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption + The Odyssey
Odysseus, adrift and delayed for years, comes home to find himself presumed dead and must fight to reclaim his life; Louie's raft, captivity and troubled homecoming follow a similar arc.
Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption + Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy
Another twentieth-century biography of a Christian imprisoned in the Second World War, though Bonhoeffer was a pastor who chose resistance and Zamperini a soldier who came to faith after the war.
Uncle Tom's Cabin + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Douglass's Narrative gives a firsthand account of slavery and of escape, including Douglass's own reflections on slaveholding religion, against which Stowe's fiction can be measured.
Uncle Tom's Cabin + 12 Years a Slave
Northup dedicated his 1853 account of enslavement on Louisiana's Red River plantations to Stowe, and it describes the very region where Tom dies.
Uncle Tom's Cabin + Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Both novels travel the Mississippi and turn on a white character's conscience about helping a runaway; Twain's Jim and Stowe's Tom are often read together.
Uncle Tom's Cabin + Second Inaugural Address
Stowe's Concluding Remarks and Lincoln's address both read slavery as a national sin under the judgment of God, North and South alike.
Uncle Tom's Cabin + Up from Slavery
Washington's memoir begins where Stowe's world ends, with a boy born enslaved in Virginia who lives to see emancipation and builds Tuskegee.
Uncle Tom's Cabin + The Pilgrim's Progress
Tom's life is shaped as a Christian pilgrimage through trials toward the Celestial City, much as Bunyan's Christian travels through the Valley of the Shadow of Death.
Understood Betsy + Heidi
Both books send a child to a mountain home with plain, gruff relatives, and both show a pale, fearful city child made strong by fresh air, work and affection, as Clara is in Heidi.
Understood Betsy + The Secret Garden
Mary Lennox and Elizabeth Ann are both orphans spoiled in different ways, and both are healed by outdoor work, plain food and the company of other children.
Understood Betsy + Pollyanna
Another orphan girl sent to relatives in Vermont a few years earlier; Pollyanna changes the people around her, whereas Betsy is the one who is changed by the Putneys.
Understood Betsy + Anne of Green Gables
An orphan goes to live with an elderly brother and sister on a farm and wins their reserved hearts; both books end with the child choosing to stay.
Understood Betsy + Farmer Boy
Both describe nineteenth-century northeastern farm work in loving detail, from butter-making to maple sugaring and county fairs, from a child's point of view.
United States v. Nixon + Marbury v. Madison
Burger quotes Marshall's claim that the judicial department must say what the law is; both cases concern the courts' authority over the executive branch, though Marshall declined to order Madison to act.
United States v. Nixon + Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer
Two decades earlier the Court refused President Truman's seizure of the steel mills; together the cases are the central modern limits on Presidential power.
United States v. Nixon + The Federalist Papers
Hamilton's defense of an energetic executive in Federalist No. 70 and Madison's account of checks and balances in No. 51 frame both sides of the confidentiality argument.
United States v. Nixon + The Founding Documents
The Constitution says nothing explicit about executive privilege; the Court derived it from Article II and the separation of powers while relying on Article III's judicial power.
United States v. Nixon + The Anti-Federalist Papers
Anti-Federalist writers warned that the new Presidency might escape accountability, a fear the tapes case tested in a concrete setting.
United States v. Nixon + Magna Carta
The charter's insistence that even a king proceed by the law of the land is an ancient root of the principle that the chief magistrate answers to legal process.
United States v. O'Hagan + Chiarella v. United States
Chiarella refused to impose a general duty to disclose on a printer who decoded takeover targets, while Burger's dissent there proposed the misappropriation theory that O'Hagan adopted seventeen years later.
United States v. O'Hagan + Dirks v. SEC
Dirks tied tippee liability to an insider's breach of duty; O'Hagan relied on its reasoning to show that a duty owed to the source of information, not to shareholders, could also ground liability.
United States v. O'Hagan + Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder
Hochfelder's holding that Section 10(b) requires scienter is one of the safeguards Ginsburg cites in answer to the worry that the misappropriation theory reaches too far.
United States v. O'Hagan + SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, Inc.
Both cases treat a fiduciary's undisclosed self-interest as a form of fraud, the 1963 case for an investment adviser's own trades ahead of his recommendations.
United States v. Wong Kim Ark + Dred Scott v. Sandford
Taney's 1857 opinion denied that descendants of enslaved Africans could be citizens; the citizenship clause interpreted in Wong Kim Ark was written in 1868 to settle that question by the fact of birth.
United States v. Wong Kim Ark + Slaughter-House Cases
Gray examines a passing remark in the 1873 Slaughter-House opinion about children of foreign subjects and concludes it was not a considered holding on the jurisdiction clause.
United States v. Wong Kim Ark + Commentaries on the Laws of England
Blackstone's account of natural-born subjects and allegiance is one of the main authorities Gray relies on for the common law rule.
United States v. Wong Kim Ark + Plessy v. Ferguson
Decided by nearly the same bench two years earlier, Plessy also turned on the Fourteenth Amendment; Harlan dissented in both cases, on opposite sides of the majority's reading.
United States v. Wong Kim Ark + The Founding Documents
The Constitution's natural-born citizen requirement for the presidency and its naturalization power form the background both Gray and Fuller interpret.
Up from Slavery + Atlanta Exposition Address
Chapter XIV prints the address in full and surrounds it with the story of its invitation, delivery and reception; reading the memoir supplies the life behind the speech's program of labor, property and cooperation.
Up from Slavery + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Douglass's narrative of a man who escaped slavery by learning to read is the great predecessor, and Washington quotes Douglass in Chapter VI; Douglass writes as an abolitionist orator, Washington as a builder of institutions after freedom.
Up from Slavery + Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack
Both are American success narratives of self-education, industry, thrift and rules for daily living; Washington's sweeping examination and Franklin's arrival in Philadelphia with his rolls are parallel founding scenes.
Up from Slavery + Amos Fortune, Free Man
Yates's story of an African-born man who buys his freedom and others' through patient labor in New Hampshire shares Washington's faith in work, property and forgiveness.
Up from Slavery + Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail
King, like Washington, preaches the refusal to hate and appeals to white Southerners as neighbors; he differs sharply in urging that justice cannot wait, which makes the two a natural debate pairing.
Up from Slavery + The Souls of Black Folk
Du Bois's 1903 essays include Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others, a direct reply to the programme Washington describes here; reading the two together shows the debate over industrial education, civil rights and the higher training of Black leaders in each man's own words.
Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh + Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople
A Frankish marshal's account of the Fourth Crusade gives the Western side of the crusading world a generation after Usama, with the same mixture of oaths, sieges, plunder and piety.
Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh + The Alexiad
The Byzantine princess's history of her father Alexios describes the first crusaders as they passed through Constantinople, a third perspective beside Usama's Syrian and the Franks' own.
Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh + The Canon of Medicine, Book I
Avicenna's Canon systematizes the humoral medicine behind Thabit's diet that would make a patient's humor wet, the learned tradition that Usama sets against Frankish practice.
Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh + A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles
Al-Razi's case-based clinical writing is the scholarly counterpart of Usama's anecdotal cures, both grounded in observation of particular patients.
Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh + Deliverance from Error (The Confessions of al-Ghazali)
Al-Ghazali's spiritual autobiography, written a generation earlier, turns inward to doubt and certainty, where Usama's memoir turns outward to battle, hunt and fate.
Memoirs of Usama ibn Munqidh + The Travels of Ibn Battuta
Another first-person Arabic narrative rich in anecdote and observation of foreign customs, from the fourteenth century.
Utilitarianism + On Liberty
Written in the same years, On Liberty (1859) rests its harm principle on 'utility in the largest sense'. Reading the two together tests whether Mill's defence of individuality and of medical self-determination can really be derived from the greatest happiness principle.
Utilitarianism + Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
Mill attacks Kant by name in Chapters I and V, arguing that the categorical imperative needs consequences to yield any duties; Kant's insistence that the good will and treating persons as ends are not tradeable is the strongest reply to Chapter V.
Utilitarianism + The Nicomachean Ethics
Both make happiness the final end, but Aristotle's eudaimonia is activity in accordance with virtue, while Mill's is pleasure and freedom from pain; Mill's 'competent judges' echo Aristotle's appeal to the person of practical wisdom.
Utilitarianism + On the Nature of the Universe
Lucretius gives the Epicurean ethics Mill invokes against the 'doctrine worthy only of swine' charge: pleasure as absence of pain and freedom from fear. Comparing them shows how far Mill's higher pleasures depart from Epicurean tranquillity.
Utilitarianism + A Treatise of Human Nature
Hume grounded justice in its usefulness to society and morals in sentiment rather than reason; Mill's Chapter V analysis of justice as a sentiment shaped by social utility is close kin, with a reformer's optimism Hume lacked.
Utilitarianism + Beyond Good and Evil
Nietzsche's attack on English moralists and on the 'herd' morality of general welfare is the sharpest nineteenth-century rejection of Mill's premise that happiness for all is the measure of value.
Utopia + The Republic
Raphael cites Plato's Commonwealth by name; both describe an ideal city without private property among the governing class and both ask whether a philosopher should enter politics.
Utopia + The Prince
Written within three years of Utopia, Machiavelli's treatise gives exactly the kind of counsel Raphael refuses to give, advising princes on war, money and reputation without reference to justice.
Utopia + Gulliver's Travels
Swift's traveller, like Hythloday, visits imaginary nations whose customs expose European folly; the Houyhnhnms' reasonable commonwealth descends from Utopia.
Utopia + City of God
Augustine distinguishes the earthly city from the heavenly; More's island is a pagan city ordered by reason, which the book holds up to Christian cities that have revelation yet live worse.
Utopia + The Giver
Lowry's planned community imagines the cost of an ordered society without money or rivalry, where common provision is bought at the cost of memory and freedom.
Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1) + The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini
Cellini, a Florentine goldsmith and Vasari's contemporary, tells his own life where Vasari tells others'; both write from the world of Medici patronage and share an admiration for Michelangelo.
Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1) + Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans
Plutarch's parallel lives are the ancient model for biography as moral portrait; Vasari's lives likewise mix anecdote and character, but measure greatness by works of art rather than deeds of state.
Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1) + The Divine Comedy
Vasari quotes Purgatorio XI, where Dante says Cimabue thought to hold the field in painting but now Giotto has the cry; the poet and the painter appear in the Lives as friends.
Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1) + The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson
Walton's lives of seventeenth-century churchmen are another early collection of biographies, gentle and devotional where Vasari's are anecdotal and critical, but both write to preserve the memory of admired men.
Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1) + The Life of Samuel Johnson
Boswell's single, minutely documented life shows how far biography moved from Vasari's gathering of anecdote, epitaph and tradition toward conversation recorded at first hand.
Veazie Bank v. Fenno + McCulloch v. Maryland
Marshall's line that the power to tax involves the power to destroy is reversed in direction here, as a federal tax is used against state-chartered banks.
Veazie Bank v. Fenno + Hepburn v. Griswold
Two months later Chase, who in Veazie reserved the legal tender question, held that greenbacks could not be legal tender for earlier debts.
Veazie Bank v. Fenno + Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
In 1895 the Court held a tax on income from property to be a direct tax, departing from the narrow definition Chase drew from congressional practice.
Veazie Bank v. Fenno + The Wealth of Nations
Chase mentions Smith's treatise as the leading work of economics known to the framers while finding that it does not settle the constitutional meaning of direct taxes.
Veazie Bank v. Fenno + Hamilton's Reports and Opinion on the Bank
Hamilton's case for a national bank and a uniform currency foreshadows the national banking system that the tax was designed to protect.
The Theory of the Leisure Class + The Wealth of Nations
Smith also saw that the rich seek wealth largely to be admired, but he expected commercial society to turn that vanity toward general prosperity; Veblen stresses the waste it produces.
The Theory of the Leisure Class + Discourse on the Origin of Inequality
Rousseau traces inequality to the desire for public esteem and to living in the opinion of others, a direct ancestor of Veblen's invidious comparison.
The Theory of the Leisure Class + Democracy in America
Tocqueville observed Americans' restless love of material well-being in a democratic society; Veblen, sixty years later, describes a new plutocracy displaying its wealth.
The Theory of the Leisure Class + The Great Gatsby
Gatsby's shirts, parties and mansion are a novelist's portrait of conspicuous consumption in the 1920s.
The Theory of the Leisure Class + The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
Weber explains capitalist accumulation by an ascetic ethic of saving and work, nearly the opposite of the display Veblen describes.
The Theory of the Leisure Class + Walden
Thoreau's chapter Economy attacks fashion, fine houses and the cost of keeping up appearances from the side of a simple life.
On the Fabric of the Human Body (Preface) + Galen: Selected Works
Galen's anatomy, based largely on animal dissection, was the authority Vesalius both revered and corrected; reading On the Natural Faculties beside the Fabrica's preface shows two physicians who each insisted that medicine must rest on the physician's own observation.
On the Fabric of the Human Body (Preface) + On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals (De Motu Cordis)
Harvey, trained at Padua in the tradition Vesalius founded, pressed Vesalius's doubt about pores in the septum of the heart to a new account of the circulation of the blood.
On the Fabric of the Human Body (Preface) + Hippocratic Writings
Vesalius appeals to the ancient Greek ideal of a physician who practised regimen, drugs and surgery together, an ideal he finds in the Hippocratic tradition.
On the Fabric of the Human Body (Preface) + On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
Published in the same year, 1543, Copernicus's book and the Fabrica are often paired as twin landmarks of the Scientific Revolution, each revising an ancient authority, Ptolemy and Galen respectively.
On the Fabric of the Human Body (Preface) + Novum Organum
Bacon's call to learn from nature rather than from books alone was anticipated in Vesalius's insistence that anatomy be learned at the dissecting table.
Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople + The Song of Roland
The epic of Charlemagne's rearguard expresses the crusading ideals of knighthood that Villehardouin's barons professed; his own command of the rearguard after Adrianople reads like a historical echo.
Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople + Two Lives of Charlemagne
Einhard and Notker give earlier models of the Frankish ruler and his campaigns; Villehardouin writes not a life but a soldier-statesman's record of a single expedition.
Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople + The Travels of Marco Polo
Venice's commercial reach underlies both books; Polo's travels began a few generations after the Venetian fleet carried the crusaders east and Venice gained trading posts across the former Byzantine lands.
Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople + Ivanhoe
Scott's romance is set among returning knights of the Third Crusade, a decade before Villehardouin's expedition; comparing them shows how a nineteenth-century novelist imagined the crusading age that the chronicle records firsthand.
Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople + Personal Memoirs
Grant's memoir and Villehardouin's chronicle are both campaign narratives by commanders who were in the councils they describe, and both explain decisions with restraint and an eye to vindication.
Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople + Ecclesiastical History of the English People
Bede's history of the English church is an earlier Christian chronicle that reads events as signs of God's favor or judgment, a habit Villehardouin shares when he writes that God began to love the host less.
Villette + Jane Eyre
Both are first-person stories of a plain, poor young woman who earns her bread by teaching; Jane's frank voice ends in marriage, while Lucy's guarded voice ends in an open question.
Villette + The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
Anne Brontë's novel also gives a woman's own written account of hard years and of faith tested, through Helen Graham's diary.
Villette + Middlemarch
Eliot, who admired Villette, likewise follows a woman's search for useful work and a worthy love within narrow provincial limits.
Villette + The Pilgrim's Progress
Lucy calls on Bunyan's imagery of pilgrimage and trial, and her lonely journey to a strange city reads in places like a Protestant pilgrim's progress.
Villette + Cranford
Gaskell, Brontë's friend and first biographer, wrote of genteel single women making do on small means in an English town, with comedy instead of solitude.
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman + The Social Contract
Wollstonecraft shared many of Rousseau's republican hopes from The Social Contract and his hostility to hereditary rank, but argued that his Emile, by educating Sophie only to please, contradicted his own principles of liberty and reason.
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman + Reflections on the Revolution in France
Burke's Reflections provoked her first Vindication, of the Rights of Men; the second extends her reply by arguing that manners and inherited sentiment, which Burke praised, had made women weak and dependent.
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman + The Burke-Paine Debate on the French Revolution
The pamphlet war over the French Revolution in which Burke and Paine were the chief voices is the setting of both her Vindications; she wrote as one of the earliest replies to Burke.
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman + The Subjection of Women
Mill's 1869 essay argues from liberty and utility, and from the analogy of law and custom, for the equality of the sexes; Wollstonecraft argues chiefly from reason, virtue and religion and concentrates on education and manners.
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman + Frankenstein
Her daughter Mary Shelley read her mother's works, and Frankenstein's creature, who learns by reading Paradise Lost and Plutarch and is shaped by neglect, explores the power of education and association that the Vindication describes.
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman + Paradise Lost
Wollstonecraft quotes Milton's portrait of Eve formed for softness and sweet attractive grace, criticizes it in Chapter 2, and appeals elsewhere to Milton's lines on rational fellowship between Adam and Eve.
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions + The Founding Documents
Both sets of resolutions argue from the text of the Constitution itself, chiefly the First Amendment's protection of speech and press and the Tenth Amendment's reservation of undelegated powers.
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions + The Federalist Papers
In Federalist No. 46 Madison predicted that the states would sound the alarm and act in concert against federal encroachments; the Virginia Resolutions of 1798 put that prediction into practice.
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions + The Anti-Federalist Papers
Anti-Federalist writers had warned that the necessary-and-proper and general-welfare clauses would be construed to enlarge federal power, the same construction Kentucky's seventh resolution protests.
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions + Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention
Madison's Memorial and Remonstrance defends liberty of conscience against a state legislature, while his Virginia Resolutions defend liberty of the press against Congress; both rest on the limits of delegated authority.
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions + Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible
Jefferson's letters on strict construction and on the dangers of consolidated government give the background of the argument he compressed into the Kentucky Resolutions.
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions + First Inaugural Address (Jefferson)
Three years after drafting the Kentucky text, Jefferson as President called for reconciliation between parties and promised support of the state governments in their rights, recasting the resolutions' concerns in a conciliatory key.
The Virginia Declaration of Rights + The Founding Documents
Section I's life, liberty and pursuit of happiness anticipates the Declaration of Independence, and Sections VIII-XIII reappear in the Fourth through Eighth Amendments and in the Second Amendment's well regulated militia.
The Virginia Declaration of Rights + The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
Section XVI declares the free exercise of religion; the 1786 statute turns that principle into law by forbidding compelled support of any church and civil penalties for belief.
The Virginia Declaration of Rights + Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention
Madison's Memorial and Remonstrance (1785) quotes Section XVI's definition of religion as the duty owed to the Creator, the same section he had amended as a young delegate in 1776.
The Virginia Declaration of Rights + Magna Carta
Section VIII's closing promise that no man lose his liberty except by the law of the land or the judgment of his peers echoes the wording of Magna Carta's clause 39.
The Virginia Declaration of Rights + Commentaries on the Laws of England
Blackstone's absolute rights of personal security, personal liberty and property in Book I stand behind Section I's list of inherent rights and the trial protections of Section VIII.
The Virginia Declaration of Rights + Second Treatise of Government
Locke's account of men entering society to preserve their lives, liberties and estates, and of a people's right to replace a government that breaks its trust, supplies the framework of Sections I-III.
The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom + Memorial and Remonstrance and Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention
Madison's Memorial and Remonstrance (1785) defeated the general assessment with arguments close to the statute's, that religion can be directed only by reason and conviction and that even three pence of compelled support is a matter of principle.
The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom + The Virginia Declaration of Rights
Section 16 of the 1776 Declaration of Rights, amended by Madison to speak of the free exercise of religion rather than toleration, is the principle the statute turns into a binding law.
The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom + The Founding Documents
The religion clauses of the First Amendment, proposed by Madison in 1789, forbid Congress to establish religion or prohibit its free exercise, a federal counterpart to the Virginia act.
The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom + Notes on the State of Virginia, Selected Letters, and The Jefferson Bible
Query XVII of Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia argues for religious freedom in the same spirit, including the remark that a neighbour's belief in twenty gods or none neither picks his pocket nor breaks his leg.
The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom + First Inaugural Address (Jefferson)
Jefferson's call in 1801 to tolerate error where reason is left free to combat it carries the statute's argument from religion into politics.
The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom + On Liberty
Mill's chapter on liberty of thought and discussion develops at length the statute's conviction that truth gains when error may be openly answered.
The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga) + The Poetic Edda
The saga is largely a prose retelling of the Eddic heroic lays from Reginsmol through Hamthesmol; reading the two together shows what the saga author added, smoothed or invented, especially for the lost section on Sigurd's wooing of Brynhild.
The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga) + The Prose Edda
Snorri's Skaldskaparmal tells the story of the otter's ransom, Andvari's gold and Sigurd in brief prose; it is an older Icelandic summary of the same legend, written for poets.
The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga) + The Nibelungenlied
The German epic tells the same story of Siegfried, Kriemhild, Brunhild, Gunther and Hagen at a Christian court, with Kriemhild avenging her husband on her brothers, whereas the Norse Gudrun avenges her brothers on Atli.
The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga) + Beowulf
The Old English poem sings briefly of Sigemund the dragon-slayer and his nephew Fitela, an English witness to Sigmund and Sinfjotli; both works end with a dragon, a hoard and a doomed people.
The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga) + The Iliad
The translators' preface sets the saga beside the Tale of Troy: both are heroic cycles of a quarrel over a woman, a doomed champion who knows his fate, and the laments of the women who survive.
The Story of the Volsungs (Volsunga Saga) + The Hobbit
Smaug on his hoard, the dragon's conversation and riddling self-description, and the curse of gold that divides allies recall Fafnir and Andvari's treasure, which Tolkien knew intimately.
Walden + Robinson Crusoe
Both men build their own shelters and keep careful inventories of their provisions, but Crusoe's solitude is forced by shipwreck and Thoreau's is chosen within walking distance of Concord.
Walden + My Side of the Mountain
Sam Gribley's year alone in a hemlock tree in the Catskills is a boy's version of the Walden experiment: building, foraging and learning the seasons, with visitors who keep finding him.
Walden + Meditations
Marcus Aurelius and Thoreau both urge stripping life to its essentials and keeping the inner self free of opinion and luxury, though the emperor writes from duty and Thoreau from withdrawal.
Walden + The Natural History of Selborne
Gilbert White's letters on the birds and seasons of one English parish anticipate Thoreau's close, local observation of the pond's ice, loons and ants.
Walden + Sermons and Letter from Birmingham Jail
King wrote from a jail cell that unjust laws must be broken openly and with willingness to accept the penalty, an argument he connected with Thoreau's essay on civil disobedience printed with Walden in the library text.
Walden + The Rule of St Benedict
Benedict also orders a life of manual labor, simple food, reading and silence, but for a community under obedience, where Thoreau's simplicity is solitary and self-directed.
The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson + Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners
Bunyan wrote his spiritual autobiography in Bedford jail in the same years Walton was writing these lives; the Baptist preacher imprisoned for refusing to conform and Walton's loyal churchmen show two sides of Restoration religion, each in its own words.
The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson + Sermons and Devotions upon Emergent Occasions
Donne, Walton's own pastor, was a friend of Herbert's mother Magdalen; his Devotions upon Emergent Occasions give a first-person record of serious illness to set beside Walton's accounts of Hooker's and Herbert's last sicknesses.
The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson + Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (Volume 1)
Both are collections of lives written to rescue admired men from forgetfulness and both mix fact with remembered anecdote; Vasari celebrates artistic skill, Walton holiness and quiet learning.
The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson + Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans
Plutarch's moral portraits are the classical model for biography that teaches by example; Walton's lives likewise select scenes, such as Herbert and the poor man's horse, to show character.
The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson + The Life of Samuel Johnson
Johnson admired Walton's Lives; Boswell's long, documented life shows how biography later moved from Walton's brief devotional portraits toward detailed record.
The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson + The Practice of the Presence of God
Brother Lawrence and Walton's Herbert, near-contemporaries, both find God in ordinary duties, the kitchen at the Paris Carmel and the parish round at Bemerton.
Farewell Address and Selected Letters + The Federalist Papers
Publius theorizes the Constitution; Washington's presidency tests how constitutional authority becomes precedent.
Farewell Address and Selected Letters + Personal Memoirs
Grant and Washington both reveal military leadership as logistics, endurance, reputation, and bodily risk.
Farewell Address and Selected Letters + Narrative of the Life and What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
Douglass analyzes the racial limits of founding-era liberty language that Washington urged Americans to preserve as national inheritance.
Washington Square + The Portrait of a Lady
Both James novels center heiresses endangered by marriage, but Catherine's tragedy is domestic and compressed while Isabel's is international and expansive.
Washington Square + The Scarlet Letter
Both works follow women shaped by social judgment, though Catherine's stigma is plainness and credulity rather than public sexual sin.
Washington Square + Persuasion
Austen and James both explore persuasion around marriage, but James turns family advice into emotional cruelty rather than comic correction.
Washington Square + Effi Briest
Both novels show women constrained by marriage systems and male judgment, though James leaves Catherine unmarried and inwardly fortified.
Washington v. Glucksberg + Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health
The Chief Justice reads his own 1990 opinion as resting on the common-law right to refuse medical touching, a tradition he finds absent for assisted suicide.
Washington v. Glucksberg + Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
Twenty-five years later the Court's majority applied Glucksberg's history-and-tradition test in overruling Roe v. Wade, while the dissenters objected to that use of it.
Washington v. Glucksberg + Griswold v. Connecticut
Souter and Breyer both rely on Justice Harlan's Poe v. Ullman dissent, whose reasoning Harlan carried into his concurrence in Griswold.
Washington v. Glucksberg + Commentaries on the Laws of England
Rehnquist quotes Blackstone's treatment of self-murder as part of the common-law tradition that he finds unbroken into American law.
Washington v. Glucksberg + Hippocratic Writings
The Court's discussion of the integrity of the medical profession and the line between healing and harming echoes a commitment that physicians traced to the Hippocratic Oath.
Watership Down + The Aeneid
Both follow refugees fleeing a destroyed home, guided by prophecy, through false resting places toward a new settlement, and both end with war to secure wives and a future for the new people.
Watership Down + The Odyssey
Hazel's band meets a seductive land of comfort and forgetting at Cowslip's warren, as Odysseus's crew meets the Lotus-eaters, and survives by cunning more than force.
Watership Down + Animal Farm
Both use animal societies to examine political order: Orwell satirises a revolution become tyranny, while Adams sets Woundwort's police-state warren against a free one founded by consent.
Watership Down + The Wind in the Willows
Two English classics of the southern countryside with talking animals, though Grahame's riverbank is a gentle refuge and Adams's downland is a place of real predators and death.
Watership Down + The Lord of the Rings
Both give a small people an invented language, a legendary past and a perilous journey, and both close with a departure into death or the West that is gentle rather than tragic.
Watership Down + The Jungle Book
Kipling and Adams both give animal societies their own laws, councils and lore, and both make leadership in those societies earned rather than inherited.
We Hold These Truths + Dignitatis Humanae
We Hold These Truths can be compared with dignitatis-humanae to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
We Hold These Truths + The Founding Documents
We Hold These Truths can be compared with the-founding-documents to test how different periods handle authority, suffering, formation, and the shape of a good life.
We Shall Fight on the Beaches + Their Finest Hour
Delivered two weeks later as France fell, Their Finest Hour continues the argument from Dunkirk, turning from the deliverance of the army to the coming Battle of Britain.
We Shall Fight on the Beaches + Speech to the Troops at Tilbury
Elizabeth in 1588 and Churchill in 1940 both rallied England against an invasion across the Channel, and Churchill himself recalls earlier tyrants who planned such a crossing.
We Shall Fight on the Beaches + The St Crispin's Day Speech
Shakespeare's Henry and Churchill both speak to an outnumbered English force; Henry promises glory to the few, while Churchill vows endurance against long odds.
We Shall Fight on the Beaches + The River War
Churchill's 1899 account of the Sudan campaign shows the young war correspondent's narrative gift that later shaped his wartime reports to Parliament.
We + The New York Trilogy
Both use unstable first-person writing to show identity under pressure, though Zamyatin's pressure is totalitarian and technological.
We + The Bhagavad Gita
Both involve duty and selfhood, but We imagines a state that abolishes inward conflict rather than teaching disciplined action.
We + Frankenstein
Both question scientific ambition and the ethics of making or remaking human life.
We + The Master and Margarita
Both Russian works use fantasy and satire against systems that deny spiritual, erotic and imaginative freedom.
Webb v. United States + Linder v. United States
Six years later a unanimous Court held that a Spokane doctor's few tablets for an addicted patient were not shown to be outside professional practice, narrowing the maintenance rule read into Webb.
Webb v. United States + Robinson v. California
In 1962 the Court addressed addiction from the other side, ruling that a state could not make the condition of being addicted a crime in itself.
Webb v. United States + McCulloch v. Maryland
Marshall's broad reading of the means Congress may choose to carry out its powers underlies the majority's willingness to sustain a regulatory scheme built on the taxing power.
Webb v. United States + Hippocratic Writings
The Hippocratic oath's promise to give no deadly drug when asked frames the old question behind Webb of whether a physician may supply whatever a patient requests.
Webb v. United States + Gonzales v. Raich
A later dispute over federal drug control and medical use, decided under the Commerce Clause rather than the taxing power.
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism + Institutes of the Christian Religion
Calvin's teaching on predestination and assurance in Book III is the doctrine at the center of Weber's argument; reading Calvin directly allows students to test Weber's interpretation.
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism + Religion and the Rise of Capitalism
Tawney, who wrote the foreword to Parsons's translation, traced the same connection between Puritanism and commerce in England, with more attention to economic change and to the decline of Christian social teaching.
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism + Autobiography and Poor Richard's Almanack
Weber builds his portrait of the capitalist spirit on Franklin's Advice to a Young Tradesman and Poor Richard maxims; Franklin's own account of his life shows the ethos in practice.
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism + The Pilgrim's Progress
Weber cites Bunyan's Christian, who flees the City of Destruction alone, as an image of the inner isolation of the Puritan believer seeking salvation.
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism + The Communist Manifesto
Marx and Engels explain the rise of the bourgeoisie by material forces; Weber's essay is often read as a counterpoint that gives ideas a causal role of their own.
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism + Lectures on Calvinism
Kuyper's 1898 Stone Lectures present Calvinism as a whole life-system shaping politics, science and art, a Reformed account written just before Weber's that can be set beside his sociological one.
Second Reply to Hayne + The Gettysburg Address
Webster's people's government, made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people anticipates the triad that closes Lincoln's address thirty-three years later.
Second Reply to Hayne + Farewell Address and Selected Letters
Washington called the unity of government the main pillar of American independence and warned against geographical parties; Webster defends that same Union against a sectional theory of the Constitution.
Second Reply to Hayne + House Divided Speech
Webster refuses to look into the abyss of disunion; Lincoln in 1858 argues that the Union cannot endure half slave and half free, carrying the question Webster postponed to its crisis.
Second Reply to Hayne + The Federalist Papers
Webster's case that the Constitution acts on individuals rather than through state agency, and that the judiciary must settle disputes of power, restates arguments Hamilton and Madison made for ratification.
Sermons on Several Occasions and Primitive Physick + De Materia Medica
Dioscorides preserves ancient pharmacological knowledge, while Wesley offers eighteenth-century household medicine for ordinary readers.
Sermons on Several Occasions and Primitive Physick + Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind
Rush represents professionalizing American medicine; Wesley represents pastoral and popular medicine before modern specialization.
Sermons on Several Occasions and Primitive Physick + Selected Sermons
Whitefield supplies itinerant evangelical fire, while Wesley builds disciplined societies and practical care systems.
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish + Lochner v. New York
Hughes's opinion rejects the liberty-of-contract reasoning that Peckham had used in 1905 to strike down New York's bakery hours law.
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish + NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
Decided two weeks later by the same five-justice majority, it upheld federal protection of union organizing and widened the reach of the Commerce Clause.
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish + Wickard v. Filburn
By 1942 the deference Hughes showed to state wage laws had been extended to federal crop quotas, with no dissent recorded.
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish + The Wealth of Nations
Smith's chapter on wages describes masters as able to hold out longer than workmen in a dispute, an observation close to Hughes's point about unequal bargaining.
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish + The Federalist Papers
Sutherland's insistence that judges interpret rather than amend the Constitution echoes Federalist No. 78 on the judiciary's duty of judgment rather than will.
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette + Minersville School District v. Gobitis
The case Barnette overruled; Jackson answers each of Frankfurter's 1940 premises, and Frankfurter's 1943 dissent restates them.
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette + Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
The 1969 armband case cites Barnette for the principle that students do not leave their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gate.
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette + The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
Frankfurter's dissent appeals to Jefferson and Madison for the view that religious liberty means equality before the law, while Jackson reads the same tradition as forbidding compelled profession.
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette + The Founding Documents
Jackson grounds the decision in the First Amendment's speech guarantee rather than the Free Exercise Clause alone, making the Bill of Rights the center of the opinion.
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette + On Liberty
Mill's defense of individuality and dissent anticipates Jackson's claim that intellectual diversity is worth the price of occasional eccentricity.
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette + Wisconsin v. Yoder
Both cases weigh the state's interest in civic education against the convictions of a religious community; Yoder turns on free exercise rather than compelled speech.
Where the Red Fern Grows + The Call of the Wild
Rawls credited Jack London's books with making him want to write. London tells his story from inside the dog Buck; Rawls tells his from the boy, and his hounds stay loyal to their master to the death where Buck answers the wild.
Where the Red Fern Grows + The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Both are boyhood stories of river country, nighttime adventures and a death that shadows a boy's play; Twain's tone is comic and Rawls's tender and grieving.
Where the Red Fern Grows + My Side of the Mountain
Sam Gribley and Billy Colman both learn the woods through patience and work, and both have animal companions; Sam lives alone by choice, while Billy's woodcraft ties him more closely to his family.
Where the Red Fern Grows + Little House in the Big Woods
Wilder's Pa and Rawls's Papa and Grandpa belong to the same world of hunting, trapping and trading pelts at a store, seen in both books through a child's eyes.
Where the Red Fern Grows + Black Beauty
Both books ask readers to love an animal as a creature with its own loyalty and suffering; Sewell pleads for better treatment of horses, while Rawls honors the faithfulness of working dogs.
Novum Organon Renovatum + Novum Organum
Bacon's 1620 aphorisms promised a method by which ordinary minds could discover truth through careful induction; Whewell keeps the aphoristic form and the inductive aim but denies that any mechanical art of discovery is possible.
Novum Organon Renovatum + A System of Logic, Book III: Of Induction
The other side of the Whewell-Mill debate: Mill treats induction as inference from observed particulars governed by the methods of agreement and difference, while Whewell stresses the conception the mind adds and the tests of prediction and consilience.
Novum Organon Renovatum + New Astronomy and The Harmony of the World
Kepler's own record of his trials with Mars is the case history on which Whewell builds his account of hypothesis and colligation.
Novum Organon Renovatum + Principia
Newton's theory of gravitation is Whewell's chief example of consilience, explaining classes of facts it was not framed to explain.
Novum Organon Renovatum + Science and Hypothesis
Both writers insist that hypotheses are necessary and that the mind contributes to scientific knowledge; Poincare, unlike Whewell, treats some fundamental principles as conventions rather than necessary truths.
Novum Organon Renovatum + On the Origin of Species
Darwin, who knew Whewell at Cambridge, placed a passage from Whewell's Bridgewater Treatise on general laws opposite the title page of the Origin and argued for his theory by showing that it joined many different classes of facts.
White Fang + The Call of the Wild
London's companion story runs the opposite road: Buck goes from a California estate to the wolf pack, while White Fang goes from a wolf's cave to a California estate, and both end in the Santa Clara Valley or begin there.
White Fang + The Jungle Book
Kipling's jungle and London's Wild each have a law that governs animals; Mowgli is a human raised by wolves who returns to men, White Fang a wolf raised by men who comes at last to love them.
White Fang + Black Beauty
Both pass an animal through a series of masters good and bad and make the reader feel each one from below; Sewell writes to reform treatment of horses, London to show how treatment forms a nature.
White Fang + On the Origin of Species
The law of meat, the famine that kills the weaker cubs, and London's talk of heredity and environment draw on popular Darwinism.
White Fang + Lassie Come-Home
Two famous dog stories that turn on loyalty to a master; Lassie's devotion is there from the first page, while White Fang's has to be won after years of cruelty.
White Nights + The New York Trilogy
Both feature isolated urban walkers whose imagined narratives overtake social reality, though Dostoevsky is more openly tender.
White Nights + The Meek One
Both Dostoevsky novellas involve lonely narration and failed intimacy, but White Nights is gentler and less morally catastrophic.
White Nights + The Waves
The dreamer's inwardness and Rhoda's alienation both show consciousness estranged from ordinary social belonging.
White Nights + Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair
Both works lyricize longing and loss, but Dostoevsky frames desire through urban encounter rather than landscape.
Selected Sermons + Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God and A Faithful Narrative
Edwards interprets revival with analytic caution, while Whitefield embodies revival as mobile, theatrical proclamation.
Selected Sermons + Early Black Church Sermons and Addresses
Whitefield's evangelical appeal can be compared with Black Christian traditions formed in the same Atlantic Protestant world.
Selected Sermons + Lectures on Revivals of Religion
Finney systematizes revival measures, whereas Whitefield relies on itinerant charisma and repeated conversion appeal.
An Introduction to Mathematics + Elements, Book I
Euclid's axiomatic geometry is the classical model behind Whitehead's chapter on geometry, which treats space as a system derived from axioms.
An Introduction to Mathematics + The Problems of Philosophy
Published a year later by Whitehead's collaborator, Russell's short book for the same kind of general reader asks what we can know, including our knowledge of mathematical truths.
An Introduction to Mathematics + Principia
Newton's laws of motion are Whitehead's chief example of mathematics applied to nature, and his chapter on the calculus explains the method Newton invented.
An Introduction to Mathematics + A Mathematician's Apology
Hardy, a younger Cambridge mathematician, defends pure mathematics for its beauty, where Whitehead stresses how abstract ideas prove useful.
An Introduction to Mathematics + Meno
Socrates draws a geometrical truth out of an untaught slave boy; Whitehead likewise suggests that mathematical understanding lies within reach of any careful reader.
The Complete Poems + Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair
Neruda inherits a Whitmanian expansiveness of body and world, though his early love poems are more erotically focused and melancholic.
The Complete Poems + Testament of Youth
Brittain and Whitman both write war through bodies, nursing and grief, from different wars and genders of witness.
The Complete Poems + The Bhagavad Gita
Both imagine the self in cosmic relation, though Whitman's mystical democracy differs from the Gita's theology of disciplined action.
The Complete Poems + The Waves
Woolf and Whitman both stretch individual voice toward plurality, rhythm and the impersonal life of nature.
Wickard v. Filburn + Gibbons v. Ogden
Jackson treats Marshall's 1824 steamboat opinion as the source of a commerce power whose limits lie chiefly in the political process.
Wickard v. Filburn + McCulloch v. Maryland
The government's fallback argument that control of home-grown wheat is necessary and proper to market regulation rests on Marshall's reading of implied powers.
Wickard v. Filburn + Lochner v. New York
Lochner exemplifies the earlier willingness of courts to review economic legislation under due process; Wickard's refusal to weigh the fairness of the wheat plan shows the reversal of that approach.
Wickard v. Filburn + The Federalist Papers
Madison in Federalist No. 45 described federal powers as few and defined, chiefly external, a passage often set against the breadth of the commerce power approved here.
Wickard v. Filburn + The Anti-Federalist Papers
Brutus warned that the general government's powers would expand until they absorbed the states, an argument revived by critics of the aggregation principle.
Wickard v. Filburn + The Wealth of Nations
Smith's account of prices set by supply and demand underlies the stipulated economics Jackson relies on, though Smith drew very different conclusions about government control of grain.
The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000 + Rome: An Empire's Story
Greg Woolf's survey ends with the long decline of Roman power; Wickham picks up the story in 400 and asks what the successor societies made of the Roman legacy.
The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000 + The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)
Gibbon told the same centuries as decline and fall; Wickham explicitly rejects a 'story of failure' and treats the period as legitimate in its own right.
The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000 + Ecclesiastical History of the English People
Bede's history of the English church, finished in 731, is a primary witness to the British and Irish world that Wickham's Part II describes.
The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000 + The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians
Peter Heather emphasizes the violent end of the western empire under outside pressure; Wickham gives more weight to the continuity of Roman structures within the new kingdoms.
The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000 + Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire
Judith Herrin's portrait of Byzantine civilization fills out the eastern empire that Wickham treats as a principal heir of Rome.
Winnie-the-Pooh + Aesop's Fables
Animal character in brief episodes; Milne adds sustained friendship comedy.
Winnie-the-Pooh + The Wind in the Willows
English animal friendship, more lyrical and older in band.
Winnie-the-Pooh + The House at Pooh Corner
The sequel (1928) brings Tigger into the Forest, invents Poohsticks and ends with Christopher Robin's farewell in the Enchanted Place, closing the stories Milne began in Winnie-the-Pooh.
Wisconsin v. Yoder + West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
Douglas cites Barnette's protection of schoolchildren who refused the flag salute; both cases set conscience against a state's educational program, though Barnette concerns compelled speech rather than attendance.
Wisconsin v. Yoder + Reynolds v. United States
Douglas notes that Yoder departs from Reynolds's line between belief, which Congress cannot touch, and action, which it may regulate; reading the two together shows how free exercise doctrine changed between 1879 and 1972.
Wisconsin v. Yoder + The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
Jefferson's statute declares that no one shall suffer for religious opinions; Yoder asks the harder question of whether religiously required conduct, such as leaving school, must also be accommodated.
Wisconsin v. Yoder + The Founding Documents
The First Amendment's Free Exercise Clause, applied to Wisconsin through the Fourteenth Amendment, is the text the Court interprets.
Wisconsin v. Yoder + Engel v. Vitale
Engel addresses the Establishment Clause in public schools a decade earlier; Yoder turns to the other religion clause and to families who leave the schools altogether.
Wisconsin v. Yoder + On Liberty
Mill argued that the state may require education while leaving its content to parents; his view offers a useful counterpoint to both Burger's deference to Amish parents and Douglas's concern for the child.
Philosophical Investigations + The Problems of Philosophy
Russell, Wittgenstein's first teacher in Cambridge, treats knowledge by acquaintance with sense-data, the kind of private inner object the Investigations calls into question.
Philosophical Investigations + Confessions
The Investigations opens by quoting Confessions I.8 on how the infant Augustine learned words, and the whole book can be read as a long conversation with that passage.
Philosophical Investigations + An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Locke holds that words stand for ideas in the speaker's mind; Wittgenstein's private language remarks test exactly this picture of meaning.
Philosophical Investigations + Meditations on First Philosophy
Descartes begins from the certainty of his own mind; Wittgenstein argues that even our words for inner experience depend on a shared public practice.
Philosophical Investigations + The Golden Bough (abridged edition)
In separate remarks on The Golden Bough, Wittgenstein objected that Frazer treated rituals as mistaken science; the Investigations' attention to forms of life develops a related view of practice.
Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands + A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People During the Late Awful Calamity in Philadelphia
The Philadelphia yellow fever narrative and Seacole's chapters on cholera and yellow fever in Panama and Jamaica both record lay caregivers' work in epidemics, with their remedies, fears and burials.
Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands + Testament of Youth
Vera Brittain's memoir of nursing in the First World War, sixty years later, gives a much darker picture of military nursing; read with Seacole it shows how differently two women narrated care for the wounded.
Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands + Sermons on Several Occasions and Primitive Physick
Wesley's Primitive Physick collected simple household remedies for ordinary people; Seacole's mustard plasters, herbal cures and nourishing foods belong to the same tradition of practical lay medicine.
Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands + The Odyssey
Seacole jokes that friends called her a female Ulysses; her wandering from Kingston to Panama to the Crimea and home, with storms, thieves and hospitality, makes the comparison fun to test.
Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands + Twenty Years at Hull-House
Jane Addams and Seacole both describe women who found their own way to public service and organized practical help, one through a settlement house in Chicago, the other through a hotel on a battlefield.
Rome: An Empire's Story + The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Selections)
Gibbon remarked that we should rather be surprised that the empire lasted so long; Woolf makes that surprise the organizing question of a modern survey, answered with comparative and social history.
Rome: An Empire's Story + The Histories, Book VI
Polybius explained Rome's rise by its constitution and army; Woolf explains its endurance by the later shift from conquest to a tributary empire.
Rome: An Empire's Story + Pax Romana: War, Peace and Conquest in the Roman World
Adrian Goldsworthy's study of how Rome conquered and kept peace in its provinces examines in detail the imperial system whose durability Woolf stresses.
Rome: An Empire's Story + The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000
Chris Wickham begins about where Woolf's narrative ends in the West, tracing what Europe made of the Roman inheritance from 400 to 1000.
Rome: An Empire's Story + The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians
Peter Heather focuses on the fifth-century West and gives outside pressure a decisive role, offering a sharper argument about the fall to set beside Woolf's long view.
To the Lighthouse + Mrs. Dalloway
Woolf's previous novel also follows minds over a short span, a single London day, and also gathers its characters at a hostess's party; Mrs Dalloway and Mrs Ramsay are both makers of social occasions.
To the Lighthouse + The Waves
The Waves pushes further the method of To the Lighthouse, replacing narration with six speaking voices set between passages on the sun's course over the sea, as Time Passes was set apart from the family scenes.
To the Lighthouse + Swann's Way
Proust's narrator recovers a lost childhood world through involuntary memory; Lily recovers Mrs Ramsay ten years later through the work of painting.
To the Lighthouse + A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
Joyce's Stephen Dedalus and Woolf's Lily Briscoe are both artists forming a vocation against doubt; Joyce follows one mind's growth, Woolf moves among many.
To the Lighthouse + Testament of Youth
Vera Brittain's memoir records the same generation's war losses directly, while Woolf reduces Andrew Ramsay's death to a bracketed sentence in a house the war never reaches.
Worcester v. Georgia + Fletcher v. Peck
In the Yazoo case of 1810 Marshall held that Georgia could be seised in fee of lands subject to Indian title; Worcester revisits Georgia's claims to the same region and emphasizes the political rights of the Cherokee.
Worcester v. Georgia + The Founding Documents
Marshall relies on the Constitution's grant to Congress of power to regulate commerce with the Indian tribes and on the clause making treaties the supreme law of the land.
Worcester v. Georgia + The Articles of Confederation
Article IX gave Congress power over affairs with the Indians not members of any state, and the Treaty of Hopewell was made under that authority before the Constitution.
Worcester v. Georgia + The Federalist Papers
Federalist No. 78's observation that the judiciary has neither force nor will is often recalled in discussions of Georgia's refusal to comply.
Worcester v. Georgia + Democracy in America
Tocqueville, who travelled in the United States in 1831-1832, described the condition of the southern tribes and the removal policy in his chapter on the three races.
Wuthering Heights + Frankenstein
Heathcliff and the creature are both outsiders shaped by rejection, whose revenge exposes the society that made them.
Wuthering Heights + The Nibelungenlied
Both works show love and injury becoming revenge that consumes houses and kinship networks.
Wuthering Heights + The Scarlet Letter
Both novels make passion, stigma and social judgment bodily and symbolic, though Bronte's mode is wilder and more domestic-Gothic.
Wuthering Heights + Troilus and Criseyde
Both present love as bodily disturbance and identity crisis, with social circumstance turning desire toward suffering.
Wuthering Heights + The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
Anne Brontë's novel also uses a framing narrator and a long embedded record, but where Emily's novel is driven by passion, Helen Graham's diary weighs passion against principle and faith.
Youngberg v. Romeo + O'Connor v. Donaldson
Seven years before Romeo's case, the Court held that a state may not confine a non-dangerous person who can live safely in freedom, but it reserved the question of a right to treatment that Youngberg partly addressed.
Youngberg v. Romeo + Olmstead v. L. C.
Where Powell asked what conditions are owed inside an institution, the 1999 decision asked when federal disability law requires placement outside one, again giving weight to the judgment of treating professionals.
Youngberg v. Romeo + Addington v. Texas
Addington set the standard of proof for committing a person in the first place; Youngberg concerns the rights that follow once commitment is accepted.
Youngberg v. Romeo + Buck v. Bell
Both cases arose from residents of state institutions for people judged to have intellectual disabilities, decided fifty-five years apart under very different understandings of the state's role.
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer + The Federalist Papers
Hamilton's case for energy in the executive in Federalist No. 70 and Madison's account of separated powers in No. 47 frame the dispute between Vinson and the majority.
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer + The Spirit of the Laws
Montesquieu's warning that liberty is lost when legislative and executive powers are united in one person underlies Black's insistence that the President may not make law.
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer + United States v. Nixon
Two decades later the Court again limited a President, rejecting an absolute claim of executive privilege; both cases test whether the Executive is under the law.
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer + Korematsu v. United States
Black and Jackson had divided over wartime executive action in 1944; in 1952 both concluded that the President had exceeded his authority.
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer + The Anti-Federalist Papers
Anti-Federalist writers warned that the presidency could grow into an elective monarchy, a fear echoed in Jackson's caution about emergency powers.
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer + The Founding Documents
The opinions turn on the opening clauses of Articles I and II, the Commander in Chief clause and the take care clause.
Zelman v. Simmons-Harris + Everson v. Board of Education
Souter opened his dissent by quoting Everson's statement that no tax may be levied to support religious institutions, and argued that the majority could not leave Everson on the books.
Zelman v. Simmons-Harris + Lemon v. Kurtzman
Breyer quoted Lemon's warning about political division along religious lines; the majority distinguished direct salary payments of the kind struck down in 1971 from aid steered by parents' choices.
Zelman v. Simmons-Harris + Pierce v. Society of Sisters
Pierce secured parents' freedom to choose religious schools in 1925; Zelman addressed whether a state may help low-income parents pay for that choice.
Zelman v. Simmons-Harris + Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Thomas quoted Brown's statement that no child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if denied the opportunity of an education.
Zelman v. Simmons-Harris + The Wealth of Nations
Smith's discussion of how teachers' pay and competition affect instruction anticipates the economic reasoning behind voucher proposals.