Great Lives

Epictetus

c. 50–c. 135 · Greek Stoic philosopher, born enslaved, whose teachings were recorded in the Discourses and the Enchiridion.

Epictetus was born around AD 50 in Hierapolis, in Phrygia (in present-day Turkey). He was enslaved as a young man in Rome, where his owner, Epaphroditus, was a wealthy freedman who served the emperor Nero. He was allowed to study Stoic philosophy with the teacher Musonius Rufus, and he later gained his freedom. Ancient sources say he was lame, perhaps from mistreatment or illness. Around 93 the emperor Domitian expelled philosophers from Rome, and Epictetus moved to Nicopolis in western Greece, where he founded a school and taught for the rest of his life. He wrote nothing himself, but his student Arrian recorded his lectures in the Discourses and summarized them in a short handbook, the Enchiridion. Epictetus taught that some things are within our control, such as our judgments and choices, and others are not, such as health, wealth and reputation, and that peace of mind comes from focusing on the first. The emperor Marcus Aurelius admired him. He died around 135.

Epictetus is also an author in the library: author page and works.

Faith: Faith not well documented; a Stoic philosopher. Source: Wikipedia

Epictetus, a later depiction by Theodoor Galle (1605)
Epictetus, a later depiction by Theodoor Galle (1605) Source · Public domain

Key dates

  • c. 50 Born in Hierapolis, Phrygia
  • c. 93 Philosophers expelled from Rome; moves to Nicopolis
  • c. 135 Dies at Nicopolis

Read about them

Grades 9–12

More lives

Aristotle · Cicero · Confucius · Epicurus · Heraclitus · Kautilya (Chanakya)

Notes: His dates are approximate.