Cicero
106–43 BC · Roman orator, lawyer and statesman whose Latin prose became a model for centuries.
Marcus Tullius Cicero was born at Arpinum, a country town, into a family that had never held high office in Rome. He made his name as a lawyer through his skill as a speaker, and in 63 BC he was elected consul. That year he uncovered a plot by the senator Catiline to overthrow the government and denounced him in four famous speeches. He had several of the conspirators executed without trial, and for this he was later exiled for a year. Cicero tried to defend the Republic as Caesar and Pompey grew more powerful. Out of politics during Caesar's dictatorship, he wrote books that made Greek philosophy available in Latin, on duty, friendship, old age, the gods and the best form of government. After Caesar's murder he attacked Mark Antony in a series of speeches called the Philippics. When Antony, Octavian and Lepidus joined forces, Antony had Cicero's name put on a death list, and he was killed in 43 BC. His letters, speeches and essays shaped Latin style for centuries.
Cicero is also an author in the library: author page and works.
Faith: Faith not well documented beyond the Roman religion of his day; he held the Roman priestly office of augur. Source: Wikipedia
Further reading
- Cicero: A Very Short Introduction by Yelena Baraz (Oxford University Press, 2025), ISBN 9780192885807
See also: Plutarch's Life of Cicero
Key dates
- 63 BC Consul; speeches against Catiline
- 58 BC Exiled from Rome
- 45–44 BC Writes major philosophical works
- 43 BC Killed on Antony's orders
Fun facts
- His family name, Cicero, comes from the Latin word for chickpea (cicer). (Source: Cicero (Wikipedia))
In their words
“Now the foundation of justice is faithfulness, which is a perseverance and truth in all our declarations and in all our promises.”
Read about them
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Grades 9–12
- First Oration Against Catiline · In the library
- On Duties (De Officiis) · In the library
- Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans · In the library
- The Republic and The Laws · In the library
- Cicero: The Life and Times of Rome's Greatest Politician by Anthony Everitt (Random House Publishing Group, 2011; ISBN 9781588360342)
Bookshop.org · Amazon
More lives
Aristotle · Augustus · Julius Caesar · Confucius · Epictetus · Epicurus