Virtue index · Theological virtue

Charity

The theological virtue by which we love God above all things for his own sake, and our neighbor as ourselves for the love of God.

Definitions from the tradition

  • Aquinas, Summa Theologiae II-II, q. 23: Charity is friendship of man with God, founded on his sharing of his happiness with us; it is the form and mother of all the virtues.

  • Augustine, City of God XIV.28: Two loves have made two cities: love of self to the contempt of God, and love of God to the contempt of self.

  • Scripture, 1 Corinthians 13:4 (KJV): “Charity suffereth long, and is kind; charity envieth not; charity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up”

  • Scripture, 1 Corinthians 13:13 (KJV): “And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity”

Scripture is quoted from the King James Version as given in the library’s text. Other definitions are summarized, not quoted.

Opposing vices

  • Envy: Sorrow at another’s good.
  • Hatred: Willing evil to another.
  • Indifference: Coldness to the needs of a neighbor.

Works that show charity (232)

The BibleAnonymous1 Corinthians 13 is the classic description of charity.composed c. 1000 BCE – c. 100 CE; KJV 1611The Homeric HymnsAnonymous (Homeric)Demeter, though grieving, takes the infant Demophoon to her breast and nurses him in the house of Celeus.7th–6th century BCIphigenia in Aulis and Other PlaysEuripidesElectra tends her raving brother night and day in the opening of Orestes.c. 430–405 BCThe Athenian ConstitutionAristotle (attributed)The restored democracy of 403 swears an amnesty for past wrongs rather than taking revenge after the rule of the Thirty.c. 330 BCLife of St. MartinSulpitius Severus; Alexander RobertsMartin divides his cloak with a freezing beggar at Amiens.c. 397; Roberts translation 1894City of GodAugustine of HippoAugustine distinguishes the two cities by their two loves: love of God and love of self.413–426 CESt. Patrick's WritingsPatrick of Ireland; Muirchu; TirechanPatrick returns to the land of his captivity to preach to those who enslaved him.5th century; later legends 7th centuryThe Rule of St BenedictBenedict of NursiaBenedict commands that guests be received as Christ and the sick cared for before all.c. 530 CEHistory of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War)Procopius of CaesareaDuring the plague of 542 members of the rival factions bury the bodies of strangers with their own hands.c. 550 CEEcclesiastical History of the English PeopleBedeKing Oswald sends his Easter feast to the poor at his gate and has the silver dish broken up and shared among them.731A Treatise on the Smallpox and MeaslesAbu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes)His careful remedies for the eyes, throat and skin aim to spare sick children blindness, pain and lasting scars.c. 910The Canon of Medicine, Book IIbn Sina (Avicenna)Part 4 counsels the physician to please and calm the patient by anything that can reasonably gratify him, treating the sick person's joy as part of care.c. 1025The AlexiadAnna KomneneAlexios founds the Orphanage, assigning servants to the blind and lame and giving orphans an education.c. 1148The Prose EddaSnorri SturlusonFrigg's love for Baldr moves her to seek an oath from every created thing, and all creation weeps to bring him back from Hel.c. 1220Early Franciscan SourcesFrancis of Assisi; Thomas of Celano; Bonaventure; Brother Ugolino; othersFrancis embraces the leper and serves the poor.c. 1209-1390Sts. Cosmas and Damian: Physician SaintsJacobus de Voragine; Byzantine miracle traditionThe twin physician saints were called anargyroi, healing without taking payment.late antique cult; medieval miracle collectionsThe Divine ComedyDante AlighieriThe poem ends in the love that moves the sun and the other stars.c. 1308-1321The MabinogionAnonymous (Middle Welsh)Enid keeps warning Geraint of danger on their silent journey though he has forbidden her to speak, staying loyal to a husband who doubts her.11th-14th century (manuscripts c. 1350-1410)The Canterbury TalesGeoffrey ChaucerThe Parson and the Ploughman give to the poor and help their neighbors without pay.c. 1387-1400Le Morte d'ArthurThomas MaloryLauncelot prays over the wounded Sir Urre, asking that the healing be God's work and not his own.1485 (Caxton; completed c. 1469-70)UtopiaThomas MoreEvery city keeps four great hospitals where the sick receive the first and best of the market.1516 (Latin); English 1551On Free Will (De Libero Arbitrio)Desiderius ErasmusWriting against Luther, he keeps the form of a scholarly discussion and avoids the personal abuse common in the pamphlets of 1524.1524The Popol Vuh (Lewis Spence's account)Anonymous (K'iche' Maya); Lewis SpenceXmucane, at first doubtful, receives the fugitive Xquiq into her home after the miracle of the maize.c. 1554-1558; Spence 1908The Faerie Queene, Book IEdmund SpenserCharissa and the seven beadsmen in Canto X teach the knight works of mercy to the poor, the prisoner, the sick and the dead.1590Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Preface and Book I)Richard HookerHe praises Calvin as the wisest man the French church ever had and addresses those he argues against as beloved brethren.1594The Comedy of ErrorsWilliam ShakespeareThe Abbess gives sanctuary to the frightened travelers and offers to nurse the supposed madman herself.c. 1594 (First Folio 1623)The Merchant of VeniceWilliam ShakespearePortia's Act 4 speech teaches that mercy blesses both giver and receiver and is an attribute of God himself.c. 1596-97 (published 1600)As You Like ItWilliam ShakespeareAdam gives Orlando his life's savings, and Orlando risks his life to save Oliver from the lioness.c. 1599 (First Folio 1623)OthelloWilliam ShakespeareDesdemona keeps pleading for Cassio after Othello strikes her and with her dying words protects her husband.c. 1603-04 (published 1622)Sonnet 116William ShakespeareThe sonnet defines love as bearing it out to the edge of doom, the enduring love Paul describes in 1 Corinthians 13.1609The TempestWilliam ShakespeareProspero forgives Alonso, Sebastian and even Antonio when he holds them all helpless in Act 5.c. 1610-11 (First Folio 1623)A Model of Christian CharityJohn WinthropWinthrop defines love as the bond of perfection and calls the company to make other's conditions their own, rejoicing, mourning, laboring, and suffering together.1630The Lives of Richard Hooker, George Herbert and Robert SandersonIzaak WaltonHerbert helps a poor man reload his fallen horse, and Sanderson pleads with a landlord for a tenant ruined by a flood.1665-1678Grace Abounding to the Chief of SinnersJohn BunyanIn prison his strongest grief is for his blind daughter Mary and the hardship his family may suffer (§§327-328).1666Paradise LostJohn MiltonIn Book III the Son freely offers his own life so that man may find grace.1667; revised 1674PatriarchaRobert FilmerHe sums up every duty of a king as a universal fatherly care to preserve, feed, clothe, instruct and defend his people.c. 1630s (published 1680)A Letter Concerning TolerationJohn LockeLocke insists that no one can be a Christian without the faith that works by love, and that persecutors who claim to love souls contradict themselves.1689The Practice of the Presence of GodBrother LawrenceHe writes patient letters of counsel to a soldier's family, a young nun and a sick friend, and promises them his prayers.1692The History of Tom Jones, a FoundlingHenry FieldingTom sells his horse and Bible to help Black George's starving family and later rescues Mrs Miller's relations in London.1749Elegy Written in a Country ChurchyardThomas GrayThe youth of the Epitaph gave to misery all he had, a tear, and his bounty was large.1751Discourse on the Origin of InequalityJean-Jacques RousseauRousseau makes natural pity, which hurries us without reflection to help those in distress, the root of every social virtue in the First Part.1755The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, GentlemanLaurence SterneToby and Trim nurse the dying Lieutenant Le Fever at the inn and take responsibility for his orphaned son.1759-1767Commentaries on the Laws of EnglandWilliam BlackstoneChapter 8 casts the crown as trustee for lunatics, preserving their estates for their use should they recover.1765-1769The Journal of John WoolmanJohn WoolmanOn the voyage he chooses the steerage and spends his days among the sailors, grieving over their hardships and speaking with them one by one.1774The Virginia Declaration of RightsGeorge MasonSection XVI closes by declaring it the mutual duty of all to practice Christian forbearance, love and charity toward one another.1776The Wealth of NationsAdam SmithBook I, ch. viii insists that those who feed, clothe and lodge the nation deserve to be tolerably fed, clothed and lodged themselves.1776Essays on Education in a RepublicBenjamin RushIn the letter to Clymer Rush pleads the cause of children beaten in school, arguing that they should be governed by reason, hope and love.1786-1798The Life of Samuel JohnsonJames BoswellHe gives a home in his London house to the blind Anna Williams, the practitioner Robert Levett and other poor dependents.1791A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People During the Late Awful Calamity in PhiladelphiaRichard Allen and Absalom JonesAllen and Jones describe how Black Philadelphians nursed the sick and buried the dead during the epidemic.1794Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern AbbeyWilliam WordsworthHe prizes the little, nameless, unremembered acts of kindness and love as the best portion of a good man's life.1798Tales from ShakespeareCharles and Mary LambPortia begs Shylock to show mercy before she ever turns the law against him.1807Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales)Jacob and Wilhelm GrimmThe Simpleton shares his poor cake and sour beer with the little grey man, who in return gives him the golden goose and helps him win the princess.1812–1857EmmaJane AustenMr. Knightley quietly sends the Bateses his last apples and his carriage, and reminds Emma that Miss Bates's poverty should secure her compassion.1815IvanhoeWalter ScottRebecca nurses the wounded Ivanhoe though his people despise hers, and leaves England to serve the sick.1819 (dated 1820)The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.Washington IrvingSquire Bracebridge opens his hall to tenants and villagers at Christmas, and Crayon praises the season for kindling charity in the heart.1819-1820Trustees of Dartmouth College v. WoodwardSupreme Court of the United StatesMarshall honours Wheelock's charity school and the voluntary gifts behind it, describing such institutions as filling a place government would otherwise leave vacant.1819Philosophy of RightG. W. F. HegelThe sections on the family describe marriage and the household as a unity founded on love, and the civic community's corporations care for their members in need.1820The Last of the MohicansJames Fenimore CooperAt Glenn's Falls Cora urges Hawkeye and the Mohicans to escape for help rather than die defending the captives.1826Father Goriot (Le Père Goriot)Honoré de BalzacRastignac and Bianchon nurse the dying Goriot and pawn a watch to bury him when his daughters will not.1835Oliver TwistCharles DickensThe Maylies and Mr. Losberne nurse the wounded Oliver and shield him from arrest although he was found in their house after a burglary.1838My Last DuchessRobert BrowningThe Duchess thanks the painter, the servant who brought cherries and her husband alike, a generous warmth the Duke calls a fault.1842A Christmas CarolCharles DickensScrooge is converted from avarice to generosity toward the Cratchits and the poor. Opposing vice: Indifference.1843Fairy Tales (Selection)Hans Christian AndersenGerda walks barefoot through the world to rescue Kay, and her tears melt the ice in his heart.1835–1872Jane EyreCharlotte BrontëJane forgives the dying Mrs. Reed and divides her uncle's twenty thousand pounds equally with her newfound cousins.1847The Tenant of Wildfell HallAnne BrontëHelen returns to nurse the husband who betrayed her through his last illness and prays for him to the end. Opposing vice: Hatred.1848KalevalaElias Lönnrot (compiler)Lemminkäinen's mother wades into the river of death and rakes it again and again until she recovers her son. Opposing vice: Indifference.1835; enlarged 1849The LawFrédéric BastiatHis reply to Lamartine defends fraternity as a free act of love that law would corrupt by compelling it.1850A Wonder-Book for Girls and BoysNathaniel HawthorneBaucis and Philemon give their last bread and milk to two ragged strangers whom the whole village has mocked.1851CranfordElizabeth GaskellMiss Matty's friends secretly give from their own small incomes so she can keep her home after the bank fails.1851–53Bleak HouseCharles DickensEsther nurses her maid Charley through the fever and catches it herself.1852–53Uncle Tom's CabinHarriet Beecher StoweEva's love for Topsy and Tom's forgiveness of Sambo and Quimbo turn hard hearts to repentance.1852 (serialized 1851-52)RuthElizabeth GaskellRuth Hilton is cared for by the Bensons and redeems her life by nursing the sick in an epidemic.1853VilletteCharlotte BrontëM. Paul secretly supports the household of Madame Walravens and Père Silas for the sake of his dead fiancée.1853Hard TimesCharles DickensSissy Jupe goes alone to James Harthouse and persuades him to leave Coketown, protecting Louisa's name.1854The Age of FableThomas BulfinchBaucis and Philemon share their last food with two travellers whom their rich neighbours turned away, not knowing they are gods.1855The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My ChildrenCharles KingsleyJason carries a helpless old woman across the flooded Anauros at the cost of his sandal, not knowing she is the goddess Hera.1856Germ Theory Papers (Pasteur and Lister)Louis Pasteur and Joseph ListerLister measures his method by the lives and limbs of his patients, reporting that limbs once condemned to amputation could now be kept.1857-1880Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many LandsMary SeacoleOn the field of the Tchernaya she dresses the wounds of Russian soldiers as carefully as those of the allies.1857A Tale of Two CitiesCharles DickensCarton takes Darnay's place at the guillotine so that Lucie may keep the life she loves.1859Great ExpectationsCharles DickensJoe nurses Pip through his fever and secretly pays his debts after Pip has neglected him for years.1860-61Incidents in the Life of a Slave GirlHarriet A. JacobsMrs. Bruce buys Linda's freedom and tells her she did it not for her services but so she would be a free woman.1861Silas MarnerGeorge EliotSilas takes in an orphan and gives her sixteen years of patient, self-forgetting care.1861The Chemical History of a CandleMichael FaradayThe lectures close with his wish that his hearers shine as lights to those about them and do their duty to their fellow-men.1861Les MisérablesVictor HugoBishop Myriel gives Valjean the candlesticks after he has stolen the silver, and Valjean spends his fortune on Fantine and Cosette.1862Notes from UndergroundFyodor DostoevskyWhen the narrator breaks down during her visit, Liza embraces him in pity instead of answering his insults.1864Hans Brinker, or the Silver SkatesMary Mapes DodgeHans gives his skate strap to Peter just before the race, giving up his own chance at the silver skates.1865Second Inaugural AddressAbraham LincolnOn the eve of victory he asks for malice toward none and charity for all toward a defeated enemy.1865Crime and PunishmentFyodor DostoevskySonya reads him the raising of Lazarus and follows Raskolnikov to Siberia, loving him toward repentance.1866War and PeaceLeo TolstoyNatásha persuades her parents to unload their possessions from the carts so that wounded soldiers can be carried out of Moscow.1865-1869Little WomenLouisa May AlcottThe girls give their Christmas breakfast to the poor Hummel family.1868–1869The IdiotFyodor DostoevskyMyshkin answers Burdovsky's false claim and insults by offering him money and friendship.1868–69The MoonstoneWilkie CollinsEzra Jennings, shunned by Frizinghall, nurses Mr. Candy through his fever and spends his last strength clearing a stranger's name. Opposing vice: Indifference.1868Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the SeaJules VerneNemo dives against a shark to save a poor pearl fisher off Ceylon and leaves him a bag of pearls.1869-1870 (French); English 1872-73MiddlemarchGeorge EliotDorothea pays the thousand pounds Lydgate owes Bulstrode and goes to Rosamond to comfort her after the scandal.1871–72Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found ThereLewis CarrollAlice waits at the foot of the hill to wave her handkerchief to the White Knight so he will be encouraged as he rides away.1871 (dated 1872)CarmillaJ. Sheridan Le FanuLaura's father takes in an apparently injured stranger out of kindness, a generous act that the story shows can also be exploited.1872Black BeautyAnna SewellThe novel urges kindness to horses and other creatures.1877I Will Fight No More ForeverChief JosephHis only request is time to look for the children and families who fled into the hills.1877Illustrations of the Logic of ScienceCharles Sanders PeirceThe Doctrine of Chances argues that sound reasoning requires identifying one's interests with an unlimited community rather than oneself.1877-1878HeidiJohanna SpyriHeidi’s love softens her grandfather and serves Clara. Opposing vice: Indifference.1880 (Stork trans. 1919)The Brothers KaramazovFyodor DostoevskyFather Zosima teaches active love and calls hell the suffering of being unable to love. Opposing vice: Hatred.1880The Prince and the PauperMark TwainEdward vows in prison to abolish the laws that maimed the old lawyer and burned the Baptist women, and keeps the vow as king.1881Life on the MississippiMark TwainHenry swims back to the wrecked Pennsylvania to help the wounded, and the people of Memphis nurse forty scalded strangers in a public hall.1883The Adventures of PinocchioCarlo CollodiHearing that the Fairy is ill and penniless, Pinocchio gives the Snail the fifty pennies he had saved for a new suit.1881-1883 (Italian; book 1883)The Princess and CurdieGeorge MacDonaldDerba takes in Curdie and Lina when every other door in Gwyntystorm is shut.1883 (serialized 1882)Adventures of Huckleberry FinnMark TwainJim gives up his chance of escape to stay beside the wounded Tom Sawyer and help the doctor nurse him.1884 (UK) / 1885 (US)Little Lord FauntleroyFrances Hodgson BurnettCedric spends his first money as heir on Bridget's rent, Dick's business and the apple-woman, and later asks for crutches for the lame boy Hartle.1886 (serialized 1885-86)The Death of Ivan IlyichLeo TolstoyGerasim’s simple care for the dying Ivan contrasts with his family’s evasions.1886Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish PeasantryW. B. Yeats (editor)Countess Kathleen O'Shea gives away her wealth and finally her soul to save her people from the demon merchants.1888The Black ArrowRobert Louis StevensonDick spares Sir Daniel on his wedding morning and tells him to seek God's forgiveness, since Dick's own is freely given.1888 (serialized 1883)Poems: First, Second and Third SeriesEmily DickinsonIf I can stop one heart from breaking measures a life by easing one person's pain or helping one fainting robin.1890–1896Rerum NovarumPope Leo XIIIThe encyclical ends by calling charity the queen of virtues and the chief source of the remedies it proposes.1891The Picture of Dorian GrayOscar WildeDorian's contempt for Sibyl after her failed performance as Juliet is the first act the portrait records, showing love turned to self-regard. Opposing vice: Indifference.1891Jude the ObscureThomas HardyMrs. Edlin keeps faith with Jude and Sue when others shun them, and comes to Jude at the end.1895The Red Badge of CourageStephen CraneThe tattered soldier, badly wounded himself, worries about Henry's supposed wound and about Jim Conklin, and Henry's desertion of him becomes the sin he cannot forget.1895Cyrano de BergeracEdmond RostandHe keeps silent for fifteen years so that Roxane's memory of Christian is not spoiled.1897 (French)The Arabian Nights EntertainmentsAndrew Lang (ed.)Sindbad feeds the complaining porter Hindbad, tells him his history and sends him home each day with a hundred sequins.1898The Story of a SoulTherese of LisieuxShe prays for the condemned murderer Pranzini and discovers in Chapter XI that her vocation is love.1898The War of the WorldsH. G. WellsThe brother defends Mrs. Elphinstone and her sister-in-law from robbers and brings them safely to the coast.1898Uncle VanyaAnton ChekhovMarina comforts the sleepless professor in Act II, wrapping his legs in a shawl and promising to pray for him, after he has kept the whole house awake.1898The Wonderful Wizard of OzL. Frank BaumThe Tin Woodman saves the Queen of the Field Mice from a wildcat, and he weeps when he accidentally steps on a beetle.1900Five Children and ItE. NesbitAnthea treats the cross Psammead gently from the first day and in the last chapter asks it whether it would like to rest.1902The Hound of the BaskervillesArthur Conan DoyleMrs. Barrymore risks her place to feed her escaped brother because, she says, he is still the boy she nursed.1902 (serialized 1901-02)The Tale of Peter RabbitBeatrix PotterMrs. Rabbit nurses the returning Peter with chamomile tea rather than shaming him. Opposing vice: Indifference.1902The Call of the WildJack LondonThornton risks Hal's anger to cut the beaten Buck free and nurses him back to health.1903The Story of My LifeHelen KellerAnne Sullivan spells into Helen's hand for weeks, out of love, before her pupil understands a single word.1903Christ LegendsSelma LagerlöfThe shepherd in The Holy Night gives his sheepskin to keep the newborn Child warm, and the robin pulls a thorn from the brow of the Crucified One.1904A Little PrincessFrances Hodgson BurnettStarving herself, Sara gives five of her six hot buns to the beggar girl on the baker's step.1905Jacobson v. MassachusettsSupreme Court of the United StatesThe opinion treats submission to a public-health measure as a duty owed for the protection of the whole community.1905The Scarlet PimpernelBaroness OrczyThe League risks death on French soil to rescue the de Tournays and other strangers who can do nothing for them in return.1905BotchanNatsume SōsekiKiyo's unwavering love for the boy no one else favoured is repaid when he keeps house with her in Tokyo until her death.1906The Railway ChildrenE. NesbitMother takes in the sick Russian exile and the children help find his family.1906White FangJack LondonWeedon Scott pays to save a dog everyone calls hopeless and wins him by months of patience instead of the club. Opposing vice: Wrath.1906Anne of Green GablesL. M. MontgomeryAnne gives up the Avery scholarship to stay with Marilla after Matthew's death, and Gilbert yields her the Avonlea school.1908The Phantom of the OperaGaston LerouxChristine, a captive, lets Erik kiss her forehead and weeps with him, the first compassion he has ever received.1910Twenty Years at Hull-HouseJane AddamsAddams leaves a comfortable life to live on Halsted Street among the poor immigrants of Chicago's Nineteenth Ward.1910Peter Pan (Peter and Wendy)J. M. BarrieTinker Bell, for all her jealousy, drinks the poisoned medicine Hook meant for Peter in order to save his life.1911 (as Peter and Wendy; play 1904)The Innocence of Father BrownG. K. ChestertonSpeaking to Flambeau in the tree in The Flying Stars, Brown asks him to give back the diamonds for his own soul's sake, and wins a friend instead of a conviction.1911Early Poems: A Boy's Will, North of Boston, Mountain IntervalRobert FrostMary urges Warren to be kind to Silas and to give the dying hired man a home he has not earned.1913–1916PollyannaEleanor H. PorterShe carries jelly to Mrs. Snow, befriends the lonely Mr. Pendleton and begs a home for Jimmy Bean.1913Swann's WayMarcel ProustThe narrator's mother and grandmother surround the anxious child with patient tenderness, and his father unexpectedly lets his mother spend the night beside him.1913The Prussian Officer and Other StoriesD. H. LawrenceLouisa nurses Mrs Durant in her last illness and cares for Alfred in his grief.1914In Flanders FieldsJohn McCraeThe dead remember first that they loved and were loved, setting love at the centre of the lives they gave.1915The MetamorphosisFranz KafkaIn Part II Grete at first sets out a variety of foods to discover what her changed brother can eat, a picture of care that the story later shows failing.1915The Thirty-Nine StepsJohn BuchanTurnbull nurses the fevered stranger for ten days and has to be pressed to accept any payment.1915Relativity: The Special and General TheoryAlbert EinsteinHe repeats himself and uses everyday examples so that readers without mathematics can follow, hoping to give them a few happy hours of thought.1916Understood BetsyDorothy Canfield FisherThe girls sew clothes for 'Lias and leave them on his doorstep without signing their names.1917 (serialized 1916)Autobiography of Andrew CarnegieAndrew CarnegieRemembering Colonel Anderson's books, he spends his later years funding thousands of public libraries.1920Bliss and Other StoriesKatherine MansfieldKezia's horror and tears when Pat beheads the duck in Prelude show a child's tenderness toward a creature the others treat as sport. Opposing vice: Indifference.1920The Mysterious Affair at StylesAgatha ChristieMrs. Inglethorp gives a home to seven Belgian refugees, Poirot among them, in Styles St. Mary.1920This Side of ParadiseF. Scott FitzgeraldMonsignor Darcy gives Amory years of patient affection and counsel, writing to him as a son.1920Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other PlaysLuigi PirandelloPonza and Signora Frola each shield the other's supposed delusion, accepting hardship rather than shattering it.1921The Velveteen RabbitMargery WilliamsLong, patient love—not factory perfection—makes the rabbit Real. Opposing vice: Indifference.1922The Waste LandT. S. EliotThe thunder's first word, Datta, asks what we have given and points to the daring of self-surrender as the only true existence.1922The Murder on the LinksAgatha ChristieBella Duveen confesses to a crime she did not commit to save Jack, the man she loves.1923Linder v. United StatesSupreme Court of the United StatesThe opinion treats persons suffering from addiction as patients deserving care rather than merely as customers of an illegal trade.1925Mrs. DallowayVirginia WoolfRezia stays beside Septimus through his visions in Regent's Park, though she is lonely and frightened, and fights to keep him from being taken away.1925Religion and the Rise of CapitalismR. H. TawneyHe records how older teaching treated relief of the poor as a Christian duty rather than a reward for good conduct.1926To the LighthouseVirginia WoolfMrs Ramsay knits a stocking for the lighthouse keeper's sick boy and plans to take it to him with other gifts.1927The House at Pooh CornerA. A. MilnePiglet agrees that his own house is just the house for Owl, and Pooh immediately takes the homeless Piglet in to live with him. Opposing vice: Indifference.1928A Farewell to ArmsErnest HemingwayThe priest visits the wounded Frederic in the field hospital with vermouth and newspapers and speaks to him of the love that wishes to serve.1929All Quiet on the Western FrontErich Maria RemarqueIn the shell-hole Paul bandages and gives water to the Frenchman he has stabbed and asks his forgiveness.1929 (German, Im Westen nichts Neues, serialized 1928)Little House in the Big WoodsLaura Ingalls WilderLaura and Mary each save half of Mrs. Peterson's cookies for baby Carrie.1932Farmer BoyLaura Ingalls WilderEliza Jane, after their quarrel, patches the blacking stain herself and never tells their parents what Almanzo did.1933Little House on the PrairieLaura Ingalls WilderDr. Tan and Mrs. Scott tend the whole sick family in the fever chapter, and Mr. Edwards swims a flooded creek to bring the girls their Christmas.1935The General Theory of Employment, Interest and MoneyJohn Maynard KeynesThe book's whole aim, stated from chapter 1, is to explain and remedy the involuntary unemployment that left millions idle in the Depression.1936Helvering v. DavisSupreme Court of the United StatesCardozo's opinion dwells on the fear of destitution among the elderly and treats their security as a concern of the whole nation.1937The HobbitJ. R. R. TolkienBilbo gives up the Arkenstone to Bard and then returns to share his friends' fate, seeking peace over profit.1937Mr. Popper's PenguinsRichard and Florence AtwaterMr. Popper turns down a rich film contract and gives his penguins to Admiral Drake because a cold northern home is better for them than the stage.1938Our TownThornton WilderEmily’s return to an ordinary day calls attention to the love in small things.1938Lassie Come-HomeEric KnightDan'l and Dally Fadden take in a starving stray collie, nurse her, and let her go when they see she must.1940Make Way for DucklingsRobert McCloskeyMichael feeds the Mallards each day and stops a highway of cars so the family can cross.1941Mother Courage and Her ChildrenBertolt BrechtKattrin rescues a baby from a burning house in Scene 5 and gives her life to warn Halle in Scene 11.1941The MoffatsEleanor EstesThe children bring the Salvation Army man they lost off the wagon home to share Sunday dinner, though the Moffats have little to spare.1941The Boxcar ChildrenGertrude Chandler WarnerDr. Moore takes all four children into his own house when Violet falls ill with a fever.1924; revised 1942The Screwtape LettersC. S. LewisThe young woman's household, full of ordinary Christian love, so enrages Screwtape that he turns into a centipede in Letter XXII.1942The StrangerAlbert CamusThe chaplain keeps returning to the condemned man's cell and offers to pray for him even after being refused and attacked.1942The Little PrinceAntoine de Saint-ExupéryThe prince goes back to his rose, choosing to bear the cost of returning because he is responsible for her.1943The Hundred DressesEleanor EstesWanda answers months of mockery by asking that her drawings be given to Peggy and Maddie, the two girls who teased her most.1944Man's Search for MeaningViktor E. FranklHe describes prisoners who walked through the huts comforting others and giving away their last piece of bread.1946 (German, as Ein Psychologe erlebt das Konzentrationslager); English trans. Ilse Lasch 1959; enlarged 1962Everson v. Board of EducationSupreme Court of the United StatesJackson acknowledges with sympathy the burden on Catholic families who support both public and parochial schools, even as he dissents.1947The PearlJohn SteinbeckJuan Tomás and Apolonia hide Kino's family in their house after the fire, at risk to themselves.1947The PlagueAlbert CamusRambert gives up his chance to escape to the woman he loves and stays to serve in the sanitary squads.1947My Father's DragonRuth Stiles GannettElmer brings the drippy alley cat home and keeps feeding her in secret for three weeks after his mother forbids it.1948The Door in the WallMarguerite de AngeliBrother Luke takes in a sick boy whom his own servants have abandoned in the plague.1949Amos Fortune, Free ManElizabeth YatesAmos spends his savings to buy freedom for the dying Lily and later bids at the vendue so Polly Burdoo can spend a free year in his home.1950The Lion, the Witch and the WardrobeC. S. LewisAslan gives up his own life at the Stone Table so that Edmund, who betrayed him, may go free.1950Charlotte's WebE. B. WhiteWilbur carries Charlotte's egg sac home from the fair and watches over it all winter after she has died.1952Mere ChristianityC. S. LewisIn Book III Lewis argues that charity is an act of the will, and that acting as if one loved a neighbour leads to actually loving him.1952Waiting for GodotSamuel BeckettAfter long hesitation the friends lift the fallen, blind Pozzo and his servant from the ground in Act II.1953The Lord of the RingsJ. R. R. TolkienFrodo spares Gollum again and again, and that mercy brings about the Ring's destruction.1954-1955Carry On, Mr. BowditchJean Lee LathamNat teaches even the cook and the deckhands to work lunars and writes a navigator any seaman can use, so that fewer ships are lost.1955Old YellerFred GipsonBurn Sanderson gives up his own dog because he sees how much Little Arliss loves him.1956Till We Have FacesC. S. LewisPsyche goes among the plague-stricken people of Glome to touch and bless them though she may catch the fever.1956Little BearElse Holmelund MinarikMother Bear sews Little Bear a hat, coat and snow pants and arrives with a birthday cake she had planned all along.1957Through Gates of SplendorElisabeth ElliotThe missionaries risk their lives to bring friendship and the gospel to a people others feared and avoided.1957A Bear Called PaddingtonMichael BondMrs. Brown takes a lost bear home from Paddington station on the strength of the label round his neck, and the family keeps him as their own.1958The Witch of Blackbird PondElizabeth George SpeareKit spends her stolen hours at Hannah's cottage teaching Prudence Cruff to read when everyone else thinks the child cannot learn.1958Bedtime for FrancesRussell HobanMother and Father answer every one of Frances's fears with patience, giving her milk, kisses, cake and explanations.1960Island of the Blue DolphinsScott O'DellKarana carries home and nurses the wounded leader of the dogs that killed her brother instead of finishing him with an arrow.1960The Cricket in Times SquareGeorge SeldenTucker hands over his treasured life savings to pay for the two-dollar bill Chester ate.1960To Kill a MockingbirdHarper LeeBoo Radley leaves gifts for the children, mends Jem's trousers, and comes out of his house to save them from Bob Ewell.1960The Bronze BowElizabeth George SpeareDaniel, whose father was crucified by Romans, finally invites the soldier Marcus into his home after Leah is healed.1961A Wrinkle in TimeMadeleine L'EngleMeg returns alone to Camazotz and frees Charles Wallace from IT by loving him.1962Robinson v. CaliforniaSupreme Court of the United StatesDouglas urges that those suffering from addiction be treated as afflicted persons in need of help rather than as outcasts.1962Gideon v. WainwrightSupreme Court of the United StatesAbe Fortas and his firm served without fee to argue the case of a stranger the Court had assigned to them.1963I Have a DreamMartin Luther King Jr.He warns his followers against bitterness and hatred and welcomes the white marchers as allies whose destiny is tied to their own. Opposing vice: Hatred.1963Across Five AprilsIrene HuntJethro feeds and shelters his deserter cousin Eb in the woods instead of abandoning him to hunger or arrest.1964Philosophy of Natural ScienceCarl G. HempelSemmelweis's persistence, as Hempel tells it, is driven by distress at the deaths of the women in the First Division.1966Frog and Toad Are FriendsArnold LobelToad sews all the buttons found during the search onto his jacket and gives it to Frog as a thank-you.1970Lemon v. KurtzmanSupreme Court of the United StatesBurger takes care to honor the enormous contribution of church schools and the sacrifice of the faithful who sustain them, even while ruling against the aid.1971The Hiding PlaceCorrie ten BoomThe ten Booms open the Beje to Jews turned away elsewhere, and Casper accepts arrest rather than close his door to God's ancient people.1971O'Connor v. DonaldsonSupreme Court of the United StatesThe friends and the halfway house that offered to care for Donaldson show the kind of neighborly help the Court recognized as an alternative to confinement.1975Owl at HomeArnold LobelOwl opens his door to Winter on a stormy night because he pities anyone left out in the cold.1975Mouse SoupArnold LobelThe policeman stops to help the weeping old lady and waters her thorn bush until it blooms.1977Grasshopper on the RoadArnold LobelGrasshopper carries the mosquito across the puddle in his own boat rather than mocking the little ferryman's rule.1978Plyler v. DoeSupreme Court of the United StatesBrennan dwells on the lifelong cost to children who had no say in how they came to Texas.1982Youngberg v. RomeoSupreme Court of the United StatesRomeo's mother persisted in objecting to her son's injuries and finally went to court on behalf of a man who could not speak for himself.1982Keep the Lights Burning, AbbiePeter and Connie RoopShe nurses her sick mother and looks after her little sisters, and her lights protect sailors she will never meet.1985Sarah, Plain and TallPatricia MacLachlanSarah gives herself to the motherless children, bringing them gifts from the sea, singing with them and staying because she would miss them more than her old home.1985Address to the Nation on the Challenger DisasterRonald ReaganHe speaks tenderly to the families and to the anguished workers of NASA, telling them that the nation shares their pain.1986Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address)Ronald ReaganReagan names love as what keeps Berliners in their encircled city and speaks warmly to those behind the wall whom he cannot reach.1987Number the StarsLois LowryThe Johansens take Ellen into their home as a third daughter and risk arrest to hide her during the night search.1989Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of HealthSupreme Court of the United StatesThe Chief Justice acknowledges that Nancy Cruzan's parents are loving and caring, and the dissenters press their daughter's dignity and best interests.1990Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the IliadRosemary SutcliffAchilles weeps with Priam, returns Hector's body and grants a truce for the funeral.1993The GiverLois LowryJonas flees with Gabriel the night he learns the baby will be released, risking his own life to save one the Community has written off.1993Washington v. GlucksbergSupreme Court of the United StatesO'Connor and Breyer give sustained attention to the suffering of dying patients and to the importance of relieving their pain.1997Olmstead v. L. C.Supreme Court of the United StatesKennedy's concurrence speaks movingly of the suffering of those with severe mental illness who go untreated.1999SEC v. EdwardsSupreme Court of the United StatesO'Connor's opinion takes particular note of older and less sophisticated investors who are drawn to promises of guaranteed returns.2004Gonzales v. RaichSupreme Court of the United StatesRaich's caregivers supplied her medicine without charge, and the Court treats the patients' suffering with evident sympathy.2005Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and RedemptionLaura HillenbrandIn 1950 he goes to Sugamo Prison to forgive and embrace the guards who had abused him.2010The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an EmpireKyle HarperHarper discusses the Christian care for the sick during the Plague of Cyprian, as urged in Cyprian's sermons.2017

In Plutarch’s Lives

Cimon, Tiberius Gracchus

Quotations

“Mankind was my business. The common welfare was my business; charity, mercy, forbearance, and benevolence, were, all, my business”
— Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol, Stave I (1843 first edition).Quote card
“"She is hungrier than I am," she said to herself. "She's starving."”
— Frances Hodgson Burnett, A Little Princess, Chapter 13, One of the Populace (Project Gutenberg #146).Quote card
“to be able to learn things quickly isn't everything. To be kind is worth a great deal to other people.”
— Frances Hodgson Burnett, A Little Princess, Chapter 15, The Magic (Project Gutenberg #146).Quote card
“a man who would give his life, to keep a life you love beside you”
— Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities, Book II, Chapter 13 (Project Gutenberg #98 text).Quote card
“Providence put me here, I hope, among other reasons, in order that I may make you what amends I can for the inhospitality of my neighbors.”
— Nathaniel Hawthorne, A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys, The Miraculous Pitcher (Project Gutenberg eBook #32242).Quote card
“Human beings _can_ be awful cruel to one another.”
— Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Chapter XXXIII (Project Gutenberg #76 text).Quote card
“He that doth the ravens feed, Yea, providently caters for the sparrow, Be comfort to my age.”
— William Shakespeare, As You Like It, Act 2, Scene 3 (Project Gutenberg #1523).Quote card
“the cloud had a silver lining, as it gave me the feeling that I was doing something for my world--our family.”
— Andrew Carnegie, Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie, Chapter III (Project Gutenberg #17976 (Constable, 1920)).Quote card
“Too late loved I Thee, O Thou Beauty of ancient days, yet ever new! too late I loved Thee”
— Augustine of Hippo, Confessions, Book X.27, trans. E. B. Pusey (1838).Quote card
“it was the highest commendation of his doctrine with all men, that he taught nothing that he did not practise in his life among his brethren”
— Bede, Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Book III, Chapter V, trans. A. M. Sellar.Quote card
“you have called me your friend. Take this strap--quick!”
— Mary Mapes Dodge, Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates, Chapter 44, The Race (Project Gutenberg #764).Quote card
“those of the population who had formerly been members of the factions laid aside their mutual enmity and in common they attended to the burial rites of the dead”
— Procopius of Caesarea, History of the Wars, Books I-II (The Persian War), Book II, ch. 23, trans. H. B. Dewing.Quote card
“I have eaten for you, and I have drunk for you, I will also give you the ship; and all because you were kind to me at the first.”
— Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Household Stories (Grimm's Fairy Tales), The Golden Goose, trans. Lucy Crane.Quote card
“I want to have time to look for my children, and see how many of them I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead.”
— Chief Joseph, I Will Fight No More Forever, Harper's Weekly text, sentences 11-12 (Harper's Weekly, 17 November 1877).Quote card
“when I speak of Mrs. Bruce as my friend, the word is sacred.”
— Harriet A. Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Chapter XLI, Free at Last (Project Gutenberg #11030 (1861 text)).Quote card
“tending the sick, feeding the hungry, and relieving the distressed”
— Walter Scott, Ivanhoe, Chapter XLIV (Project Gutenberg #82).Quote card
“May He, who made both Jew and Christian, shower down on you his choicest blessings!”
— Walter Scott, Ivanhoe, Chapter XLIV (Project Gutenberg #82).Quote card
“For just precisely what I thought I liked about ye, was that ye never quarrelled:--and now I like ye better”
— Robert Louis Stevenson, Kidnapped, Chapter XXIV (1886 text).Quote card
“Taking, therefore, his sword with which he was girt, he divided his cloak into two equal parts, and gave one part to the poor man, while he again clothed himself with the remainder”
— Sulpitius Severus; Alexander Roberts, Life of St. Martin, Life of St. Martin, Ch. 3, trans. Alexander Roberts (1894).Quote card
“Nobody; I myself. Farewell. Commend me to my kind lord. O, farewell!”
— William Shakespeare, Othello, Act 5, Scene 2 (Project Gutenberg #1531).Quote card
“Standing before the Brandenburg Gate, every man is a German, separated from his fellow men. Every man is a Berliner, forced to look upon a scar.”
— Ronald Reagan, Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address), Paragraph 4 (Public Papers of the Presidents (1987)).Quote card
“In a word, I would submit that what keeps you in Berlin is love--love both profound and abiding.”
— Ronald Reagan, Tear Down This Wall (Brandenburg Gate Address), Paragraph 22 (Public Papers of the Presidents (1987)).Quote card
“since here we have passed our lives in love and concord, we wish that one and the same hour may take us both from life, that I may not live to see her grave, nor be laid in my own by her.”
— Thomas Bulfinch, The Age of Fable, Chapter VI, Baucis and Philemon (Project Gutenberg #4925).Quote card
“Alas, poor soul, and we should rather pity him!”
— Robert Louis Stevenson, The Black Arrow, Book I, Chapter VII (Project Gutenberg #848).Quote card
“a life is a life, old shrew, and it is more than ships or liquor.”
— Robert Louis Stevenson, The Black Arrow, Book V, Chapter IV (Project Gutenberg #848).Quote card
“Ye took the better part and pardoned; I took the worse, and there lies the clay of mine enemy.”
— Robert Louis Stevenson, The Black Arrow, Book V, Chapter VII (Project Gutenberg #848).Quote card
“But Christe’s lore, and his apostles’ twelve, He taught, and first he follow’d it himselve”
— Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, General Prologue, the Parson (Purves edition, Project Gutenberg #2383 (spelling partly modernized)).Quote card
“hath placed a Principle in the human Mind, which incites to exercise Goodness towards every living Creature”
— John Woolman, The Journal of John Woolman, Journal, Chapter I (Project Gutenberg #37311 (Everyman's Library, reprinting the London edition of 1775)).Quote card
“Tell them, that the Being we all worship, under different names, will be mindful of their charity; and that the time shall not be distant when we may assemble around His throne without distinction of sex, or rank, or color.”
— James Fenimore Cooper, The Last of the Mohicans, Chapter XXXIII (Project Gutenberg #940).Quote card
“The soul is satisfied now with nothing less than God.”
— Teresa of Avila, The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus, Chapter XXIX, § 17, trans. David Lewis.Quote card
“How far that little candle throws his beams! So shines a good deed in a naughty world.”
— William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, Act 5, Scene 1 (Project Gutenberg #1515, modern spelling).Quote card
“The happiness of one man and one woman is the greatest thing in all the world.”
— Agatha Christie, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, Chapter XIII (Project Gutenberg #863).Quote card
“Then Christine kissed me, for the first time, herself, here, on the forehead”
— Gaston Leroux, The Phantom of the Opera, Chapter XXVI, trans. Alexander Teixeira de Mattos.Quote card
“he was pleased when he could take up a straw from the ground for the love of GOD, seeking Him only, and nothing else, not even His gifts.”
— Brother Lawrence, The Practice of the Presence of God, Second Conversation, trans. Anonymous (Revell edition).Quote card
“Dears, when you say your prayers, I think you might ask God to show His pity upon all prisoners and captives.”
— E. Nesbit, The Railway Children, Chapter V, Prisoners and captives (Project Gutenberg #1874).Quote card
“It is, indeed, the season of regenerated feeling--the season for kindling not merely the fire of hospitality in the hall, but the genial flame of charity in the heart.”
— Washington Irving, The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., Christmas (Project Gutenberg #2048 (revised edition)).Quote card
“So be it. For since I have taken thee for my wife, so must I show thee respect in all matters; wherefore thou shalt have thy will in this and in all other things”
— Howard Pyle, The Story of King Arthur and His Knights, Book II, Part III, Chapter Third (1903 text).Quote card
“You cannot touch love either; but you feel the sweetness that it pours into everything.”
— Helen Keller, The Story of My Life, Part I, Chapter VI (Project Gutenberg #2397).Quote card
“He was a true friend in need, that old roadman.”
— John Buchan, The Thirty-Nine Steps, Chapter VII (Project Gutenberg #558).Quote card
“Consider, then, O 'Efreet, the pardon of the envied to the envier, and his kindness to him, notwithstanding the injuries he had done him.”
— Anonymous; translated by Edward William Lane, The Thousand and One Nights (Lane's translation, Volume I), Chapter III, Story of the Envier and the Envied, trans. Edward William Lane.Quote card
“If I had not forgiven you, I would never have taken the trouble to punish you.”
— George MacDonald, The Wise Woman (A Double Story), Chapter XIII (Project Gutenberg #5676 (A Double Story)).Quote card
“That Indian, sir, is an inhabitant of an oppressed country; and I am still, and shall be, to my last breath, one of them!”
— Jules Verne, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, Part II, Chapter III, A Pearl of Ten Millions, trans. Anonymous 19th-century translation.Quote card
“people might be equal in things that mattered much more than clothes, the affairs of education and religion”
— Jane Addams, Twenty Years at Hull-House, Chapter I, Earliest Impressions (Macmillan, 1910 (Project Gutenberg #1325)).Quote card
“if it were a womanly task to go about in tenement houses in order to nurse the sick, it might be quite as womanly to go through the same district in order to prevent the breeding of so-called "filth diseases."”
— Jane Addams, Twenty Years at Hull-House, Chapter XIII, Public Activities and Investigations (Macmillan, 1910 (Project Gutenberg #1325)).Quote card
“I can love you; I do, and I’ll try to help you to grow up a good Christian girl.”
— Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin, Chapter XXVII (Project Gutenberg #203).Quote card
“there ain’t no more ye can do! I forgive ye, with all my soul!”
— Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin, Chapter XL (Project Gutenberg #203).Quote card
“we shall patiently bear the trials that fate imposes on us; we shall work for others without rest, both now and when we are old”
— Anton Chekhov, Uncle Vanya, Act IV, trans. Marian Fell.Quote card
“You didn’t do it to help ’Lias. You did it to have him grateful to you.”
— Dorothy Canfield Fisher, Understood Betsy, Chapter VIII, Betsy Starts a Sewing Society (Project Gutenberg #5347).Quote card
“those who are happiest are those who do the most for others.”
— Booker T. Washington, Up from Slavery, Chapter IV (Project Gutenberg #2376).Quote card
“But they take more care of their sick than of any others; these are lodged and provided for in public hospitals.”
— Thomas More, Utopia, Book II, Of Their Traffic, trans. Gilbert Burnet.Quote card
“Willingly, had they accepted me, I would have worked for the wounded, in return for bread and water.”
— Mary Seacole, Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands, Chapter IX (Project Gutenberg #23031 (1857 text)).Quote card
“And the grateful words and smile which rewarded me for binding up a wound or giving cooling drink was a pleasure worth risking life for at any time.”
— Mary Seacole, Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands, Chapter XVI (Project Gutenberg #23031 (1857 text)).Quote card
“Many others, on that day, gave me thanks in words the meaning of which was lost upon me, and all of them in that one common language of the whole world--smiles.”
— Mary Seacole, Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands, Chapter XVI (Project Gutenberg #23031 (1857 text)).Quote card

Discussion questions

  1. Why does Paul call charity the greatest of the three?
  2. Who is my neighbor? Answer from a work you have read.
  3. How is charity different from feeling kindly?
  4. What does a deed of charity cost the one who does it?

Other virtues: Prudence · Justice · Fortitude · Temperance · Faith · Hope · Piety · Honor · Industry · Humility · Magnanimity · Friendship