Scipio Africanus
236–183 BC · Roman general who defeated Hannibal at Zama and ended the Second Punic War.
Publius Cornelius Scipio came from one of Rome's leading families. As a young officer in the Second Punic War, he is said to have saved his father's life in a cavalry battle, and he survived the disaster at Cannae. After his father and uncle were killed fighting the Carthaginians in Spain, the Roman people gave him command there in 210 BC, though he was only about twenty-five. He captured the main Carthaginian base, New Carthage, in a daring attack, and by 206 BC had driven Carthage out of Spain. Elected consul, he took an army to Africa to threaten Carthage itself, forcing it to call Hannibal home from Italy. In 202 BC at Zama, Scipio defeated Hannibal, ending the war, and he received the name Africanus. He later served as censor and fought in the east against King Antiochus. His political enemies, led by Cato the Elder, accused his family of misusing funds. Bitter, he retired to his estate at Liternum, where he died around 183 BC, about the same time as Hannibal.
Faith: Practiced Roman religion and was known for frequent visits to the Temple of Jupiter. Source: Wikipedia
See also: Plutarch's Life of Cato the Elder
Key dates
- 216 BC Survives the Battle of Cannae
- 210 BC Takes command in Spain
- 206 BC Drives Carthage from Spain
- 202 BC Defeats Hannibal at Zama
- c. 183 BC Dies at Liternum
Fun facts
- He helped make the clean-shaven face fashionable among Romans, following the example of Alexander the Great, and the style lasted until the time of the emperor Hadrian. (Source: Scipio Africanus (Wikipedia))
Record-breaker
Firsts and records, worded as the sources give them ("first known", "at the time").
- He was the first person given a proconsul's command (imperium) without first having been consul. (Source: Scipio Africanus (Wikipedia))
Read about them
Grades 9–12
- The History of Rome, Books I-V · In the library
More lives
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