Abraham Kuyper

Abraham Kuyper was born in Maassluis in the Netherlands in 1837, the son of a minister. He studied theology at Leiden and became a pastor, serving congregations in Beesd, Utrecht and Amsterdam, where his views became strongly Calvinist. He founded and edited a daily newspaper, De Standaard, and led the Anti-Revolutionary Party, one of the first organized political parties in the country. In 1880 he founded the Vrije Universiteit (Free University) in Amsterdam, independent of both church and state, and he later led a split from the national Dutch Reformed Church that formed the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands. He set out his idea of 'sphere sovereignty', that family, church, school and state each have their own authority. In 1898 he gave the Stone Lectures at Princeton, published as Lectures on Calvinism. He was prime minister of the Netherlands from 1901 to 1905 and continued writing and serving in parliament until his death in The Hague in 1920.

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Faith: Dutch Reformed pastor and orthodox Calvinist theologian who led a secession from the national Reformed Church in 1886. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica