Great Lives

Napoleon Bonaparte

1769–1821 · French general and emperor who conquered much of Europe and gave France its civil code.

Napoleon Bonaparte was born on the island of Corsica, which had just become French. Trained as an artillery officer, he rose quickly in the wars of the French Revolution, winning brilliant victories in Italy in 1796 and 1797. In 1799 he seized power in a coup and made himself First Consul, and in 1804 he crowned himself Emperor of the French. At home he reorganized the government, made peace with the Catholic Church, founded schools and a national bank, and issued the Civil Code, a clear set of laws later copied in many countries. Abroad he defeated Austria, Prussia and Russia in battles such as Austerlitz and made his relatives kings across Europe. His invasion of Russia in 1812 ended in disaster, with most of his army lost in the retreat. Defeated in 1814 and exiled to the island of Elba, he escaped and returned for a hundred days until his final defeat at Waterloo in 1815. He died in exile on the island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic in 1821.

Napoleon Bonaparte is also an author in the library: author page and works.

Faith: Baptized and raised a Roman Catholic; his Concordat of 1801 with Pope Pius VII restored relations with the Catholic Church. His personal beliefs are debated. Source: Wikipedia

Further reading

Napoleon Bonaparte by Jacques-Louis David
Napoleon Bonaparte by Jacques-Louis David Source · Public domain

Key dates

  • 1769 Born at Ajaccio, Corsica
  • 1799 Seizes power as First Consul
  • 1804 Crowned emperor; Civil Code issued
  • 1812 Invasion of Russia
  • 1815 Defeated at Waterloo
  • 1821 Dies on Saint Helena

Fun facts

  • He is often pictured wearing a large two-cornered hat sideways, with one hand tucked into his waistcoat, a pose made famous by a painting by Jacques-Louis David. (Source: Napoleon (Wikipedia))

Watch

  • Biography Napoleon Bonaparte: The Mighty Ruler of France | Full Documentary | Biography. Biography. Watch on YouTube

  • Summary Napoleon Bonaparte: Crash Course European History #22. CrashCourse. Watch on YouTube

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