Great Lives

Marie de France

fl. c. 1160–1215 · Medieval poet who wrote in French in England, author of the Lais, short verse romances.

Marie de France was a poet who lived and wrote in England in the late twelfth century and was probably born in France. Virtually nothing is known of her life. Her name comes from a line in one of her works, 'Marie ai num, si sui de France', 'My name is Marie, and I am from France'; scholars have proposed several noblewomen and abbesses of the time as her identity, but none has been proven. Her works were almost certainly known at the court of King Henry II of England. She wrote in Old French, probably the Anglo-Norman form used in England, and she also knew Latin and English. She is considered the first woman known to have written verse in French. Her Lais are twelve short poems in rhyming couplets, based on Breton tales, about love, loyalty and adventure, sometimes with magical elements such as a knight who turns into a werewolf. She also translated a collection of Aesop's fables and wrote a poem about the legend of St Patrick's Purgatory. Her Lais influenced later medieval romance.

Marie de France is also an author in the library: author page and works.

Faith: Faith not well documented. Source: Wikipedia

Marie de France, a later depiction by Richard of Verdun
Marie de France, a later depiction by Richard of Verdun Source · Public domain

Key dates

  • c. 1160–1215 Period of her literary activity
  • Late 12th century Writes the Lais
  • Late 12th century Translates Aesop's fables

Record-breaker

Firsts and records, worded as the sources give them ("first known", "at the time").

Read about them

Grades 9–12

More lives

Giovanni Boccaccio · Cædmon · Geoffrey Chaucer · Dante Alighieri · Einhard · Anna Komnene

Notes: Marie de France's identity and dates are unknown; fl. c. 1160–1215 is the scholarly estimate, and born/died fields use those bounds.