Richard I of England

Richard was the third son of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. He grew up largely in his mother's lands in France and became Duke of Aquitaine, where he earned a reputation as a bold soldier. He rebelled more than once against his father, and on Henry's death in 1189 he became king. Almost at once he raised money for a crusade to recover Jerusalem from Saladin. In the Holy Land he helped capture Acre in 1191 and defeated Saladin at Arsuf, earning the name Lionheart, but he twice turned back short of Jerusalem, judging it could not be held. In 1192 he made a truce with Saladin. Sailing home, he was shipwrecked and captured by Duke Leopold of Austria and handed to the emperor Henry VI, who released him only after England paid a huge ransom. He spent his last years fighting King Philip II of France to defend his French lands. In 1199, while besieging the castle of Châlus, he was struck by a crossbow bolt and died of the wound.

Faith: King of England who prepared for and led the Third Crusade. Source: Dictionary of National Biography (1885–1900) (via Wikisource)